Explorations 2011 Final 2

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Explorations 2011 Final 2 EXPLORATIONS a graduate student journal of southeast asian studies Volume 11 Spring 2011 Type to enter text Anthony Medrano. Ipoh. Malaysia IN THIS ISSUE: Indio Contributions to the Acapulco-Manila Galleon Trade ANDREW PETERSON | Jose E. Marco’s Kalantiaw Code MAUREEN CRISTIN S. JUSTINIANO | Dansuer Bantugen DESIREE QUINTERO | Toward the Intellectualization of Ilokano ABRAHAM R. FLORES JR. | Arakan and Its Bay-of-Bengal Connectivities RICHARD FORSTER | The “History of Nation-Building” Series CHI TIM HO | Paper Money in Phnom Penh SOVATHA ANN | The New Generation of Women Writers from the Pesantren Tradition NOR ISMAH | Historical Memory in Ariya Cam-Bini and Ariya Bini-Cam WILLIAM NOSEWORTHY | Theravada Buddhism among the Shan TAKASHI HASHIMOTO | Of Cyclones and Constitutions DOMINIC J. NARDI JR. | The Unkindest Cut JOHN GRENNAN | Reminiscences of my Fieldwork Experience in Cambodia and Vietnam THIEN-HUONG NINH EXPLORATIONS: a graduate student journal of southeast asian studies Volume 11 | Issue 1 | Spring 2011 Contents New Research in Philippine Studies What Really Made the World Go Around?: Indio Contributions to the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade!! 3 -Andrew Peterson Jose E. Marco’s Kalantiaw Code: Implications for Philippine Historiography and Filipino’s Historical Consciousness !!!!!!!!! 19 -Maureen Cristin S. Justiniano Dansuer Bantugen: Gendering of the Filipino Hero !!!!!! 31 -Desiree Quintero Toward the Intellectualization of Ilokano: Practices and Philosophies!!!!! 51 -Abraham R. Flores, Jr. Articles Magh Marauders, Portuguese Pirates, White Elephants and Persian Poets: Arakan and Its Bay-of-Bengal Connectivities in the Early Modern Era!!!!! 63 -Richard Forster The “History of Nation-Building” Series and Southeast Asian Historiography!!!! 81 -Chi Tim Ho Paper Money in Phnom Penh: Beyond the Sino-Khmer Tradition!!!!! 93 -Sovatha Ann The New Generation of Women Writers from the Pesantren Tradition in Indonesia !! ! ! 105 -Nor Ismah Research Notes and Travel Essays Ilimo Campa: Historical Memory in Ariya Cam-Bini and Ariya Bini-Cam!! ! ! ! 121 -William Noseworthy Theravada Buddhism among the Shan:Transformations in the Shan Monastic Lifecycle & Shan Community!! 129 -Takashi Hashimoto Of Cyclones and Constitutions: Notes from the Field!!!!!! 135 -Dominic J. Nardi, Jr. The Unkindest Cut!!!!!!!!! 141 -John Grennan Crossing Borders, Crossing Cultures: Reminiscences of my Fieldwork Experiences in Cambodia and Vietnam! ! 145 -Thien-Huong Ninh Book Reviews Thơ Kể: Tuyển Tập Thơ Tân Hình Thức Ẫn Bản Song Ngữ. By Tho Ke! !!!! 147 -William Noseworthy For Better or For Worse: Vietnamese International Marriages in the New Global Economy.By Hung Cam Thai! 149 -Thien-Huong Ninh Dear readers – Welcome to EXPLORATIONS: a graduate student journal of southeast asian studies. This year, the editorial staff is happy to announce a Philippine focus as a sign of our gratitude to the two departing direc- tors of the Center for Philippine Studies, Drs. Belinda Aquino and Ricardo Trimillos. In addition, we have a wide variety of topics in this issue ranging from Cam manuscripts to Bay-of-Bengal connectivities to Indonesian chic lit. Coupled with our Philippine focus, we are proud to say that nearly the entire geography of Southeast Asia, in one way or another, is included within the covers of our journal. We are pleased to provide this intellectual forum and look forward to supporting graduate scholarship in dynamic and innovative ways. ! Editor, ! Anthony Medrano EXPLORATIONS can be accessed on-line at: http://www.cseashawaii.com/wordpress/explorations/ EXPLORATIONS is a student publication of the Southeast Editor Asian Studies Student Association in conjunction with the Cen- Anthony Medrano ter for Southeast Asian Studies at the University of Hawai`i at Mānoa and partially funded by the Student Activity and Program Fee Board at the University of Hawai‘i. Editorial Staff Erniyawanti Adam The principle mission of EXPLORATIONS is to offer a forum for students to present disciplinary and interdisciplinary research Bryce Beemer on a broad range of issues relating principally to the region which Ryan Buco today constitutes Southeast Asia. Embracing both the diversity of Kevin Lasater academic interests and scholastic expertise, it is hoped that this forum will introduce students to the work of their colleagues, Dave Lopes encourage discussion both within and across disciplines, and Jo Ann Sakaguchi foster a sense of community among those interested in Southeast Tani Sebro Asia. Charmaine Wong The views expressed in EXPLORATIONS are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the editorial board. If you have interest in participating in the production of EXPLORA- CSEAS Coordinator TIONS or have questions, comments, or submissions, please Paul Rausch contact the editors at: [email protected], or EXPLORA- ā TIONS c/o CSEAS, University of Hawai`i at M noa, 1890 East- Design and Layout