G a Z E T T E

g a z e t t e

THE CHRONICLE OF CENTRAL EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY

Winter 1998 Vol. 8, No. 2 blueprints revisited: strategic planning at ceu

Sorin Antohi Academic Pro-Rector

Those rare readers who still look for consistency and can go arguing that there was little interest on the part of most CEU back to the Fall 1997 issue (Vol. 7, No. 4) of the Ga z e t t e faculty in joining the institution’s leadership in strategic pl a n - may realize that the following paragraphs begin as an inter- ning, while some distinguished colleagues were suggestin g textual echo of my minimal program at CEU, “How to Do the contrary, the Planning and Budget Committee initiated Things with Blueprints.” As a matter of fact, this is in keep- a retreat for its three members (President and Rector, Ac a - ing with what I try to offer as long as I am affiliated with demic Pro-Rector, Executive Vice-President), aiming at the CEU: a coherent, public, frank discussion of its current pr o d u c tion of a draft strategy paper. These were brainst o r m - work, historical legacies and future projects. Some people ing sessions held in the Rector’s residence in mid- June, grad- think—due to natural inclination or to a misin- ually turning into a series of structured presen- terpretation of Machiavelli—that smart leaders tations by the participants, and eventually into a

use more oblique ways to attain their goals. campaign 2 0 0 1 rather bulky first draft of Campaign 2001: More modestly, I take the ideal of the Open bringing ceu into the 21st century Bringing CEU into the 21st Century. The Exe- Society literally enough to support candid com- cutive Assistant to the Rector, Christine mu n i c a t i o n . Za p o t o c k y , was preparing the meetings, wr i t i n g the minutes and editing them between ses- nov e mbe r My “Blueprints” article is, in the short history of 1 9 9 8 sions, taping, and contributing to, a very pas- our university, one of many individual contri- sionate exchange. The Senate established a butions to a lively, if at times tense, ongoing con- standing Committee on Strategic versation about CEU’s development. The very Development on June 18, 1998, which took up general, idealistic original statements of the draft Campaign 2001 and kept work- the Fou n d e r , George Soros, on the mis- what’s inside ing on its various avatars until Novem- sion of our institution have inspired indi- ber 19, when the final text was ready to vidual reactions among our faculty, stu- be printed. I chaired the Committee, dent, and staff, and have definitely and its members we r e : Warsaw Pro- impacted the generation of most institu- Announcements 3 Rector Edmund Mokrzycki, Executive tional documents and actions. Never- Year Opening 5 Vice-President István Teplán, Professors theless, and no matter how path-break- Ed w a r d Be l l i n g e r , János Kis, Gábor Senate Elections 6 ing those individual contributions, our Kl a n i c z a y , Mária Kovács, Alfred Rieber, academic community took some time to Admissions Update 7 András Sajó and Tibor Várady. Christi n e articulate a process, and a discourse of Liberal Education 7 Zapotocky and my assistant, Ben O’Br i e n , collegial thinking about CEU. I claim have handled the minutes, editing, and Universities for Freedom 8-9 that such a process and discourse exist organization of the meetings. no w , and I will tell you their short histo- Events 10-12 ry . Thus, I believe, CEU’s corporate Research Resources 13 No narrative (of mine) can possibly cap- me m o r y , a basic ingredient of its dynam- ture the tension and the fun, the vo c a l The Book Pages 14-15 ic identity, has reached its critical mass. disagreements and the tacit consensus, the enthusiasm and the despair, the writing and the unwriting that went into Campaign 2001: Bringing CEU into the 21st Century Campaign 2001. Sometimes, the whole project seemed in Following a few discussions (or rather disputes) among the jeopardy: the Committee had frequent intellectual clashes; members of the CEU Senate, during which I was basically the inputs, comments and criticisms coming steadily from

Continued on page 4.

1 letter from the rector

CEU Taking Further Steps Towards Institutional Maturity

Fra n k l y , it is hard to believe that Central European years since its foundation in 1991, did not feel University has not been around for a decade yet. the urge to be engaged in. Until last summer when And it is also very encouraging to think that before the need suddenly manifested itself after the the first ten years of its existence and continuous founder had initiated a debate about a “sunset- mission performance are completed there will be ting” process within the Soros foundations net- literally thousands of people who will have benefit- work in which a distinctive role and some new ed from the educational opportunities offered by perspectives were also envisioned for the univer- this young and unique institution. And that they will sity. The administration and a specially-nominat- make a difference in the whole region. The impact ed Senate Committee embarked on an evaluation of the university is logically weightier every year of the past and present and on a definitive pro- with the growing body of our alumni—last June in addition to cess of thinking ahead. The document resulting from many col- more than half a thousand Master’s degrees in 14 study programs lective sessions through the summer and fall was called we could award also the historic first three doctorates, in Medieval Campaign 2001. It was a pioneering attempt to reach institu- Studies and in Legal Studies. As more than one-fifth of our stu- tional consensus on major developmental issues. But when it dents are currently enrolled in five accredited doctoral programs, was discussed in a common meeting with the Board of Trustees and a few more will soon enlarge the number of successful grad- it became clear that strategic planning would have to be even uates, the Association of European Universities, at its quadrenni- more daring, more open to new and more challenging opportu- al conference in Berlin last August, was ready to accept CEU as a nities that will occur within the network and may face the uni- full member. Thus our school became one of the youngest insti- versity in the region. tutions in the family of some 600 European universities, and cer- tainly the first of those registered in the United States. The addi- This need to look further into the future gave birth to Ca m p a i g n tional pleasure that we were also able to enjoy at the conference 2010. An interesting coincidence or a logical concurrence with hosted by the Free University in Berlin (which, too, was initially the Association of European Universities’project “Vision 20-10” established as an American-sponsored institution after World War that was brought to a conclusion at the above-mentioned Berlin II) came from the apparently unanimous support of our member- conference last August? Most likely both. And yet another proof ship by the national Rector’s Conferences from the countries that of CEU’s growing integration within the international sphere of we take pride in serving, including the university representatives higher education. from Hungary and Poland, our teaching sites. There will be, however, very specific CEU issues to be dis- The transatlantic and international position of our university is not cussed and decided upon—which new study programs will, and always, for practical and legal reasons, an easy condition but it is can be, adopted and absorbed into the university curriculum? to a great extent this very situation that considerably enhances ou r How innovative, interdisciplinary, creative, and integrated will educational and research potential. Now that the dimension of the curriculum be in the end? How will the graduate school be internationalism in higher education becomes more relevant all eventually organized? Will there be a Graduate Law School, a over the world, an institution like CEU clearly appears in the fore- Graduate Business School (after even closer cooperation with ground of the present trend of developments. It is, therefore, also the International Management Center is introduced), a Graduate our institutional responsibility to challenge mere formal and poor- School of Arts and Sciences? Shall we have a functioning Research ly informed judgments from parties which may try to limit our effi- and Policy Center; how can we combine our experience from the cacy or even question our validity—and it has become very obvi- internal and the external programs, and will we bring the com- ous that we can best do so by our academically convincing results. bined potential of CEU and the Soros foundations network The prestige and reputation of a university can be won more like- together to be able to use them more fully and successfully? ly through good work than through futile arguments with adver- saries or unfriendly media. A great deal to think about—for the administration, the newly elected and established CEU Senate and its committees, for Self-confidence should be based on virtuous labor which even- every member of the academic community, and the staff. Let tually shall receive acknowledgment from authorities, organiza- me invite everyone to join in the meditation and reasoning tions, and the public everywhere. And, as for CEU, I am con- regarding the fate and fortune of CEU in the years to come. vinced that it will be successful in achieving full recognition of And let me wish you all a restful and pleasant holiday season, its programs whenever and wherever it decides to seek it, be it and, of course, a healthy, happy and successful 1999. with the Commission on Higher Education of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools in America or with corre- Cordially, sponding Commissions in the European Union.

