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The Third War of Dispossession and Resistance in the Cape of Good Hope Colony, 1799–1803
54 “THE WAR TOOK ITS ORIGINS IN A MISTAKE”: THE THIRD WAR OF DISPOSSESSION AND RESISTANCE IN THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE COLONY, 1799–1803 Denver Webb, University of Fort Hare1 Abstract The early colonial wars on the Cape Colony’s eastern borderlands and western Xhosaland, such as the 1799–1803 war, have not received as much attention from military historians as the later wars. This is unexpected since this lengthy conflict was the first time the British army fought indigenous people in southern Africa. This article revisits the 1799–1803 war, examines the surprisingly fluid and convoluted alignments of participants on either side, and analyses how the British became embroiled in a conflict for which they were unprepared and for which they had little appetite. It explores the micro narrative of why the British shifted from military action against rebellious Boers to fighting the Khoikhoi and Xhosa. It argues that in 1799, the British stumbled into war through a miscalculation – a mistake which was to have far-reaching consequences on the Cape’s eastern frontier and in western Xhosaland for over a century. Introduction The eighteenth- and nineteenth-century colonial wars on the Cape Colony’s eastern borderlands and western Xhosaland (emaXhoseni) have received considerable attention from historians. For reasons mostly relating to the availability of source material, the later wars are better known than the earlier ones. Thus the War of Hintsa (1834–35), the War of the Axe (1846–47), the War of Mlanjeni (1850–53) and the War of Ngcayecibi (1877–78) have received far more coverage by contemporaries and subsequently by historians than the eighteenth-century conflicts.2 The first detailed examination of Scientia Militaria, South African the 1799–1803 conflict, commonly known as Journal of Military Studies, Vol the Third Frontier War or third Cape–Xhosa 42, Nr 2, 2014, pp. -
Copyright © and Moral Rights for This Thesis Are Retained by the Author And/Or Other Copyright Owners
McDonald, Jared. (2015) Subjects of the Crown: Khoesan identity and assimilation in the Cape Colony, c. 1795- 1858. PhD thesis. SOAS University of London. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/22831/ Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Subjects of the Crown: Khoesan Identity and Assimilation in the Cape Colony, c.1795-1858 Jared McDonald Department of History School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) University of London A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in History 2015 Declaration for PhD Thesis I declare that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the thesis which I present for examination. -
Trade and Interaction on the Eastern Cape Frontier: an Historical Archaeological Study of the Xhosa and the British During the Early Nineteenth Century
TRADE AND INTERACTION ON THE EASTERN CAPE FRONTIER: AN HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE XHOSA AND THE BRITISH DURING THE EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY 0.i\ By. FLORDELIZ T BUGARIN A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2002 Copyright 2002 by Flordeliz T. Bugarin This is dedicated to Cris Bugarin, my mom. Tern Bugarin, my father, and Marie Bugarin, my sister. Thank you for being the family that supports me. Also, this is in memory of my Uncle Jack who died while I was in South Africa. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Researching and writing this dissertation gave me an incredible chance to meet some generous, warm, and intelligent people. From South Africa to California to Florida, I have met people who challenged me, motivated me, and supported me. To them, I offer my heartfelt thanks. My advisor, longtime teacher, and good friend, Peter Schmidt, gave me unending support, faith in my abilities, encouragement when I had doubt, and advice when I needed direction I appreciate the many hours he set aside to advise me, seriously consider my ideas no matter how esoteric, and shape the development of my writing • skills. I thank him for pulling together my committee when I needed them and for choosing a cohort of students who will be my close, life long colleagues. I am very gratefiil for the opportunity to work with Hunt Davis. His enthusiasm, warm nature, and love for South Africa gave me inspiration and encouragement. -
Thesis Hum 1991 Nyamende A
