Bk Inno 001307.Pdf

LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #1 Top 10 Vietnamese Regions and Cities: Hanoi

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 1

1. Hà Ni

2. Hà Ni là th⇥ ⇤ô c⇥a n⌅⇧c Vi⌃t Nam, dân s⌥ c⇥a Hà Ni ⇤⌅c ⌅⇧c tính vào kho ng 6,5 tri⌃u ng⌅⌦i sinh s⌥ng trong khu v↵c ⇤ô th.

3. Hà Ni nm bên b⌦ Sông Hng, cách thành ph⌥ l⇧n nh✏t c⇥a Vi⌃t Nam là thành ph⌥ H Chí Minh, hay còn g⇣i v⇧i tên g⇣i c⌘ là Sài Gòn, kho ng 1000 d✓m v◆ phía Bc.

4. Nm 2010 ⇤ánh d✏u k ni⌃m 1000 nm ngày thành l⌫p chính th⇠c c⇥a thành ph⌥. Trong h⌅⇧ng d⇡n du lch c⇥a mình, Frommer ⇤ã g⇣i thành ph⌥ là mt trong nh⇢ng ⇤im ⇤⌧n h✏p d⇡n nh✏t th⌧ gi⇧i trong nm 2010.

5. Lch s n◆n vn hoá Hà Ni bt ⇤u t nh⇢ng nm 3.000 Tr⌅⇧c Công Nguyên.

6. Hi⌃n ch⌅a có nhi◆u thông tin v◆ nh⇢ng n◆n vn hoá xa x⌅a ⇤ó, nh⌅ng các nhà s h⇣c ⇤ã tìm hiu ⇤⌅c mt s⌥ ⇤i◆u v◆ Thành C Loa, ⇤⌅c xây d↵ng gn Hà Ni vào kho ng nh⇢ng nm 200 Tr⌅⇧c Công Nguyên.

7. Ngày nay Hà Ni là mt thành ph⌥ khá ⇤c ⇤áo b!i vì nó là ⇤im hoà nh⌫p c⇥a các l⌥i ki⌧n trúc Trung Qu⌥c, Pháp và Nga.

8. Mt ⇤t m! rng hành chính vào nm 2009 ⇤ã làm di⌃n tích c⇥a thành ph⌥ tng lên g✏p b⌥n và dân s⌥ tng lên g✏p ⇤ôi.

9. Quy⌧t ⇤nh m! rng ⇤⌅c ban hành nhm gi i quy⌧t tình tr"ng giao thông ùn tc trong khu v↵c trung tâm thành ph⌥.

10. Có l# ⇤im tham quan ph bi⌧n nh✏t t"i Hà Ni là Lng H Chí Minh, to" l"c trên Qu ng Tr⌅⌦ng Ba $ình, là n%i H Chí Minh ⇤ã chính th⇠c tuyên b⌥ n◆n ⇤c l⌫p c⇥a Vi⌃t Nam t ách th⌥ng tr c⇥a Nh⌫t B n vào cu⌥i Chi⌧n tranh th⌧ gi⇧i th⇠ hai.

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 1 #1 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HANOI 2 11. Lng là n%i ⇤✓t thi hài c⇥a H Chí Minh và c⌘ng là ⇤◆n th⌦ ông.

12. Quanh lng là mt v⌅⌦n hoa n%i du khách có th chiêm ng⌅&ng mt b s⌅u t⌫p cây và cây c nh ⇤✓c sc ⇤⌅c gi t✓ng t khp n%i trên ⇤✏t n⌅⇧c.

ENGLISH

1. Hanoi

2. Hanoi, Vietnam is the nation's capital, and its population is estimated at about 6.5 million in the entire metropolitan area.

3. Hanoi sits on the Red River about a thousand miles north of the largest city in the country, which is Ho Chi Minh City, formerly known as Saigon.

4. The year 2010 marked a thousand years since the city's official establishment.

5. Frommer's travel guide named the city one of the top destinations in the world for 2010.

6. The history of settlements at Hanoi dates back to 3,000 BC.

7. There is not much information about those early settlements, but historians have learned a bit about the Co Loa citadel, which sat on the site of Hanoi somewhere around 200 BC.

8. Today Hanoi is rather unique because it serves as a melting pot for Chinese, French, and Russian architecture.

9. A major expansion that happened in 2009 actually quadrupled the size of the city and doubled the size of the population there.

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 1 #1 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HANOI 3 10. The expansion was made to accommodate the large amounts of traffic in the downtown area.

11. Probably the most popular place to visit in Hanoi is Ho Chi Minh's Mausoleum, which sits on Ba Dinh Square, which was where Ho Chi Minh officially declared Vietnam's independence from Japan at the end of World War II.

12. The mausoleum houses Ho Chi Minh's body and serves as a shrine to him.

13. Surrounding the mausoleum is an impressive garden where visitors can see an unusual collection of bonsais and other donated plants from all over the country.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

ki⌧n trúc "architecture" noun

hoà nh⌫p "to melt" verb

⇤ô th "metropolitan" noun

tng lên g✏p b⌥n "quadruple" verb phrase

dân s⌥ "population" noun

lng "mausoleum" noun

⇤◆n th⌦ "shrine" noun phrase

cây c nh "bonsai" noun phrase

SAMPLE SENTENCES

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 1 #1 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HANOI 4 Nhiu thành ph⇥ ⇤⌅⇧c bi⌃t ⇤⌃n v⌥i nhng Nhiu n↵i trên th⌃ gi⌥i ⇤⌅⇧c coi là ⇤i⌦m l⇥i ki⌃n trúc c th⌦. hoà nhp ca các nn vn hoá.

"Many cities are known for specific types of "Many parts of the world are considered to architecture." be a melting pot of various cultures."

Khu ⇤ô th✏ ca m⇣t thành ph⇥ l⌥n h↵n r⌘t Khi di✓n tích ca m⇣t vt ⇤⌅⇧c tng lên nhiu so v⌥i di✓n tích ca chính thành g⌘p b⇥n, ta nói r◆ng nó ⇤ã ⇤⌅⇧c nhân v⌥i ph⇥ ⇤ó. b⇥n.

"A city's metropolitan area is much larger "Whenever the size of something is than the city itself." quadrupled, it has multiplied by four."

Dân s⇥ ca m⇣t thành ph⇥ tng lên Lng là n↵i chôn c⌘t ng⌅⌫i ⇤ã khu⌘t. nhanh chóng khi công nghi✓p tr thành "A mausoleum is a place to entomb the m⇣t phn quan trng ca nn kinh t⌃ ca dead." nó.

"The population of the city grew rapidly as industry became a major part of its economy."

Trong vn hoá Á ⇠ông, ⇤n th⌫ là n↵i t⇡ Cây c⇢nh là m⇣t trong nhng gi⇥ng cây lòng tôn kính và th⌫ ph ng. ⇤⇣c ⇤áo nh⌘t ca Á ⇠ông.

"In Eastern cultures, a shrine is a place of "Bonsais are one of the most unique types reverence and worship." of plants in the Eastern world."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you Know?

Trong sut chi⇥u dài l⇤ch s⌅, Hà N⇧i ⌃ã nhi⇥u l⌥n ⌃ c thay tên. Khi ng⌦i Trung Quc thng tr⇤ Vi↵t Nam, thành ph ⌃ c gi là Long Biên. Sau này thành ph ⌃ c ⌃i tên thành Tng Bình, ri Long ✏⇣, và cui cùng là Thành ✏⌘i La n✓m 866. ✏⌘i La tr◆ thành kinh ⌃ô ca Vi↵t

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 1 #1 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HANOI 5 Nam vào n✓m 1010 khi v⇤ hoàng ⌃ ⌃⌥u tiên ca Nhà L˝ d⌦i ⌃ô v⇥ ni ⌃ây. Theo truy⇥n thuyt dân gian, ông ⌃ã nhìn th⌫y m⇧t con rng tri lên t⇠ Sông Hng và bay lên tr⌦i, nên ⌃ã ⌃i tên thành ph thành Th✓ng Long, ngh⇡a là "rng bay lên" trong ting Vi↵t. N✓m 1397 th ⌃ô ⌃ c d⌦i ra ngoài. Khi ng⌦i Pháp chim Vi↵t Nam làm thu⇧c ⌃⇤a, h ⌃ã d⌦i th ⌃ô v⇥ thành ph vào n✓m 1887. Tên ca thành ph ⌃ c thay ⌃i m⇧t l⌥n cui cùng thành Hà N⇧i t⇠ ⌃ó.

Throughout the years, Hanoi has changed names several times. When the Chinese ruled Vietnam, the city's name was Long Bien. It was changed to Dong Binh during this time, then Long Do, and finally Dai La Citadel in 866. Dai La became the capital city of Vietnam in 1010 when the first emperor of the Ly Dynasty moved it there. According to folklore, he saw a dragon coming up the Red River there, so he changed the name again to Thang Long, which means "rising dragon" in English. In 1397 the capital was moved away from the area. When the French colonized Vietnam, they moved the capital city back to the site in 1887. This was when the name was finally changed to Hanoi.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 1 #1 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HANOI 6 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #2 Top 10 Vietnamese Regions and Cities: Ho Chi Minh City

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 3 English 4 Vocabulary 5 Sample Sentences 6 Cultural Insight

# 2

1. Thành ph H⇥ Chí Minh

2. Thành ph H⇥ Chí Minh hay còn ⇤⌅⇧c bi⌃t ⇤⌃n v⌥i tên gi c là Sài Gòn có l⌦ch s↵ kéo dài hàng trm nm.

3. Thành ph này ban ⇤u ⇤⌅⇧c gi là Prey Nokor tr⌅⌥c khi b⌦ Vit Nam sáp nh✏p vào th⌃ k⇣ th⌘ 17.

4. Tr⌅⌥c ⇤ó, thành ph Prey Nokor là m✓t h◆i c◆ng quan trng ca ng⌅i Khmer, m✓t t✓c ng⌅i có ngu⇥n gc dân t✓c kéo dài ⇤⌃n t✏n Campuchia ngày nay.

5. T khi ⇤⌅⇧c ⇤⌫i tên là Sài Gòn, thành ph ⇤ã tr⇠ thành th ⇤ô, và là thành ph ⇤u tiên n⇡m trong thu✓c ⇤⌦a Pháp và sau này là ca Nam Vit.

6. Thành ph ⇤⌅⇧c ⇤⌫i tên m✓t ln n⇢a thành Thành ph H⇥ Chí Minh vào nm 1976 sau khi ⇤⌅⇧c h⇧p nht v⌥i Ph Gia ⌧⌦nh.

7. Thành ph có v⌦ trí ngay bên b Sông Sài Gòn, cách Bin ⌧ông (hay còn gi là bin Nam Trung Hoa) 40 dm.

8. Thành ph cách Hà N✓i, th ⇤ô ca n⌅⌥c Vit Nam hn 1000 dm v phía Nam.

9. Hn 9 triu ng⌅i dân sng trong khu ⇤ô th⌦ ca Thành ph H⇥ Chí Minh.

10. Các chuyên gia nh✏n ⇤⌦nh r⇡ng thành ph s! có dân s hn 20 triu ng⌅i trong khu v"c ⇤ô th⌦ vào nm 2020*.

11. 3 t⌫ ch⌘c quc t⌃ khác nhau ⇤ã x⌃p h#ng thành ph ⇤⌘ng th⌘ 132 trong danh sách nh⇢ng thành ph có chi phí sng cao nht th⌃ gi⌥i.

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 1 #2 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HO CHI MINH CITY 2 12. Thành ph H⇥ Chí Minh có cp hành chính ⇤⌦a ph⌅ng ngang hàng v⌥i các t$nh khác t#i Vit Nam.

13. Thành ph ⇤⌅⇧c qu◆n l˝ b⇠i m✓t h✓i ⇤⇥ng ⇤i u hành g⇥m 13 ng⌅i.

14. N n kinh t⌃ ca Vit Nam ph% thu✓c khá nhi u vào thành ph này, v⌥i t⌫ng s◆n ph&m ⇤#t t⌥i 20% GDP quc gia.

15. Thành ph là ni phát trin ph⌫ bi⌃n ca nhi u ngành công nghip, bao g⇥m thu⇣ h◆i s◆n, khai thác m', du l⌦ch, nông nghip, th⌅ng m#i và tài chính.

16. V⌥i l⌦ch s↵ nhi u bi⌃n ⇤✓ng ca thành ph, ni ⇤ây còn có rt nhi u nh⇢ng toà nhà l⌦ch s↵, nh⌅ Dinh Thng Nht (hay Dinh ⌧✓c L✏p), Nhà Th ⌧⌘c Bà, và B◆o tàng Thành ph H⇥ Chí Minh.

17. *although the audio was recorded as 3030, this is the correct year.

ENGLISH

1. Ho Chi Minh City

2. Ho Chi Minh City was formerly known as Saigon, and its history dates back centuries.

3. The city was known as Prey Nokor before being annexed by Vietnam in the 1600s.

4. During the city's Prey Nokor days, it was a seaport for the Khmer people, a group that traces its ethnicity to modern-day Cambodia.

5. When the city became Saigon, it was the capital city, first of the French colony it was located in and later of South Vietnam.

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 1 #2 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HO CHI MINH CITY 3 6. The name was changed to Ho Chi Minh City in 1976 when the city merged with Gia Dinh Province.

7. The city is located right on the Saigon River about forty miles away from the South China Sea.

8. It's over a thousand miles away from Hanoi, Vietnam's capital.

9. More than nine million people live in the Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area.

10. Experts believe the city will have more than twenty million people living in the metropolitan area by the year 2020.

11. Three different international bodies have ranked the city 132nd on their list of the most expensive cities to live in.

12. Ho Chi Minh City sits at the same level of government as the provinces in Vietnam.

13. The city is run by an executive council of thirteen people.

14. The economy of Vietnam hangs on the city, with twenty percent of the nation's GDP coming from it.

15. Many industries are prevalent within the city, including seafood processing, mining, tourism, agriculture, trade, and finance.

16. Because of the city's colorful history, there are a number of important buildings there, including Reunification Palace, Notre-Dame Cathedral, and the Ho Chi Minh City Museum.

VOCABULARY

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 1 #2 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HO CHI MINH CITY 4 Vietnamese English

dân t✓c ethnicity

sáp nh✏p annex

thu✓c ⇤⌦a colony

h⇧p nht merge

⇤i u hành executive

ph⌫ bi⌃n prevalent

thng nht reunification

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Dân tc là mt ph⇥n quan tr⇤ng quy⌅t Khi mt thành ph⌦ sáp nh↵p ph⇥n ⇧t ⇧⌃nh m⌥i con ng i. còn li ca huy✏n, nhi⇣u ng i dân trong

huy✏n ⇧ã t⌘ thái ⇧ b✓c xúc. "Ethnicity is an important part of who we are." "When the city annexed the rest of the county in, many county residents were upset."

Nh◆ng ngày tháng thi⌅t l↵p thuc ⇧⌃a ti Khi hai công ty hp nht, k⌅t qu to ra các mnh ⇧t xa xôi ⇧ã không còn n◆a. là tình trng g⇥n nh ⇧c quy⇣n toàn

di✏n ca ngành công nghi✏p. "The days of establishing a colony far away from home are long gone." "When the two companies merged, the result was a massive virtual monopoly of the industry."

Không phi ai cng có gic m⌫ tr⇠ thành Tín ng⇡ng C⌫ ⇢⌦c vn rt ph⌧ bi⌅n ⇠ ⇧i⇣u hành ca mt công ty. M.

"Not everyone has the dream of becoming "Christian believes are still prevalent in the a company executive." U.S."

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 1 #2 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HO CHI MINH CITY 5 Th⌦ng nht là mt s ki✏n quan tr⇤ng trong l⌃ch s ca nhi⇣u thành ph⌦.

"Reunification has been important to some cities throughout history."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you Know?

Vào th k⇥ 17, khi Vi⇤t Nam sáp nh⌅p Sài Gòn, l˝ do chính ⇧⌃⌥c ⇧⌃a ra là thành ph là m t ph⌦n c↵a hi môn tng cho m t công chúa Vi⇤t Nam. Cô ⇧⌃⌥c g cho m t hoàng t✏ Khmer trong m t tho ⌃⇣c nh⌘m ch✓m d◆t tình trng c⌃⇣p phá c↵a ng⌃i Vi⇤t ⇧i v⇣i các làng mc Khmer. Tình trng c⌃⇣p bóc này là kt qu c↵a quá trình thu c ⇧a hoá c↵a ng⌃i Vi⇤t ⇧i v⇣i khu v⌫c, cô l⌅p thành ph này kh⇠i ⇧✓t n⌃⇣c Campuchia c↵a ng⌃i Khmer. Quá trình thu c ⇧a hoá c↵a ng⌃i Vi⇤t b⇡t ⇧⌦u vào n⇢m 1623 khi Vua Campuchia là Chey Chetta II ra s⇡c l⇤nh cho phép nhng ng⌃i Vi⇤t t nn t⌧ cu c n i chin Vi⇤t Nam có th sng ti Prey Nokor.

In the seventeenth century when Vietnam annexed Saigon, it was actually because the city was part of the dowry of one of the princesses of Vietnam. She was given in marriage to one of the Khmer princes as part of a deal to put an end to the Vietnamese's frequent pillaging and raiding of Khmer villages. The raids were the result of Vietnamese colonization of the area, which cut the city off from Cambodia, where the rest of the Khmer people were. Vietnamese colonization started in 1623 when Cambodian King Chey Chettha II decreed that Vietnamese refugees from Vietnam's civil war could live in Prey Nokor.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 1 #2 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HO CHI MINH CITY 6 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #3 Top 10 Vietnamese Regions and Cities: Hai Phong

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 3

1. Hi Phòng

2. Thành ph⇥ Hi Phòng c⇤a Vi⌅t Nam là thành ph⇥ l⇧n th⌃ ba c⇤a qu⇥c gia này tính theo dân s⇥. Thành ph⇥ có l⌥ch s t n⌦m 43 Sau Công Nguyên, khi Lê Chân, m↵t n t⇧ng khi ngh✏a cùng Hai Ba Trng, khai phá ra. Hi Phòng thu↵c qu⇣n D⌘ng Kinh và là m↵t thành ph⇥ quan tr✓ng trong su⇥t l⌥ch s phát tri◆n c⇤a Vi⌅t Nam. V⌥ trí chin lc c⇤a thành ph⇥ trên b bi◆n ⌫ã bin n⌘i ⌫ây thành m↵t tuyn phòng ng⇠ l˝ tng. Hi Phòng c⇡ng ⌫óng vai trò là m↵t trong nhng hi cng chính c⇤a Vi⌅t Nam.

3. C⇡ng vì v⌥ trí chin lc này mà thành ph⇥ ⌫ã phi gánh ch⌥u nhi⇢u hot ⌫↵ng quân s⇠ ch⇥ng li nó, bao g⌧m chin d⌥ch ném bom bn phá tàn kh⇥c trong Chin Tranh Vi⌅t Nam bi ⌫ây là cng bi◆n l⇧n duy nht c⇤a Bc Vi⌅t. M↵t trong nhng cu↵c tn công s⇧m nht vào Hi Phòng trong l⌥ch s hi⌅n ⌫i xy ra sau Chin tranh th gi⇧i th⌃ hai, khi Vi⌅t Nam c⇥ giành li n⇢n ⌫↵c l⇣p t tay Pháp. Ba ngi lính Pháp ⌫ã b⌥ git, và ngi Pháp bn phá thành ph⇥ ⌫◆ tr thù. Có m↵t s⇥ cu↵c tranh lu⇣n v⇢ vi⌅c th⇠c hi⌅n cu↵c bn phá này. M↵t s⇥ ngi cho rng Suffren, m↵t tàu tu n tra hng n!ng c⇤a Pháp ⌫ã bn phá thành ph⇥, trong khi nhng ngi khác li tin rng ba tàu thông báo, v⇥n là nhng tàu nh" ⌫c thit k ⌫◆ giao liên các m⌅nh l⌅nh quân s⇠, ⌫ã th⇠c hi⌅n cu↵c bn phá. Dù v# vi⌅c ⌫ó th nào ⌫i na, hành ⌫↵ng ném bom ⌫ó ⌫ã m màn cho Cu↵c chin $ông D⌘ng l n th⌃ nht.

4. Hi Phòng nm bên b Sông Bch $ng, là m↵t ⌫⌥a danh n%i ting n⌘i m↵t nhóm các v⌥ anh hùng dân t↵c ⌫ã ⌫&y lùi ba cu↵c xâm l⌦ng c⇤a chính quy⇢n phong kin Trung Qu⇥c. Thành ph⇥ nm trên ca Sông Cm. M↵t s⇥ ⌫⌥a danh quan tr✓ng c⇤a Hi Phòng bao g⌧m $⇢n Nghè, Chùa D Hàng và $ình Chung Hàng Kênh.

ENGLISH

1. Hai Phong

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #3 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HAI PHONG 2 2. Hai Phong, Vietnam is the third largest city in the country by population. The city dates back to 43 BC when Le Chan, a revolution leader working against the Trung sisters, founded it. Hai Phong is located in the Duong Kinh District and has been an important city throughout the history of Vietnam. Its strategic location on the coast made it the perfect defensive site. It also has served as one of the country's main ports.

3. Because of its location, the city has seen major military actions against it, including heavy bombing during the Vietnam War because it was the only big port in North Vietnam. One of the earliest offensives against Hai Phong in modern history happened after World War II, when Vietnam was attempting to recover its independence from France. Three French soldiers had been killed, so the French bombed the city. There is some debate about how the bombing was undertaken. Some believe that Suffren, a heavy cruiser from France, bombed the city, while others believe that three avisos, which were small boats designed to carry military orders from place to place, actually did the bombing. Whatever the case was, it was that bombardment that led to the beginning of the First Indochina War.

4. Hai Phong sits on the Bach Dang River, which is the famous location where a group of national heroes beat back three invasions from feudal Chinese rulers. The city is also located on the mouth of the Cam River. Some of the most important locations in Hai Phong include the Nghe Temple, Du Hang Pagoda, and the Hang Kenh Communal House.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

chin lc strategic

bn phá bombardment

phòng ng⇠ defensive noun

tn công offensive

chung communal

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #3 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HAI PHONG 3 chùa pagoda adjective

th⇠c hi⌅n undertook

tàu thông báo aviso

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Vic b⇥ trí l⇤c l⌅⇧ng t⌃i các v⌥ trí chin Nh⌦ng thành ph⇥ b⌥ b n phá n↵ng n l⌅⇧c là thit yu cho chin th ng quân trong mt cuc chin ch còn là ✏⇥ng ✏⇣ s⇤. nát.

"The strategic placement of forces is "Cities undergoing major bombardment essential to military victory." during a war are left in ruins."

Vic chim ✏⌅⇧c các v⌥ trí phòng ng⇤ là Cuc t⌘n công quân s⇤ ✏ã không thành r⌘t quan tr✓ng khi b◆o v thành ph⇥ ca công bi vì quân ✏⌥ch ✏ã thành công b⌃n. trong vic b◆o v lãnh th⇣ ca chúng.

"Taking up defensive positions is "Military offensives were not successful if important when it comes to protecting your the opposing army was successful in city." protecting its territory."

Ngày l là th⌫i ✏i⇠m l˝ t⌅ng cho nh⌦ng V c b◆n, chùa là mt toà tháp nhiu b⌦a ⇡n chung v⇢i gia ✏ình và b⌃n bè. t⌧ng.

"The holidays are times for larger "A pagoda is essentially a tiered tower." communal meals with family and friends."

Mt khi k ho⌃ch ✏ã ✏⌅⇧c th⇤c hin, Tàu thông báo không ph◆i là tàu ✏⇠ ✏ánh ✏⌅⌫ng ✏i n⌅⇢c b⌅⇢c ✏ã rng m cho vic bom.

h⇧p nh⌘t các công ty. "Avisos were not meant to be bombing "Once the scheme had been undertaken, ships." the path had been paved for a merger between the companies."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #3 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HAI PHONG 4 Did you Know?

Trn B⇥ch ⇤⌅ng l⇧n th⌃ 3 x⌥y ra vào nm 1288 g⇧n H⌥i Phòng. ⇤ây là trn ánh n⌦i ti↵ng nht trong ba trn ánh t⇥i ây. Chi↵n thut c s✏ d⇣ng t⇥i trn ánh ⇧u tiên nm 938 l⇥i c áp d⇣ng l⇧n n⌘a vào nm 1288. Ng✓i t⌦ng ch◆ huy ã nghiên c⌃u quy lut thu triu và cho cm c⌫c ngay d⇠i làn n⇠c. Sau m⇡t lo⇥t các s⇢ kin khác d⌧n ↵n vic ct ⌃t ✓ng chuyn quân trên b⇡, trn ánh cui cùng ã x⌥y ra trên Sông B⇥ch ⇤⌅ng t⇥i khu v⇢c các c⌫c g c cm. Các c⌫c g này ã âm th ng tàu thuyn c a quân i !ch, nhanh chóng nhn chìm hàng nghìn chi↵n thuyn. K↵t qu⌥ là quân xâm lc Mông C⌦ b! p tan. Các nhà kh⌥o c⌦ khai qut dòng sông vào nm 1959 c cho là ã tìm thy nh⌘ng c⌫c g⌦ c s✏ d⇣ng trong trn ánh ó.

The third Battle of Bach Dang River happened in 1288 near Hai Phong. This is the most famous of the three battles fought on the river. The tactics used in the first battle on the river in 938 were used once again in 1288. The grand commander examined the tidal patterns of the river and placed stakes just under the water. After a series of other events that resulted in the severing of land transportation routes, the battle finally came to the Bach Dang River in the area where the stakes had been placed. The stakes punctured the boats of the opposing general's forces, sinking thousands of boats rapidly. This resulted in the crushing of the Mongolian troops. Archeologists excavating the river in 1959 supposedly found the stakes that had been used in that battle.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #3 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HAI PHONG 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #4 Top 10 Vietnamese Regions and Cities: Danang

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 4

1. à N⇥ng

2. à N⇥ng là thành ph⇤ l⌅n th⇧ t⌃ t⌥i Vit Nam, n m ⌦ v↵ trí gn nh⌃ chính gia hai thành ph⇤ l⌅n nht qu⇤c gia này, Hà N✏i và Thành ph⇤ H⇣ Chí Minh. à N⇥ng là m✏t h⌘i c⌘ng quan tr✓ng c◆a Nam Vit, n m trên im giao nhau gia Bin ông (Bin Nam Trung Hoa) và Sông Hàn. Hin à N⇥ng là m✏t thành ph⇤ t tr↵ (thành ph⇤ trc thu✏c Trung ⌃⌫ng), m⇠c dù tr⌃⌅c n⇡m 1997 thành ph⇤ này ⌃⇢c coi là trc thu✏c tnh Qu⌘ng Nam - à N⇥ng.

3. à N⇥ng ⌃⇢c bao quanh b⌦i núi và Bin ông. Thành ph⇤ n m c⌥nh Dãy núi Tr⌃⌧ng S⌫n, ⌃⇢c hình thành b⌦i chuyn ✏ng c◆a các m⌘ng kin t⌥o Trái t. V↵ trí c◆a thành ph⇤ n m trên ranh gi⌅i c◆a m⌘ng kin t⌥o, nên thành ph⇤ rt d b↵ thiên tai. à N⇥ng th⌃⌧ng b↵ tàn phá b⌦i giông bão, và vào n⇡m 2011, trn ✏ng t Tohuku ã gây ra m✏t c⌫n sóng thn l⌅n.

4. L↵ch s thành ph⇤ có niên ⌥i t! n⇡m 192 Sau Công Nguyên khi nhng ng⌃⌧i dân du c⌃ t! Indonesia thành lp nên V⌃⌫ng qu⇤c Ch⇡m Pa ⌦ n⌫i ây. Ng⌃⌧i châu Âu không có m⇠t t⌥i à N⇥ng cho t⌅i tn th k" th⇧ 16, khi m✏t nhà thám him ng⌃⌧i B⇣ ào Nha cp bn t⌥i ây. Ngày nay thành ph⇤ ch◆ yu là m✏t trung tâm v# nông-lâm-ng⌃ nghip, m⇠c dù các ngành này c$ng ang dn b↵ suy gi⌘m trong khu vc thành ph⇤. M⇠t khác, các ngành công nghip v%n phát trin m⌥nh, v⌅i các ngành m$i nh✓n bao g⇣m máy móc, hoá h✓c và dt.

5. Du l↵ch c$ng là m✏t ngành công nghip l⌅n ⌦ à N⇥ng, v⌅i Khu du l↵ch Furama n&i ting th gi⌅i là m✏t trong nhng khu du l↵ch sinh thái bin và su⇤i n⌃⌅c khoáng 'p nht t⌥i Vit Nam. Thành ph⇤ à N⇥ng óng vai trò là m✏t trung tâm l⌅n c◆a Vit Nam, và là m✏t n⌫i hoàn h⌘o mà du khách có th ghé th⇡m trên ⌃⌧ng t⌅i th⇡m nhng ↵a danh khác t⌥i qu⇤c gia này.

ENGLISH

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #4 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: DANANG 2 1. Danang

2. The fourth largest city in Vietnam is Danang, which sits almost right in the middle of the two largest cities in the country—Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Danang is an important port in South Vietnam, sitting on the South China Sea right where the Han River feeds into the sea. It is now an independent municipality, although prior to 1997 it was considered part of the Quang Nam-Da Nang province.

3. Danang is circled by mountains and borders the South China Sea. It sits on the Truong Son Orogenic Zone, which was created by the movement of the Earth's tectonic plates. Because of its location on the edge of the tectonic plates, the city is very susceptible to natural disasters. Typhoons often wreak destruction on the city, and in 2011, the Tohuku earthquake caused a major tsunami.

4. The city's history dates back to 192 AD when settlers from Indonesia created the Champa Kingdom there. Europeans did not get to Danang until the sixteenth century when a Portuguese explorer landed there. Today the city is largely a forestry, agriculture, and fishing center, although those sectors are declining within the city. Industry, however, is still going strong, with leading areas including machinery, chemicals, and textiles.

5. Tourism is also a major industry in Danang, which is home to the famous Furama Resort, known worldwide as one of the best beach resorts and spa destinations in Vietnam. The city serves as a major hub within Vietnam, making it the perfect place for tourists to pass through on their way to other major sites in the country.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

thành ph⇤ t tr↵ municipality

bao quanh circled

dãy núi orogenic noun

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #4 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: DANANG 3 kin t⌥o tectonic

d b↵ susceptible

tàn phá wreak

dt textile verb

sóng thn tsunami noun

SAMPLE SENTENCES

C quan qu⇥n l˝ thành ph⇤ t⌅ tr⇧ ⌃ã ra M⌥t hòn ⌃⇥o ⌃⌦↵c bao quanh bi n⌦c.

m⌥t s⇤ quyt ⌃⇧nh gây nhi u tranh cãi. "An island is circled by water." "The governing body of the municipality made some very controversial decisions."

Dãy núi là núi ⌃⌦↵c hình thành theo thi C lâu lâu, các m⇥ng kin to li va gian bi nh✏ng d⇧ch chuy⇣n c⌘a v✓ trái chm mnh và gây ra ⌃⌥ng ⌃◆t.

⌃◆t. "Every so often, the tectonic plates shift "Orogenic belts are mountains that were majorly, causing an earthquake." built over time by shifting parts of the earth's crust."

V⇧ trí c⌘a m⌥t thành ph⇤ có th⇣ khin nó M⌥t ⌃↵t thiên tai có th⇣ tàn phá n n kinh d b⇧ t◆n công. t c⌘a m⌥t qu⇤c gia.

"A city's location can make it susceptible to "A natural disaster can wreak havoc on a invasion." nation's economy."

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #4 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: DANANG 4 D⌫t là m⌥t ph⇠n quan tr⇡ng c⌘a ngành Trong nh✏ng nm g⇠n ⌃ây, sóng th⇠n ⌃ã công nghi⌫p may m⇢c. nh⌧n ⌃⌦↵c s⌅ quan tâm c⌘a các ph⌦ng

ti⌫n truy n thông toàn th gii vì nó ⌃ã "Textiles are an important part of the c⌦p ⌃i sinh mng c⌘a hàng nghìn ng⌦i. clothing industry." "Tsunamis in recent years have gained worldwide media coverage as thousands of people have lost their lives in them."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you Know?

V trí c⇥a ⇤à N⌅ng ⇧⌃ng ngh⌥a vi vi c thành ph⌦ có vai trò chi↵n lc ⇧⌦i vi Vi t Nam. Thành ph⌦ không ch ch✏a m⇣t c⌘n c✏ không quân ln ⇧c s✓ d◆ng trong Chi↵n Tranh Vi t Nam, mà còn ⇧óng vai trò thi↵t y↵u trong chi↵n dch xâm lc Vi t Nam c⇥a Pháp vào th↵ k 19. Hoàng ⇤↵ Minh Mng ⇧ã ra sc l nh nghiêm c⌫m tàu châu Âu ⇧c phép c⇠p b⌫t k⇡ m⇣t b↵n nào ti Vi t Nam, tr⇢ ⇤à N⌅ng. Thành ph⌦ b ⇧ánh phá bi ng⌧i Pháp vào n⌘m 1847, ⇧c cho là vì nhng ng⌧i truyn giáo ti Vi t Nam ⇧ã b triu ⇧ình ⇧àn áp. N⌘m 1858, ng⌧i Pháp li quay li thành ph⌦ này, cng vi l˝ do ⇧àn áp. Cu⇣c xâm l⌘ng ⇤à N⌅ng ⇧ã m ⇧⌧ng cho ng⌧i Pháp chi↵m Vi t Nam cho ti n⌘m 1954 khi Hi p ⇧nh Geneva trao quyn t do cho qu⌦c gia này t⇢ tay ng⌧i Pháp. Ti↵c là Hi p ⇧nh này cu⌦i cùng li d!n ⇧↵n Chi↵n Tranh Vi t Nam.

Danang's location meant that it proved to be a very strategic location for the country. It not only housed a major air base that was used in the Vietnam War, but it also played an important role in the French takeover of Vietnam in the early nineteenth century. Emperor Minh Mang made an edict that prohibited vessels from Europe from landing anywhere in the country except at Danang. The city was then bombarded by the French in 1847, supposedly because missionaries to Vietnam had been persecuted there. In 1858, the French came back to the city, allegedly because of persecution again. The invasion at Danang paved the way for the French to take over Vietnam until 1954, when the Geneva Agreements granted the country freedom from France. Those agreements eventually led to the Vietnam War.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #4 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: DANANG 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #5 Top 10 Vietnamese Regions and Cities: Hue

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 5

1. Hu

2. Thành ph⇥ Hu c⇤a Vi⌅t Nam là thành ph⇥ t⇧nh l⌃ c⇤a t⇧nh Th⌥a Thiên - Hu. Hu còn là kinh ô c⇤a Vi⌅t Nam d ⌦i Tri↵u i Nhà Nguyn. Các du khách ã n t⌥ khp n✏i trên th gi⌦i ⇣ chiêm ng ⌘ng nh✓ng l◆ng tm và kin trúc k v c⇤a thành ph⇥.

3. Hu có vai trò n⌫i tr⇠i trong l⇡ch s⇢ trong thi k tr⇡ vì c⇤a các Chúa Nguyn, m⇠t tri↵u i phong kin th⇥ng tr⇡ mi↵n Nam ⌧t n ⌦c t⌥ th k 17 n tn nh✓ng n◆m th k 19. Thành ph⇥ này là kinh ô c⇤a Vi⌅t Nam t⌥ n◆m 1802 n n◆m 1945, khi Hoàng Bo i thoái v⇡ ngai vàng. ây là s! ki⌅n m" ng cho vi⌅c thành lp chính ph⇤ c⇠ng sn ti Vi⌅t Nam.

4. Thành ph⇥ c#ng có vai trò r⌧t quan tr$ng trong Chin Tranh Vi⌅t Nam b"i nó n%m g&n ranh gi⌦i gi✓a hai mi↵n bc và nam c⇤a ⌧t n ⌦c. Tht không may, v⇡ trí chin l 'c này c⇤a thành ph⇥ ã d(n t⌦i nhi↵u s! ki⌅n (m máu xy ra ti ây trong cu⇠c chin. Quân ⇠i M) ã nhi↵u l&n th bom công kích thành ph⇥, tàn phá r⌧t nhi↵u công trình l⇡ch s⇢. L!c l 'ng quân c⇠ng sn c#ng ã gây ra nh✓ng v* git ng i và x⇢ t⇢ hình hàng lot " thành ph⇥ này, kt qu là v* tàn sát hàng nghìn ng i Vi⌅t Nam ti ây. Khi cu⇠c chin kt thúc, nh✓ng công trình l⇡ch s⇢ còn li c⇤a Hu li b⇡ r✏i vào tình trng ⌫ nát b"i vì ng i dân c⇤a thành ph⇥ cho r%ng chúng không có ˝ ngha gì ngoài nh✓ng di tích còn sót li t⌥ ch ⇠ nhà Nguyn.

5. Ngày nay thành ph⇥ Hu ã 'c UNESCO công nhn là m⇠t Di sn V◆n hoá Th gi⌦i b"i vô s⇥ nh✓ng l◆ng tm ti n✏i ây. M⇠t trong nh✓ng công trình k v nh⌧t c⇤a thành ph⇥ là i n⇠i, m⇠t thành ph⇥ thu nh+ mà ch⇧ có nh✓ng hoàng , phi t&n và ng i thân thích c⇤a h$ m⌦i 'c phép lui t⌦i.

ENGLISH

1. Hue

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #5 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HUE 2 2. The city of Hue, Vietnam is the capital of Thua Thien-Hue province. The city also served as the nation's capital during the Nguyen Dynasty. Travelers come from all over the world to see the incredible monuments and architectural forms in the city.

3. Hue first became prominent in history during the reign of the Nguyen Lords, a feudal dynasty that ruled the southern part of the country from the 1600s through the 1800s. The city was the capital of Vietnam from 1802 until 1945, when Emperor Bao Dai abdicated his throne. That paved the way for the communist government to come in.

4. The city was also very important during the Vietnam War because it was close to the border between the northern and southern halves of the country. Unfortunately for the city, its strategic position led to much bloody violence there during the war. The U.S. bombed the city heavily, destroying many historic buildings. Communist forces also committed mass killings and executions there, resulting in the massacre of thousands of Vietnamese. At the end of the war, any historic buildings that were left in Hue fell into disrepair because many of the city's residents felt that they were nothing but relics left over from the Nguyen regime.

5. Today Hue is on UNESCO's list of World Heritage sites because of its numerous monuments. One of the most significant buildings there is the citadel, which was a city no one but emperors, their concubines, and others close to them was allowed into.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English

n⌫i tr⇠i prominent

phong kin feudal

tri↵u i dynasty

thoái v⇡ abdicate

hoàng emperor

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #5 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HUE 3 tàn sát massacre

phi t&n concubine

i n⇠i citadel

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Mt h⇥c gi⇤ n⌅i tri là ng⇧⌃i ⌥i ⌥u trong Th⌃i k phong kin tr✏ vì ⌥ã ch⇣m d⌘t ↵ vi c khám phá nh⌦ng t⇧ t⇧↵ng mi. hu ht các n✓i trên th gii.

"A prominent scholar often leads the way "The days of feudal rule are long gone in in areas of new thought." most parts of the world."

Trung Qu◆c ⌥ã tr⇤i qua nhiu triu ⌥i Khi ⌥⌘c vua thoái v✏ ngai vàng, c⇤ ⌥⇣t phong kin trong l✏ch s. n⇧c ⌥ã chìm trong h⌫n lon.

"China had many dynasties throughout "When the king abdicated his throne, the history." country was in an uproar."

Mt v✏ vua và mt v✏ hoàng ⌥ không Trong l✏ch s ⌥ã x⇤y ra r⇣t nhiu nh⌦ng khác nhau là m⇣y. v⇠ tàn sát ⌥⇡m máu.

"There is not much difference between a "There have been many times throughout king and an emperor." history when a hideous massacre occurred."

Nhiu th k⇢ tr⇧c, mt v✏ vua th⇧⌃ng có Vua và các nhà cm quyn ch yên tâm nhiu phi tn ⌥ ph⇠c v⇠ nh⌦ng ham cai tr✏ v⇧✓ng qu◆c c⌧a h⇥ t trong các mu◆n c⌧a h⇥. ⌥i ni ⌥⇧c b⇤o v nghiêm ng t.

"Centuries ago, kings had many "Kings and rulers only felt safe ruling their concubines to take care of their physical kingdom from inside the safety of a citadel." desires."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #5 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HUE 4 Did you Know?

⇥i n⇤i Hu⌅ là m⇤t pháo ⇧ài v⌃i m⇤t d⌥i t ng thành kh⌦ng l↵ bao quanh bi hào b⌥o v. Hào ⇧c thông ra Sông H✏ng, là ⇧ ng thu⇣ chính ⇧i qua Hu⌅. ⇥i n⇤i ch⌘a Hoàng Thành, bên trong là T✓ C◆m Thành, và là n✏i riêng ca vua và hoàng gia nhà Nguyn. Hoàng ⇧⌅ Gia Long, ng i thng nh◆t Vit Nam vào n⌫m 1802, ⇧ã quy⌅t ⇧⇠nh xây d⇡ng kinh ⇧ô t⇥i thành ph này theo l i c v◆n ca m⇤t nhóm các nhà ⇧⇠a ch◆t h⇢c. Vic xây d⇡ng toà ⇧⇥i n⇤i ⇧c khi công vào n⌫m 1804. T ng thành ban ⇧u ⇧c ⇧⌧p bng ⇧◆t nung, nhng sau ⇧ó ⇧ã ⇧c thay th⌅ bng t ng g⇥ch ⇧á dày hai mét.

The citadel in Hue was a fortress with a massive wall that was circled by a moat. The moat was connected to the Perfume River, which is the main waterway through Hue. The citadel housed the Imperial City, which held the Purple Forbidden City, a complex reserved specifically for the Nguyen ruling family. Emperor Gia Long, who took over Vietnam in 1802, chose the citadel's site based on advice from a group of geomancers that he asked about where he should build his palace. Construction on the citadel began in 1804. The original walls were made of earth, but later they were replaced by walls of stone that were two meters thick.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #5 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HUE 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #6 Top 10 Vietnamese Regions and Cities: Ha Long Bay

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 6

1. Vnh H⇥ Long

2. H⇥ Long là thành ph⇤ t⌅nh l⇧ c⌃a t⌅nh Qu⌥ng Ninh, Vit Nam. Thành ph⇤ n m cách th⌃ ⌦ô Hà N↵i kho⌥ng 75 dm v phía ⌦ông bc. Nn kinh t✏ c⌃a H⇥ Long ch⌃ y✏u bao g⇣m du lch, mc dù tr⌘✓c ⌦ây thành ph⇤ này là m↵t th xã khai thác than. Thành ph⇤ có Vnh H⇥ Long, ngh◆a là "vnh n⌘✓c ni r⇣ng ⌦áp xu⇤ng." Vnh này là m↵t ⌦im ⌦✏n hp d⌫n cho du khách t⇥i Vit Nam.

3. H⇥ Long ⌦⌘⇠c chia thành hai khu ⇡ phía ⌦ông và phía tây c⌃a thành ph⇤. ⇢ phía ⌦ông, b⇥n s tìm thy các toà nhà chính ph⌃ và ph⌧n l✓n khu công nghip c⌃a thành ph⇤. M↵t cây c⌧u n⇤i phía ⌦ông và phía tây c⌃a thành ph⇤, là khu vc có h⌧u h✏t các ⌦im hp d⌫n du khách. ⇢ phía nam c⌃a thành ph⇤ là Núi Bài Th, ⌦⌘⇠c nhc ⌦✏n trong rt nhiu bài th ni ti✏ng.

4. Vnh H⇥ Long cha hn 3.000 ⌦⌥o nh và carxt ⌦á vôi. Nhiu ⌦⌥o nh trong s⇤ này r!ng ru↵t và b ⌦âm th⌃ng b⇡i rt nhiu nh"ng hang ⌦↵ng. ⇢ trong vnh, b⇥n có th tìm thy nh"ng ngôi làng ni là nhà c⌃a nh"ng ng⌘#i ng⌘ dân, s⇤ng ch⌃ y✏u nh# ngành du lch ni ⌦ây và các th⌥m thc v$t dày trên các ⌦⌥o nh . %a cht ⌦á vôi n m trong vnh c&ng là tâm ⌦im c⌃a nhiu nghiên cu b⇡i vì nó ⌦ã ⌦⌘⇠c ki✏n t⇥o t' hn 500 triu n(m v tr⌘✓c. Theo các nhà khoa h)c, quá trình ti✏n hóa carxt ⌦ã tr⌥i qua hn 20 triu n(m. Khu vc này có ˝ ngh◆a l✓n ⌦⇤i v✓i các nhà khoa h)c b⇡i s ⌦a d⇥ng ⌦a l˝, d⌫n ⌦✏n ⌦a d⇥ng sinh h)c c⌃a nó. Các nhà kh⌥o c h)c c&ng ⌦ã truy ngu⇣n g⇤c các nn v(n hoá trong vnh t✓i t$n n(m 18.000 Tr⌘✓c Công Nguyên. Trong su⇤t chiu dài lch s*, ⌦ã có vô s⇤ các di ch⌅ kh⌥o c ⌦⌘⇠c tìm thy trong vnh. Ngày nay, Vnh H⇥ Long ⌦ã ⌦⌘⇠c UNESCO công nh$n là m↵t trong nh"ng Di s⌥n Thiên nhiên Th✏ gi✓i.

ENGLISH

1. Ha Long Bay

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #6 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HA LONG BAY 2 2. Ha Long, Vietnam is the capital of Quang Ninh province. The city lies about seventy-five miles north and east of the major city of Hanoi. Ha Long's economy mostly consists of tourism, although in days past it was a coal mining town. The city is home to Ha Long Bay, which, in English, means "descending dragon bay." The bay is a popular tourist destination in Vietnam.

3. Ha Long is divided into the east and west sides of the city. On the east side, you will find most of the major government buildings and a large part of the city's industry. A bridge connects it with the west side, which is where most of the tourist attractions are located. Just south of the city is Bai Tho Mountain, which appears in many very well-known poems.

4. Ha Long Bay holds more than three thousand islets and limestone karsts. Many of these islets are hollow and riddled with caves. Within the bay, you will find floating villages that house fishermen, who are largely supported by the marine life and thick vegetation on the islets. The limestone in the bay has been the focus of much study because it has been forming for more than five hundred million years. According to scientists, the karst has been forming for twenty million years. The region is significant for scientists because of its geo-diversity, which has resulted in a great biodiversity. Archeologists have traced settlements in the bay back to 18,000 B.C. Throughout history, there have been numerous important artifacts found in the bay. Today the bay is on UNESCO's list of World Heritage sites.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

bao g⇣m consist

carxt karst

%á vôi limestone

%a d⇥ng ⌦a l˝ geo-diversity

%a d⇥ng sinh h)c biodiversity

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #6 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HA LONG BAY 3 di ch⌅ kh⌥o c artifact

⌦âm th⌃ng riddle verb

%⌥o nh islet

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Th gi⇥i bao g⇤m nhi⌅u dân t⇧c và qu⌃c Carxt⌥ là m⇧t loi hình ⌦a ch↵t.

gia. "Karsts are a type of geologic formation." "The world consists of many different peoples and nations."

