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Plurilinguisme, Contact Des Langues Et Expression Francophone En Angola Mona Mpanzu

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Plurilinguisme, Contact Des Langues Et Expression Francophone En Angola Mona Mpanzu Plurilinguisme, contact des langues et expression francophone en Angola Mona Mpanzu To cite this version: Mona Mpanzu. Plurilinguisme, contact des langues et expression francophone en Angola. Linguistique. Université de Franche-Comté, 2015. Français. NNT : 2015BESA1011. tel-01279235 HAL Id: tel-01279235 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01279235 Submitted on 25 Feb 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE DE FRANCHE-COMTE ECOLE DOCTORALE «LANGAGES, ESPACES, TEMPS, SOCIETES» Thèse en vue de l’obtention du titre de docteur en SCIENCES DU LANGAGE PLURILINGUISME, CONTACT DES LANGUES ET EXPRESSION FRANCOPHONE EN ANGOLA Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Mona MPANZU Le 29 juin 2015 Sous la direction de M. le Professeur Serge BORG Membres du jury : - M. Jean-Pierre Cuq, Professeur, université de Nice Sophia Antipolis - Mme Fatima Davin-Chnan, Maître de Conférences - HDR, Aix-Marseille université - M. Mohamed Embarki, Professeur, université de Franche-Comté - M. Serge Borg, Maître de conférences - HDR, université de Franche-Comté, directeur de recherche UNIVERSITE DE FRANCHE-COMTE ECOLE DOCTORALE «LANGAGES, ESPACES, TEMPS, SOCIETES» Thèse en vue de l’obtention du titre de docteur en SCIENCES DU LANGAGE PLURILINGUISME, CONTACT DES LANGUES ET EXPRESSION FRANCOPHONE EN ANGOLA Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Mona MPANZU Le 29 juin 2015 Sous la direction de M. le Professeur Serge BORG Membres du jury : - M. Jean-Pierre Cuq, Professeur, université de Nice Sophia Antipolis - Mme Fatima Davin-Chnan, Maître de Conférences - HDR, Aix-Marseille université - M. Mohamed Embarki, Professeur, université de Franche-Comté - M. Serge Borg, Maître de conférences - HDR, université de Franche-Comté, directeur de recherche Dédicace Toutes les lettres ne sauraient trouver les mots qu’il faut… Tous les mots ne sauraient exprimer la gratitude, l’amour, Le respect, la reconnaissance… Aussi, c’est tout simplement que Je dédie cette thèse à ma très chère épouse, Muzinga Sandra SALUA car elle est fière de me voir accrocher un nouveau grade académique. i REMERCIEMENTS Je tiens tout d'abord à remercier le directeur de cette recherche, M. Serge BORG, pour m'avoir fait confiance malgré les connaissances plutôt légères que j'avais au début sur la dynamique des langues en contact, puis pour m'avoir guidé, encouragé, conseillé, fait beaucoup voyager pendant presque trois ans tout en me laissant une grande liberté et en me faisant l'honneur de me déléguer plusieurs responsabilités dont j'espère avoir été à la hauteur. Mes remerciements vont également à mes collègues enseignants de FLE à l’ISCED de Uíge (Kabutako Lendula Celestino, Mukumbi Bakua, Tuyangalele Kimaku et autres), pour la gentillesse et la patience qu'ils ont manifestées à mon égard durant cette recherche, pour tous les conseils et leurs heures des cours qu'ils ont bien voulu me céder, pour l'hospitalité dont ils ont fait preuve envers moi lors de mes observations de classes, et aussi pour m'avoir fait l'honneur de répondre aux questionnaires d’enquêtes. Je ne sais comment exprimer ma gratitude à ces enseignants autrement qu'en leur promettant d'agir comme eux avec des étudiants dans ma situation, si un jour l'occasion m'en est donnée. Je remercie mon collègue doctorant de l’université de Franche-Comté, John Iliya KIM, pour avoir coopéré avec moi, et pour les conseils stimulants que j'ai eu l'honneur de recevoir de sa part. Je remercie tous ceux sans qui cette thèse ne serait pas ce qu'elle est : aussi bien par les discussions que j'ai eu la chance d'avoir avec eux, leurs suggestions ou contributions. Je pense ici en particulier à mes enseignants de l’ISCED de Luanda, M. Bukusu Ndongala HACHIM, Tuyangalele KIMAKU, Adolfo ZOLANA et Esperança PETERSON qui m'ont largement rendu grâce à leur profonde érudition en sciences de l’éducation et du langage. Ils ont également contribué par leurs nombreuses remarques et suggestions à améliorer mon profil de linguistique et enseignant de français ; je leur en suis très reconnaissant. Enfin, ces remerciements ne seraient pas complets sans mentionner les contributeurs familiaux qui m'ont accompagné durant mon parcours universitaire et surtout la rédaction de cette thèse, ils ont enduré mes absences constantes pour les recherches. Un grand merci à mon épouse Muzinga Sandra SALUA et à mes enfants João Raimundo MPANZU (Raimundinho) et Paracleto Baptista MPANZU ainsi