Universidade Federal De Pernambuco Centro De Filosofia E Ciências Humanas Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História Mestrado Em História

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Universidade Federal De Pernambuco Centro De Filosofia E Ciências Humanas Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História Mestrado Em História UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO CENTRO DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA MESTRADO EM HISTÓRIA ASCENSÃO DAS IDÉIAS NAZISTAS EM PERNAMBUCO: A QUINTA COLUNA EM AÇÃO (1937-1945) PHILONILA MARIA NOGUEIRA CORDEIRO Recife – PE 2005 2 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO CENTRO DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA MESTRADO EM HISTÓRIA PHILONILA MARIA NOGUEIRA CORDEIRO ASCENSÃO DAS IDÉIAS NAZISTAS EM PERNAMBUCO: A QUINTA COLUNA EM AÇÃO (1937-1945) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em História da UFPE, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Mestre em História. Orientadora: Prof. Silvia Cortez Silva Recife-PE 2005 4 À Laura e Caio. Espero que entendam, no futuro, minhas ausências. 5 AGRADECIMENTOS Chegando ao final de mais uma etapa de um trabalho extremamente gratificante, gostaria de deixar registrado o nome de algumas pessoas que de forma muito especial marcaram essa minha trajetória: Prof. Antonio Paulo Rezende que acreditou em nosso trabalho, sendo o responsável pelo encaminhamento à Prof. Silvia Cortez, minha orientadora, de uma simpatia fora do comum que me acolheu de braços abertos e também acreditou que poderíamos desenvolver um bom trabalho, sempre me incentivando; agradeço também à torcida que me apoiou como: a ex-secretária do Departamento, Luciane; Prof. Carlos Miranda e Carmem que nunca mediu esforços para nos ajudar com material para nossa pesquisa na biblioteca setorial do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da UFPE. Prof. Antonio Montenegro que teve a gentileza de ler minhas primeiras anotações da dissertação e nos deu valiosas dicas; minha amiga Giselda Brito que muito me incentivou e orientou nessa jornada; meus colegas de curso, Lana, Pedro, Lins, Luzinete, Priscila, Eraldo, Bruno, Jair, Ricardo, Gislaine, Tiago, especialmente Alessandro que sempre teve a paciência para ouvir minhas reclamações e bobagens; meu aluno Paulo que me ajudou na transcrição das fontes no Arquivo Público; CNPQ pela bolsa de pesquisa; Guga meu companheiro pelo apoio em todos os sentidos e minha irmã Deta pela dedicação e o cuidado com meus filhos, sempre me compreendendo quando eu precisava de silêncio e sossego para realizar esse trabalho, não medindo esforços para me ajudar. A todos muito obrigada. Valeu! 6 RESUMO CORDEIRO, Philonila Maria Nogueira. Ascensão das Idéias Nazistas em Pernambuco: A Quinta Coluna em Ação (1937-1945). 2005. 186 f. (Mestrado em História) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 2005. Este trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar quais os meios e estratégias foram utilizados na divulgação das idéias nazistas em Pernambuco no período de 1937 a 1945 pelos simpatizantes, denominados de quinta coluna. Analisamos os jornais: Folha da Manhã, Jornal Pequeno, Jornal do Commercio e Diário de Pernambuco, trabalhando dois momentos nesse combate: o período anterior ao conflito da Segunda Guerra Mundial e mesmo na época da neutralidade do Brasil como uma fase positiva para os defensores da política de Hitler, diante da ambigüidade do governo Vargas, possibilitando uma grande divulgação dessas idéias através dos meios de comunicação, a exemplo do jornal, com artigos de jornalistas defensores das idéias nazistas, a publicidade e o cinema; e o período em que o Brasil vai se aliar aos Estados Unidos, sendo uma fase caracterizada pela perseguição aos simpatizantes das idéias nazistas, sendo também utilizado, da mesma forma, os meios de comunicação, mas no sentido da contra-propaganda dessas idéias e elogiando o pan-americanismo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cinema, Propaganda, Alemanha, Nazismo, Fascismo, Quinta coluna, Segunda Guerra Mundial. 7 ABSTRACT CORDEIRO, Philonila Maria Nogueira. Ascension of the Nazis ideas in Pernambuco: the fifth column in action (1937-1945). 2005. 186 f. Mastership in History. Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 2005. This work had as objective to search which the ways and strategies had been used in the spreading of the Nazis as ideas in Pernambuco in the period of 1937 the 1945 for the sympathetical, called of fifth column. We analyze periodicals: Leaf of the Morning, Small Periodical, Periodical of the Commercio and Diário de Pernambuco, working two moments in this combat: the previous period to the conflict of the Second World War I and exactly at the time of the neutrality of Brazil as a positive phase for the defenders of the politics of Hitler, ahead of the ambiguity of the government Vargas, making possible a great spreading of these ideas through the medias, the example it periodical, with articles of defending journalists them Nazis as ideas, the advertising and the cinema; e the period where Brazil goes to enter into an alliance with the United States, being a phase characterized for the persecution to the sympathetical of the Nazis as ideas, being also used, in the same way, the medias, but in the direction of the against- propaganda of these ideas and praising the pan-Americanism. Keywords: Cinema, Advertising, Germany, Nazism, Fascism, Fifth column, Second World War I. 8 LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Fig.01 - Propaganda do Galenogal com a águia representativa do nazismo......... 