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PORTRAYAL OF CHARACTERS IN A. C. JORDAN'S THE WRATH OF THE ANCESTORS I MODIKWE DIKOBE' S THE MARABI DANCE AND G.B.SINXO'S UNOJAYITI WAM by Town Mzayivane Abner Nyamende Cape of A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Univesity MASTER OF ARTS supervisor: Prof. S.C. Satyo December 1991 The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University CONTENTS Pages ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PREFACE CHAPTER 1 1 - 22 Introduction 1 - 2 Arguments identifying foreign techniques in the African literature 3 - 15 Characters 15 - 18 Relevance of this study 18 - 22 CHAPTER 2 23 - 84 { The story-line: The Wrath of the Ancestors 25 - 29 The story-line: The Marabi Dance 29 - 32 The story-line: UNoja:iiti Warn 32 - 35 The heroes, anti-heroes and the villains 35 - 51 Names of characters 52 - 64 The stereotypes 65 - 84 " CHAPTER 3 85 - 165 Identity: the individual and society 87 - 120 Pages Leadership: gender and generation 120 - 136 Character and background 136 - 156 Imaging and other related techniques 157 - 165 CHAPTER 4 166 - 227 The romantic treatment of characters 170 - 179 Characters in the story-within-the-story 179 - 190 The singing, praise-singing and dancing characters 191 - 206 . -
Phase 1 Heritage Impact Assessment Report: OR Tambo Homestead, Mdikiso Village, Mbizana Local Municipality, Oliver Tambo Distric
Phase 1 Heritage Impact Assessment Report: OR Tambo Homestead, Mdikiso Village, Mbizana Local Municipality, Oliver Tambo District, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa Prepared for The Independent Development Trust Glenwood Office Park Cnr Oberon & Spritz Streets Faerie Glen 0043 Telephone Lindelwa Mabuntana 012 845 2000 [email protected] Prepared by ETHEMBENI CULTURAL HERITAGE Elizabeth Wahl and Len van Schalkwyk Box 20057 Ashburton 3213 Pietermaritzburg Telephone 033 326 1136 / 082 655 9077 / 082 529 3656 Facsimile 086 672 8557 [email protected] 21 February 2013 Phase 1 HIA of OR Tambo Homestead, Mdikiso Village, Bizana Local Municipality, Eastern Cape EXECUTIVE SUMMARY eThembeni Cultural Heritage was appointed by the Independent Development Trust to undertake a Phase 1 Heritage Impact Assessment of the OR Tambo Homestead at Mdikiso village in the Eastern Cape Province, in terms of Section 38 of the National Heritage Resources Act 25 of 1999, as amended. HERITAGE RESOURCE DESCRIPTION AND SIGNIFICANCE The OR Tambo Homestead has been occupied continuously for the past sixty years and has seen episodes of growth and demise depending on the family’s needs and means. The site has high historical value at all levels for its strong and special association with a person whose life, works and activities have been significant within the history of the nation, province, region and community. The site has high social value at all levels for its social, cultural, spiritual, symbolic, aesthetic and educational associations with the life of a prominent South African. The site is unique, as the rural home of an individual who made an indelible contribution to the socio-political development of South Africa. -
An Overview Translation History South Africa 1652
An Overview of Translation History in South Africa 1652–1860 By Birgitt Olsen A research report submitted to the Faculty of the Arts, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts: Translation Adelaide, South Australia, 2008 i Abstract This research report comprises an outline of South African translation history in the years 1652 – 1860. The report is divided into three chapters, covering scriptural and secular translation history across two time periods, namely 1652-1750 (scriptural and secular), 1750-1860 (scriptural) and 1750-1860 (secular). A catalogue of translations done in these time periods is also included. The research methodology is based on hermeneutical principles, and therefore seeks to interpret and represent historical material in a way that makes it relevant for contemporary circumstances, always focusing on the individuals involved in events as well as taking into account the subjectivity of the researcher. In conclusion, but also as a part of the overall rationale for performing the research, the report discusses the immediate importance to modern society of understanding the historical linguistic dynamics between cultures, as represented in translation activity. ii Declaration I declare that this research report is my own unaided work. It is submitted for the degree of Master of Arts: Translation, in the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. It has not been submitted before for any other degree or examination in any other university. ________________________________ Birgitt Olsen 20th day of November, 2008 iii Acknowledgements My sincere and warm thanks go to my supervisor, Dr Elizabeth Meintjes, for her perspicacious, patient and humorous assistance in the years it to me took complete this research report. -
Maids and Madams: a Study in the Politics of Exploitation