Strategic thought was an activity that the young CEU, having been involved in continuous growth and institution building over the

2 ceu invited to submit full application for middle states accreditation

Continuing Central European University’s pre-application process Commission on Higher Education acted to thank Central for accreditation by the Commission on Higher Education of the European University for hosting the Commission’s representa- Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools, representa- tive, to invite the institution to submit a full application for can- tives of the Commission visited CEU in Budapest on September di d a c y , and to waive the requirement that a majority of the institu- 28-29, 1998, to conduct a pre-application review. Dr. Robin ti o n ’ s board members be United States citizens.” Da s h e r -Alston, Executive Associate Director of the Commission, and Mary Lai, Vice-President for Finance and Tre a s u r e r , Long Dr . Robin Dasher-Alston (left) Island University, conducted an intensive series of meetings with university administrators and the heads of academic departments and Mary Lai (third from right) and programs. The Commission representatives also toured CEU conduct a pre-application facilities and met with students from the university’s academic departments and programs. review meeting at the CEU Political Science Department, Following the pre-application review visit, on December 4 CEU Prof. János Kis, Head of the received the following notification from the Commission on Higher Education: “At its sessions on November 18-19, 1998, the department (second from left).

budapest teaching site wins property development award

The complex of buildings composing CEU’s Budapest teaching According to the FIABCI jury, the CEU site was recently awarded the First Prize in the Second An n u a l complex satisfies these criteria, integrat- Property Development Competition of the Hungarian chapter of ing monumental older buildings into a the International Real Estate Federation (FIABCI). group which effectively recomposes the space while preserving the values of the No t a b l y , the FIABCI competition is not solely an architectural surrounding cityscape. In spite of the competition in which the most important aspect is the appreciation co m p l e x ’ s huge dimensions, it does not of structures’ architectural merits. It emphasizes the successful disturb its environment but rather inte- integration of buildings into their environment, and it awards grates itself into the setting of central recognition to buildings which satisfy new social demands in a way Bu d a p e s t . that creates harmony between the new and the traditional.

academic announcements

Appointments István Teplán Receives Appointments

Professor Miglena Nikolchi n a has been appoint- CEU Executive Vice-President István Teplán was elected a full ed Acting Director of the Program on Gender & member of the International Management Center Board at its Culture. In addition to teaching at CEU, she is a meeting on November 4, 1998. He was also recently appointed Professor at Sofia University, Editor of the literary Chair of the Council of the Inter-University Centre, Dubrovnik. magazine Literaturen Ves t n i k , and Vice-President of the Bulgarian Association of University Wom e n . On December 8, Teplán participated in a meeting of the Higher Education Academic Council (FTT), during which he was elected a Da vid Halley has taken up the position of Co- member of the Strategic Committee on Education and Research. ordinator in the Environmental Sciences and Pol i c y According to the 1993 LXXX Higher Education Act, the FTT is the Department. Halley has a Master’s of Social Wor k highest professional body of Hungarian higher education. and did local community work in the US for a number of years before coming to Hungary. Professor Rychard Awarded Scholarship

Kata Kremer has joined the Budget & Finance Professor Andrzej Rychard of the Sociology Department was Office as Chief Accountant. Kremer has consid- awarded with a scholarship to a course in Israel on university erable finance and accounting experience with administration organized by Harvard University. international companies.

