DOCSLIB.ORG

Promitzer, Austria and the Balkans

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Promitzer, Austria and the Balkans Christian Promitzer Austria and the Balkans: Exploring the Role of Travelogues in the Construction of an Area Introduction One of the main purposes of area studies is the virtual construction of those spaces which are nominally granting their existence. This statement does not intend to postulate that the determination of global areas is totally arbitrary (the appellation of certain spaces as “historical regions” is also a matter of plausibility), but it wants to bring to the foreground that a lot of intellectual pain has to be invested, before a “historical” area is coming into being. This is also the case with the volatile region, which according to the respective viewpoint of an author may be called “Southeastern Europe”, “South-East Europe”, or the “Balkans”. During the last two decades Karl Kaser, Maria Todorova, Holm Sundhaussen, Alexis Drace Francis, Dietmar Müller and many others have tried to either deconstruct or reify these areal concepts within the given historical foci of interest since the early 19 th century. Thereby both Todorova’s approach to grasp a region by its common historical legacy and Kaser’s simple, but not simplistic relativization that the respective boundaries of “Southeastern Europe” in the eye of the researcher depend on her or his leading questions, are most convincing. 1 We would add that the historical plausibility of a region could be fully understood, if we also include all kinds of material interests which are imputed to it. Otherwise, the postmodernist renunciation of primordialism would contain the possible danger of forgetfulness about the material base of modern Capitalism and how material and in particular economic interests positioned at this base themselves influenced the construction of historical regions outside Capitalist centers of the European continent as regions for possible economic exploitation. 2 Such a viewpoint does not want 1 See Karl Kaser, Südosteuropäische Geschichte und Geschichtswissenschaft , UTB 8224 (Vienna – Cologne – Weimar: Böhlau, 2 nd revised edition), 23; Maria Todorova, “Der Balkan als Analysekategorie:Grenzen, Raum, Zeit”, Geschichte und Gesellschaft: Zeitschrift für historische Sozialwissenschaft 28 (2002): 470-492; Zeitschrift für historische Sozialwissenschaft, 28 (2002), p. 470-492.Maria Todorova, “Historische Vermächtnisse als Analysekategorie. Der Fall Südosteuropa,” in Europa und die Grenzen im Kopf , ed. Karl Kaser, Dagmar Gramshammer-Hohl, Robert Pichler, Wieser-Enzyklopädie des europäischen Ostens 11 (Klagenfurt – Vienna: Wieser, 2003), 227-252, also online, accessed December 31, 2011, http://wwwg.uni-klu.ac.at/eeo/Todorova_Vermaechtnisse; Todorova, “Spacing Europe: What is a Historical Region?” East Central Europe 32 (1-2) (2005): 59-78; Holm Sundhaussen, “Europa balcanica: Der Balkan als historischer Raum Europas,” Geschichte und Gesellschaft: Zeitschrift für historische Sozialwissenschaft 25 (1999): 626-653; Sundhaussen, Der Balkan: ein Plädoyer für Differenz,” Geschichte und Gesellschaft: Zeitschrift für historische Sozialwissenschaft 29 (2003): 642-658; Alex Drace-Francis, Zur Geschichte des Südosteuropakonzepts bis 1914, in Europa und die Grenzen im Kopf , 275-286, also online, accessed December 31, 2011, http://wwwg.uni- klu.ac.at/eeo/Drace_Suedosteuropakonzept.pdf; Dietmar Müller, “Southeastern Europe as a historical Meso-region: Constructing Space in Twentieth Century German Historiography,” European Review of History 10 (2) (2003): 393-408. 2 These thoughts are influenced by a historical model of a Braudelian and/or Wallersteinian development of modern capitalism which necessarily includes the establishment of “core” and “peripheral” regions; for the Balkans as “peripheral” region in this sense see Karl Kaser, “Das Abdriften Südosteuropas vom dominierenden europäischen Entwicklungsweg seit dem 11. Jahrhundert,” Balkan Studies 29 (2) (1988): 239-264; Kaser, “Im Schatten der europäischen Weltwirtschaft. Die Verfestigung der Agrarstrukturen und die Peripherisierung Südosteuropas,“ in Südosteuropa-Fallstudien: 20 Jahre “Südosteuropäische Geschichte” in Graz , ed. Horst Haselsteiner (Graz: Abteilung to reinstate a wholesale, i.e. primordialist, variant of Marxism as an integrative world view, or even worse, Marxism-Leninism, which had been the official doctrine in the “socialist” Balkans. The latter have well enough documented that they may serve as