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Cambio Climático Y Sus Impactos En El Gran Caribe

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Cambio Climático Y Sus Impactos En El Gran Caribe COLECCIÓN GRUPOS DE TRABAJO Serie Ambiente, cambio climático y sociedad CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO Y SUS IMPACTOS EN EL GRAN CARIBE Jacqueline Laguardia Martínez [Coord.] Cambio climático y sus impactos en el Gran Caribe Laguardia Martínez CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO Y SUS IMPACTOS EN EL GRAN CARIBE Los trabajos que integran este libro fueron sometidos a una evaluación por pares. Cambio climático y sus impactos en el Gran Caribe / Jacqueline Laguardia Martínez ... [et al.] ; coordinación general de Jacqueline Laguardia Martínez. - 1a ed . - Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires : CLACSO, 2020. Libro digital, PDF - (Grupos de trabajo de CLACSO) Archivo Digital: descarga y online ISBN 978-987-722-658-4 1. Climatología. 2. Caribe. I. Laguardia Martínez, Jacqueline, coord. CDD 363.7063 Otros descriptores asignados por CLACSO: Ecología / Cambio Climático / Impacto Ambiental / Gobernanza Ambiental / Impacto Ambiental / Estado / Políticas Públicas / Globalización / Empresas/ Caribe Colección Grupos de Trabajo CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO Y SUS IMPACTOS EN EL GRAN CARIBE Jacqueline Laguardia Martínez (Coord.) Grupo de Trabajo Crisis, respuestas y alternativas en el Gran Caribe Colección Grupos de Trabajo Director de la colección - Pablo Vommaro CLACSO - Secretaría Ejecutiva Karina Batthyány - Secretaria Ejecutiva Nicolás Arata - Director de Formación y Producción Editorial Equipo Editorial María Fernanda Pampín - Directora Adjunta de Publicaciones Lucas Sablich - Coordinador Editorial María Leguizamón - Gestión Editorial Nicolás Sticotti - Fondo Editorial Equipo Rodolfo Gómez, Giovanny Daza, Teresa Arteaga, Tomás Bontempo, Natalia Gianatelli y Cecilia Gofman LIBRERÍA LATINOAMERICANA Y CARIBEÑA DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES CONOCIMIENTO ABIERTO, CONOCIMIENTO LIBRE Los libros de CLACSO pueden descargarse libremente en formato digital o adquirirse en versión impresa desde cualquier lugar del mundo ingresando a www.clacso.org.ar/libreria-latinoamericana Cambio climático y sus impactos en el Gran Caribe (Buenos Aires: CLACSO, julio de 2020) ISBN 978-987-722-658-4 © Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales | Queda hecho el depósito que establece la Ley 11723. No se permite la reproducción total o parcial de este libro, ni su almacenamiento en un sistema informático, ni su transmisión en cualquier forma o por cualquier medio electrónico, mecánico, fotocopia u otros métodos, sin el permiso previo del editor. La responsabilidad por las opiniones expresadas en los libros, artículos, estudios y otras colaboraciones incumbe exclusivamente a los autores firmantes, y su publicación no necesariamente refleja los puntos de vista de la Secretaría Ejecutiva de CLACSO. Los trabajos que integran este libro fueron sometidos a un proceso de evaluación por pares. CLACSO Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales - Conselho Latino-americano de Ciências Sociais Estados Unidos 1168 | C1023AAB Ciudad de Buenos Aires | Argentina Tel [54 11] 4304 9145 | Fax [54 11] 4305 0875 | <[email protected]> | <www.clacso.org> Patrocinado por la Agencia Sueca de Desarrollo Internacional ÍNDICE Jacqueline Laguardia Martínez y Arlene Gómez Palacios Cambio climático y sus impactos en el Gran Caribe. Hacia un diálogo interdisciplinario | 9 Daniel Hernández Rosete La cuenca del Caribe ante el calentamiento global. Crítica a la economía política de los desastres | 19 Jacqueline Laguardia Martínez Los efectos del cambio climático en los PEID caribeños. Propuestas de política para su enfrentamiento | 29 Marlén Sánchez Gutiérrez La arquitectura del financiamiento climático y su relación con la equidad de género | 53 Marta Rosa Muñoz Campos, María Isabel Romero Sarduy y Jorge Alfredo Carballo Concepción La consulta pública como herramienta de las salvaguardas sociales y ambientales. Una propuesta metodológica para proyectos con Enfoque de Adaptación Basada en Ecosistemas y Adaptación Basada en Comunidades (ABE/ABC) | 81 Jorge Alfredo Carballo Concepción, Janet Rojas Martínez y Verónica Polo Jiménez Propuesta metodológica para la determinación de beneficiarios en proyectos con enfoque de adaptación al cambio climático | 95 Jean Yves Lacascade y Raymond Laureano–Ortiz La paradiplomacia climática en el Caribe. Hacia una inserción de los territorios caribeños de la Unión Europea en la cooperación regional | 111 Marisleidys Concepción Pérez El Caribe neerlandés entre la adaptación y la mitigación | 125 Mildred Cabrejas Quintana Sargazos en Antillas francesas. ¿Vector de decolonialidad? | 141 Rosabel Sotolongo Gutiérrez El cambio climático, los impactos en el Caribe y las luchas socio– ambientales | 167 Maritza Islas Vargas “Azote