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I^fefl National Library Bibliotheque naiionale • T • 0f Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Direction des acquisitions et Bibliographic Services Branch des services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa (Ontario) K1A0N4 K1A0N4 v'o,/rM<* Volt? rottiU'iKc Our lilu Nolle tit&rtsnca NOTICE AVIS The quality of this microform is La qualite de cette microforme heavily dependent upon the depend grandement de la qualite quality of the original thesis de la these soumise au submitted for microfilming. microfilmage. Nous avons tout Every effort has been made to fait pour assurer une qualite ensure the highest quality of superieure de reproduction. reproduction possible. If pages are missing, contact the S'il manque des pages, veuillez university which granted the communiquer avec I'universite degree. qui a confere Ie grade. Some pages may have indistinct La qualite d'impression de print especially if the original certaines pages peut laisser a pages were typed with a poor desirer, surtout si les pages typewriter ribbon or if the originates ont ete university sent us an inferior dactylographies a I'aide d'un photocopy. ruban use ou si I'univeioite nous a fait parvenir une photocopie de qualite inferieure. Reproduction in full or in part of La reproduction, meme partielle, this microform is governed by de cette microforme est soumise the Canadian Copyright Act, a la Loi canadienne sur Ie droit R.S.C. 1970, c. C-30, and d'auteur, SRC 1970, c. C-30, et subsequent amendments. ses amendements subsequents. Canada Maqoma: Xhosa Resistance to the Advance of Colonial Hegemony (1798-1873) by Timothy J. Stapleton Submitted in partial fulfillment of the reguireiaents for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia August, 1993 (V) Copyright by Timothy J. Stapleton National Library Bibliotheque nationale I*! of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Direction des acquisitions et Bibliographic Services Branch des services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa (Ontario) K1A0N4 K1A0N4 y'our />ie Vofre rctfctovice Our lik Notre le'ctvKo The author has granted an L'auteur a accorde une licence irrevocable non-exclusive licence irrevocable et non exclusive allowing the National Library of permettant a la Bibliotheque Canada to reproduce, loan, nationale du Canada de distribute or sell copies of reproduire, prefer, dsstribuer ou his/her thesis by any means and vendre des copies de sa these in any form or format, making de quelque maniere et sous this thesis available to interested quelque forme que ce soit pour persons. mettre des exemplaires de cette these a la disposition des personnes interessees. 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ISBN 0-315-93741-6 Canada n{?ToM1 Disseitat'on Abstracts International is arranged by broad, general subject categories Please select the one sub|ect which most pearly describes the content of your dissertation Enter the corresponding four digit code in the spaces provided v /y,v4VHf /)th' £ f/U 0 1 2 UMI SUBJECT TERM SUBJECT CODE Sub|ect Categories THE HUMANETIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS AND THE AKTS Psychology 0525 PHILOSOPHY, RELIGION AND Arcient 0579 Architecture 0729 Reading 0535 THEOLOGY Medieval 0581 Arl History 03 V Religious 0527 Modern Philosophy 0422 0582 Cinema 0900 Scences 0714 Block Religion 0328 Dance 0378 Secondary 0533 Afr can General 0313 0331 fine A Is 0357 Social Sciences 0534 Biblical Studies 0321 Asia Australia and Oceania 0332 Information Saf trice 0723 Sociology ol 0340 Canadian Clergy 0319 0334 Journalism 0391 Special 0529 European History of 0320 0335 Library Science 0399 Teacher Training 0530 Latin American Philosophy of 0322 0336 Mass 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Clinical 0622 Occupational Health and Molecular 0609 Veterinary Science 0778 Developmental 0620 Therapy 0354 Nuc'ear 0610 Zoology 0472 Experimental n523 Ophthalmology 0381 Optics 0752 Biophysics Industrial 0624 Pathology 0571 Radiation 0756 General . 078o Personality 0625 Pharmacology 041 ° Solid State 0611 Medical 0760 Physiological 0989 Pharmacy 0572 Statistics 0463 Physical Therapy 0382 Psychobiology 0349 EARTH SCIENCES Applied Sciences Psychomelr cs 0632 Biogeochemistry ,0425 Public Health 0573 Radiology 0574 Applied Mechar s 0346 Social 04*51 Geochemistry 099o Recreation C575 Computer Science 0984 ® TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents List of Maps, Illustrations and Tables Abstract List of Abbreviations Acknowledgements Note on Pronunciation Introduction Chapter 1: "The Mirror of Nothonto": Maqoma's Formative Years (1798-1819). Chapter 2: "Leaning Against the Mountains of Mnqwazi": The Evolution, Extortion, and Eviction of Maqoma's Kat Uivet chiefdom (1820-29). Chapter 3: "The Black Snake; That Crosses Rivers": Maqoma's Regency and Resistance (1829-35). Chapter 4: "War Does Not Make Us Rich": Maqoma's Decline (1336-47). Chapter 5: "Tha Leopard of Fordyce": Maqoma's Return (1848-53). Chapter 6: "Are You a Chief and Led by Black Men?": Maqoma's Role in the Xhosa Cattle-Killing (1853-57). Chapter 7: "On the White Man's Island": The Tannished Chief (1858-73). Conclusion Bibliography t 9 LIST OF MAPS, ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES MAPS The Eastern Cape 1811-19 42 The Amatoia Ragion 1811-19