Support West Road, Honolulu, Hawai`i 96822. Bryce Beemer Anthony Medrano Please visit us on the web at: http://www.cseashawaii.com/wordpress/explorations/ Andrew Peterson What Really Made the World go Around?: Indio Contributions to the Acapulco-Manila Galleon Trade ANDREW PETERSON University of Hawaii at Manoa Introduction seventeenth centuries.4 Such numbers have led many The importance of the Manila-Acapulco trade to the world historians—Flynn and Girladez especially—to view silver as a commodity of utmost importance to the early development of the early-modern world economy is modern world economy. For Andre Gunder Frank, sil- undeniable. Many historians, foremost Dennis O. Flynn ver was the catalyst for the formation of a global eco- and Arturo Giráldez, have convincingly argued that the nomic network, and “silver money was the blood that arrival of the first Spanish settlers to the Philippines and the opening of the port of flowed thorough its circula- tory system and oiled the Manila in 1571 marked the wheels of production and inception of a globalized exchange.”5 In short, world economy.1 The trans- “Money went around [the Pacific trade route turned Manila into a center of world] and made the world go round.”6 The galleon global trade in a matter of trade was a vital link in this years. As early as the 1580s global silver exchange, con- the port city of Manila be- necting the rich mines at came a veritable clearing- house for goods from all Potosí and Lima to the silver-hungry markets of over East and Southeast East Asia. Asia. Spices, porcelains, gunpowder, rice, fruits, However, academic works exotic birds, silk, and gold that focus on the broader ornaments flowed through picture of trade, silver, and Manila Bay, as did Spanish, the global economic sig- Malay, Japanese, and Chi- nificance of Manila in the nese merchants.2 However, early modern period leave during the seventeenth cen- many aspects of Spain’s tury, the bulk of trade cen- presence in the Philippines tered around the exchange unexamined. Histories of of Spanish silver for Chinese the galleon trade should A Spanish Galleons in Southeast Asia silks, with as many as thirty to not allow the “silk-for- forty Chinese ocean-going silver” trade to command vessels arriving annually in Manila to trade.3 Though the too much attention, important though it was to the exact figures are impossible to calculate, it is likely that development of the global economy. Spaniards unloaded as much as 2,000,000 pesos (51.12 By looking past the macroeconomics and global tons) of silver at Manila annually in the late sixteenth and ramifications of the galleon trade this paper instead Volume 11, Issue 1, Spring 2011 3 Indio Contributions to the Acapulco-Manila Galleon Trade asks, what made the galleon trade possible in the first tion of Manila in the early seventeenth century at a place? How was Spain able to overcome the tremen- mere 300, and prior to 1700 Spaniards never num- dous logistical obstacles to establish and maintain a bered more than 2,000.8 But to maintain a foothold in foothold on the far side of the Pacific? One must ad- the East Indies required a strong navy, which required dress these questions by surveying the vital contribu- a large workforce. The need for ocean-going vessels tions the native indos of the Philippines made to the was all the more great in the Philippines, an archipel- galleon trade.7 The indios served as the laborers, ship- ago of hundreds of islands. To maintain a fleet as large wrights, mariners, navigators, deckhands, and sol- as Spain needed in the Philippines required thousands diers—often taking on duties the Spanish were either of laborers. After the arduous crossing of the Pacific, a unwilling or unable to fulfill. By the sixteenth century, distance of roughly 9,000 miles, most galleons that the indios’ intimate involvement with the galleon trade survived to reach Manila Bay from New Spain were in extended across the Pacific, with diaspora communities no condition to attempt a return voyage, with their of indio shipwrights, merchants, and runaway crewmen hulls split, swollen, and worm-eaten, and rotten rig- emerging along the coasts of México and California. ging and sails. Galleons looking to make the return voyage to Acapulco either faced months of extensive While there can be no mistaking the fact that the renovations, or were scrapped, and any useful materi- Spanish provided the impetus in inaugurating the als salvaged were put towards the construction of an trans-Pacific trade by setting out across the Mar del entirely new vessel. The indios, organized through the Sur and establishing a colonial presence at both ends of polo labor system imposed by the Spanish, were the the route, one must resist viewing the Acapulco-Manila ones who felled and transported all the timber, manned galleon trade as wholly a Spanish enterprise. Likewise, the shipyards, conducted repairs, and built the majority one must not allow the big picture, in this case the of Spain’s trans-Pacific galleons and inter-island craft.
