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Doctor of Philosophy
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by AMU Repository (Knowledge Repository) THE CONCEPT OF LIGHT IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF ISHRAQ THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy IN PHILOSOPHY By NAZIMA HASSAN UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF Dr. HAYAT AMIR DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2015 Dedicated to My Loving Parents & Supervisor Exter : 2700920-21-24 Phones Inter.: 1550-1551 DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY Dated…………………… Certificate This is to certify that the thesis titled “TheConcept ofLight in the Philosophy of Ishraq” is an original piece of research carried out byMs.Nazima Hassan (Enrol.No.GC-2061)under my supervision and the same has not been published or submitted elsewhere for the award of any other degree. Miss Nazima Hassan has consulted all the relevant and appropriate research material with regard to the topic of her Ph.D.theis. In my opinion, the present research work is of high quality and fit to be submitted for the award of the degree of the Doctor of Philosophy in Philosophy of the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (India). (Dr. Hayat Aamir) Supervisor ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Every Time We Remember to Say “Thank You”, We Experience Nothing less than Heaven on Earth. -Sarah Ban Breathnach I pen down my immense gratitude to all the people who were associated with me in any form during the tenure of this research work. It is rather a pleasure to convey my gratitude to all of them. This is the best opportunity and my pleasant duty to express my deep sense of gratitude to my esteemed supervisor, Dr. -
Sadra's Interpretation of Change
Open Journal of Philosophy 2013. Vol.3, No.1, 55-62 Published Online February 2013 in SciRes (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojpp) http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojpp.2013.31009 Dressing after Dressing: Sadra’s Interpretation of Change Muhammad Kamal Asia Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Email: [email protected] Received October 22nd, 2012; revised November 25th, 2012; accepted December 10th, 2012 This paper deals with the doctrine of transubstantial change advocated by Mulla Sadra in which sub- stances as well as accidents are thought to be in constant and gradual change. Against Aristotle’s doctrine of accidental change, Mulla Sadra argues that no stable ground can bring about change and since sub- stance is renewable it cannot carry identity of a changing existent. Here we investigate whether identity is possible or not. If it is possible then what becomes a ground for establishing identity of changing sub- stances. Keywords: Ontology; Existence; Essence; Change; Substantial Change; Accidental Change; Identity and Difference Sadra’s Ontology Contrary to Suhrawardi’s ontological position, Mulla Sadra does not accept the idea that “Existence” is unreal or that it is a While Muslim Peripatetic thinkers under the influence of mental concept. For him, “Existence” is an objective reality and Aristotle accepted change in accidents, Mulla Sadra insisted on the principle of all things. Its reality encompasses the lowest change in substance. For him, change in accidents is thinkable and the highest. At the highest it is the existence of the Nece- when substance undergoes change and transformed. Here I ssary Being. -
The Polemical Practice in Ancient Epicureanism* M
UDK 101.1;141.5 Вестник СПбГУ. Философия и конфликтология. 2019. Т. 35. Вып. 3 The polemical practice in ancient Epicureanism* M. M. Shakhnovich St. Petersburg State University, 7–9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation For citation: Shakhnovich M. M. The polemical practice in ancient Epicureanism. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2019, vol. 35, issue 3, pp. 461–471. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2019.306 The article explores the presentation methods of a philosophical doctrine in Greek and Ro- man Epicureanism; it is shown that for the ancient, middle, and Roman Epicureans a con- troversy with representatives of other philosophical schools was a typical way of present- ing their own views. The polemical practice, in which the basic principles of Epicureanism were expounded through the criticism of other philosophical systems, first of all, Academics and Stoics, was considered not only as the preferred way of presenting the own doctrine, but also as the most convenient rhetorical device, which had, among other things, didac- tic significance. The founder of the school, Epicurus, often included in his texts the terms used in other philosophical schools, giving them a different, often opposite, content. While presenting his teaching in the treatise “On Nature” or in letters to his followers, Epicurus pushed off the opinions of Democritus, Plato, and the Stoics, but resorted mainly to implicit criticism of his opponents, often without naming them by name. His closest students and later followers — Metrodorus, Hermarchus, Colotes, Philodemus, Lucretius, Diogenes of Oenoanda — continuing the controversy with the Academics and the Stoics, more frank- ly expressed their indignation about the “falsely understood Epicureanism” or erroneous opinions. -
Freed from Desire1 Countering Consumerism with Critical Epicureanism
