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Weaving a New Web of Life

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Weaving a New Web of Life WEAVING A NEW WEB OF LIFE Philippine indigenous peoples lead the way in an innovative partnership to strengthen their self-reliance and promote their heritage in a changing world INDISCO Case Study No. 7 Yasmin D. Arquiza INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION INTER-REGIONAL PROGRAMME TO SUPPORT SELF-RELIANCE OF INDIGENOUS AND TRIBAL COMMUNITIES THROUGH COOPERATIVES AND OTHER SELF-HELP ORGANIZATIONS (INDISCO) This study was done under the auspices of the ILO-INDISCO Programme which aims at assisting indigenous and tribal peoples worldwide in their development with financial contributions from DANIDA, the Netherlands, UNDP, AGFUND,UNV, CIDA, Rabobank Foundation (Netherlands) and International Philippine Association. Foreword & Acknowledgment The ILO-INDISCO Programme was launched in the Philippines in 1994 in collaboration with the Philippine Government. It is a multi-bilateral technical cooperation undertaking aimed at strengthening the self-reliance of indigenous and tribal communities and testing innovative approaches to indigenous people’s development. In order to achieve its objectives, it has facilitated the operation of 12 pilot projects located in strategic areas of the country. These pilot projects involve indigenous communities in various stages of development and different levels of cultural integrity. They have already been in operation for an average of 3.5 years and regular INDISCO technical and financial support has been phased out from most of them. As a strategy, INDISCO Philippines capitalized on the inherent sense of self- reliance and native technology of the partner communities. Community organizations, which are founded on existing indigenous institutions, were tapped to implement the project activities with facilitative technical and financial assistance from the INDISCO Programme. Through their own community organizations, the indigenous peoples were given the opportunity to plan, implement and monitor their community development activities. For purposes of discovering in a systematic and objective manner the initial results of the programme, Ms Yasmin D. Arquiza, a fellow of the Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism and editorial director of Bandillo ng Palawan, recently documented the lessons learned and best practices generated from the pilot projects. ILO-INDISCO national coordinator Domingo I. Nayahangan edited the text prior to publication. This book was written on the basis of information, ideas and opinions provided by the people who have been involved in the implementation of the ILO-INDISCO programme in the Philippines. Special thanks go to all of them, particularly the tribal leaders and project staff of the indigenous communities in the 12 pilot projects. It is hoped that through this book, the above-mentioned lessons learned and best practices generated under the programme in terms of innovative approaches to indigenous peoples development could be disseminated and replicated. Werner Konrad Blenk Director, ILO Manila Office 1 ILO BOOK FINAL2.p65 1 29.10.01, 14:39 CONTENTS I.I. The Changing Scene .................................................................................................. 66 Centuries of colonization and waves of migration have radically altered the lives of indigenous people all over the Philippines. Missionaries have penetrated the most remote of forest abodes. Internal armed conflict has brought violence into otherwise peaceful villages. Ethnic unrest continues to rage in the countryside, causing uncertainty and economic hardship. Ill-planned development programs and assistance have failed to ease the poverty in many indigenous communities. In this context of rapid change, the INDISCO programme started introducing a new concept of community development partnership in 12 pilot project sites. II.II. Changing Lives .............................................................................................................. 1616 Five years after the launching of the pilot projects, INDISCO has brought significant changes in the lives of indigenous peoples in most of the sites. Through its innovative approach that emphasized collective responsibility and discouraged the dole-out mentality, INDISCO managed to instill a sense of community ownership of the project. Many of the partner communities are well on their way towards sustained decent work, higher family income, increased sense of responsibility over the environment and natural resources within ancestral domains, and greater gender awareness. Most importantly, better appreciation of indigenous knowledge systems and practices has been fostered to ensure the cultural survival of tribal communities. The positive impact of the project shows the validity of the approach employed by the programme, where the partner communities are allowed to take greater control of the project and learn from their mistakes, and successful ventures as well. Learning How To Fish .......................................................................... 22 The Music of the Fish ............................................................................ 33 Nature´s Stewards .................................................................................. 38 On Their Own ............................................................................................ 42 A World of Men and Women ...................................................... 48 Counting the Face of Rizal .............................................................. 52 2 ILO BOOK FINAL2.p65 2 29.10.01, 14:39 III.III. Changing Communities .................................................................................. 54 Among the partner communities, some have exhibited the most successful application of the project’s strategies and components. These best practices are showcased in this section. Among the initiatives that are replicable in other communities are the gender awareness programs in Baguio City, the innovative use of the Revolving Loan Funds in Tawi-Tawi, management of ancestral domain in Bakun, the preservation of indigenous handicraft in the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao, and the literacy program in Bukidnon. Ancestral Domain Management .................................................. 57 Revolving Loan Fund ............................................................................ 63 Traditional Handicraft .......................................................................... 65 Gender Awareness .................................................................................. 70 Functional Literacy .................................................................................. 7171 IV.IV. Changing People ...................................................................................................... 7474 In every project, difficulties are encountered that lead to deep reflections and acceptance of lessons on the part of beneficiaries. In this section, partner communities candidly discussed some of their mistakes as well as their perceptions on what could be the weaknesses of the project. They also provided insights, analysis, and suggestions for addressing these concerns. Marketing of Products ........................................................................ 76 Promoting Indigenous Knowledge .......................................... 78 Repayment of Loans .............................................................................. 80 Project Management .............................................................................. 82 Strengthening Local Organizations .......................................... 84 Logistical Concerns ................................................................................ 85 Tenurial Security ........................................................................................ 86 Peace & Order ............................................................................................ 87 V. Changing the World .............................................................................................. 88 What else can government, private organizations, and donor agencies do to help the indigenous peoples improve their lives? Tribal leaders share their ideas on policy recommendations that can go a long way in preserving and pursuing the initial gains of the INDISCO project. 3 ILO BOOK FINAL2.p65 3 29.10.01, 14:39 4 ILO BOOK FINAL2.p65 4 29.10.01, 14:39 GLOSSARY OF TERMS ADMP Ancestral Domain Management Plan ADSPP Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development & Protection Plan BITO Bakun Indigenous Tribes Organization CADC Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claim CADT Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title CALT Certificate of Ancestral Land Title DA Department of Agriculture DAR Department of Agrarian Reform DECS Department of Education, Culture, and Sports DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources FEMMATRICs Federation of Matigsalog-Manobo Tribal Councils IKSP Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices ILO International Labour Organization IPRA Indigenous Peoples Rights Act MALEI Matigsalog Literacy Education Inc. MALTRICO Malungon Tribal Congress NCIP National Commission on Indigenous Peoples RLF Revolving Loan Fund 5 ILO BOOK FINAL2.p65 5 29.10.01, 14:39 6 ILO BOOK FINAL2.p65 6 29.10.01, 14:39 A weaver begins her task by selecting the finest threads that will suit the design she has in mind. The choice of material is important, as it determines the quality of the finished product. Other elements such as dye and wax are also necessary to complete the process. In the past,
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