Recommended publications
  • THE PHILIPPINES, 1942-1944 James Kelly Morningstar, Doctor of History
    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: WAR AND RESISTANCE: THE PHILIPPINES, 1942-1944 James Kelly Morningstar, Doctor of History, 2018 Dissertation directed by: Professor Jon T. Sumida, History Department What happened in the Philippine Islands between the surrender of Allied forces in May 1942 and MacArthur’s return in October 1944? Existing historiography is fragmentary and incomplete. Memoirs suffer from limited points of view and personal biases. No academic study has examined the Filipino resistance with a critical and interdisciplinary approach. No comprehensive narrative has yet captured the fighting by 260,000 guerrillas in 277 units across the archipelago. This dissertation begins with the political, economic, social and cultural history of Philippine guerrilla warfare. The diverse Islands connected only through kinship networks. The Americans reluctantly held the Islands against rising Japanese imperial interests and Filipino desires for independence and social justice. World War II revealed the inadequacy of MacArthur’s plans to defend the Islands. The General tepidly prepared for guerrilla operations while Filipinos spontaneously rose in armed resistance. After his departure, the chaotic mix of guerrilla groups were left on their own to battle the Japanese and each other. While guerrilla leaders vied for local power, several obtained radios to contact MacArthur and his headquarters sent submarine-delivered agents with supplies and radios that tie these groups into a united framework. MacArthur’s promise to return kept the resistance alive and dependent on the United States. The repercussions for social revolution would be fatal but the Filipinos’ shared sacrifice revitalized national consciousness and created a sense of deserved nationhood. The guerrillas played a key role in enabling MacArthur’s return.
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Collecting the People: Textualizing Epics in Philippine History from the Sixteenth Century to the Twenty-First Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/61q8p086 Author Reilly, Brandon Joseph Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Collecting the People: Textualizing Epics in Philippine History from the Sixteenth Century to the Twenty-First A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Brandon Joseph Reilly 2013 © Copyright by Brandon Joseph Reilly 2013 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Collecting the People: Textualizing Epics in Philippine History from the Sixteenth Century to the Twenty-First by Brandon Joseph Reilly Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2012 Professor Michael Salman, Chair My dissertation, “Collecting the People: Textualizing Epics in Philippine History from the Sixteenth Century to the Twenty-First,” examines the study and uses of oral epics in the Philippines from the late 1500s to the present. State institutions and cultural activists uphold epics linked to the pre-colonial era as the most culturally authentic, ancient, and distinctive form of Filipino literature. These “epics” originated as oral traditions performed by culturally diverse groups. Before they could be read, they had to be written down and translated into, first, the colonial language of Spanish, and later, the national languages of English and Filipino. Beginning from the earliest Spanish colonial times, I examine the longer history of writing about, describing, summarizing, and beginning in the late nineteenth century, transcribing the diverse sorts of oral narratives that only in the twentieth century came to be called epics.