Freed From Desire1 Countering Consumerism with Critical Epicureanism Master Thesis Philosophy by Robin Habbé, written under guidance of Johan Hartle ABSTRACT: Consumer society has the consumer in a tight hold; due to the cyclical nature of desire the consumer is manipulated to keep on consuming with disastrous ecological and social problems as a result. In my thesis I will elucidate the rise and the workings of contemporary consumer societies, more specifically the element of hedonism, because the organization of consumer society can be categorized as hedonistic. I will discuss hedonism and happiness as understood by Marcuse, as well as tactics for liberation from the imposed desires to consume. I will discover what room we have for emancipating the consumer by providing an alternative form of hedonism, based in Epicureanism. This thesis will show that Marcuse and Epicurus have very similar ideas as to how we should live happily, but most importantly on how to distinguish between true and false desires in order to live a more free and happy life, and to not destroy the planet while living. Keywords: Consumerism, Liberation, Hedonism, Emancipation, Epicureanism, Desire, Happiness, Marcuse, Aesthetic Revisioning, Critical Hedonism 1 This title is a reference to the 1996 dance song by Gala, a Belgian performer. The lyrics seem to be very much aligned with the teachings of Epicurus: condemning money, power and fame and the desire for them as something we should liberate ourselves from through strong beliefs. I would certainly recommend listening to them. ~ 1 ~ Introduction We live in strange times: most of the affluent inhabitants on our beautiful planet are consuming away an immense proportion of the scarce resources we have left. -
Muslim Philosophies: a Critical Overview1
Original paper UDC 1:28(045) doi: 10.21464/sp31204 Received January 5th, 2016 Ali Paya University of Westminster, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Languages, 309 Regent Street, London W1B 2HW, United Kingdom [email protected] Muslim Philosophies: A Critical Overview1 Abstract This paper aims to present a critical overview of the development of philosophical schools founded by Muslim thinkers in the context of Islamic civilisation. The emphasis of the paper is mostly on the reasons and causes of uneven development of this intellectual tradition in Muslim countries. I shall develop my arguments from within the philosophical framework of critical rationalism. While the views of various Muslim philosophers will be critically, though briefly, assessed, the role of other Muslim scholars such as theologians (mutakal- limun), mystics (‘urafa and Sufis) and jurists (fuqaha) in facilitating or hindering the har- monious growth of Muslims’ philosophical heritage will also be touched upon. Keywords Muslim philosophies, critical rationalism, Mashshaee (Peripatetic) School, the School of Shiraz, anti-philosophy trends I. Introduction As a critical rationalist, I regard philosophy as an intellectual pursuit to ex- plore and understand those aspects of reality which empirical sciences, or other human cognitive tools, cannot investigate.2 The above view of philoso- phy is, therefore, in contrast to other views, which regard philosophy to be a “language game” or an activity with “therapeutic purposes” only, or a tool for “domination and subjugation”. In my view, philosophies are developed in response to the challenges introduced to people by reality. If the cultural ecosystem in which those challenges have arisen is rich enough, it can pave the way for the emergence of sophisticated philosophical systems. -
Cyclical Time and Ismaili Gnosis
ISLAMIC TEXTS AND CONTEXTS Cyclical Time General Editor Hermann Landolt and Ismaili Gnosis Professor of Islamic Studies, McGill University, Montreal and The Institute of Ismaili Studies, London Henry Corbin Assistant Editors KEGAN PAUL INTERNATIONAL London, Boston, Melbourne and Henley Elizabeth Brine in association with Dr James Morris ISLAMIC PUBLICATIONS The Institute of Ismaili Studies London The Institute of Ismaili Studies, London The Institute of Ismaili Studies was established in December 1977 with the object of promoting scholarship and learning in Islam, and a better understanding of other faiths, beliefs and practices. Its programmes are designed to encourage a balanced study of Islam and the diversity that exists within its fundamental unity. They also deal with the contemporary situation of the Islamic World, focusing on issues that are critical to its well-being. Since 1980 the Institute has been affiliated to McGill University, Mon- treal, Canada. It also works in association with other universities. With the co-operation of McGill University, the Institute runs a Depart- ment of Graduate Studies and Research (London and Paris). The series "Islamic Texts and Contexts" is edited by this Department. The views expressed in this series are those of the respective authors. Contents Editorial Note IX 1 CYCLICAL TIME IN MAZDAISM AND ISMAILISM 1 Translated by Ralph Manheim 1. Cyclical Time in Mazdaism 1 The Ages of the World in Zoroastrian Mazdaism 1 The Absolute Time of Zervanism 12 Dramaturgical Alterations 20 Time as a Personal Archetype 22 2. CyclicalTime in Ismailism 30 Absolute Time and Limited Time in the Ismaili Cosmology 30 The Periods and Cycles of Mythohistory 37 Resurrection as the Horizon of the Time of "Combat for the Angel" . -
History of Islamic Philosophy Henry Corbin