á vôi là m⇧t loi á t nhiên r↵t p. a dng ⌦a l˝ có ˝ ngh✏a l⇥n h⌥n là ch⇣

m⇧t khu vc v⇥i nhi⌅u loi á khác nhau. "Limestone is a very beautiful type of natural stone." "Geo-diversity is about much more than an area with many different kinds of rocks."

a dng sinh h⌘c ngh✏a là có r↵t nhi⌅u Các nhà kh✓o c◆ h⌘c ã và vn ang tìm loài s⌃ng trong m⇧t khu vc. ra các di ch⇣ kh✓o c◆ trong nhi⌅u th k

nay. "Biodiversity means that many different species live in an area." "Archeologists have been discovering artifacts for centuries."

Hông xe b⌦ âm thng b⌫ng r↵t nhi⌅u l⇠ ✓o nh⇢ ch⇣ ⌥n thun là các ✓o có di⌧n n b⇡n. tích vô cùng nh⇢.

"The side of the car was riddled with bullet "Islets are simply extremely small islands." holes."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you Know?

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #6 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HA LONG BAY 4

Truyn thuy⇥t nói r⇤ng các hòn ⌅⇧o nh⌃ và carxt⌥ n⇤m trong Vnh H Long là k⇥t qu⇧ c⌦a m↵t trn chi⇥n gia ng✏i Vi⇣t Nam và Trung Qu⌘c. Theo truyn thuy⇥t, Ng✓c Hoàng ⌅ã sai r◆ng xu⌘ng trn gian ⌅ b⇧o v⇣ ng✏i Vi⇣t kh⌃i quân xâm lc Trung Qu⌘c. ⌫ b⇧o v⇣ ⌅⇠t n⇡c, ⌅àn r◆ng này ⌅ã nh⇧ ra vô s⌘ châu ng✓c, t o thành nhng b⇢c t✏ng vng chc ch⌧n ⌅⇢ng b⇡c xâm lc c⌦a Trung Qu⌘c. Truyn thuy⇥t còn k r⇤ng ⌅àn r◆ng này sau ⌅ó ⌅ã quy⇥t ⌅nh l i vùng n⇡c H Long. Ng✏i ⌅a ph⌥ng k r⇤ng H Long là n⌥i r◆ng m ⌅ã h xu⌘ng. H✓ cng cho r⇤ng ⌅⇧o Bái T Long là n⌥i r◆ng con t⌃ lòng tôn kính m, và B ch Long V! là n⌥i r◆ng con qu"y n⇡c, t o thành các b✓t n⇡c trng xoá quanh khu v#c ⌅ó.

Legends say that the islets and karsts located in Ha Long Bay are the result of a battle between the Vietnamese and Chinese. According to the story, the gods sent dragons to protect against the invading Chinese. In defense of the land, the dragons supposedly spat out jade and jewels, which created a wall to keep the Chinese out. The myth also says that the dragons decided to take up residence in Ha Long after this incident. Locals say that the area designated as Ha Long is where the mother dragon came down. They say Bai Tu Long Island is the location where her children took care of her, and Bach Long Vy was the area where her children thrashed their tails about, creating the foam that is widespread in that particular part of the bay.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #6 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: HA LONG BAY 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #7 Top 10 Vietnamese Regions and Cities: Dien Bien Phu

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 7

1. i⇥n Biên Ph⇤

2. i⇥n Biên Ph⇤ là thành ph⌅ t⇧nh l⌃ c⇤a t⇧nh i⇥n Biên t⌥i Vi⇥t Nam. Thành ph⌅ này hu nh ch⇧ ⌦ ↵c bit ⌦n vì Trn chin i⇥n Biên Ph⇤, xy ra trong Chin tranh ông D ✏ng ln th⇣ nh⌘t. Thành ph⌅ n✓m trong Thung l◆ng M ng Thanh, có hình d⌥ng nh mt trái tim và n✓m phía tây c⇤a t⇧nh i⇥n Biên. i⇥n Biên Ph⇤ có v⌫ trí không xa biên gi⇠i Lào là m⌘y. T⇧nh i⇥n Biên ⌦ ↵c thành lp n⇡m 2004; tr ⇠c ⌦ó, thành ph⌅ i⇥n Biên Ph⇤ tr⇢c thuc t⇧nh Lai Châu.

3. i⇥n Biên Ph⇤ có ˝ ngha l⇠n vì vai trò c⇤a thành ph⌅ này trong nh⌧ng n⇡m ⌦u c⇤a thp niên 1950. Trong thi gian này, mt chin d⌫ch buôn bán thu⌅c phi⇥n l⇠n có th khu⌘y ⌦ng ⌦ ↵c hàng t Francs Pháp mi n⇡m. Thêm vào ⌦ó, i⇥n Biên Ph⇤ còn là mt ngu n cung c⌘p g⌥o chính cho Vi⇥t Minh, mt t! ch⇣c ⌦c lp ⌦ ng minh.

4. S⇢ ki⇥n tranh cãi ⌦"t i⇥n Biên Ph⇤ lên bn ⌦ b#t ⌦u vào n⇡m 1953 khi l⇢c l ↵ng Liên quân Pháp c⇤ng c⌅ khu v⇢c b✓ng chin d⌫ch hàng không l⇠n nh⌘t trong cuc Chin tranh ông D ✏ng ln mt. Chin d⌫ch có m$c ⌦ích là ⌦ c#t ⌦ ng tip t hu cn cho Vi⇥t Minh và t⌥o d⇢ng tình hu⌅ng d$ quân ⌦ ng minh ra ngoài.

5. N⇡m sau ⌦ó là mt n⇡m ⌦⇧nh ⌦im c⇤a l⌫ch s% Vi⇥t Nam. Trn chin i⇥n Biên Ph⇤ kéo dài t& tháng 3 ⌦n tháng 5 n⇡m 1954. Kt qu là mt th⌘t b⌥i hoàn toàn cho Vi⇥t Minh, sau ⌦ó, Vi⇥t Nam ⌦ã b⌫ chia c#t làm ⌦ôi, mi'n b#c có ⌦ ↵c ⌦c lp và mi'n nam v(n là mt thuc ⌦⌫a c⇤a Pháp.

ENGLISH

1. Dien Bien Phu

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #7 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: DIEN BIEN PHU 2 2. Dien Bien Phu is the capital of Dien Bien province in Vietnam. The city is mostly known for the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, which happened during the First Indochina War. The city is in the Muong Thanhn Valley, which is shaped like a heart and sits on the west side of Dien Bien province. Dien Bien Phu is located not far from the Laotian boarder. Dien Bien province was created in 2004; before then, the city of Dien Bien Phu actually was in Lai Chau province.

3. Dien Bien Phu is of significance because of the role it played in the early 1950s. During this time, a major opium operation was churning out billions of French Francs every year. In addition, it served as one of the main sources of rice for the Viet Minh, an independence coalition.

4. The controversy that put Dien Bien Phu on the map started in 1953 when the French Union force fortified the region through the largest air operation in the First Indochina War. The operation was meant to cut off supply routes for the Viet Minh and create circumstances that would help to draw the coalition out.

5. The next year turned out to be a climactic one for Vietnam. The Battle of Dien Bien Phu lasted from March until May of 1954. The battle resulted in a decisive defeat for the Viet Minh, and as a result, Vietnam was split into two parts, with the northern part being independent and the southern part remaining under the control of France.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English

khu⌘y ⌦ng churn

thu⌅c phi⇥n opium

⌦ ng minh coalition

c⇤ng c⌅ fortify

⌦⇧nh ⌦im climactic

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #7 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: DIEN BIEN PHU 3 hoàn toàn decisive

tình hu⌅ng circumstance

› ngha significance

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Vi c⇥n bão khu⇤y ⌅⇧ng ⌅iên ⌅⌃o ⌥ ngoài Thu✏c phi⇣n là m⇧t lo⌘i thu✏c gây nghi⇣n kh⇥i, nhng c dân c⌦a th↵ tr⇤n nh thu ngày nay không còn ph✓ bi◆n nh tr c mình vào ⌅ ⌅ c an toàn. na.

"With the storm churning just off-shore, the "Opium is a very addictive drug that is not residents of the small town hunkered as popular today as it once was." down to stay safe."

Vi⇣c quan trng là các t✓ chc phi li H c⌦ng c✏ bc t ⇠ng thành trong n⇡ l⇢c nhun nên k◆t ⌅⌫ng minh và làm vi⇣c ngn ch⌧n ⌅⇧i quân xâm l c.

cùng nhau. "The men fortified the walls in an attempt "It is important for non-profit organizations to keep the invading armies out." to form a coalition and work together."

Phn ⌅nh ⌅im c⌦a câu chuy⇣n ⌅ã làm ôi khi m⇧t th!ng li hoàn toàn là ⌅i"u thay ⌅✓i hoàn toàn dòng ch⌃y c⌦a l↵ch không th.

s. "Sometimes a decisive victory is not "The climactic part of the story changed possible." the entire course of history."

M⇧t s✏ tình hu✏ng trong cu⇧c s✏ng s# › ngh%a c⌦a m⇧t s✏ s⇢ ki⇣n nh⇤t ⌅↵nh ⌅ôi d$n chúng ta ti nhng n⇥i mà ta ngh% khi không ⌅ c ta l%nh h⇧i.

mình s# không bao gi⇠ ⌅◆n. "The significance of certain events is "Certain circumstances in life will lead us sometimes lost on us." to places we never thought we would go."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #7 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: DIEN BIEN PHU 4 Did you Know?

B phim Pháp vào n⇥m 1992 mang tên ⇤i⌅n Biên Ph⇧ k⌃ l⌥i din bi n c⇧a Tr⌦n chi n ⇤i⌅n Biên Ph⇧ và ↵c coi là mt trong nhng b phim chi n tranh quan tr✏ng nh⇣t c⇧a Pháp trong l⌘ch s✓ ngành ngh◆. Ông ↵⌥o din b phim ↵ã nói rng ↵ây là mt b phim tài li⌅u k⌘ch tính v◆ nhng s ki⌅n ↵ã xy ra. Các cnh chi n tranh r⇣t chân th⌦t và ↵c th⌃ hi⌅n qua ↵ôi m⌫t c⇧a nhi◆u nhân v⌦t trong phim. Ngoài ra còn có mt s⇠ y u t⇠ t truy⌅n trong phim. Pierre Schoendoerffer ↵ã vi t và ↵⌥o din b phim, và ông c⇡ng là mt nhân ch⇢ng s⇠ng t⌥i Vi⌅t Nam trong tr⌦n ↵ánh ↵ó. Ông th⌦m chí còn b⌘ thng vào tháng 3 n⇥m 1954, nhng v⌧n nh⇣t quy t quay l⌥i thành ph⇠ ↵⌃ ông có th⌃ l⌦p mt b phim tài li⌅u. Th⌦t ↵áng ti c, nhng cnh quay th⌦t v◆ cuc chi n c⇧a ông ↵ã không có c hi ↵c b⇣t k mt ai chiêm ngng bi vì ông ↵ã ↵⌦p tan máy quay cùng v i phim quay ↵c tr! mt s⇠ ↵ã b⌘ t⌘ch thu bi quân ↵i Vi⌅t Nam.

The 1992 French movie Dien Bien Phu chronicled the Battle of Dien Bien Phu and is considered to be one of the most important French war movies in the history of the industry. The director has said that the film is a docudrama that's based on events that actually happened. The war scenes are extremely realistic and shown through the eyes of various characters in the film. There are also some autobiographical elements in the movie. Pierre Schoendoerffer wrote and directed the film, and he was actually present in Vietnam during the battle. He had actually been injured in March of 1954, but he insisted on going back to the city so that he could document the conflict. Unfortunately, his actual footage of the battle was never seen by anyone because he destroyed his camera and his film, except for a few sections that were confiscated by Vietnamese troops.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #7 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: DIEN BIEN PHU 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #8 Top 10 Vietnamese Regions and Cities: Can Tho

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 8

1. Cn Th⇥

2. Thành ph⇤ Cn Th⇥ ⌅⇧⌃c bi⌥t ⌅⌥n nh⇧ th ph ca mi n tây Vi⌦t Nam. Thành ph⇤ là nhà ca c↵ng ⌅ng dân c⇧ ⌅ông ⌅úc nht Châu th✏ Sông Mê Kông (còn g⇣i là ⌘ng b✓ng châu th✏ Sông C◆u Long). Thành ph⇤ to lc trên b Sông Hu và cách Thành ph⇤ H Chí Minh d⇧⌫i 160 km. Rt nhi u ng⇧i Vi⌦t Nam coi vùng Châu th✏ Sông Mê Kông là v⇠a lúa ca Vi⌦t Nam bi vì khu v⇠c này s⇡n xut h⇥n m↵t n◆a l⇧⌃ng lúa tiêu th⇢ ti Vi⌦t Nam.

3. Vùng Châu th✏ Sông Mê Kông ⌅⇧⌃c hình thành t các trm tích phù sa ca Sông Mê Kông và các nhánh sông ca nó khi các sông này ⌅✏ ra bi⌧n. Khu v⇠c này có ngun ⌅↵ng vt hoang dã rt phong phú, và ⌅ã có h⇥n 10.000 loài ⌅↵ng vt m⌫i ⌅⇧⌃c phát hi⌦n các khu v⇠c ch⇧a ⌅⇧⌃c khám phá ti ⌅ây. Các nhà thám hi⌧m thm chí còn tìm thy m↵t vài loi chu↵t mà các bác h⇣c cho r✓ng ⌅ã tuy⌦t chng t lâu.

4. Có b✓ng chng cho thy ⌅ã xut hi⌦n n n vn hoá ti khu v⇠c châu th✏ t hàng nghìn nm v tr⇧⌫c, ít nht là t nhng nm 400 Tr⇧⌫c Công Nguyên. Các di ch kh⇡o c✏ cho thy khu v⇠c này có vai trò quan tr⇣ng thi ⌅i ⌅⌥ qu⇤c Phù Nam và Chân Lp, tn ti hàng trm nm. Vùng châu th✏ này c!ng là m↵t phn quan tr⇣ng ca ⌘⌥ qu⇤c Khmer, ⌅ã sinh s⇤ng trong khu v⇠c rt nhi u nm tr⇧⌫c khi n✏i lên ⌅"a v" th⇤ng tr" vào th⌥ k# 11.

5. ⌘⌥ qu⇤c Khmer có liên k⌥t v⌫i Campuchia, nh⇧ng nhng n$ l⇠c ca ng⇧i Vi⌦t nm 1698 ⌅ã thành công trong vi⌦c cô lp vùng châu th✏ này kh%i tm ⇡nh h⇧ng ca Campuchia. Vào thp niên 1860, vùng châu th✏ ch"u s⇠ th⇤ng tr" ca ng⇧i Pháp.

6. Ngày nay khu v⇠c này còn ⌅⇧⌃c bi⌥t ⌅⌥n vì nhng phiên ch⌃ n✏i ca nó. Rt nhi u ng⇧i ⌅ã mua bán hàng ngay trên sông. Ngoài ra còn có nhng v⇧n chim cho du khách khám phá và vô s⇤ nhng loi qu⇡ nhi⌦t ⌅⌫i có th⌧ th⇧ng thc.

ENGLISH

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #8 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: CAN THO 2 1. Can Tho

2. Can Tho, Vietnam is known as the capital of the western part of the nation. It's home to the largest population in the Mekong Delta. The city sits on the Hau River less than one hundred miles away from Ho Chi Minh City. Many Vietnamese consider the Mekong Delta to be Vietnam's rice basket because it produces more than half of the rice consumed in Vietnam.

3. The Mekong Delta area is made up of the Mekong River and its tributaries as they feed into the sea. The area is rich in wildlife, and more than ten thousand new species of animals have been uncovered in parts of the region that were previously unexplored. Explorers even found a type of rat that scientists thought had been extinct.

4. There is evidence of settlements in the delta area going back many thousands of years, at least as long ago as the 400s BC. Artifacts show that the region was important during the Funan and Chenla empires, which existed there for hundreds of years. The delta was also a major part of the Khmer Empire, which was in the area long before it rose to dominance in the 1000s.

5. The Khmer Empire is linked to Cambodia, and Vietnamese efforts in 1698 isolated the delta region from Cambodia. By the 1860s, the delta had been colonized by the French.

6. Today the region is very well known for its floating markets. Many people conduct commerce right on the river. There are also beautiful bird gardens to explore and numerous tropical fruits to eat.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

⌅⌥ qu⇤c empire

⌘"a v" th⇤ng tr" dominance

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #8 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: CAN THO 3 châu th✏ delta

tuy⌦t chng extinct

nhánh sông distributary

ch⇧a ⌅⇧⌃c khám phá unexplored

tiêu th⇢ consume verb

di ch kh⇡o c✏ artifact

SAMPLE SENTENCES

S th⇥ng tr⇤m c⌅a các ⇧⌃ qu⌥c ⇧ã luôn ↵a v↵ th⌥ng tr↵ c⌅a Hoa K✏ ⇧⇣⌘c nhi✓u xy ra k t⌦ khi l↵ch s bt ⇧⇤u. qu⌥c gia xem là m◆t m⌥i ⇧e do.

"The rise and fall of empires is something "American dominance is seen by many that has been happening since the countries as a threat." beginning of time."

Vùng châu th th⇣ng là n⌫i thu⇠n l⌘i ⇧ áng bun là có rt nhi✓u loài ⇧◆ng v⇠t phát tri n nông nghi⇡p và giao thông b⇢i ⇧ã b↵ tuy⇡t ch⌅ng.

vì có rt nhi✓u con sông t⌧ h◆i v✓ m◆t "Sadly, a number of animal species are ⇧i m ⇢ ⇧ây. now extinct." "A delta region is often a rich source for agriculture and transportation because of the many rivers that converge at one point."

M◆t s⌥ sông có rt nhi✓u nhánh sông. Còn rt ít ⇧↵a ⇧i m trên th⌃ gii ch⇣a

⇧⇣⌘c khám phá. "Some rivers have many distributaries." "There are few places on this Earth that are still unexplored."

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #8 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: CAN THO 4 Con s⌥ thc phm ⇧⇣⌘c tiêu th⌧ ti M Các nhà kho c h"c ⇧ã và v#n ⇧ang tìm trong m◆t n⇥m th⇠t là ⇧áng kinh ngc khi ra các di ch$ kho c trong nhi✓u th⌃ k% bn xét ⇧⌃n vi⇡c có rt nhi✓u ng⇣i trên nay. th⌃ gii b↵ ch⌃t ⇧ói m!i n⇥m. "Archeologists have been discovering "The amount of food consumed in the U.S. artifacts for centuries." in a year is staggering when you consider how many people in the world starve each year."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you Know?

Cu Cn Th⇥ b⇤c qua Sông H⌅u là cây cu dây v⇧ng dài nh⌃t t⌥i ông Nam Á. Sông H⌅u là nhánh sông l n nh⌃t c⌦a Sông Mê Kông. Khi cây cu ↵c xây dng, t✏ng chi phí là kho⇣ng 342,6 tri⌘u ↵ô la M✓ (t⇥ng ↵⇥ng 4.832 t◆ ↵ng Vi⌘t Nam). Cu ↵c khi công xây dng vào n⇧m 2004 và hoàn thành n⇧m 2010. Cây cu ↵ã ↵c d kin hoàn thành vào n⇧m 2008, nhng l⌥i b⌫ s⌅p m⇠t phn vào n⇧m 2007. Các quan ch⇡c Vi⌘t Nam cho bit s c⇢ s⌅p cu là th⇣m ho⌥ l n nh⌃t trong ngành công nghi⌘p xây dng c⌦a qu⇢c gia này t i thi ↵i⌧m ↵ó. H⇥n 200 k✓ s và công nhân ↵ã b⌫ cht hoc b⌫ th⇥ng trong th⇣m ho⌥. Chính ph⌦ Vi⌘t Nam ↵ã cáo bu⇠c 2 nhà thu Nh⌅t B⇣n vì ↵ã không c⌦ng c⇢ kt c⌃u cu theo ↵úng k✓ thu⌅t.

The Can Tho Bridge spans the Hau River, and it's the largest cable-stayed bridge in southeastern Asia. The Hau River is the Mekong River's largest tributary. When the bridge was built, it cost about $342.6 million USD. Construction on the bridge began in 2004 and was completed in 2010. It was scheduled to be complete in 2008, but the bridge partially collapsed in 2007. Vietnamese officials say that the bridge collapse was the largest disaster in the country's construction industry up until that point. More than two hundred engineers and workmen were injured or killed in the disaster. The Vietnamese government blamed two of the Japanese contractors for not shoring up the bridge enough.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #8 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: CAN THO 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #9 Top 10 Vietnamese Regions and Cities: Buon Ma Thuot

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 9

1. Buôn Ma Thut

2. Buôn Ma Thut là thành ph⇥ t⇤nh l⌅ c⇧a t⇤nh ⌃⌥k L⌥k, ng th⌦i c↵ng là thành ph⇥ ln nht trong khu vc Tây Nguyên (hay còn g✏i là Cao nguyên Trung ph⇣n) c⇧a Vi⌘t Nam. Thành ph⇥ Buôn Ma Thut n✓m g⇣n V◆⌦n qu⇥c gia Yok ⌃ôn và ◆c ng◆⌦i dân a ph◆ng bi⌫t ⌫n vi tên g✏i là "th⇧ ph⇧ cà phê". L˝ do cho danh hi⌘u ⇠c bi⌘t này là vì s⇡n ph⇢m ch⇧ o c⇧a Tây Nguyên chính là cà phê. Loi t ⌧ trong vùng này rt thích hp cho vi⌘c tr ng cà phê, c↵ng nh◆ cao su và ht iu.

3. Vùng Tây Nguyên bao g m nm t⇤nh là Lâm ⌃ ng, Kon Tum, Gia Lai, ⌃⌥k Nông và ⌃⌥k L⌥k. Khu vc này có nhiu dân tc thiu s⇥ sinh s⇥ng, có biên gii ti⌫p giáp nam Lào và mt ph⇣n Campuchia. Tây Nguyên có a hình ◆c to thành b⌧i các cao nguyên ti⌫p giáp nhau, và ◆c bao b✏c b⌧i nh ng dãy núi cao.

4. Ph⇣n ln t c⇧a Tây Nguyên ◆c s! d"ng làm nông nghi⌘p, và rt nhiu khu r#ng nguyên sinh ti ó ◆c nhà n◆c b⇡o v⌘. V◆⌦n qu⇥c gia Yok ⌃ôn, V◆⌦n qu⇥c gia Cát Tiên và V◆⌦n qu⇥c gia Kon Ka Kinh u n✓m trong khu vc. Mt s⇥ loài ng v$t b e do nht ⌧ vùng ⌃ông Nam Á c↵ng có th ◆c tìm thy ti Tây Nguyên, bao g m loài bò tót kh%ng l , loài trâu r#ng ⌃ông Nam Á, loài h% ⌃ông D◆ng và bò banteng. Khu vc này c↵ng có nh ng tri thu⇣n d◆&ng voi, là im lui ⌫n c⇧a các du khách ham thích c◆&i voi. Tây Nguyên n%i ti⌫ng vi nh ng c⇡nh 'p thiên nhiên, ◆c tô im b✓ng các khu r#ng và ng v$t hoang dã ◆c b⇡o v⌘, nh ng thác n◆c k( v) và nh ng h n◆c th mng.

ENGLISH

1. Buon Ma Thuot

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #9 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: BUON MA THUOT 2 2. Buon Ma Thuot, Vietnam is the capital of Dak Lak Province and the largest city in Vietnam's Central Highlands region. It's located not far from Yok Don National Park and is known by locals as the "capital of coffee." The reason for this distinction is that the most important product of the Central Highlands area is coffee. The type of soil found in the region is perfect for growing coffee, as well as rubber and cashews.

3. The Central Highlands includes the five provinces of Lam Dong, Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Nong, and Dak Lak. Large minority populations live in the region, which borders southern Laos and part of Cambodia. The highlands are made up of a chain of contiguous plateaus, which are surrounded by strings of mountains.

4. Much of the Central Highlands area is used for agriculture, and many of the primitive forests found there are actually protected. Yok Don National Park, Cat Tien National Park, and Kon Ka Kinh National Park are all located in the area. Some of the most endangered species of animals in southeastern Asia can be found in the Central Highlands area, including the huge gaur, the wild Asian water buffalo, the Indochinese tiger, and the banteng. The region is also an elephant training area, and tourists who want to ride an elephant often venture out there. The Central Highlands is largely known for its natural beauty, which is highlighted by the protected forests and wildlife, incredible waterfalls, and relaxing river pools.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English

dân tc thiu s⇥ minority

ti⌫p giáp contiguous

cao nguyên plateau

nguyên sinh primitive

danh hi⌘u ⇠c bi⌘t distinction

bò tót gaur

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #9 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: BUON MA THUOT 3 bò banteng banteng

b e do endangered

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Trong sut chi⇥u dài l⇤ch s⌅, các dân t⇧c Hoa K✏ ti⇣p giáp v⌘i Mexico.

thi⌃u s th⌥ng c m th⌦y b⇤ áp b↵c bi "The United States is contiguous to c⇧ng ng ông dân. Mexico." "Throughout history, minorities often felt the oppression of the majority population."

Cao nguyên là vùng ⌦t nhô lên cao nh⌥ Rng nguyên sinh là rng t nhiên ch⌥a núi, nh⌥ng khác núi i⌃m có b⇥ m✓t b⇤ ho✓c r⌦t ít b⇤ tác ⇧ng c⌫a con ng⌥i.

b◆ng phng. "A primitive forest is untouched nature at "Plateaus are land features that are raised its finest." much like a mountain, but flat on top, unlike mountains."

Không ph i ai c⇠ng có th⌃ mang danh Bò tót còn ⌥⇢c gi là bò rng ⌧n ⇧.

hi⇡u ✓c bi⇡t là m⇧t tác gi có sách xu⌦t "The gaur is also known as the Indian b n. bison." "Not everyone has the distinction of being a published author."

Bò banteng là m⇧t loài bò rng tìm th⌦y Loài ⇧ng vt hoang dã b⇤ e do là loài châu Á. có nguy c b⇤ tuy⇡t ch⌫ng.

"The banteng is a type of wild cattle found "Endangered wildlife are those in danger in Asia." of being made extinct."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #9 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: BUON MA THUOT 4 Did you Know?

Buôn Ma Thut là n⇥i x⇤y ra tr⌅n ⇧ánh quy⌃t ⇧⌥nh gia quân ⇧i b c và nam Vi⌦t Nam trong Chi⌃n Tranh Vi⌦t Nam. ↵ k ni⌦m tr⌅n ⇧ánh này, chi⌃c xe tng ⇧✏u tiên c⇣a B c Vi⌦t ⇧i vào thành ph⌘ ngày hôm ⇧ó ⇧ã ⇧✓◆c ⇧t trung tâm thành ph⌘. ↵ã có mt s⌘ ˝ ki⌃n cho rng nên chuyn chi⌃c xe tng này vào b⇤o tàng. H⇥n 3/4 ⇧⇥n v⌥ chi⌃n ⇧⌫u c⇣a Nam Vi⌦t ⇧ã hi sinh khi Tây Nguyên và Buôn Ma Thut r⇥i vào tay quân ⇧i B c Vi⌦t. Nhng ng✓⇠i dân th✓⇠ng ch⇡y tr⌘n kh⇢i thành ph⌘ và ⇧i dc ↵✓⇠ng s⌘ 7 t⌧i Mê Kông sau khi thành ph⌘ th⌫t th⇣, h✏u h⌃t ⇧u b⌥ gi⌃t bi máy bay không kích t chính quân ⇧i Nam Vi⌦t, nhm tri⌦t h⇡ lc l✓◆ng B c Vi⌦t. Hàng trm nghìn ng✓⇠i ⇧ã ch⌃t trên con ⇧✓⇠ng ⇧ó, s ki⌦n này sau ⇧ó ⇧✓◆c bi⌃t ⇧⌃n v⌧i cái tên "↵oàn xe n✓⌧c m t".

Buon Ma Thuot was the location of the last big battle between northern and southern Vietnamese troops in the Vietnam War. In memory of that battle, the very first tank from North Vietnam that rolled into the city on that day sits right in the middle of the town. There is some discussion about moving the tank into a museum. More than three-quarters of the South Vietnamese combat units were lost when the Central Highlands and Buon Ma Thuot fell to the North Vietnamese. Most of the civilians who evacuated the city and traveled along Route 7 to Mekong after the city fell were killed by air raids from their own South Vietnamese army as it tried to wipe out the North Vietnamese. Hundreds of thousands of them died on that road, which is now known as the Convoy of Tears.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #9 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: BUON MA THUOT 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #10 Top 10 Vietnamese Regions and Cities: Mekong Delta

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 10

1. ⇥ng b⇤ng sông Mê Kông

2. ⇥ng b⇤ng sông Mê Kông (hay còn g⌅i là ⇥ng b⇤ng sông C⇧u Long) là vùng giao ti⌃p gi⌥a bin và c⇧a sông Mê Kông t i Vi⌦t Nam. Khu v↵c này c bi⌃t ⌃n v✏i cái tên v↵a lúa c⇣a qu⌘c gia b✓i vì quang c◆nh sông n✏c y tràn nh⌥ng cánh ⇥ng lúa c⇣a nó. Hu nh toàn b lng lúa g o tiêu th t i Vi⌦t Nam ⌫u ⌃n t⇠ khu v↵c này, và v⇡n còn th⇠a r⇢t nhi⌫u cho xu⇢t khu. Vì n⌫n kinh t⌃ c⇣a khu v↵c ⇥ng b⇤ng d↵a ch⇣ y⌃u trên m⌧t n✏c, nên khu v↵c này cng là nhà c⇣a r⇢t nhi⌫u ch ni.

3. Bên c nh bu không khí mc m c c⇣a mi⌫n ⇥ng b⇤ng, r⇢t nhi⌫u du khách ⌃n ây th✓ng thc nh⌥ng khía c nh khác c⇣a t↵ nhiên, ví d nh nh⌥ng khu b◆o t⇥n chim muông t i ây. Các du khách cng s tìm th⇢y nh⌥ng v!n cây, tr i cá và ch hoa, cng nh r⇢t nhi⌫u nh⌥ng ngôi chùa c. Núi Sam là mt im ⌃n l˝ t✓ng cho nh⌥ng ng!i khách b hành ki⌃m tìm mt hành trình tâm linh. ây cng là mt im ⌃n ph bi⌃n cho các cuc hành h"ng c⇣a ng!i theo o Ph#t. K c◆ nh⌥ng du khách t↵ nh#n là không có kh◆ n$ng leo núi cng có th lên ⌃n %nh ng⌅n núi này, b✓i !ng i ã c lát b⇤ng b#c ch&c ch&n, nên b n s có c◆m giác nh ang trèo mt chi⌃c cu thang khng l⇥ v#y.

4. Mt s⌘ du khách có th s không có ⇣ ki⌃n thc ánh giá úng s↵ a d ng sinh h⌅c có th tìm th⇢y t i ⇥ng b⇤ng sông Mê Kông, nhng t⇢t c◆ m⌅i ng!i s có th th✓ng thc quang c◆nh 'p n"i ây. H"n 10.000 loài ng v#t m✏i ã c tìm th⇢y trong khu v↵c, trong ó có h"n mt loài tr✏c ó t✓ng ã b( tuy⌦t ch⇣ng trên th⌃ gi✏i.

ENGLISH

1. Mekong Delta

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #10 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: MEKONG DELTA 2 2. The Mekong Delta is the region where the sea meets the mouth of the Mekong River in Vietnam. The area is known as the country's rice basket because of the watery landscape that's full of rice paddies. Most, if not all, of the rice eaten in Vietnam comes from this region, and there is still a sizeable amount left over for export. Since the economy of the delta relies on the water, it also makes sense that the region is home to numerous floating markets.

3. Aside from the rustic atmosphere in the delta, many travelers also go there to enjoy nature in other forms, like the several bird sanctuaries that are located there. Visitors will also find orchards, fish farms, and flower markets, as well as traditional Vietnamese pagodas. Sam Mountain is the perfect tourist destination for hikers or those on a spiritual journey. It is a very common place for Buddhists to make a pilgrimage to. Even travelers who don't consider themselves to be mountain climbers will be able to make it to the top because the entire route is full of concrete steps, so it is just like climbing an enormous staircase.

4. Some visitors may not have the knowledge to fully appreciate the biological diversity that can be found in the Mekong Delta, but anyone can take in the beauty that is found there. More than ten thousands species of new animals have been found in the region, including at least one species that was believed to be extinct.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

sông n✏c watery

⇥ng lúa paddy

hành h"ng pilgrimage

hành trình journey

v!n orchard noun

khu b◆o t⇥n sanctuary

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #10 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: MEKONG DELTA 3 sinh h⌅c biological noun

a d ng diversity

SAMPLE SENTENCES

⇥m l⇥y là m⇤t vùng sông n⌅⇧c không ⌦ng lúa là m⇤t trong nh↵ng quang cnh th⌃ s⌥ dng vào vi c gì. d bt g✏p ⇣ Vi t Nam.

"The swamp was a watery region that "Rice paddies are part of the stereotypical wasn't good for much of anything." Vietnamese landscape."

Nh↵ng ng⌅⌘i thu⇤c các tôn giáo nh✓t ⌃ thc hi n m⇤t hành trình tâm linh phi ◆nh cho rng vi c thc hi n các cu⇤c c⇥n m⇤t quy⇠t tâm r✓t cá nhân.

hành h⌅⌫ng ◆⇠n nh↵ng ◆a ◆i⌃m tôn giáo "Taking a spiritual journey involves a very là r✓t quan tr⇡ng. personal level of commitment." "People of certain religions feel it is important to take a pilgrimage to places of religious significance."

R✓t nhi⇢u tr em thích ◆⇠n ch⌫i v⌅⌘n táo Khu bo t⌦n là nh↵ng n⌫i trú ⌧n mà ⇣ ◆ó vào mùa thu. s không có gì làm hi ◆⌅c bn.

"Many children love going to the apple "Sanctuaries are places of refuge where orchards in the fall." no harm will come to you."

Chi⇠n tranh sinh h⇡c là m⇤t suy ngh Chúng ta nên hoan nghênh nh↵ng s ◆a ◆áng s có th⌃ tr⇣ thành hi n thc trong dng t⌦n ti trên hành tinh c!a chúng ta.

l⌅⌫ng lai g⇥n. "We should celebrate the diversity that "Biological warfare is a frightening thought exists on our planet." that might become a reality in the near future."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #10 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: MEKONG DELTA 4 Did you Know?

⇥ng b⇤ng sông Mê Kông là quê h⌅⇧ng c⌃a c⌥i l⌅ng, m t lo⌦i hình ngh↵ thut sân khu truyn th✏ng c⌃a Vi↵t Nam. C⌥i l⌅ng có ngh⇣a nôm na là "k⌘ch c⌥i biên," và k✓t h◆p c⌥ nhng bài hát dân ca min Nam Vi↵t Nam vi nh⌦c k⌘ch c ⌫i⇠n Trung Qu✏c và ngh↵ thut tu⇥ng hi↵n ⌫⌦i. Lo⌦i hình ngh↵ thut này có ngu⇥n g✏c t⇡ nhng n⇢m ⌫u c⌃a th✓ k⌧ 20, và tr⇧ nên rt th⌘nh hành trong khu vc trong nhng n⇢m 1930 khi ng⌅i Pháp còn cai tr⌘ t⌦i Vi↵t Nam. N i dung c⌥i l⌅ng th⌅ng tp trung vào nhng giá tr⌘ ⌫⌦o ⌫c c⌃a ng⌅i Vi↵t. C⌥i l⌅ng ⌫⌅◆c chia thành hai hình thc: hi↵n ⌫⌦i và c ⌫i⇠n. C⌥i l⌅ng hi↵n ⌫⌦i bao g⇥m nhng v⇧ k⌘ch v xã h i Vi↵t Nam hi↵n ⌫⌦i. Còn c⌥i l⌅ng c ⌫i⇠n th⌅ng k⇠ nhng truy↵n truyn thuy✓t ho c l⌘ch s! và có các nhân vt m c qun áo c trang.

The Mekong Delta is home to cai luong, a form of traditional Vietnamese theatre. The name translates roughly as "reformed theater," and it combines folk songs from the southern part of Vietnam with classical Chinese opera and modern drama. This art form dates back to the early 1900s, and it became very popular in the region in the 1930s when the French were heavily colonizing Vietnam. Cai luong is traditionally focused on Vietnam's moral values. There are both modern and ancient forms of this performance art. Modern forms include tales about society in Vietnam today. The ancient form is usually about a legend or myth and includes characters in period dress.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #10 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE REGIONS AND CITIES: MEKONG DELTA 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #11 Top 10 Vietnamese Holidays and Festivals: National Day

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 11

1. Ngày Quc Khánh Vi⇥t Nam

2. Ngày Quc Khánh Vi⇥t Nam ⇤⌅⇧c t⌃ ch⌥c vào ngày 2 tháng 9 hàng nm. Ngày l này ⇤ánh d⌦u s↵ ki⇥n Vi⇥t Nam chính th⌥c tr thành mt quc gia ⇤c lp vào nm 1945. H✏ Chí Minh ⇤⌅⇧c ghi nhn là ng⌅⇣i ⇤ã công b n⌘n ⇤c lp c✓a Vi⇥t Nam và s↵ ra ⇤⇣i c✓a n⌅◆c Vi⇥t Nam Dân ch✓ Cng hoà. Ông là lãnh t c✓a Mt trn Vi⇥t Minh, ⇤⌅⇧c lãnh ⇤o bi ⌫⇠ng Cng s⇠n.

3. H✏ Chí Minh ⇤ã thuy⇡t phc Hoàng ⌫⇡ B⇠o ⌫i thoái v⇢ ngai vàng ⇤ xây d↵ng mt quc gia m◆i, sau ⇤ó tuyên ngôn ⇤c lp c✓a Vi⇥t Nam ⇤ã ⇤⌅⇧c vi⇡t. Ti th⇣i ⇤im ⇤ó, Vi⇥t Nam tuyên b ⇤c lp kh⌧i Pháp, nh⌅ng n⌅◆c Pháp li không mun t b⌧ quy⌘n kim soát ti khu v↵c này mt cách d dàng nh⌅ vy. Không lâu sau khi n⌘n ⇤c lp ⇤⌅⇧c công b, H✏ Chí Minh và lãnh ⇤o c✓a kho⇠ng 200.000 quân Quc Dân ⌫⇠ng Trung Quc ⇤ã tho⇠ thun thành lp mt chính quy⌘n liên minh thay vì mt chính ph✓ cng s⇠n hoàn toàn nh⌅ d↵ ki⇡n. Ch mt vài tháng sau ⇤ó, mt tho⇠ thun m◆i ⇤ã ⇤⌅⇧c k˝ k⇡t v◆i Pháp công nhn Vi⇥t Nam là mt bang t↵ tr⇢ trong Liên Hi⇥p Pháp. Tho⇠ thun ⇤ó ⇤⌅⇧c lp v◆i mc ⇤ích ⇤ánh ⇤u⌃i quân Trung Quc ra kh⌧i Vi⇥t Nam, và nó ⇤ã làm ⇤⌅⇧c ⇤i⌘u ⇤ó, mc dù ngay sau ⇤ó Vi⇥t Nam li ti⇡p tc chi⇡n ⇤⌦u chng quân ⇤i Pháp.

4. L k ni⇥m Quc Khánh ti Vi⇥t Nam th⌅⇣ng khá lng yên, v◆i tâm ⇤im ⇤t lên n⌘n ⇤c lp c✓a quc gia. D th⌦y hình ⇠nh lá c⇣ Vi⇥t Nam tung bay kh p n!i, và còn r⌦t nhi⌘u bu⌃i l khác ⇤⌅⇧c t⌃ ch⌥c trên ⇤⌅⇣ng ph. Ngoài ra chính ph✓ Vi⇥t Nam còn t⌃ ch⌥c b n pháo hoa ti các thành ph l◆n, và di u hành ti Qu⇠ng tr⌅⇣ng Ba ⌫ình. "nh H✏ Chí Minh c#ng ⇤⌅⇧c treo kh p n!i ⇤ t⌅ng nh◆ nh$ng công lao c✓a ông t◆i ⇤⌦t n⌅◆c.

ENGLISH

1. National Day in Vietnam

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #11 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: NATIONAL DAY 2 2. The Vietnamese holiday of National Day falls on September 2 of every year. The holiday marks the day in 1945 when Vietnam officially became its own country. Ho Chi Minh is credited with declaring Vietnam's independence and the beginning of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. He was the leader of the Viet Minh Front, which was led by the Communist Party.

3. Ho Chi Minh talked Emperor Bao Dai into abdicating his throne so that the country could become its own nation, and then Vietnam's declaration of independence was made. At that time, the country was declaring freedom from France, but France wouldn't give up control of the region so easily. Shortly after independence was declared, Ho Chi Minh and the leader of some two hundred thousand Chinese Nationalists agreed to set up a coalition government instead of one that was completely communist. Just a few months later, a new agreement was signed with France declaring the nation an autonomous state in the French Union. That agreement was designed to drive the Chinese out, which it did, although the Vietnamese then began fighting again with the French.

4. Celebrations of National Day in Vietnam are often somewhat subdued, with the focus on the nation's independence. It is very common to see Vietnamese flags flying, and there are numerous celebrations in the streets. Often the Vietnamese set off fireworks in major cities, and there is a yearly parade in Ba Dinh Square. Posters of Ho Chi Minh are also put up everywhere in honor of his contribution to the nation of Vietnam.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English

liên minh coalition

t↵ tr⇢ autonomous

lng yên subdue

công lao contribution

di u hành parade

cng s⇠n communist

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #11 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: NATIONAL DAY 3 thoái v⇢ abdicate

dân ch✓ democratic

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Mt liên minh ⇥⇤⌅c h⌅p thành b⇧i nhi⌃u M↵i bang ⇥⌃u có mt chút quy⌃n t tr.

t⌥ chc mu n h⌅p tác v⌦i nhau. "Each state is at least somewhat "The coalition was made up of several autonomous." organizations wishing to work together."

Phi gi✏ thái ⇥ kính tr⇣ng và l⌘ng yên Mt s ng⇤✓i s ng c ⇥✓i mà không h⌃ trong nhà th✓. có công lao gì cho xã hi.

"Keeping a subdued and reverent attitude "Some people live the whole life without in church is essential." contribitions to the society”

Tr◆ em rt thích xem diu hành vì khi ⇥ó ⇠ng Cng sn ⇥óng vai trò quan tr⇣ng chúng có th nh⌘t k⌫o trên ⇥⇤✓ng ph . trong xã hi Nga và Trung Qu c.

"Children love to see parades so that they "The Communist Party plays a major role can pick up candy from the streets." in the societies of Russia and China."

Khi ⇥c vua thoái v ngai vàng, c ⇥t Sc m⇡nh c⇢a n⌃n dân ch⇢ ⇥ã thng th⌧ n⇤⌦c ⇥ã chìm trong h↵n lo⇡n. trên toàn th⌧ gi⌦i hôm nay.

"When the king abdicated his throne, the "Democratic powers have become country was in an uproar." prevalent across the world today."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you Know?

Ng⇥i Vi⇤t Nam th⇥ng g⌅i H⇧ Chí Minh là "Bác H⇧" b⌃i h⌅ r⌥t coi tr⌅ng công lao ca ông

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #11 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: NATIONAL DAY 4 trong vi⇤c giành l i ⌦↵c lp cho ⌦⌥t nc. H⇧ Chí Minh qua ⌦⇥i vào ngày 2 tháng 9 nm 1969, vào ⌦úng l✏ k⇣ ni⇤m 24 nm ngày ông ⌦⌅c b⌘n tuyên ngôn ⌦↵c lp ca Vi⇤t Nam. Các quan ch✓c chính ph ⌦ã không công b◆ thông tin v cái cht ca ông cho ti hai ngày sau ⌦ó vì h⌅ không mu◆n thông báo tin này trong m↵t ngày tr⌅ng ⌦ i nh vy. Ông qua ⌦⇥i trc khi có th nhìn th⌥y kt c⌫c ca Chin tranh Vi⇤t Nam, là chin th⇠ng ca quân ⌦↵i C↵ng s⌘n ⌦◆i vi Nam Vi⇤t. Kh⇡u hi⇤u "Bác H⇧" ⌦ã ⌦⇢c s d⌫ng trên tranh c⌧ ⌦↵ng trên nhng c xe tng sau Chin tranh Vi⇤t Nam. Kh⇡u hi⇤u vit, "Bác ⌦ang cùng chúng cháu hành quân."

The Vietnamese often refer to Ho Chi Minh as "Uncle Ho" because of how important they consider his role in the nation's independence to be. Ho Chi Minh actually died on September 2, 1969, on the twenty-four-year anniversary of his declaration of independence for Vietnam. Officials did not release news of his death until two days later because they did not want to announce it on such an important anniversary in the history of the country. His death came before he could see the outcome of the Vietnam War, which led to the Communists' success over South Vietnam. The "Uncle Ho" reference was used on a poster that was displayed on tanks after the end of the Vietnam war. The poster read, "You are always marching with us, Uncle Ho."

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #11 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: NATIONAL DAY 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #12 Top 10 Vietnamese Holidays and Festivals: Tet Nguyen Dan

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 12

1. Tt Nguyên ⇥án

2. Tt Nguyên ⇥án là Tt Âm l⇤ch t⌅i Vi⇧t Nam, ⌃ánh d⌥u s b t ⌃⌦u c↵a mùa xuân. Tt là ngày l quan trng nh⌥t trong nm t⌅i ⌃⌥t n✏⇣c này. Ngày l này b t ngu⌘n t✓ âm l⇤ch c↵a ng✏◆i Thái và th✏◆ng din ra cùng ngày v⇣i Tt Trung Quc. Th◆i gian t chc Tt thay ⌃i hàng nm và th✏◆ng vào cui tháng 1 ho⌫c ⌃⌦u tháng 2. Trong ting Anh, tên c↵a ngày l có th⇠ ⌃✏⇡c d⇤ch thành "Feast of the First Morning" (L Tân Niên).

3. Ho⌅t ⌃⇢ng ⌃ón chào Tt Nguyên ⇥án ⌃✏⇡c b t ⌃⌦u khong m⇢t ho⌫c hai tu⌦n tr✏⇣c khi ngày l chính thc b t ⌃⌦u. Ng✏◆i Vi⇧t ⌃i mua s m, trang trí nhà c⌧a, và n⌥u các món n Tt truyn thng. ⇥⌘ vt trang trí bao g⌘m m⇢t Cây Nêu, là m⇢t cây tre và ⌃✏⇡c treo nhiu ⌃⌘ chi và quà t⌫ng. H còn c g ng tr ht n⇡ ⌃⇠ khi Nm M⇣i ⌃n, h không còn b⇤ n⇡ n⌦n n a. Các bc cha m! ⌃i mua s m qu⌦n áo m⇣i cho con cái, và mi ng✏◆i ⌃u chu"n b⇤ ⌃⌘ n thc ung cho nm m⇣i b#i vì các c⌧a hàng s$ ⌃óng c⌧a vào ngày Tt.