Maids and madams: a study in the politics of exploitation http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.crp2b20021 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Maids and madams: a study in the politics of exploitation Author/Creator Cock, Jacklyn Publisher Ravan Press (Johannesburg) Date 1980 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) South Africa Coverage (temporal) 1770 - 1979 Source Northwestern University Libraries, Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies, 968.06 C664m Rights By kind permission of Jacklyn Cock and Ravan Press (Pan Macmillan SA) Description This research on the roles of domestic workers and their "madams" is based on extensive archival research as well as interviews with workers and employers in South Africa's Eastern Cape. -
Heritage Assessment and Management Field and Holds a B.A
PROJECT NAME: EZULU GAME RESERVE, BETWEEN RIEBEECK EAST AND BEDFORD, BLUE CRANE AND MAKANA LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES, SARAH BAARTMAN DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY, EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE HERITAGE STUDY: HERITAGE AUDIT REPORT Issue Date: 10 December 2020 Revision No: 2 PGS Project No: HM474 FOR: NCC Environmental Services (Pty) Lt EZULU - HERITAGE AUDIT 1 DETAILS OF CLIENT AND AUTHOR CLIENT: NCC Environmental Services (Pty) Ltd CONTACT PERSON: Mr. Jonathan Szoke Email: [email protected] Tel: +27 21 702 2884 Extension: 245 Fax: +27 86 555 0693 / +27 21 701 5302 LEADING CONSULTANT: PGS Heritage (Pty) Ltd CONTACT PERSON: Polke Birkholtz Tel: (012) 332 5305, Email: [email protected] SIGNATURE: ______________________ COPYRIGHT Copyright in all documents, drawings and records whether manually or electronically produced, which form part of the submission and any subsequent report or project document shall vest in PGS. None of the documents, drawings or records may be used or applied in any manner, nor may they be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means whatsoever for or to any other person, without the prior written consent of PGS. The Client, on acceptance of any submission by PGS Heritage and on condition that the Client pays to PGS Heritage the full price for the work as agreed, shall be entitled to use for its own benefit and for the specified project only: i. The results of the project; ii. The technology described in any report; and iii. The recommendations delivered to the Client. EZULU - HERITAGE AUDIT 1 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE AND SUMMARY OF EXPERTISE The report has been compiled by PGS Heritage (Pty) Ltd, an appointed Heritage Specialist for NCC Environmental Services (Pty) Ltd. -
A History of South Africa, Third Edition
A HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA [To view this image, refer to the print version of this title.] Praisefor earliereditionsof A Historyof SouthAfrica "Highlyreadable.... Fora neatlycompressed,readable,authoritative accountofSouthAfricanhistory,thisbookwilltakesomesurpassing." -Paul Maylam,JournalofAfricanHistory "In A HistoryofSouthAfricaLeonardThompson againproveshismettleas an historianbyaugmentinghisowninsightswiththe bestofthoseofhis erstwhilecritics.... Thegreateststrengthofthisworkisitspresentationof suchasweepingandcomplexhistoryin someofthe most lucidproseto be found in suchatext.It isan excellentchoiceforan introductorycourse,as wellasoneofthe bestwindowsforthe generalreaderto gainperspectiveon contemporarySouthAfrica:'-Donald Will,AfricaToday "Thismagisterialhistorythrowsafloodlighton SouthAfrica'scurrentcrisis byexaminingthe past.The absurdityoftheapartheidphilosophyof racialseparatismisunderscoredbythe author's argument (backedwith convincingresearchmaterial)that the genesofthe nation'sfirst hunter-gatherersareinextricablymixedwiththoseofmodem blacks andwhites."-PublishersWeekly "Shouldbecomethe standard generaltextfor SouthAfricanhistory.It is recommendedforcollegeclassesandanyoneinterestedin obtaininga historicalframeworkinwhichto placeeventsoccurringin SouthAfrica today:'-Roger B.Beck,History:ReviewsofNewBooks ((Amustforanyseriousstudent ofSouthAfrica:'-Senator DickClark, Directorofthe SouthernPolicyForum,TheAspenInstitute,Washington,D.C. "Thisisabook that fillsa greatneed.Asan up-to-date aridauthoritative summaryofSouthAfricanhistorybyoneof -
Stuurman and Makhanda: Anti-Colonial Rebels Raised on Boer Farms
http://www.thejournalist.org.za/spotlight/stuurman-and-makhanda-anti-colonial-rebels-raised-on- boer-farms SPOTLIGHT 28 MAY, 2019 Stuurman and Makhanda: Anti-colonial rebels raised on Boer farms By Naledi Nomalanga Mkhize It is commonplace to talk about the politics of labour struggles in South Africa’s history through the lens and experiences of urban labour. In South African popular imagination the image of Black militancy is dominated by the urban setting and the organising power of mining and factory labour. Yet, two of the most powerful anti- colonial rebellions in the Eastern Cape were led by Africans who had also worked on or had been raised on boer farms in the late 1700s and early 1800s. These two leaders were David Stuurman and Makhanda, uNxele. In their era, the