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A Missing Figure on Slab Fragment No 2 from Monifieth, Angus, the A'chill

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A Missing Figure on Slab Fragment No 2 from Monifieth, Angus, the A'chill Proc Antiqc So Scot, (1999)9 12 , 597-647 missinA g figur slan eo b fragmen fro2 o mtn Monifieth, Angus a'Chile th , l Cross, Canna somd an , e implications developmene ofth variana f o t t Virgin' e forth mf o s hairstyle and dress in early medieval Scotland Ross Trench- Jellicoe* ABSTRACT Monifieth 2, a late Pictish-style slab, is decorated with a figure identified as female by the position of her brooch. Part of the brooch is missing and the loss is explained by reference to a Virgin and Child a'Chillscenethe on Cross, Canna, which suggests damagedthe area Monifiethof originally2 represented Christ-childa Adorationalof type.unusualThe Virgin's formthe of hairstyle bothat Canna Monifiethand alsois analysed within contextdevelopmentthe the of lonaof school iconography. Seven lozenge insignia identifiedare examinedand alongside brooches.the The decoration of the Canna cross is seen to derive from iconography in Angus centred on Aberlemno which is also the epicentre of Madonna icons evolving from lona models. Aberlemno is thus deduced to be the centre of a ninth-century Columban mission, with Canna as an outpost, for the conversion of Viking western Scotland. VIRGI CHILDD NAN : ADORATION SCENES? A MISSING FIGURE ON MONIFIETH 2C Four Class 2 and Class 3 slabs from Monifieth, Angus (Alien & Anderson 1903, part 3, 228-30, 265, figs 241-3, 275), have been in the keeping of the National Museum of Antiquities (now Royal Museum of Scotland), since the 19th century (Neish 1871, 71-7). Despite their great interest, they have not attracted the close scrutiny that this controlled environment should facilitate. Amongst these monuments, the small and substantially complete slab, no 2 (Alien & Anderson 1903, par , 229-303 t 242A/Bg fi , particulaf o s )i r interest. Althoug damagew hno t da the base, chipped along the edges and having suffered some abrasion to the broad surfaces, sufficient remains to allow a detailed study of its decorative programme (Appendix 1). Carved in low relief, face A is dominated by a contoured ornamental cross which fills the unbordered face and is rendered more prominent because the flanking quadrants have been left void (illus 1). Decoratio structures facn i o n C e d more loosely withi nframina g borde f confrontino r g bird- headed beasts (illu 3).& 1s2 This fac s subdividei e d into three panel a plai y b ns T-shaped * Department of History, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG 598 | SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND, 1999 ILLUS 1 Angus, Monifieth 2A, interpretative drawing crose ofth s moulding. The upper panel includes two motifs: to the left stands a quadruped with long neck taild an , selected fro mmonstroua s menagerie righe deer'a th s i to T .s head Pictish symboA (R l 155) with almond-shaped eye and pricked ear. The lower right panel contains a Crescent and V- Rod Pictish symbol whose form appears in a state of some decay. The lower left panel, a focus of this study (illus 4), contains a standing fronted figure (Nieke 1993, 129; Trench-Jellicoe 1995, fig 3) dressed in a long open-fronted gown worn over an undershift, originally descendin anklo gt losew lengtt no below t hgowe bu .Th fastenes ni e th n do chest wit hlargea , centrally placed penannular brooch lentoie th , hean d pi whicf do visibls hi n ei oblique lighting, while a lozenge-shaped motif appears above the brooch on her right shoulder (the brooch and lozenge motif are discussed below). This figure has a flamboyant hairstyle drawn sidee fastened th san o t ovep crownde u th rheav e Th . y facial features, although abraded dan damaged stile ar ,l traceabl chie th n d includeean dimplsa centrs it t ea econsideree whicb y hma d diagnostia c feature combinatioe Th . elementf no suggestes sha severao dt l commentators that the figure should be identified as a woman (Alien & Anderson 1903, part 3, 230; Nieke 1993,129; Trench-Jellicoe 1995. , 4-53) g ,fi There is, however, an unexplained aspect to the figure's apparel which becomes evident when the penannular brooch is examined. Initially it looks as though a whole section of the brooch to the viewer's right, amounting to almost half, is missing in an area of damage but the mystery becomes more tantalizing wit realizatioe hth n that this area still stand hign si h relief, prouremaindee th f broocde o th f ro h suggesting los f overlyinso g elements aree defines Th .ai d