examples for dogmatic schemes of philosophy and integral worldviews which were untainted by the lessons of constructivist epistemology. My point is that something essential is going to be missed, when the Marxian insistence on material interests for explaining the world is treated as being outdated. In such a way purportedly constructivist approaches risk to make themselves the plaything of external interests when they try to formulate new strategies in order to overcome the ascertained general crisis of area studies: The latter (if we leave aside their pendants in the former “socialist” states – as is the case with “Balkan Studies” e.g. in Bulgaria and Serbia) can be considered as conforming transdisciplinary Western approaches that, due to changing external material interests since the end of Cold War, have lost their raison d'être, and are now trying to find new bases of legitimacy vis-à- vis their financing and patronizing institutions. In contrast to such a prospective muddling along a general “crisis”, we would rather suggest a retrospective procedure and examine the underlying ideological foundations and origins of area studies, since these may partly still be the disguised guiding principles of academic research. This, exactly, is the task of a group of young researchers at the Center for Southeast European History (“Fachbereich Südosteuropäische Geschichte”) at the Institute for History within the University of Graz. The group studies various travelogues from Austrian resp. Austro-Hungarian authors on the Balkans from the 1830 up to 1912 in order to assess the share of the Danube Monarchy in the Western process of “Imagining the Balkans.” 3 In the following I will, first, try to illuminate some aspects of the representation of the Balkans in the Austrian mind, and, second, I will consider Austrian travelogues as a possible source for a wholesale representation of a region. The Balkans in the minds of Austro-Hungarian and modern Austrian elites With respect to the study of Southeastern Europe in Germany some preliminary work has been done with respect to the discipline’s roots in National Socialism. 4 But for little Austria’s interest in the Balkans and for that one of its not so small imperial predecessor the respective labor is still mostly für Südosteuropäische Geschichte) 49-81, Kaser, Südosteuropäische Geschichte , 98-106.. 3 Maria N. Todorova, Imagining the Balkans (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009/2 nd edition [1997]).. Members oft he team are: Karin Almasy, Bernhard Bachinger, Indira Durakovi ć, Brigitte Fuchs, Kurt Gostentschnigg, Harald Kleinberger, Manfred Pfaffenthaler, Christian Promitzer, Ursula Reber, Martin Sauerbrey, Jana Schumann, and Silvia Stecher of whom many useful thoughts and finding were used in this chapter. 4 Michael Fahlbusch, Wissenschaft im Dienst der nationalsozialistischen Politik? Die “Volksdeutschen Forschungsgemeinschaften” von 1931-1945 (Baden-Baden: Nomos, 1999); Helmut Schaller, Der Nationalsozialismus und die slawische Welt (Regensburg: Pustet, 2002); Mathias Beer, ed., Südostforschung im Schatten des Dritten Reiches: Institutionen, Inhalte, Personen , Südosteuropäische Arbeiten 119 (München: Oldenbourg, 2004); Christian Promitzer, “The South Slavs in the Austrian Mind: Serbs and Slovenes in the Changing View from German Nationalism to National Socialism,” in Creating the Other: Ethnic Conflict & Nationalism in Habsburg Central Europe , ed. Nancy M. Wingfield (New York – Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2003), 183-215. ahead of us. In Austria itself analogies between current and former interests in the region at its Southern border are in a specific way, and they were engaged several times after the end of the Communist regimes in Eastern Central and Southeastern Europe. But even before, in the mid-1980s the Austrian politician Erhard Busek together with the historian and diplomat Emil Brix addressed historical connections between Vienna and the Balkans, namely links Serbia and Montenegro. This happened within a general, liberal-conservative discourse on Central Europe (“Mitteleuropa”) which should both help to strengthen various local dissident persons and groups in their endeavor to fight and topple their respective Communist regimes, which due to various symptoms of crises were already on the defense. Such endeavors were supposed to secure Austria, as the core of the former Habsburg Empire, a convenient position as intermediary in the political rollback in East Central Europe. 