3 BLUEPRINTS Continued from page 1. from UNESCO to the World Bank, from local NGOs to inter- the CEU community (individuals or units, one by one, or almost governmental agencies, from universities to research institutes si m u l t a n e o u s l y , during a Town Hall Meeting on October 8) chal- and think tanks. CEU’s Academic Services (Library, Language lenged the very idea of producing a concise, consensual docu- Teaching Center, Computer Center, Center for Applied Statistics) ment. Moreover, a joint session of the “old” and “new” Senates— will be developed into an integrated system, including such things in between, the very structure of the CEU Senate had changed— as a Virtual Library, a Center for Quantitative Methods, etc. The with the Board of Trustees, on October 31, as well as the regular Open Society Archives will become the most visible and modern meeting of the CEU Board of Trustees on November 1, came regional center of archival research, leading the debates on the for- close to sending the whole paper back to the Committee, despite mer Soviet bloc’s historical memory, documenting its traumas, and the “old” Senate’s unanimous favorable vote on October 28. To coordinating major international team projects. CEU Press will be some, including Mr. Soros, Campaign 2001 was not innovative more closely affiliated with CEU, functioning increasingly as our enough, was a mere description of the status quo; some thought re g i o n ’ s major English-language academic publisher, as an advisor that the booklet was too self-critical, and was not telling the story to major translation projects in the region’s languages, as a meet- of CEU’s achievements; others, including Lord Dahrendorf, ing ground of scholarly discourses on, and from Central and thought that the text under scrutiny was lacking intellectual imag- Eastern Europe, a visible player on the global market of ideas. ination, and vision. In the end, with minor changes that were incorporated in the printed version, the text was endorsed by the This mighty design is for us to consider, critique, improve and Board of Trustees. It is now an official strategic document. implement. As ambitious as it may seem, Campaign 2010 does not start from scratch, it builds on CEU’s strengths, successes, Campaign 2010: A Vision for CEU criticisms, failures; on its resources and on its commitment. It is, however, the first in a series. Strategic planning does not end with the 2001 horizon. As a result of the stormy, substantial, fer- The Road to CEU’s Future tile debate on October 31, I drafted Campaign 2010: A Vision for Let us turn to the most immediate tasks, to the short run. Once CE U . It all started as an institutional chart that was presenting the voted on, Campaign 2001 needs to be implemented. I hope the structural profile of CEU in the medium run, in about ten years. implementation work will also be a learning process, and I can only The chart was self-explanatory to insiders, so I really didn’t need a wish the vision of Campaign 2010 will bring us inspiration and sta- long time to get the reactions, and eventually the support of mina. Already in the following months, CEU will engage in a year- George Soros, Aryeh Neier, Professor István Rév. István Tep l á n long institutional self-study, as required by our attempt to receive prepared immediately a second, color organizational chart, which full accreditation from the Middle States Association of Colleges may be taken to indicate an intermediary stage between the 20 0 1 and Schools, which has recently invited us to apply for candidacy. and 20 1 0 strategic plans. The new Committee on Strategic Deve- Early in 1999, the Middle States Association will send its second lopment, which I have the privilege to chair—Professors János Kis, delegation to CEU, and intensive work on our accreditation will Gábor Klaniczay, Alfred Rieber, András Sajó and Dr. István Tep l á n — start. The candidacy period should be used for a very thorough col- started its work with a debate on the first Campaign 2010 dr a f t . lective self-analysis, with the participation of the whole academic co m m u n i t y . In 2001, when CEU turns ten, it should have its full Very briefly, Campaign 2010 proposes a new structure for our accreditation, as it will have its full international recognition as a institution, more capable of both furthering its academic and edu- center of academic excellence and civic commitment. CEU’s cational goals, and enhancing its public presence in Central and recent admission as a member of the Association of European Eastern Europe and beyond. Thus, the current CEU departments Universities is only one indication that we are going in the right and programs will—according to this vision—be organized as a direction, and we are given credit for that. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, which will also include departments/programs of Philosophy, Culture Studies (both sche- duled to start in 2000), Sociology (on the Budapest teaching site), possibly Mathematics; the current Legal Studies Department will graduation 1998 become a Graduate Law School, adding two new streams, Ad m i n - istrative Law and Criminal Law; starting from the In t e r n a t i o n a l The graduation ceremony for the 1997/98 academic year was Management Center, a Graduate School of Business will emerge. held in the Museum of Applied Arts in Budapest on June 23. The recently approved CEU Research and Policy Center will start Following opening remarks by CEU President and Rector Prof. operating on a small scale already in 1999, aiming at becoming a Josef Jarab,ˇ CEU Founder George Soros introduced Commis- major such institution to benefit our region and its international sioner Emma Bonino of the European Commission, who deliv- partners. CEU’s Sociology Department in War s a w will continue to ered the commencement address. The conferring of degrees was develop in its current direction, towards a CEU Warsaw Center followed by remarks from alumni speaker Monica Macovei (Legal for Social Studies, providing high-quality education and research Studies ‘93) and student speaker Florian Bieber (Southeast Euro- in an interdisciplinary framework centered on sociology but pean Studies ‘98). Prof. Sorin Antohi, CEU Academic Pro-Rector, encompasssing other, related disciplines—such as political sci- then announced the students’ choice of Prof. Tibor Várady of ence, economics, law. CEU’s Special and Extension Pr o g r a m s — the Legal Studies Department as “Professor of the Year 1997/ currently including such successful outreach initiatives as the 1998.” The final address of the evening was given by Am- Summer University, the Curriculum Resource Center, do c toral sup- bassador Donald M. Blinken, Chancellor, CEU Council. port programs, mobility schemes, and special programs—will grow into the leading regional network of its kind, including A highlight of this year’s ceremony was the conferring of CEU’s first distance/Internet education, short-term academic and profession- three doctoral degrees: Stanko Andric and Margaret Dimitrova were al programs, flexible partnerships with other relevant entities, awarded PhDs in Medieval Studies, and Dragan Golubovic was from the Soros foundations network to the European Union, awarded an SJD from the Legal Studies Department.

4 1998/99 academic year opens in budapest . . .

CEU’s 1998/99 academic year was officially opened in Budapest at the Museum of Applied Arts on September 17. The program commenced with a musical prélude by the Stacatto Ensemble and opening remarks by CEU Executive Vice-President István Teplán. New students, faculty and guests were then greeted by Budapest Mayor Gábor Demszky, György Bazsa, Rector of Kossuth Lajos University (Debrecen, Hungary), and Michael Lake, Head of Delegation of the European Commission to Hungary. After the heads of CEU academic department and programs were introduced and alumni speaker Serge Sych (IRES ‘97) welcomed entering students, CEU President and Rector Prof. Josef Jarabˇ delivered his opening address. The program concluded with the screening of Magna Charta Universitatum, followed by a reception in the main hall of the museum.