    [Show full text]
  • Reflections on Agoncilloʼs the Revolt of the Masses and the Politics of History
    Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 49, No. 3, December 2011 Reflections on Agoncilloʼs The Revolt of the Masses and the Politics of History Reynaldo C. ILETO* Abstract Teodoro Agoncilloʼs classic work on Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan revolt of 1896 is framed by the tumultuous events of the 1940s such as the Japanese occupation, nominal independence in 1943, Liberation, independence from the United States, and the onset of the Cold War. Was independence in 1946 really a culmination of the revolution of 1896? Was the revolution spearheaded by the Communist-led Huk movement legitimate? Agoncilloʼs book was written in 1947 in order to hook the present onto the past. The 1890s themes of exploitation and betrayal by the propertied class, the rise of a plebeian leader, and the revolt of the masses against Spain, are implicitly being played out in the late 1940s. The politics of hooking the present onto past events and heroic figures led to the prize-winning manuscriptʼs suppression from 1948 to 1955. Finally seeing print in 1956, it provided a novel and timely reading of Bonifacio at a time when Rizalʼs legacy was being debated in the Senate and as the Church hierarchy, priests, intellectuals, students, and even general public were getting caught up in heated controversies over national heroes. The circumstances of how Agoncilloʼs work came to the attention of the author in the 1960s are also discussed. Keywords: Philippine Revolution, Andres Bonifacio, Katipunan society, Cold War, Japanese occupation, Huk rebellion, Teodoro Agoncillo, Oliver Wolters Teodoro Agoncilloʼs The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan is one of the most influential books on Philippine history.
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 PHILIPPINE CINEMA HERITAGE Summita Report
    2013 PHILIPPINE CINEMA HERITAGE SUMMIT a report Published by National Film Archives of the Philippines Manila, 2013 Executive Offi ce 26th fl r. Export Bank Plaza Sen Gil Puyat Ave. cor. Chino Roces, Makati City, Philippines 1200 Phone +63(02) 846 2496 Fax +63(02) 846 2883 Archive Operations 70C 18th Avenue Murphy, Cubao Quezon City, Philippines 1109 Phone +63 (02) 376 0370 Fax +63 (02) 376 0315 [email protected] www.nfap.ph The National Film Archives of the Philippines (NFAP) held the Philippine Cinema Heritage Summit to bring together stakeholders from various fi elds to discuss pertinent issues and concerns surrounding our cinematic heritage and plan out a collaborative path towards ensuring the sustainability of its preservation. The goal was to engage with one another, share information and points of view, and effectively plan out an inclusive roadmap towards the preservation of our cinematic heritage. TABLE OF CONTENTS PROGRAM SCHEDULE ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSION 2, COLLABORATING TOWARDS 6 23 SUSTAINABILITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY NOTES ON 7 24 SUSTAINABILITY OPENING REMARKS ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS in the wake of the 2013 Philippine Cinema 9 26 Heritage Summit ARCHITECTURAL CLOSING REMARKS 10 DESIGN CONCEPT 33 NFAP REPORT SUMMIT EVALUATION 13 2011 & 2012 34 A BRIEF HISTORY OF PARTICIPANTS ARCHIVAL ADVOCACY 14 FOR PHILIPPINE CINEMA 35 ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSION 1, PHOTOS ASSESSING THE FIELD: REPORTS FROM PHILIPPINE A/V ARCHIVES 21 AND STAKEHOLDERS 37 A BRIEF HISTORY OF ARCHIVAL ADVOCACY FOR PHILIPPINE CINEMA1 Bliss Cua Lim About the Author: Bliss Cua Lim is Associate Professor of Film and Media Studies and Visual Studies at the University of California, Irvine and a Visiting Research Fellow in the Center for Southeast Asian Studies at Kyoto University.
    [Show full text]
  • Module 1: Arts and Crafts of Mindanao
    Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula 7 Zest for Progress Zeal of Partnership ARTS Quarter 3 - Module 1: Arts and Crafts of Mindanao Name of Learner: ___________________________ Grade & Section: ___________________________ Name of School: ___________________________ WHAT I NEED TO KNOW In this module, you will be learning the different arts and crafts of Mindanao – the salient features of arts of Mindanao by showing the relationship of the elements of arts and processes among the diverse cultural communities in the country. Thus, you will also learn how lines, shapes, forms, value, color, texture and space give more meaning and significance to an artwork. This module will help you explore the arts of people of Mindanao and how animism and the Islamic religion fused together and produced a uniquely Filipino artistic tradition. The arts and crafts of Mindanao include their cultural attire, textiles, tapestries, crafts, accessories and body ornaments which are a combination of designs from indigenous people that resides in the regions and the colorful and rich influence from their indigenous belief system. Most of their crafts are made of materials that are abundant in their areas. Their designs are derived from their surroundings and represent their cultural community. Some are used for religious activities while some have utilitarian functions and even became large industry for them. Even until now, the skills in weaving, sculpting and crafting have been an important part of their community. Thus, these become the people’s way of living and their means of survival. These are passed on from generation to generation.
