Department of Education Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) 6 AGRICULTURE Orchard Farming Quarter 2: Week 3 Module

Robert C. Abrantes Writer

Jocelyn P. Loraya Validator

Dr. Antonio C. Gagala at Dr. Jane May C. Valbuena Quality Assurance Team

Schools Division Office – Muntinlupa City Student Center for Life Skills Bldg., Centennial Ave., Brgy. Tunasan, Muntinlupa City (02) 8805-9935 / (02) 8805-9940

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Through this Self-Learning Module (SLeM), you are expected to: 1. identify different types of orchard farm; 2. identify trees appropriate for orchard gardening based on location, climate and market demands; 3. enumerate proper ways of planting or propagating trees and fruit- bearing trees (budding, marcotting, grafting); 4. discuss the sources of fruit-bearing trees; and 5. value the importance of the proper care of seedlings.

Directions: Read and answer the following items. Choose and write the letter of the best answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. This refers to any non-natural wooded area where trees are planted for the production of fruits, nuts or seeds. A. drainage B. forest C. irrigation D. orchard

2. These include orchards that grow pili, cashews, walnuts and almonds. A. citrus orchards C. nut orchards B. fruit orchards D. seed orchards

3. These include orchards that grow lemons, limes or oranges. A. citrus orchards C. nut orchards B. fruit orchards D. seed orchards

4. The capital of the . A. Lipa, C. Sto. Tomas, Batangas B. San Jose, Batangas D. Tanauan, Batangas

5. Chocolate-producing nuts includes ______. A. Coconut B. Coffee C. Cocoa D. Pili nut

6. Tree crops tend to be planted on sandy loam or loam known as _____. A. heavy-textured soils C. muddy-textured soils B. light-textured soils D. rocky-textured soils

6. This refers to how easy or hard is the potential garden or farm location to access both on foot and with a vehicle or equipment. A. accessibility B. climate C. equipment D. sunlight

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7. The tall variety of coconut grows up to 50-90 feet, when does it start to bear fruits? A. 1-2 years B. 3-4 years C. 5-6 years D. 7-10 years

9. This refers to the long standing average weather of an area. A. accessibility B. climate C. soil D. sunlight

10. This type of producing new plants uses its different parts such as leaves, stem and roots. A. asexual B. homosexual C. mutation D. sexual

Direction : Write WOW if it is a fruit-bearing tree and NEY if it is NOT. ______1. Mango ______2. Lemon Grass ______3. Grapes ______4. Jackfruit ______5. Tamarind ______6. Tomato ______7. Guava ______8. Pineapple ______9. Duhat ______10. Okra

LESSON 1 TYPES OF ORCHARD FARMS

Do you know that an orchard is an area of land where trees and nut trees are planted for food production? There are many types of orchards such as fruits, coconut, coffee, banana, citrus and nut trees which are generally grown for commercial production.

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In the Philippines, there are also famous orchard farms like Rosa Farm (Mango) in Zambales, Gapuz Grapes Farms in La Union, Rock Farm (Oranges) in Sagada, Mountain Province and the Philippine Mango Seedling Farm Corp. (PMSFC) in Candaba, Pampanga and Baliuag, Bulacan. Many orchard owners often concentrate on a particular species or product, resulting in hundreds of different types of orchards. Most orchards are planted for a single variety of fruit.

TYPES OF ORCHARD FARMS Mango Plantations It is native to India, the mango tree grows up to 15 feet high, with spreading top and numerous branches. Its fruit is sour and sweet fleshy kidney-shaped. Among the top mango-growing provinces in the Philippines are Pangasinan, Zambales, Isabela, Negros Occidental, Cebu, Davao, Cotabato, and Guimaras (famous for sweet mangoes). The common mango varieties in the Philippines are: carabao mango, indian mango, apple mango, dudul and piko. Nut Plantations Nut orchards include pili and cashews in the Philippines. This category also includes cocoa and chocolate-producing nuts, as well as coconuts. Some orchard owners produce pine trees for their edible pine nuts. Coconut Plantations There are mainly two types of coconut trees – tall and dwarf. The tall grows up to 50-90 feet and starts bearing fruits after 7-10 years. Whereas, the dwarf grows up to 20-60 feet and begins fruiting after 4-5 years. Among the common varieties are , orange dwarf, green dwarf, maypan and king coconut.

Coffee Plantations The Philippines is one of the few countries that produce four main viable coffee varieties; Arabica, Liberica (Barako), Excelsa and Robusta. It was from Mexico brought by the Spaniards. Its plantations became part of the foundation of Batangas' economy and Lipa was later labeled as the coffee capital of the Philippines. The very expensive robustas are the Indonesian luwak and the Philippine Kapéng Alamid and Kahawa Kubing.

Citrus Plantations It is native to Southeast Asia. Mindoro Oriental is one of the top -producing provinces in the Philippines. The calamansi, mandarin (native orange), dalandan, pomelo are the known citrus fruits in the Philippines and Batangas is one of the provinces that grows most of these. Farmers in Batangas also grew the calamondin, the Philippine lime, alternatively called kalamansi or kalamunding in Tagalog.

