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ARSC Journal Pre-LP Recordings of RCA at 33 1/3 rpm. through 1931 to 1934 by Ted Fagan Once it had been proved that sound could be reproduced, the next steps entailed improvement of quality, expansion of versatility and increase in the amount of material that could be fitted on the discs or cylinders. Many experiments were made with different playing heads and needles, bigger discs and cylinders, narrower grooves and, finally, slower speeds. This is not the place to enter a study of the differences between the materials used for diaphragms on the playing heads, nor for the manufacture of needles, except for a passing mention of this later. Sizes of the records themselves went from 5 inches to 18 and groove widths varied from 150 per inch to 450. By 1930 the engineers had discovered that a recording speed of 33 1/3 revolutions per minute could be controlled, relied upon and to a large extent, avoided the distortion that usually spoiled the sound when the grooves get closer to the central spindle. In 1931, the company issued brochures and catalogues that announced the advent of a new technique which permitted recordings at this slower speed. One of these catalogues is quoted extensively in Oliver Read and Walter Welch's book From Tin-foil to Stereo (pp. 292 et seq). The crucial portion of the announcement reads: " ••• now the Long Playing Record takes its place in the Victor Catalogue. A policy of recording all major works on both standard and 33 1/3 rpm. records has been adopted. The playing time has been fixed at such length that no sacrifice of musical quality - inevitable if the grooves are carried too near the center of the record - need be made ••• " Commercially, however, the slower playing records were not a great success. Although they could be played with the standard head, very few machines then in peoples' homes could reduce their turn-table speed to 33 1/3 rpm, and since the Depression was at its worst, few were ready to go out and spend good money to purchase new machines. It must also be admitted that the claims for equal, if not superior, quality were not met. Volume, resonance and other elements that go to make up what we know today as 'fidelity' were lost, and although a few major works WERE in fact recorded directly on to discs at the new speed, the major portion of the records made simply turned out to be electrical transcriptions of two or more 78's. One of the important works that was recorded on both standard and LP discs was Schonberg's Gurrelieder, 20 under the direction of that inveterate innovator, Leopold Stokowski. The standard version of his work filled 14 12-inch records which sold at $28 dollars per set, whereas the LP version only took up 7 12-inch discs which sold for $21 including the album. The physical material from which the LP's was made was the same as that used for the standard discs and the gro~ves were the same size, except that the LP's would have to be played with chrome needles which, for some undisclosed reason, were very scarce which did not help to popularize the LP's. However, the advantages of these transcription discs were very soon recognized by radio stations, advertisers and business corporations -­ to say nothing of RCA's own advertisement and management departments. Speeches, talks, and what we might call seminars and sales' pitches were all done and distributed to dealers and associated firms all over the country. As one goes through this, the first comprehensive listing ever done of the pre-LP output of 33 1/3 rpm. records, one gets an amazing picture of the social, commercial and economic changes that were ta.king place. The use of broadcast-quality transcriptions to 'sell the American public' on the uses of electrical equipment, i.e., dishwashers and home appli­ ances, in the early thirties is remarkable. Gradually we see that music for entertainment and home use was eased out and the truly commercial promise of the new record was ushered in. Theaters, movie houses, and, no comparison is intended, funeral parlours were the main beneficiaries -- the pre-LP, if we can call it that, became also the pre-Muzak of the '30' s. NOTES AND COMMENTS ON THE 1931 TO 1934 LISTING OF RCA VICTOR'S PRE-LP - 33 1/3 RPM. RECORDINGS Although the "FIRST SPECIAL DATE FOR LP RECORD AT 33 1/3 RPM" {according to the notation in the Recording Books at RCA states, was .on 21 May 1931 due to