    [Show full text]
  • Al Khalifa (The Steward)
    AL KHALIFA (THE STEWARD) What Every Muslim Needs to Know about His Role in Environmental Governance اﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ Al Khalifa (The Steward) What Every Muslim Needs to Know About His Role in Environmental Governance With an Endorsement by Sheikh Abdulwakil Tanjilil Director General/Deputy Mufti for Western Mindanao and Palawan And an Islamic Declaration of Support: Khalifatul Ardh: Steward of the Earth ‐ A Regional Islamic Summit on Environmental Governance for Islamic Leaders, the Academe and Community Advocates, Cotabato City, 24 Jamadil‐Akhir 1428 REPRINT, NOVEMBER 2007 Published with assistance from the American people through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)ʹs Philippine Environ‐ mental Governance 2 Project (EcoGov2). First published June 2007. This reprint, November 2007. sThe view expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. First writing: Edward Iblah Lim. Holy Qur’an and Arabic language consultant: Ustadz Esmael W. Ebrahim, Fellow, Philippine Council for Islam and Democracy; Secretary General, Muslim Welfare and Development Foundation ‐ ARMM. Additional writing, editing and desktop publishing: J.I. Angeles. Cover photos: (insets, from top) Bobby Timonera, Bobby Timonera, Trina Isorena, Charlie Saceda, Davao Dive Group, Bobby Timonera; (mosque) Bobby Timonera. EcoGov2 is a collaborative effort resulting from the bilateral agreement between the United States Government through USAID and the Government of the Philippines through the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the Department of the Interior and Local Government. EcoGov2 focuses on strengthening Local Government Units or LGUs so that they can carry out localized but strategic actions that aim to: • Reduce overfishing and the use of destructive fishing practices; • Reduce illegal logging and conversion of natural forests; and • Improve the management of solid wastes and wastewater.
    [Show full text]
  • Emindanao Library an Annotated Bibliography (Preliminary Edition)
    eMindanao Library An Annotated Bibliography (Preliminary Edition) Published online by Center for Philippine Studies University of Hawai’i at Mānoa Honolulu, Hawaii July 25, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface iii I. Articles/Books 1 II. Bibliographies 236 III. Videos/Images 240 IV. Websites 242 V. Others (Interviews/biographies/dictionaries) 248 PREFACE This project is part of eMindanao Library, an electronic, digitized collection of materials being established by the Center for Philippine Studies, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa. At present, this annotated bibliography is a work in progress envisioned to be published online in full, with its own internal search mechanism. The list is drawn from web-based resources, mostly articles and a few books that are available or published on the internet. Some of them are born-digital with no known analog equivalent. Later, the bibliography will include printed materials such as books and journal articles, and other textual materials, images and audio-visual items. eMindanao will play host as a depository of such materials in digital form in a dedicated website. Please note that some resources listed here may have links that are “broken” at the time users search for them online. They may have been discontinued for some reason, hence are not accessible any longer. Materials are broadly categorized into the following: Articles/Books Bibliographies Videos/Images Websites, and Others (Interviews/ Biographies/ Dictionaries) Updated: July 25, 2014 Notes: This annotated bibliography has been originally published at http://www.hawaii.edu/cps/emindanao.html, and re-posted at http://www.emindanao.com. All Rights Reserved. For comments and feedbacks, write to: Center for Philippine Studies University of Hawai’i at Mānoa 1890 East-West Road, Moore 416 Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Email: [email protected] Phone: (808) 956-6086 Fax: (808) 956-2682 Suggested format for citation of this resource: Center for Philippine Studies, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa.