5 About a decade later, in 1999, NATO was engaged in aerial warfare against Serbia and the European Union and other Western states launched the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe. In this year Busek published his book “Austria and the Balkans.” There the subsequent Special Coordinator of the Stability Pact complains that “the average Austrian only possesses of scanty knowledge about Southeastern Europe.” He pleads for refreshing old links and he reminds: “Around 1900 the city of Vienna has been a kind of world capital for a few seonds of global history would have never existed without this intellectual background [i.e. of Southeastern Europe – C.P.]. Even today
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Curriculum Vitae
    CURRICULUM VITAE NAME ROUMIANA ILIEVA PRESHLENOVA ADDRESS Institute of Balkan Studies & Centre for Thracology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 45 Moskovska St., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria [email protected]; [email protected] CITIZENSHIP Bulgarian EDUCATION PhD from the Institute of Balkan Studies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia MA, Department of History and Theory of Culture, Faculty of History, Sofia University St Kliment Ohridski MA, Department of German Studies, Faculty of Classical and Modern Philology, Sofia University St Kliment Ohridski POSITION Professor at the Institute for Balkan Studies & Centre for Thracology, BAS Director of Institute of Balkan Studies & Centre for Thracology, BAS TEACHING Faculty of History of Sofia University St Kliment Ohridski RESEARCH EXPERIENCE Participant in over 20 international research projects and coordinator of 6 international research projects. Participation with a paper in over 80 international conferences and congresses in Austria, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Turkey, USA. SELECTED RECENT PUBLICATIONS Monographs On the Roads of Europeism. Higher Education in Austria-Hungary and the Bulgarians (1879- 1918) [in Bulgarian]. Paradigma, Sofia 2008. Frontiers Revisited. Identities and Economy in the Balkans in Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries. Saarbrücken, LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2011. Austria-Hungary and the Balkans 1878-1912 [in Bulgarian]. Sofia, St Kliment Ohridski University Press, 2017. 2 Editorial Österreich, Österreich-Ungarn und die Entwicklung der bulgarischen Eliten, 1815-1918. Verlag der Bulgarischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sofia 1999 (with M. Lalkov and H. Heppner). Die Bulgaren und Europa von der Nationalen Wiedergeburt bis zur Gegenwart. Verlag der Bulgarischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sofia 1999 (with H.
    [Show full text]
  • Frontier Gentlemen's Club: Felix Kanitz and Balkan Archaeology
    10 Frontier gentlemen’s club: Felix Kanitz and Balkan archaeology Vladimir V. Mihajlovic´ Histories of archaeology show that our disciplinary knowledge has immensely diverse origins, in terms of its interactions not just with other fields of scholarly inquiry, but within the field of archaeology itself. Routes of communication exist outside ‘regular’ academic channels and have a great influence on the production and transmission of discipli- nary knowledge. Knowledge that is now perceived as canonical has often been conceived through contacts made outside institutional circles and their strict rules. Archaeological knowledge, as well as scientific knowledge in general, like any other form of knowledge, is ‘a cultural formation, embedded in wider networks of social relations and political power, and shaped by the local environments in which practitioners carry out their tasks’ (Livingstone, 2002: 236; on the social nature of knowledge see Latour, 1996, 2005; Law, 1992). The socio-/geopolitical nature of knowledge that David Livingstone writes about can be clearly seen in the life and work of Felix Kanitz (1829–1904), one of the greatest researchers of the Balkans (and their past) in the nineteenth century. Géza Fehér, the author of the first and still the most compre- hensive biography of Kanitz (1932), gave him the flattering nickname ‘Columbus of the Balkans’. Kanitz was once perceived as the discoverer of the lands south of the Sava-Danube river boundary, and his books are still ‘a veritable mine of rich and scholarly information’ on the Balkans – and Serbia and Bulgaria in particular – hence, ‘no attempt at summarizing this achievement can do it credit’ (Todorova, 2009 [1997]: 71).