TRENCH-JELLICOE: MONIFIET A'CHILE , ANGUSH2 TH D L AN CROSS, , 9 CANN59 | A ILLU S2 Angus, MonifietC h2 abov risina y eb g figure' e curvth n eo s left shoulder extending beyon bodye linth e f dth e.o Below, the limit of damage is marked by a curve passing across the figure then downwards to the right edge of the panel. Beyond the figure the limit of the areas of damage is marked by an absence of groovee th d channel which surround figure sth e elsewhere lowee th o r T .right risina , g groove peter t immediatelsou y belo damagee wth d section, while above groova , e alon shouldee gth r terminates short of the neck. There is, therefore, an extensive area of surface damage standing in surroundine relieth f o f g decoration, which implies that formerl t heldi y prominena t feature which represente significanda t elemen sculptor'e th n ti s original iconographic scheme. VIRGINE TH , CHIL MAGUD DAN A'CHILLN SO , CANNA, IE orden I mako t r e some damage e sensth f eo d are Monifietn ao instructivs i t i C h2 turo et o nt another sculptured monument fro opposite mth e sid Scotlandf eo Isle f Cannath eo n o , , Small Isles. Canna's uniquely designed, free-standing a'Chill Cross is now badly damaged (Stuart 1867, Alie; 51 Anderson& & 0 p5 i n 1903, 107-93 t p ,111 g ,fi ; RCAHMS forthcoming havy ma e t bu ) | SOCIET 0 60 ANTIQUARIEF YO SCOTLANDF SO , 1999 ILLUS 3 Angus, Monifieth 1C, interpretative drawing stood originally within a foundation dedicated to Columba (the iconographic programme of the cross is discussed in Appendix 2). westere Th n fac decorates ei d with seven panels (originall yrelie w ninelo ff o )pattern f so abstrac non-realistid an t c interlacing zoomorphic motifs (illus 31)narroe Th . w (northern) edge extensio ease wesd th an tf tn o face s includes abstract ornament panelo tw , s containing fronted figures and, above, the unique design of a skeuomorphic supporting device for the cross arms, formed in the likeness of a mannikin, perhaps representing an angel.2 By contrast, the eastern cross face includes six registers (originally eight) of high relief narrative and semi-realistic animal carving (described in Appendix 2) (illus 33), but the visually dominant register (E2) contains a narrative scen f threeo e abraded, interactive figures largeo whicn i tw , e r hth flan e smalleth k r (illus 5). leffigur e e portrayepanes n i th tI th 2 o et E l seatedf i s da , although scant evidenc chaia r erfo remains heae uncompromisingl.Th s d i y frontal, encompassing large, heavy feature almondd san - shaped eyes. The chin has a heavy jowl with a small central dimple while the groomed hair, lying heade closth takeloops o n ei ,t i p nu s aroun eare dth s and, taperin risest i s gcarriea s i , d ovee rth TRENCH-JELLICOE: MONIFIETH 2, ANGUS, AND THE A'CHILL CROSS, CANNA 601 ILLU S4 Angus, Monifiet , loweh2C r left panel, interpretative drawing crow fastenee b o nt d wit righe hth t terminal abov commandinlefte e eth Th . g hea offses di t against the upper body whic partls hi y turne viewer'e th o dt s right, whil bene emort th tye leg e fullsar y turned and the feet lie completely in profile: thus the figure is skewed by stages through a right angle between head and feet.3 The figure wears an ankle-length gown, open at the front, which preserves faint evidence of a zigzag hem or decorative border trim running vertically in two lines. A similar zigzag pattern border necklinee sth . Looping strands which overli lowee eth r garment signa presence th l a f eo hanging girdle. Little evidence for the figure's right arm is visible down the damaged left slab edge acrosd an abradee sth d waistline t waisA . t level cradle lefm e ar th ,t smalsa l seated figure, who, facing away, looks towards a third figure to the viewer's right. Beneath the small figure, the left arm re-emerges and the hand grasps an object lying on her lap which is identified by faint, interwoven strands and may represent a bag or basket. Centrally placed on the chest, immediately behind the diminutive figure is a penannular brooch fastened by a pin the head of which is of triangular type. Under oblique natural lighting (mimbile dictu) detail of the brooch's decoration terminae inth l compartment alond an s g section cartouche righe th th seene f b tn o s n O . eca shoulder next to the pinhead is a worn lozenge-shaped motif (the brooch and lozenge motif are discussed below). The small, starkly profiled figure resting in the arms of the larger figure also preserves considerable detail tunicA . , beltewaiste th t words a i , t calna f lengt feevisibld e har an t e beneath the hem.
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