Budapest Mayor Gábor Demszky

. . . and in warsaw

The inaugural ceremony for the 1998/99 academic year was held in the Staszic Palace in Warsaw on October 2. After opening remarks by Prof. Edmund Mokrzycki, CEU Warsaw Pro-Rector, CEU President and Rector Prof. Josef Jarabˇ and CEU Executive Vice-President István Teplán welcomed the incoming students to Central Prof. Zygmunt Bauman European University. John McClintock, First Secretary, Delegation of the Euro- pean Commission in War s a w , then spoke briefly about his belief that CEU “has a fundamental role to play in the building of the new Europe.” Mirosl/aw Mossakowski, Vice-President of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Maria Bobrova, a CEU alumna pursuing PhD studies at the University of Leeds, and Andrzej Dakowski, Ex e c u t i v e Director of the Polish Fulbright Commission also addressed the students, faculty and guests before Prof. Zygmunt Bauman of the University of Leeds delivered this year’s stirring Inaugural Lecture.

5 new ceu senate e l e c t i o n s

On the basis of the consensus formed at a June 30, 1998, meet- da y , September 30. In the presence of the Vot e - C o u n t i n g ing between members of the CEU Board of Trustees and the Committee, the cast votes were counted and the winners anno- CEU Senate, the Senate proceeded with the establishment of un c e d . election procedures. Voter turnout demonstrated the faculty’s high level of interest in In line with these procedures, the Office of the Executive Vic e - these first-ever Senate elections: some 83 percent of eligible President distributed the relevant documentation to eligible voters cast their ballots by the deadline. voters in both the Senior and Junior categories. Sixty-four Senior voters and 29 Junior voters on the CEU faculty A ballot box for completed ballots was placed in the Executive chose among candidates for five Senior and two Junior seats on Vic e - P r e s i d e n t ’ s office, with close of voting at 5:00 p.m. on Wed n e s - the Senate. The newly-elected Senate members for 1998/99 are:

Senior Members

Stefano Guzzini

János Kis

Gábor Klaniczay

Alfred Rieber

Tibor Várady

Junior Members

Andrea Peto´´

Diana Ürge-Vorsatz

6 admissions update: interest on the rise for 1999/2000

After a record increase in applications of 49 percent between acad- dents about the university’s programs, especially the opening of the emic years 1996/97 and 1997/98, CEU saw its first decrease in Alumni Affairs Office in January 1998. Headed by Serge Sych applications for the class of 1998/99, with a fall of 7 percent. Three (IRES ‘97) and with assistance from work-study student Sara thousand nine-hundred and fifty-eight applications were received Svensson (Political Science ‘99), the office has made notable for the 569 places of study available for new students, meaning that progress in increasing alumni involvement in its first 10 months; 14 percent of those applying were offered admission. this contributes greatly to CEU’s campaign to recruit top scholars.

The Office of Recruitment, Admissions and Alumni Affairs (RAA) The most popular departments with prospective students, as in sees the slight decrease in applications as stabilization of the appli- years past, are the International Relations and European Studies cant pool after the substantial boom in 1997/98. Over a two-year (IRES) Program and the Economics Department. IRES received period, CEU is still attracting 39 percent more applications than 801 applications for 42 student places for a 5 percent acceptance two years ago. In addition, inquiries appear to be rising for the class rate. Economics received 716 applications for 53 places for new of 1999/2000. At this point, RAA has already distributed over students for a 7 percent applicant to student ratio. 17,000 applications, compared to approximately 12,000 at this time last year. The Soros foundations in the region are also reporting that Countries with the highest number of applications include Russia inquiries appear to be up. (528), Romania (437), Ukraine (369), Bulgaria (360) and Hungary (3 2 8 ) . RAA predicts that a number of recent developments at CEU will also prove beneficial in helping to inform more prospective stu-

statement on liberal education in central and eastern europe

On October 24 Prof. Josef Jarab,ˇ President and Rector of CEU, spoke at “Artes H A closer integration of teaching and research Liberales: Liberal Education and Our Societies,” a conference of Central and H The introduction of an academic credit system as an in- Eastern European university educators held in Budapest. The following statement strument of freer choice of courses for students was prepared by the conference participants and adopted during the final session H Increased teacher and student mobility and exchanges with all present voting in favor, save one abstention. H The exploration of new models of international education H A better balance of the tension between the quality of The decade of change that has begun to transform the societies of education and access to it Central and Eastern Europe from rigid systems into freer and more dynamic communities has affected all aspects of life—the public After the first conference, “What Does Liberal Education Offer the discourse, values, and ideals being no exception. The change is not Civil Society?”, organized in Budapest by the Christian A. Johnson finished, nor in a constantly developing society can it ever be. In Endeavor Fou n d a t i o n ’ s Educational Leadership Program in 1996, this situation, the proper role of education has changed in some participants came to the conclusion that liberal education could countries from political and ideological control to a process of rais- become a critical agent in the process of transforming the societies ing self-assured, free individuals who are able to cope with the of post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe. As a follow-up, challenges of a rapidly evolving environment. the association Artes Liberales, devoted to the promotion of the ideas of liberal education, was founded in January 1997 in Prague. As a way of liberalizing education, changes have begun to be implemented to various degrees in Belarus, Bulgaria, the Czech Re p u b l i c , A general meeting of Artes Liberales took place in Budapest on Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia, the October 22-25, 1998, with participants including more than 100 Slovak Republic and Ukraine. These changes have taken place in university rectors, vice rectors, professors, educators, and students either completely new institutions, or academic structures within from 15 countries. As a result of the four-day conference of focused old institutions or small flexible units outside academic institutions. addresses, intensive debates, and model classroom workshops Combining the classical traditions of European education with and demonstrations, participants issued a call to educational new methods and experiences, they have shown positive results in leaders, politicians and the general public to support the idea of a very short time. liberal education. They called for the joint effort of everyone who is involved in reforming higher education to introduce liberal arts While there are many differences from country to country, needed as a way of cultivating a spirit of critical thinking and intellectual changes throughout the region include: independence and of promoting the values of civic maturity, with- out which civil society and strong democracies are not possible. H More interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary study H More and better teacher training

7 “ u n i v e r s i t i e s for freedom, freedom for universities”

The new Law on Universities passed in Serbia in May 1998 has yielded dramatic consequences. Dozens of professors have lost their jobs, the universities have lost their autonomy and some

Belgrade University professors described the consequences of Serbia’s new “undesirable” professors have been forcibly evicted from the lecture Law on Universities: (left to right) moderator Prof. Tibor Várady (CEU), Prof. Zagorka Golubovic, Prof. Vladeta Jankovic and Prof. Vesna Rakic Vod i n e l i c room. In response to these developments the CEU Senate, in its meeting of October 16, decided to host a meeting with professors from Belgrade University as a gesture of solidarity. The Senate appointed Prof. Tibor Várady of the Legal Studies Department to organize the visit, and on behalf of Central European University he invited nine professors from Belgrade University for meetings with

CEU professors in Budapest on November 1-3.