    [Show full text]
  • CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES Volume 18
    The Schüssel Era in Austria Günter Bischof, Fritz Plasser (Eds.) CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES Volume 18 innsbruck university press Copyright ©2010 by University of New Orleans Press, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, ED 210, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA. www.unopress.org. Printed in the United States of America. Published and distributed in the United States by Published and distributed in Europe by University of New Orleans Press: Innsbruck University Press: ISBN 978-1-60801-009-7 ISBN 978-3-902719-29-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2009936824 Contemporary Austrian Studies Sponsored by the University of New Orleans and Universität Innsbruck Editors Günter Bischof, CenterAustria, University of New Orleans Fritz Plasser, Universität Innsbruck Production Editor Copy Editor Assistant Editor Ellen Palli Jennifer Shimek Michael Maier Universität Innsbruck Loyola University, New Orleans UNO/Vienna Executive Editors Franz Mathis, Universität Innsbruck Susan Krantz, University of New Orleans Advisory Board Siegfried Beer Sándor Kurtán Universität Graz Corvinus University Budapest Peter Berger Günther Pallaver Wirtschaftsuniversität
    [Show full text]
  • Wolfgang Schüssel – Bundeskanzler Regierungsstil Und Führungsverhalten“
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OTHES DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit: „Wolfgang Schüssel – Bundeskanzler Regierungsstil und Führungsverhalten“ Wahrnehmungen, Sichtweisen und Attributionen des inneren Führungszirkels der Österreichischen Volkspartei Verfasser: Mag. Martin Prikoszovich angestrebter akademischer Grad Magister der Philosophie (Mag. phil.) Wien, 2012 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 300 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Politikwissenschaft Betreuer: Univ.-Doz. Dr. Johann Wimmer Persönliche Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit, dass ich die vorliegende schriftliche Arbeit selbstständig verfertigt habe und dass die verwendete Literatur bzw. die verwendeten Quellen von mir korrekt und in nachprüfbarer Weise zitiert worden sind. Mir ist bewusst, dass ich bei einem Verstoß gegen diese Regeln mit Konsequenzen zu rechnen habe. Mag. Martin Prikoszovich Wien, am __________ ______________________________ Datum Unterschrift 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Danksagung 5 2 Einleitung 6 2.1 Gegenstand der Arbeit 6 2.2. Wissenschaftliches Erkenntnisinteresse und zentrale Forschungsfrage 7 3 Politische Führung im geschichtlichen Kontext 8 3.1 Antike (Platon, Aristoteles, Demosthenes) 9 3.2 Niccolò Machiavelli 10 4 Strukturmerkmale des Regierens 10 4.1 Verhandlungs- und Wettbewerbsdemokratie 12 4.2 Konsensdemokratie/Konkordanzdemokratie/Proporzdemokratie 15 4.3 Konfliktdemokratie/Konkurrenzdemokratie 16 4.4 Kanzlerdemokratie 18 4.4.1 Bundeskanzler Deutschland vs. Bundeskanzler Österreich 18 4.4.1.1 Der österreichische Bundeskanzler 18 4.4.1.2. Der Bundeskanzler in Deutschland 19 4.5 Parteiendemokratie 21 4.6 Koalitionsdemokratie 23 4.7 Mediendemokratie 23 5 Politische Führung und Regierungsstil 26 5.1 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 35 6 Die Österreichische Volkspartei 35 6.1 Die Struktur der ÖVP 36 6.1.1. Der Wirtschaftsbund 37 6.1.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Austria Austria’S Place in Europe and the World