72 Fig.02 -Propaganda do Galenogal com Mussolini................................................ 72 Fig.03 - Propaganda do Galenogal com noivos.................................................... 73 Fig.04 - Propaganda do Galenogal com criança....................................................73 Fig.05 - Propaganda da Cerveja Teotônia ............................................................74 Fig.06 - Propaganda da bebida Aliada ................................................................ 74. Fig.07 – Propaganda de eletricidade contra o quinta coluna............................... 74 Fig.08 – Cigarros Nacionais................................................................................ 74 Fig.09 – Filme: Guerra Relâmpago..................................................................... 77 Fig. 10 - Filme: Espionagem de Guerra ............................................................155 Fig.11 - Filme: Espião Nazista .........................................................................155. Fig.12 - Filme: Espião Invisível ........................................................................156 Fig.13 - Filme: O Sabotador .............................................................................156 Fig.14 - Filme: O Grande Ditador ................................................................... 158 Fig.15 - Filme: Correspondente em Berlim ......................................................160 Fig.16 - Filme: Confirme ou Desminta! ...........................................................160 Fig. 17- Filme: Espião Fascinadora ................................................................. 160 Fig. 18 - Filme: Gestapo .................................................................................. 160 Fig.19 - Filme: Balas contra a gestapo ............................................................ 160 Fig.20 - Filme: Fuga ........................................................................................ 161 Fig.21- Filme: ...E as luzes brilharão outra vez................................................161 Fig.22 - Filme: Tempestade D’alma ............................................................... 161 Fig.23 - Filme: 4 filhos....................................................................................163 9 Fig. 24 - Filme: Uma voz nas trevas ...............................................................163 Fig. 25- Filme: Os Filhos de Hitler..................................................................164 Fig.26 - Filme: Casei-me com um nazista ......................................................164 Fig.27- Filme: O Homem que quis matar Hitler............................................. 165 Fig.28 - Peça teatral “A Quinta Coluna” ....................................................... 166 10 LISTA DE SIGLAS AGM – Arquivo Agamenon Magalhães APEJE – Arquivo Público do Estado Jordão Emerenciano CPDOC – Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea DIP – Departamento de Imprensa e Propaganda DOPS – Delegacia de Ordem e Política Social DOPS/PE – Delegacia de Ordem e Política Social de Pernambuco FGV – Fundação Getúlio Vargas SSP/PE – Secretaria de Segurança Pública de Pernambuco TSN – Tribunal de Segurança Nacional NSDAP – Partido Nacional-socialista dos Trabalhadores Alemães SA – Tropa de Assalto SS – Esquadrões de Proteção ABWEHR – Alto Comando das Forças Armadas da Alemanha DEIP – Departamento Estadual de Imprensa e Propaganda STM – Superior Tribunal Militar FEB – Força Expedicionária Brasileira MGM – Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer JC – Jornal do Commercio 11 SUMÁRIO Introdução..................................................................................................... 12 Capítulo I – Alemanha: Imagem de esplendor e glória em jornais de Pernambuco.................................................................................................. 26 1.1.Somos todos alemães.............................................................................. 26 1.2 O Estado Novo e o desenvolvimento das idéias nazistas....................... 53 1.3 A “neutralidade disfarçada”.................................................................... 61 Capitulo II – As Atividades dos simpatizantes nazistas............................... 69 2.1. 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