Well-known members of the international media were among those present at the morning press conference. During their stay, the professors met with their CEU colleagues to discuss the consequences of the new law as well as ways in which

CEU might be able to provide support, both practical and symbol- ic, for alternative academic activities. They also participated in a two-part public event, “Universities for Freedom, Freedom for

Universities,” which aimed to call greater international attention to the plight of Serbia’s universities. This event took place on The members of the panel participated in an intensive question and November 2, beginning with an international press conference in answer session with the media and CEU representatives and guests. the CEU Auditorium, and continuing with an evening reception at which the Belgrade University professors were able to engage in discussion with members of the CEU community and prominent

Hungarian intellectuals. The Hungarian writer György Konrád,

President of the Berlin Academy of Arts, delivered a brief address at the reception, and Michael Lake, Head of Delegation of the

European Commission to Hungary, also addressed the assembled CEU Academic Pro-Rector Prof. SorinAntohi announced that meetings were being held to discuss how CEU could assist the Belgrade guests. CEU Founder George Soros and Aryeh Neier, President of University professors. He also noted that many CEU professors experi- enced similar constraints and adversity before 1989. “What makes this the Open Society Institute, also welcomed the Belgrade professors. absolutely monstrous,” he said, “is that it happens in 1998.”

8 We are confronted . . . with a suffocation of all independent and so far relatively autonomous institutions: the autonomy of the university is completely crushed by the new Law on Universities . . .

. . . As far as the university is concerned, the new law has changed its nature completely: it is becoming a bureaucratic service of the state, with the university staff as the state’s employees who have lost their rights a) to practice freedom of scientific and creative work due to the fact that faculty deans, under the super- vision of the ministries, will decide which programs are suitable and which are not, and who will be appointed to perform them, instead of the previously existing practice of such decisions being approved by the Scientific Board; b) to participate in decision- making in regard to the improvement of the sciences and education, because this is now given as an exclusive prerogative to the faculty deans; and c) to elect the rectors and deans, or the university and faculty Boards, because the government appoints them. What is more, all the members of the university staff are ordered to sign a contract, which is in fact an expression of loy- Prof. Branko Popovic holding class on the street outside alty to the new regime’s policy at the university; those who have Belgrade University. (On October 27, private security guards hired by the new dean of his faculty interrupted declined to do so were deprived of their right to teach. his class and carried him out of the classroom.)

- Excerpt from a statement by Prof. Zagorka Golubovic, Bel- grade University

Prof. Tibor Várady of the CEU Legal Studies Department speaks at The keynote speaker in the evening, noted Hungarian intellectual and the evening reception for the Belgrade University professors. author, György Konrád addresses the gathering of CEU academics.

Michael Lake, Head of Delegation of the European Commission to Among the guests in the evening were CEU Founder George Soros (left) Hungary stresses the importance of intellectual and academic freedom. and (right) Aryeh Neier, President of the Open Society Institute, being greeted by György Konrád. Photos: Kovács László Péter

9 “what does open society mean?” soros engages in discussion with students

On October 31, in a CEU Auditorium overflowing with students Crisis of Global Capitalism. (To help ensure a lively and informed and guests, CEU Founder George Soros participated in a discus- discussion, advance copies of relevant sections of the book were sion on “What Does Open Society Mean?”. On this occasion made available to students beforehand.) During the discussion, Soros came not to deliver a lecture, but to take part in a collegial moderated by Academic Pro-Rector Sorin Antohi, Soros engaged discussion with CEU students and to hear their feedback about in an animated debate with the students and fielded their ques- the concept of open society as presented in his latest book, Th e tions about his opinion of world events.

Photos: Kovács László Péter

debating “the capitalist threat”

In “The Capitalist Threat,” an article published in the Feb r u a r y 1997 issue of the Atlantic Monthly, George Soros argued that “The doctrine of laissez-faire capitalism holds that the common good is best served by the uninhibited pursuit of self-interest. Unless it is tempered by the recognition of a common interest that ought to take precedence over particular interests, our present system— which, however imperfect, qualifies as an open society—is liable to break down.”

On June 22, prominent intellectuals and dignitaries gathered at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences to debate this thesis. After an introduction by Soros himself and a discussion of his arguments by András Brody (Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Olivier Giscard d’Estaing (Business Association for the World Social Summit, Paris), Ferenc Rabár (Budapest University of Economic Sciences) and Jörn Rüsen (Kulturwissenschaftliches Institut, Essen), the audience was invited to participate in an open debate.

The hosts of the event were Prof. Sorin Antohi, CEU Academic Pro-Rector, Prof. András Nemeslaki, MBA Director and Asso- ciate Dean, International Management Center, and Prof. László Zsolnai, Director, Business Ethics Center, Budapest University of Economic Sciences.