qu’à mes parents João Raimundo MPANZU et Juliana NDONGI qui m’ont donné l’envie et la détermination pour les études. ii RESUME La complexité de la configuration linguistique des plusieurs pays africains mérite un regard neuf sur les phénomènes des langues en contact et de plurilinguisme dans la mesure où elles instaurent de nouvelles dynamiques qu’il convient de prendre en compte, de décrire et d’étudier. En effet, notre recherche axée sur la sociolinguistique et la didactique des langues tente de décrire et d’expliquer un dynamisme linguistique révélateur d’une dynamique identitaire en Angola. Les processus communicatifs que cette étude envisage de mettre en évidence se caractérisent par un éventail de transgressions qu’on tentera d’aborder moins comme des formes déviantes, des écarts à une norme donnée, que comme une (ré)- appropriation des langues en contact dans le champ communicationnel et comme l’affirmation d’une identité plurielle imprimée par les représentations des langues et des positionnements épilinguistiques des locuteurs angolais. L’objectif ici est de déceler les attitudes des locuteurs, leur sens de créativité linguistique et finalement décrire le français pratiqué en Angola, qui suite aux phénomènes de migrations forcées par les guerres civiles et des répressions coloniales, abrite un grand nombre de locuteurs francophones et plurilingues en son sein. MOTS-CLES : plurilinguisme, bilinguisme, langue, langage, communauté linguistique, didactique des langues, politique linguistique, aménagement et planification linguistiques, FLE, sociolinguistique, linguistique. SUMMARY The complexity of the language configuration of several African countries deserves a fresh look at the phenomena of language contact and multilingualism because they introduce new dynamics suitable to be taken into account, to describe and study. Indeed, our research focuses on sociolinguistics and language teaching and it attempts to describe and explain a linguistic dynamism revealing a new form of identity in Angola. Communicative process that this study intends to highlight is characterized by a range of transgressions that we shall attempt to broach not really as distorted forms or disparity of a given standard language. We view them as a (re) -appropriation of languages in contact into the communicative field and as an affirmation of a plural identity revealed by the representations of languages and subconscious positions of Angolan speakers. The objective here is to identify the attitudes of the speakers, their sense of linguistic creativity and finally describe the variety of French language practiced in Angola, country with a large number of French speakers and multilingual therein due to the unprecedented migrations forced by civil wars and colonial repressions. TAGS : multilingualism, bilingualism, language, linguistic community, language teaching, language political, language planning, FFL, sociolinguistics, linguistics iii LISTE DES SIGLES ET ABREVIATIONS ADJ : Adjectif L1 : Langue première, Langue maternelle ADN : Acide désoxyribonucléique L2 : Langue Seconde AFDL : Alliance de Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération L3 : Langue trois (Congo) L4 : langue quatre AN : Austronésienne LBH : Language Bioprogram Hypothesis ANGOP : Angola Press LE : Langue Etrangère ARG : Argot LM : Langue Maternelle CD : Compact Disc LV1 : Langue Vivante 1 CECR : Cadre Européen Commun de LV2 : Langue Vivante 2 Référence LV3 : Langue Vivante 3 CELCO : Centre pour l’Etude des Langues Congolaises MP : Malayo-Polynésiennes CLES : Certificat de Compétition en MPLA : Movimento Popular de Langues de l’Enseignement Supérieur Libertação de Angola CLG : Cours de Linguistique Générale MPR : Mouvement Populaire pour la Révolution COD : Complément d’Objet Direct Nf : Nom Féminin COI : Complément d’Objet Indirect Nm : Nom Masculin COM . ENCYCL : Commentaire Encyclopédique ONU : Organisation des Nations Unis CPLP : Comunidade dos Países de PALOP : País Africano de Língua Oficial Língua Portuguesa Portuguesa DALF : Diplôme Approfondi de Langue RNA : Rádio Nacional de Angola Française SN : Syntagme nominal DELF : Diplôme d’Etude en Langue STAN : Sino-tibétain- Austronésienne Française SYN : Synonyme DVD : Digital Versatile Disc TPA : Televisão Pública de Angola EAO : Enseignement Assisté par l’Ordinateur TV : Télévision FLE : Français Langue Étrangère UNITA : União Nacional para Independência Total de Angola FLES : Français Langue Étrangère et Seconde UPA : União de Povos de Angola FNLA : Frente Nacional de Libertação de UPNA : União das Populações do Norte Angola de Angola FPA : Français Populaire Africain URSS : Union des
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