4. Ngoài khía c⌅nh th✏ng m⌅i c↵a ngày l, ng✏◆i Vi⇧t còn dành th◆i gian s⌧a sang bàn th◆ và cúng bái t tiên. H ⌃⌫t m⇢t mâm c% lên bàn th◆, trên ⌃ó th✏◆ng có ng& qu ⌃⇠ làm ⌃⌘ hin t cho linh h⌘n c↵a t tông.

5. Ngày ⌃⌦u tiên c↵a Tt ⌃✏⇡c dành riêng cho gia ⌃ình g⌦n g&i. Ông bà cha m! t⌫ng tr' nh( m⇢t bao lì xì có tin bên trong. Vào các ngày tip sau ⌃ó, ng✏◆i Vi⇧t ⌃n thm ving h hàng và b⌅n bè. Theo truyn thng thì ngày th hai dành cho b⌅n bè và ngày th ba dành cho các nhà giáo ⌃✏⇡c yêu kính.

ENGLISH

1. Tet Nguyen Dan

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #12 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: TET NGUYEN DAN 2 2. Tet Nguyen Dan is the Lunar New Year in Vietnam, which marks the beginning of spring. This holiday is the most important one in the country. The date of the holiday comes from the Thai lunar calendar and usually falls on the same date as the Chinese New Year. This date varies and is sometimes toward the end of January and sometimes in the early part of February. In English, the name of the holiday roughly translates to "Feast of the First Morning."

3. The celebration of Tet Nguyen Dan actually starts about a week or two before the holiday. Vietnamese begin shopping, putting up decorations, and making traditional Tet fare. Decorations include a New Year Tree, which is made of a bamboo pole and decorated with various items. People also work on paying off all their debts so that when the new year rolls around, they are free of debts. Parents also go shopping for new clothing for their kids, and everyone stocks up on supplies for the coming year because stores will be closed during Tet.

4. In addition to the commercial aspect of the holiday, the Vietnamese also spend time at family altars paying their respects to ancestors. As an offering to their ancestors, they place a tray on the altar that contains five fruits.

5. The first day of the holiday is for immediate family. Parents and grandparents give children a red envelope with money inside. On the following days, the Vietnamese visit extended family and friends. Tradition says that the second day is for friends and the third day is for well-respected teachers.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

g⌦n g&i immediate

tre bamboo

th✏ng m⌅i commercial

h hàng extend

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #12 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: TET NGUYEN DAN 3 Âm lunar

d⇤ch translate verb

bàn th◆ altar

món n fare

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Gia ình tr⇥c ti⇤p bao g⌅m cha m⇧ và Tre ang d⌃n tr⌥ thành nguyên liu thay các con. th⇤ g trong trang trí n⌦i th↵t.

"The immediate family consists of parents "Bamboo is rapidly becoming a and their children." sustainable alternative to wood in home décor."

Dng nh khía cnh th✏ng mi c⇣a M⌦t vài ngi không có cô, dì, chú, bác các ngày l⌘ ang d⌃n tr⌥ nên ph✓ bi⇤n hoc các thành viên h hàng khác.

h✏n m i n◆m. "Some people do not have aunts, uncles, "It seems like the commercial aspect of or other extended family." holidays is becoming more and more dominant each year."

Âm lch có m⌦t vài i⌫m khác bit so v⇠i Khi m⌦t ngi dch m⌦t câu nói t⇡ ngôn D✏ng lch (Lch ph✏ng Tây). ng⇢ này sang ngôn ng⇢ khác, h có th⌫

gp khó kh◆n trong vic di⌘n t h⇤t các "Lunar calendars are slightly different than ˝ vào on dch. the Gregorian calendar." "When someone translates a sentence from one language to another, they may have a difficult time getting all the nuances of meaning into the translation."

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #12 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: TET NGUYEN DAN 4 H⌃u nh toàn b⌦ xã h⌦i ph✏ng Tây ã n ung các món ◆n truyn thng là m⌦t không còn s d⌧ng ⇤n bàn th. thói quen quan trng i v⇠i h⌃u h⇤t các

gia ình trong ngày l⌘ l⇠n. "Most of Western society does not employ the use of an altar any longer." "Eating traditional fare is important to most families on major holidays."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you Know?

Ng⇥i Vi⇤t r⌅t kh⇧t khe v⌃ vi⇤c ai s⌥ n nhà h⌦ ↵u tiên vào Nm Mi. H⌦ tin rng ng⇥i khách ↵u tiên h⌦ ti p ón s⌥ ✏nh h⇣ng n v⌘n may c✏ nm c✓a h⌦. H⌦ còn tin rng n u nh◆ng i⌃u tt lành x✏y n vi h⌦ trong ngày ↵u nm, h⌦ s⌥ c may m⇧n c✏ nm. Trc khi vào thm nhà h⌦ hàng, ng⇥i khách ph✏i ch⇥ c m⇥i vào. Ng⇥i Vi⇤t mun m⌫t ng⇥i nào ó thành ⇠t, ⇠o ⇡c tt, và tính khí i⌃m ⇠m làm ng⇥i ↵u tiên bc vào nhà c✓a h⌦ trong d⇢p T t. Thông th⇥ng gia ch✓ s⌥ ra khi nhà trc ⌧êm Giao Tha và quay l⇠i ngay sau khi ng h im m⇥i hai gi⇥ nhm tránh vi⇤c m⌫t ng⇥i không may m⇧n s⌥ là ng⇥i ↵u tiên n thm nhà h⌦ ngày hôm ó.

The Vietnamese are very particular about who enters their home first in the New Year. They believe that the first visitor they receive plays a role in how their year will turn out. They also believe that if good things happen to them on the first day of the year, then the entire year will be blessed. Before entering the home of a relative, visitors wait to be invited in. The Vietnamese want someone who is successful, ethical, and of good temper to be the first person into their home on Tet. Often the homeowner will leave just before midnight and then go back inside right after the stroke of midnight so that someone who might be unlucky doesn't enter their home first on that day.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #12 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: TET NGUYEN DAN 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #13 Top 10 Vietnamese Holidays and Festivals: Hung Kings' Temple Festival

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 13

1. L h⇥i ⇤⌅n Hùng

2. L h⇥i ⇤⌅n Hùng (hay còn g⇧i là L gi⌃ t⌥ Hùng V ng) din ra t⌦ ngày 8 ⇤↵n ngày 11 tháng 3 âm lch, vi l h⇥i chính ⇤c t⌥ ch✏c vào ngày mùng 10. Ngày l này ⇤c t⌥ ch✏c ⇤⇣ t⌘ng nh công n c✓a các v Vua Hùng, nh◆ng ngi ⇤ã có vai trò quan tr⇧ng trong lch s c✓a ⇤t nc. Ngày l này chính th✏c ⇤c công nh⌫n t⌦ n⇠m 2007. ⇡⌅n Hùng n⇢m ⌘ tnh Phú Th⇧ trên Núi Ngh⌧a L⌧nh. ⇡ây cng là n i mà hu h↵t các hot ⇤⇥ng c✓a bu⌥i l ⇤c t⌥ ch✏c, m c dù các hot ⇤⇥ng chào ⇤ón khác ⇤⌅u din ra trên kh!p Vi"t Nam.

3. L h⇥i b!t ⇤u b⇢ng vi"c treo nh◆ng lá c c# hi"n ⇤i l$n c⌥ xa d⇧c ⇤ng ⇤i ⇤↵n Núi Hùng. D nhìn thy nh◆ng chi↵c bóng bay kh⌥ng l% qu#ng cáo cho l h⇥i vào thi gian này. M⇥t trong nh◆ng cách ngi Vi"t chào ⇤ón ngày l là t⌥ ch✏c m⇥t b◆a ti"c thnh son. Th&c ⇤ n g%m có bánh chng bánh dày, theo truy⌅n thuy↵t ⇤c sáng to b⌘i Vua Lang Liêu, và mâm ng qu#. Go cng là m⇥t thành phn quan tr⇧ng trong b◆a ti"c b⌘i vì các v Vua Hùng là ngi ⇤ã dy cho ngi dân Vi"t Nam bi↵t cách tr%ng lúa.

4. L h⇥i thng bao g%m l rc hoa, diu hành voi, và ⇤oàn kch ⇤⇣ nh công n các thn linh. Ngi Vi"t Nam còn tham gia vào các cu⇥c thi b!n n', ch⇧i gà, và múa r%ng. Ngoài ra còn rt nhi⌅u các hot ⇤⇥ng ca múa hát và nhc thính phòng c⌥ ⇤i⇣n.

5. ⇡⌅n Hùng là m⇥t công trình ki↵n trúc quan tr⇧ng ti Vi"t Nam. Nhi⌅u ngi Vi"t coi ⇤⌅n là n i linh thiêng nht trên ⇤t nc c✓a h⇧. Truy⌅n thuy↵t v⌅ n i xây d&ng ngôi ⇤⌅n có th⇣ ⇤c truy nguyên ti Vua Hùng th✏ Nht, ngi ⇤ã ⇤↵n th⇠m 99 ⇤a ⇤i⇣m khác trc khi ti Núi Ngh⌧a L⌧nh. Khi ông ⇤ t chân ⇤↵n n i ⇤ây, con ng&a c✓a ông ⇤ã hí vang, và ông quy↵t ⇤nh r⇢ng n i ⇤ây là ⇤a ⇤i⇣m l˝ t⌘ng ⇤⇣ xây d&ng th✓ ⇤ô c✓a nc Vi"t Nam.

ENGLISH

1. Hung Kings' Temple Festival

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #13 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: HUNG KINGS' TEMPLE 2 FESTIVAL 2. The Hung Kings' Temple Festival occurs sometime between the eighth and the eleventh days of the third month of the lunar calendar, with the actual holiday itself falling on the tenth. The Vietnamese holiday honors the Hung Kings, who hold an important place in the history of the country. The holiday has been in existence since 2007. The Hung Kings' temple is actually in Phu Tho Province on Nghia Linh Mountain. This is where most of the main ceremonies take place, although there are celebrations held throughout the country.

3. The festival begins with the hanging of both modern and ancient flags along the road to Hung Mountain. It is also very common to see a huge balloon in the sky around this time to advertise the festival. One of the ways the Vietnamese celebrate the holiday is with a lavish feast. Included on the menu are rice dumplings, which were traditionally said to be invented by King Lang Lieu, and five fruits. Rice is also important in the celebration because it was the Hung Kings who actually taught the Vietnamese how to cultivate rice.

4. Festivities also typically include a flower ceremony, elephant march, and a stage procession in honor of various deities. The Vietnamese also take part in crossbow contests, cock fighting, and dragon dancing. There are also numerous singing and classical operatic performances.

5. The Hung Temple is an important piece of architecture in Vietnam. Most Vietnamese consider it to be the most sacred location in their country. The legend about the site of the temple can be traced to Hung Vuong the First, who visited 99 other places before going to Nghia Linh Mountain. Upon his arrival there, his horse whinnied loudly, and he decided that it was the perfect place to set up his capital city.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

thnh son lavish

hí whinny

tr%ng cultivate noun

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #13 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: HUNG KINGS' TEMPLE 3 FESTIVAL bu⌥i l ceremony

l h⇥i festivity noun

⇤oàn procession

thn linh deity

nhc thính phòng operatic

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Rt nhi⇥u ng⇤⌅i thích th⇤⇧ng th⌃c m⌥t Con ng⇣a hí ph⌘n ✓i vi c b⌦ kéo i.

ba ti c th⌦nh so↵n k ni m các ngày "The horse whinnied in protest of being l✏. rounded up." "Many people enjoy a lavish feast to celebrate the holidays."

Ngày nay chúng ta ã gieo tr◆ng rt Bui l✏ thành hôn ⌫y tràn nhng phút nhi⇥u lo↵i cây tr◆ng khác nhau trên th giây h↵nh phúc cho cô dâu và chú r.

gii. "Wedding ceremonies are full of happy "Today we cultivate many different kinds of moments for the bride and groom." crops all over the world."

L✏ h⌥i bao g◆m m⌥t ba ti c ln và khiêu Nhà vua d⇡n theo oàn tu⇢ tùng t lâu v⇠. ài.

"The festivities included a large banquet "The king led the procession from the and dancing." castle."

Trong su✓t di✏n bin l⌦ch s⌧, loài ng⇤⌅i Lo↵i nh↵c thính phòng không ph⌘i ai ã tôn th⌅ rt nhi⇥u th⌫n linh khác nhau. c⇠ng nghe ⇤c.

"Throughout history, people have "Operatic styles of music are certainly not worshiped many different deities." for everyone."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #13 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: HUNG KINGS' TEMPLE 4 FESTIVAL Did you Know?

Truyn thuy⇥t Vua Hùng có th⇤ ⌅⇧⌃c truy g⌥c ti L c Long Quân, tên c⌦a ông có ngh↵a là "Vua Rng c⌦a n⇧c L c". Theo truyn k⇤, ông có sc m nh phi th⇧✏ng. M⇣t v⌘ vua n⇧c láng ging ⌅ã quy⇥t ⌅⌘nh g✓ con gái cho L c Long Quân. Bà mang thai, và cu⌥i cùng sinh h m⇣t b◆c hàng trm trng, tt c✓ ⌅u n thành con. Nh⌫ng ng⇧✏i con này ⌅⇧⌃c cho là t⇠ tiên c⌦a ng⇧✏i Vit Nam, và h◆ tin r⇡ng mình là con cháu c⌦a rng và tiên. Ng⇧✏i con trai c✓ trong s⌥ ⌅ó tr thành Vua Hùng th Nht, v⌘ vua ⌅⇢u tiên trong s⌥ 18 v⌘ vua c⌦a Triu ⌅ i Hùng V⇧ng.

The legend of the Hung Kings can be traced to Lac Long Quan, whose name translates to King Dragon from Lac. According to the story, he had superhuman strength. A nearby king decided to marry his daughter to Lac Long Quan. She became pregnant, but she ended up giving birth to a huge sac with more than a hundred eggs inside of it, all of which hatched into babies. All of those babies are believed to be the ancestors of the Vietnamese, who consider themselves to be the descendants of a dragon and a fairy. The oldest son of those babies ended up being King Hung I, the first of eighteen kings in the Hung dynasty.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #13 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: HUNG KINGS' TEMPLE 5 FESTIVAL LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #14 Top 10 Vietnamese Holidays and Festivals: Thanh Minh

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 14

1. Tt Thanh Minh

2. Tt Thanh Minh, hay Ngày Ving M⇥ Gia Tiên, ⇤⌅⇧c t⌃ ch⌥c hàng nm t i Vi⌦t Nam. Ng⌅↵i Vi⌦t t⌅ng nh ⇤n t⌃ tiên ca h✏ vào ngày này, di⇣n ra vào ngày mùng 5 tháng 3 âm l⌘ch. Theo l⌘ch ph⌅✓ng Tây, ngày này t⌅✓ng ⌥ng vi m⇥t ngày cu◆i tháng 3 hoc ⇤u tháng 4. Ng⌅↵i Vi⌦t Nam nhân d⌘p Tt Thanh Minh ⇤ ⇤i ving m⇥ ca gia ⇤ình và ng⌅↵i thân ⇤ã khu⌫t, s⇠a sang ngôi m⇥ cho s ch s⇡ và dâng ⇤⇢ hin t, thông th⌅↵ng là th⌥c n và hoa. H✏ cng ⇤◆t h⌅✓ng ⇤ t⌅ng nh ⇤n t⌃ tiên.

3. Trong ting Anh, Tt Thanh Minh có nhi⌧u tên g✏i, nh⌅ Ancestors Day (Ngày Cúng T⌃ Tiên), Festival for Tending Graves (L⇣ To M⇥), Pure Brightness Festival (L⇣ Thanh Minh), Tomb Sweeping Day (Ngày Lau D✏n M⇥). Ngày l⇣ này có ngu⇢n g◆c t vn hoá Trung Qu◆c và ⇤⌅⇧c g✏i vi cái tên Qingming Festival (Tt Thanh Minh).

4. Trong vn hoá Vi⌦t Nam, ng⌅↵i ta tin rng m⇥t ng⌅↵i v n t⇢n t i sau cái cht d⌅i d ng các linh h⇢n. Th↵ cúng t⌃ tiên là m⇥t phn r⌫t quan tr✏ng trong vn hoá Vi⌦t Nam, và hu ht m✏i ng⌅↵i Vi⌦t ⇤⌧u có ⇤t bàn th↵ t⌃ tiên trong nhà ca h✏. Ng⌅↵i Vi⌦t x⌅a không t⌃ ch⌥c sinh nh!t cho ⇤n khi h✏ ch⌘u nh h⌅ng nhi⌧u t vn hoá ph⌅✓ng Tây. Thay vào ⇤ó, h✏ t⌅ng nh ngày cht ca gia ⇤ình và ng⌅↵i thân. H✏ th⌅↵ng t⌃ ch⌥c c" vào nh#ng ngày này và dâng m⇥t mâm lên bàn th↵ t⌃ tiên ⇤ hin t. Thông th⌅↵ng, m⇥t bàn th↵ có nh và tên ca ng⌅↵i t⌃ tiên mà h✏ ⇤ang t⌅ng nh ⇤n. Khi ng⌅↵i Vi⌦t cn s$ d n d%t trong các quyt ⇤⌘nh quan tr✏ng, h✏ th⌅↵ng dâng hin th⌥c n ⇤n t⌃ tiên ca mình và cu s$ ch& d n.

ENGLISH

1. Thanh Minh

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #14 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: THANH MINH 2 2. Thanh Minh, or the Day of the Dead, occurs annually in Vietnam. The Vietnamese honor their ancestors on this holiday, which falls on the fifth day of the third lunar month. According to the Gregorian calendar, the holiday falls sometime in late March or early April. The Vietnamese use this holiday to visit the graves of their deceased family members, taking the time to clean them and lay out offerings in the form of food and flowers. They also burn incense in honor of their ancestors.

3. In English, the holiday goes by a number of different names, including Ancestors' Day, the Festival for Tending Graves, Pure Brightness Festival, and Tomb Sweeping Day. The holiday has its origin in Chinese culture, where it is known as the Qingming Festival.

4. In Vietnamese culture, it is believed that people continue to live on in soul form even after their death. Ancestor veneration is a major part of Vietnamese culture, and most Vietnamese have an altar to their ancestors in their house. The Vietnamese did not traditionally celebrate birthdays until they were influenced heavily by Western culture. Instead, they remembered the death anniversaries of their family members. It is common to hold banquets on these days and offer up food on the ancestors' altar in the home. Usually the altar holds photos and name plates of the specific ancestors they are honoring. Whenever the Vietnamese need guidance in an important decision, they often offer a food sacrifice to their ancestors and ask for help making the decision.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

t⌃ tiên ancestor

hàng nm annually

h⌅✓ng incense noun

⇤ã khu⌫t decease

hin t offering

th↵ cúng veneration

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #14 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: THANH MINH 3 dâng hin sacrifice

d n d%t guidance

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Tt c⇥ chúng ta ⇤⌅u nên tìm hi⇧u ngu⌃n Vic ⇤ánh giá mc tiêu cu↵c s⌥ng ca g⌥c t tiên mình b i vì ⇤i⌅u ⇤ó cho ta bi⌦t b✏n m⇣i n⌘m là rt quan tr✓ng.

m↵t vài thông tin v⌅ b⇥n thân chúng ta. "It is important to review your life goals "We should all learn where our ancestors annually." came from because that does say something about us."

◆⌥t hng là m↵t phn ca phong tc th⌫ Nhi⌅u ng⌫i cho r⇡ng nh⇢ng ng⌫i ⇤ã cúng, nhng ngày nay nhi⌅u ng⌫i làm khut vn s⌥ng v⌧i chúng ta theo m↵t th⌦ ch⇠ ⇤⇧ c⌘n nhà ca h✓ có mùi thm ngha nào ⇤ó.

hn. "Many people think that the deceased are "Burning incense was traditionally part of still with us in some way." worship, but today some people do it just to make their home smell nice."

Hu h⌦t các nhà th⌫ ⇤⌅u nhn ⇤⌃ hi⌦n t⌦ Ng⌫i Thiên chúa giáo tin r⇡ng chúng ta hàng tun ⇤⇧ h⇣ tr kinh phí ho✏t ⇤↵ng cn ph⇥i th⌫ cúng các bc thánh.

ca h✓. "Catholics believe in the veneration of "Most churches take up weekly offerings to saints." support the operation of the church."

◆ôi khi chúng ta cn ph⇥i dâng hi⌦n S dn d!t ca m↵t ng⌫i thy s" rt h⇢u nh⇢ng gì ta mu⌥n ⇤⇧ ta có ⇤c nh⇢ng gì ích v⌧i chúng ta.

ta cn. "Seeking guidance from a mentor can be "Sometimes it is necessary to sacrifice very helpful." something we want so that we can have what we need."

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #14 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: THANH MINH 4 CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you Know?

Vì ngun g⇥c c⇤a T⌅t Thanh Minh có t⇧ Trung Qu⇥c, chúng ta nên tham kh⌃o truy⌥n thuy⌅t c⇤a h. M t trong nh⌦ng truy↵n thng ✏c k⇣ là s⌘ tích T⌅t Hàn th⌘c, ngh✓a là Ngày T⌅t ch◆ n n lnh. Ngày này ✏c t⌫ ch⇠c ⇣ t⇡ng nh⇢ Gi⇢i T Thôi, ngi ã ch⌅t vào thi Xuân Thu nm 639 Tr⇢c Công Nguyên. Gi⇢i T Thôi là mu s✓ c⇤a T⌧n Vn Công, và ã n⌧u cho T⌧n Vn Công m t bát cháo khi ông ang trên ng lánh nn và không còn lng th⌘c. Gi⇢i T Thôi ã dùng m t mi⌅ng tht ùi mình ⇣ n⌧u cháo, và T⌧n Vn Công vô cùng c⌃m kích ông vì hành ng ó. Sau khi lên ngôi vua, T⌧n Vn Công ã i tìm Gi⇢i T Thôi và ✏c bi⌅t ông ang s⇥ng trong m t khu r⇧ng. ⇣ bt ông ra kh i khu r⇧ng, T⌧n Vn Công ã cho lính ⇥t r⇧ng, nhng áng ti⌅c là Gi⇢i T Thôi ã b ch⌅t trong ó.

Since the origin of the Tet Thanh Minh festival comes from China, it helps to look at origin stories from there. One of the most commonly told stories relates to Hanshi Day, which translates as "Day with Cold Food Only." That day was celebrated in honor of Jie Zitui, who died during the spring or autumn of 639 BC. Jie was a follower of Duke Wen, and Jie made Wen some soup while he was exiled because he had no food. Jie used a piece of his own thigh to make the soup, and Wen wanted to thank him for that. Eventually, after becoming a duke, Wen sought out Jie and learned that he was living in the forest. In order to get him to come out of the forest, Wen had soldiers light it on fire, but unfortunately Jie died in the fire.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #14 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: THANH MINH 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #15 Top 10 Vietnamese Holidays and Festivals: August Revolution Commemoration Day

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 15

1. Ngày Cách mng tháng Tám

2. Ngày Cách mng tháng Tám là m⇥t ngày l⇤ ti Vi⌅t Nam ⇧⌃ t⌥ng nh Cách mng tháng Tám, x⌦y ra vào tháng 8 n↵m 1945. Cu⇥c khi ngha này là m⇥t phn trong cu⇥c ⇧u tranh vì ⇧⇥c l✏p t⇣ do c⌘a Vi⌅t Nam sau khi Nh✏t B⌦n thua tr✏n vào n↵m cu✓i c⌘a Chi◆n tranh Th◆ gi i th Hai. Ngày l⇤ ⇧⌥c t chc vào ngày 19 tháng 8 hàng n↵m. ⌫ây không ph⌦i là m⇥t ngày l⇤ qu✓c gia c⌘a Vi⌅t Nam, ngha là không ph⌦i m⇠i ng⌥⇡i lao ⇧⇥ng ⇧⇢u ⇧⌥c ngh vào ngày này.

3. Cách mng tháng Tám ⇧⌥c lãnh ⇧o bi H⌧ Chí Minh và Vi⌅t Minh. Cu⇥c cách mng bao g⌧m các cu⇥c bi⌃u tình ch✓ng li chính quy⇢n th⇣c dân Pháp. Nh✏t B⌦n ⇧ã chi◆m ⇧óng Vi⌅t Nam trong Chi◆n tranh Th◆ gi i th Hai và cm tù các nhà lãnh ⇧o Pháp ti Vi⌅t Nam trong cu⇥c chi◆n. Khi Nh✏t B⌦n ⇧u hàng trong Chi◆n tranh Th◆ gi i th Hai, các quan chc c⌘a h⇠ ⇧ã bàn giao nhng toà nhà chính ph⌘ cho nhng ng⌥⇡i theo ch⌘ ngha dân t⇥c Vi⌅t Nam, giúp h⇠ giành li quy⇢n ki⌃m soát ⇧t n⌥ c. Cách mng tháng Tám là l⇡i ⇧áp tr⌦ c⌘a ng⌥⇡i Vi⌅t Nam t i Pháp, lúc ⇧ó ⇧ang tìm cách khôi phc quy⇢n ki⌃m soát c⌘a h⇠ ti qu✓c gia này.

4. H⌧ Chí Minh ⇧ã công b✓ n⇢n ⇧⇥c l✏p c⌘a Vi⌅t Nam v i Pháp vào ngày 2 tháng 9 n↵m 1945, và quan h⌅ gia ng⌥⇡i Vi⌅t và th⇣c dân Pháp ngày càng xu ⇧i, dn ⇧◆n cu⇥c Chi◆n tranh ⌫ông D⌥ ng ln th Nht. M!c dù Vi⌅t Nam ⇧ã tuyên b✓ n⇢n ⇧⇥c l✏p c⌘a mình vào ngày ⇧ó, cu⇥c ⇧u tranh giành ⇧⇥c l✏p c⌘a h⇠ ph⌦i kéo dài ⇧◆n nhi⇢u th✏p k" sau.

5. Rt nhi⇢u ng⌥⇡i ⇧ã ⇧!t câu h#i v⇢ vi⌅c li⌅u Cách mng tháng Tám có th✏t s⇣ là m⇥t cu⇥c cách mng không, bi tt c⌦ nhng thay ⇧i l n x⌦y ra t$ các cu⇥c bi⌃u tình ch ⇧⌥c th⇣c hi⌅n sau ⇧ó rt lâu. Cu⇥c cách mng ban ⇧u ch là bi⌃u tình ch✓ng Pháp. Cu⇥c ⇧u tranh sau ⇧ó m i th⇣c s⇣ x⌦y ra trong Chi◆n tranh ⌫ông D⌥ ng ln th Nht.

ENGLISH

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #15 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: AUGUST REVOLUTION 2 COMMEMORATION DAY 1. August Revolution Commemoration Day

2. August Revolution Commemoration Day is a Vietnamese holiday held in remembrance of the August Revolution, which happened in August of 1945. The uprising was part of Vietnam's fight for freedom after Japan was beaten back at the end of World War II. The holiday falls on August nineteenth every year. It is not a public holiday in Vietnam, which means that not all workers automatically get the day off.

3. The August Revolution was led by Ho Chi Minh and the Viet Minh. The revolution consisted of demonstrations against colonial rule by the French. The Japanese had taken over Vietnam during World War II and imprisoned French leaders in Vietnam during the war. When Japan lost in World War II, their officials gave public buildings over to Vietnamese nationalists, allowing them to gain control of the country. The August Revolution was the Vietnamese response to the French, who were trying to regain control of the country once again.

4. Ho Chi Minh declared the nation's independence from France on September 2, 1945, and relations between the Vietnamese and French colonialists continued to deteriorate, leading to the First Indochina War. Although Vietnam declared itself to be an independent country on that date, the country's battle for independence stretched on for decades after.

5. Many people question whether the August Revolution was even a revolution at all since all of the major changes that came about as a result of those demonstrations actually happened much later. The day itself mostly involved demonstrations against the French. The fighting came later as part of the First Indochina War.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English

t⌥ng ni⌅m remembrance

khi ngha uprising

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #15 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: AUGUST REVOLUTION 3 COMMEMORATION DAY cách mng revolution

th⇣c dân colonial

thay stead

ch⌘ ngha dân t⇥c nationalist

cm tù imprison

xu ⇧i deteriorate

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Chúng ta cn ph⇥i ⇤ánh d⌅u t⇧⌃ng ni⌥m Các bi⌥n pháp ⇤àn áp cuc kh⌃i ngha mt s s⌦ ki⌥n nh⌅t ⇤↵nh trong l↵ch s. ca chính quy✏n ⇤ã b↵ th⌅t b⇣i.

"It is important that we mark certain events "The government's best efforts to quell the in history with some sort of remembrance." uprising were thwarted."

Cách m⇣ng là th⌘i ⇤i✓m ca nh◆ng s⌦ Vào th⌘i th⌦c dân, các qu c gia th⇧⌘ng thay ⇤i ln. c nh◆ng nhà thám hi✓m ⇤i tìm kim

vùng ⇤⌅t tr ng, n⌫i ng⇧⌘i dân ca h⇠ có "A revolution is a time of major change." th✓ ⇤n ⇤↵nh c⇧.

"In colonial times, it was very common for nations to send out explorers to seek empty lands where their people could settle."

Ng⇧⌘i ⇤àn ông cu xin vi ⇤ao ph hãy Nh◆ng ng⇧⌘i theo ch ngha dân tc x t ông thay cho con trai. th⇧⌘ng ⇤óng vai trò r⌅t quan tr⇠ng trong

cuc ⇤⌅u tranh giành ⇤c l⇡p ca m⇠i "The man pleaded with the executioner to qu c gia. take him in his son's stead." "Nationalists play an important role in any country's fight for independence."

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #15 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: AUGUST REVOLUTION 4 COMMEMORATION DAY Trong th⌘i gian b↵ cm tù, ông không ⇢n Theo th⌘i gian, tình tr⇣ng ca cô ⌅y ngày gì ngoài bánh m và n⇧c. càng x⌅u ⇤i.

"While he was imprisoned, he ate nothing "As time went on, her condition continued but bread and water." to deteriorate."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you Know?

H Chí Minh v⇥n ⇤⌅⇧c tôn vinh và kính tr⌃ng ⌥ Vit Nam ngày nay, m c dù h⌦u h↵t nhng nguyên tc chính tr c✏a ông ⇤ã b xóa b⇣ vào th⌘p niên 1980. Ng⌅✓i Vit Nam g⌃i ông là "Bác H," và ◆nh c✏a ông ⇤⌅⇧c in trên t✓ Vit Nam ⇤ng. Rt nhiu toà nhà chính ph✏ ti Vit Nam treo ◆nh ông. Chính ph✏ Vit Nam ⇤ã có nhiu bin pháp ⇤⌫ ng⇠n ch n m⌃i thông tin tiêu c⇡c v H Chí Minh, nh⌅ vic cm l⌅u hành m⇢t quy⌫n sách xut b◆n n⇠m 2000 có cha nhiu chi ti↵t v ⇤✓i s⌧ng tình c◆m c✏a ông. Ông không s⌧ng ⇤⇢c thân, và bt c thông tin gì v ph⌦n này c✏a cu⇢c ⇤✓i ông ⇤u b cm ti Vit Nam.

Ho Chi Minh is still venerated and held in high regard by the Vietnamese today, although most of his political principles were abandoned in the 1980s. Many Vietnamese refer to him as "Uncle Ho," and his picture is on Vietnamese currency. Numerous public buildings in the country display his image. The government has worked to suppress anything that might give Ho Chi Minh a bad name, like a book that was published in 2000 that included a lot of information about his romantic relationships. He did not practice celibacy, and anything that speaks of this part of his life has been banned in Vietnam.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #15 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: AUGUST REVOLUTION 5 COMMEMORATION DAY LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #16 Top 10 Vietnamese Holidays and Festivals: Whale Festival

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 16

1. L h⇥i Cá Voi

2. L h⇥i Cá Voi t⇤i Vi⌅t Nam, còn ⇧⌃⌥c gi là L ng Cá Ông, ⇧⌃⌥c t⌦ ch↵c hàng n m trong hàng tr m n m nay, là m⇥t trong nhng l h⇥i sông n⌃c ln nht t⇤i qu✏c gia này. Nhng ng⌃⇣i ng⌃ dân t⇤i ⌘à N✓ng tin r◆ng h cn phi t lòng tôn kính Thn Cá Voi (⇧⌃⌥c gi là "Cá Ông") ⇧⌫ bn làng c⇠a h có ⇧⌃⌥c s⇡ an toàn và giàu sang.

3. M⇥t bu⌦i l ln ⇧⌃⌥c din ra hàng n m trong hai ngày t⇤i ⌘à N✓ng vào gia tháng 3 âm l⇢ch. Ng⌃⇣i Vi⌅t Nam chào mng l h⇥i sông n⌃c này b◆ng cách trang trí L ng Ông và nhi⌧u ni khác trong thành ph✏. Vào ngày ⇧u tiên c⇠a l h⇥i, các c cao niên s dâng h⌃ng cu nguy⌅n hoà bình t⇤i l ng. Các ho⇤t ⇧⇥ng khác c⇠a bu⌦i l bao g m dâng l v!t, trong ⇧ó không ⇧⌃⌥c có ⇧ hi sn. M⇥t din gi s có trách nhi⌅m ⇧c v n t" cá Ông cho bu⌦i l. Phn ln nht c⇠a l h⇥i là nghi th↵c r⌃c sông c⇠a nhng thuy⌧n chài, ⇧⌃⌥c t⌦ ch↵c m⇥t ngày sau l h⇥i. Ngoài ra còn có l dâng h⌃ng c⇠a các em nh và dàn nh⇤c bi⌫u din nh⇤c thính phòng c⌦ ⇧i⌫n Vi⌅t Nam.

4. L h⇥i Cá Voi là m⇥t thành phn quan trng trong tc l⌅ th⇣ cá voi c⇠a Vi⌅t Nam, coi loài ⇧⇥ng v!t có vú này nh⌃ m⇥t v⇢ thn phi ⇧⌃⌥c th⇣ phng. Cá voi rt hay b⇢ d⇤t vào b⇣ bi⌫n Vi⌅t Nam. Khi chuy⌅n này xy ra, ng⌃⇣i Vi⌅t s ⇧"n t kh#p ni trên ⇧t n⌃c ⇧⌫ th⇣ phng thn xác c⇠a cá voi. H dâng h⌃ng cu nguy⌅n cho cá và s$ dng x⌃ng c⇠a cá voi ⇧⌫ d⇡ng l ng.

5. Tri dài trên ⇧t n⌃c Vi⌅t Nam, các du khách có th⌫ tìm thy các ngôi chùa và ⇧i⌅n th⇣ Cá Ông. Ngoài l h⇥i Cá Voi c⇠a ⌘à N✓ng, thành ph✏ V%ng Tàu c%ng t⌦ ch↵c l h⇥i hàng n m cúng Cá Ông. L h⇥i này th⌃⇣ng din ra vào tháng 8 âm l⇢ch.

ENGLISH

1. Whale Festival

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #16 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: WHALE FESTIVAL 2 2. Vietnam's Whale Festival, also known as Lang Ca Ong, has been going on annually for centuries, and it is one of the largest water festivals in the country. Fishermen in Da Nang believe that they should pay their respects to the whale god so that their village will be kept safe and prosperous.

3. An elaborate ceremony takes place in Da Nang every year for two days in the middle of the third month of the lunar calendar. The Vietnamese celebrate this water festival by decorating the Whale Temple and many other parts of the city. On the first night of the festival, the elderly offer a prayer for peace at the temple. Other parts of the celebration include offerings of all kinds of food except seafood. Meanwhile, an orator recites important sayings in a ceremony. The biggest part of the celebration includes a maritime procession of fishing boats, which starts on the day after the festival. School children also burn incense, and an orchestra plays classical Vietnamese opera music.

4. The Whale Festival is a major component of the country's whale cult, which regards the large mammal as a god that is to be worshiped. It is very common for whales to wash up on the beaches of Vietnam. When this occurs, Vietnamese come from all over the country to worship the carcass of the whale. They also offer up incense and use the whale's bones to build a temple.

5. Throughout Vietnam, visitors can see pagodas and temples to the whale god. In addition to Da Nang's large Whale Festival, the city of Vung Tau has its own annual festival in honor of the whale god. This festival falls during the eighth month of the lunar calendar.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

giàu sang prosperous

thân carcass noun

thành phn component

din gi orator

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #16 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: WHALE FESTIVAL 3 l v!t offering

⇧c recite verb

dàn nh⇤c orchestra

r⌃c sông fluvial

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Các quc gia giàu sang th⇥⇤ng c⌅ng r⇧t Sau b⌃a ⌥n, m d n s⌦ch thân con gà tham lam. tây.

"The more prosperous nations are also "After dinner, mom cleaned the carcass of often full of greed." the turkey off."

M↵t máy tính bao gm r⇧t nhiu thành Ng⇥⇤i di✏n gi⇣ ê a sut c⇣ ti⌘ng ✓ng h, phn. làm cho khán gi⇣ ng◆ h⌘t.

"There are many components to a "The orator droned on for what seemed computer." like hours, putting the guests to sleep."

Ng⇥⇤i Israel th⇥⇤ng ho⇣ thiêu l✏ vt ✓ t⌘ M↵t s ✓⇠a tr⇡ ✓⇥c h c cách ✓ c các Th⇥ng ⌫⌘. câu v⌥n trong Kinh Thánh.

"The Israelite people sacrificed burnt "Some children learn to recite Bible offerings to God." verses."

Dàn nh⌦c ch⇢i m↵t b⇣n nh⌦c tuyt v⇤i Nghi th⇠c r⇥c sông ✓i d c theo ✓⇥⇤ng to⇣ ✓i kh⌧p chn. sông hoc sui.

"The orchestra played beautiful music that "A fluvial procession follows a river or wafted over the landscape." stream."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you Know?

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #16 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: WHALE FESTIVAL 4

Có rt nhi⇥u câu chuy⇤n k⌅ v⇥ T⇧c th⌃ Cá Voi t⌥i Vi⇤t Nam. T⇧c l⇤ này ⌦c cho là có ngu↵n gc t ng ⌃i Chm và ng ⌃i Khmer, có l✏ch s⇣ t tr ⌘c tt c✓ nh◆ng tôn giáo khác t⌥i quc gia này. Tín ng ng vt linh rt ph bi⌫n t⌥i Vi⇤t Nam, nên chuy⇤n ng ⌃i Vi⇤t tin r⇠ng cá voi là m⇡t v✏ th⇢n linh áng ⌦c tôn th⌃ cng không ph✓i là l⌥. T⇧c th⌃ Cá Voi th ⌃ng h ⌘ng v⇥ Cá Ông, m⇡t linh h↵n ⌦c tin r⇠ng có th⌅ làm bi⌅n êm gió l⌧ng và a ng ⌃i dân chài l⌥c li tr v⇥ t li⇥n an toàn. Rt nhi⇥u ng ⌃i tham d các bui tang l cho cá voi trôi d⌥t vào b⌃, m⌧c dù nh◆ng ho⌥t ⇡ng này b✏ coi là "mê tín d✏ oan" và không ⌦c pháp lut Vi⇤t Nam cho phép.

There are many stories surrounding the cult of the whale in Vietnam. It is believed to have been part of the Cham and Khmer peoples' culture, which places it historically before all other established religions in the country. Animist beliefs are extremely strong in Vietnam, so it makes sense that the people there would see the whale as something worth worshipping. The cult of the whale focuses on the whale god, a spirit that is believed to calm the sea and bring lost sailors or ships into port safely. Many people attend funerals for whales that wash up on the coast of the country, although "superstition" is technically against the law in Vietnam.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #16 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: WHALE FESTIVAL 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #17 Top 10 Vietnamese Holidays and Festivals: Tet Trung Thu

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 17

1. Tt Trung Thu

2. Tt Trung Thu là l⇥ h⇤i ng⌅m tr⇧ng mùa thu t⌃i Vi⌥t Nam. Ngày l⇥ th ng r⌦i vào tháng 8 ho↵c 9 hàng n⇧m, vào ngày tr⇧ng rm. Ngày chính xác di⇥n ra l⇥ h⇤i c tính theo âm l✏ch, vào ngày 15 tháng 8 l✏ch âm. Nhi⇣u ng i Vi⌥t Nam coi l⇥ h⇤i này là ngày l⇥ c⌘a thiu nhi. Tr✓ em th ng c nh◆n  ch⌦i và bánh ko. Hai món quà ph bin nh⌫t c t↵ng vào ngày này là m↵t n⌃ và các lo⌃i èn. Tr✓ em th ng l◆p thành ám r⇠c trong các khu ph⇡, mang theo èn lng và i di⇥u hành d⇠i tr⇧ng.

3. Ng i Vi⌥t chào ón Tt Trung Thu bng vi⌥c ⇧n Bánh Trung Thu, m↵c dù Bánh Trung Thu c⌘a h⇢ có hình vuông, không phi hình tròn nh Bánh Trung Thu Trung Qu⇡c. M⇤t ph⌧n khác c⌘a l⇥ h⇤i chào mng Trung Thu là múa lân, c thc hi⌥n bi các em nh và oàn múa lân chuyên nghi⌥p. Múa lân c t ch!c trên ng ph⇡, và nh"ng ng i thc hi⌥n múa lân t⇠i th⇧m nh"ng c⇧n nhà g⌧n ó # xin c phép bi#u di⇥n. Nu gia ch⌘ cho phép, bài múa lân s$ mang l⌃i may m⌅n t⇠i gia ình h⇢. Nh"ng ng i ng ˝ cho bui bi#u di⇥n còn t↵ng oàn múa lân m⇤t món quà bng ti⇣n # cm ⌦n màn trình di⇥n và # c⌧u may.

4. Múa lân là m⇤t i⌥u múa c truy⇣n trong v⇧n hoá ph⌦ng %ông, i⌥u múa lân b⌅t ch⇠c chuy#n ⇤ng và ph&c trang c⌘a con lân. M⇤t s⇡ ng i nh⌧m l'n múa lân v⇠i múa rng, nhng r⌫t d⇥ # phân bi⌥t chúng ch( bng cách nhìn vào lo⌃i ph&c trang c s) d&ng. M⇤t ph&c trang múa lân ch( c⌧n có hai ng i, trong khi ph&c trang rng c⌧n r⌫t nhi⇣u ng i.

ENGLISH

1. Tet Trung Thu

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #17 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: TET TRUNG THU 2 2. Tet Trung Thu is the mid-autumn moon festival in Vietnam. The holiday falls sometime in August or September every year, depending on when there is a full moon. The precise day it falls on is determined by the lunar calendar, according to which it falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month. Many Vietnamese view this festival as the children's holiday. Children often receive gifts of toys and sweets. The two most popular kinds of toys given on this holiday are masks and anything with lights. Children also generally hold a light procession in small neighborhoods, carrying lanterns as they parade down the streets at night.

3. The Vietnamese celebrate the holiday by eating Mooncakes, although their Mooncakes are square, unlike the Chinese Mooncakes, which are round. Another big part of the celebration of this holiday is the lion dances, which are done by children and also professionally trained dance groups. Lion dances are done on the streets, and the participants go to various houses to ask if they may perform for them. On occasions when the person allows them to perform, the lion dance is meant to bring good luck to the home. The person who agreed to let them perform also gives them a monetary gift in thanks for the dance and the good luck.

4. Lion dances are a traditional type of dance in Eastern cultures that involve mimicking a lion's movements while wearing the costume of a lion. Some people confuse lion dances with dragon dances, but it is easy to tell the difference between the two by looking at the costume being used. A lion costume requires only two people, but a dragon costume requires many people.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English

chính xác precise

ám r⇠c procession

èn lng lantern

b⌅t ch⇠c mimic

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #17 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: TET TRUNG THU 3 ph&c trang costume

ti⇣n monetary

Âm lunar

chuyên nghi⌥p professionally

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Lp trình máy tính c⇥n nh⇤ng ⌅o⇧n mã ⌃ám r⌥c là ho⇧t ⌅ ng ⌅ám c⌥i ⌅⌥⌦c tht chính xác. m↵i ng⌥i nh nhiu nht.

"Computer programming requires very "The procession is the part of the wedding precise coding." most people remember the best."

⌃èn l✏ng là m t cách ⌅ c ⌅áo ⌅⇣ chi⌘u Ng⌥i khác s✓ rt khó ch◆u n⌘u b⇧n luôn sáng v⌥n nhà b⇧n. bt ch⌥c h↵.

"A lantern is a unique way to create light in "Others will probably get annoyed if you your backyard." are constantly mimicking them."

Tr em rt thích mc ph⌫c trang ngày l⇠ Sinh viên h↵c ⌅⇧i h↵c rt thích ⌅⌥⌦c tng Halloween ⌅⇣ chúng có th⇣ ch⇡i trò cho tin.

k⇢o hay b◆ gh⇢o. "Monetary gifts are especially welcome to "Children love to wear costumes for students going off to college." Halloween so that they can go trick or treating."

Âm l◆ch có m t vài ⌅i⇣m khác bit so vi Nh⇤ng ng⌥i mà b⇧n quen bi⌘t trong môi D⌥⇡ng l◆ch (L◆ch ph⌥⇡ng Tây). tr⌥ng chuyên nghip thông th⌥ng s✓

không dành nhiu thi gian r⌧nh ri ⌅⇣ "Lunar calendars are slightly different than giao l⌥u vi b⇧n. the Gregorian calendar." "The people you know professionally are not generally going to be people you spend your spare time with."

CULTURAL INSIGHT VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #17 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: TET TRUNG THU 4 Did you Know?

Tt Trung Thu t⇥i Vi⇤t Nam có ngu⌅n g⇧c t⌃ truy⇤n chú Cu⌥i. V chú i ti⌦u lên cây a th↵n, không bit rng cây a ó rt linh thiêng. Sau khi làm ô u cây, cô ang ng⌅i trên cành cây ngm c✏nh thì cây a b⇣ng nhiên m⌘c cao lên n t✓n m◆t trng. Cu⇧i cùng cô ã b mc trên m◆t trng. L⌫ h⌥i gi⇠a thu này là th⇡i gian tr⇢ em i di⌫u hành ⇡ng ph⇧ và thp èn l⌅ng ⌦ giúp cô y tìm c ⇡ng v⌧ nhà. Ngoài câu chuy⇤n cây a này ra, ng⇡i Vi⇤t còn gán ˝ ngha ca ngày l⌫ ti truy⌧n thuyt v⌧ Ch Hng và m⌥t câu chuy⇤n v⌧ con cá chép mu⇧n hoá thành r⌅ng.