10 between past and future: the revolutions of 1989 and the struggle for democracy in central and eastern europe

To explore the duality at the core of the post-communist condi- and ethnic conflicts within the new democracies; risks of anti- tion—that is, the ongoing conflict between the liberal, pro- democratic, neo-communist and populist backlashes; the role of Western forces versus the enemies of open societies—Central the political elite in shaping democratic cultures; and the impact of European University and the University of Maryland’s Center international organizations and structures on democratic consolida- for the Study of Post Communist Societies are undertaking a major ti o n . intellectual project. This project, “Between Past and Future: Th e Revolutions of 1989 and the Struggle for Democracy in Central and “Between Past and Future” will examine the transitions from state Eastern Europe,” will consist of a conference to be held socialism in Central and Eastern Europe from the perspective of Budapest on March 26-28, 1999, and an edited volume to be the conflict between supporters and enemies of open societies. published by CEU Press, examining the legacy of the 1989 rev- The project’s purpose is to foster a collaborative and comprehen- olutions and the prospects for continued democratic consolida- sive research agenda focused on the political, moral and cultural tion during the first decade of the 21st century. There will also contradictions of post-communism and their impact on interna- be a concurrent film festival and exhibit organized by the Open tional stability. By illuminating the interplay between trends in the Society Archives documenting the events of 1989 and their region and in the West, the project will aim to clarify the Wes t ’ s legacy. potential influence on the post-communist countries. It will attempt to identify the main political dilemmas, assess their impli- The tenth anniversary of communism’s collapse in Central and cations for the future of the region, and develop an agenda for the Eastern Europe will offer policy-makers an opportunity to exam- West to support the democratic, pluralistic forces in the region. ine anew the lessons of the first post-communist decade and spec- The project will contribute to the formulation of effective policies ulate on the agenda for the next. Since 1989, policy-makers and that ensure the prevalence of open societies over anti-democratic, taxpayers in the United States and Western Europe have been neo-communist and populist backlashes. asked to understand, protect and finance democratic development in the former communist states. This investment has produced Organized by CEU’s Academic Pro-Rector, Prof. Sorin Antohi, unexpected outcomes, particularly regarding significant policy and Prof. Vladimir Tismaneanu of the University of Maryland, issues such as the prospects for pluralism and the dangers of social this unique conference promises to be a highlight of 1999. betty friedan hosted by program on gender & culture

Betty Friedan, “the grand old lady of American feminism” and After three decades of promoting her own strain of feminism, pub- the world’s foremost spokesperson for women’s rights, visited lishing six volumes and regularly contributing to the New Yor k CEU on November 24. Hosted by the Program on Gender & Tim e s , the New Republic, and the New Yor k e r , she admits in her Culture, she met with students of the program and other uni- latest book, The Fountain Ag e , “with relief and excitement, my lib- versity guests. eration from the power politics of the women’s movement, I recog- nized my own compelling need to transcend the war between sexes, The 1963 publication of Fri e d a n ’ s book The Feminine Mystique is oppressed victims, against men as a whole sex, oppressors... The regarded as the catalytic work of the women’s movement, a move- unexpectedness of this new quest has been my adventure into age.” ment which changed the lives of women, and according to Nancy Mairs in the New York Times Book Review, “not to mention the lives At CEU, she spoke about family values, very much within a of our husbands, lovers, daughters and sons, whether they know it fr a m e work which proved the validity of the statement by Marilyn or not.” Friedan is the founder of the National Organization for Fre n c h , who praised her for “remain(ing) true to her principles, Women (NOW), the National Wom e n ’ s Political Caucus, and the personal and political. She has been and remains a bridge between National Abortion Rights Action League (NARAL). She has been a conservative and radical elements of feminism, and an ardent visiting distinguished professor at the University of Southern advocate of harmony and humane values.” And, for Betty Fri e d a n , California, New York University, George Mason University and Mt. the right to be an autonomous woman is a human right. Vernon College. Andrea Peto´´ women, family and politics in central europe

On December 3 and 4, the conference “Construction and Recon- offices in Budapest and Sofia, and the Feminist Section of the struction: Women, Family and Politics in Central Europe (1945– Hungarian Sociological Association. Taking advantage of this Central 1998)” was held at the Goethe-Institut in Budapest. The event was European network of organizing institutions, the conference sought sponsored by CEU’s Program on Gender & Culture, the Au s t r i a n to bring together specialists researching women in politics and in the Institute of South Eastern and Eastern European Studies with its fa m i l y , and to bridge history and contemporary politi c s .

11 rector’s distinguished recent open society lecturers series archives exhibits

The first lecture in the Rector’s Distinguished Lecturers Series for “Prague Spring/Prague Fall - 1968” 1998/99 took place on November 5, with Mi ch a l/ Ku l e s z a , Pol i s h Secretary of State in the Chancellery of the Prime Minister— From September 10 to October 11, the Open Society Archives’ Government Plenipotentiary for the Systemic Reform of the State, Galeria Centralis hosted “Prague Spring/Prague Fall - 1968” an speaking about “Objectives and Results of Public Ad m i n i s t r a t i o n exhibition placing the reforms in Prague in the context of events Reform in Poland in the Context of Polish Accession to the that took place world-wide in 1968, thus focusing on largely for- European Union.” Prof. Kulesza has been one of the main authors gotten events or newly discovered details about this last attempt of the reforms of public administration currently being introduced to create a socialist utopia in Europe. The lost world of the in Poland. His lecture was presented by the International Relations Prague Spring was brought to life in a multimedia exhibition and European Studies Program. including rare photographs, archival materials, contemporary film news, music and posters. The barricades of Paris’ Latin Quarter, Polish police forces brutally crushing student demonstrations, and the battles fought in Vietnam and elsewhere in the Third World served as a backdrop for the events in Prague. In addition, the exhibition refuted the legend of the bloodless inva- sion of Czechoslovakia and the fable of János Kádár’s unwilling- ness to take part, and critically examined the mythology of the “Prague Spring” and “Prague Fall.”

CEU President and Rector Prof. Josef Jarabˇ (left) introduces Prof. Michal/ Kulesza.