the company's policy of allocating blocks of numbers to different studios and locations in the country, matrix number LBRC- 69642 was not the first number, sequentially speaking that was so recorded. For purposes of easy reference, however, I have listed records in numerical order according to assigned matrix number, regardless of dates. The listing is followed by a separate compilation of KNOWN issued LP's by series and, where possible, by description of label and other distinguishing marks. One of the more striking aspects of this series is the variety of 21 prefixes used to designate matrix numbers. Most of the meanings of these have been deciphered in the course of the preparation of the work from which this listing has been culled, that is, THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF RECORDINGS: Part 1: VICTOR which includes every known recording ever made by the company from 1900 to 1950, and which I have been preparing together with Mr. William R. Moran. However, there are still a few unknown uses which I am hoping will be clarified when a more accurate Rosetta Stone is discovered. Generally speaking, these prefixes can be broken down as follows: L - used as a first letter of a matrix no. always indicates LP. B - used as a second letter always indicates a 10" record. C - used as a second letter always indicates a 12" record. RC - used as third and fourth seem to imply the use of RCA Victor equipment. VE - used in these positions seem to imply the use of Western Electric equipment. S - used when in the third position (LBSHQ & LCSHQ) and followed by the HQ shown, indicates the use of Semi High Quality amplifiers. M - if used, indicates a transfer from film to wax - but it will be noted that for the last 4 numbers listed, it was not preceded by the 'L' - yet the books indicate Long Playing Transfer. Albums were supplied for some sets, both in the Manual and the Auto­ matic sequences, LM the former and LAM the latter. The L-1100 series was a Special CUSTOM job undertaken by Victor and is included here for the sake of completion. It is NCYr listed in the main listing. Its contents are as follows: LCS-051559 ANITA BOYER & ORCH: Mr. Meadowlark (Mercer, Donaldson)/ Maybe (Flynn; Madden) (Special for Slide Film Dept.) -1 25 June 1 40 L-1100 LCS-051560 ditto: When the swallows return to Capistrano (Rene)/The Nearness of you (Washington, Carmichael) (ditto) -1 25 June 1 40 L-1100 22 LBS-58978 MATSUNAGA WAFU: Echigo Shishi - Part 1 (rr.fr. 13166 A/B;13167-A)(jap) -1,2 18 Aug. 132 - LBS-58979 ditto - ditto - Part 2 (rr.fr. 13167-B;13168 A/B)(jap) -1,2 18 Aug. '32 - LBS-58980 MATSUODAYA: Tsuri Onna - Part 1 (rr.fr. 13114 A/B;13115-A)(jap) -1,2 18 Aug. '32 - -3 24 Aug. '32 - LBS-58981 ditto - ditto - Part 2 (rr.fr. 13115-B; 13116 A/B)(jap) -1,2 18 Aug. '32 - LBS-58982 ditto - ditto - Part 3 {rr.fr. 13116-B; 13117 A/B)(jap) -1 18 Aug. '32 - -2,3 24 Aug. '32 - LBS-58984 ditto - ditto - Part 4 (rr.fr. 13118 A/B){jap) -1,2 18 Aug. '32 - LBS-58985 EN.nIDAYU: Jasma - Part 1 {rr.fr. 5800 A/B; 5801-1A)(jap) -1,2 24 Aug. '32 - LBS-58986 ditto - ditto - Part 2 {rr.fr. 5801-B; 5802 A/B)(jap) I\) -1,2 24 Aug. '32 - l..oJ LBS-58987 ditto - ditto - Part 3 {rr.fr. 5803 A/B)(jap) -1,2 24 Aug. '32 - LBS-58988 RAY NOBIE & HIS ORCH: Live, laugh and love (rr.fr. Ob-2482/2483: 22964 A/B) -1,2 25 Aug. '32 - LBS-58989 Rerec.fr.V-6171 A/B; V-1672 A/B (Od-.547/546; EG-2410) -1,2,3 29 Aug. '32 - LCS-58991 BOSTON SYMPHONY ORCH KOUSSEVITZKY: Symph. No. 6 in B minor (Pathetique) (Tchaikowsky Op. 7 rr.fr.7295 AB -1,2,J. 13 Sept. '32 - L-11640 L-11714 LCS-59001 ditto - ditto - {rr.fr.7294 A/B) -1,2,J. 5 Jan. '33 - L-11640 L-11713 LFS-59008 .AETNA AUDITIONS for Artist & Repertory Dept. -1,2 29 .Sept. '32 - LBS-59015 Rerec. for VTM Co. of Japan of BVE-73331/BVE-73328: SHILKRET'S ORCH -1,2 6 Oct. '32 - LCS-590.54 SALON ORCH/ROHMER: Potpourri fr. LAND OF SMILES (rr.fr. Clr-5709/5710) -1_, 2 2 Nov. '32 - L-35003 LCS-.590.5.5 MAREK WEBER & HIS ORCH: Ballet Egyptien (rr. fr. Blr-.5922/.5923/.5924/.592.5) -1 2 Nov. '32 - L-3.5003 LCVE-67.543- PHILADELPHIA S.O. STOKOWSKI: Symph. No . .5 in C minor (Beethoven Op. 67) 1st & 2nd Movements fr. perf. at Academy of Music, Philadelphia) -1 1.5 July '31 - L-7001 LCVE-67.544- ditto - ditto - 3rd & 4th Movements (ditto) -1 1.5 July '31 - L-7001 LCVE-69038- Multi-selection - Special record for Slot Machines (for Mr.
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