The Tet Trung Thu holiday in Vietnam can be traced to the story of Cuoi. His wife urinated on a banyan tree that happened to be sacred, not knowing that it was sacred. After the desecrated that tree, she was sitting on one of its branches when it started to grow until the top was all the way up in the moon. She became stuck on the moon. The mid-autumn festival is the time when children parade in the streets and light some lanterns in hopes of helping her find her way back home. In addition to the story about the tree, Vietnamese also link the holiday to the legend of the Moon Lady and also a story about a fish that wanted to turn into a dragon.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #17 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: TET TRUNG THU 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #18 Top 10 Vietnamese Holidays and Festivals: Tet Trung Nguyen

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 18

1. Tt Trung Nguyên

2. Tt Trung Nguyên, hay còn g⇥i là L⇤ Vong H⌅n (Xá t⇧i vong nhân) là m⇧t ngày l⇤ t⌃i Vi⌥t Nam nhm xá t⇧i cho các linh h⌅n b x⌦ l↵u ày xung a ngc. Ngày l⇤ này ↵✏c t⇣ ch⌘c vào ngày 15 tháng 7 âm l ch, t↵✓ng ⌘ng v◆i n⌦a cui tháng 8 hoc n⌦a u tháng 9 l ch d↵✓ng. Vào ngày l⇤ này, ng↵i Vi⌥t Nam cu nguy⌥n các thn linh phù h⇧ cho linh h⌅n c⌫a nh⇠ng ng↵i t⇣ tiên ã quá c ↵✏c sng yên bình. H⇥ c⇡ng cu cho nh⇠ng cáo tr⌃ng vô c⇢n c⌘ v ng↵i cht b tan rã ⌧ linh h⌅n h⇥ có th⌧ siêu thoát khi a ngc.

3. Theo tín ng↵ng v cái cht c⌫a ng↵i Vi⌥t Nam, khi m⇧t ng↵i nào ó cht i, linh h⌅n c⌫a h⇥ s b Diêm V↵✓ng xét x⌦ và phán quyt s quyt nh h⇥ b ày xung a ngc hoc siêu thoát lên tri. Tt Trung Nguyên là ngày mà t t c! m⇥i linh h⌅n b giam " a ngc ↵✏c gi!i phóng lên D↵✓ng gian vào ban êm. Ng↵i Vi⌥t tin rng nh⇠ng linh h⌅n ó s tìm n nhân thân còn sng c⌫a h⇥ ⌧ kim cái ⇢n. Nu h⇥ không còn ng↵i thân nào trên D↵✓ng th, h⇥ s i lang thang tìm kim th⌘c ⇢n và tình th↵✓ng. Ng↵i Vi⌥t Nam t↵"ng nh◆ nh⇠ng ng↵i thân ã quá c c⌫a h⇥ bng cách bày l⇤ cúng g⌅m toàn nh⇠ng món ⇢n c s!n c⌫a a ph↵✓ng và cu nguy⌥n cho nh⇠ng ng↵i ã cht.

4. Mc dù ngày l⇤ này có ngu⌅n gc t# Ph$t giáo nh↵ng nó v%n ↵✏c toàn b⇧ ng↵i dân Vi⌥t Nam t⇣ ch⌘c cúng bái, nên ây là m⇧t trong nh⇠ng ngày l⇤ ph⇣ bin nh t t⌃i Vi⌥t Nam. Ngày l⇤ ↵✏c t⇣ ch⌘c cùng v◆i Ngày c⌫a M& t⌃i Vi⌥t Nam. Theo truyn thng, nh⇠ng ng↵i v%n còn m& s t⇣ ch⌘c l⇤ t⌃ ✓n n m& c⌫a mình, còn nh⇠ng ng↵i không còn m& ch' có th⌧ cu nguy⌥n cho m& và nh⇠ng ng↵i ã khu t.

ENGLISH

1. Tet Trung Nguyen

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #18 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: TET TRUNG NGUYEN 2 2. Tet Trung Nguyen, also known as Wandering Souls Day, is a Vietnamese holiday that focuses on pardoning condemned souls that were sent to hell. The holiday falls on the fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month, which typically falls sometime during the latter half of August or the beginning of September. On this holiday, the Vietnamese pray to their gods to ask for the souls of their deceased ancestors to rest in peace. They also request that any unjust accusations made against the dead be dissolved so that their souls can be released from hell.

3. The basic idea about death in Vietnam is that when someone dies, his soul stands trial and the verdict decides whether he goes to hell or heaven. Tet Trung Nguyen is the day when all of the souls that were sent to hell are set free for a few hours at night. The Vietnamese believe that those spirits go to the homes of their living relatives to find food. If they don't have any living relatives, they wander around in search of nourishment and love. The Vietnamese honor their deceased loved ones by putting out a lavish buffet full of local delicacies and praying for those who have died.

4. Although the holiday originated in Buddhism, all Vietnamese celebrate it, making it one of the most-celebrated holidays in Vietnam. The day lands on the same day as Mother's Day in Vietnam. Tradition says that those whose mothers are still alive practice thanksgiving for their mothers, and those whose mothers are deceased pray for them and others who have passed away.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English

xá t⇧i pardon

h⌅n soul

x⌦ condemn

ã quá c decease

th⌘c ⇢n nourishment

phán quyt verdict

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #18 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: TET TRUNG NGUYEN 3 tan rã dissolve

c s!n delicacy

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Ng⇥i Thiên Chúa Giáo tin r⇤ng các linh H u nh t⌦t c↵ mi ng⇥i ⇧u tin r⇤ng m⌅c có quy⇧n n⌃ng xá t⌥i cho h. chúng ta có linh hn.

"Catholics believe that priests have the "Most people believe that we have souls." power of pardoning their sins."

Gã tù nhân ó ã b x✏ t⌥i ch⇣t vì nh⌘ng Tht khó khi ph↵i ngh v⇧ nh⌘ng ng⇥i vi✓c làm ⌥c ác c◆a y. thân ã quá c c◆a chúng ta.

"The prison inmate was condemned to "It is difficult to think about our deceased death for his evil deeds." loved ones."

T⌦t c↵ chúng ta ⇧u c n có th⌫c ⌃n ⇠ Khi phán quy⇣t ⇡c c, gia ình c◆a sng. n⇢n nhân ã ôm nhau khóc.

"We all need nourishment to survive." "When the verdict was read, the victim's family members hugged each other in tears."

Khi t ch⌫c tan rã, tài s↵n c◆a nó ã T⌦t c↵ chúng ta ⇧u thích ⌃n nh⌘ng món ⇡c trao cho các t ch⌫c phi l⇡i nhun c s↵n trong ngày l.

khác trong khu v⌧c. "We all enjoy eating delicacies around the "When the organization dissolved, its holidays." assets were given to other non-profit organizations in the area."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you Know?

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #18 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: TET TRUNG NGUYEN 4

Truyn th⇥ng ngày L⇤ Vong H⌅n có ngu⌅n g⇥c t⇧ truyn thuy⌃t c⌥a B⌅ tát Mc Kin Liên, m t c⌦u bé ng↵i Vit ã giác ng chân l˝ khi còn r✏t nh⇣ tu⌘i. M✓ c⌥a ông vì quá c ác nên ã b◆ ày xu⇥ng ◆a ngc sau khi ch⌃t. Ông mang thc n ⌃n cho m✓, nh↵ng nó ã b◆ qu d⌫ ⇥t cháy tr↵⇠c khi bà có th⇡ n. Ông ã nh Ph⌦t giúp ⇢. Ph⌦t nói rng ông c⌧n t⌘ chc l⇤ cúng cho linh h⌅n c⌥a m✓ ông và c⌧u cho bà ↵c xá mi t i li. Mc Kin Liên ã th c hin úng li d!y c⌥a Ph⌦t và m✓ c⌥a ông ã ↵c xá t i theo li th"nh c⌧u c⌥a ông.

The tradition of Wandering Souls Day can be traced to the story of Kien Muc Lien, a Vietnamese boy who supposedly became enlightened while he was young. His mother was evil and was sent to hell upon her death. Her son sent food to her after she died, but the demons burned it up before she could eat it. He then turned to Buddha to ask for help. Buddha told him to hold a ceremony to pray for his mother's soul and ask that she be absolved from her sins. He did as Buddha told him and she was absolved because of her son's request.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #18 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: TET TRUNG NGUYEN 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #19 Top 10 Vietnamese Holidays and Festivals: Perfume Pagoda Festival

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 19

1. L h⇥i Chùa H⇤⌅ng

2. L h⇥i Chùa H⇤⌅ng là lúc mà r⇧t nhi⌃u ng⇤⌥i dân Vit Nam t ch⌦c cu⇥c hành h⇤⌅ng t↵i Chùa H⇤⌅ng. L h⇥i kéo dài t ngày mùng 6 tháng Giêng n ht tháng 3 âm l✏ch. Trong ó, chính h⇥i din ra t ngày 15 n ngày 20 tháng 2 âm l✏ch. L h⇥i th⇤⌥ng ⇤⇣c t ch⌦c t⌘i ba n⌅i - Long Vân, Tuyt S⌅n và H⇤⌅ng Tích.

3. L˝ do cho các cu⇥c hành h⇤⌅ng n Chùa H⇤⌅ng t⌘i th⌥i i✓m này bao g◆m c tôn giáo ln thm m⌫. Các cu⇥c hành h⇤⌅ng tôn giáo r⇧t ph bin trong truy⌃n th⇠ng Ph⇡t giáo, c⇢ng nh⇤ tín ng⇤ng v⇡t linh và các h th⇠ng tín ng⇤ng khác ph bin t⌘i Vit Nam.

4. Khu v⌧c quanh chùa có r⇧t nhi⌃u cnh p cùng v↵i m⇥t s⇠ nhng ch⌦ng c⌦ kho c mang tm quan tr ng qu⇠c gia. Chùa H⇤⌅ng th⌧c ch⇧t là m⇥t qun th✓ ph⌦c t⌘p g◆m nhng ngôi ⌃n, chùa, ình ⇤⇣c xây d⌧ng trong ⇥ng H⇤⌅ng Tích. Trung tâm chùa n!m " Xã H⇤⌅ng S⌅n. N!m trong xã là Chùa Trong, là trung tâm c#a c$m ⌃n chùa Chùa H⇤⌅ng. Chùa n!m trong %⇥ng H⇤⌅ng Tích, m⇥t pháo ài v& ⌘i ⇤⇣c t⌧ nhiên kh'c ra t núi á vôi.

5. Trong Chùa H⇤⌅ng, du khách s( tìm th⇧y %⌃n Trình, Chùa Thiên Trù, và Chùa Gii Oan. M⌘ng l⇤↵i ⌃n chùa " ây ⇤⇣c cho là ã có l✏ch s) h⌅n 2.000 n*m, m+c dù công trình s↵m nh⇧t ⇤⇣c d⌧ng lên là m⇥t bia á t⌘i chùa Thiên Trù có t n*m 1686.

6. L h⇥i ⇤⇣c ng⇤⌥i Vit Nam coi là th⌥i i✓m l˝ t⇤"ng cho tình yêu ny n". R⇧t nhi⌃u ng⇤⌥i tr, tu i ⇥c thân ã tham gia l h⇥i v↵i hi v ng tìm th⇧y ng⇤⌥i mình yêu.

ENGLISH

1. Perfume Pagoda Festival

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #19 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: PERFUME PAGODA FESTIVAL 2 2. The Perfume Pagoda Festival is a time when many Vietnamese make a pilgrimage to the Perfume Pagoda. The festival lasts from the sixth day of the first month on the lunar calendar until the end of the third month. The main part of the festival is held between the fifteenth and the twentieth of the second lunar month. The festival is typically held in three locations—Long Van, Tuyet Son, and Huong Tich.

3. The reasons for all the pilgrimages to the Perfume Pagoda during this time are both religious and aesthetic. Religious pilgrimages are important within the Buddhist tradition, as well as within animist religions and other major belief systems that are common in Vietnam.

4. The area around the pagoda is full of beauty and also some important national artifacts. The phrase "Perfume Pagoda" actually refers to a major complex of shrines and temples that are built right into the Huong Tich mountains. The Huong Son Commune is the middle of the pagoda. Inside the commune is the Perfume Temple, which sits right at the heart of the Perfume Pagoda. The temple is inside of Huong Tich Cave, an incredible fortress that nature has carved out of the limestone mountain.

5. Within the Perfume Pagoda, visitors will find the Presentation Shrine, the Heaven Kitchen Pagoda, and the Clearing Unjust Charges Pagoda. The entire network of shrines and temples is believed by many to date back two thousand years, although the earliest structure there is a stele at the temple that dates to 1686.

6. The festival is also known by the Vietnamese as the perfect time for young love to blossom. Many single young people go out looking for new romantic relationships during this time.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

⌃n shrine

bia stele noun

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #19 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: PERFUME PAGODA FESTIVAL 3 thm m⌫ aesthetic

Ph⇡t giáo Buddhist

ch⌦ng c⌦ kho c artifact

v⇡t linh animist

hành h⇤⌅ng pilgrimage

xã commune adjective

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Các ngôi ⇥n ⇤⌅c xây c⇧t ⌃ nhi⇥u n⌥i ti V⇥ c⌥ b⌦n, bia là mt t⌦ng á ⇤⌅c dng Nh t B⌦n, Trung Qu↵c và Vit Nam. lên ✏ t⇤⌃ng nim mt s kin nào ó.

"Shrines are scattered throughout Japan, "A stele is basically a stone that has been China and Vietnam." set up as a monument."

T⇧t c⌦ chúng ta ⇥u mu↵n có mt c⇣n Ph t giáo là mt tôn giáo ph◆ bin trong nhà h⌅p th⌘m m✓. v⇣n hoá ph⇤⌥ng ông.

"We all want our house to be very "The Buddhist religion is very common in aesthetically pleasing." Eastern cultures."

Các chng c kh⌦o c◆ cho chúng ta bit Tín ng⇤ng v t linh tin r⌧ng mi ng v t r⇧t nhi⇥u v⇥ nh⌫ng n⇥n v⇣n hoá và con ⇥u có linh hn.

ng⇤⇠i c⇡a th⇠i i tr⇤⇢c. "Animist religions believe that animals "Artifacts tell us a great deal about have souls." previous civilizations and peoples."

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #19 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: PERFUME PAGODA FESTIVAL 4 Nh⌫ng ng⇤⇠i thuc các tôn giáo nh⇧t Mt công xã gm nh⌫ng ng⇤⇠i có t⇤ nh cho r⌧ng vic thc hin các cuc t⇤⌃ng gi↵ng nhau và tin r⌧ng h nên chia hành h⇤⌥ng n nh⌫ng a i✏m tôn giáo s mi th. là r⇧t quan trng. "The commune consisted of likeminded "People of certain religions feel it is people who believed they should share important to take a pilgrimage to places of everything." religious significance."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you Know?

Có nhiu truy⇥n và truyn thuy⇤t ⌅óng vai trò quan tr⇧ng thúc ⌅⌃y các cu⌥c hành h ng trong d⌦p L↵ h⌥i Chùa H ng. Rt nhiu mng ⌅á và nh ⌅á trong ⌅⌥ng ⌅ã ⌅✏c ⌅⇣t tên, và có rt nhiu ng⌘i ⌅ã tìm ⌅⇤n chúng ⌅✓ c◆u phúc. Các nh ⌅á thiên nhiên này ⌅✏c tin là có th✓ mang li an lành cho nhng ng⌘i c◆u phúc t chúng. M⌥t nh ⌅á trong s⌫ ⌅ó có hình dng nh m⌥t b◆u sa và nh⇠ gi⇧t n⇡c. Nhiu du khách mu⌫n n⇤m n⇡c ⌅ó b⇢i vì h⇧ tin rng "sa t b◆u" s⌧ cho h⇧ sc kho t⌫t. M⌥t s⌫ ph n và các c⇣p v✏ ch ng cng ⌅⇤n !⌥ng H ng Tích ⌅✓ c◆u mong có con.

There are many stories and myths that play a role in the large number of pilgrimages during the Perfume Pagoda Festival. Many of the stalagmites and stalactites inside the caves at the pagoda have been named, and it is very common for people to come and seek blessings from them. The natural formations are believed to bring prosperity to those who seek their blessings. One particular stalactite is shaped like a breast and drips water. Many visitors want to catch a drop of that water because they believe the "milk of the breast" will give them good health. Some women and couples also go to Huong Tich Cave to ask for fertility.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #19 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: PERFUME PAGODA FESTIVAL 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #20 Top 10 Vietnamese Holidays and Festivals: Hai Ba Trung Day

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 20

1. Ngày gi Hai Bà Tr⇥ng

2. Ngày gi Hai Bà Tr⇥ng là m⇤t ngày l⌅ t⇧i Vi⌃t Nam ⌥ t⇥ ng nh⌦ công lao c↵a hai ch em h Tr⇥ng. Ngày l⌅ th⇥ng ⌥⇥✏c t⇣ ch⌘c vào tháng 3 theo lch tu✓n tr◆ng (âm lch). Hai Bà Tr⇥ng ⌥ã sng cách ⌥ây rt nhiu th⌫ k⇠ và ⌥ã có công lãnh ⌥⇧o cu⇤c kh i ngh⇡a chng Trung Quc, t⇧i thi ⌥im ⌥ó ⌥ang chi⌫m ⌥óng Vi⌃t Nam. Ngày gi Hai Bà Tr⇥ng không ph⇢i là m⇤t ngày l⌅ quc gia c↵a Vi⌃t Nam, ⌥ng ngh⇡a v⌦i vi⌃c ⌥ây không ph⇢i là m⇤t ngày ngh⌧ l⌅ c↵a ng⇥i lao ⌥⇤ng.

3. Hai Bà Tr⇥ng ⌥⇥✏c công nhn là anh hùng dân t⇤c c↵a ng⇥i Vi⌃t. Cha c↵a h là m⇤t v l⇧c t⇥⌦ng, nên h rt gii võ thut. Trung Quc ⌥ã sáp nhp Vi⌃t Nam t kho⇢ng n◆m 111 Tr⇥⌦c Công Nguyên. Vào thi c↵a Hai Bà Tr⇥ng, Vi⌃t Nam ⌥ã ph⇢i chu h n 100 n◆m ách thng tr c↵a Trung Quc. M⇤t bà ⌥ã c⇥⌦i Thi Sách, huy⌃n l⌃nh huy⌃n Mê Linh. Khi Thi Sách có ch↵ tr⇥ ng chng ⌥i chính sách ⌥ng hoá ng⇥i Vi⌃t vào v◆n hoá Trung Quc, ng⇥i Trung Quc ⌥ã x! t! ông. V✏ ông cùng em gái c↵a bà ⌥ã n⇣i binh chng l⇧i Trung Quc.

4. Hai Bà Tr⇥ng ⌥ã thành công trong vi⌃c ⌥ánh ⌥u⇣i quân ⌥⇤i Trung Quc khi làng c↵a h và tng b⇥⌦c xây d"ng m⇤t ⌥⇤i quân c↵a riêng h, theo truyn thuy⌫t gm ch↵ y⌫u là n# gi⌦i. Ch⌧ trong m⇤t vài tháng ⌥⇧o quân c↵a hai Bà ⌥ã ⌥ánh chi⌫m ⌥⇥✏c h n 60 thành lu$ t tay quân Trung Quc và gi⇢i phóng ⌥t n⇥⌦c c↵a h. Hai Bà Tr⇥ng lên ngôi v⇥ ng và ti⌫p t%c ⌥&y lùi các cu⇤c xâm l◆ng c↵a Trung Quc trong hai n◆m.

5. Cui cùng, Hai Bà Tr⇥ng ⌥ã b ⌥ánh b⇧i b i quân Trung Quc, hai Bà ⌥ã t" tr✓m vào n◆m 43 Sau Công Nguyên. Các t⇥⌦ng l⇡nh c↵a h ti⌫p t%c chi⌫n ⌥u cho ⌥⌫n khi ng⇥i cui cùng ngã xung, m⇤t s khác t" k⌫t li⌅u theo hai Bà.

ENGLISH

1. Hai Ba Trung Day

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #20 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: HAI BA TRUNG DAY 2 2. Hai Ba Trung Day is a Vietnamese holiday in honor of the Trung sisters. The holiday typically falls sometime in March, according to the lunar calendar. The Trung sisters lived centuries ago and are credited with leading an uprising against the Chinese, who were occupying Vietnam at that time. Hai Ba Trung Day is not a public holiday, which means that workers do not necessarily get the day off.

3. The Trung sisters are considered national heroes in Vietnam. Their father was a military leader, so they had a lot of skill in martial arts. The Chinese annexed Vietnam as early as 111 BC. By the time the Trung sisters' lifetime rolled around, about a hundred years of Chinese rule had passed. One of the sisters married Thi Sach, a prefect of Me Linh. When the prefect opposed the forced assimilation of Vietnam into Chinese culture, the Chinese executed him. His wife and her sister took up the fight against the Chinese.

4. The Trung sisters successfully expelled the Chinese from their village and began building an army, which may have been made up mostly of women. It took them a few months to take more than sixty citadels back from the Chinese and liberate their country. The two sisters became queens and continued to repel Chinese attacks for two years.

5. Eventually the Trung sisters were defeated again by the Chinese, and they drowned themselves in 43 AD. Many of their soldiers continued to fight until they were killed, and others also committed suicide.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

huy⌃n l⌃nh prefect

⌥ng hoá assimilation

⌥u⇣i expel verb

kh i ngh⇡a uprising

võ martial noun

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #20 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: HAI BA TRUNG DAY 3 tu✓n tr◆ng lunar

sáp nhp annex

anh hùng hero

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Huyn lnh là m⇥t ch⇤c quan ⌅⇧⌃c b⌥ S ⌅ ng hoá c⌦a m⇥t n↵n vn hoá vào nhim. m⇥t n↵n vn hoá khác là m⇥t tn bi kch.

"A prefect is an appointed official." "The full assimilation of one culture into another is a true tragedy."

C✏u h⇣c sinh ⌅ó ⌅ã b ⌅u⌥i kh⌘i tr⇧✓ng vì Các bin pháp ⌅àn áp cu⇥c khi ngha thái ⌅⇥ vô k◆ lu✏t. c⌦a chính quy↵n ⌅ã b tht bi.

"The student was expelled from school for "The government's best efforts to quell the insubordinate behavior." uprising were thwarted."

Không ph⌫i ai c⇠ng có ⌅⌦ tài nng ⌅⇡ tr Chu k c⌦a tu⌧n trng mang nhi↵u ˝ nên xut s⇢c trong các môn võ thu✏t. ngha quan tr⇣ng xuyên sut trong lch

s. "Not everyone has the grace required to excel in the martial arts." "The lunar cycle has been very important throughout history."

Khi m⇥t thành ph sáp nh✏p ph⌧n ⌅t Lch s có rt nhi↵u nhng v anh hùng còn li c⌦a huyn, nhi↵u ng⇧✓i dân trong mà công lao c⌦a h⇣ không bao gi✓ ⌅⇧⌃c huyn ⌅ã t⌘ thái ⌅⇥ b⇤c xúc. ca ng⌃i.

"When the city annexed the rest of the "History has been full of unsung heroes county in, many county residents were who will never get credit for what they did." upset."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #20 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: HAI BA TRUNG DAY 4 Did you Know?

Có rt nhi⇥u truy⇥n thuy⇤t v⇥ cu⌅c ⇧u tranh c⌃a Hai Bà Tr⌥ng. M⌅t trong nhng truy⇥n thuy⇤t k v⇥ th⌃ ⇧o⌦n mà ng⌥↵i Trung Quc s dng ⇧ ⇧ánh b⌦i hai Bà. Theo truy⇥n thuy⇤t này, nhng ng⌥↵i lính Trung Quc (ch⌃ y⇤u là ⇧àn ông) ⇧ã c✏i tr⇣n tru⌘ng ⇧ xông tr✓n. Vì h⇣u h⇤t các t⌥◆ng lnh c⌃a Hai Bà Tr⌥ng ⇧⇥u là n gi◆i, h ⇧ã b s⌫ nhc vì hành ⇧⌅ng thô b⌫ này c⌃a quân ⇧ch. Rt nhi⇥u trong s h ⇧ã b⇠ ch⌦y vì xu h⇡, nh⌥ng v⇢n có nhng ng⌥↵i khác kiên c⌥↵ng chi⇤n ⇧u. M⌅t ng⌥↵i ph n trong s ⇧ó, theo truyn k , ⇧ang mang thai và ⇧ã sinh con ngay trên chi⇤n tuy⇤n. Sau ⇧ó, bà ⇧ã m⌅t tay b⌘ng con, tay kia c⇣m v⌧ khí chi⇤n ⇧u cùng ⇧⌘ng ⇧⌅i c⌃a mình.

There are many stories about the battles of the Trung sisters. One such story is about the way the Chinese supposedly triumphed over the Trungs. According to legend, the male Chinese soldiers went to war completely naked. Since most of the Trungs' soldiers were women, they were allegedly shamed by the men's nakedness. Many of them fled in shame, although a few kept fighting. One of the women who reportedly did keep fighting was a pregnant woman who had her baby right on the front line during the battle. Supposedly, she carried her baby in one arm and continued fighting with the other.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #20 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS: HAI BA TRUNG DAY 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #21 Top 10 Vietnamese Tourist Destinations: Phu Quoc

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 21

1. Phú Quc

2. Phú Quc, hòn ⇥⇤o l⌅n nh⇧t c⌃a Vi⌥t Nam, là mt thiên ⇥ ⌦ng nhi⌥t ⇥⌅i và ⇥i↵m ⇥n h⇧p dn dành cho du khách. Hòn ⇥⇤o nm trong V✏nh Thái Lan, k c⇣n b⌦ bi↵n Campuchia. Mt trong nh⌘ng ⇥✓c ⇥i↵m n◆i b⇣t nh⇧t c⌃a Phú Quc là 99 Ngn núi ⇥i, mt dãy núi chy dài kh⌫p hòn ⇥⇤o. Nh⌘ng ng ⌦i a thích phiêu l u mo hi↵m s⇠ mun tham quan Núi Chúa, là ngn núi cao nh⇧t trong 99 Ngn núi ⇥i.

3. Ngoài du l✏ch, nông và ng nghi⌥p c⇡ng là mt ph⇢n quan trng c⌃a nn kinh t khu v⌧c. Hai s⇤n phm n◆i ting nh⇧t c⌃a Phú Quc là h tiêu ⇥en và n ⌅c m⌫m. Mt ng ⌦i ng dân ⇥ây có th↵ ⇥ánh b⌫t ⇥ c hàng tr m kilôgam cá c!m, loài cá ⇥ c s" d#ng ⇥↵ ch bin loi n ⌅c m⌫m n◆i ting. Khu v⌧c trung tâm c⌃a ⇥⇤o là n!i trng trt h tiêu, ngoài ra ti ⇥ây còn có mt khu chuyên nuôi c⇧y ngc trai bi↵n.

4. Phú Quc có r⇧t nhiu th⌫ng c⇤nh. Các du khách có th↵ s⇠ mun ⇥ c chiêm ng $ng nn công nghi⌥p ch bin cá c!m trong th⌧c ti%n, ho✓c h c⇡ng có th↵ th ng th&c nh⌘ng món n ⇥✏a ph !ng ti mt trong nh⌘ng quán n nh' trên ⇥⇤o. R u Sim là mt ⇥✓c s⇤n ⇥✏a ph !ng mà không mt du khách nào ⇥n Phú Quc có th↵ b' qua, c⇡ng nh n ⌅c m⌫m.

5. Ph⇢n l⌅n hòn ⇥⇤o ⇥u ch a ⇥ c phát tri↵n, nên ⇥ây là mt thiên ⇥ ⌦ng t⌧ nhiên v⌅i nh⌘ng bãi bi↵n thanh v⌫ng và yên t(nh. Các v✏ khách b hành có th↵ l⇣p nhóm khám phá hòn ⇥⇤o và tìm nh⌘ng viên ngc ⇥ c n gi⇧u này, m✓c dù ⇥i v⌅i mt du khách t⌫m bi↵n thông th ⌦ng, n!i ⇥ây c⇡ng có r⇧t nhiu khu du l✏ch và khách sn h&a h)n mt ⇥i↵m ⇥n du l✏ch hoàn h⇤o.

ENGLISH

1. Phu Quoc

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #21 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: PHU QUOC 2 2. Vietnam's largest island, Phu Quoc, is a tropical paradise and popular tourist destination. The island lies in the Gulf of Thailand, adjacent to the coast of Cambodia. One of the most prominent features of Phu Quoc is the 99 Peaks, a ridge of mountains that runs through the island. Adventurers will want to check out Mount Chua, which is the highest of the 99 Peaks.

3. In addition to tourism, agriculture and fishing are also an important part of the region's economy. The two products Phu Quoc is most well-known for are black pepper and fish sauce. Fishermen pull in hundreds of pounds of anchovies, which are used to make the famous fish sauce. Farmers cultivate pepper in the middle of the island, and there is also now a pearl farm there as well.

4. There are plenty of unique sights to see in Phu Quoc. Visitors may wish to see the anchovy industry in action, or they may want to take in some of the local cuisine at one of the many small eateries on the island. Myrtle wine is a local delicacy that no traveler can go to Phu Quoc without trying, as is the fish sauce.

5. Much of the island has not been developed, so it provides a very natural paradise with remote beaches that are empty and quiet. Hikers may want to set out and explore the island to find these hidden gems, although for the average beachgoer, there are plenty of resorts and hotels that offer the perfect tourist destination.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

thiên ⇥ ⌦ng paradise

nhi⌥t ⇥⌅i tropical

k c⇣n adjacent

v✏nh gulf

cá c!m anchovy

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #21 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: PHU QUOC 3 ging breed adjective

sim myrtle

nông nghi⌥p agriculture noun

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Th gi⇥i là m⇤t ch⌅n thiên ⇧⌃⌥ng ⇧⌅i v⇥i R↵t nhiu ng⌃⌥i thích ⇧i du lch các nhng ng⌃⌥i bit th⌃ ng th⌦c. min nhit ⇧⇥i vì s✏ ↵m áp c⇣a chúng.

"The world is a paradise when we know "Many people enjoy visiting tropical how to enjoy it." destinations for their warmth."

Nhà c⇣a chúng tôi k c⌘n tr⌃⌥ng h✓c Vnh Mexico phi h⌦ng chu r↵t nhiu c◆n ⇧a ph⌃◆ng. bão mi nm.

"Our home is adjacent to our "The Gulf of Mexico falls victim to many neighborhood school." hurricanes each year."

Có nhiu ng⌃⌥i không thích n cá c◆m. Khu v✏c sinh sn và gây gi⌅ng c⇣a các

loài ⇧⇤ng v⌘t th⌃⌥ng xy ra nhiu ho⌫t "Many people do not like anchovies." ⇧⇤ng náo nhit t⌫i m⇤t s⌅ th⌥i ⇧i⇠m trong nm.

"The breeding grounds of animals are abuzz with activity in some parts of the year."

Sim là m⇤t loài hoa. M⇤t s⌅ n◆i trên th gi⇥i phi d✏a ch⇣ yu

vào nông nghip ⇧⇠ phát tri⇠n kinh t. "A myrtle is a species of flower." "Some parts of the world rely heavily on agriculture for their economies."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #21 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: PHU QUOC 4 Did you Know?

Phú Quc là quê h⇥⇤ng c⌅a chó Phú Quc, m⇧t trong ba ging chó duy nh⌃t trên th⌥ gii có xoáy lông trên l⇥ng ch y ng⇥⌦c vi ph↵n lông còn l i trên ng⇥i nó. Ging chó này th⇥ng ch ⇥⌦c tìm th⌃y t i Phú Quc, m✏c dù chúng c⇣ng ang d↵n ⇥⌦c nh⌘ng nhà gây ging chó c⌅a ph⇥⇤ng Tây công nh✓n. Tr⇥c ây, ging chó này có lông màu en, vàng, m ho✏c v◆n, tuy nhiên hin nay màu lông c⌅a chúng ã ⇥⌦c pha t p nhiu. M⇧t con chó tr⇥ng thành có tr⌫ng l⇥⌦ng kho⇠ng 18 - 20 kilôgam. Ngày nay r⌃t khó có th⇡ tìm th⌃y m⇧t con chó Phú Quc thu↵n ch⌅ng vì chúng ã ⇥⌦c gây ging vi nhiu loài chó khác.

Phu Quoc is home to the Phu Quoc dog, which is one of only a trio of breeds with a ridge of hair on its back that actually runs in the opposite direction of the hair in the rest of the animal's coat. This breed of dog is typically only found on Phu Quoc, although Western dog breeders are starting to recognize the breed. Traditionally, the breed was black, yellow, spotted, or striped, although today the breed's colors are varied a lot more. When it is fully grown, the dog weighs about forty or forty-five pounds. It is rare to find a purebred of this breed because of how much it has mixed with other breeds.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #21 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: PHU QUOC 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #22 Top 10 Vietnamese Tourist Destinations: Hoi An

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 22

1. Hi An

2. Hi An là mt ⇥ô th⇤ c⌅ t⇧i Vi⌃t Nam, n⌥m ngay bên b Bi n ⌦ông (Bi n Nam Trung Hoa). Ph↵ c⌅ Hi An ⇥c UNESCO công nhn là Di s✏n Th⇣ gi⌘i b✓i ⇥ô th⇤ c⌅ này tng trng cho mt c✏ng bi n truy◆n th↵ng ⌦ông Nam Á vào th⇣ k th 15 ⇥c b✏o toàn nguyên vn. ⌦áng ti⇣c là theo báo cáo c⌫a UNESCO n⇠m 2004, n◆n v⇠n hoá truy◆n th↵ng c⌫a Hi An ⇥ã g⇡n nh b⇤ hu ho⇧i b✓i du l⇤ch.

3. Tuy vy, du khách ⇥⇣n Hi An v⇢n có th th✓ng thc hng v⇤ c⌫a n◆n v⇠n hoá Trung Qu↵c và Vi⌃t Nam có t⌧ hàng tr⇠m n⇠m tr⌘c. Rt nhi◆u ngôi nhà v⇢n ⇥c lp b⌥ng mái ngói quen thuc g⇡n nh là mt thng hi⌃u c⌫a ni ⇥ây và ⇥c xây b✓i nhng lo⇧i g vô cùng qu˝ hi⇣m. Nhng cây ct nhà sn son c ng làm t⇠ng thêm s! quy⇣n r c⌫a khu ph↵ c⌅. Nhng ngi ph" n m#c trang ph"c truy◆n th↵ng c ng là mt quang c✏nh thng g#p t⇧i Hi An.

4. Mt trong nhng thi ⇥i m lôi cu↵n nht ⇥ t⌘i th⇠m thành ph↵ là vào d⇤p l$ hi ⇥èn l%ng hàng tháng. Vào ngày 14 hàng tháng theo âm l⇤ch (không ph✏i là ngày 14 hàng tháng theo l⇤ch phng Tây), c dân ph↵ c⌅ Hi An ⇥◆u t&t h⇣t ⇥èn trong nhà c⌫a h' và treo ⇥èn l%ng làm b⌥ng giy và v✏i. K c✏ vô tuy⇣n và nhng thi⇣t b⇤ ⇥i⌃n khác c ng ⇥c t&t ⇥i ⇥ t⇧o nên mt b⇡u không khí ch( ⇥c to✏ sáng b✓i nhng chi⇣c ⇥èn l%ng này.

5. Du khách ⇥⇣n Hi An có th ⇥⇣n th⇠m rt nhi◆u nhng vi⌃n b✏o tàng t⇧i ni ⇥ây, nh B✏o tàng V⇠n hoá Sa Hu)nh có cha hn 300 tác ph*m ⇥iêu kh&c b⌥ng g↵m có t⌧ th⇣ k th 8. Các ho⇧t ⇥ng vui chi khác t⇧i Hi An bao g%m câu cá và các môn th thao mùa hè nh bi li, chèo thuy◆n và bi l#n.

ENGLISH

1. Hoi An

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #22 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: HOI AN 2 2. Hoi An is an ancient city in Vietnam that is located right on the South China Sea. UNESCO recognizes it as a World Heritage Site because it represents a very well- preserved fifteenth century Southeast Asian trading port. Unfortunately, UNESCO reported in 2004 that the city's ancient culture has been mostly destroyed by tourism.

3. Nonetheless, travelers to Hoi An will still get a taste of what Chinese and Vietnamese culture was like hundreds of years ago. Many of the homes have the trademark tiled roofs and are made of extremely rare wood. There are also many ornamental pillars that just add to the charm of the city. Women wearing traditional dress are also a common sight in Hoi An.

4. One of the most entrancing times to visit the city is during the monthly lantern festival. On the fourteenth of every lunar month (which does not actually fall on the fourteenth of the month according to the Western Gregorian calendar), the residents of Hoi An shut off the lights in their homes and put up lanterns made of paper and cloth. Even televisions and other electric appliances are shut off to create an atmosphere that is lighted entirely by these lanterns.

5. Travelers to Hoi An may enjoy one of the many museums located there, like the Museum of Sa Huynh Culture, which contains more than three hundred ceramic pieces dating all the way back to the 700s. Other activities that can be enjoyed in Hoi An are fishing and other summer sports like swimming, sailing, and snorkeling.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

lôi cu↵n entrance verb

b⇡u không khí atmosphere

b✏o t%n nguyên vn well-preserved

s! quy⇣n r charm

bi l#n snorkel

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #22 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: HOI AN 3 thng hi⌃u trademark noun

di s✏n heritage

⇥èn l%ng lantern

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Ánh mt c⇥a cô ⇤y th⌅t là lôi cu⇧n. B⌃u không khí t⌥i ni ó khác xa v⌦i t⇤t

c↵ nhng gì tôi ã tng tr↵i qua. "The look in her eyes was absolutely entrancing." "The atmosphere of the place was unlike anything I felt before."

Thnh tho↵ng, b⌥n l⌥i tìm th⇤y m✏t xã h✏i Chuyn t⇤t c↵ m⌫i ng⇣⇠i ⇡u quen bit ⇣⌘c b↵o t✓n nguyên v◆n khi th gi⌦i nhau là m✏t s⇢ quyn r ch tìm th⇤y t⌥i bên ngoài. các th⌧ tr⇤n nh.

"Every once in a while you find a society "The fact that everyone knows each other that is well-preserved from the rest of the is a charm only found in small towns." world."

Nhi⇡u ng⇣⇠i có s thích i bi ln t⌥i các Th⇣ng hiu c⇥a m✏t công ty là m✏t im n du l⌧ch vùng nhit ⌦i. thành t⇧ quan tr⌫ng c⇤u thành hình ↵nh

c⇥a nó. "Many people enjoy snorkeling in tropical destinations." "A company's trademark is an important part of its identity."

Hu là m✏t di s↵n v n hóa th gi⌦i. !èn l✓ng là m✏t cách ✏c áo chiu

sáng v⇣⇠n nhà b⌥n. "Hue is a world heritage site." "A lantern is a unique way to create light in your backyard."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #22 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: HOI AN 4 Did you Know?

Lch s⇥ c⇤a H⌅i An b⇧t ⌃⌥u t n m 200 Tr⌦↵c Công Nguyên vào thi c⇤a ng⌦i Ch m. Vào th k th✏ 14, thành ph⇣ ⌃ã tr⌘ thành m⌅t h✓i c✓ng giao th⌦◆ng l↵n ti khu vc Bin ⌫ông, m⇠c dù ph✓i ⌃n t⇡n n m 1535 thành ph⇣ m↵i chính th✏c ⌃⌦⇢c tha nh⇡n danh hiu này, ⌃⌦⇢c trao b⌘i Antonio de Faria, m⌅t nhà thám him ng⌦i B⌧ ⌫ào Nha. Vào th k th✏ 18, các th⌦◆ng gia t Trung Qu⇣c và Nh⇡t B✓n ⌃u s⇥ dng h✓i c✓ng c⇤a thành ph⇣ và coi ⌃ây là h✓i c✓ng quan trng nh t trong khu vc. Ng⌦i Nh⇡t th⇡m chí còn tin r!ng long mch c⇤a châu Á ⌃⌦⇢c ⌃⇠t ⌘ ngay d⌦↵i lòng H⌅i An.

The history of Hoi An dates back to 200 BC, when the Cham peoples lived there. By the fourteenth century, the city had become a major port for shipping in the South China Sea, although it didn't officially earn that status until 1535 when Antonio de Faria, a Portuguese explorer, established it as such. By the 1700s, the Chinese and the Japanese both utilized the city's port and viewed it as the most important port in the region. The Japanese actually held the belief that the heart of the continent of Asia, which they knew as a dragon, was underneath Hoi An.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #22 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: HOI AN 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #23 Top 10 Vietnamese Tourist Destinations: Bien Hoa

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 23

1. Biên Hoà

2. Thành ph Biên Hoà c⇥a Vi⇤t Nam n⌅m ⇧ phía ⌃ông c⇥a Thành ph H⌥ Chí Minh. Thành ph v c b⌦n có th↵ ⌃c coi là khu vc ngo✏i ô c⇥a m⇣t thành ph l⌘n h n, vì nó n⌅m trong khu vc ⌃ô th✓ c⇥a Thành ph H⌥ Chí Minh. Dân s c⇥a Biên Hoà bùng n◆ sau Chin tranh ông d ng ln th⌫ nh⇠t, khi mà h n 800.000 ng⇡i t✓ n✏n ⌃ã ⌃c di chuy↵n t⇢ Bc Vi⇤t vào Nam Vi⇤t.

3. Biên Hoà là m⇣t trong nh⌧ng trung tâm công nghi⇤p quan trng nh⇠t c⇥a min nam Vi⇤t Nam. Thành ph có r⇠t nhiu kho và nhà máy ⌃c tài tr b⇧i các nhà ⌃u t quc t t⇢ M, Nht B⌦n, Singapore, Th y S! và các n⌘c khác. Biên Hoà còn là m⇣t ⌃i↵m ⌃n l⌘n c⇥a du khách, v⌘i r⇠t nhiu nh⌧ng câu l✏c b⇣ ⌃êm, c"a hàng #n và công viên gi⌦i trí dc sông ⌥ng Nai. T⇢ gi⌧a thp niên 1990, các nhà ⌃u t n⌘c ngoài ⌃ã ⌃◆ tin vào th✓ tr⇡ng b⇠t ⌃⇣ng s⌦n t✏i Biên Hoà, t✏o ra m⇣t ⌃✓a ⌃i↵m h⇠p d$n du khách.

4. Bt ⌃u t⇢ cui thp niên 1960, trong và sau Chin tranh Vi⇤t Nam, Biên Hoà ⌃ã ph⌦i ch✓u m⇣t ⌃t s p ⌃◆ kinh t nghiêm trng. Thành ph là n i ⌃%t C#n c⌫ Không quân Biên Hoà, ⌃c ⌃iu hành b⇧i Không Quân Hoa K& trong cu⇣c Chin tranh Vi⇤t Nam. H n 50.000 ng⇡i ⌃ã cht trong chin d✓ch T⇠n Công Tt Mu Thân n#m 1968. Thm chí còn nhiu ng⇡i h n n⌧a ⌃ã ph⌦i hi sinh n#m 1972, trong m⇣t cu⇣c t⇠n công khác bt ngu⌥n t⇢ thành ph này vào Nam Vi⇤t. N#m 1975, c#n c⌫ không quân t✏i Biên Hoà r i vào tay quân ⌃⇣i C⇣ng S⌦n t⇢ Bc Vi⇤t. S ki⇤n này x⌦y ⌃n theo sau m⇣t ⌃t t◆ng tin công t⇢ phía bc ⌃c phát ⌃⇣ng t⇢ ⌃u n#m ⌃ó. Các cu⇣c không kích ⌃ã hu' di⇤t khu vc xung quanh c#n c⌫ không quân, khin cho vi⇤c b⌦o v⇤ nó không th↵ thc hi⇤n ⌃c. C#n c⌫ ⌃c s tán vào tháng 4 n#m 1975.

ENGLISH

1. Bien Hoa

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #23 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: BIEN HOA 2 2. The city of Bien Hoa, Vietnam lies just east of Ho Chi Minh City. It is essentially a suburb of the larger city, as it lies within Ho Chi Minh City's metropolitan area. Bien Hoa's population exploded after the First Indochina War when more than 800,000 refugees were transported from North Vietnam to South Vietnam.

3. Bien Hoa is one of the most important industrial centers in the southern part of Vietnam. It holds numerous warehouses and factories, which are funded by international investors from the U.S., Japan, Singapore, Switzerland, and other countries. The city is also a major tourist destination, full of nightclubs, eateries, and amusement parks along the Dong Nai River. Since the middle of the 1990s, foreign investors have been pouring money into the real estate market in Bien Hoa, creating a tourist-friendly location.

4. Starting in the late 1960s during and after the Vietnam War, Bien Hoa sustained a serious economic meltdown. The city is home to the Bien Hoa Air Base, which was operated by the U.S. Air Force during the Vietnam War. About 50,000 people died in the Tet Offensive in 1968. Even more people died in 1972 during another offensive led from the city against South Vietnam. In 1975, the air base at Bien Hoa fell to the Communist army from North Vietnam. This came on the heels of a major offensive against the north launched earlier that year. Air raids destroyed the region around the air base, making it impossible to defend. The base was evacuated in April of 1975.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

s tán evacuate verb

bùng n◆ explode verb

nhà ⌃u t investor

ch✓u sustain verb

kinh t economic noun

ng⇡i t✓ n✏n refugee

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #23 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: BIEN HOA 3 s p ⌃◆ meltdown noun

t⇠n công offensive

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Các quan chc chính ph⇥ ⇤ã s⌅ tán kh⇧i Dân s⌃ c⇥a thành ph⌃ bùng n↵ sau các thành ph⌃ khi m⌥c n c l⌦ dâng lên. s⌥ kin lch s nh✏t ⇤nh.

"Government officials evacuated the city "The population of the city exploded after as the floodwaters rose." certain historical events."

Nhà ⇤⇣u t n c ngoài có th⌘ xây ho✓c Bc tng ph⌫i chu nhi◆u h h⇠i sau s⌥ phá n◆n kinh t c⇥a mt thành ph⌃. c⌃.

"Foreign investors can make or break a "The wall sustained much damage after city's economy." the accident."

Cuc kh⇥ng ho⌫ng kinh t chúng ta ⇤ang Nhng ngi t n⇠n vì l˝ do b✏t ↵n xã hi gánh chu r⇡i s⇢ có h⇡i kt. thng tìm ⇤n các qu⌃c gia khác ⇤⌘

⇤⌧c hoà bình. "The economic crisis we are currently in will come to an end sometime." "Refugees of civil unrest often relocate to a different country to find peace."

Khi mà c⌫ th gi i ⇤ang trong tr⇠ng Cuc t✏n công quân s⌥ ⇤ã không thành thái sp ⇤↵ thì s⇢ có r✏t ít qu⌃c gia thoát công bi vì quân ⇤ch ⇤ã thành công ⇤⌧c v i n◆n kinh t ⇤⌧c gi nguyên. trong vic b⌫o v lãnh th↵ c⇥a chúng.

"When the world is in meltdown mode, few "Military offensives were not successful if countries can escape with their markets the opposing army was successful in intact." protecting its territory."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #23 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: BIEN HOA 4 Know?

Nhiu chuyên gia ⇥ã ghi nh⇤n vi⌅c kh⇧i x⌃⌥ng ch⌃ng trình ⌦i M⌥i xu↵t phát t s hi sinh tim lc kinh t✏ c⇣a Biên Hoà. ⌦i M⌥i là m⌘t lo✓t các c◆i cách kinh t✏ bt ⇥u vào nm 1986. › t⌃⇧ng ⇥⌃⌫c ⇥⌃a ra là t✓o nên m⌘t nn kinh t✏ th⇠ tr⌃⇡ng theo "⇥⇠nh h⌃⌥ng xã h⌘i ch⇣ ngh⇢a." ◆ng C⌘ng S◆n Vi⌅t Nam ⇥óng vai trò quan trng ⇥⌧i v⌥i nn kinh t✏ c⇣a Biên Hoà. Th⇠ tr⌃⇡ng thành ph⌧ cho phép s⇧ hu t⌃ nhân c⇣a các doanh nghi⌅p s◆n xu↵t hàng hoá, cng nh⌃ các doanh nghi⌅p ⇥⌃⌫c ⇥iu hành b⇧i nhà n⌃⌥c. Mô hình kinh t✏ ⇥⌃⌫c xây dng ⇥ c◆i thi⌅n s◆n xu↵t và t✓o nn t◆ng vng chc cho ch⇣ ngh⇢a xã h⌘i. Nn kinh t✏ ⇥⌃⌫c qu◆n l˝ và ch⇣ y✏u thu⌘c s⇧ hu c⇣a nhà n⌃⌥c, tuy cng có s góp m t c⇣a m⌘t s⌧ doanh nghi⌅p t⌃ nhân khác.