Professor Vladimir Tis m a n e a n u, Pro- fessor of Government and Politics at the University of Maryland, delivered the second lecture in the Rector’s Distinguished Lecturers Series on November 26. Prof. Tismaneanu, spoke about “Beyond Le f t and Right: The Cultural Contradiction of Postcommunism.” Earlier this year he was the recipient of the award of the Romanian-American Academy of Sciences for his most recent book, Fantasies of Salvation: Democ- ra c y , Nationalism, and Myth in Pos t - C o m m u n i s t Europe (1998). "Freeze Frames of Communism"

The latest exhibition at Galeria Centralis, "Freeze Frames of Communism" (October 21 - December 18) focused on "slide- former ambassador films," celluloid strips with 20 to 40 frames telling a story, usually viewed with the help of a special projector. A medium pop- d i s c u s s e s ular in the ’50s and ’60s in the former socialist countries, the slidefilm was used for entertainment and propaganda purposes. european integration "Freeze Frames" examined explicit and implicit propaganda slidefilms, showing Hungarian and Russian slidefilms in their original format as well as with new technology. Christopher Long, former British Am - bassador to Hungary, delivered a lecture on “Aspects of European Integration” at CEU on November 10. His lecture, sponsored by the International Relations and European Studies Program, addressed current processes of political and economic integration in Western Europe, the prospects for the next few years, and implications for Hungary and other countries in Central and Eastern Europe interested in accession to the European Union. Long served as Ambassador to Hungary from 1995 to July 1998.

12 ihf donates records to the open society archives at ceu

The International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights (IHF) Helsinki Human Rights Movement,” an exhibition in the Ar c h i v e s ’ has donated 22 linear meters of its records to the Open Society Galeria Centralis displaying documents, photographs and other Archives at CEU, and since late June these records have been authentic IHF records telling the story of the dissident movement available for research use. The records, dating from 1983 to and communist prosecution. 1996, include administrative files, files on activities in each of the countries where Helsinki Committees are established, and documents regarding the IHF’s monitoring of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe and its successor, the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe. Although some of the material is closed to researchers to protect individuals currently working in the human rights field, the majority of the files are open. They document the main concerns and spheres of activity of this important player in the arena of elim- inating human rights abuse, and provide an in-depth look at the changing conditions in Central and Eastern Europe between the signing of the Helsinki Act and the present. Announcement of the donation of IHF records to the Open Society Archives: (left A press conference on June 27 announcing the records’ av a i l a b i l i t y to right) Aaron Rhodes, IHF Executive Director, Gazmend Pula (Kosovo), Iurii Orlov (Russia), Sonja Biserko (Serbia) and Trudy H. Peterson, Executive Director, coincided with the opening of “23 Years of the International Open Society Archives at CEU.

ceu budapest library: electronic database development enhances research capabilities

CE U ’ s electronic databases and services have developed extreme- Three bibliographical databases—BookFind, the Library of Cong- ly quickly during the past two years, and now 22 major databases ress Catalogue and the Hungarian National Periodical Database — complement the printed holdings of the CEU Budapest Library. are shared by all departments, and many departments use Ke e s i n g ’ s Although electronic databases have always been an important part Records of World Events, So c i o f i l e and Public Affairs Information of the library’s strategy, in previous years the number of databases Se r v i c e s . was limited. Computers were also at an uneven technical level, resulting in limited access to the databases. Recent technical de- A number of other databases are available for specialized research. velopments have changed the entire CEU computing environ- The Legal Studies Department now has five databases, including ment. A central program installation and distribution system now Justis Celex, the official legal database of the European Union, enables users at any CEU computer to access available databases and Le g a l Tr a c k , which provides access to more than 800 legal with one click. The new configuration is made even more user- periodicals. In addition, there are three databases covering envi- friendly by graphical interfaces and much on-line help. This cen- ronmental issues, and students in the Economics Department and tral management system also enables the Information Tec h n o l o g y the International Management Center also have access to four Support Unit to serve the CEU community with a very small IT specialized data sources. staff, says Software Director Gábor Far k a s . At the beginning of the academic year the library held mandatory The library’s database holdings reflect the university’s curriculum, classes tailored to specific fields for entering students, and this and subscriptions are based on requirements of the academic training continues throughout the academic year on a small-group departments. Periodical holdings are complemented by two excel- basis. While there is still much to be done to integrate these elec- lent databases: Sw e t S c a n , an on-line electronic table-of-contents tronic resources into the teaching process, according to Zsuzsa service covering 13,000 journals; and EBSCO Academic Search Gá b o r , the library’s Head of Public Services, statistics show that Fu l l T ext Elite, which provides abstracts and indexes for over 4,000 database use has increased significantly. journals and includes full-text articles for more than 1,000 of these.

13 the book pages

Comparing Transformations in Eastern Europe and Latin America Why did Eastern Europeans protest less about argues that structural, institutional and cultural factors have put the brutal social consequences of systemic a break on destabilizing collective actions and have paved the change than the people of Latin America a way for the emergence of the enduring, low-level equilibrium decade earlier? Why has the region-wide between incomplete democracy and imperfect market ec o n o m y authoritarian populist turnabout not occurred? which seems set to the characterize the Eastern European expe- Why has democracy in these countries proved rience for the foreseeable future. to be crisis-proof? In what ways has economic crisis impacted on the politics of the region? The Political Economy of Protest and Pat i e n c e was officially launched on June 24 in the CEU Bookshop with an introduction Addressing these questions in The Political Economy of Protest and by Prof. János Kis, Head of the Political Science Department. Pat i e n c e , Prof. Béla Greskovits, Deputy Head of the CEU Pol i - tical Science Department, uses a comparative analysis of the Béla Greskovits, The Political Economy of Protest and Pat i e n c e : structures, institutions, cultures and actors shaping both the East Europe and Latin American Transformations Compared Eastern European and the Latin American transformations. He (Budapest: CEU Press, 1998)

Intellectuals and Politics in Central Europe

On January 19, 1999, Intellectuals and Pol i t i c s artists and scientists. A unique feature of the book is that it deals in Central Europe, a new CEU Press publica- not only with the role of intellectuals in the preparation of the tion edited by Prof. András Bozóki of the CEU peaceful revolutions in the individual countries, but also critically Political Science Department, will be officially analyzes their role in the transition and their behavior in the launched at the CEU Bookshop. Discussing emerging democracies. the role of intellectuals in the political transition of the late 1980s and early 1990s and their “The essays assembled in this book will provide a rich source of participation in the political life of the new insights on the continuities and changes in that role in the de m o cracies of Central Europe, this book presents original essays course of the region’s dramatic changes. The book deserves to from authors who discuss the eight countries in the region. be read by all serious students of Central European politics.”