    Global Austria Austria’s Place in Europe and the World Günter Bischof, Fritz Plasser (Eds.) Anton Pelinka, Alexander Smith, Guest Editors CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | Volume 20 innsbruck university press Copyright ©2011 by University of New Orleans Press, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, ED 210, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA. www.unopress.org. Book design: Lindsay Maples Cover cartoon by Ironimus (1992) provided by the archives of Die Presse in Vienna and permission to publish granted by Gustav Peichl. Published in North America by Published in Europe by University of New Orleans Press Innsbruck University Press ISBN 978-1-60801-062-2 ISBN 978-3-9028112-0-2 Contemporary Austrian Studies Sponsored by the University of New Orleans and Universität Innsbruck Editors Günter Bischof, CenterAustria, University of New Orleans Fritz Plasser, Universität Innsbruck Production Editor Copy Editor Bill Lavender Lindsay Maples University of New Orleans University of New Orleans Executive Editors Klaus Frantz, Universität Innsbruck Susan Krantz, University of New Orleans Advisory Board Siegfried Beer Helmut Konrad Universität Graz Universität
    [Show full text]
  • Austrian Federalism in Comparative Perspective
    CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | VOLUME 24 Bischof, Karlhofer (Eds.), Williamson (Guest Ed.) • 1914: Aus tria-Hungary, the Origins, and the First Year of World War I War of World the Origins, and First Year tria-Hungary, Austrian Federalism in Comparative Perspective Günter Bischof AustrianFerdinand Federalism Karlhofer (Eds.) in Comparative Perspective Günter Bischof, Ferdinand Karlhofer (Eds.) UNO UNO PRESS innsbruck university press UNO PRESS innsbruck university press Austrian Federalism in ŽŵƉĂƌĂƟǀĞWĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ Günter Bischof, Ferdinand Karlhofer (Eds.) CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | VOLUME 24 UNO PRESS innsbruck university press Copyright © 2015 by University of New Orleans Press All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage nd retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, LA 138, 2000 Lakeshore Drive. New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA. www.unopress.org. Printed in the United States of America Book design by Allison Reu and Alex Dimeff Cover photo © Parlamentsdirektion Published in the United States by Published and distributed in Europe University of New Orleans Press by Innsbruck University Press ISBN: 9781608011124 ISBN: 9783902936691 UNO PRESS Publication of this volume has been made possible through generous grants from the the Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration, and Foreign Affairs in Vienna through the Austrian Cultural Forum in New York, as well as the Federal Ministry of Economics, Science, and Research through the Austrian Academic Exchange Service (ÖAAD). The Austrian Marshall Plan Anniversary Foundation in Vienna has been very generous in supporting Center Austria: The Austrian Marshall Plan Center for European Studies at the University of New Orleans and its publications series.