farms – ‘die plase’– were a key site of struggle and the development of militant anti-colonial consciousness. As historian Patric Mellet has recently reminded us (see: “Rename Clifton after Makhanda, a unifying figure in our heritage, Cape Argus 4 January 2019), the names of Stuurman and Nxele belong together in helping us to understand the history of anti-colonial resistance and indigenous consciousness at the time of colonial invasion. In her 1980 paper, David Stuurman: “last chief of the Hottentots”, Vetreese Malherbe documents the life of the rebel Stuurman, considered in his lifetime a criminal menace by colonists, and a formidable leader by his Khoi and Xhosa kin, for his unrelenting resistance. For his resistance, he would be imprisoned twice on Robben, and successfully escape twice. In 2017 the community of Hankey repatriated Stuurman’s spirit from Australia, where he died in the 1830s; in the process his history and memory has been revived and reclaimed. -
An Overview Translation History South Africa 1652–1860
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Wits Institutional Repository on DSPACE An Overview of Translation History in South Africa 1652–1860 By Birgitt Olsen A research report submitted to the Faculty of the Arts, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts: Translation Adelaide, South Australia, 2008 i Abstract This research report comprises an outline of South African translation history in the years 1652 – 1860. The report is divided into three chapters, covering scriptural and secular translation history across two time periods, namely 1652-1750 (scriptural and secular), 1750-1860 (scriptural) and 1750-1860 (secular). A catalogue of translations done in these time periods is also included. The research methodology is based on hermeneutical principles, and therefore seeks to interpret and represent historical material in a way that makes it relevant for contemporary circumstances, always focusing on the individuals involved in events as well as taking into account the subjectivity of the researcher. In conclusion, but also as a part of the overall rationale for performing the research, the report discusses the immediate importance to modern society of understanding the historical linguistic dynamics between cultures, as represented in translation activity. ii Declaration I declare that this research report is my own unaided work. It is submitted for the degree of Master of Arts: Translation, in the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. It has not been submitted before for any other degree or examination in any other university. ________________________________ Birgitt Olsen 20th day of November, 2008 iii Acknowledgements My sincere and warm thanks go to my supervisor, Dr Elizabeth Meintjes, for her perspicacious, patient and humorous assistance in the years it to me took complete this research report. -
History of Southern Africa / Edited by Amy Mckenna.—1St Ed
Published in 2011 by Britannica Educational Publishing (a trademark of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.) in association with Rosen Educational Services, LLC 29 East 21st Street, New York, NY 10010. Copyright © 2011 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, and the Thistle logo are registered trademarks of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved. Rosen Educational Services materials copyright © 2011 Rosen Educational Services, LLC. All rights reserved. Distributed exclusively by Rosen Educational Services. For a listing of additional Britannica Educational Publishing titles, call toll free (800) 237-9932. First Edition Britannica Educational Publishing Michael I. Levy: Executive Editor J.E. Luebering: Senior Manager Marilyn L. Barton: Senior Coordinator, Production Control Steven Bosco: Director, Editorial Technologies Lisa S. Braucher: Senior Producer and Data Editor Yvette Charboneau: Senior Copy Editor Kathy Nakamura: Manager, Media Acquisition Amy McKenna: Senior Editor, Geography and History Rosen Educational Services Jeanne Nagle: Senior Editor Nelson Sá: Art Director Cindy Reiman: Photography Manager Nicole Russo: Designer Matthew Cauli: Cover Design Introduction by Andrew Barbour Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The history of southern Africa / edited by Amy McKenna.—1st ed. p. cm.—(The Britannica guide to Africa) “In association with Britannica Educational Publishing, Rosen Educational Services.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN ŻŹźƝųƝŸųŷŵŲƝŵŻźƝŶ ɄƧ **&ƨ 1. Africa, Southern--History. I. McKenna, Amy, 1969 DT1079.H57 2011 968—dc22 2010019433 On the cover: Xhosa boys prepare for a traditional manhood ceremony in South Africa. Per-Anders Pettersson/Reportage/Getty Images On pages 1, 15, 49, 72, 82, 91, 101, 110, 120, 132, 180, 186, 198: A tree towers over the spot where, as legend has it, missionary and explorer David Livingstone’s heart is buried.