Many experts credit the establishment of Doi Moi with the resurgence of economic prospects in Bien Hoa. Doi Moi was a series of economic reforms that began in 1986. The idea was to create a market economy that was "socialist oriented." The Communist Party of Vietnam plays a major role in the economy of Bien Hoa. The market in the city allows for private ownership of businesses that produce commodities as well as businesses that are run by the state. This economic model was meant to improve production and create a firm base for socialism. The economy is managed and mostly owned by the state, although there are private businesses within it.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #23 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: BIEN HOA 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #24 Top 10 Vietnamese Tourist Destinations: Thien Mu Pagoda

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 24

1. Chùa Thiên M

2. Chùa Thiên M là m⇥t ⇤i⌅m ⇤⇧n h⌃p d⌥n du khách ti Vi t Nam. Ngôi ⇤⌦n 7 t↵ng mang nhi⌦u d⌃u tích lch s này ⇤✏c ⇤⇣t ti Hu⇧, và là chùa cao nh⌃t ⌘ qu✓c gia này. Lch s c◆a chùa ⇤✏c xu⌃t phát t ⇤↵u th⇧ k th 17 khi v Chúa Nguy⌫n ⇤↵u tiên cho kh⌘i công xây d⇠ng nó. Toà tháp chính có hình dng gi✓ng m⇥t hình bát giác và ⇤✏c xây vào n⇡m 1844. ⇢ hai bên toà tháp, du khách s th⌃y r⌃t nhi⌦u nh⌧ng ngôi ⇤ình nh. M⇥t vn hoa r⇥ng nm sau toà tháp chính và nh⌧ng ngôi ⇤ình ⌘ g↵n ⇤ó. Phía sau vn hoa quy⇧n r ⇤ó là ⇤i n th chính c◆a ngôi chùa. Các t⇡ng ni ph!t t sinh s✓ng ti toà nhà nm cnh ⇤i n th.

3. M⇥t v!t dng nh trái ng✏c v"i c#nh quan c◆a ngôi chùa là chi⇧c ô tô ⇤✏c trng bày ti n$i ⇤ây. %ó là m⇥t chi⇧c Austin c r& sét mà m⇥t hoà th✏ng t Chùa Thiên M ⇤ã s dng ⇤⌅ ⇤i vào Sài Gòn. %ó là n⇡m 1963, ông ⇤ã t"i ⇤ó và n'i la t⇠ thiêu mình ⇤⌅ ph#n ⇤✓i nh⌧ng chính sách hi n thi ti Vi t Nam C⇥ng Hoà. S⇠ ki n này r⌃t ⇤✏c bi⇧t ⇤⇧n ti Vi t Nam b⌘i nó là m⇥t trong nh⌧ng v t⇠ thiêu ⇤↵u tiên c◆a các hoà th✏ng Ph!t giáo. Các Ph!t t r⌃t bc xúc v"i s⇠ lãnh ⇤o c◆a T'ng th✓ng Ngô %ình Di m, ngi ⇤ã có chính sách phân bi t ⇤✓i x ch✓ng li h(. Ví d nh, ông ⇤ã ban hành l nh c⌃m treo c tôn giáo, nhng v⌥n cho phép treo c c◆a Vatican ⇤⌅ k ni m ngày anh trai c◆a ông làm l⌫ tôn phong lên chc T'ng giám mc.

4. Các du khách có th⌅ ⇤⇧n chùa bng xe ⇤p ho⇣c bng thuy⌦n. Du lch bng thuy⌦n là m⇥t cu⇥c vui thú v b⌘i vì bn có th⌅ d⌫ dàng ⇤i t b⇧n thuy⌦n lên chùa bng nh⌧ng b!c thang.

ENGLISH

1. Thien Mu Pagoda

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #24 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: THIEN MU PAGODA 2 2. Thien Mu Pagoda is a popular tourist destination in Vietnam. The historic seven-story temple is located in Hue, and it's the tallest pagoda in the country. It dates all the way back to the beginning of the seventeenth century, when the leader of the Nguyen Lords ordered it to be built. The main tower is shaped like an octagon and actually dates from 1844. On both sides of the tower, visitors will see numerous small pavilions. A relaxing courtyard lies right behind the main tower and the group of pavilions around it. Behind that enchanting courtyard is the main sanctuary of the pagoda. The monks live in a building that's next to the sanctuary.

3. One thing that seems out of place inside the pagoda is an old car that's up on blocks. It's a rusty old Austin in which a monk from Thien Mu Pagoda drove to Saigon. The year was 1963, and he went there to light himself on fire in protest of what was going on in Vietnam at the time. This particular incident is especially well-known in Vietnam because it was the first of several self-immolations by Buddhist monks. Buddhists were unhappy with the leadership of President Ngo Dinh, who openly discriminated against them. For example, he put a ban on the display of religious flags, but he chose to display the flag of the Vatican in honor of the anniversary of his brother's consecration as archbishop.

4. Travelers can reach the pagoda by bicycle or by boat. Traveling there by boat is a big treat because there is actually a staircase leading from the water right up to the pagoda.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

bát giác octagon

⇤ình pavilion

quy⇧n r enchant verb

phân bi t ⇤✓i x discriminate

t⇠ thiêu self-Immolation

l⌫ tôn phong consecration

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #24 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: THIEN MU PAGODA 3 r& sét rusty

chùa pagoda adjective

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Bin báo d⇥ng l⇤i có hình bát giác. Cô dâu chú r ⌅ã quy⇧t ⌅⌃nh r⌥ng ngôi

⌅ình là ⌅⌃a ⌅im l˝ t ng ⌅ t⌦ ch↵c l "The stop sign is shaped like an octagon." ci ca h✏.

"The bride and groom had decided that the pavilion would be the perfect place for their wedding."

M⇣t s⌘ n✓i trên th⇧ gii có v◆ ⌅p tht là Trong su⌘t din bi⇧n l⌃ch s⌫, nhi⇠u nhóm quy⇧n r. ng⇡i ⌅ã có hành ⌅⇣ng phân bi⇢t ⌅⌘i x⌫

vi nhau. "Some parts of the world simply have enchanting beauty." "Throughout history, various groups have always discriminated against each other."

Tht khó có th t ng tng n⌦i ⌅i⇠u gì L tôn phong là m⇣t phn quan tr✏ng ca ⌅ã khi⇧n cho m⇣t ng⇡i có hành ⌅⇣ng t⌧ C✓ ⌅⌘c giáo.

thiêu. "Consecration plays an important role in "It is impossible to imagine what would Christianity." bring people to perform self-immolations."

K di⇢u thay, chi⇧c thuy⇠n già nua r sét V⇠ c✓ b!n, chùa là m⇣t toà tháp nhi⇠u ⌅ó v n n⌦i ⌅c. tng.

"Miraculously, the rusty old boat actually "A pagoda is essentially a tiered tower." stayed afloat."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #24 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: THIEN MU PAGODA 4 Did you Know?

Chùa Thiên M l⇥y tên t⇤ truy⌅n thuy⇧t, k⌃ v⌅ m⌥t bà lão ã ⇧n ó và nói v i m⌦i ng↵i rng ti chính n✏i ây s⇣ có m⌥t ngôi chùa Ph⌘t ↵✓c xây c⇥t b◆i m⌥t v chúa. Thiên M có ngha là "Bà lão t⇤ trên Thiên ình," và cho là ↵✓c t b◆i Chúa Nguy⌫n Hoàng khi ông cho d⇠ng chùa. Ngôi ⌅n ban ⇡u ↵✓c xây d⇠ng khá ✏n s✏ vào n⇢m 1601, nh↵ng chúa Nguy⌫n ã cho m◆ r⌥ng chùa vào n⇢m 1665. Nhi⌅u v hoàng ⇧ khác sau ó ã cho m◆ r⌥ng và tu to chùa, khi⇧n nó càng tr◆ nên to l n và hùng v h✏n x↵a.

Thien Mu Pagoda gets its name from the story of an elderly woman who reportedly came to the place where the temple stands and told people that there would one day be a Buddhist pagoda there that would be built by a lord. The pagoda's name means "Heavenly Lady," a name that was supposedly chosen by Lord Nguyen Hoang when he had the temple built. The original temple, built in 1601, was very simple, but the lord ordered it to be expanded in 1665. Various emperors also expanded it through the years, making it larger and more and more impressive over time.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #24 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: THIEN MU PAGODA 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S1 #25 Top 10 Vietnamese Tourist Destinations: Ha Long Bay

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 25

1. Vnh H⇥ Long

2. Vnh H⇥ Long n⇤m ⌅ phía ⇧ông B⌃c Vi⌥t Nam bên trong Vnh B⌃c B. ⇧i m ⌦↵n du lch hp dn này bao gm g✏n 2.000 hòn ⌦⇣o l⌘n nh✓ khi↵n H⇥ Long là mt n◆i l˝ t⌅ng ⌦ th⌅ng thc v ⌦⌫p c⇠a thiên nhiên. Kho⇣ng 1.000 hòn ⌦⇣o t⇥i H⇥ Long ⌦ã ⌦⇡c ⌦⇢t tên. Các hòn ⌦⇣o ⌦u có cu t⇥o b⇤ng phi↵n th⇥ch ho⇢c ⌦á vôi. Vnh H⇥ Long và mt lo⇥t các hòn ⌦⇣o t⌧ nhiên n◆i ⌦ây ⌦ã ⌦⇡c ghi vào danh sách nhng Di S⇣n Th↵ Gi⌘i ⌦⇡c công b b⌅i UNESCO.

3. Vnh H⇥ Long quan trng vì nhiu l˝ do, mt trong s ⌦ó là s⌧ ⌦a d⇥ng sinh hc t⇥i n◆i ⌦ây. Khu v⌧c này là ⌦i m phân k c⇠a nhiu h⌥ sinh thái bao gm rt nhiu loài ⌦ng th⌧c v!t, mt vài loài trong s ⌦ó ⌦ang có nguy c◆ b tuy⌥t ch⇠ng. Nhng du khách yêu thích thiên nhiên và mun tìm ki↵m s⌧ ⌦a d⇥ng t⌧ nhiên s" có th chiêm ng#ng các r⇥n san hô, r$ng ⌦✏m l✏y, và th!m chí c⇣ r$ng nhi⌥t ⌦⌘i c%ng nh hàng ngàn h⌥ th⌧c v!t và ⌦ng v!t khác nhau.

4. N⇤m trong Vnh H⇥ Long là mt h⌥ thng các hang ⌦ng và rt nhiu th⌃ng c⇣nh ⌦a cht. Các nhà khoa hc nghiên cu các m⇣ng ki↵n t⇥o c⇠a Trái ⇧t ⌦ã làm vi⌥c t⇥i khu v⌧c này trong nhiu n&m b⌅i vì cách mà các m⇣ng ki↵n t⇥o di chuy n trong khu v⌧c ⌦ã ti↵t l thông tin v hàng ngàn n&m lch s' phát tri n c⇠a Trái ⇧t.

5. Rt nhiu hòn ⌦⇣o trong Vnh H⇥ Long ⌦⇡c ⌦⇢t tên theo hình d⇥ng c⇠a chúng. Hòn ⇧✏u Ng(i rt phù h⇡p v⌘i tên c⇠a nó, c%ng nh Hòn Rng và Hòn ⇧ôi Gà (Hòn Trng Mái). Các ⌦i m du lch khác trong Vnh H⇥ Long là Núi Bài Th◆, v⌘i rt nhiu bài th◆ v các nhân v!t lch s' ⌦⇡c kh⌃c trên ⌦ây, và Vân ⇧n, mt th◆ng c⇣ng n◆i các tàu buôn hay lu t⌘i vào th(i xa.

ENGLISH

1. Ha Long Bay

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #25 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: HA LONG BAY 2 2. Ha Long Bay is located in the northeastern part of Vietnam in the Gulf of Tonkin. The popular tourist destination comprises almost two thousand spectacular islands that make it an incredible place to enjoy nature's beauty. About a thousand of the islands in Ha Long Bay have names. The islands are all made of either schist or limestone. Ha Long Bay and its naturally beautiful series of stone islands are on the list of World Heritage sites published by UNESCO.

3. Ha Long Bay is important for a variety of reasons, one of which is the biological diversity that is present there. The region is a convergence of several ecosystems, so it includes many species, some of which are nearing extinction. Nature lovers who are looking for natural variety will be able to see coral reefs, swampy forests, and even tropical forests, as well as thousands of different kinds of flora and fauna.

4. Within Ha Long Bay there is also a series of caves and plenty of geological splendor to enjoy. Scientists researching the earth's tectonic plates have been studying the region for a long time because the way the plates have been shifting in the area has revealed details about thousands of years of history.

5. Many of the islands in Ha Long Bay get their names from the shape of the island. Man's Head Island is aptly named, as are Dragon Island and Pair of Roosters Island. Other points of interest in Ha Long Bay are Poem Mountain, which has numerous poems about historical figures engraved on it, and Van Don, which was where commercial ships used to come into port long ago.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English

h⌥ th⌧c v!t flora

phân k divergence

h⌥ sinh thái ecosystem

phi↵n th⇥ch schist

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #25 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: HA LONG BAY 3 phù h⇡p aptly

gà rooster

tuy⌥t ch⇠ng extinct

bao gm comprise

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Tht tuy⇥t v⇤i khi ⌅⇧⌃c ⌅⌥n tham quan Mt s⌘ n⇣i trên th⌥ gi↵i là ⌅i⌦m phân k✓ nhng ⌅ a ⌅i⌦m m↵i và ⌅⇧⌃c chiêm c◆a các nn vn hoá.

ng⇧ng h⇥ thc vt và ⌅ng vt t✏i n⇣i "Cultural divergence is taking place in ⌅ó. some parts of the world." "It is incredible to visit a new place and take in the flora and fauna."

Chúng ta phi l⇧u ˝ không làm t⌫n h✏i h⇥ Phi⌥n th✏ch là mt lo✏i ⌅á bi⌥n ch⇠t giàu sinh thái c◆a th⌥ gi↵i. tài nguyên.

"We must be careful not to damage the "Schist is a type of mineral-rich world's ecosystems." metamorphic rock."

Mt s⌘ n⇣i trên th⌥ gi↵i ⌅⇧⌃c ⌅⇡t tên phù Ng⇧⇤i dân vùng nông thôn th⇧⇤ng th⌧c h⌃p v↵i v⇢ ⌅p c◆a chúng. dy trong ti⌥ng gà gáy.

"Some parts of the world are aptly named "Rural residents often used to wake up to for their beauty." the sound of roosters crowing."

áng bun là có r⇠t nhiu loài ⌅ng vt Th⌥ gi↵i bao gm nhiu nn vn hoá ⌅ã b tuy⇥t ch◆ng. khác nhau.

"Sadly, a number of animal species are "The world is comprised of many different now extinct." cultures."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #25 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: HA LONG BAY 4 Did you Know?

Các cuc khai qu⇥t kh⇤o c⌅ ⇧ã tìm ⇧⌃⌥c bng ch ng rng V⌦nh H↵ Long là mt trong nhng ni ⇧u tiên trên th✏ gi⇣i mà n⌘n v✓n minh nhân lo↵i có th◆ ⇧⌃⌥c truy t⇣i. Các nhà ⇧⌦a cht ⇧ã truy ngun gc c⌫a khu v⇠c t⇣i t⇥n n✓m 570.000.000 Tr⌃⇣c Công Nguyên, vào k⇡ Cambrian. Vào th⇢i gian này, v⌦nh ⇧ang tr⇤i qua mt ⇧⌥t xói mòn, nh⌃ng v⌘ sau, nó b⌦ ng⇥p n⌃⇣c và bi✏n thành mt vùng v⌦nh. Vào n✓m 400.000.000 Tr⌃⇣c Công Nguyên, khu v⇠c này là mt vùng bi◆n sâu, nên có th◆ tìm thy rt nhi⌘u bng ch ng v⌘ s⇠ di chuy◆n các l⇣p ki✏n t↵o trong khu v⇠c v⌘ th⇢i k này. Các ng⌧n núi ⇧ã ⇧⌃⌥c t↵o d⇠ng bi nhng di chuy◆n l⇣p ki✏n t↵o cho ⇧✏n h✏t th⇢i k. Ngày nay, tt c⇤ nhng ng⌧n núi ⇧ó ⇧⌘u là các hòn ⇧⇤o v⇣i các hang ⇧ng ⇧⌃⌥c t↵o nên bi nhng di chuy◆n liên tc c⌫a l⇣p ki✏n t↵o.

Archeological digs have uncovered evidence that Ha Long Bay is one of the earliest places where human civilization can be found. Geologists have traced the region's history all the way back to five hundred and seventy million BC, which was known as the Cambrian era. During this time, the bay was a landmass undergoing erosion, but toward the end of this span, it became flooded and actually turned into a bay. In four hundred million BC, the area was a deep sea, so there is a lot of evidence of tectonic movement in the region during this time span. Mountains were created by all of this shifting toward the end of the time period. Today all of those mountains are islands with caves that were formed by continuous tectonic shifting.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S1 #25 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: HA LONG BAY 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #1 Top 10 Vietnamese Tourist Destinations: My Son Sanctuary

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 1

1. Thánh ⇥a M⇤ S⌅n

2. Thánh ⇥a M⇤ S⌅n là m⇧t t⌃ h⌥p gm nhi u ngôi n Hindu ⌦⌥c xây d↵ng t nhng nm 300 ✏n 1300 Sau Công Nguyên. Trong nhng nm ó, thung l⇣ng này ã ⌦⌥c s⌘ d✓ng ◆ ti✏n hành nhi u nghi l tôn giáo quan trng. Các v⇥ vua Chm Pa ã xây d↵ng nhng ngôi n ó, nh⌦ng hu h✏t trong s⌫ ó ngày nay ã b⇥ ⌃ nát ít nh⇠t là m⇧t phn, ho⇡c ã b⇥ b⇢ hoang. T⇠t c các ngôi n u th⌧ Shiva, v⇥ thn hu dit ca ng⌦⌧i Hindu.

3. Thánh ⇥a cách không xa Duy Phú, m⇧t xã thu⇧c t nh Qung Nam Vit Nam. !ây có th◆ là khai qu"t kho c⌃ hc ca c⇧ng ng dân c⌦ ã sinh s⌫ng lâu ⌧i nh⇠t t#i !ông D⌦⌅ng, m⇡c dù r⇠t nhi u d⇠u tích còn sót l#i t hàng th✏ k tr⌦$c ã b⇥ hu dit b%i các cu⇧c không kích trong Chi✏n tranh Vit Nam. Th"m chí ngày nay v&n còn m⇧t s⌫ khu v↵c nguy hi◆m xung quanh thánh ⇥a b%i ng⌦⌧i dân % ây tin r'ng v&n còn m⇧t s⌫ mìn ch⌦a phát n⌃ và ã ⌦⌥c b⇢ l#i b%i quân ⇧i M⇤.

4. Thánh ⇥a M⇤ S⌅n là m⇧t trong nhng ngôi n Hindu quan trng nh⇠t % khu v↵c !ông Nam Á. UNESCO ã b⌃ sung M⇤ S⌅n vào danh sách Di sn Th✏ gi$i ca h nm 1999. T⌃ng c⇧ng có h⌅n 70 ngôi m⇧ và ngôi n ⌦⌥c ⇡t t#i ây, t⇠t c u có niên #i khác nhau kéo dài c nghìn nm. Các n( l↵c ph✓c hi m⇧t s⌫ ngôi n t#i ây ã ⌦⌥c kh%i công k◆ t nm 1930.

5. Có r⇠t nhi u toà nhà và l⌫i ki✏n trúc ⌦⌥c th◆ hin t#i Thánh ⇥a M⇤ S⌅n, và các nhà s⌘ hc ã có th◆ truy g⌫c l⇥ch s⌘ ca ng⌦⌧i Chm Pa qua m(i tng l$p ca thánh ⇥a này.

ENGLISH

1. My Son Sanctuary

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #1 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: MY SON SANCTUARY 2 2. My Son Sanctuary is a group of Hindu temples that were built between the 300s and 1300s AD. During these years, the valley was used for many important religious ceremonies. The Champa kings built the temples, most of which today are at least partially ruined, if not abandoned. All of them are dedicated to Shiva the Hindu god of destruction.

3. The sanctuary sits not far from Duy Phu, a village in the Vietnamese province of Quang Nam. It may be the archeological dig that has been inhabited for the longest in Indochina, although much of what was left from centuries ago was destroyed by air raids during the Vietnam War. Even today there is still a danger in some of the area around the sanctuary because it is believed that there are still some land mines that have not been exploded that were left behind by the U.S. military.

4. My Son Sanctuary is one of the most important Hindu temples in all of Southeast Asia. UNESCO added it to its list of World Heritage sites in 1999. In all there are more than seventy tombs and temples located in the century, all with dates that vary widely over a span of a thousand years. Restoration efforts on some of these temples have been underway since the 1930s.

5. There are many different building and architectural styles present in My Son Sanctuary, and historians have been able to trace the history of the Champa people through this sanctuary and its different layers.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

Thánh ⇥a sanctuary noun

Ngôi n temple noun

!⌃ nát ruined adjective

Ph✓c hi restoration noun

Ngôi m⇧ tomb noun

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #1 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: MY SON SANCTUARY 3 Phát n⌃ explode verb

Sinh s⌫ng inhabit verb

ki✏n trúc architecture

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Nhng ng⇥⇤i dân t⌅ n⇧n ch⇧y ⌃⌥n thánh Các ngôi ⌃⌦n ⌃⇥↵c xây d ng ⌃ tôn vinh ⌃⌅a ⌃ tìm ki⌥m s an toàn. nhi⌦u v⌅ thn linh trong sut chi⌦u dài

l⌅ch s. "The refugees ran to a place of sanctuary to find safety." "Temples have been built in honor of various gods throughout history."

Toà nhà ⌃✏ nát v⇣n còn s⌘p ⌃✏ m✓t n◆m M✓t ch⇥ng trình ph⌘c hi toàn din ⌃ã sau v⌘ ⌃ánh bom. bi⌥n công trình này tr⌫ l⇧i nh⇥ x⇥a.

"The ruined building was still crumbling a "A complete restoration turned the year after the bombing." structure back into the way it once was."

Nhng ngôi m✓ n⇠m gi bí m⇡t không Khi qu⇢ bom phát n✏, ⌃t ⌃á b⌅ v◆ng ⌃i ⌃⇥↵c l⇥u truy⌦n hàng tr◆m n◆m. kh⇠p ni.

"The tombs held secrets that went untold "When the bomb exploded, the debris for centuries." went flying everywhere."

⌧ã có ng⇥⇤i sinh sng ⌫ khu v c này rt Nhi⌦u thành ph ⌃⇥↵c bi⌥t ⌃⌥n vi nhng lâu tr⇥c khi ng⇥⇤i ⌃⌅nh c⇥ da tr⇠ng ⌃⌥n li ki⌥n trúc c⌘ th.

ni ⌃ây. "Many cities are known for specific types of "The people inhabited the region long architecture." before white settlers came."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #1 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: MY SON SANCTUARY 4 Did you know?

Mt ⇥iêu kh⇤c trên bia ⇥á t⌅i Thánh ⇥⇧a M⌃ S⌥n k mt câu chuy n gi⌦i thích l˝ do có r↵t nhiu ngôi ⇥n ⇥c xây c↵t t⌅i ⇥ây. L✏i kh⇤c có ˝ ban phúc cho khu v⇣c này, nói v⌘i ng✏i ⇥✓c r◆ng nhng ⇥iu tt x⌦y ⇥n cho nhng k⌫ tàn phá ngôi ⇥n này s⇠ thuc v v⇧ vua ⇥ã cho kh⇤c l✏i d⌅y và t↵t c⌦ nhng vi c x↵u x⌦y ⇥n cho v⇧ vua ⇥ó s⇠ thuc v chúng. L✏i kh⇤c còn nói r◆ng nu khu v⇣c này ⇥c b⌦o t⇡n chu ⇥áo, m✓i vi c tt s⇠ thuc v nhng ng✏i ⇥ã ⇥✓c nó. Sau ngày bia ⇥á này ⇥c kh⇤c ghi, thánh ⇥⇧a ⇥ã tr⇢ thành mt trong các trung tâm tôn giáo quan tr✓ng nh↵t ca Ch⌧m Pa trong nhiu th k.

An interesting engraving on a stele at My Son Sanctuary tells a little story about why there are so many different temples there. The engraving places a sort of blessing on the area, telling the reader that the good deeds of those who destroy the temple there will belong to the king who commissioned the engraving and all of the king's bad deeds would belong to them. The engraving goes on to say that if the area is properly maintained, all the good deeds will belong to those who read it. After the date of that engraving, it became one of the most important religious centers in Champa for many centuries.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #1 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: MY SON SANCTUARY 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #2 Top 10 Vietnamese Tourist Destinations: Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 2

1. V⇥n qu⇤c gia Phong Nha – K⌅ Bàng

2. V⇥n qu⇤c gia Phong Nha – K⌅ Bàng ⇧⌃t t⌥i trung tâm Tnh Qu ng Bình n⌦m cách th↵ ⇧ô Hà Ni c↵a Vit Nam kho ng 300 d⌃m v phía nam. Khu v⇥n n⌦m ✏ khu v⇣c núi ⇧á vôi ti⌘p giáp Khu b o t✓n Thiên nhiên Hin Namno c↵a Là UNESCO ⇧ã cho Phong Nha – K⌅ Bàng vào danh sách Di s n Th⌘ gi◆i c↵a h nm 2003.

3. V⇥n qu⇤c gia này ni ti⌘ng v◆i nh⌫ng hang ⇧ng, v◆i tng s⇤ hang ⇧ng lên ⇧⌘n 300. ⇠ng Phong Nha ⇧⇡c nhiu ng⇥i coi là hang ⇧ng k⇢ v nh⌧t th⌘ gi◆i b✏i nh⌫ng kh⇤i th⌥ch nh k⇢ o ⇧⇡c tìm th⌧y trong ⇧ó. ⇠ng còn cha mt h th⇤ng sông ngm dài nh⌧t trên th⌘ gi◆i và nh⌫ng b⇥ cát rng và ⇧ p nh⌧t. Mt hang quan trng khác trong h th⇤ng k⇢ v này là Hang S!n ⇠oòng, hin ⇧ã ⇧⇡c công nh"n là hang ⇧ng l◆n nh⌧t trên th⌘ gi◆i. Hang ⇧⇡c phát hin vào nm 2009.

4. R⌧t nhiu di ch kh o c t# Th⇥i ⇧⌥i ⇠✓ ⇧á m◆i ⇧ã chng minh r⌦ng loài ng⇥i ⇧ã s⇤ng trong hang ⇧ng hàng th⌘ k$. Các vn t⇣ kh%c Chm Pa ⇧⇡c tìm th⌧y trên bàn th⇥ và bia ⇧á trong hang ⇧ng cho th⌧y r⌦ng các hang ⇧ng này cng ⇧ã có ng⇥i sinh s⇤ng trong hàng trm nm. ⇠i&n tích vn hc ⇧u tiên v h th⇤ng hang ⇧ng ⇧⇡c vi⌘t vào nm 1550 b✏i mt ng⇥i Vit Nam. Hang này còn ⇧⇡c v' trên chín chi⌘c bình ⇧⌃t trong ⇧⌥i ni Hu⌘.

5. R#ng K⌅ Bàng cng là mt phn c↵a V⇥n qu⇤c gia Phong Nha – K⌅ Bàng. Ngoài h th⇤ng ⇧ng, còn có hàng ch(c ngn núi và ⇧)a hình carxt!. Carxt! ✏ ⇧ây ⇧ã ⇧⇡c hình thành r⌧t ch"m theo th⇥i gian, trong vòng 400 triu nm. * ⇧ây còn có r⌧t nhiu su⇤i và các khu v⇣c khác trên m⌃t ⇧⌧t cho du khách khám phá.

ENGLISH

1. Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #2 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: PHONG NHA-KE BANG 2 NATIONAL PARK 2. Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park is located in the middle of Quang Binh Province, about three hundred miles south of the Vietnamese capital of Hanoi. It sits in a limestone zone on the edge of the Hin Namno Nature Reserve in Laos. UNESCO added the park to its list of World Heritage Sites in 2003.

3. The park is probably best known for its grottos and caves, of which there are about three hundred. The Phong Nha cave is considered by many to be the most spectacular cave of all because of the interesting rock formations that are found inside of it. The cave also contains the longest subterranean river in the world and the largest and finest cave beaches. Another important cave within this massive system is Son Doong Cave, which is now ranked as the largest cave in the world. It was discovered in 2009.

4. Many artifacts from the Neolithic Age prove that humans have lived in the caves for centuries. The Champa inscriptions located on the altars and steles inside the caves also show that for centuries, the caves had inhabitants. The first literary reference to the cave system was made in 1550, when a Vietnamese man wrote about it. The cave was also shown on nine urns in the citadel at Hue.

5. The Ke Bang Forest is also part of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park. Outside the cave system, there are dozens of mountains and karstic terrain. The karst has been there for four hundred million years, forming very slowly over time. There are also plenty of streams and other areas to explore above ground.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

Khu b o t✓n reserve noun

Bình urn noun

Ngm subterranean (underground) noun

C dân inhabitant noun

vn hc literary noun

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #2 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: PHONG NHA-KE BANG 3 NATIONAL PARK bàn th⇥ altar

carxt! karst

bia stele noun

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Khu bo t⇥n thiên nhiên là m⇤t n⌅i l˝ Chi↵c bình ⌥ng di ct ca b m✏ cô.

t⇧⌃ng ⌥ th⇧ giãn và chiêm ng⇧ ng ⌥⇤ng "The urns held the remains of her parents." v⌦t hoang dã.

"The nature reserve was the perfect place to relax and enjoy wildlife."

các l⇣ ng⌘m d⇧✓i m◆t ⌥t là ch⇣ trn l˝ Nhng c⇧ dân ⌥⌘u tiên ca khu vc t⇧⌃ng ca các loài ⌥⇤ng v⌦t. không ging nhng ng⇧i hi⌫n ⌥ang sinh

sng t⇠i n⌅i ⌥ây. "Underground holes are the perfect place for animals to hide." "The region's first inhabitants were unlike the people who live there now."

Cô y ⌥ã không b⇡ qua nhng ⌥in tích H⌘u nh⇧ toàn b⇤ xã h⇤i ph⇧⌅ng Tây ⌥ã v⇢n hc ⌥⇧⌧c s dng trong cu⇤c ⌥àm không còn s dng ⌥↵n bàn th.

tho⇠i. "Most of Western society does not employ "She did not dismiss the literary reference the use of an altar any longer." in the conversation."

Carxt⌅ là m⇤t lo⇠i hình ⌥a cht. V c⌅ bn, bia là m⇤t tng ⌥á ⌥⇧⌧c dng

lên ⌥ t⇧⌃ng ni⌫m m⇤t s ki⌫n nào ⌥ó. "Karsts are a type of geologic formation." "A stele is basically a stone that has been set up as a monument."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #2 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: PHONG NHA-KE BANG 4 NATIONAL PARK Did you know?

Các khi th⇥ch nh⇤ trong ⌅⇧ng Phong Nha có r⌃t nhi⌥u tên gi thú v tu⌦ theo hình d⇥ng c↵a chúng. Du khách có th chiêm ngng "S t✏," "Ngai vàng," "Tiên ⌅⇧ng" và "⇣⌘c Ph✓t" ngay t⇥i n◆i ⌅ây. Các mng ⌅á và nh⇤ ⌅á dng nh s ánh lên khi b⇥n càng ⌅i xa vào trong ⌅⇧ng. Có m⇧t vài gi⌫ thuy⇠t v⌥ tên gi c↵a vn quc gia. M⇧t s ngi tin r⇡ng tên gi "Phong Nha" b⇢t ngun t⌧ "rng gió," mô t⌫ hin tng gió thi t⌧ trong ⌅⇧ng ra và ⌅i qua nh ng mng ⌅á và nh⇤ ⌅á trông nh hàm rng.

The rock formations inside the Phong Nha cave have many interesting names based on their shapes. A visitor can see "The Lion," "The Royal Court," "The Fairy Caves," and "The Buddha" all in one place. The stalagmites and stalactites seem to glitter more the farther you go into the cave. There are a couple of theories about how the park got its name. Some believe that the words originate from other words that mean "wind tooth," which would be a reference to the airflow coming out of the caves and passing by the stalagmites and stalactites, which look like teeth.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #2 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: PHONG NHA-KE BANG 5 NATIONAL PARK LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #3 Top 10 Vietnamese Tourist Destinations: Nha Trang

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 3

1. Nha Trang

2. Nha Trang nm bên b⇥ Bi⇤n ⌅ông (Bi⇤n Nam Trung Hoa) t⇧i T⌃nh Khánh Hoà c⌥a Vit Nam. Thành ph là m⌦t trong nh↵ng i⇤m du lch bi⇤n hp d✏n nht c⌥a qu c gia này, và rt nhi⇣u du khách ba lô thích ⌘n th✓m n◆i ây ⇤ tn hng không khí ngoài tr⇥i trên các ⌃nh núi ch⇧y song song v⌫i thành ph . Thành ph còn là nhà c⌥a nhi⇣u công viên n⌫c và công viên gi⇠i trí và có th⇤ d⇡ dàng ⌘n th✓m nhi⇣u hòn ⇠o.

3. Trong ph⇢n l⌫n lch s c⌥a mình, thành ph ch⌃ là m⌦t khu ⌧ng quê hoang dã, nhng vào ⇢u th⌘ k 20, Nha Trang d⇢n tr nên ni ti⌘ng cho ⌘n khi thành ph tr thành t⌃nh l c⌥a T⌃nh Khánh Hoà. Ngày nay, thành ph này là m⌦t thánh a nh⌦n nhp hp d✏n du khách v⌫i rt nhi⇣u ho⇧t ⌦ng vui ch◆i liên quan ⌘n n⌫c, nh l⌫t ván, l n bình ôxy và du thuy⇣n bu⌧m. Khu v!c này ón rt nhi⇣u gió, khi⌘n tt c⇠ các ho⇧t ⌦ng trên tr nên tht hoàn h⇠o cho m⌦t kì ngh⌃ t⇧i n◆i ây.

4. Ngoài các ho⇧t ⌦ng vui ch◆i n⌫c, còn có rt nhi⇣u i⇤m hp d✏n du khách t⇧i n◆i ây. M⌦t ho⇧t ⌦ng khác mà du khách có th⇤ th s"c là Tic tho⇠ s"c u ng trên Du thuy⇣n. M⌦t du thuy⇣n trên Sông Cái s# a du khách ⌘n th✓m và khám phá nh↵ng hòn ⇠o g⇢n ó. $ Nha Trang còn có m⌦t vin h⇠i d◆ng h%c rt l⌫n, cho phép du khách có th⇤ chiêm ng&ng hàng tr✓m loài sinh vt ⇧i d◆ng qu˝ hi⌘m.

5. Rt nhi⇣u ho⇧t ⌦ng l⌫n ã 'c t ch"c t⇧i Nha Trang. L⇡ h⌦i Bi⇤n 'c t ch"c hai n✓m m⌦t l⇢n t⇧i ây mà các du khách rt nên tham d!. Hoa hu Hoàn v( 2008 và Hoa hu Trái ⌅t 2010 c(ng 'c t ch"c t⇧i ây, và thành ph ã 'c ch%n ⇤ t ch"c ⌅⇧i h⌦i Th⇤ thao Bãi bi⇤n châu Á 2016.

ENGLISH

1. Nha Trang

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #3 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: NHA TRANG 2 2. Nha Trang sits on the South China Sea in Khanh Hoa Province in Vietnam. The city is one of the most popular beach destinations in the country, and many backpackers also enjoy going there to enjoy the great outdoors in the mountains that run alongside the city. It is also home to several water parks and amusement parks and has easy access to a number of islands.

3. For much of its history, the city was home to nothing but wildlife, but in the early part of the twentieth century, the city began to rise to a place of prominence until it became the capital of Khanh Hoa Province. Today it is a bustling tourist mecca with plenty of water- centric activities, like kite boarding, scuba diving, and sailing. There is plenty of wind in the area, which makes all of these activities the perfect way to spend a vacation there.

4. Aside from water activities, there are also a number of other tourist attractions there. Another activity some tourists decide to check out is the All You Can Drink Party Boat. A boat tour on the Cai River will take travelers to a number of the nearby islands so that they can go exploring. There is also a large aquarium in Nha Trang, which allows visitors to see hundreds of different types of rare sea creatures.

5. A number of major events have been held in Nha Trang. The Sea Festival is held there biennially, and tourists are encouraged to participate in that. Miss Universe 2008 and Miss Earth 2010 were also held there, and the city has been selected to host the 2016 Asian Beach Games.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

Du khách ba lô backpacker noun

Ni ti⌘ng prominence adjective

Gi⇠i trí amusement noun

Thánh a mecca noun

Nh⌦n nhp bustle noun

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #3 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: NHA TRANG 3 Bình ôxy scuba noun

⌅⇧i d◆ng oceanic noun

Vin h⇠i d◆ng h%c aquarium noun

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Nhng ng⇥⇤i du khách ba lô ti⌅n vào Ông ta tr⇧ nên n⌃i ti⌅ng, và cu⌥i cùng ã vùng mênh mông hoang dã. nh m ch⌦c t⌃ng th⌥ng ⇧ t↵m tu⌃i 40.

"The backpackers set out across the great "The man rose to prominence, finally wilderness." becoming president in his 40s."

⌦a bé ngi ngm ng⇥⇤i àn ông kêu Trung tâm mua sm này ⇥c coi là nhng ti⌅ng k✏ d⇣, d⇥⇤ng nh⇥ ch⌘ v✓i m◆c thánh ⇣a mua sm ca th⌅ gi✓i.

ích gii trí. "The mall was considered to be the "The child sat and watched the man make shopping mecca of the world." odd sounds, seemingly for his own amusement."

Cu⌫c s⌥ng thành ph⌥ nh⌫n nh⇣p không L⇠n bình ôxy là cách t⌥t nh⇡t ⇢ ngm phi là th⌦ mà c u bé nhà quê mong rn san hô Great Barrier.

mu⌥n. "Scuba diving is a great way to see the "The bustling city life was not what the Great Coral Reef." country boy wanted."

M⌫t s⌥ sinh v t i d⇥⌧ng ang nhanh Vin hi d⇥⌧ng hc là nhà ca r⇡t nhiu chóng lâm vào tình trng tuyt chng. loài cá.

"Some types of oceanic creatures are "The aquarium was home to numerous becoming extinct quickly." species of fish."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #3 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: NHA TRANG 4 Did you know?

Nhng du khách tìm ki⇥m m⇤t ⌅⇧a ⌅i⌃m th⌥ giãn có th⌃ ⌅⇥n Sui n⌥ c nóng Tháp Bà, tên ti⇥ng Anh là “Lady Tower Hot Spring”. Khu ngh⌦ d⌥↵ng cho phép du khách ⌅⌥c th⌥ giãn trong bn tm bùn ho✏c ngâm mình trong sui n⌥ c khoáng t⇣ nhiên. Công ty qu⌘n l˝ khu ngh⌦ d⌥↵ng cho r✓ng dòng n⌥ c trong sui n⌥ c nóng này có th⌃ giúp cha nhi◆u loi bnh, bao gm viêm thp kh p, lao x⌥⌫ng và các loi bnh khác. Dòng n⌥ c ⌅⌥c cho là s⇠ kích thích các dây th⇡n kinh trong c⌫ th⌃, to ph⌘n ⇢ng lên ⌅⇥n tn não b⇤. N⌥ c khoáng ⌅⌥c cho là giúp t⌧ng c⌥ng h min d⇧ch và c⌘i thin các vn ⌅◆ v◆ h th⇡n kinh.

Those looking for a bit of refreshment might check out Thap Ba Hot Spring, also known as Lady Tower Hot Spring. The spa allows travelers to relax in a mud bath or swim in hot mineral springs. The company that manages the spa claims that the waters of the hot springs can help with a number of health problems, including rheumatoid arthritis, bone tuberculosis, and other ailments. The water supposedly stimulates the nerves in the body, causing reactions that reverberate all the way up to the brain. The mineral waters are also said to help boost the immune system and help with nervous system problems.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #3 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: NHA TRANG 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #4 Top 10 Vietnamese Tourist Destinations: Mui Ne

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 4

1. Mi Né

2. Mi Né là m⇥t trong nh⇤ng khu du l⌅ch bi⇧n ⌃⌥c ⌥a chu⇥ng nh t t⌦i Vi↵t Nam. Mi Né nm vùng ⌃ông nam quc gia, t⌦i t✏nh Bình Thu⇣n và cách Phan Thi⌘t không xa. Mi Né ⌃⌥c d⌥ lu⇣n bi⌘t ⌃⌘n vào n✓m 1995 khi r t nhi◆u du khách ⌃ã ⌃⌘n ⌃ây ⌃⇧ chiêm ng⌥ng nh⇣t thc toàn phn (m⌫t tr✓ng ✓n m⌫t tr⇠i). Tr⌥⇡c ⌃ó, n⇢i ⌃ây ch✏ là m⇥t ngôi làng ⌃ánh cá yên bình.

3. Có r t nhi◆u ho⌦t ⌃⇥ng vui ch⇢i n⌥⇡c t⌦i Mi Né, bao gm l⌥⇡t ván và l⌥⇡t ván dù, là nh⇤ng trò ch⇢i r t ⌃⌥c yêu thích ⌃ây bi vì nh⇤ng làn gió r t m⌦nh th⌧i ⌃⌘n t bi⇧n kh⇢i. L⌥⇡t ván cng r t thú v⌅ trong nh⇤ng ngày có sóng l⇡n. Hu h⌘t các du khách ⌃⌘n Mi Né ⌃◆u ⌃⌘n vào các tháng t 12 ⌃⌘n tháng 5.

4. ôi khi lung gió ⌃ây l⇡n ⌃⌘n mc chúng có th⇧ th⌧i bay cát b i, và vi↵c nh⇤ng cn cát và b i cát ⌃ây b⌅ cun bay ⌃i kh!p n⇢i d"c b⇠ bi⇧n trong m⇥t vài ngày có gió l⇡n là r t ph⌧ bi⌘n. Vào m⇥t vài th⇠i ⌃i⇧m nh t ⌃⌅nh trong n✓m, m⇥t s b⇠ bi⇧n th⇣m chí còn b⌅ th⌧i bay ⌃i, ch✏ ⌃⇧ l⌦i nh⇤ng ⌃ê ch!n sóng bng bê tông, m⌫c dù luôn luôn v#n s$ có ít nh t m⇥t bãi bi⇧n ⌃y cát ⌃⌥c tìm th y trong khu vc.

5. Vi↵c ⌃i l⌦i Mi Né r t ⌃⇢n gi%n bi vì t t c% m"i th ⌃◆u nm d"c trên m⇥t d%i ⌃⌥⇠ng chính. Có hàng ch c nh⇤ng ti↵m ✓n nh& ⌃⌥c dng trên d%i ⌃⌥⇠ng này và nhi◆u ho⌦t ⌃⇥ng vui ch⇢i khác n⇤a không liên quan ⌃⌘n n⌥⇡c. ⌦p xe ⌃⌦p cng là m⇥t ho⌦t ⌃⇥ng ⌃⌥c ⌥a chu⇥ng n⇢i ⌃ây, và có r t nhi◆u ⌃⌅a ⌃i⇧m du l⌅ch sinh thái ⌃⇧ khám phá xung quanh khu du l⌅ch bi⇧n này.

ENGLISH

1. Mui Ne

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #4 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: MUI NE 2 2. Mui Ne is one of the most popular beach resorts in all of Vietnam. It's located in the southeastern part of the country in Binh Thuan Province, not far from Phan Thiet. Mui Ne leapt into public view in 1995, when a large number of tourists went there to see the total solar eclipse. Prior to that, it was mainly a sleepy fishing village.

3. There are plenty of water activities available at Mui Ne, including windsurfing and kite- surfing, which are extremely popular there because the breezes are especially strong. Surfing is also fun at Mui Ne on days when the waves are especially high. Most tourists who go to Mui Ne do so between December and May.

4. Sometimes the wind is so strong that it blows the sand around, and it is very common for the dunes and the sands there to migrate along the coast during various seasons because there is so much wind. At certain times of the year, some of the beaches blow away, leaving just a concrete breakwater, although there is always at least one sandy beach that can be found in the area.

5. Getting around Mui Ne is very simple because everything is located along one main strip. There are dozens of small eateries all along the strip and plenty to do that doesn't involve the water. Bicycling is popular there, and there are a number of natural places to explore outside of the beach resort area.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

L⌥⇡t ván windsurf noun

Làn gió breeze noun

Bay migrate verb

Khám phá explore verb

xe ⌃⌦p bicycle noun

Cn cát dune noun

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #4 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: MUI NE 3 Nh⇣t thc eclipse noun

M⌫t tr⇠i solar noun

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Anh y ch⇥a ⇤i l⇥⌅t ván bao gi⇧, nh⇥ng Làn gió ⇤⌥n t⌦ bi↵n khi tht là tuyt v⌃n quy⌥t ⇤nh th nó. tr✏n.

"He had never been windsurfing before, "The breezes coming in off the ocean were but he decided to try it." heavenly."

⇣àn chim ⇤ang bay v⌘ ph⇥ng b✓c khi Khám phá mt góc th⌥ gi⌅i ni ít ng⇥⇧i giông bão ch◆n ⇤⇥⇧ng ca chúng. ⇤ã t⌦ng ⇤⌥n có th↵ là mt tri nghim

thích thú. "The birds were trying to migrate north when the storm grounded them." "It can be fun to explore a corner of the world where not many people have been."

⇣⌫p xe ⇤⌫p là mt cách rt t⇠t ⇤↵ rèn Cn cát là nh⌧ng ni tuyt v⇧i ⇤↵ ⇤i d⌫o luyn s⇡c kho⇢ và gim cân. chi.

"Bicycling is a great way to get healthy and "The dunes are a great place to go hiking." lose weight."

M◆t tr⇧i b che khut bi m◆t trng trong V⌥t sáng m◆t tr⇧i ⇤ã làm gián ⇤o⌫n liên hin t⇥ng nht th c. l⌫c thông tin trên Trái ⇣t.

"The sun went behind the moon during the "The solar flare disrupted communications eclipse." on earth."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you know?