    [Show full text]
  • Letters from Vidin: a Study of Ottoman Governmentality and Politics of Local Administration, 1864-1877
    LETTERS FROM VIDIN: A STUDY OF OTTOMAN GOVERNMENTALITY AND POLITICS OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATION, 1864-1877 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Mehmet Safa Saracoglu ***** The Ohio State University 2007 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Carter Vaughn Findley, Adviser Professor Jane Hathaway ______________________ Professor Kenneth Andrien Adviser History Graduate Program Copyright by Mehmet Safa Saracoglu 2007 ABSTRACT This dissertation focuses on the local administrative practices in Vidin County during 1860s and 1870s. Vidin County, as defined by the Ottoman Provincial Regulation of 1864, is the area that includes the districts of Vidin (the administrative center), ‛Adliye (modern-day Kula), Belgradcık (Belogradchik), Berkofça (Bergovitsa), İvraca (Vratsa), Rahova (Rahovo), and Lom (Lom), all of which are located in modern-day Bulgaria. My focus is mostly on the post-1864 period primarily due to the document utilized for this dissertation: the copy registers of the county administrative council in Vidin. Doing a close reading of these copy registers together with other primary and secondary sources this dissertation analyzes the politics of local administration in Vidin as a case study to understand the Ottoman governmentality in the second half of the nineteenth century. The main thesis of this study contends that the local inhabitants of Vidin effectively used the institutional framework of local administration ii in this period of transformation in order to devise strategies that served their interests. This work distances itself from an understanding of the nineteenth-century local politics as polarized between a dominating local government trying to impose unprecedented reforms designed at the imperial center on the one hand, and an oppressed but nevertheless resistant people, rebelling against the insensitive policies of the state on the other.
    [Show full text]
  • Confidential: for Review Only
    BMJ Confidential: For Review Only Does the stress of politics kill? An observational study comparing premature mortality of elected leaders to runner-ups in national elections of 8 countries Journal: BMJ Manuscript ID BMJ.2015.029691 Article Type: Christmas BMJ Journal: BMJ Date Submitted by the Author: 02-Oct-2015 Complete List of Authors: Abola, Matthew; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Olenski, Andrew; Harvard Medical School, Health Care Policy Jena, Anupam; Harvard Medical School, Health Care Policy Keywords: premature mortality, politics https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/bmj Page 1 of 46 BMJ 1 2 3 Does the stress of politics kill? An observational study comparing accelerated 4 5 6 mortality of elected leaders to runners-up in national elections of 17 countries 7 8 Confidential: For Review Only 9 10 1 2 3 11 Andrew R. Olenski, B.A., Matthew V. Abola, B.A., , Anupam B. Jena, M.D, Ph.D. 12 13 14 15 1 Research assistant, Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, 180 16 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. Email: [email protected] . 17 18 2 19 Medical student, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2109 Adelbert 20 Rd., Cleveland, OH 44106. Phone: 216-286-4923; Email: [email protected]. 21 22 3 Associate Professor, Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, 180 23 24 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; Tel: 617-432-8322; Department of Medicine, 25 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and National Bureau of Economic 26 Research, Cambridge, MA. Email: [email protected]. 27 28 29 30 31 Corresponding author from which reprints should be requested: 32 33 Anupam Jena, M.D., Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Magic of Belgrade – a City Where Heritage Meets the Modern1
    The Magic of Belgrade – A City Where Heritage Meets the Modern1 Ljiljana Markovic, University of Belgrade, Serbia Biljana Djoric Francuski, University of Belgrade, Serbia Bosko Francuski, University of Belgrade, Serbia The IAFOR Conference on Heritage & the City – New York 2018 Official Conference Proceedings Abstract The capital of Serbia, Belgrade, is a city with a lengthy history dating back to the seventh millennium BC. In the third century BC the Celts named it Singidunum, whereas since the ninth century AD it has been known as Beligrad, meaning The White City. Strategically located on the crossroad between the Occident and the Orient, between the Pannonian Valley and the Balkans, at the confluence of the Danube and the Sava River, this city, in which heritage meets the modern, is also the meeting point of influences from West and East. The city has been depicted by many authors, both Serbian and foreign, but among these literary works stands out the oeuvre of Momo Kapor, who devoted his whole life to writing about and painting scenes of life in Belgrade. Kapor was well known and successful both as a painter, having exhibited his work in renowned galleries in Serbia and abroad, and as a writer, since his forty-odd novels and short story collections are bestsellers in Serbia and have been translated into dozens of foreign languages. In The Magic of Belgrade, Momo Kapor does not only describe the monuments and people of this beautiful city, he even searches for what he calls ‘the spirit of Belgrade’. The purpose of this paper is to pinpoint such elements of Kapor’s work that capture the spirit of the place by reflecting, on the one hand, its heritage and, on the other, its urban growth which has resulted in its modernity.