imperialista”, petróleo y cambio climático en el Caribe | 187 José Luis Perelló Cabrera Desarrollo turístico y cambio climático en el Caribe insular. Retos ante una nueva época | 213 Sahilí Cristiá Lara ¿Venas abiertas al cambio climático? Reflexiones desde la relación población-vulnerabilidad. Estudio en contexto | 241 Sandy Yero Arbelo, Juan Manuel Fernández Lorenzo y Armando Caymares Ortiz Comportamiento de la rápida intensificación de los ciclones tropicales en el Gran Caribe. Período 1950-2017 | 273 Sobre las autoras y autores | 295 CamBIO CLIMÁTICO Y SUS ImpaCTos EN EL GRAN CarIBE HACIA UN DIÁlogo INTERDISCIPLINARIO Jacqueline Laguardia Martínez y Arlene Gómez Palacios DE CÓMO SURGIÓ ESTA COMPIlaCIÓN Con el fin de promover el diálogo en función del papel de las polí- ticas públicas en el enfrentamiento al cambio climático en el Gran Caribe, compartir experiencias y buscar alternativas de conjunto, sesionó del 16 al 20 de julio de 2019 el 1er Seminario sobre Cambio Climático y sus impactos en el Gran Caribe en la Universidad de La Habana, Cuba. Organizado por el Grupo de Trabajo de CLACSO “Crisis, Respuestas y Alternativas en el Gran Caribe” (GT CRAGC) de conjunto con la Cátedra de Estudios del Caribe “Norman Girvan” de la Universidad de La Habana y el apoyo de la Fundación Ford y la Oficina Regional para América Latina y el Caribe del Consejo Científico Internacional (ISC ROLAC), el evento contó con la par- ticipación de investigadores, activistas ambientales e intelectua- les del área del Gran Caribe –Cuba, República Dominicana, Haití, Honduras, México y Venezuela–. El edificio Enrique José Varona acogió las jornadas, conferen- cias y debates. Entre las principales ideas compartidas sobresale la necesidad de construir un discurso caribeño, autóctono, sobre el cambio climático y sus impactos en la región del Gran Caribe y, en particular, en el Caribe insular. Esta narrativa propia, que ha de re- conocer la vulnerabilidad particular del Caribe ante los efectos del 9 Jacqueline Laguardia Martínez y Arlene Gómez Palacios cambio climático y para el avance en la senda del desarrollo soste- nible, ha de encauzar la búsqueda de oportunidades en las crisis y el acopio de resiliencia desde esa historia de resistencia que caracteri- za a la región. Trabajar en pos de redefinir la vulnerabilidad al cambio climático en el contexto caribeño y refinar esta categoría, consolidar la comu- nidad de ambientalistas para fortalecer diálogos y acciones, fueron algunas de las más importantes premisas de este encuentro que, más allá del intercambio entre expertos, constituyó un escenario gestor de acciones concretas en función de enfrentar las consecuencias del cambio climático en la región. Como parte de este esfuerzo colectivo de promover, profundizar y expandir la discusión sobre los efectos del cambio climático en las so- ciedades caribeñas, desde una narrativa y perspectivas regionales que den cuenta de nuestras singularidades, preocupaciones, propuestas de solución y visiones de futuro, es que nace esta compilación. El volumen reúne artículos que recorren varios de los temas más discutidos en las jornadas del Seminario. Desde el desafío específi- co que significa el cambio climático para las pequeñas islas hasta un recorrido por los ciclones que han azotado el Gran Caribe, el libro explora varias aristas relacionadas con el cambio climático y los efec- tos devastadores que este significa para los ecosistemas y sociedades caribeñas. Las miradas propuestas entrelazan varias disciplinas, pues el Seminario contó con la asistencia de economistas, demógrafos, sociólogos, geógrafos, periodistas, filósofos, historiadores, que en- riquecieron los debates desde sus campos del saber para propiciar un rico intercambio interdisciplinario con el ánimo de prepararnos mejor para enfrentar los efectos del cambio climático en el presente y el futuro. En la compilación se incluyen además valiosas contribu- ciones de otros miembros del GT CRAGC y cercanos colaboradores de la Cátedra “Norman Girvan” con investigaciones sobre el tema de cambio climático en el Caribe. En este texto introductorio, hemos querido ofrecer un resumen de las principales ideas expuestas en el Seminario, con el propósi- to de contarles sobre el diálogo sostenido entre los participantes y expandir las discusiones con todas las personas que se acerquen a estas páginas. Durante el Seminario, a partir de los temas identifi- cados como recurrentes en los debates, se identificaron ejes trans- versales que atraviesan la naturaleza de buena parte de los inter- cambios y, desde ellos, se articularon las discusiones siempre con el propósito de responder las interrogantes siguientes: ¿Qué hacer con lo aprendido en el Seminario? ¿Cómo dar continuidad al diálogo? A su vez, se profundizó la discusión en las áreas donde se identificaron 10 Cambio climático y sus impactos en el Gran Caribe las mayores urgencias para el aprendizaje de experiencias e inter- cambio
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