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #4 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: MUI NE 4 Các du khách a thích phiêu lu m⇥o hi⇤m nên cân nh⌅c h⇧c l⌃t ván dù n⌥u h⇧ cha chi trò này bao gi . S⌦ luôn có nh↵ng t gió to vào khong tháng 11 ⌥n tháng 3 hàng n✏m, và vùng bi⇤n có r⇣t ít á ng⌘m, khi⌥n ni ây là ch✓ l˝ t◆ng ⇤ h⇧c môn th⇤ thao này. Các du khách có th⇤ cng s⌦ mun ⌥n th✏m các cn cát, và chi trò trt dc trên chúng. Trên ng ⌥n các cn cát, Sui Tiên cng là m⌫t i⇤m ⌥n h⇣p d⇠n mà nhi⇡u ng i coi là phiên bn thu nh⇢ ca h⌧m Grand Canyon.

Travelers who are feeling especially adventurous may want to consider taking kite-surfing lessons if they have never done it. The strong winds are practically guaranteed between November and March every year, and the water is relatively free of rocks, making it the perfect place to learn this sport. Visitors might also want to consider visiting the sand dunes, where it is possible to actually slide down the sand. On the way to the dunes, the Fairy Stream is another popular destination that many people consider to be like a miniature version of the Grand Canyon.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #4 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: MUI NE 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #5 Top 10 Vietnamese Tourist Destinations: Cat Ba Island

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 5

1. ⇥o Cát Bà

2. ⇥o Cát Bà là m⇤t ph⌅n c⇧a Qu⌅n ⌃⇥o Cát Bà, n⌥m phía ⌃ông nam V nh H⌦ Long c⇧a Vi↵t Nam. Cát Bà là hòn ⌃⇥o ln nht c⇧a hn 350 hòn ⌃⇥o t⌦o thành qu⌅n ⌃⇥o này. Chi✏m di↵n tích g⌅n m⇤t n⇣a hòn ⌃⇥o là v⌘✓n qu◆c gia, b⇥o v↵ loài Voc Cát Bà, m⇤t loài ⌃⇤ng vt b ⌃e do⌦. M⇤t trong nhng ⌃⌫c ⌃i⇠m thú v nht v⇡ khu v⇢c này là s⇢ ⌃a d⌦ng c⇧a nó, ⌃⌘c t⌦o nên bi rt nhi⇡u h↵ sinh thái t⇢ nhiên cùng chung s◆ng ni ⌃ây. Các h↵ sinh thái c⇥ trên c⌦n l⌧n d⌘i bi⇠n hoà quy↵n vào nhau, t⌦o nên m⇤t môi tr⌘✓ng ⌃⇤c nht vô nh mà rt nhi⇡u loài ⌃⇤ng vt khác nhau có th⇠ cùng sinh s◆ng.

3. Du l ch ⌃ã phát tri⇠n rt m⌦nh trên hòn ⌃⇥o này trong thp k qua, và theo ⌘c tính có hn 350.000 ng⌘✓i ⌃✏n thm Qu⌅n ⌃⇥o Cát Bà mi nm. Có hn m⇤t trm khách s⌦n ⌃⌘c li↵t kê trong danh b⌦ c⇧a hòn ⌃⇥o, và nhi⇡u hn th✏ na ⌃ang ⌃⌘c xây d⇢ng. Khu ngh d⌘!ng sinh thái Amatina ⌃ang ⌃⌘c xây d⇢ng Cát Bà và s" bao g#m m⇤t sòng b⌦c, công viên trò chi, khu du l ch và b✏n du thuy⇡n.

4. V⌘✓n Qu◆c gia Cát Bà là v⌘✓n qu◆c gia ⌃⌅u tiên c⇧a Vi↵t Nam li↵t kê nhng ⌃⇤ng vt bi⇠n và môi tr⌘✓ng s◆ng c⇧a chúng trong danh m$c ⌃⌘c b⇥o v↵. UNESCO ⌃ã ⌃⌫t v⌘✓n qu◆c gia này vào danh sách Khu D⇢ tr Nhân lo⌦i và Sinh quy⇠n Th✏ gii bi có rt nhi⇡u loài ⌃⇤ng th⇢c vt ⌃ã ⌃⌘c phát hi↵n t⌦i ⌃ây. V⌘✓n qu◆c gia bao g#m hn 1500 loài th⇢c vt và g⌅n 300 loài ⌃⇤ng vt. % vùng bi⇠n ni ⌃ây, ⌃ã có hn 900 loài cá n⌘c m⌫n ⌃⌘c tìm thy, c&ng nh⌘ g⌅n 200 loài san hô và m⇤t s◆ lo⌦i r'n, rùa và rong bi⇠n.

ENGLISH

1. Cat Ba Island

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #5 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: CAT BA ISLAND 2 2. Cat Ba Island is part of the Cat Ba Archipelago, which is on the southeastern side of Vietnam’s Ha Long Bay. The island is the biggest of the more than 350 islands that make up the archipelago. About half of the island is a national park, which protects the Cat Ba Langur, an endangered species. One of the most interesting things about this region is the extreme diversity due to the many natural ecosystems that coexist there. Both terrestrial and marine ecosystems collide, creating a unique environment where many different kinds of creatures live side by side.

3. Tourism has increased quite rapidly on the island over the last decade, and estimates indicate that over 350,000 people visit the region every year. There are more than a hundred hotels listed in the island’s directory, and even more are being built. The Amatina is also under construction, and it will include a casino, theme park, resort, and marina.

4. Cat Ba National Park was Vietnam’s first national park to actually include the marine animals and their habitat under its protection. UNESCO added the park to its list of Man and Biosphere Reserve Areas because of the many different types of plant and animal life that are found there. The park includes more than fifteen hundred types of plants and almost three hundred different species of animals. In the waters there, more than nine hundred fish can be found, as well as almost two hundred species of coral and a number of types of snakes, turtles, and seaweed.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

h↵ sinh thái ecosystem

Trên c⌦n terrestrial noun

Qu⌅n ⌃⇥o archipelago noun

⌃a d⌦ng diversity

b ⌃e do⌦ endangered

B✏n du thuy⇡n marina noun

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #5 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: CAT BA ISLAND 3 Chung s◆ng coexist verb

Sòng b⌦c casino noun

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Chúng ta phi l⇥u ˝ không làm t⇤n h⌅i h⇧ M t s⌦ loài ↵ ng vt trên c⌅n ↵ã sn bt sinh thái c⌃a th⌥ gii. và n cá trong hàng th⌥ k✏.

"We must be careful not to damage the "Some terrestrial creatures have hunted world's ecosystems." and eaten fish for centuries."

Qu⇣n ↵o này ↵⇥⌘c hình thành b✓i hàng Chúng ta nên hoan nghênh nhng s ↵a ngàn ↵o nh◆. d⌅ng tn t⌅i trên hành tinh c⌃a chúng ta.

"The archipelago was made up of "We should celebrate the diversity that thousands of small islands." exists on our planet."

Loài ↵ ng vt hoang dã b⌫ ↵e do⌅ là loài H⇡ cp b⌥n t⌅i m t b⌥n du thuy⇢n.

có nguy c⇠ b⌫ tuy⇧t ch⌃ng. "They docked at the marina." "Endangered wildlife are those in danger of being made extinct."

Các chuyên gia không cho rng loài Anh ta ↵ã ch⇠i t⌅i m t sòng b⌅c và làm ng⇥⌧i và kh⌃ng long ↵ã cùng chung mt h⌥t s⌦ ti⇢n ti⌥t ki⇧m c ↵⌧i c⌃a s⌦ng. mình.

"Experts do not think that humans and "He gambled at the casino and lost his dinosaurs coexisted." entire life savings."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you know?

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #5 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: CAT BA ISLAND 4 ⇥o Cát Bà có ngh⇤a là ”⇥o c⌅a nh⇧ng ng⌃⌥i àn bà cát,” l˝ do cho tên g i này b⌦t ngu↵n t mt truyn thuy✏t hàng tr⇣m n⇣m tr⌃⌘c. Theo truyn thuy✏t, ba ng⌃⌥i ph✓ n⇧ nhà Tr◆n ã b gi✏t và th⇥ trôi trên bin. Cui cùng xác c⌅a m⌫i ng⌃⌥i trong s h u trôi vào mt b⌥ bin và ⌃⇠c tìm th⇡y b⇢i mt ng⌃ dân. Ti m⌫i b⌥ bin, ng⌃⌥i dân u xây d⌧ng mt in th⌥ cho ng⌃⌥i ph✓ n⇧ ã trôi vào b⌥ ó. ã có bng chng v s⌧ sinh sng c⌅a con ng⌃⌥i ti hòn ⇥o này t h n 6.000 n⇣m v tr⌃⌘c, v⌘i mt s di tích li ⌃⇠c d⌧ oán là thuc v tc ng⌃⌥i ◆u tiên ã sinh sng ⇢ ph◆n này c⌅a l✓c a.

Cat Ba Island roughly translates to "sand women's island," and the reason for the name is linked to a legend that dates back centuries. The story says that three women who belonged to the Tran Dynasty were killed and left to float in the water. Eventually each of the three bodies washed up on a beach and was found by a fisherman. At each of the three beaches, the people built a temple for the woman whose body washed up there. There is evidence of people living on the island for about six thousand years, with some of the remains possibly belonging to the first group living on this part of the continent.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #5 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE TOURIST DESTINATIONS: CAT BA ISLAND 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #6 Top 10 Vietnamese Leaders: The Trung Sisters

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 6

1. Hai Bà Trng

2. Hai Bà Trng, Trng Tr⇥c và Trng Nh⇤ ⌅ã t⇧ ch⌃c m⌥t ⌅o quân l n g⌦m toàn ph↵ n vào nm 39 Sau Công Nguyên ⌅ ch✏ng li quân Trung Qu✏c ⌅ang cai tr⇤ vùng ⌅⇣t Vi⌘t Nam quê h✓ng h◆. Giành li ⌅c 65 toà thành ch trong m⌥t vài tháng, Hai Bà Trng ⌅ã ch⌃ng minh ⌅c rng h◆ x⌃ng ⌅áng v i s⌫ tôn vinh mà nhng ng⇠i dân Vi⌘t Nam dành cho h◆. Sau chi⇡n d⇤ch toàn th⇥ng này, hai ch⇤ em Bà Trng ⌅ã ⌅c tôn lên làm n hoàng c⇢a ⌅⇣t n c và ⌅ã ti⇡p t↵c kháng chi⇡n ch✏ng li nhng ⌅t t⇣n công k⇡ ti⇡p c⇢a Trung Qu✏c trong h✓n hai nm sau ⌅ó.

3. Tuy nhiên, cu⌥c kháng chi⇡n và chi⇡n th⇥ng c⇢a h◆ không kéo dài ⌅c lâu. Triu ⌅ình Trung Qu✏c ⌅ã thành l⌧p m⌥t ⌅⌥i quân r⇣t hùng h⌧u ⌅ tiêu di⌘t các chi⇡n binh bn ⌅⇤a. Th⇣t bi nhanh chóng, và b⇤ áp ⌅o v s✏ lng, các chi⇡n binh ng⇠i Vi⌘t ⌅ã th⇣t th⇢ - Không ch vì s⌃c mnh c⇢a nhng ng⇠i lính nam so v i các chi⇡n binh n gi i, mà bi vì nhng ng⇠i n binh ⌅ó không ⌅c chun b⇤ k l!ng cho chi⇡n tr⇠ng nh quân ⌅⌥i Trung Qu✏c.

4. Nh⌧n bi⇡t th⇣t bi là k⇡t c↵c t⇣t y⇡u, Hai Bà Trng ⌅ã gieo mình xu✏ng Sông Hát t⌫ t" vào nm 43 Sau Công Nguyên. Triu ⌅i cai tr⇤ c⇢a h◆ ch kéo dài trong m⌥t vài nm – t# ngày h◆ t⇧ ch⌃c ⌅⌥i quân kháng chi⇡n n binh ⌅⇡n ngày h◆ b⇤ th⇣t th⇢ tr c quân Trung Qu✏c. R⇣t nhiu ng⇠i trong ⌅⌥i n binh ⌅ã t⌫ t" theo Hai Bà,khi bi⇡t rng h◆ c$m ch⇥c cái ch⇡t ho%c là d i bàn tay c⇢a quân Trung Qu✏c, ho%c là bng chính ⌅ôi tay c⇢a mình. Và h◆ thà t⌫ sát ⌅ phn kháng h✓n là ch⇡t d i tay c⇢a ng⇠i Trung Qu✏c.

ENGLISH

1. The Trung Sisters

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #6 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: THE TRUNG SISTERS 2 2. The Trung sisters, Trung Trac and Trung Nhi, assembled a large army of women in AD 39 to challenge the Chinese unit that had taken over the area of Vietnam where they lived. Taking back about sixty-five citadels within a few months, they proved that they were worthy of the accolades given to them by the Vietnamese populace. After this successful campaign, the sisters were named queens of the country and went on to resist many subsequent Chinese attacks for over two more years.

3. However, their revolution and successes were short-lived. The Chinese government pulled together a huge army in order to defeat the native fighters. Defeat was swift, and in sheer numbers, the native fighters were overpowered—not only because of the strength of male soldiers against so many female fighters, but because the women were simply not as well-equipped for the battlefield as the Chinese army.

4. Knowing that the battle was lost, the Trung sisters committed suicide by drowning themselves in the Hat River in AD 43. Their reign as queens, from the time that they began assembling the army of women to the defeat by the Chinese, lasted a total of only a few years. Many of the members of the female army followed their lead by committing suicide, knowing that their deaths were coming at the hands of the Chinese or at their own hands. It was far more acceptable to take their own lives in battle than to allow the Chinese soldiers to kill them.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English

ng⇠i dân populace

tôn vinh accolade

toà thành citadel

nhanh chóng swift

k⇡ ti⇡p subsequent

chi⇡n d⇤ch campaign

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #6 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: THE TRUNG SISTERS 3 t⌫ t" suicide

chi⇡n tr⇠ng battlefield

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Nhng ng⇥⇤i dân vô cùng yêu m⌅n vua Các chi⌅n binh tr v nhà trong s⌦ tôn và hoàng h⇧u c⌃a h⌥. vinh.

"The populace adored their king and "The warrior arrived back home to many queen very much." accolades."

Các toà thành ↵⇥c xây d⌦ng mt cách ✏oàn quân di chuy⇣n r⌘t nhanh chóng, chi⌅n l⇥c trên toàn lãnh th. các chi⌅n binh r⌘t t✓c hành.

"The citadels were strategically located all "The army was swift, and the warriors fleet- across the land." footed."

Các ↵t t⌘n công k⌅ ti⌅p kh✓c li◆t hn Chi⌅n dch này ↵ang có nhi u di⌫n bi⌅n ↵t ↵u r⌘t nhi u. b⌘t li cho chính tr gia ↵ó.

"Subsequent attacks were much more "The campaign was not going so well for violent than the first one." the politician."

Vi◆c cô ⌘y t⌦ t⇠ ↵ã làm anh ta ↵au kh Chi⌅n tr⇥⇤ng không phi là ni dành cho ↵⌅n m⇡c anh ta t⌦ k⌅t li⌫u ↵⇤i mình ch⇢ ít tr⌧ s sinh.

lâu sau ↵ó. "The battlefield was certainly no place for "Her suicide grieved him so much that he a newborn baby." took his own life soon afterward."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you know?

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #6 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: THE TRUNG SISTERS 4 Theo truyn thuy⇥t, quân ⇤⌅i Trung Qu⇧c ⇤ã d⌃p t⌥t cu⌅c khi ngh a c⌦a các chi⇥n binh b↵n ⇤a bng cách ci trn tru✏ng ⇤ánh tr⌃n. Nhìn th⇣y các chi⇥n binh trn tru✏ng xông vào chi⇥n tr⌘✓ng ⇤ã khi⇥n các n◆ binh ph↵i b chy vì h th⌫n. Vi⇠c này khi⇥n cho s khí c⌦a quân Hai Bà Tr⌘ng b tn th⌘⇡ng nghiêm tr⇢ng và h⇢ không th nào ti⇥p t⌧c chi⇥n ⇤⇣u vi quân Trung Qu⇧c, và ⇤ã b th⇣t bi cay ⇤⌥ng. Cng theo truyn thuy⇥t là câu truy⇠n v m⌅t ng⌘✓i ph⌧ n◆ ⇤ang mang thai, Phùng Th Chinh, ng⌘✓i ⇤ã sinh con trên chi⇥n tuy⇥n nh⌘ng sau ⇤ó ⇤ã ngay l⌃p tc ti⇥p t⌧c chi⇥n ⇤⇣u, vi m⌅t tay cm ki⇥m và m⌅t tay n⌥m gi◆ ⇤a con s⇡ sinh c⌦a mình. M c dù th⇣t bi, nh⌘ng truyn thuy⇥t v cu⌅c kháng chi⇥n này v!n là m⌅t ngu✏n sc mnh cho nh◆ng ng⌘✓i ph⌧ n◆ Vi⇠t Nam ngày nay.

According to legend, the Chinese army crushed the native forces by going into battle completely naked. Seeing the fighters arrive on the battlefield unclothed sent the female fighters running from the battle in shame. This left their forces so weak that they were unable to fight the Chinese army and they were handily defeated. Also in the legend is the story of one pregnant woman, Phung Thi Chinh, who gave birth on the front line but continued to fight, with a sword in one hand and her newborn in the other. Though defeat was imminent, the legend gives strength to many Vietnamese women today.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #6 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: THE TRUNG SISTERS 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #7 Top 10 Vietnamese Leaders: Trieu Thi Trinh

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 7

1. Triu Th⇥ Trinh

2. Triu Th⇥ Trinh là m⇤t v⇥ t⌅⇧ng s⌃ng vào th⌥ k th 3 Sau Công Nguyên (225-248), ng⌅⌦i ↵ã có nhiu thành công trong cu⇤c kháng chi⌥n ch⌃ng quân ông Ngô lúc ↵ó ↵ang chi⌥m ↵óng Vit Nam.

3. Bà ↵ã tuyên b⌃ rng ↵⇤ng l✏c chính c⇣a mình là “c⌅⌘i c✓n gió m◆nh, ↵◆p lung sóng d, chém cá kình bi⌫n ông, ↵ánh ↵u⇠i quân Ngô, giành l◆i giang s✓n, ci ách nô l, ch không ch⇥u khom l⌅ng làm tì thi⌥p cho ng⌅⌦i...” Rõ ràng m⇡c ↵ích c⇣a bà v⇢a là ↵⌫ không b⇥ ph⇡ thu⇤c vào m⇤t ng⌅⌦i ↵àn ông nào, v⇢a là ↵⌫ giành l◆i quê h⌅✓ng t⇢ tay quân ↵⇥ch chi⌥m ↵óng.

4. Triu Th⇥ Trinh x ng ↵áng v⇧i nhiu truyn thuy⌥t v bà.

5. M⇤t trong nhng truyn thuy⌥t ↵ó nói bà là m⇤t ng⌅⌦i ph⇡ n cao 9 th⌅⇧c và có vú dài 3 th⌅⇧c.

6. ⌅c bi⌥t ↵⌥n v⇧i s⌧c ↵p không th⌫ k⌫ xi⌥t có th⌫ làm lay chuy⌫n linh hn c⇣a ↵àn ông, bà còn ↵⌅c nói là có th⌫ ↵i 500 dm m⇤t ngày.

7. Bà ↵⌅c nhiu ng⌅⌦i tán tnh, và sau nhiu ↵t xích mích nh⌅ v y, bà ↵ã có th⌫ t p hp m⇤t ↵⇤i quân nh! ↵⌫ t"n công quân ↵⇤i Trung Qu⌃c.

8. Anh c⇣a Triu Th⇥ Trinh ↵ã giúp s c cho bà sau khi không th⌫ làm thay ↵⇠i ˝ ↵⇥nh c⇣a bà, và nh n th"y rng m⇡c ↵ích c⇣a bà r"t cao c# và x ng ↵áng.

9. Sau khi b⇥ quân Trung Qu⌃c ↵ánh b◆i, Triu Th⇥ Trinh ↵ã t✏ sát trong ↵au kh⇠.

10. R"t nhiu các n chi⌥n binh khác c$ng t✏ sát theo g⌅✓ng bà, thay vì ph#i ch⌥t d⌅⇧i tay quân Trung Qu⌃c.

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #7 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS : TRIEU THI TRINH 2 11. Nhng k˝ c v bà v%n là m⇤t ↵i⌫m suy ng%m trong tâm trí c⇣a ph⇡ n và nam gi⇧i Vit Nam, và ↵ã thách th c s✏ th⌃ng tr⇥ c⇣a ng⌅⌦i Trung Qu⌃c trong hàng th⌥ k sau cái ch⌥t c⇣a bà.

ENGLISH

1. Trieu Thi Trinh

2. Trieu Thi Trinh was a soldier in the third century AD (225-248) who successfully resisted the Kingdom of Wu while they occupied Vietnam.

3. She stated her driving goals as being to "ride storms, kill sharks in the open sea, drive out the aggressors, reconquer the country, undo the ties of serfdom, and never bend my back to be the concubine of whatever man…" Obviously, her position was as much to keep a man from being in charge of her life as it was to gain control of her homeland from an occupying force.

4. Trieu Thi Trinh was worthy of legendary tales.

5. One such tale reported that she was a nine-foot-tall woman with three-foot breasts.

6. Known for her immeasurable beauty that could shake a man's soul, it was also claimed that she could walk five hundred leagues per day.

7. She was accosted by many men, and after these repeated altercations, she gathered together a small army under her command and set out to attack the Chinese.

8. Her brother joined her efforts after an attempt to change her mind failed, and he saw that her goal was honorable and worthwhile.

9. After the defeat by the Chinese army, Trieu Thi Trinh committed suicide in disgrace.

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #7 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS : TRIEU THI TRINH 3 10. Many of the female fighters took their own lives instead of allowing the Chinese army to kill them in battle.

11. Her memory remained a force to be reckoned with in the minds of Vietnamese women and men, and challenged the control of Chinese for centuries after her death.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

quê h⌅✓ng homeland noun

chi⌥m ↵óng occupying

nô l serfdom

tì thi⌥p concubine

không th⌫ k⌫ xi⌥t immeasurable

suy ng%m reckon

xích mích altercation

tán tnh accost

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Cô y rt mu⇥n ⇤⌅⇧c tr⌃ v⌥ quê h⌅ng Quân ⇤ i chi⌦m ⇤óng ⇤ã c⌅ x↵ rt hung mình. bo vi ng⌅i b✏n x⇣.

"She desperately wanted to go back to her "The occupying army was not kind to the homeland." native people."

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #7 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS : TRIEU THI TRINH 4 Nh⌘ng ng⌅i nô l✓ ⇤ã kh⌃i ngh◆a ch⇥ng V vua ⇤ó còn có rt nhi⌥u tì thi⌦p ngoài li vua và quân ⇤ i ca ông ta. v⇧ ca mình.

"Those living in serfdom rebelled against "The king took several concubines in the monarch and his forces." addition to his wife."

S c✏m kích ca anh ⇤⇥i vi nh⌘ng vi✓c Anh ta ngh◆ r⇠ng mình s⇡ không bao gi mà cha anh ⇤ã làm là không th⌫ k⌫ xi⌦t. g⇢p ⇤⌅⇧c ng⌅i ph n⌘ nào t⇥t nh⌅ cô y.

"His gratitude for what his father had done "He reckoned that he would never meet was immeasurable." another woman as fine as she."

⌧⇣a tr là trung tâm ca s xích mích Ng⌅i ⇤àn ông ⇤ó ⇤ã tán tnh ng⌅i ph gi⌘a hai v⇧ chng. n⌘ ⌃ trong sân, nh⌅ng cô y ⇤ã tát anh ta

m t cái và b chy. "The child was the center of the altercations between the husband and "The man accosted the woman in the wife." courtyard, but she slapped him in the face and fled."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you know?

Khi Triu Th⇥ Trinh ⇤ang chu⌅n b⇥ t⇧n công quân Trung Qu⌃c, anh c⌥a bà ⇤ã c⌃ can ngn bà làm vic này. Theo truy n thuy⌦t, bà ⇤ã ⇤áp tr↵ rng: "Tôi ch mu⌃n c✏i c⇣n gió m⌘nh, ⇤⌘p lu✓ng sóng d◆, chém cá kình  bin ông, quét s⌘ch giang s⇣n, c⌫u ng⇠i ch⌦t ⇤u⌃i. T⌘i sao tôi ph↵i b⇡t ch⇢c nh◆ng k khác, cúi ⇤⌧u khom lng làm nô l? T⌘i sao tôi ph↵i ch⇥u làm nh◆ng vic n◆ nhi thông th⇠ng?" Hin nhiên bà là mt ng⇠i có tính cách m⌘nh m mu⌃n gi↵i phóng ph n◆, ho c ít nh⇧t là b↵n thân bà, kh!i nh◆ng ⇤⇥nh ki⌦n v vai trò c⌥a ph n◆ trong xã hi t⌘i th⇠i c⌥a bà.

While Trieu Thi Trinh prepared to attack the Chinese army, her brother tried to dissuade her from the task. She reportedly replied to him as follows-"I only want to ride the wind and walk the waves, slay the big whales of the eastern sea, clean up frontiers, and save the people

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #7 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS : TRIEU THI TRINH 5 from drowning. Why should I imitate others, bow my head, and stoop over and be a slave? Why resign myself to menial housework?" Obviously she was a mover and a shaker seeking to release women, or at least herself, from the constraints of the accepted roles of women in her day.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #7 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS : TRIEU THI TRINH 6 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #8 Top 10 Vietnamese Leaders: Le Loi

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 8

1. Lê Li

2. Lê Li, ⇥⇤c bi⌅t ⇥⌅n v⇧i cái tên Lê Thái T⌃ (tên th⌥ ca ông) sau khi ông qua ⇥⌥i, là ng⇤⌥i sáng l p ra Tri⌦u ⇥↵i nhà H u Lê. Ông là hoàng ⇥⌅ ca Vit Nam t nm 1428 ⇥⌅n nm 1433. R✏t nhi⌦u ng⇤⌥i Vit Nam coi ông là m⇣t trong nh⌘ng v✓ anh hùng dân t⇣c v◆ ⇥↵i nh✏t ca ⇥✏t n⇤⇧c h. Ông có hai ng⇤⌥i anh trai, và cha ca ông là m⇣t nhà qu˝ t⇣c quan l↵i mi⌦n bc Vit Nam.

3. Lê Li ⇥ã có nhi⌦u ho↵t ⇥⇣ng n⌃i b t trong m⇣t th⌥i k⌫ khó khn lo↵n l↵c ca l✓ch s⇠ Vit Nam. Tri⌦u ⇥↵i nhà H⇡ ⇥ã l t ⇥⌃ Tri⌦u ⇥↵i nhà Tr⇢n nm 1400 và ti⌅n hành nhi⌦u thay ⇥⌃i, mc dù sau ⇥ó Tri⌦u ⇥↵i nhà H⇡ l↵i nhanh chóng b✓ ⇥ p tan bi Hoàng ⌧⌅ nhà Minh ca Trung Quc là Chu L (Minh Thành T⌃). Nhà Minh ⇥ã c gng phc h⇡i Tri⌦u ⇥↵i nhà Tr⇢n, nh⇤ng vì ng⇤⌥i tha k⌅ ngai vàng nhà Tr⇢n không còn ai, h ⇥ã áp ⇥t ch quy⌦n lên Vit Nam m⇣t l⇢n n⌘a, và t↵o l p c s ⇥ Lê Li có th n⌃i d y và ch✏m d!t s" cai tr✓ tàn khc ca nhà Minh.

4. Cu⇣c khi ngh◆a ca Lê Li chng l↵i nhà Minh bt ⇥⇢u nm 1418, và nh n ⇥⇤c s" ng h⇣ t m⇣t s gia ⇥ình qu˝ t⇣c t↵i ⇥✓a ph⇤ng ca ông. Lúc ⇥⇢u, cu⇣c khi ngh◆a ca ông có mc ⇥ích h⇡i phc n⌦n cai tr✓ ca Tri⌦u ⇥↵i nhà Tr⇢n, nh⇤ng sau m⇣t vài nm, vic ⇥t Lê Li lên ngôi báu tr thành mc tiêu ti h u. T⌃ng c⇣ng ph#i m✏t kho#ng 10 nm và r✏t nhi⌦u tr n chi⌅n Lê Li m⇧i có th giành l↵i quy⌦n ki m soát Vit Nam t tay ng⇤⌥i Trung Quc.

5. Sau khi Lê Li chính th!c tr thành hoàng ⇥⌅ Vit Nam, ông ⇥ã cho th"c hin nhi⌦u thay ⇥⌃i và h!a s$ trung thành v⇧i Trung Quc và v⇧i Tri⌦u ⇥↵i nhà Minh nh⇤ m⇣t quc gia ch⇤ h⇢u. Trong nm th⌅ k% sau ⇥ó, Trung Quc h⇢u nh⇤ không xâm h↵i gì ⇥⌅n Vit Nam.

ENGLISH

1. Le Loi

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #8 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: LE LOI 2 2. Le Loi, who was known after his death by the name Le Thai To (his temple name), was the Later Le Dynasty's founder. He was Vietnam's emperor from 1428 until 1433. Many Vietnamese consider him one of their nation's greatest heroes. He had two older brothers, and his father was an aristocratic nobleman in northern Vietnam.

3. Le Loi was very active during a troubled time in Vietnam's history. The Ho Dynasty overthrew the Tran Dynasty in 1400 and began instituting a number of changes, although the Ho Dynasty was quickly crushed by Ming Emperor Yongle from China. Ming was attempting to restore the Tran Dynasty, but since there were no heirs to the Tran throne, he exerted his own sovereignty over this part of Vietnam once again, thus setting the stage for Le Loi to step in and put a stop to the brutal rule of the Ming.

4. Le Loi's revolt against the Ming began in 1418, and a number of important families from his region also supported him. At first, his campaign was about putting the Tran Dynasty back in power, but after a few years, putting Le Loi himself in power became the ultimate goal. In all, it took ten years and countless battles for Le Loi to wrest control of Vietnam away from the Chinese.

5. After Le Loi officially became emperor of Vietnam, he made a number of changes and promised loyalty to China and the Ming Dynasty as a vassal state. For the next five centuries, China left Vietnam mostly alone.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English

sáng l p founder

quan l↵i aristocratic

nhà qu˝ t⇣c nobleman

ch quy⌦n sovereignty

giành l↵i wrest

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #8 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: LE LOI 3 ch⇤ h⇢u vassal

tri⌦u ⇥↵i dynasty

anh hùng hero

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Ng⇥i sáng l⇤p ra công ty c⌅m th⇧y t⌃ Tng lp quan li luôn coi th⇥ng giai c⇧p hào vì ông ⌥ã to nên m t t⇤p ⌥oàn nông dân.

kh⌦ng l↵. "The aristocratic people looked down on "The company's founder prided himself on the peasant class." creating a corporate giant."

Nhà qu˝ t c ⌥ã ci ng⌃a ra g✏p vua. Nhà cm quy⇣n ⌥ã áp ⌥✏t ch⌘ quy⇣n lên

nh✓ng ng⇥i mà ông ta chinh ph◆c. "The nobleman rode his horse to meet with the king." "The ruler asserted his sovereignty over the people he had conquered."

Anh ta ⌥ã có th giành li khu súng t Anh ta qu⌫ xu⇠ng trc m✏t nhà vua tay tên cp. theo ⌥úng ph⇤n s⌃ c⌘a m t ng⇥i ch

hu. "He was unable to wrest the gun away from the robber." "He bowed down low to the ground before the king, just as a vassal should."

Trung Qu⇠c ⌥ã tr⌅i qua nhi⇣u tri⇣u ⌥i L⇢ch s có r⇧t nhi⇣u nh✓ng v⇢ anh hùng phong ki⇡n trong l⇢ch s. mà công lao c⌘a h⌧ không bao gi⇥ ⌥c

ca ngi. "China had many dynasties throughout history." "History has been full of unsung heroes who will never get credit for what they did."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #8 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: LE LOI 4 Did you know?

Ng⇥i Vi⇤t Nam có r⌅t nhi⇧u truy⇧n thuy⌃t v⇧ Lê L⌥i. Có l truy⇧n thuy⌃t ⌥c bi⌃t ⌃n nhi⇧u nh⌅t là m⌦t câu chuy⇤n g↵n ging vi truy⇧n thuy⌃t v⇧ Vua Arthur và thanh ki⌃m Excalibur. Lê L⌥i ⌥c cho là có m⌦t thanh th↵n ki⌃m có khc ch✏ "Thu⇣n Thiên" b⌘ng ti⌃ng Vi⇤t trên ó. Truy⇧n thuy⌃t k✓ r⌘ng thanh ki⌃m ó do th↵n Rùa Vàng trao cho ông, và khi s◆ dng thanh ki⌃m ó, ông tr nên cao ln và có sc m⌫nh vô song. Các truy⇧n thuy⌃t khác k✓ r⌘ng l⇠i c⇡a thanh ki⌃m ⌥c vt lên t⇢ h, còn Lê L⌥i tìm th⌅y chuôi g⌧m. H↵u h⌃t các câu truy⇤n ⇧u k⌃t thúc b⌘ng vi⇤c thanh ki⌃m ó ã b m⌦t con rùa khng l ng⇣m l⌅y i khi Lê L⌥i ang i du thuy⇧n ngm cnh trên h.

The Vietnamese have many myths about Le Loi. Perhaps the most well-known one is similar to the legend of King Arthur and the sword Excalibur. Supposedly, Le Loi had his own magical sword that had the words "The Will of Heaven" engraved on it in Vietnamese. Supposedly the Golden Turtle demi-god gave him the sword, and legend says that whenever he used the sword, he became very tall and strong. Other legends say that the sword's blade came from a lake and Le Loi found the hilt himself. Most of the stories say that the sword was snatched away by a large turtle while Le Loi was out in a boat on a lake.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #8 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: LE LOI 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #9 Top 10 Vietnamese Leaders: Ly Cong Uan

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 9

1. L˝ Công Un

2. L˝ Công Un là hoàng ⇥⇤ ⇥⌅u tiên c⇧a Tri⌃u ⇥⌥i nhà L˝ c⇧a Vit Nam, tr vì t⌦ n↵m 1009 ⇥⇤n n↵m 1028 Sau Công Nguyên. Ông sinh ra t⌥i Chùa Dâu và ⇥c nuôi dng b✏i các v s ✏ ⇥ó. Ông tr✏ thành ⇥⇣ ⇥ Ph⌘t Giáo và th↵ng ti⇤n d⌅n theo c✓p b⌘c tôn giáo trong khu v◆c ⇥⇤n khi ông ⇥c b nhim làm c v✓n tôn giáo c⇧a tri⌃u ⇥ình. ⇥ó ông ⇥c th↵ng ⇥⇤n ch⌫c T⇠ thân v ⇡in ti⌃n Ch⇢ huy s⌫, mt v trí tr⌧ng v⌧ng trong ⇥i lính canh cung ⇥in. Khi v hoàng ⇥⇤ b⌥o ngc Lê Ngo⌥ Tri⌃u ch⇤t vào n↵m 1009, nhng ngi ⇧ng h L˝ Công Un s d ng th⇤ l◆c c⇧a h⌧ ⇥! ⇥"t ông lên ngôi báu. Ông l✓y tên hiu là L˝ Thái T sau khi tr✏ thành hoàng ⇥⇤.

3. Vào thi ⇥ó, kinh ⇥ô c⇧a Vit Nam là Hoa L, nhng ch⇢ mt n↵m sau ngày lên ngôi, L˝ Thái T ⇥ã cho m✏ mang Hà Ni và di ⇥ô v⌃ ⇥ó. Hoa L ban ⇥⌅u ⇥c ch⌧n làm kinh ⇥ô b✏i vì các vùng ⇥⌅m l⌅y và núi bao quanh khi⇤n n#i ⇥ây tr✏ thành mt pháo ⇥ài kiên c. Tuy nhiên, L˝ Thái T cho r$ng mt kinh ⇥ô c⌅n ph⇠i ⇥⇣ng thi là mt trung tâm th#ng m⌥i, và ⇥i⌃u này r✓t khó hin th◆c hoá vì v trí c⇧a Hoa L. › t✏ng này v⌃ th#ng m⌥i ⇥ã khi⇤n ông l⌘p ra Hà Ni, n$m ✏ v trí chi⇤n lc b✏i vì n#i ⇥ây không ch⇢ ⇥c bao quanh b✏i ⇥⇣ng b$ng, giúp ích cho th#ng m⌥i, mà còn ⇥c ng↵n cách b✏i các sông h⇣, khi⇤n Hà Ni có th! ⇥c b⇠o v mt cách d% dàng mà v&n thu⌘n tin cho vic di chuy!n c⇧a nhng ngi mun giao th#ng th#ng m⌥i t⌥i kinh ⇥ô c⇧a Vit Nam.

ENGLISH

1. Ly Cong Uan

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #9 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: LY CONG UAN 2 2. Ly Cong Uan was the first emperor of Vietnam's Ly Dynasty, reigning from the year 1009 until 1028 AD. He was born at Dan Pagoda and raised by monks there. He became a disciple of Buddhism and gradually rose through the religious ranks in the area until he was appointed as religious adviser to the court. There he continued to rise through the ranks of the government until he received the title of Commander of the Palace's Left Flank, which was a very prominent position within the palace guards. When the brutal emperor Le Ngoa Trieu died in 1009, supporters of Ly Cong Uan used their influence to put him into power. His ruling name became Ly Thai To after he became emperor.

3. In those days, the capital city of Vietnam was Hoa Lu, but a year after he came into power, Ly Thai To founded Hanoi and moved the capital city there. Hoa Lu was originally chosen as the nation's capital city because the surrounding marshlands and mountains made it difficult to invade. However, Ly Thai To felt that it was important for the capital city to also be a center for commerce, and this was also very difficult because of the location of Hoa Lu. His ideas about commerce prompted him to found Hanoi, which was also in a strategic position because not only was it surrounded by flat lands which were ideal for commerce, but it was also bounded by lakes and rivers, making it easy to defend while still providing transportation for people wishing to do commerce in Vietnam's capital city.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

tôn giáo religious noun

s monk

⇥⇣ ⇥ disciple

cung ⇥in palace noun

tr⌧ng v⌧ng prominent

th#ng m⌥i commerce

chi⇤n lc strategic

⇥⌅m l⌅y marshland noun

SAMPLE SENTENCES VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #9 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: LY CONG UAN 3 Rt nhi⇥u t⇤ ch⌅c tôn giáo ⇧ã ⇧⌃⌥c khai Các v⌦ s⌃ s↵ng mt cuc ⇧i thanh tao, ít sinh trên th gi i. ca c✏i v⇣t cht.

"The world is home to many different "The monks lived a simple life with few religious sects." possessions."

Anh ta quyt ⇧⌦nh tr⌘ thành ⇧✓ ⇧◆ ca Các lính canh cung ⇧i◆n ⇧ã b✏o v◆ hoàng th lnh giáo phái. ⇧ khi các v ám sát.

"He decided to become a disciple of the "The palace guards protected the emperor cult leader." against assassination attempts."

V⌦ th lnh ⇧ó rt ⇧⌃⌥c cng ⇧✓ng kính M⇠i qu↵c gia trên th gi i ⇧⇥u có mt vài tr⌫ng. thành ph↵ ⇧ã tr⌘ thành trung tâm th⌃⇡ng

m⇢i quan tr⌫ng. "The prominent leader was well-respected in the community." "A few cities within each nation of the world become important centers of commerce."

Vi◆c b↵ trí lc l⌃⌥ng t⇢i các v⌦ trí chin Vùng ⇧m ly có rt nhi⇥u loài sinh v⇣t l⌃⌥c là thit yu cho chin th⌧ng quân thú v⌦. s. "The marshlands were full of interesting "The strategic placement of forces is wildlife." essential to military victory."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you know?

Các nhà s h⇥c không bi⇤t nhi⌅u l⇧m v⌅ th⌃i th⌥ u c a L˝ Thái T⌦ b↵i vì thông tin này không c lu l✏i. H⇥ bi⇤t r⇣ng ông c sinh ra t✏i m⌘t ngôi làng nh✓ ↵ châu C⌦ Pháp. M◆ c a ông mang h⇥ Ph✏m, và m⌘t s ng⌃i tin r⇣ng cha c a ông có th là m⌘t quan chc nh✓ trong tri⌅u chính. M⌘t s nhà s h⇥c th⌫m chí còn cho r⇣ng cha c a ông có liên quan ⇤n các s sãi t✏i Chùa C⌦ Pháp n⌥i L˝ Thái T⌦ ã sinh ra. Khi ông lên ba tu⌦i, m◆ ông ã mang ông v⌅

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #9 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: LY CONG UAN 4 ngôi chùa này, ông ã c v⇠ s tr⇡ trì ↵ ây nh⌫n làm con nuôi và nuôi d⇢ng tr↵ thành m⌘t tng l⌧ Ph⌫t Giáo.

Historians do not know a lot about Ly Thai To's childhood because it was not recorded. They do know that he was born in the small village of Co Phap. His mother was known as Lady Pham, and some believe that his father may have been a lower official within the government. Some historians even speculate that his father had some sort of connection to the monastic clergy at Co Phap Pagoda where Ly Thai To was born. At the age of three, his mother did bring him back to the pagoda, where he was adopted by the leading monk there and raised as a member of the Buddhist clergy.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #9 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: LY CONG UAN 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #10 Top 10 Vietnamese Leaders: Ho Chi Minh

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 10

1. H Chí Minh

2. M⇥t trong nh⇤ng nhà lãnh ⌅⇧o có ⌃nh h⌥ng và n i ti⌦ng nh↵t trong lch s Vit Nam là H Chí Minh. Ông ⌅ã góp ph✏n sáng l⇣p ra n⌥⌘c Vit Nam Dân ch✓ C⇥ng hoà, ⌅⌥◆c thành l⇣p vào nm 1945. Ông là lãnh ⌅⇧o c✓a Vit Minh t nm 1941.

3. Tên khai sinh c✓a H Chí Minh là Nguyn Sinh Cung, ông ra ⌅⌫i nm 1890 t⇧i m⇥t ngôi làng nh⇠ Vit Nam. Ông s⇡ng m⇥t cu⇥c ⌅⌫i nhi⇢u bi⌦n ⌅⇥ng và ⌅ã ⌅⌦n M khi ch⌧ hn 20 tu i, sau khi ông xin vào làm ph b⌦p trên m⇥t con tàu. Sau ⌅ó ông s⇡ng New York và Boston trong m⇥t nm, làm nhi⇢u công vic chân tay ⌅ t nuôi s⇡ng mình. Ông còn tha nh⇣n r!ng mình ⌅ã tng làm qu⌃n l˝ t⇧i General Motors trong th⌫i gian t⇧i M.

4. "im dng ti⌦p theo c✓a ông là Luân "ôn, và ông ⌅ã ti⌦p tc làm nhi⇢u công vic khác nhau t⇧i ⌅ây, trong ⌅ó có ⌅✏u b⌦p làm bánh ng#t t⇣p s d⌥⌘i quy⇢n c✓a m⇥t ⌅✏u b⌦p làm bánh ng#t n i ti⌦ng ng⌥⌫i Pháp. Sau ⌅ó ông ⌅⌦n Pháp nm 1919, t⇧i ⌅ó ông ⌅ã ⌅⌥◆c h#c v⇢ ch✓ ngh$a c⇥ng s⌃n. Vào cu⇡i Chi⌦n tranh Th⌦ gi⌘i th% Nh↵t, H Chí Minh b&t ⌅✏u các ho⇧t ⌅⇥ng chính tr c✓a ông, và ông b&t ⌅✏u chi⌦n dch kêu g#i gi⌃i phóng Vit Nam kh⇠i s cai tr c✓a Pháp. "✏u th⇣p niên 1920, ông r⌫i Pháp ⌅⌦n Matxcva ⌅ h#c t⇣p. Ông không tr l⇧i quê h⌥ng Vit Nam cho t⌘i t⇣n nm 1941 - nm ông tr thành lãnh ⌅⇧o Vit Minh. Khi Chi⌦n tranh Th⌦ gi⌘i th% Hai k⌦t thúc và hoàng ⌅⌦ B⌃o "⇧i thoái v ngai vàng, ông ⌅ã ⌅#c Tuyên ngôn "⇥c l⇣p c✓a Vit Nam, chính th%c bi⌦n ⌅↵t n⌥⌘c này thành m⇥t th c th tách bit và ⌅⇥c l⇣p v⌘i Pháp. H Chí Minh là ch✓ tch n⌥⌘c ⌅✏u tiên c✓a Vit Nam, gi⇤ ch%c ⌅⌦n khi ông qua ⌅⌫i nm 1969.

ENGLISH

1. Ho Chi Minh

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #10 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: HO CHI MINH 2 2. One of the most influential and well-known leaders in the history of Vietnam was Ho Chi Minh. He helped to form the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, which was created in 1945. He was the leader of the Viet Minh starting in 1941.

3. Ho Chi Minh's birth name was Nguyen Sinh Cung, and he was born in 1890 in a small village in Vietnam. He led quite a varied life, heading to the United States in his early twenties after he got a position working in a ship's kitchen. Then he lived in New York and Boston for a year, working several menial jobs to support himself. He even claimed that he held a managerial position at General Motors at some point during his time in the U.S.

4. His next stop was London, where he continued to work in various positions, supposedly training as a pastry chef under a famous French pastry chef. Then he went to France in 1919, and while he was there, he began to learn about communism. At the end of World War I, Ho Chi Minh's political activism began, and he started to campaign for Vietnam's liberation from France. In the early 1920s, he moved from France to Moscow to study. He didn't return to his native land of Vietnam until 1941—the year he became the leader of the Viet Minh. When World War II ended and Vietnamese emperor Bao Dai abdicated the throne, he read Vietnam's Declaration of Independence, officially turning the nation into a separate entity that was free from France. Ho Chi Minh was Vietnam's first president, serving until his death in 1969.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

nhi⇢u bi⌦n ⌅⇥ng varied

⌅✏u b⌦p chef noun

bánh ng#t pastry

th c th entity

chân tay menial

thoái v abdicate

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #10 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: HO CHI MINH 3 gi⌃i phóng liberation

chi⌦n dch campaign

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Ông sng m⇥t cu⇥c ⇤⌅i nhi⇧u bi⌃n ⇤⇥ng, Ng⌅i ⇤ u b⌃p làm n⌦c cam.

làm nhi⇧u công vi⌥c khác nhau. The chef makes orange juice. "He had a varied lifestyle, working in many types of jobs."

Ng⌅i ⇤ u b⌃p kinh ng↵c vì ⇤ã có ng⌅i Cô ✏y thích n m⇥t chi⌃c bánh ng⇣t m⌦i không thích nhng món n ca ông. ra lò ngay sau khi th⌘c d✓y vào bu◆i

sáng. "The chef was appalled that anyone would dislike his food." "She loved to eat a fresh pastry first thing in the morning."

Nhà th⌅ l✓p nên m⇥t t◆ ch⌘c phi li Anh ta ghét ph⌫i làm nhng công vi⌥c nhu✓n nh m⇥t thc th tách bi⌥t v⌦i h⇣. chân tay d⌦i m⌘c thu nh✓p ca mình.

"The church formed a non-profit "He hated doing menial tasks that seemed organization, creating it as a separate below his pay grade." entity."