History of Islamic Philosophy Henry Corbin Translated by Liadain Sherrard with the assistance of Philip Sherrard KEGAN PAUL INTERNATIONAL London and New York in association with ISLAMIC PUBLICATIONS for THE INSTITUTE OF ISMAILI STUDIES London The Institute of Ismaili Studies, London The Institute of Ismaili Studies was established in 1977 with the object of promoting scholarship and learning on Islam, in the historical as well as contemporary context, and a better understanding of its relationship with other societies and faiths. The Institute's programmes encourage a perspective which is not confined to the theological and religious heritage of Islam, but seek to explore the relationship of religious ideas to broader dimensions of society and culture. They thus encourage an inter-disciplinary approach to the materials of Islamic history and thought. Particular attention is also given to issues of modernity that arise as Muslims seek to relate their heritage to the contemporary situation. Within the Islamic tradition, the Institute's programmes seek to promote research on those areas which have had relatively lesser attention devoted to them in secondary scholarship to date. These include the intellectual and literary expressions of Shi'ism in general, and Ismailism in particular. In the context of Islamic societies, the Institute's programmes are informed by the full range and diversity of cultures in which Islam is practised today, from the Middle East, Southern and Central Asia and Africa to the industrialized societies of the West, thus taking into consideration the variety of contexts which shape the ideals, beliefs and practices of the faith. The publications facilitated by the Institute will fall into several distinct categories: 1 Occasional papers or essays addressing broad themes of the relationship between religion and society in the historical as well as modern context, with special reference to Islam, but encompassing, where appropriate, other faiths and cultures. -
Brief Bibliographic Guide in Medieval Islamic Philosophy and Theology
BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHICAL GUIDE IN MEDIEVAL AND POST-CLASSICAL ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY (2012-2013) Thérèse-Anne Druart The Catholic University of America I cannot thank enough all the scholars who kindly sent me information and, in particular, those who provided me with a copy of their publications or photocopies of tables of contents of collective works. They are true scholars and true friends. Collective Works or Collections of Articles Ad notitiam ignoti. L’organon dans la translatio studiorum à l’époque d’Albert le Grand, ed. by Julie Brumberg-Chaumont (Studia Artistarum 37). Turnhout: Brepols, 2013, 348 pp., ISBN 9782503541839. Circolazione dei saperi nel Mediterraneo. Filosofia e scienze (secoli IX-XVII). Circulation des savoirs autour de la Méditerranée. Philosophie et sciences (IXe-XVIIe siècle). Atti del VII Colloquio Internazionale della Société Internationale d’Histoire des Sciences et de la Philosophie Arabes et Islamiques, Firenze, 16-28 febbraio 2006, ed. by Graziella Federici Vescovini e Ahmad Hasnawi (Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Educazione e dei Processi Culturali e Formativi, Facoltà di Scienze della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Firenze; Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Università degli Studi di Firenze; Centre d’Histoire des Sciences et des Philosophies Arabes et Médiévales, CNRS Paris). Florence: Cadmo, 2013, xviii-402 pp., ISBN 9788879234085. The Early Islamic Grammatical Tradition, ed. by Ramzi Baalbaki (The Formation of the Classical Islamic World 36). Farnham: Ashgate, 2007, l-365 pp., ISBN 9780860787181. Education and Learning in the Early Islamic World, ed. by Claude Gilliot (Formation of the Classical Islamic World 43). Farnham: Ashgate, 2012, xc-410 pp., ISBN 9780860787174. -
The Emergence of Modern Shi'ism Islamic Reform In
Praise for The Emergence of Modern Shi‘ism “This is an absorbing account of the rise of modern Shi‘ism and of the rise of the Shi‘i clergy as authoritative interpreters (mujtahids) of theology, religious practice, and the law. Zackery Heern aptly situates the ‘triumph of Usuli Shi‘ism’ in Iraq and Iran, brought to fruition by Vahid Bihbihani and his disciples during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, within broader contemporary currents of Islamic religious revival and reform.” Peter Sluglett, Director, Middle East Institute, National University of Singapore “A major achievement. This original new work explains not only the roots of modern Shiite thought but also places these roots into the context of Middle Eastern religious reformism since the second half of the 1700s. An excellent and timely introduction for students as well as general readers seeking to understand the beginnings of modern Islam.” Peter Von Sivers, Associate Professor, History, University of Utah “Zackery Heern has produced a very important and deeply researched contribution to the history of 2 Shi‘ism. At last there is a book that sets developments in Shi‘ism in the context of the larger Islamic world. Scholars of Islamic studies will greatly benefit from reading this book.” Roy P. Mottahedeh, Gurney Professor of History, Harvard University “Heern not only provides the most thorough intellectual, social and organizational analysis of the rise of the rationalist Usuli school in Shi‘ism, but contextualizes it within the framework of local, regional and global changes of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Significantly, he posits these developments as an important manifestation of the global phenomenon of multiple modernities.” Meir Litvak, Associate Professor, Department of Middle Eastern History, Tel Aviv University 3 4 A Oneworld Book First published by Oneworld Publications, 2015 This ebook edition published 2015 Copyright © Zackery M. -
Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy
Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy Contents Preface............................................................................................. 3 Introduction .................................................................................... 7 Mulla Sadra’s Life ........................................................................ 11 From Chair of Mastership to Corner of Seclusion ...................... 13 Mulla Sadra’s Teachers, Children, and Students......................... 16 Mulla Sadra’s Works ................................................................. 23 An Analysis, Critique, and Study of Mulla Sadra’s Books .......... 32 Mulla Sadra’s School of Thought: Transcendent Philosophy ...... 35 Ontology ........................................................................................ 47 Foundations and Basic Principles of Mulla Sadra’s Philosophy .. 49 1. Principiality of Existence ....................................................... 50 2. Gradation of Existence .......................................................... 55 3. Simple Truth is All Things .................................................... 60 4. Indigence Possibility ............................................................. 64 5. Motion in Substance .............................................................. 66 6. Love ..................................................................................... 72 7. Platonic Idea ......................................................................... 75 2 Contents Epistemology ................................................................................ -
Lucretius on Creation and Evolution: a Commentary on De Rerum Natura 5.772--1104 by Gordon Campbell Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2003
Lucretius on Creation and Evolution: A Commentary on De rerum natura 5.772--1104 by Gordon Campbell Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Pp. xii + 385. ISBN 0--19--926396--5. Cloth $114.80 Reviewed by Brooke Holmes University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill [email protected] If survival of the fittest is a principle as relevant to ideas as it is to species, Darwinism has proved to be a hardy breed, especially if we judge provocation to be a sign of life. Last November alone, voters in Pennsylvania ousted school board members who had instated poli- cies that gave Intelligent Design a hearing alongside Darwin in ninth- grade biology, while the Kansas Board of Education removed obsta- cles to teaching both perspectives. The Austrian Cardinal Christoph Schoenborn felt obliged to go on the record once again about the Church’s views on the debate over evolution in America. And an am- bitious exhibition simply entitled Darwin opened at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. One reviewer [Rothstein 2005], citing an 1844 letter in which Darwin says that writing about his ideas was like confessing a murder, takes the curator to task for domesticating a bizarre and shocking idea. What is so unnerving about Darwinism? The Cardinal is blunt: It’s all about materialism, that’s the key issue [Heneghan 2005]. It is the idea that matter is the only reality. Epicureanism is Antiquity’s most infamous promoter of mate- rialism, as well as the attendant horrors outlined by the Kansan Board—secular humanism, atheism, and the idea that life is acciden- tal, both in the everyday and in its genesis.1 Nowhere, perhaps, is the defense of these tenets more vivid and calculated than in the fifth book of Lucretius’ De rerum natura, in which our gaze is shifted from the primordia rerum, the imperishable first-beginnings of things, to 1 Of course, strictly speaking, the Epicureans are not atheists; but their gods inhabit another world and care not a whit for humankind, which is to say that their brand of humanism is aggressively secular. -
2021 Ismaili Studies Conference
Third International Ismaili Studies Conference Histories, Philosophies & Communities Friday, August 6 - Tuesday, August 10, 2021 Hosted by Leiden University Shi’i Studies Initiative Convened by: Dr. Khalil Andani (Augustana College) Dr. Ahab Bdaiwi (Leiden University) Organizing Committee: Dr. Daniel Beben (Nazarbayev University) Dr. Ali Asgar Alibhai (University of Texas at Dallas & EODIAH) Dr. Alyshea Cummins (University of Ottawa) Syed A. H. Zaidi (Emory University) Register and Attend the Conference at bit.ly/IsmailiStudiesConference Welcome to the Third International Ismaili Studies Conference (2021) Welcome to the Third International lsmaili Studies Conference, "Histories, Philosophies and Communities," organized by the Leiden University Shii Studies Initiative. This Conference builds on the progress of the 2014 and 2017 Ismaili Studies Conferences held at the University of Chicago and Carleton University respectively. These conferences are a progressive and autonomous endeavor for presenting the work of academics based in universities and research establishments and independent scholars engaging with the intellectual space termed broadly called "Ismaili Studies". The ISC is not aligned with any communal, political, or ideological organization. The conferences seek to provide multi- disciplinary and interdisciplinary platforms for scholarly exchanges. ISC2021 is pleased to welcome speakers from multiple countries and presentations on a variety of academic and constructive themes. This year's ISC includes: Keynote Address by Prof. Karim H. Karim; several panels on Ismaili history, esoteric exegesis, literature, and contemporary Ismaili theological reflection; and the announcement of the (inaugural) 2021 Karim and Rosemin Karim Prize; and a concluding Scholars Roundtable featuring senior scholars of Ismaili Studies. ISC offers a unique forum for academic discussion and debate in lsmaili Studies.