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TRAFFIC Bulletin TRAFFIC 2 BULLETIN HAWKSBILL TURTLE TRADE IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA IVORY IN THAILAND AND VIET NAM JUNE 2009 VOL. 22 NO. 2 22 NO. VOL. JUNE 2009 The journal of the TRAFFIC network disseminates information on the trade in wild animal and plant resources The TRAFFIC Bulletin is a publication of TRAFFIC, the TRAFFIC wild life trade monitoring net - work, which works to ensure that trade in wild plants and B U L L E T I N animals is not a threat to the conservation of nature. TRAFFIC is a joint programme of WWF and IUCN. VOL. 22 NO. 2 JUNE 2009 The TRAFFIC Bulletin publishes information and original papers on the subject of trade in wild animals and plants, and strives to be a source of accurate and objective information. CONTENTS The TRAFFIC Bulletin is available free of charge. Quotation of information appearing in the news sections is editorial New action to address welcomed without permission, but citation must be given. illegal trade in timber Reprod uction of all other material appearing in the TRAFFIC Bulletin requires written permission from the H.K. Chen publisher. 47 MANAGING EDITOR Steven Broad EDITOR AND COMPILER Kim Lochen SUBSCRIPTIONS Susan Vivian (E-mail: [email protected]) news Illegal logging in Madagascar The designations of geographical entities in this Workshops publication, and the presentation of the material, do not FairWild Foundation imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part Global Tiger Initiative of TRAFFIC or its supporting organizations con cern ing 48 Spot check on fur sales in Kabul the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its Trade in Russian Far East Part 2 authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers ASEAN Wildlife Forensics Project or boundaries. Any opinions expressed are those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect those of TRAFFIC, WWF or IUCN. feature An assessment of the Published by TRAFFIC International, trade in Hawksbill Turtles in 219a Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, Cambs., Papua New Guinea CB3 0DL, UK. © TRAFFIC International 2009 62 J. Kinch and E.A. Burgess ISSN 0267-4297 UK Registered Charity No. 1076722 Cover illustration: Hawksbill Turtle Eretmochelys imbricata (© WaterFrame) seizures and A round-up of recent seizures This page, from top: prosecutions and prosecutions that have Illegal timber stocks. Sebanggan River, taken place around the world Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. (© Tantyo Bangun / WWF-Canon); Leopard skin, Afghanistan (© A.R. Manati); Hawksbill Turtle carapace mask (© J. Kinch); 73 Trophy seizure (© TRAFFIC Europe-Russia); Ivory carving (© D. Stiles). feature The status of the ivory trade in Thailand and Viet Nam 83 D. Stiles Funding for the printing and distribution of this issue of the TRAFFIC Bulletin is generously provided by The Rufford Maurice Laing Foundation. Printed on recycled paper by Portland Print, Kettering, Northants NN16 8UN. E D I T O R I A L ver the past three decades, the rate of deforestation TRAFFIC has been working on various aspects of such trade around the world has remained at a very high level— chains for several years, and under its new four-year Oabout 16 million hectares per year—and, as recent programme (2009-2012) will continue focusing on investigations show, degradation of remaining forests is improving governance and transparency of the timber widespread. Timber remains an important global commodity: harvest and trade. the value of solid timber-based commodity products (veneer, The first priority for international instruments to be sawn wood, plywood and logs) in international trade was effective is the need to ensure that documentation required USD46 billion in 2006. The international community is by Customs in a consumer country reflects the legal systems recognizing that trade-related instruments and tools to of the exporting country. This can only happen if all improve forest governance and conserve forests are more and stakeholders are aware of what it means to be legal and there more relevant. Good forest governance that is transparent is transparency in implementation of the laws. TRAFFIC and based on legality and sustainability is also a critical has attempted to help address this issue in seven countries— element of efforts to reduce the contribution of forest loss China, Viet Nam, Malaysia, Gabon, Central African and degradation on climate change. Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Republic of the Congo—through the development of a common framework for assessing legality of timber products in trade through Principles, Criteria and E D I T O R I A L Indicators for use by companies that are members of the WWF Global Forest and Trade Network (GFTN). The evidence-based approach of the common framework operates at each step in the trade chain. In recent years, a number of countries have instituted new However, governments design their systems and institutions legal instruments to combat the entry of illegally harvested to maximize revenue through royalty and fee collection, and traded timber products into their countries. The USA while maintaining the resource base. Therefore, it is amended the Lacey Act in 2008 to cover timber products and important that the assessment of legality includes other the European Union (EU) is working on the Forest Law aspects of laws relating to social, environmental and conser- Enforcement Governance and Trade (FLEGT) initiatives that vation measures, to ensure a comprehensive framework of include Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPA) with co- legality is used that is broadly applicable across countries operating producer countries and ‘Due Diligence’ legislation rather than one that is solely concerned with forest for all non-FLEGT VPA countries exporting timber products management and harvest for timber production. to the region. China, an increasingly important driver in Transparency is the key and if governments are able to timber trade flows, has defined rules on responsible conduct implement all their forestry laws in a transparent manner, for Chinese enterprises involved in forestry abroad, and this will help to reduce many types of illegality—from the governments around the globe now implement public source through the entire trade chain. New approaches will procurement schemes that take into account a combination be needed owing to the current weaknesses in forest of legality and sustainability criteria. Many voluntary certifi- governance and transparency in many tropical and some cation schemes have also been established for individual temperate timber-producing countries. Monitoring should concessionaires covering these criteria, including local include more participatory and independent multi- community ownership of forests. At the same time, countries stakeholders, and reforms may be needed to ensure local experiencing rampant illegal logging, such as Indonesia, have communities and social issues are given sufficient signed Memoranda of Understanding with a number of prominence and legal support. New administrative countries to obtain support and collaboration to control the mechanisms may also be needed to link the trade chain in harvesting and illegal timber trade, for example with the such a way as to reduce incidences of the mixing of unknown USA, UK, China, and Japan. Customs, as the most important and illegal timber with that which is legal. agency that controls cross border trade, has the World Development of such tools has hitherto been on an ad- Customs Organization’s SAFE Framework of Standards to hoc basis as issues arise and as governments take heed of standardize protocols for trade, including timber products. them. In order to maximize efficiency, such instruments Some countries are also encouraging Free Trade Agreements need to be implemented in a complementary and co- (FTA) to include environmental issues in order to address ordinated manner. This will require a major paradigm shift potential gaps in timber trade controls, for example, the in exporting countries, moving away from maximizing addition of a new annex on forest sector governance in the revenue capture through controls and penalties, and instead US-Peru FTA. Preceding all of the above schemes, the demonstrating transparency along the trade chain. Put Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of another way, the issue at hand is good governance, from Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) came into force in 1976, and source to market in all sectors engaged in the industry. controls the export and import of species listed under CITES Together, this range of new measures, if implemented to through a permit system, that is controlled and monitored by their full potential, stand to have a significant impact in designated government agencies. curtailing illegal and unsustainable timber trade over the However, underpinning all of these international coming years. instruments is the need for strong legislative systems, procedures and operations in each country involved, with efficient and effective documentation at each step of the trade Chen Hin Keong Global Forest Trade Programme Leader, chain and strong oversight against abuse of the system. TRAFFIC International TRAFFIC Bulletin Vol. 22 No. 2 (2009) 47 N E W S AZRINA ABDULLAH left her position as Regional Director of TRAFFIC’s MoU with Environment Canada Southeast Asia programme in March 2009. Recruitment of her successor is under way. A new agreement to help reduce illegal and unsustainable wildlife trade was reached in CHRISTINE CHIZANA has been appointed Programme Officer at the
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