Banana Plantations The Philippines is one of the top five exporters of bananas. The main

Saba-producing regions are Davao region, Soccsksargen and Northern Mindanao and Cagayan Valley. The main Lakatan-producing regions are Soccsksargen, Davao region and Northern Mindanao. Among the common varieties are saba, lakatan, latundan, bungulan, cavendish, morado, senorita, tindok, and granda.

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A. DIRECTIONS : Conduct a simple research in the internet or in any resource materials about some of the famous Orchard Farms in the Philippines. Please follow the sample format below. Send it to your teacher through email or messenger if technology is available. (3 points each)

a. Name of the Orchard Farm (This is the local name of the farm and product/s they produced)

b. Owner (This is the one who owns or manages the farm)

c. Date Started/ Established (This is when or how was the farm started)

d. Location of the Orchard Farm (This is where to find the farm)

e. Selling of their Products (This is how they distribute or market their products)

LESSON 3 PROPER WAY OF PLANTING/PROPAGATING TREES AND FRUIT-BEARING TREES

PLANT PROPAGATION Do you know that propagating plants is the cheapest and an easy way to produce new plants from the parent plant? Some plants are easier to propagate

than others. The different methods work better with different plants. The technique you select will depend on the type of plant you wish to propagate and the amount of time and effort you want to put into it.

TYPES OF PLANT PROPAGATION Sexual propagation uses the seed of a plant to produce new plant. Asexual propagation involves taking a part of one parent plant and causing it to regenerate itself into a new plant. The resulting new plant is genetically identical to its parent. It also involves the vegetative parts of a plant such as stems, roots, or leaves. The major methods of asexual propagation are cuttings which involves rooting a cut piece of the parent plant, marcotting is growing of roots in the stem while still attached to the parent tree while budding and

grafting is joining two plant parts from different varieties. Marcotting is a method that allows rooting of a part of the stem while still attached to the parent tree. Grafting is a propagating technique simply defined as attaching a twig (scion) from one tree to the stem of a tree seedling (rootstock). The lower part of the graft is known as the understock or stock, which becomes the root system or part of the trunk. The upper part of the graft is known as the scion and becomes the top of the plant. Budding is the union of one bud, with or without a small piece of bark, from one plant (scion) into a stem of a rootstock. It is especially useful when scion material is limited.

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A. Marcotting B.Grafting C.Chip and T- Budding

http://www.celkau.in/Crops/Plantation%20Crops/Cashew/qpm.aspx http://www.gardeninginfozone.com/vegetative-propagation-of-ornamental-shrubs https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A -Chip-budding-showing-the-apically-tapering-scion-bud-and-a- complementary-space-in-the_fig2_265243756

LESSON 4 SOURCES OF FRUIT-BEARING TREES

There are several known institutions or sectors in the Philippines which are sources of good quality fruit-bearing trees. They are available for free and/or sold in different stages of growth and ready to be transplanted. Among the sources are:

 Commercial Nursery – these are run by private individuals/sectors usually offering different kinds of plants for landscaping , tree planting and indoor plants decoration.  Agricultural Institutions – these are schools, colleges or universities that offer courses like education, engineering, agribusiness, biology, agricultural technology, forestry and other related agricultural and other plant studies.  Department of Agriculture (DA) – this is a government institution responsible to help improve farm income and generate work opportunities for farmers, fishermen and other rural workers. It provides good quality seedlings and even breeds of animals.  Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) – this is a government institution responsible for developing scientific improvement for each plant species in a locality and adjacent places.  Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) – this is a government institution responsible for governing and supervising the exploration, development, utilization, and conservation of the country's natural resources.

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LESSON 5 HOW TO CARE FOR SEEDLINGS

To be successful in orchard farming, there are important ways on how to care for seedlings. As a young farmer knowing the value of planting makes growing trees enjoyable. Always remember to water your seedlings regularly. Water is very much needed by the seedlings. Using the spray bottle is a good way to water your seedlings and keep the soil moist without letting it get too wet. Light from the sun is needed by the seedlings but not too much. Find a proper place to expose the seedlings to sunlight. Proper light will also avoid thriving of unnecessary insects and small animals like mosquito, rats, slugs, worms and snails that may destroy the seedlings. Remove weak seedlings. This is also one way of thinning crowded seedlings. When the seedlings are crowded it will affect the growth of the seedlings. Infestation on seedlings. Check the seedlings for any possible attack of unnecessary pests or insects that may destroy or cause plant diseases. Give immediate remedies or seek advice. If pests attack the seedlings you can apply home-made pesticides. If infestations and symptoms persist you can ask professional help from other plant growers. Have your seedlings applied with organic fertilizer. Use organic fertilizer because it is cheap, safe to use, it can help reduce wastes, and surely it will improve plant growth and development. Transplant seedlings on a calm, cloudy day, if possible. As much as possible, late afternoon is a good time because plants can recover from the shock of transplanting without sitting in the midday heat and sun. Do not also forget to prepare the place or container to be transplanted.