    [Show full text]
  • TRANSLATING VERNACULAR CULTURE the Case of Ramon Muzones's Shri-Bishaya
    Journal of English Studies and Comparative Literature TRANSLATING VERNACULAR CULTURE The Case of Ramon Muzones’s Shri-Bishaya Ma. Cecilia Locsin-Nava Every group of people makes an appeal to the past for its sense of cultural identity and its preferred trajectory for the future. However, the past is never accessible without translation, even within the same language. - K.W. Taylor No body of writing in Western Visayan literature has attracted as much attention, controversy, and translation as Monteclaro’s Maragtas. It was written by Don Pedro Monteclaro, the first municipal president of Miag-ao, Iloilo, local historian, and war hero in a mixture of Kinaray-a and Hiligaynon in 1901 at the end of the Filipino-American war when Ilonggos lost, all too soon, their hard-won independence from Spain to the Americans. However, it did not get published until 1907 in Kadapig sa Banwa (Ally of the Country), a nationalist newspaper in Iloilo city. By then, the zeitgeist of frustrated nationalism was finding expression in a number of nativist movements that sought to “revive and revalue” local language and culture. Significantly, reacting to “the privileging of the imported over the indigenous, English over local languages; writing over orality and linguistic culture over inscriptive culture,” (Ashcroft Griffiths and Tiffin 1983: 64) several advocacy groups were established. The first is Academia Bisaya (1901), established by regional writers and 60 Journal of English Studies and Comparative Literature journalists to promote among others, linguistic purism. Next, the standardization of Hiligaynon orthography and usage was promoted in order to protect it from further distortions introduced by Spanish friars, literary societies or talapuanan.
    [Show full text]
  • Zakah Execution and Its Influence on the Recipients As Perceived by the Fire Personnel of Lanao Del Sur
    Zakah Execution and Its Influence on the Recipients as Perceived by the Fire Personnel of Lanao del Sur Naim S. Noor and Monara M. Maruhom Mindanao State University, Marawi City, Philippines www.msumain.edu.ph Keywords: Zakah, Execution, Fire Personnel. Abstract: This study investigated the extent of execution of Zakah and its contribution onits recipients. (1) The respondents of this study were the 100 Fire Personnel including the 12 Fire Marshals under the Bureau of Fire Protection of Lanao del Sur composed of 15municipalities that have fire departments. Cross-sectional survey design was utilized and qualitative descriptive approach has been used in the interpretation of data. (2) Specifically, the study answered the following questions: 1. what is the profile of the respondents in terms of their personal data, 2. what are their practices in the execution of Zakah as perceived by the respondents in the aspects of its legal rulings, its purpose and recipients? And 3. what are the contributions of Zakah on its recipients as perceived by the respondents in the aspect of improving the life of the recipients and in alleviating poverty? (3) from the data gathered, a typical fire officer in Lanao del Sur belonged to the age range of 29-35 years old, male, married, bachelors’ degree holder, ibtidai graduate, served for less than five years, with FO1 position, and a monthly net income of P29,668.00. It is concluded that the respondents agreed on all the indicators given in the purpose of Zakah, improving the life of the recipients and alleviating poverty. (4) moreover, it was disclosed that respondents agreed that Zakah is compulsory to Muslims who are financially capable.
    [Show full text]
  • Filipinas): Historias Etnográficas Sobre Impacto Y Sostenibilidad
    TESIS DOCTORAL AÑO 2015 LA “COMEDIA” DEL DESARROLLO INTERNACIONAL EN LA ISLA DE CAMIGUIN (FILIPINAS): HISTORIAS ETNOGRÁFICAS SOBRE IMPACTO Y SOSTENIBILIDAD ANDRÉS NARROS LLUCH DEA EN ANTROPOLOGÍA SOCIAL DEPARTAMENTO DE ANTROPOLOGIA SOCIAL Y CULTURAL -FACULTAD DE FILOSOFIA- UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA (UNED) DIRECTORA: BEATRIZ PÉREZ GALÁN CO-DIRECTORA: FENELLA CANNELL Dedicatoria A mis padres, por todo ese aliento que me dieron en mis siempre cortas visitas a España……. allí, en la cocina de mi madre, durante esas comidas con sabores a hogar, seguidas de sobremesas eternas. Un amor expresado en escucha y aliento, que ha sido una motivación única a largo de esta aventura que ahora les dedico, con el mismo amor que me dieron, esta vez de regreso… A Beatriz y a Octavio. 2 Agradecimientos A todas esas personas que han formado parte de este apasionante viaje. Mis compañeros del School of Oriental and African Studies de la Universidad de Londres, a David Landau, James Martin, Nyna Raget, gracias por hacer más bello este largo trayecto. A Honorio Velasco, Fenella Cannell, Rafael Vicente, David Lewis, David Marsen, David Mosse y John Sidel, a unos por inspirarme a otros, por alentarme. A mi directora, Beatriz Pérez Galán, no solo por dirigir sino también por apoyar y confiar en mi trabajo. A Valentín Martínez, por facilitarlo. A mis amigos de San Pedro…a Josefina, Zoila, Crispina, Aquino, gracias por hacer mi aprendizaje más humano. A aquellos niños de la aldea que después el tiempo convirtió en mis amigos más fieles, a Jessica, Wincelet, Florame, Reymart…. A mis viejos amigos de la cooperación, a aquellos que sabiendo de las profundas limitaciones de dicha industria continúan trabajando al son de sus ideales.