    [Show full text]
  • MACRO-REGIONAL INTEGRATION – New Scales, Spaces and Governance for Europe?
    MACRO-REGIONAL INTEGRATION – new scales, spaces and governance for Europe? Der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades Dr. rer. nat. vorgelegt von Franziska Sielker aus Meppen Als Dissertation genehmigt von der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 08.02.2017 Vorsitzender des Promotionsorgans: Prof. Dr. Georg Kreimer Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Tobias Chilla Prof. Philip Allmendinger Acknowledgements Approaching and completing a PhD project is not possible without the support of a wide range of people ‘at home’, ‘at work’, and in my case ‘in macro-regions’. I have been very lucky to have received substantial support over the last four years. I would like to extend my thanks to everyone who contributed in one way or the other to my journey. I use this opportunity to place a few personalised thank-you words. In addition, I choose to name ‘places’ that marked important parts of my last years’ journey, and are naturally as well related to people. ‘At work’ - starting with my supervisors, co-authors, examiners and mentors My thanks goes, first, to Tobias Chilla for taking me on board in your new Erlangen team. I still appreciate that you instantly agreed to supervise a PhD thesis on macro-regions. During the last years, we worked on a day-to-day practice in very variable settings. Just to mention a few, you were my chef, my supervisor, my co-author, my project- chef and partner and my mentor. Thank you for providing this particular framework, the working atmosphere and giving me the opportunity to learn from you.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Conclusion
    887 X . FINAL CONCLUSION 1 . THE LONG ROAD TO BRUSSELS: ATTEMPTS, FAILURES AND SUCCESSES – EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FACTORS In the wake of World War I, four great European empires collapsed, and specifically, in chronological order, the Russian Tsarist Empire (1917), the German Empire of the Kaiser (1918), the Habsburg Monarchy (1918), and the Ottoman Empire (1922–23). The political, economic, and psychological consequences for those generations of people who were accustomed to living in those great empires over centuries proved to be catastrophics. That was true in particular for the empire on the Danube. It was not by chance that the “Paneurope” construct of ideas and the movement accompanied by it which had been initiated by Count Richard N. Coudenhove-Kalergi found very fertile ground in Vienna, where the collapse and end of the Habsburg empire was felt especially bitterly in its capital. Added to this was the forced Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) as a foiled Austrian state treaty, which had to be painfully perceived as the outcome of the bankrupt assets of the empire on the Danube. The new republican order was a founding of a state against its will (see chapter I). It was not “Europe”, but rather the German Reich that was regarded as provid- ing room for hope and a future, as was expressed in the Anschluss movement of the 1920s. The victorious powers attempted to suppress this both with the Geneva Protocols (1922) and through the Lausanne Loans (1932) and to cover it with a prohibition against Anschluss of, in each case, twenty years (up to 1942 and 1952, respectively).
    [Show full text]
  • Austrian Debate on EU Enlargement
    ESI’s Who’s Who in the Austrian Debate on EU Enlargement Information and contacts November 2011 Supported by the European Union 2 Communicating Europe: Austria Manual Contents ABOUT THIS MANUAL ............................................................................................................ 3 A. MEDIA ............................................................................................................................... 4 1. ELECTRONIC MEDIA: TV AND RADIO ......................................................................................................4 1.1. ORF ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 1.2. ATV ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 1.3. Puls 4 Austria ........................................................................................................................................ 6 2. PRINT MEDIA: NATIONAL PRINT MEDIA .................................................................................................7 2.1. The quality dailies: Der Standard, Die Presse, Wiener Zeitung, Salzburger Nachrichten .......... 7 2.2. Austrian Boulevard: Neue Kronenzeitung, Kurier and Österreich .................................................. 8 2.3. Weeklies .................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]