LESSON 6 PREPARATION OF ORCHARD LAYOUT

1. Land and Site Preparation - till the soil adequately but do not over- cultivate to the point of destroying the earthworms and other beneficial fungi. 2. Planting System and Design - compute the number of trees to be planted to be able to design a planting system. Here are the following patterns namely: Square, Rectangular, Triangular, Diagonal or Quincunx and Contour Shape

Patterns. 3. Establish a Greenhouse- this will serve as the nursery of the seedlings. It protects the seedlings from too much sunlight, heavy rains, strong wind, and possible entry of animal threat for any destruction. 4. Soil Type and Testing - this includes testing the type of soil to help you decide what trees are suitable for planting. The common types of soil are loam soil, sandy soil and clay soil.

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5. Sufficient Water Supply and Drainage System- the location must have an abundant supply of water and ensure proper drainage system to prevent the plants from drowning. 6. Amount of Sunlight - the location must have good exposure to sunlight to help maintain the photosynthesis or food making processes of the plant. 7. Fertilizer Application - it is a substance added to the soil to improve the soil for proper growth and development of the plants. As much as possible, use organic fertilizers coming from dung or manure, decayed plants and animals.

It is good to know that an orchard is a garden or an area of land for the cultivation of fruit or nut trees. There are different types of orchards like banana, coconut, citrus, nuts, fruits and coffee. The location, climate, soil type, fertilizer applications, water supply, drainage system, greenhouse, sunlight and market demands are very important factors to be considered in orchard farming. You can also seek professional help from various institutions for any agricultural trainings necessary for farming.

Share what you have learned by completing the sentences below.

I learned ______. I realized that ______. I will use what I have learned ______.

Directions: Read and answer the following items below. Choose and write the letter of the best answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is a method that allows rooting of a part of the stem while still attached to the parent tree. A. budding B. cutting C. grafting D. marcotting` 2. These include orchards that grow pili, cashews, walnuts and almonds. A. citrus orchards C. fruit orchards B. coffee orchards D. nut orchards

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3. All are varieties of coffee, EXCEPT one. A. arabica B. cacao C. excelsa D. robusta 4. It refers to as any non-natural wooded area where trees are planted for the production of fruits, nuts or seeds. A. drainage B. forest C. irrigation D. orchard 5. It refers to the most expensive robusta coffee in the Philippines. A. Kapéng Alamid C. Kapeng Bigas B. Kapeng Barako D. 6. Which among the top mango-growing provinces in the Philippines is famous for its sweet mangoes? A. Cotabato B. Isabela C. Guimaras D. Pangasinan 7. It refers to the lower part of the graft which becomes the root system or part of the trunk. A. Cambium B. Scion C. Stock D. Xylem 8. This is a type of producing new plants using its different parts such as leaves, stem and roots. A. asexual B. homosexual C. mutation D. sexual 9. This is a government institution responsible to help improve farm income and generate work opportunities for farmers, fishermen and other rural workers. A. BPI B. DA C. DENR D. DepEd 10. It refers to a substance added to the soil to improve plant growth and development. A. Drainage B. Fertilizer C. Pesticide D. Wax ------References Book Arsenue, Ruth A.,et.al., (2016) Life Skills through TLE Grade 6. Vibal Group Inc. pp.68-73.

Internet Banana Production Guide https://www.pinoybisnes.com/agri-business/banana-production-guide/

Cayon, Manuel (21 May 2017). "'Pick red' farm group in ARMM gets coffee purchase order from URC". BusinessMirror. Retrieved 21 December 2018.

11 Different Types Of Coconuts | Coconut Varieties https://balconygardenweb.com/different-types-of-coconuts-varieties/

The Philippine Statistics Authority (2018), Banana Production by Region in OpenSTAT.

When Batangas was the “Orange Capital” of the Philippines https://www.batangashistory.date/2018/03/orange.html

www.google.com www.wikipedia.com Key To Correction

Pretest Looking Activity Asexual Posttest Back Banana Coffee Coconut Citrus Method 1. D 1. WOW Saba Arabica Macapuno Calamansi Marcottng 1. D 2. C 2. NGE Lakatan Robusta Orange Dwarf Pomelo 5, 2, 1,4,3 2. D 3. A 3. NGE Senorita Excelsa Green Dwarf Dalandan 3. B 4. A 4. WOW Latundan Liberica Maypan Grafting 4. D 5. C 5. WOW Bungulan King Coconut 3,5,1,4,2 5. A 6. A 6. NGE Cavendish 6. C 7. A 7. WOW Morado 7. C 8. D 8. NGE Budding 8. A 9. B 9. WOW Tindok 2,5,3,4,1 9. B 10. A 10. NGE Granda 10. B

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