    [Show full text]
  • Golden Mrauk-U, The: an Ancient Capital of Rakhine by U Shwe
    A GUIDE TO MRAUK - U An Ancient City of Rakhine, Myanmar By Tun Shwe Khine (M.A) First Edition 1992 Historical Sites in Mrauk-U Aerial view of Mrauk-U I <i H Published by U Tun Shwe, Registrar (1) Sittway Degree College, Sittway. Registration No. 450/92 (10) 1992 Nov. 13. Art Adviser and Make-up U Kyaw Hla, Editor, University Translation & Publications Dept., Yangon. Photographs by Ko Tun Shaung, University Translation & Publications Dept., Yangon. Typeset by Shwe Min-Tha-Mee Computer, No. 9 (E), Thalawady Road, 7th mile, Yangon. Printed by U Tha Tun (03333), Nine Nines Press, 25, Razadirat Road, Botahtaung, Yangon. Tha Tun (03333) Cover Registration No. (413/92) (12), printed by U First Edition Jan: 1993, 2000 Copies. Cover - Dukkhanthein Shrine at Sun'set THE GOLDEN CITY OF MRAUK-U The Author Tun Shwe Khine was born in Rambyae, Rakhine State in 1949; graduated from Yangon University in 1972 and obtained master degree in Geography in 1976. He has served as a tutor in Yangon Worker's College; assistant lecturer and registrar (2) in Sittway Degree College. Now he is the Registrar (1) of Sittway Degree College. He has written several research articles and books, and edited some books, magazines and journals. "*,r. Some of his works excluding articles are as follows: (1) Rakhine State Regional Geography (in Myanmar), (2) Ancient Cities ofRakhine (in Myanmar), (3) The History of Rakhine Dynasty (in Myanmar), (4) The Thet Tribe in Northern Rakhine (in Myanmar), (5) Rakhine Buddhist Art in Vesali Period (in Myanmar), (6) Rakhine Folk-Tales (in Myan- mar), (7) Earlier Writers in Rakhine (in Myanmar), (8).4 Study ofRakhine Minthami Aye-gyin (in Myanmar), (9)The History of Rakhine Mahamuni (in Myanmar and English) and (10) Historical Sites in Rakhine (in English).
    [Show full text]
  • Act East: Asean-India Shared Cultural Heritage
    ACT EAST: ASEAN-INDIA SHARED CULTURAL HERITAGE Culture is the key to the India-ASEAN partnership. Shared histori- cal ties, culture and knowledge continue to underpin India’s sustained interactions with Southeast Asia. The commonalities between India and Southeast Asia provide a platform for building synergies with the countries of the region. As India’s engagement with the ASEAN moves forward with support of the Act East Policy (AEP), the socio-cultural linkages between the two regions can be utilized effectively to expand collaboration, beyond economic and political domains into areas of education, tourism ACT EAST: and people to people contact. This book presents historical and contemporary dimensions between India and Southeast Asia with particular reference to cultural heritage. One of the recommenda- ASEAN-INDIA tions of this book is to continue our efforts to preserve, protect, and restore cultural heritage that represents the civilisational bonds SHARED CULTURAL between ASEAN and India. The book will serve as a knowledge product for policymakers, academics, private sector experts and HERITAGE regional cooperation practitioners; and is a must-read for anyone interested in the cultural heritage. fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh vuqla/ku ,oa lwpuk iz.kkyh Core IV-B, Fourth Floor, India Habitat Centre ACT EAST: ASEAN-INDIA SHARED CULTURAL HERITAGE ASEAN-INDIA SHARED CULTURAL ACT EAST: Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003, India Tel.: +91-11-2468 2177-80, Fax: +91-11-2468 2173-74 AIC E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] AIC fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh vuqla/ku
    [Show full text]