Khi ⇤⌘c vua thoái v⇠ ngai vàng, c⌫ ⇤✏t Sau r✏t nhi⇧u tr✓n chi⌃n, công cu⇥c gi⌫i n⌦c ⇤ã chìm trong h⇡n lo↵n. phóng cui cùng ⇤ã thành công.

"When the king abdicated his throne, the "After many battles, liberation was finally country was in an uproar." won."

Chi⌃n d⇠ch này ⇤ang có nhi⇧u di⇢n bi⌃n b✏t li cho chính tr⇠ gia ⇤ó.

"The campaign was not going so well for the politician."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #10 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: HO CHI MINH 4 Did you know?

T khi Vi⇥t Nam Dân ch⇤ C⌅ng hoà ⇧⌃⌥c thành lp, có nhi u l⌦i ⇧↵n rng H↵ Chí Minh ⇧ã sng ⇧⌅c thân c ⇧⌦i. Trong th✏c t⇣, H↵ Chí Minh ⇧ã c⌃⌘i m⌅t ng⌃⌦i ph✓ n◆ Trung Quc, Tng Tuy⇣t Minh, vào nm 1926, nh⌃ng ⇧⇣n ngày nay chính quy n Vi⇥t Nam vn không h công nhn cu⌅c hôn nhân c⇤a h, hay thm chí là ông ⇧ã tng có v⌥. Tng Tuy⇣t Minh ⇧ã tng có thai khi h chung sng v⌘i nhau, nh⌃ng bà ⇧ã phá thai b⌫i vì m⇠ bà lo rng H↵ Chí Minh s⇡ phi r⌦i kh⇢i Trung Quc, và ông ⇧ã làm vy nm 1932 sau khi ⇧⌃⌥c th kh⇢i nhà tù c⇤a chính quy n Anh. Bà ⇧ã c liên h⇥ v⌘i ch↵ng nm 1950 sau khi bi⇣t rng ông ⇧ã tr⌫ thành ch⇤ tch n⌃⌘c Vi⇥t Nam, nh⌃ng các nhà lãnh ⇧⌧o khác c⇤a chính quy n ⇧ã ngn cn s✏ liên h⇥ gi◆a hai ng⌃⌦i.

Since the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was established, a myth about Ho Chi Minh being celibate his entire life has been circulated. Ho Chi Minh actually married a Chinese woman, Tang Tuyet Minh, in 1926, but even today the Vietnamese government has never acknowledged their marriage or even the fact that he ever had a wife. Tang Tuyet Minh became pregnant once while they were living together, but she aborted the baby because her mother was concerned that Ho Chi Minh would eventually have to leave China, which he did quietly in 1932 after being released from a British prison. She attempted to get into contact with her husband in 1950 after she learned that he had become president of Vietnam, but government leaders prevented any contact between them.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #10 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: HO CHI MINH 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #11 Top 10 Vietnamese Leaders: Phan Boi Chau

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 11

1. Phan Bi Châu

2. Phan Bi Châu là mt trong nh⇥ng nhà tiên phong c⇤a phong trào qu⌅c gia ch⇤ ngh⇧a ⌃ th⌥ k 20 c⇤a Vi t Nam. Ông ⌦↵c ghi nhn ⌦ã thành lp Hi Duy Tân, mt t ch✏c cách m⇣ng có nhi⌘u ✓nh h↵⌃ng. Ông sinh ra trong mt gia ⌦ình nghèo n◆m 1867. Mc dù gia ⌦ình c⇤a ông ta không ⌦↵c giàu có cho lm, rt nhi⌘u ng↵⌫i trong s⌅ h⇠ là các trí th✏c dành th⌫i gian cho vi c nghiên c✏u h⇠c tp, và Phan Bi Châu không ph✓i là mt ngo⇣i l .

3. ⇡ ⌦⇢u th⌥ k 20, Phan Bi Châu ⌦ã bt ⌦⇢u lp k⌥ ho⇣ch ⌦ánh ⌦ui Pháp ra khi Vi t Nam. K⌥ ho⇣ch c⇤a ông ban ⌦⇢u khá ⌦⌧n gi✓n, nh↵ng theo th⌫i gian, ông bt ⌦⇢u nhn ra tình hình ph✏c t⇣p h⌧n là ông t↵⌃ng. Thông qua nghiên c✏u c⇤a ông v⌘ nh⇥ng nhà tri⌥t h⇠c châu Âu nh↵ Darwin, Rousseau và Voltaire, ông bt ⌦⇢u t⇣o dng các ˝ t↵⌃ng mi v⌘ vi c gi✓i phóng ⌦t n↵c mình. Ông cng nghiên c✏u các tác ph m c⇤a nh⇥ng nhà Nho ni ti⌥ng Trung Qu⌅c nh↵ Khang H⇥u Vi và L↵⌧ng Kh✓i Siêu.

4. D⇢n d⇢n ông g⇢y dng s ⇤ng h cho phong trào ch⇤ ngh⇧a qu⌅c gia, lúc ⌦⇢u t! cng ⌦"ng trí th✏c và sau ⌦ó t! phía hoàng tc. Ông cng liên k⌥t vi phong trào C⇢n V↵⌧ng, lúc ⌦ó ⌦ã g⇢n tan rã sau nhi⌘u phen tht b⇣i ⌦# giành l⇣i t do t! tay ng↵⌫i Pháp vào th⌥ k 19. Cu⌅i cùng Phan Bi Châu ⌦↵c c$ ⌦i Nht B✓n ⌦# yêu c⇢u s tr giúp c⇤a chính quy⌘n Nht B✓n ch⌅ng l⇣i ng↵⌫i Pháp. Tuy nhiên, ng↵⌫i Nht ⌦ã t! ch⌅i giúp ⌦% vì h⇠ ⌦ã k˝ hi p ↵c vi Pháp. Sau nhi⌘u l⇢n kêu g⇠i s giúp ⌦% c⇤a Nht, ban ⌦⇢u là ti⌘n b⇣c và sau là v khí, ông ⌦ã b& tr'c xut. Ông ti⌥p t'c các ho⇣t ⌦ng ⇤ng h Vi t Nam t do và ⌦ã b& chính quy⌘n Pháp bt gi⇥. Các cuc bi#u tình ph✓n ⌦⌅i n ra khp n⌧i d(n ⌦⌥n vi c b✓n án c⇤a ông ⌦↵c gi✓m xu⌅ng qu✓n thúc t⇣i nhà. Ông qua ⌦⌫i n◆m 1940, mt tháng sau khi Nht B✓n xâm l↵c Bc Vi t Nam.

ENGLISH

1. Phan Boi Chau

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #11 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: PHAN BOI CHAU 2 2. Phan Boi Chau was one of the pioneers of the nationalist movement in twentieth century Vietnam. He is credited with forming the Reformation Society, which was a very influential revolutionary organization. He was born to a poor family in 1867. Although his family was far from wealthy, many of them were intellectuals who spent their time in deep study, and Phan Boi Chau was no exception.

3. In the early part of the 1900s, Phan Boi Chau began creating a plan to get the French out of Vietnam. His plan was fairly simple, and as time went on, he began to realize that the situation was much more complicated than he had originally thought. Through his study of European philosophers like Darwin, Rousseau, and Voltaire, he began to forge new ideas about the liberation of his country. He also studied the works of the famous Chinese Confucians Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao.

4. Gradually he began building support for the nationalist movement, first from the intellectual community and then from the imperial family. He also worked on garnering the support of the Can Vuong movement, which was in ruins after failed attempts to gain freedom from the French in the late 1800s. Eventually Phan Boi Chau was sent to Japan to enlist the help of Japanese leaders against the French. However, the Japanese refused to help because they were on good terms with France. After several appeals to Japan for assistance, first in the form of money and then of weapons, he was deported. He continued his activism in support of a free Vietnam and was eventually arrested by the French. Massive protests resulted in his being released under house arrest. His death in 1940 came about a month after the Japanese invasion of North Vietnam.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

cách m⇣ng revolutionary

trí th✏c intellectual

giàu có wealthy

duy tân reformation

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #11 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: PHAN BOI CHAU 3 hi society verb

xâm l↵c invasion

tr'c xut deport

ho⇣t ⌦ng activism

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Ông là nhà cách mng, ng⇥⇤i không Nh⌦ng ng⇥⇤i trí th↵c nghiên c↵u r⌅t ch⌅p nh⇧n ⌃i⌥u gì ngoài ⌃c l⇧p t do. nhi⌥u v⌥ trit hc.

"He was a revolutionary who would accept "The intellectuals studied philosophy nothing less than freedom." heavily."

Nh⌦ng thành viên giàu có ca câu lc b Anh ta nói v⌘i cô ⌅y r✓ng ⌃ã x◆y ra mt khinh th⇥⇤ng nh⌦ng thành viên kém may cuc duy tân trong tâm trí ca anh và m✏n h⇣n h. anh s không bao gi⇤ la di cô n⌦a.

"The wealthy members of the club looked "He told her that a total reformation had down upon the less fortunate members." taken place and he would never cheat on her again."

Trong xã hi ngày nay, v⌫n còn mt s Cuc xâm l⇥⇡c ⌃ã d⌫n ⌃n s s⇢p ⌃ ⌃i⌥u b⇠ c⌅m ⌃oán. ca thành ph.

"In today's society, there are certain taboos "The invasion led to the fall of the city." in place."

Chính quy⌥n b◆n ⌃⇠a ⌃ã tr⇢c xu⌅t anh ta, Mt s ng⇥⇤i ⌃ã có th⌧ bin hot ⌃ng vì anh ta ⌃ã nh⇧p c◆nh trái phép vào chính tr⇠ thành mt s nghip.

quc gia ⌃ó. "Some people are able to make political "The government deported him because activism into a career." he was in the country illegally."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #11 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: PHAN BOI CHAU 4 Did you know?

tu⇥i lên n⇤m, Phan B⌅i Châu ⇧ã b⌃t ⇧⌥u ⇧ c h⌦c các kinh ⇧i↵n v⇤n h⌦c Trung Quc t cha ông. Ông ⇧ c k↵ là ch m✏t ba ngày ⇧ã h⌦c thu⌅c sách Tam T⇣ Kinh, là m⌅t kinh ⇧i↵n c⌘a Trung Quc. Ông h⌦c nhanh ⇧✓n n◆i mà cha ông quy✓t ⇧nh dy ông các sách Nho h⌦c, và ông ⇧ã tp vi✓t ch⌫ trên lá chui. Khi ch m⇠i sáu tu⇥i, ông ⇧ã dùng sách Lun ng⌫ ⇧↵ trêu ⇧ùa bn bè mình. Tuy nhiên, cha ông ⇧ã r✏t t⇡c gin và k✓t qu⇢ là ông b ⇤n roi.

At the age of five, Phan Boi Chau began to learn the Chinese classics from his father. Supposedly, it took him just three days to memorize the well-known Three Character Classic, which was one of China's classic texts. He learned it so quickly that his father decided to move him on to Confucian texts, and he practiced writing the letters on the leaves of banana plants. When he was just six years old, he used the Confucian Analects text to write a parody of his classmates. Unfortunately, however, his father was not amused, and he was caned as a result.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #11 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: PHAN BOI CHAU 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #12 Top 10 Vietnamese Leaders: Tran Thu Do

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 12

1. Trn Th⇥ ⇤⌅

2. Trn Th⇥ ⇤⌅ cai tr⇧ Vi⌃t Nam t⌥ nm 1194 ⌦n 1264. Ông là ng↵i Nhà Trn và là th⇥ lnh c⇥a h khi L˝ Chiêu Hoàng và L˝ Hu⌃ Tông còn n✏m quy⇣n. Trn Th⇥ ⇤⌅ l⌘p nên Tri⇣u ✓i nhà Trn b◆ng cách s✏p t cu⌅c hôn nhân gia cháu c⇥a ông là Trn Cnh (sau này l⌫y tên hi⌃u là Trn Thái Tông) v⇠i N Hoàng Chiêu Hoàng. Cu⌅c hôn nhân này ã t cháu c⇥a ông lên ngôi báu, mc dù lúc ó Trn Cnh m⇠i lên tám tu⇡i. ⇤i⇣u này cho phép Trn Th⇥ ⇤⌅ n✏m gi gn nh↵ toàn b⌅ quy⇣n hành khi ⇢ng thi làm nhi⌦p chính cho cháu ông và làm thái s↵ c⇥a tri⇣u ình Vi⌃t Nam.

3. Trn Th⇥ ⇤⌅ ↵c hu h⌦t nhng ng↵i Vi⌃t Nam coi là m⌅t trong nhng nhà cai tr⇧ gây tranh cãi nh⌫t trong l⇧ch s⌧ ⌫t n↵⇠c h bi vì ông ã r⌫t tàn nhn khi i phó v⇠i ng↵i c⇥a nhà L˝, sau khi Tri⇣u ✓i nhà L˝ ã b⇧ ông l⌘t ⇡ b◆ng cách khôn khéo s✏p x⌦p cu⌅c hôn nhân c⇥a cháu ông v⇠i n hoàng. Trn Th⇥ ⇤⌅ còn b✏t cháu ông, hoàng ⌦ Trn Thái Tông phi c↵⇠i v hai là công chúa Thu⌘n Thiên, t✓i thi i m ó là v c⇥a anh Trn Thái Tông và ang có mang ba tháng. V! hôn nhân ép bu⌅c này là cách Trn Th⇥ ⇤⌅ có th m bo s" nghi⌃p c⇥a Tri⇣u ✓i nhà Trn bi vì Trn Thái Tông và v th# nh⌫t c⇥a ông ã không có con trong m⌅t thi gian dài t⌥ ám c↵⇠i c⇥a h.

4. Trn Th⇥ ⇤⌅ còn ↵c ghi nh⌘n v⇠i vi⌃c ã giúp Vi⌃t Nam chng l✓i cu⌅c xâm lng u tiên c⇥a ⇤⌦ quc Mông C⇡. Quân ⌅i Vi⌃t Nam ang b⇧ $y lùi và ng↵i em c⇥a hoàng ⌦ cho r◆ng h nên rút lui. Nh↵ng Trn Th⇥ ⇤⌅ ã $y h ti⌦n v⇣ phía tr↵⇠c, và cui cùng quân ⌅i Vi⌃t Nam ã ánh b✓i cu⌅c xâm lng ln th# nh⌫t c⇥a Mông C⇡.

ENGLISH

1. Tran Thu Do

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #12 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: TRAN THU DO 2 2. Tran Thu Do ruled Vietnam between the years of 1194 and 1264. He belonged to the Tran Clan and served as their leader while Ly Chieu Hoang and Ly Hue Tong were in power. Tran Thu Do founded the Tran Dynasty simply by arranging the marriage of his nephew Tran Canh (whose ruling name was Tran Thai Tong) to the Empress Regnant Chieu Hoang. That marriage moved his nephew into power, although his nephew was just eight years old at the time. This allowed Tran Thu Do to wield most of the power while serving as regent for his nephew and also grand chancellor of Vietnam.

3. Tran Thu Do is still considered by most Vietnamese to be one of the most controversial rulers in their nation's history because he was very ruthless when dealing with members of the Ly family, whose dynasty he overthrew by shrewdly arranging his nephew's marriage to the empress. Tran Thu Do also forced his nephew, the emperor Tran Thai Tong, to marry a second wife. She just happened to be the princess Thuan Thien, who at the time was three months pregnant with Tran Thai Tong's brother's child because she had been married to him. The forced marriage was Tran Thu Do's way of securing the Tran Dynasty's rule, because his nephew and his first wife were childless for quite a long time early in their marriage.

4. Tran Thu Do is also credited with helping the Vietnamese resist the first invasion by the Mongolian Empire. The Vietnamese army was severely beaten back and the emperor's younger brother suggested that they retreat. However, Tran Thu Do pushed them forward, and the Vietnamese army ultimately defeated that first invasion of the Mongols.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English

n✏m gi wield

nhi⌦p chính regent

thái s↵ chancellor

khôn khéo shrewdly

l⌘t ⇡ overthrow

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #12 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: TRAN THU DO 3 nghiêm minh judiciously

rút lui retreat

tàn nhn ruthless

SAMPLE SENTENCES

V hi⇥p s⇤ th⌅ n⇧m gi⌃ thanh g⌥m to l n Quan nhip chính ⌦ã cai qu✏n ⌦⇣t n⌥ c ⌦ó, nh⌥ng c b⇧p c↵a anh ta vn ch⌥a ⌦↵ khi mà hoàng ⌦ còn quá nh⌘ tu✓i ⌦ ra phát trin ⌦ làm vi⇥c này. quyt ⌦nh.

"The knight tried to wield the huge sword, "The regent ruled while the emperor was but he had not yet developed enough too young to make decisions." muscle strength."

Ông ta ⌦⌥◆c b✓ nhi⇥m làm thái s⌥ c↵a Ông ta ⌦ã khôn khéo thao túng tình hình tr⌥ng. theo h⌥ ng có l◆i cho mình.

"He was appointed chancellor of the "He shrewdly manipulated the situation in school." his own favor."

Ông ta ⌦ã lt ⌦✓ triu ⌦⌫i c⇠ b⇡ng s⇢c Ông ta ⌦ã cai tr m⌧t cách nghiêm minh, m⌫nh quân s. c ⌦ ra nh⌃ng quyt ⌦nh có l◆i cho t⇣t

c✏ mi ng⌥i. "He overthrew the previous dynasty using military force." "He ruled judiciously, trying to make decisions that would benefit all of the people."

Viên t⌥ ng ra l⇥nh cho quân lính c↵a ông V vua ⌦ó ⌦ã r⇣t tàn nhn trong công ta rút lui tr⌥ c ⌦oàn quân ⌦ch ⌦ang tin cu⌧c m r⌧ng v⌥ng quc c↵a mình.

nhanh t i. "The king was absolutely ruthless in his "The army general ordered his soldiers to quest to expand his kingdom." retreat from the rapidly advancing invaders."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #12 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: TRAN THU DO 4 Did you know?

Bi vì Tr⇥n Th⇤ ⌅⇧ là m⇧t nhà cai tr⌃ gây tranh cãi ⌥n nh v⌦y, nh↵ng ng i lãnh ⌥o ti Vit Nam r✏t e dè trong vic tôn vinh ông d ⇣i b✏t k⌘ hình th✓c nào. Cu◆i cùng, vào nm 2008 h ⌥ã ⌥t tên ông cho m⇧t con ⌥ ng th⇤ ⌥ô Hà N⇧i. M⇧t s◆ ng i ⌥ã ph⌫n ⌥◆i quyt ⌥⌃nh ⌥t tên ông cho con ⌥ ng này. Và trong khi h⇥u ht các v⌃ hoàng ⌥, k⇠ c⌫ nh↵ng ng i h hàng c⇤a ông ⌥ ⇡c th nhi⇢u ni trên ⌥✏t n ⇣c Vit Nam, thì Tr⇥n Th⇤ ⌅⇧ ch⌧ ⌥ ⇡c th Chùa C⇥u ⌅ông. Tuy v⌦y, ⌥ã có m⇧t s◆ v k⌃ch v⇢ cu⇧c ⌥i c⇤a ông, và th⌦m chí c⌫ m⇧t b⇧ phim truy⇢n hình n↵a.

Because Tran Thu Do was such a controversial ruler in Vietnam, the country's leaders were extremely hesitant to honor him in any way. Finally, in 2008 they named a street in the capital city of Hanoi for Tran Thu Do. Some people oppose the decision to name that street after him. Also, while most emperors, including his relatives, are worshiped in many places throughout Vietnam, Tran Thu Do is only honored at the Cau Dong Pagoda. There have, however, been several plays focusing on his controversial life, and there was also a television series made as well.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #12 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: TRAN THU DO 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #13 Top 10 Vietnamese Leaders: Nguyen Anh

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 13

1. Nguyn Ánh

2. Hoàng ⇥⇤ Gia Long, tên khai sinh là Nguyn Ánh, cai tr⌅ Vi⇧t Nam t⌃ n⌥m 1802 ⇥⇤n 1820. Ông ⇥ c ghi nh⌦n công lao th↵ng nht phn lãnh th mà ngày nay là Vi⇧t Nam. Ông c✏ng là ng⇣i ⇥ã sáng l⌦p ra Tri⌘u ⇥✓i nhà Nguyn, là tri⌘u ⇥✓i phong ki⇤n cu↵i cùng c◆a Vi⇧t Nam.

3. Nguyn Ánh là cháu Chúa Nguyn cu↵i cùng c◆a Nam Vi⇧t, c gia ⇥ình c◆a ông ⇥ã b⌅ gi⇤t h✓i trong cuc khi ngh⌫a Tây S⇠n. Ông phi ⇥i l⇡n tr↵n t⌃ n⌥m 15 tui. Khi cuc chi⇤n giành quy⌘n ki⇢m soát Vi⇧t Nam vn ti⇤p din, ông ⇥ã tr thành b✓n thân v⌧i Pigneau de Behaine (tên Vi⇧t là Bá a Lc), mt giám mc Thiên Chúa giáo ng⇣i Pháp. Khi Nguyn Ánh nh⇣ ông cu tr giúp t⌃ n⌧c Pháp, v⌅ giám mc này ⇥ã s dng nh hng và m↵i quan h⇧ c◆a mình ⇥⇢ giúp Nguyn Ánh ly l✓i ngai vàng.

4. Mt chi⇤n d⌅ch quân s tr⇣ng k! ⇥ã din ra sau ⇥ó v⌧i nhi⌘u chi⇤n th"ng và tht b✓i cho ⇥i quân c◆a Nguyn Ánh. Sau khi ng⇣i Pháp quy⇤t ⇥⌅nh giúp ⇥# ông trong cuc xung ⇥t, h$ b"t ⇥u rèn luy⇧n ⇥i quân s dng công ngh⇧ và k% thu⌦t m⌧i nht c◆a ph⇠ng Tây cho chi⇤n tr⌦n. Ông ⇥ã dn ti⇤n quân kh"p ⇥t n⌧c, chi⇤m l✓i t⌃ng mnh ⇥t mt. i⌘u này trái v⌧i l⇣i c↵ vn c◆a ng⇣i Pháp, mu↵n ông ti⇤n quân nhanh chóng h⇠n. Cu↵i cùng Nguyn Ánh ⇥ã chinh ph✓t ⇥ c toàn b ⇥t n⌧c, và khi lên ngôi Hoàng ⇥⇤ Gia Long vào n⌥m 1802, ông là v⌅ hoàng ⇥⇤ Vi⇧t Nam ⇥u tiên th↵ng l⌫nh toàn b di ⇥t là Vi⇧t Nam th⇣i hi⇧n ⇥✓i, t⌃ bán ⇥o Cà Mau và V⌅nh Thái Lan ⇥⇤n biên gi⌧i Trung Qu↵c. Vi⇧c Hoàng ⇥⇤ Gia Long là ng⇣i ⇥u tiên th↵ng nht ⇥t n⌧c Vi⇧t Nam ⇥ã ⇥&t ông lên v⌅ trí ni b⌦t trong l⌅ch s c◆a ⇥t n⌧c này.

ENGLISH

1. Nguyen Anh

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #13 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: NGUYEN ANH 2 2. Emperor Gia Long, whose birth name was Nguyen Anh, ruled Vietnam from 1802 until 1820. He is credited with unifying the areas that now make up Vietnam. He was also the founder of the Nguyen Dynasty, which was the final Vietnamese dynasty.

3. Nguyen Anh was the nephew of southern Vietnam's last Nguyen lord, and his entire family was killed during the Tay Son revolt. He then went into hiding at the age of fifteen. As the fight over control of Vietnam raged, he became close friends with Pigneau de Behaine, a Catholic priest from France. Upon Nguyen Anh's appeal to him for French aid, the priest used his influence and connections to help Nguyen Anh win the throne back.

4. A long military campaign resulted in many wins and losses for Nguyen Anh's armies. After the French gave their assistance to his side of the conflict, they began to train his forces in the latest Western techniques and technologies for battle. He proceeded slowly through the country, taking pieces of Vietnam back bit by bit. This was against the advice of the French, who wanted him to move more rapidly. Finally Nguyen Anh was able to take over the whole of the country, and when he became Emperor Gia Long in 1802, he was the first Vietnamese emperor to rule over the entire strip of what is now modern Vietnam, from the Ca Mau peninsula and the Gulf of Siam all the way up to the border of China. The fact that Emperor Gia Long was the first to unify the nation of Vietnam puts him in prominent place in the history of his nation.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

th↵ng nht unify

sinh birth

giám mc priest

ngai vàng throne

xung ⇥t conflict

ni b⌦t prominence adjective

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #13 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: NGUYEN ANH 3 hi⇧n ⇥✓i modern

chinh ph✓t overtake

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Mt v⇥ th⇤ l⌅nh ⇧⌃⌥c giao trng trách T⌘ lúc m↵i sinh, anh ta ⇧ã th✓ hi✏n mt trí th ng nh⌦t ⇧⌦t n⌃↵c s phi thc hi✏n thông minh siêu vi✏t.

mt công vi✏c r⌦t khó kh⇣n. "From birth, he showed a high degree of "A ruler tasked with unifying a nation has a intelligence." tough job ahead of him."

V⇥ giám m◆c dành hàng gi ⇧✓ nghe li Ông t⌘ng b⌃↵c ki✓m soát ⇧⌦t n⌃↵c, và thú ti c⇤a giáo dân. cu i cùng ⇧ã giành ⇧⌃⌥c ngai vàng.

"The priest spent hours listening to the "He took over the nation bit by bit, confessions of the parishioners." eventually gaining the nation's throne."

Cuc xung ⇧t nh nhanh chóng dn ⇧⌫n Ông ⇧ã ⇧⌃⌥c ⇧⌃a lên mt v⇥ trí n⇠i b⇡t mt cuc chi⌫n tranh t⇠ng lc. trong lòng công chúng.

"The small conflict soon led to an all-out "He was raised to a position of war." prominence among the people."

Ngày nay, có r⌦t nhi⇢u ng⌃i cho rng h Ông ⇧ã c chinh pht quân n⇠i lon, không th✓ s ng thi⌫u nh⌧ng ti✏n nghi nh⌃ng lc l⌃⌥ng c⇤a chúng mnh hn hi✏n ⇧i. c⇤a ông.

"Many people today don't feel like they "He tried to overtake the rebels, but their could live without modern conveniences." forces were stronger than his army."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you know?

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #13 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: NGUYEN ANH 4 VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #13 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: NGUYEN ANH 5 Trái ng⇥c v⇤i m⌅i quan h⇧ thân thi⌃t c⌥a Nguyn Ánh v⇤i m t giám m⌦c Thiên Chúa giáo, tri↵u i c⌥a ông ã ⇥c ghi nhn b✏i s⇣ tôn th⌘ Nho giáo chính th⌅ng kh✓c nghi⇧t. Ông ã xây d⇣ng h⇧ th⌅ng tri↵u chính và giáo d⌦c d⇣a trên thuy⌃t Nho giáo. Tuy nhiên, vì m⌅i quan h⇧ c⌥a Nguyn Ánh v⇤i Thiên Chúa giáo, ông ã cho phép nh◆ng hot ng truy↵n o c⌥a h trên t n⇤c mình. Nh◆ng v vua k⌃ t⌦c ông ã không có nh◆ng chính sách khoan dung v⇤i Thiên Chúa giáo nh vy. Ông c⌫ng cho xây d⇣ng rt nhi↵u công trình và cung i⇧n l⇤n ti Hu⌃ sau khi d⌘i ô v↵ ây t⇠ Hà N i. Ông c⌫ng tp trung rt nhi↵u tài l⇣c vào vi⇧c xây d⇣ng quân i, k⇡ c⇢ sau khi ông ã giành li t n⇤c.

In spite of Nguyen Anh's close relationship with a Catholic priest, his reign has been noted for its strict adherence to Confucian orthodoxy. He modeled his government and educational system on Confucian beliefs. Because of his close ties to the Catholics, however, he did tolerate their missionary activities in his nation. The rulers who came after him were far less tolerant of Catholicism than he was. He also built numerous large structures and a palace in Hue after he moved the capital there from its previous location in Hanoi. He also focused much on building up the strength of his military, even after he took over the nation.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #13 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: NGUYEN ANH 6 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #14 Top 10 Vietnamese Leaders: Phan Chu Trinh

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 14

1. Phan Chu Trinh

2. Phan Chu Trinh, tên hiu Tây H⇥, là m⇤t nhà ho⌅t ⇧⇤ng chính tr⌃ t⌅i Vit Nam ⇧⌥u th k 20. Ông n⌦i ting vì t↵ t↵ng ch ngha dân t⇤c và ni✏m tin r⇣ng Vit Nam không c⌥n ph⌘i c⌥u xin tr✓ giúp t◆ các quc gia khác nh↵ng cng không ⇧↵✓c tìm cách xâm ph⌅m n↵c ngoài. M⌫c tiêu ca ông là ⇧ánh ⇧u⌦i ng↵⇠i Pháp vì s⇡ ng↵✓c ⇧ãi ca h⇢ ⇧i vi ⇧t n↵c ca ông kéo dài trong rt nhi✏u n⌧m.

3. Phan Chu Trinh sinh n⌧m 1872, là con ca m⇤t h⇢c gi⌘ và ⇧i✏n ch giàu có. Cha ông ⇧ã tham gia Khi ngha H⇢c gi⌘ (Phong trào C⌥n V↵ng), nh↵ng ông b⌃ các th lnh ca cu⇤c khi ngha git h⌅i n⌧m 1885 vì h⇢ tin r⇣ng ông ⇧ã ph⌘n b⇤i h⇢. Lúc ⇧ó Phan Chu Trinh mi lên 13 tu⌦i.

4. Sau khi thi ⇧ C nhân và làm vic trong h thng quan liêu m⇤t vài n⌧m, ông t◆ ch c bi vì nh!ng bt ⇧⇥ng vi h thng. Ông b"t ⇧⌥u kêu g⇢i th tiêu ch ⇧⇤ phong kin và thit l#p m⇤t n✏n dân ch c⇤ng hoà thay th nó. $% th⇡c hin b↵c ⇧⌥u tiên trong vic thit l#p n✏n c⇤ng hoà mà mình mong mun, Phan Chu Trinh ⇧ã gi th↵ cho nh!ng nhà c⌥m quy✏n Pháp, yêu c⌥u s⇡ giúp ⇧& ca h⇢ ⇧% d'p b( nh!ng bóc l⇤t và bt công ⇧ang x⌘y ra t⌅i Vit Nam vì chính sách cai tr⌃ ca h⇢. M⇤t n⌧m sau ⇧ó ông m tr↵⇠ng riêng, khéo léo không ⇧⇤ng ch⌅m gì ⇧n pháp lu#t ⇧⇥ng th⇠i v)n d⌅y d các h⇢c viên v✏ dân ch và kín ⇧áo v⌅ch tr⌥n ách thng tr⌃ kh"c nghit ca th⇡c dân Pháp.

5. N⌧m 1908, khi phong trào nông dân ph⌘n ⇧i s↵u cao thu n*ng n⌦ ra, Phan Chu Trinh ⇧ã b⌃ b"t và tr↵⇠ng h⇢c ca ông b⌃ ⇧óng ca. Ông b⌃ x t hình, nh↵ng m⇤t vài ng↵⇠i Pháp có ⌘nh h↵ng ln và kính tr⇢ng ông ⇧ã gi⌘m b⌘n án xung còn tù chung thân. Cui cùng ông ⇧↵✓c ⇧↵a sang Pháp, ni ông có th% b⌃ theo dõi nghiêm ng*t, nh↵ng ông v)n tip t⌫c là tm g↵ng cho nh!ng ng↵⇠i cách m⌅ng tip t⌫c chin ⇧u và giành l⌅i n✏n ⇧⇤c l#p ca Vit Nam.

ENGLISH

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #14 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: PHAN CHU TRINH 2 1. Phan Chu Trinh

2. Phan Chu Trinh, whose alias was Tay Ho, was a political activist in Vietnam during the early part of the 1900s. He is most famous for his strict nationalism and his firm beliefs that Vietnam should neither appeal to other nations for aid nor seek to dole out violence to other nations. His goal was to banish the French, whose brutal treatment of their nation had been going on for many years.

3. Phan Chu Trinh was born in 1872 to a wealthy scholar and landowner. His father participated in the Scholar's Revolt, although his fellow leaders killed him in 1885 because they believed that he had betrayed them. Phan Chu Trinh was just thirteen years old at the time.

4. After earning the highest degree in Mandarin and then serving within the bureaucracy for a few years, he resigned because he disagreed with the system. He began to push for the monarchy to be abolished and a democratic republic to be set up in its place. His first step in setting up the republic he wanted was to appeal to the French governors, asking for their assistance in dealing with the exploitation that was going on in Vietnam as a result of the way they governed. A year later he opened his own school, being careful to toe the line on issues and avoid doing anything illegal as he taught students about democracy while circuitously speaking out against the brutal French leadership.

5. The peasantry began to revolt against the high taxes in 1908, and Phan Chu Trinh was then arrested and his school shut down. He was sentenced to execution, but several influential people in France who respected him were able to get his sentence reduced to life in prison. Eventually he was sent to France, where he could be watched carefully, but he continued to influence revolutionaries who would eventually go on to win Vietnam's independence.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #14 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: PHAN CHU TRINH 3 tên hiu alias

ch ngha dân t⇤c nationalism

ph⌘n b⇤i betray

h⇢c gi⌘ scholar

t◆ ch c resign

h thng quan liêu bureaucracy

th tiêu abolish

bóc l⇤t exploitation

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Anh ta s d⇥ng tên hi⇤u ⌅⇧ có th⇧ t⌃ do Ông c⌦m th↵y rng ch ngha dân t✏c r↵t ⌅i l⌥i mà không b chính quy n phát hi⇤n quan tr⇣ng b⌘i vì nó ⌅✓ng ngha v◆i vi⇤c ra. ⌅↵t n◆c ca h⇣ có th⇧ t⌃ tr mà không

liên quan ⌅n v↵n ⌅ ca các quc gia "He used an alias so that he could travel khác. freely without the authorities knowing who he was." "He felt that nationalism was very important because it meant that their nation could take care of itself without interfering in the problems of other countries."

Anh c⌦m th↵y mình b ph⌦n b✏i hoàn Ông coi mình là m✏t h⇣c gi⌦ nghiên c⌫u toàn sau khi cô ta tit l✏ vi⇤c cô ⌅ã làm. v nhi u lnh v⌃c.

"He felt absolutely betrayed after she "He considered himself to be a scholar, revealed what she had done." reading widely on many topics."

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #14 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: PHAN CHU TRINH 4 Vi⇤c t⇠ ch⌫c ca anh ta ⌘ công ty ⌅ã có Anh ⌅ã quá m⇤t m⇢i v◆i h⇤ thng quan hi⇤u l⌃c ngay l⇡p t⌫c. liêu, vì v⇡y nên anh ⌅ã ngh vi⇤c ⌘ c⌧

quan nhà n◆c. "He resigned his position with the company effective immediately." "He got so tired of the bureaucracy that he left government work."

Ch ⌅✏ nô l⇤ cui cùng ⌅ã b xóa b⇢ sau Bóc l✏t tr em là m✏t trong nhng ⌅i u nhi u th h⇤. kinh khng nh↵t vn ⌅ang x⌦y ra trên th

gi◆i ngày nay. "Slavery was finally abolished after many generations." "The exploitation of children is one of the most horrifying things that goes on in our world today."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you know?

Mc dù Phan Chu Trinh là m⇥t nhà lãnh ⇤⌅o có nhi⇧u ⌃nh h⌥ng t⌅i Vi t Nam và ⇤ã góp ph⌦n giành l⌅i n⇧n ⇤⇥c l↵p ca ⇤t n⌥c t✏ tay th⇣c dân Pháp, Vi t Nam không th⇣c s⇣ ⇤⌥⌘c gi⌃i phóng cho ti ba th↵p k✓ sau cái ch◆t ca ông. Khi ông qua ⇤i nm 1926, 60.000 ng⌥i ⇤ã ⇤◆n d⇣ ⇤ám tang ông, dn ⇤◆n các cu⇥c ph⌃n ⇤⌫i lan r⇥ng ⇤òi ng⌥i Pháp chm d⇠t chi◆m ⇤óng Vi t Nam. Ngày nay h⌦u h◆t các thành ph⌫ t⌅i Vi t Nam ⇤⇧u có m⇥t con ⇤⌥ng mang tên Phan Chu Trinh. Ông ⇤ã t✏ng làm vi c vi và có nhi⇧u ⌃nh h⌥ng ⇤◆n H⇡ Chí Minh, ng⌥i sau này có vai trò n⇢i b↵t trong công cu⇥c sáng l↵p n⌥c Vi t Nam Dân ch C⇥ng hoà.

While Phan Chu Trinh was a very influential leader in Vietnam and assisted in winning the nation's independence from France, Vietnam was not actually liberated until three decades after his death. When he died in 1926, sixty thousand people went to his funeral, which led to further protests from Vietnamese who were demanding that the French end their occupation of Vietnam. Today most cities in Vietnam have a street named after Phan Chu Trinh. He also worked with and was very influential on Ho Chi Minh, who was one of the most prominent figures in the formation of Vietnam as a democratic republic.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #14 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: PHAN CHU TRINH 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #15 Top 10 Vietnamese Leaders: Ngo Quyen

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 15

1. Ngô Quyn

2. Ngô Quyn là v⇥ vua c⇤a Vi⌅t Nam trong kho⇧ng n⌃m 939 ⌥n 944 Sau Công Nguyên. Ông là m t v⇥ t⌦↵ng và m t hào tr⌦ng. Ông cai qu⇧n min bc c⇤a ⌥t n⌦↵c và ⌥⌦✏c ghi nh⇣n v↵i m t s⌘ chin thng quân s✓ quan tr◆ng cho ng⌦i Vi⌅t.

3. Ngô Quyn sinh n⌃m 897 khu v✓c cách Hà N i bây gi không xa lm. Cha ông là m t châu mc có th l✓c vào cu⌘i Triu ⌥i nhà ⌫⌦ng. Cha c⇤a ông c⇠ng ⇤ng h Phùng H⌦ng, ng⌦i ⌥⌦✏c bit v↵i danh hi⌅u B⌘ Cái ⌫i V⌦⇡ng c⇤a An Nam.

4. T⇢ n⌃m 931, Ngô Quyn ⌥u quân và nhanh chóng ⌥⌦✏c th⌃ng tin tr thành m t t⌦↵ng quân ch⌧ trong vòng ba n⌃m. Ông ⌥⌦✏c giao toàn quyn ch⌧ huy quân ⌥ i sau khi D⌦⇡ng ⌫ình Ngh⌅ b⇥ ám sát và ông ⌥ã ⌥ánh bi và x t nhng k ph⇧n lon ⌥ã ám sát D⌦⇡ng ⌫ình Ngh⌅. Nhng s✓ ki⌅n này ⌥ã khin tình hình Vi⌅t Nam tr nên bt n, và Trung Qu⌘c ⌥ã quyt ⌥⇥nh r!ng ⌥ây là c⇡ h i h◆ có th" xâm l⌦✏c Vi⌅t Nam m t ln na. Ngô Quyn ⌥ã s↵m d✓ ⌥oán ⌥⌦✏c vi⌅c này và ⌥ã ⌥ánh bi quân Trung Qu⌘c trong Tr⇣n Bch ⌫!ng, m ⌥⌦ng cho Vi⌅t Nam tr thành m t qu⌘c gia ⌥ c l⇣p. Sau chin thng quyt ⌥⇥nh này, n⌦↵c Vi⌅t Nam ⌥ã tôn Ngô Quyn lên làm vua, và triu ⌥ình Trung Qu⌘c c⇠ng ph⇧i công nh⇣n danh hi⌅u c⇤a ông vào n⌃m 939. Ngô Quyn tr thành v⇥ vua ⌥u tiên c⇤a Triu ⌥i nhà Ngô, ⌥⌦✏c nhiu ng⌦i Vi⌅t Nam coi là triu ⌥i ⌥u tiên c⇤a ⌥t n⌦↵c. Tuy nhiên, Triu ⌥i nhà Ngô ch⌧ t#n ti v$n v%n ⌥⌦✏c 20 n⌃m bi vì hai ng⌦i con c⇤a Ngô Quyn không th" gi toàn v%n và th⌘ng nht ⌥t n⌦↵c. H◆ ⌥ã th cùng nhau cai tr⇥ ⌥t n⌦↵c, nh⌦ng triu ⌥i c⇤a h◆ v&n b⇥ sp ⌥ n⌃m 954.

ENGLISH

1. Ngo Quyen

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #15 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: NGO QUYEN 2 2. Ngo Quyen was a Vietnamese ruler between the years of 939 and 944 AD. He was both a general and prefect. He ruled in the northern part of the country and is credited with several important military victories for the Vietnamese.

3. Ngo Quyen was born in 897 not far from what is now known as Hanoi. His father was a government official who had a lot of influence during the end of the Tang Dynasty. His father also supported Phung Hung, also known as Annam's first Lord Protector.

4. Starting in 931, Ngo Quyen served in the military, quickly rising through the ranks until he became a military governor three years later. He gained control of the entire military after the assassination of Duong Dinh Nghe and after he beat back and then executed the rebel who had assassinated Duong Dinh Nghe. These events weakened Vietnam enough that the Chinese decided that it was an opportune time for them to take over. Ngo Quyen guessed what would happen early enough to beat back the Chinese in the Battle of Bach Dang, which cleared the way for Vietnam to become an independent country. After that decisive victory, Vietnam declared Ngo Quyen king, and China recognized him as such in 939. Ngo Quyen became the first ruler of the Ngo Dynasty, which many Vietnamese consider their first dynasty. The Ngo Dynasty, however, lasted less than twenty years because his two sons were unable to keep the nation together and unified. They attempted to rule jointly, but their dynasty fell in 954.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

hào tr⌦ng prefect

ám sát assassination

quyt ⌥⇥nh decisive verb

c⇡ h i opportunistic

cùng nhau jointly

ghi nh⇣n credit

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #15 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: NGO QUYEN 3 triu ⌥i dynasty

chin thng victory

SAMPLE SENTENCES

V hào tr⇥⇤ng r⌅t ⇧⇥⌃c nh⌥ng ng⇥i dân R⌅t may là âm m⇥u ám sát ⇧ó ⇧ã th⌅t d⇥ i quy⌦n yêu m↵n. bi.

"The prefect was much loved by the "The assassination attempt was, people he ruled." thankfully, unsuccessful."

Chi↵n thng quy↵t ⇧nh này ⇧ng ngh✏a Gã bán hàng c h⌘i ⇧ã l⌃i dng ⇧ôi v⌃ v i vi⇣c ⇧⌘i tuy✓n ⇧ang ti↵n g◆n t i v trí chng tr⌫.

⇧ng ⇧◆u. "The opportunistic salesman took "The decisive victory meant that the team advantage of the young couple." was closing in on the top spot."

Thông th⇥ng khi các v vua chúa cùng Ông ⇧⇥⌃c ghi nh⌧n công lao trong m⌘t s n⇠ l⇡c chung tay cai tr thì k↵t qu⇢ ⇧⌦u chi↵n thng quân s⇡ quan trng.

dn ⇧↵n th⌅t bi. "He was credited with some very important "Often when rulers attempt to rule jointly, it military wins." is not successful. "

Trung Quc ⇧ã tr⇢i qua nhi⌦u tri⌦u ⇧i V t⇥ ng này có m⌘t b⇢ng thành tích ⇧◆y phong ki↵n trong lch s. p nh⌥ng chi↵n thng.

"China had many dynasties throughout "The general's list of victories was quite history." extensive."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you know?

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #15 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: NGO QUYEN 4 Chin th⇥ng quyt ⇤⌅nh c⇧a Ngô Quy⌃n trong Tr⌥n Bch ⌦ng là nh↵ mt chin thu⌥t khá l lùng. V⌅ tng này ⇤ã ra l✏nh ⇤óng mt hàng c⇣c g⌘ xu✓ng ⇤áy Sông Bch ⌦ng. Các c⇣c g⌘ ◆ ngay di b⌃ mt nc nên quân ⇤⌅ch không h⌃ bit gì v⌃ chúng. S dng nh⌫ng thuy⌃n nh⇠ có th⇡ n⇢i trên nh⌫ng c⇣c g⌘ ⇤ó, thu quân c⇧a Ngô Quy⌃n ⇤ã d quân Trung Qu✓c xâm l⌧c vào khu vc sông có c⇥m c⇣c, kt qu là hàng trm chin thuy⌃n và hàng nghìn quân Trung Qu✓c ⇤ã phi b mng.

Ngo Quyen's decisive victory at the Battle of Bach Dang was won with a rather unusual tactic. The general ordered that a row of wooden stakes be driven into the bottom of the Bach Dang River. The stakes stood just underneath the surface of the water so the opposing forces were unaware that they were there. Using boats that were shallow enough to float above the stakes, Ngo Quyen's army lured the invading Chinese into the part of the river where the stakes were embedded, resulting in the sinking of hundreds of Chinese ships and the deaths of thousands of Chinese soldiers.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #15 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE LEADERS: NGO QUYEN 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #16 Top 10 Vietnamese Writers: Nguyen Du

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 16

1. Nguyn Du

2. Nguyn Du, có bút danh là Thanh Hiên và T⇥ Nh⇤, n⌅i ti⇧ng v⌃i tác ph⌥m tr⇤ng thiên ti u thuy⇧t b⌦ng th↵ Truyn Kiu. Bài th↵ ⇤✏c vi⇧t b⌦ng b⇣ ch⌘ c⌅ c✓a Vit Nam là Ch⌘ Nôm.

3. Nguyn Du sinh ra t◆i làng Tiên in nm 1766. Cha c✓a ông làm t t⇤⌃ng d⇤⌃i Nhà Lê. Khi ông lên 13 tu⌅i, cha m c✓a ông u qua i, nên ông ph⌫i s⇥ng v⌃i các anh ho⇠c anh r cho ⇧n khi tr⇤⇡ng thành. Khi ông lên kho⌫ng 17 hay 19 tu⌅i (có nhiu thông tin khác nhau v vic này), ông ⇢u k thi t⇤↵ng ⇤↵ng v⌃i k thi t⇥t nghip c⌧p ba ngày nay. Tuy nhiên, vào thi ó ây là m⇣t thành tích r⌧t l⌃n b⇡i vì ch có nh⌘ng ng⇤i giàu có m⌃i có th dành h⇧t thi gian vào vic hc trong m⇣t thi gian dài ◆t ⇤✏c nó.

4. Sau khi ⇢u ◆t, ông tòng quân Trnh và gi⌘ ch c quan võ. Nh⇤ng khi Nhà Tây S↵n lên n!m quyn, ông ã t" ch⇥i làm vic cho h nên ã b b# tù. Sau khi ⇤✏c th⌫ ra, ông tr⇡ v quê nhà cho t⌃i khi Nhà Nguyn l⇢t ⌅ Tây S↵n. Ông ã $ng ˝ làm quan cho triu ◆i m⌃i, d%n ⇤✏c thng ch c lên làm ◆i s và ⇤✏c c& sang Trung Qu⇥c. Trong thi gian ⇡ ó, ông ã biên dch m⇣t cu⇥n ti u thuy⇧t n⌅i ti⇧ng thi nhà Minh sang ti⇧ng Vit, và cu⇥n ti u thuy⇧t ó ã m⇡ %u cho tác ph⌥m n⌅i ti⇧ng c✓a ông là Truyn Kiu. Ông qua i sau m⇣t thi gian dài lâm bnh, mà ông ã t" ch⇥i ⇤✏c ch⌘a tr.