In his introduction to the volume, Prof. Bozóki gives a historical Judy Batt, University of Birmingham, UK overview of the tradition of the political involvement of intellectuals in these countries, especially in the nineteenth century. The András Bozóki, editor, Intellectuals and Politics in Central Europe chapters which follow describe the typical political and social atti- (Budapest: CEU Press, 1998) tudes of Central European intellectuals, including writers, poets,

Volume Edited by CEU Professors Introduced in the Bookshop

Hungarian An a r c h i s m , a Hungarian-language pub- Nagy and Prof. Andrea Peto´´ of the Program on Gender & Culture. lication edited by CEU professors András Bozóki and Miklós Sükösd, was presented at the CEU András Bozóki and Miklós Sükösd, editors, Hungarian An a r c h i s m Bookshop on November 26. The book was intro- [Magyar anarchizmus] (Budapest: Balassi Kiadó, 1998) duced to the CEU community by the writer An d r á s

a holiday gift from the ceu bookshop

In December, students at CEU’s Budapest teaching site received a holiday gift from the CEU Bookshop in the form of Book Bonus vouchers worth 2500 forints toward any book purchase of 3500 forints or more at the CEU Bookshop or the Bestsellers English-language book- store. Students at the Warsaw teaching site will receive Book Bonus vouchers at a later date.

14 A Transnational Perspective on International Commercial Arbitration

Globalization within the business world is This textbook contains materials drawn from legislation, court today not only a slogan: it has been reality for a decisions, arbitral awards, and commentary from all parts of the long time. This means commercial transac- world. The approach is indeed a logical one—this being the tions all over the world: manufacturers are truly transnational character of international commercial arbi- sourced by suppliers from every continent tration. In an international commercial arbitration procedure while suppliers, producing more and more the parties necessarily have different nationalities: one arbitra- components instead of simple parts for manu- tor usually coming from a country other than those of the other fa c t u r e r s ’ needs are sourced, in turn, from the parties, with the applicable law perhaps being drawn from sev- global market to which the manufactured goods return. These eral legal systems, and once the awards have been rendered the global activities involve not only simple sales of goods but more ruling is enforceable at any of the 116 parties to the 1958 United and more world-wide distribution networks, franchising, licensing Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of and other forms of international commercial cooperation. Foreign Arbitral Awards. But the “internationality” of transnational commercial arbitration does not stop here: the arbitration And in these global commercial activities arbitration—interna- tribunal is not created by and doesn’t owe allegiance to any sov- tional commercial arbitration—is frequently TH E dispute settle- ereign and is not bound by the procedural or substantive law of ment method. The increased importance of this international the state in which it sits. commercial arbitration in the modern commercial world is only one of the reasons why an outstanding new book, International The presentation of the subject follows in some respects a Commercial Arbitration – A Transnational Perspective, should model that was developed in American legal education during become a regular part of the curricula of law schools. During the 20th century. Early this century many subjects were taught their studies students should familiarize themselves with the there as either regional or state-specific law. Technically, the issues of considerable importance which the subject matter of law being studied and taught was generated by the legislature this book covers and be brought closer to the problems of pri- and courts of a single state of the United States. Later on, how- vate dispute resolution mechanisms that are not the creatures ev e r , leading American law schools came to teach these courses as of any particular national law system. “national” rather than state subjects. Textbooks in the United States now draw primary materials from all state systems and Three outstanding professors undertook the task of bringing stu- emphasize the subject’s essential features. dents closer to such sensitive problems: Tibor Várady, Professor of Law at Central European University, Budapest, and Emory Univer- The authors of this book were guided by this basic model but sity School of Law; John J. Barcelo III, William Nelson Cromwell with a shift of focus from the “national” to the “transnational” Professor of International and Comparative Law, Cornell Law level underlying the global conformity in legal concepts, and School, and a visiting professor at Central European University; proceeding from these global solutions to national differences. and Arthur von Mehren, Story Professor of Law, Emeritus, Harvard Law School. The resulting work, International Commercial Ar b i t - The material compiled and analyzed is of highly practical value not ration – A Transnational Per s p e c t i v e , will soon be released as part only for students but also for every practitioner, covering as it does of the American Casebook Series. the drafting of an arbitration clause for an international contract, the representation of a client in an international arbitration or the It is divided into five chapters. An introductory chapter is followed enforcement (or resistance of enforcement) of a foreign arbitral by one on the authority of arbitration tribunals, while Chapter III award. It is of special importance and an honor for our university covers the problems which face arbitrators. Chapter IV deals with that the first of the three authors of this outstanding book, Tib o r focal points in the arbitration process, and the last chapter, Chapter Vá r a d y , is a professor at Central European University. V, is dedicated to the effects and limits of awards rendered in international commercial arbitration. A Table of Cases four pages Stefan Messmann in length precedes Chapter I, and there is a substantial Index at the end. Tibor Várady, John J. Barcelo III and Arthur von Mehren, In t e r - national Commercial Arbitration – A Transnational Per s p e c tive (St. Paul: West Publishing Co.,1999)

Board of Trustees Member Presents Book at CEU

A book-signing by Professor György Enyedi, a member of the CEU Board of Trustees and a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, took place on December 10 in the CEU Bookshop. The work, Social Change and Urban Restructuring in Eastern Europe, was introduced by CEU University Professor Jiríˇ Musil.

15 lithuanian ambassador v i s i t s c e u

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On October 29, Dr. Vygintas Grinis, Ambassador of Lithuania Nádor u. 9., 1051 Budapest, Hungary to the Czech Republic and Hungary, held a series of meetings at CEU and toured the university during his first visit to Hungary Tel.: (36-1) 327-3222 Fax: (36-1) 327-3820 as Am b a s s a d o r . Pictured above are Ambassador Grinis, Coun- sellor Violeta Motulaite and Péter Vadas, Honorary Consul to E-mail: [email protected] Hungary (sixth, fifth and fourth from right, respectively) at a meeting with Lithuanians studying and working at CEU and WWW: http://www.ceu.hu the Open Society Institute-Budapest.