ENGLISH

1. Nguyen Du

2. Nguyen Du, who wrote under the pen names of Thanh Hien and To Nhu, is most known for his epic poem The Tale of Kieu. The poet wrote using Vietnam's ancient alphabet, Chu Nom.

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #16 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: NGUYEN DU 2 3. Nguyen Du was born in Tien Dien village in 1766. His father was a former prime minister who served the Le Dynasty. By the time he turned thirteen years old, both of his parents had died, so he lived with one of his older brothers or his brother-in-law until he became an adult. When he was somewhere around the age of seventeen or nineteen (there are differing sources), he passed an exam that made him equivalent to what today we know as a high school graduate. However, in those days this was quite a distinction because only affluent people could afford to devote themselves to their studies long enough to earn it.

4. After he passed that test, he began serving the Trinh army as a military advisor. However, when the Tay Son Dynasty came into power, he refused to serve them, so he was imprisoned. Upon his release, he went back to his hometown until the Nguyen Dynasty overthrew Tay Son. He then agreed to serve the new leaders and was eventually promoted to the position of ambassador and sent to China. While he was there, he translated a well-known Ming Dynasty legend into Vietnamese, and that legend became the starting point for the famous Tale of Kieu. Eventually he died after suffering from a long illness, which he had refused treatment for.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

bnh illness noun

b# tù imprison

anh r brother-in-law

giàu có affluent

dành h⇧t devote

◆i s ambassador

thng ch c promote

ch⌘a tr treatment

SAMPLE SENTENCES

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #16 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: NGUYEN DU 3 Cô ta ã h⇥i ph⇤c sau c⌅n b⇧nh c⌃a Ông ã b↵ b tù trong khong thi gian 30 mình m⌥t cách rt ch m ch⌦p. n⌅m.

"She recovered from her illness very "He was imprisoned for about 30 years." slowly."

Anh y không thích ông anh r✏ l⇣m và Gia ình ó khá giàu có và s hu m⌥t ⌘✓c r◆ng ch↵ mình ã c⌘✓i m⌥t ng⌘i di⇧n tích t khá l✓n. khác. "The family was rather affluent, owning "He did not like his brother-in-law very large areas of land." much and wished his sister had married someone else."

Ông ta ã có g⇣ng dành ht thi gian c⌃a Ông ta ph⇤c v⇤ t n⌘✓c v✓i t⌘ cách là mình cho vi⇧c h⌫c. m⌥t ⌦i s⇠  ›.

"He tried to devote himself solely to his "He served his nation as the ambassador studies." to Italy."

Anh ta ⌘⇡c th⌅ng ch⇠c lên v↵ trí cao Cô ta ã t⇢ chi vi⇧c cha tr↵ các vt nht trong công ty. th⌘⌧ng c⌃a mình sau v⇤ tai n⌦n ô tô.

"He was promoted to the highest position "She refused any treatment for her injuries in the company." after the car accident."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you know?

Truyn Ki⇥u c⇤a Nguy⌅n Du ⇧⌃⌥c coi là tác phm v n h⌦c quan tr⌦ng nh↵t c⇤a Vit Nam t tr⌃c ⇧n nay. Bài th✏ g⇣m h✏n 3.000 câu và k⌘ v⇥ cu✓c ⇧◆i c⇤a Thu˝ Ki⇥u, m✓t ng⌃◆i con gái r↵t ⇧p và ⇧a tài. Tuy nhiên, khi m✓t âm m⌃u ⇧⌃⌥c thc hin nhm ⇧y cha và anh c⇤a cô vào tù, Thu˝ Ki⇥u ⇧ã ph⌫i hi sinh b⌫n thân mình ⇧⌘ c⇠u h⌦. Cô ⇧ã ⇧⇣ng ˝ c⌃i m✓t ng⌃◆i ⇧àn ông ln tu⇡i h✏n ⇧⌘ có ⇧⌃⌥c ti⇥n. Nh⌃ng cô không ng◆ rng h⇢n ta li là m✓t gã s⌧ khanh, và

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #16 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: NGUYEN DU 4 ⇧ã b ép bu✓c tr⌧ thành k n. Trong 50 n m qua, ⇧ã có ít nh↵t n m b⌫n dch khác nhau sang ting Anh c⇤a bài th✏ này.

Nguyen Du's The Tale of Kieu is considered the most important piece of Vietnamese literature in existence. The poem has more than three thousand verses and tells about the life of Thuy Kieu, who is very beautiful and has many talents. However, when a threat is made to throw her brother and father into prison, she must sacrifice herself in order to save them. She agrees to marry an older man in return for money. However, she is unaware that he is a pimp, so she ends up being forced to become a prostitute. Over the last fifty years, there have been at least five different translations of the epic poem into English.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #16 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: NGUYEN DU 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #17 Top 10 Vietnamese Writers: Nguyen Trai

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 17

1. Nguyn Trãi

2. Nguyn Trãi, còn ⇥⇤⌅c bi⇧t ⇥⇧n v⌃i danh hi⌥u c Trai mà ông ⇥⇤⌅c nh n sau này, là m⌦t h↵c gi, nhà th, chính tr và nhà chi⇧n l⇤⌅c v✏ ⇥⇣i. Ông là c⌘ v✓n thân c n c◆a Vua Lê L⌅i, m⌦t trong nhng v vua ni ti⇧ng và ⇥⇤⌅c yêu m⇧n nh✓t t⇣i Vi⌥t Nam. Lê L⌅i ⇥ã gii phóng Vi⌥t Nam khi ách th⌘ng tr c◆a Trung Qu⌘c, và Nguyn Trãi là ng⇤⌫i ⇥ã c⌘ v✓n ông ⇥i ⇥⇧n thành công. Nguyn Trãi còn ⇥⇤⌅c ghi nh n v⌃i vi⌥c ⇥ã vi⇧t tuyên ngôn ⇥⌦c l p c◆a Vi⌥t Nam và r✓t nhi⇠u tác ph⇡m khác là ngu⇢n ⇥⌦ng viên giúp r✓t nhi⇠u ng⇤⌫i Vi⌥t Nam ni d y ch⌘ng l⇣i Trung Qu⌘c.

3. Sinh nm 1380 t⇣i ni mà ngày nay là Hà N⌦i, Nguyn Trãi ra làm quan t⌧ khi còn là m⌦t chàng trai tr. Nm 1417, ông ⇥i theo Lê L⌅i, th⌫i ⇥ó vn là th◆ l✏nh c◆a quân khi ngh✏a. Sau cu⌦c chi⇧n tranh kéo dài 10 nm và m⌦t chi⇧n dch du kích tr⇤⌫ng k ch⌘ng l⇣i Tri⇠u ⇥⇣i nhà Minh c◆a Trung Qu⌘c, h↵ ⇥ã giành ⇥⇤⌅c ⇥⌦c l p. Nm 1427, ngh✏a quân ⇥ã ⇥ánh b⇣i quân Trung Qu⌘c l!n cu⌘i cùng và tuyên b⌘ n⇠n ⇥⌦c l p c◆a Vi⌥t Nam.

4. Khi cu⌦c chi⇧n k⇧t thúc, Lê L⌅i ⇥ã phong Nguyn Trãi làm c⌘ v✓n thân c n nh✓t c◆a ông. Khi nhà vua qua ⇥⌫i và con trai ông, khi ⇥ó vn còn là m⌦t ⇥"a tr, lên n⌘i ngôi, chính sách gia ⇥ình tr ⇥ã ngn cn Nguyn Trãi tr thành quan nhi⇧p chính. Nguyn Trãi ⇥ã t⌧ quan v⇠ quê h⇤ng không lâu sau cái ch⇧t c◆a Vua Lê L⌅i, ông dành th⌫i gian v⇠ h⇤u cho vi⌥c t✏nh tâm suy ngm và làm th.

5. Nguyn Trãi ch⇧t nm 1442 cùng v⌃i v⌅ và toàn th# h↵ hàng c◆a ông. H↵ b x$ t$ theo l⌫i cáo bu⌦c c◆a nhng ng⇤⌫i qu˝ t⌦c khi v vua tr ⇥⌦t ng⌦t qua ⇥⌫i sau khi ⇥⇧n chi nhà Nguyn Trãi. Nhà vua ⇥ã ngo⇣i tình v⌃i v⌅ c◆a Nguyn Trãi, và vì ông b ⇥⌦t t$ ngay sau khi ⇥⇧n thm h↵, h↵ ⇥ã b bu⌦c t⌦i gây ra cái ch⇧t c◆a ông. Hai m⇤i nm sau cái ch⇧t c◆a Nguyn Trãi, ông ⇥ã ⇥⇤⌅c xá t⌦i bi Vua Lê Thánh Tông, ng⇤⌫i ⇥ã nói r%ng nhng l⌫i bu⌦c t⌦i ông là sai s& th t.

ENGLISH

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #17 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: NGUYEN TRAI 2 1. Nguyen Trai

2. Nguyen Trai, also known by the style name he received later in life, Uc Trai, was a scholar, poet, politician, and strategist. He was also a very close advisor of King Le Loi, one of the most well-known and loved kings of Vietnam. Le Loi helped to free Vietnam from Chinese rule, and Nguyen Trai advised him along the way. Nguyen Trai is also credited with writing Vietnam’s declaration of independence and numerous writings that gave many Vietnamese the inspiration to rise up against the Chinese.

3. Born in 1380 in what is now Hanoi, Nguyen Trai started serving within the government as a young man. Then in 1417, he joined Le Loi, who at the time was the leader of the rebellion. After a ten-year war and an extensive guerrilla campaign against China’s Ming Dynasty, they gained Vietnam’s independence. In 1427, they finally defeated the Chinese for the last time and declared Vietnam’s independence.

4. At the end of the war, Le Loi made Nguyen Trai one of his closest advisors. When the king died and his son, who was still a child at the time, became king, nepotism prevented Nguyen Trai from being appointed regent. Nguyen Trai retired to his home village not long after the king’s death, and he spent his retirement in meditation and writing poetry.

5. Nguyen Trai died in 1442 along with his wife and their extended family. Their deaths were the result of accusations made by the nobles when the young king died suddenly after visiting Nguyen Trai’s home. The king had been having an affair with Nguyen Trai’s wife, and since he died so suddenly after visiting them, they were blamed for his death. Twenty years after Nguyen Trai’s death, he was pardoned by King Le Thanh Tong, who said that the charges against him were untrue.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English

ngu⇢n ⇥⌦ng viên inspiration

du kích guerilla

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #17 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: NGUYEN TRAI 3 khi ngh✏a rebellion

chính sách gia ⇥ình tr nepotism

nhà chi⇧n l⇤⌅c strategist

quan nhi⇧p chính regent

suy ngm meditation

xá t⌦i pardon

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Ông ta là ngun ⇥⇤ng l⌅c c⇧a r⌃t nhi⌥u Chin tranh du kích ⇥✏c s⇣ d⌘ng r⌃t ng i, thôi thúc h⌦ s↵ng m⇤t cu⇤c ⇥ i ph✓ bin vào th i ⇥ó.

⇥p hn. "Guerilla warfare was very common in "He was an inspiration for many people, those days." pushing them to do better with their lives."

Cu⇤c kh◆i ngha ⇥ã b dp t⌫t b◆i quyt Ông ta b cáo bu⇤c s⇣ d⌘ng chính sách tâm c⇧a nh⇠ng ng i ⇥⇡ng ⇥⇢u chính gia ⇥ình tr b◆i vì ông ch tr⌦ng d⌘ng các ph⇧. thành viên trong gia ⇥ình ông.

"The rebellion was beaten back by the "He was brought up on charges of determined government leaders." nepotism because he only promoted members of his family."

Nhà chin l✏c quân s⌅ khôn ngoan ⇥ã Ông ⇥ã mong ⇥✏c tr◆ thành quan nhip bày ra m⇤t k ho⌧ch d⌘ quân ⇥ch vào chính, nhng s⌅ ngn cn c⇧a nh⇠ng by c⇧a h⌦. ng i qu˝ t⇤c ⇥ã khin ông không ⇥✏c

b✓ nhi m. "The cunning military strategist created a plan that brought the opposing army right "He had been looking forward to serving into their trap." as regent, but the nobles barred him from being appointed."

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #17 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: NGUYEN TRAI 4 Sau khi suy ngm k! càng, h⌫n ta ⇥ã Ng i Thiên Chúa Giáo tin r"ng các linh nhn th⌃y hu qu t⇤i ác c⇧a mình. m⌘c có quy⌥n nng xá t⇤i cho h⌦.

"In careful meditation, he considered the "Catholics believe that priests have the consequences of his sins." power of pardoning their sins."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you know?

Ngày nay Nguyn Trãi v⇥n ⇤⌅⇧c r⌃t nhi⌥u ng⌅i Vi t Nam coi là m⌦t anh hùng dân t⌦c, và có r⌃t nhi⌥u t⌅⇧ng ⇤ài c↵a ông ⇤⌅⇧c lp nên. núi Chí Linh, m⌦t ⇤i n th khng l✏ ⇤ã ⇤⌅⇧c d⇣ng lên ⇤⌘ t⌅✓ng nh◆ ông. i n th kéo dài t chân núi cho ⇤n tn ⇤⌫nh ng⇠n núi. C⇡n nhà c↵a ông ngày nay v⇥n còn ✓ nguyên v⇢ trí ⇤ó, mc dù th⌧ duy nh⌃t trong ⇤ó còn ⇤⌘ li t thi x⌅a là sàn nhà ⇤⌅⇧c lát ⇤á. Hu ht các thành ph ✓ Vi t Nam ⇤⌥u có nh ng con ⇤⌅ng ⇤⌅⇧c ⇤t theo tên c↵a ông.

Today Nguyen Trai is still considered by many Vietnamese to be a national hero, and there are a number of monuments to his life. In the mountains of Chi Linh, there is a massive shrine that was built in remembrance of him. It extends from the foot of the mountains all the way up to the top. His original home also still stands to this day, although now the only thing that is original inside the house is the tiled floor. Most cities in Vietnam also have major streets that are named in his honor.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #17 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: NGUYEN TRAI 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #18 Top 10 Vietnamese Writers: Nguyen Binh Khiem

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 18

1. Nguyn B⇥nh Khiêm

2. Nguyn B⇥nh Khiêm, ng⇤⌅i ⇧⇤⌃c bi⌥t ⇧⌥n vi cái tên Tr ng Trình, B ch Vân c⇤ s⌦, và H nh Ph↵, mang rt nhiu danh hiu ✏ th⌥ k⇣ 16 c↵a Vit Nam. Ông không ch⇥ là m⌘t nhà th✓, mà còn là m⌘t nhà giáo, v◆ quan, và m⌘t nhà hin tri⌥t. Sau này ông còn ⇧⇤⌃c phong thánh trong ⇧ o Cao ài.

3. Nguyn B⇥nh Khiêm sinh ra t i thành ph mà ngày nay là Hi Phòng, ông theo h⌫c m⌘t v◆ tr ng nguyên nh⇤ng không tham d⇠ k⇡ thi chính th⇢c c↵a triu ⇧ình ⇧ tr✏ thành tr ng nguyên cho ⇧⌥n khi ông ⇧ã 44 tu⌧i, m⌘t th⌅i ⇧im rt mu⌘n trong cu⌘c ⇧⌅i. Tuy vy, ông ⇧ã là ng⇤⌅i ⇧ ⇧u trong s tt c nh ng ng⇤⌅i d⇠ thi trên toàn quc. M⌘t s nhà s! h⌫c tin r"ng l˝ do ông tham d⇠ k⇡ thi mu⌘n ⇧⌥n nh⇤ vy có liên quan ⇧⌥n hin tr ng ⇧t n⇤c Vit Nam ⇧ang tri qua m⌘t giai ⇧o n rt bt ⌧n trong l◆ch s!.

4. Nguyn B⇥nh Khiêm làm quan cho Triu ⇧ i nhà M c, m#c dù ông ⇧ã t$ quan n%m 1542 sau khi ⇧ trình m⌘t bn than phin v nh ng thi nát trong b⌘ máy chính quyn nh⇤ng b◆ b& ngoài tai. Sau ⇧ó, ông tr✏ l i thành ph quê h⇤✓ng ông và m✏ tr⇤⌅ng d y h⌫c, rt nhiu h⌫c sinh c↵a ông sau này ⇧ã tr✏ nên n⌧i ti⌥ng ✏ Vit Nam, nh⇤ Nguyn D , L⇤✓ng H u Khánh và Phùng Kh'c Khoan.

5. Nhiu nhà cm quyn trong giai ⇧o n th⌥ k⇣ 16 ⇧ã tìm g#p ông ⇧ h&i ˝ ki⌥n v các l⌦nh v⇠c khác nhau. Hai ng⇤⌅i n⌧i ti⌥ng nht ⇧ã nghe theo l⌅i khuyên c↵a ông là Nguyn Hoàng và Tr◆nh Kim. L⌅i khuyên c↵a ông ⇧ã d(n ⇧⌥n vic ⇧t n⇤c Vit Nam b◆ chia c't trong gn hai th⌥ k⇣.

ENGLISH

1. Nguyen Binh Khiem

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #18 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: NGUYEN BINH KHIEM 2 2. Nguyen Binh Khiem, who was also known as Trang Trinh, Bach Van cu si, and Hanh Phu, wore many hats in sixteenth-century Vietnam. He was not only a poet, but also a teacher, administrator, and sage. Later he was also made a saint within the religion of Cao Dai.

3. He was born in the city that is now known as Hai Phong, and he studied under a doctor. However, he did not pass the official government exam to become a doctor until he was forty-four, which was a very late time in life to do so. At that time, though, he ranked in the top of all those taking the exam nationwide. Some historians believe the reason he took the exam so late in life was related to the fact that Vietnam was at a very unstable point in its history.

4. Nguyen Binh Khiem served in the court of the Mac Dynasty, although he resigned his position in 1542 after the complaints he had lodged about corruption in the government had been ignored. At this time, he went back to the city of his birth and started a school, where he had many students who would go on to become very well-known in Vietnam, including Nguyen Du, Luong Huu Khanh, and Phung Khac Khoan.

5. Numerous rulers during the sixteenth century sought his advice on various subjects. Two of the most notable men who took his advice were Nguyen Hoang and Trinh Kiem. His advice resulted in the divided Vietnam that lasted for two centuries.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

nhà hin tri⌥t sage

quan administrator noun

thánh saint

thi nát corruption

⇧ trình lodge

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #18 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: NGUYEN BINH KHIEM 3 n⌧i ti⌥ng notable

than phin complaint

bt ⌧n unstable

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Nhà hin tri⇥t lão thành ⇤ó ⇤ôi lúc khá là Ông quan ⇤ó ⇤ã ⇤⌃a ra nhiu quy⇥t ⇤⇧nh l⌅p d⇧ nh⌃ng luôn ⇤⌃a ra nh⌥ng li gây tranh cãi khi còn t i v⇧.

khuyên thông thái. "The administrator made a lot of "The old sage seemed a bit eccentric at controversial decisions while in office." times but always gave very wise advice."

Ng⌃i dân tôn ông lên làm m⌦t v⇧ thánh Xem ra s↵ thi nát có khp n✏i trong b⌦ sau khi ông qua ⇤i. máy chính quyn ⇤⇧a ph⌃✏ng.

"The people looked up to him as a saint "It seemed like corruption was everywhere after his death." inside the local government."

Anh ta ⇤ã ⇤⇣ trình b⌘n kháng án chính Ông n◆i ti⇥ng vi nh⌥ng bài th✏ hay.

th✓c lên toà án liên bang. "He was most notable for his remarkable "He lodged a formal appeal with the poetry." federal court."

✏n gi⌘n là có nhiu li than phin v t n⌃c ⇤ang tr⌘i qua m⌦t giai ⇤o n bt cht l⌃⌫ng d⇧ch v⇠ c⇡a công ty ⇤⇥n m✓c ◆n, khi mà h có th⇢ g⇠c ngã tr⌃c bt không ⇤⇥m xu⇢. k⌧ quc gia nào mun chi⇥m ⇤ánh h.

"There were simply too many complaints "The nation was going through an about the company's service to count." unstable time when it would have fallen to any country that would try to conquer it."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #18 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: NGUYEN BINH KHIEM 4 Did you know?

Nhng l⇥i khuyên c⇤a Nguy⌅n B⇧nh Khiêm ⌃ã khi⌥n cho nhiu ng ⇥i tin r⌦ng ông có th↵ d ⌃oán ⌃ c t ng lai. Th✏m chí, ông ⌃ã ⌃ c ghi nh✏n v⇣i vi⌘c vi⌥t ra bài th S✓m Tr◆ng Trình, ⌃ c nhiu chuyên gia vn hc so sánh v⇣i t✏p th bn câu c⇤a Nostradamus. C⌫ng ging nh Nostradamus, l⇥i tiên tri c⇤a Nguy⌅n B⇧nh Khiêm có th↵ ⌃ c ⌃c theo nhiu cách. Bài th c⇤a ông ⌃ c nhiu ng ⇥i tin r⌦ng ⇠n ch⇡a nhng d ⌃oán v các s ki⌘n ch a x⇢y ra, mc dù chúng ⌃ c trình bày v⇣i phong cách huyn bí và có nhiu cách di⌅n gi⇢i. Bài th c⌫ng là m⌧t trong nhng ⌃i↵n tích vn hc ⌃u tiên nhc ⌃⌥n cái tên Vi⌘t Nam c⇤a ⌃✓t n ⇣c ông.

The many bits of advice given by Nguyen Binh Khiem resulted in many people believing that he could tell the future. In fact, he is credited with writing the epic poem The Prophecies of Trang Trinh, which many literary experts compare to the quatrains of Nostradamus. Like Nostradamus, the prophecies of Nguyen Binh Khiem could be read in more than one way. His epic poem is believed by many to contain many predictions of events that have not yet happened, although they are presented in a very mysterious way that is open to much interpretation. The poem also contains one of the earliest references to the name of Vietnam for his country.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #18 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: NGUYEN BINH KHIEM 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #19 Top 10 Vietnamese Writers: Vu Trong Phung

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 19

1. V Tr⇥ng Ph⇤ng

2. V Tr⇥ng Ph⇤ng là m⌅t nhà v⇧n l⌃n t⌥i Vit Nam ⌦↵u th k 20. Rt nhi✏u chuyên gia nghiên c⇣u v⇧n h⇥c ng⌘✓i Vit coi các tác ph◆m ca ông là kinh ⌦in v⇧n h⇥c, và các bài vit ca ông ⌦⌘c xp vào hàng ng các tác ph◆m có ⌫nh h⌘ ng nht ca th k 20.

3. Cha ca V Tr⇥ng Ph⇤ng mt vì bnh lao khi ông v⇠a tròn b⌫y tháng tu⇡i, và m⇢ ông ⌦ã ph⌫i t mình nuôi s⌧ng ông nên ng⌘✓i. Khi lên 16 tu⇡i, ông ph⌫i b h⇥c ⌦ làm vic giúp ⌦ gia ⌦ình. H↵u ht các tác ph◆m ca ông ⌦⌘c vit trong thp niên 1930, và trong g↵n 30 n⇧m, sách ca ông không ⌦⌘c tái b⌫n. Chúng bt ng✓ xut hin l⌥i vào n⇧m 1985, và sau ⌦ó vào n⇧m 2004, Peter Zinoman, m⌅t giáo s⌘ có nhi✏u ⌫nh h⌘ ng v✏ ông Nam Á h⇥c thu⌅c ⌥i h⇥c California, Berkeley, ⌦ã tìm l⌥i ⌦⌘c m⌅t b⌅ s⌘u tp g!m kho⌫ng 20 bài báo ⌦⌘c vit b i V Tr⇥ng Ph⇤ng.

4. Zinoman ⌦ã có nhi✏u bài vit v✏ các tác ph◆m ca V Tr⇥ng Ph⇤ng, và nhn xét r"ng ông ⌦ã gây ra nhi✏u tranh cãi trong m⌅t th✓i gian dài h#n bt k$ nhà v⇧n nào ⌦ã ho⌥t ⌦⌅ng trong th k 20 Vit Nam. Theo Zinoman, vic này b i vì rt nhi✏u tác ph◆m ca ông ⌦ã b% b r#i và không ⌦⌘c phân lo⌥i b i các nhà phê bình theo ch ngh&a c⌅ng s⌫n do n⌅i dung ca nó ⌦✏ cp quá nhi✏u ⌦n tình d⇤c và khiêu dâm. Tác ph◆m n⇡i ting nht ca V Tr⇥ng Ph⇤ng là S⌧ , m⌅t cu⌧n tiu thuyt do ông vit n⇧m 1936 có n⌅i dung châm bim t↵ng l⌃p trung l⌘u vào cu⌧i th✓i k$ thc dân Vit Nam. ⌫ng C⌅ng S⌫n Vit Nam ⌦ã cm l⌘u hành quyn sách t⇠ n⇧m 1960 ⌦n 1975 B'c Vit và sau ⌦ó trên toàn lãnh th⇡ Vit Nam th⌧ng nht cho ⌦n n⇧m 1986.

ENGLISH

1. Vu Trong Phung

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #19 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: VU TRONG PHUNG 2 2. Vu Trong Phung was a very influential author in Vietnam during the early part of the twentieth century. Many Vietnamese literary experts consider his works to be classics, and his writings were among the most influential of the 1900s.

3. Vu Trong Phung's father died from tuberculosis when he was just seven months old, so his mother raised him almost entirely on her own. When he was sixteen years old, he had to drop out of school so he could help support the family. Most of his work was written in the 1930s, and for almost thirty years, his books were out of print. They suddenly reappeared in 1985, and then in 2004, Peter Zinoman, an influential professor in the area of Southeast Asian studies at the University of California, Berkeley, rediscovered a collection of about twenty of the newspaper articles that were written by Vu Trong Phung.

4. Zinoman has written about Vu Trong Phung's writings, noting that he has caused a lot more controversy for a longer period of time than any other writer who was working during the twentieth century in Vietnam. According to Zinoman, this was because much of his work was left uncategorized by critics who were communists because it deals a lot with sex and pornography. Vu Trong Phung's most well-known work is Dumb Luck, a novel he wrote in 1936 that satirizes the middle class during late colonial times in Vietnam. The Vietnamese Communist Party banned the book between 1960 and 1975 in North Vietnam and then throughout the entire unified country until 1986.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English

tìm l⌥i rediscover

khiêu dâm pornography

th⌧ng nht unify

không ⌦⌘c phân lo⌥i uncategorized

bnh lao tuberculosis

nhà phê bình critic

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #19 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: VU TRONG PHUNG 3 c⌅ng s⌫n communist

thc dân colonial

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Tác phm ⇥ó b⇤ th⌅t l⇧c trong nhi⌃u n⌥m, Ng i ⇥àn ông ⇥ó ⇥n gin là b⇤ nghin nhng ⇥ã b⌅t ng ⇥⌦c tìm l⇧i vào m↵t thói khiêu dâm.

ngày kia. "The man was simply addicted to "The work had been lost for many years, pornography." but it was rediscovered one day out of the blue."

M↵t v⇤ th✏ l⇣nh ⇥⌦c giao tr⌘ng trách Các nhà nghiên cu bu↵c phi ⇥⌫ m↵t th✓ng nh⌅t ⇥⌅t n◆c s phi thc hin l⌦ng l◆n d⇠ liu không ⇥⌦c phân lo⇧i.

m↵t công vic r⌅t khó kh⌥n. "The researcher had to leave a large "A ruler tasked with unifying a nation has a chunk of the data uncategorized." tough job ahead of him."

Bnh lao là m↵t lo⇧i bnh r⌅t nghiêm Các nhà phê bình ⇥ã không ⇥ánh giá cao tr⌘ng. b↵ phim ⇥ó.

"Tuberculosis is a very serious disease." "The critics did not give the movie very good ratings."

⇡ng C↵ng sn ⇥óng vai trò quan tr⌘ng Vào th i thc dân, các qu✓c gia th ng trong xã h↵i Nga và Trung Qu✓c. c⇢ nh⇠ng nhà thám hi⌫m ⇥i tìm kim

vùng ⇥⌅t tr✓ng, ni ng i dân c✏a h⌘ có "The Communist Party plays a major role th⌫ ⇥n ⇥⇤nh c. in the societies of Russia and China." "In colonial times, it was very common for nations to send out explorers to seek empty lands where their people could settle."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #19 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: VU TRONG PHUNG 4 Did you know?

Tiu thuy⇥t S⇤ ⌅⇧ c⌃a V⌥ Trng Ph ng k câu chuy⌦n v↵ mt tên lu manh nh s✏ khôn ngoan c⌃a mình ⇣ã v⌘n lên trong xã hi, t✓ mt k◆ ⇣u ⇣ng xó ch Hà Ni bi⇥n thành ch⌃ nhân c⌃a nhng c⌫n bi⌦t th✏ sang trng ⇠ khu v✏c thng lu c⌃a thành ph⇤. Tình d c, ch⌃ ngh⇡a t b⇢n và thi trang, tt c⇢ ⇣↵u có vai trò quan trng trong truy⌦n, và rt nhi↵u chuyên gia nghiên c⌧u v⌫n hc coi ⇣ây là tác phm v⇡ ⇣i nht c⌃a ông. Peter Zinoman ⇣ã dch tác phm này sang ti⇥ng Anh, khi⇥n nó tr⇠ thành tiu thuy⇥t ⇣u tiên c⌃a Vi⌦t Nam thi k th✏c dân ⇣c dch sang ti⇥ng Anh và xut b⇢n ⇠ ph⌘ng Tây. M c ⌅ánh giá sách c⌃a t Los Angeles Times Sunday ⇣ã gi ⇣ây là mt trong nhng truy⌦n hay nht c⌃a n⌫m 2003.

Vu Trong Phung's novel Dumb Luck tells the story of a street-smart vagabond who rises through the classes, gradually trading the dingy sidewalks of Hanoi for the opulent mansions in the wealthy part of the city. Sex, capitalism, and fashion all play major roles in the book, which many literary experts consider to be his greatest work. Peter Zinoman translated the book into English, making it the first novel from the Vietnamese colonial era to be translated into the English language and published in the Western world. The Los Angeles Times Sunday Book Review named it one of the best fiction books in 2003.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #19 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: VU TRONG PHUNG 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #20 Top 10 Vietnamese Writers: Ho Xuan Huong

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 20

1. H Xuân H⇥⇤ng

2. Nhà th⇤ H Xuân H⇥⇤ng c⌅a Vi⇧t Nam sinh n⌃m 1772 và l⌥n lên trong mt th i k⌦ r↵i lon c⌅a lch s Vi⇧t Nam. Vào th i ✏ó, kh⇣i ngh⌘a Tây S⇤n v✓n ✏ang di◆n ra. H Xuân H⇥⇤ng ni ting vì tài làm th⇤ c⌅a bà, v⌥i các tác phm ✏⇥⌫c vit b⇠ng Ch⇡ Nôm. Các k˝ t⇢ này th⇢c cht ✏⇥⌫c d⇢a trên các k˝ t⇢ ch⇡ Trung Qu↵c và s d⌧ng ✏ th hi⇧n ngôn ng⇡ bình dân trong ting Vi⇧t. Hu ht các chuyên gia v⌃n hc coi bà là mt trong nh⇡ng nhà th⇤ c ✏in v⌘ ✏i nht trong lch s Vi⇧t Nam. Th m chí, bà còn ✏⇥⌫c tôn vinh là Bà Chúa th⇤ Nôm b⇣i vì bà ✏ã góp phn nâng ting Vi⇧t tr⇣ thành mt ngôn ng⇡ ✏⇥⌫c s d⌧ng trong các tác phm v⌃n hc.

3. Thông tin v! cuc ✏ i c⌅a H Xuân H⇥⇤ng khá s⇤ sài, nh⇥ng các nhà s hc kh"ng ✏nh r⇠ng bà quê ⇣ T#nh Ngh⇧ An và gia ✏ình bà chuyn ✏n Hà Ni khi bà còn là mt ✏$a tr%. Bà ✏⇥⌫c ph&ng ✏oán là con gái út c⌅a H Phi Di◆n, mt nhà giáo nghèo kh v⌥i ng⇥ i ph⌧ n⇡ s↵ng chung v⌥i ông.

4. H Xuân H⇥⇤ng dn tr⇣ nên ni ting ⇣ Hà Ni vì nh⇡ng bài th⇤ dí d&m c⌅a bà. Các nhà nghiên c$u tin r⇠ng bà ✏ã tr'i qua hai ✏ i chng b⇣i vì th⇤ c⌅a bà có nh(c ✏n hai ng⇥ i chng ti hai th i ✏im khác nhau trong cuc ✏ i bà. Mt ng⇥ i chng c⌅a bà là V⌘nh T⇥ ng, làm quan ph⌅, và Tng Cóc, mt v quan có ch$c cao h⇤n ng⇥ i chng th$ nht c⌅a bà. Tuy nhiên, khi bà c⇥⌥i Tng Cóc, bà ch# có bn ph n nh⇥ mt ng⇥ i v⌫ l) hay v⌫ th$, mt ✏i!u H Xuân H⇥⇤ng vô cùng c⌃m ghét và ✏ã ph'n ánh trong th⇤ c⌅a mình. Cuc hôn nhân ✏ó ch# kéo dài sáu tháng, ✏n khi Tng Cóc cht.

ENGLISH

1. Ho Xuan Huong

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #20 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: HO XUAN HUONG 2 2. The Vietnamese poet Ho Xuan Huong was born in 1772 and grew up during a time of turmoil in Vietnam. In those days, the Tay Son rebellion was going on. Ho Xuan Huong was especially known for her poetry, which she wrote using the Chu Nom script. This particular script actually adapted Chinese characters and used them for demotic references within the Vietnamese language. Most literary experts consider her to be one of the greatest classical poets in Vietnamese history. In fact, she has been called the Queen of Nom Poetry because she helped to elevate the Vietnamese language to one used for literary works.

3. Details of Ho Xuan Huong's life are rather sketchy, but historians do know that her birthplace was Nghe An Province and that her family moved to Hanoi while she was a child. It is generally accepted that she was the youngest daughter of Ho Phi Dien, an impoverished tutor, and the woman he cohabitated with.

4. Ho Xuan Huong became very well-known in Hanoi for writing very witty poetry. It is believed that she was married to two different men at different times because her poems do mention two different husbands at different times of her life. Apparently one of her husbands was Vinh Tuong, who was a government official, and Tong Coc, another government official who held a slightly higher position than her first husband. However, when she married Tong Coc, she merely held the position of concubine or second-rank wife, which her poems clearly show that she did not enjoy. That marriage lasted just six months until Tong Coc's death.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

r↵i lon turmoil

bình dân demotic

s↵ng chung cohabitate

dí d&m witty

v⌫ l) concubine

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #20 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: HO XUAN HUONG 3 nâng elevate adjective

nhà giáo tutor

nghèo kh impoverished

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Anh ta ang r⇥t r⇤i trí không bi⌅t mình Ngôn ng⌃ bình dân v⌥ c b⇧n là ngôn ng⌃ ph⇧i làm gì. qu n chúng.

"He was in turmoil over what he should "Demotic language was essential folk do." language."

⌦ôi tình nhân ó s⇤ng chung v↵i nhau Cô ⇥y r⇥t vui tính và dí d⇣m, d✏ lôi cu⇤n trong nhi⌥u nm tr↵c khi quy⌅t nh làm àn ông.

hôn l✏. "She was funny and witty in a way that "The couple cohabitated for many years made her attractive to most men." before finally deciding to get married."

Ông ta có c⇧ v⌘ l✓ l◆n v⌘ c⇧. Nh c↵i cô ⇥y, a v ca anh ta ã ⌘c

nâng lên hn tr↵c. "He kept a concubine in addition to his wife." "By marrying her, he enjoyed a status that was elevated over his previous status."

Nhà giáo ó ã làm nh⌃ng vic có th⌫ ⌫ Ông ta ch⌅t trong c⇧nh nghèo kh sau d⇠y c⇡u h⇢c sinh ca mình, nhng c⇡u khi ã s⇤ng m⌧t cu⌧c i no .

⇥y b thi⌫u nng trí tu nên không th⌫ "He died an impoverished man after living h⇢c t⇤t ⌘c. a life that was not lacking in anything." "The tutor did what she could to teach her student, but he had a learning disability that prevented him from learning quickly."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #20 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: HO XUAN HUONG 4 Did you know?

Trong phn l⇥n cu⇤c ⌅⇧i c⌃a mình, H⌥ Xuân H ng s⌦ng ⌅⇤c thân. Bà ⌅ã không c⇥i ai sau khi ng⇧i ch⌥ng th↵ hai c⌃a bà qua ⌅⇧i, và bà s⌦ng trong m⇤t cn nhà nh Hà N⇤i. Bà có r✏t nhi⇣u khách ⌅⌘n ch i, ⌅a s⌦ là nh✓ng nhà th . Tên c⌃a hai ng⇧i ⌅àn ông ⌅◆c nhc ⌅⌘n nhi⇣u trong các tác phm c⌃a bà. Bà th⇧ng khen ng◆i T⌦n Phong Th và m⇤t ng⇧i n✓a ch⌫ ⌅◆c nhc ⌅⌘n là "Nhà giáo c⌃a hoàng gia" (Cn Chánh h⇠c s⇡ Nguy⇢n Hu). R✏t nhi⇣u các bài th c⌃a H⌥ Xuân H ng sau này nói v⇣ nh✓ng ⌅a ⌅im khác nhau t⌧i Vit Nam, nên có th k⌘t lun là bà ⌅ã có ⌅i⇣u kin ⌅i du lch th⇧ng xuyên. Các tp th c⌃a bà cng cho th✏y bà là m⇤t ng⇧i ph n✓ m⌧nh m! ⌅ã ch⌦i b ⌅nh ki⌘n c⌃a xã h⇤i th⇧i ⌅ó v⇣ vai trò c⌃a n✓ gi⇥i.

For much of Ho Xuan Huong's life, she was a single woman. She remained unmarried after her second husband died, and she lived in a small home in Hanoi. She entertained many guests, many of whom were also poets. The names of two men stand out particularly in her writings. She writes favorably of Scholar Ton Phong Thi and another man who she only refers to as "The Imperial Tutor." Many of her poems later in life were about different places in Vietnam, so it seems evident that she was able to travel quite a bit. Her poems also show that she was a strong woman who rejected the societal norms of how women were viewed in those days.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #20 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: HO XUAN HUONG 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #21 Top 10 Vietnamese Writers: Xuan Dieu

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 21

1. Xuân Diu

2. Ngô Xuân Diu, ⇥⇤⌅c bi⇧t ⇥⇧n v⌃i bút danh Xuân Diu, là m⌥t nhà th n i ti⇧ng c⌦a Vit Nam. Ông ⇥⇤⌅c ghi nh↵n v⌃i khong 450 bài th, hu h⇧t trong s ⇥ó ⇥⇤⌅c xu✏t bn sau khi ch⇧t t⇣ các t↵p bn tho ông ⇥⌘ l✓i. Ngoài các t↵p th, ông còn vi⇧t phê bình v◆n hc, lu↵n v◆n và báo.

3. Xuân Diu sinh ra Gò Bi, thôn Tùng Gin. Cha c⌦a ông là nhà giáo. Ông hc ⇥✓i hc và tt nghip n◆m 1943 v⌃i b⌫ng k⇠ s⇤ nông nghip. Cùng n◆m ⇥ó ông gia nh↵p h⌥i Vit Minh, là phong trào kháng chi⇧n ch⌦ cht chng l✓i th⇡c dân Pháp, và ông b⇢t ⇥u sáng tác th kháng chi⇧n chng Pháp. Vào thi ⇥i⌘m này, ông ⇥ã n i ti⇧ng là m⌥t nhà th tr⌧ tình. Ông cng tham gia m⌥t s phong trào v◆n hc tiêu bi⌘u Vit Nam, nh⇤ T⇡ L⇡c V◆n oàn và Phong trào Th M⌃i.

4. Ông có hai t↵p th ⇥⇤⌅c mi ng⇤i coi là kit tác. ó là Th Th, ⇥⇤⌅c xu✏t bn n◆m 1938, và Gi h⇤ng cho gió, xu✏t bn n◆m 1945. Truyn ng⇢n c⌦a ông "Ph✏n thông vàng," ra ⇥i n◆m 1939 cng ⇥⇤⌅c coi là m⌥t tác ph m l⌃n. N⌥i dung các tác ph m c⌦a ông th⇤ng t↵p trung vào tình yêu, h✓nh phúc và yêu th⇤ng cu⌥c sng. Ông cng có nhi!u tác ph m tích c⇡c v! mùa xuân, tu i tr" và thiên nhiên. Ông m✏t n◆m 1985.

5. Ngày nay các tác ph m c⌦a Xuân Diu ⇥⇤⌅c d✓y trong r✏t nhi!u tr⇤ng hc t✓i Vit Nam. Tên c⌦a ông cng ⇥⇤⌅c ⇥#t cho m⌥t ph Hà N⌥i.

ENGLISH

1. Xuan Dieu

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #21 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: XUAN DIEU 2 2. Ngo Xuan Dieu, who most know by his pseudonym Xuan Dieu, was a very well-known poet in Vietnam. He is credited with around 450 poems, most of which were published posthumously from manuscripts he left behind. In addition to those poems, he also wrote many literary reviews, essays, and notes.

3. Xuan Dieu was born in the Go Boi, Tung Gian commune. His father was a teacher. He went to the university and graduated in 1943 with an agricultural engineering degree. The same year, he also joined the Viet Minh, which was the main resistance movement against the French colonialists, and he began to write poems about resisting the French. At that time, he had already become famous for writing love poetry. He also belonged to a few important literary movements in Vietnam, including the Self-Reliance Literary Movement and the New Poetry Movement.

4. Two of his collections of poetry in particular are considered by many to be his masterpieces. They are Poetry Poem, which was published in 1938, and Perfume Flies with the Wind, which was published in 1945. His short story "Golden Pine Pollen," which came out in 1939, is also considered to be one of his great works. His writings largely focus on love, happiness, and the joy of living. He also wrote favorably about spring, youth, and nature. He died in 1985.

5. Today Xuan Dieu's work is studied in most schools all across Vietnam. There is also a street named after him in Hanoi.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English

bút danh pseudonym

sau khi ch⇧t posthumously

bn tho manuscript

thôn commune

tích c⇡c favorably

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #21 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: XUAN DIEU 3 thiên nhiên nature

kháng chi⇧n resistance

h⇤ng perfume

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Anh ta s d⇥ng bút danh ⇤⌅ có th⌅ vi⇧t Nhà vn ⇤ó ch ⇤⌦✏c m⇣i ng⌦↵i công b⌃t c⌥ th⌥ gì anh ta mun mà không b nh⌘n tài nng sau khi qua ⇤↵i.

ng⌦↵i ta phát hin. "The author was only recognized for his "He used a pseudonym so that he could talent posthumously. " write whatever he wanted without people knowing that he wrote it."

Cô ⌃y ⇤ã phát hin ra r⌃t nhi✓u b◆n th◆o Cu⌫c sng trong m⌫t thôn xã r⌃t khó tác phm ca ông khi d⇣n dp phòng cho khn, và ông th⌦↵ng m⇠ v✓ cu⌫c sng ⇡ ông. bên ngoài.

"She discovered his numerous "Life inside the commune was very manuscripts after cleaning out his closet." difficult, and he often dreamed about what it would be like outside."

Ông có cái nhìn tích c⇢c v✓ ng⌦↵i ph⇥ n Thiên nhiên mang trong mình c◆ v ⇤p mà con trai ông mun c⌦⌧i. ln s⇢ khc lit.

"He looked favorably upon the woman his "There is both beauty and violence in son chose to marry." nature."

Phong trào kháng chi⇧n ngày càng l⌧n Mùi h⌦⇠ng ca cô ⌃y khi⇧n ng⌦↵i ta say mnh. mê.

"The resistance movement was growing "The smell of her perfume was stronger by the day." intoxicating."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #21 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: XUAN DIEU 4 Did you know?

Mc dù Xuân Di⇥u n⇤i ti⌅ng v⇧ th⌃ tr⌥ tình, ông ch c ⌦i v↵ úng mt ln và trong mt th✏i gian ng⇣n. H⌘i ó ông v✓n còn tr◆, và ông ã ch⌅t khi còn c thân. Hu h⌅t các nhà phê bình vn hc ⇧u tin rng ông là ng ✏i ⌘ng tính luy⌅n ái. H tin rng b⌫n thân c⇠a ông là Huy C⇡n, mt nhà th⌃ khác n⇤i ti⌅ng h⌘i ó, c⇢ng là ng ✏i ⌘ng tính luy⌅n ái. Rt nhi⇧u bài th⌃ c⇠a Xuân Di⇥u dành cho và d ✏ng nh nói v⌦i àn ông. Bài th⌃ c⇠a ông "Tình trai" nói v⇧ tình yêu c⇠a Paul Verlaine và Arthur Rimbaud, hai nhà th⌃ n⇤i ti⌅ng c⇠a Pháp. Mt nhà vn khác ã vi⌅t trong h⌘i k˝ c⇠a mình là khi h cùng làm vi⇥c trong quân i Vi⇥t Minh, Xuân Di⇥u ã có ln b⌧ khin trách bi vì ông ã s✏ vào nh⌥ng ng ✏i khác khi h ng⇠ chung gi ✏ng.

Although Xuan Dieu was largely known for his love poetry, he was married only once and that was just for a very short time. He was young then, and he eventually died as a bachelor. Most literary critics believe that he was homosexual. It is believed that his close friend Huy Can, another very well-known poet of the day, was also homosexual. Many of Xuan Dieu's poems are dedicated to and seem to be addressing men. His poem entitled "Man's Love" is about the love of Paul Verlaine and Arthur Rimbaud, two very famous French poets. Another writer wrote in his memoirs that while they were serving in the Viet Minh together, Xuan Dieu received a reprimand because he apparently was touching other men while they were in bed.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #21 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: XUAN DIEU 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #22 Top 10 Vietnamese Writers: Han Mac Tu

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 22

1. Hàn Mc T⇥

2. Hàn Mc T⇥, nhà th⇤ n⌅i ti⇧ng c⌃a Vi⌥t Nam sinh nm 1912 t i Làng L⌥ M⌦ thu↵c Tnh Qung Bình. Tên khai sinh c⌃a ông là Nguyn Tr✏ng Trí, ông s⇥ d⇣ng r⌘t nhi✓u bút danh ◆ vi⇧t th⇤ nh L⌥ Thanh, Phong Trn và Minh Du⌥. Bút danh ◆⌫c ông ch✏n s⇥ d⇣ng sau này trong s⇠ nghi⌥p là Hàn Mc T⇥, và ngày nay các tác ph⇡m c⌃a ông v⇢n ◆⌫c xu⌘t bn di cái tên ◆ó.

3. Hàn Mc T⇥ sinh ra trong m↵t gia ◆ình nghèo, cha c⌃a ông qua ◆⌧i khi ông còn r⌘t tr. Tuy phi chu nhi✓u thách thc nh v y, tài làm th⇤ c⌃a ông ◆ã sm xu⌘t hi⌥n khi ông ch là m↵t ◆a tr. Trong cu↵c ◆⌧i ng!n ng⌃i c⌃a ông, ông ◆ã có ln ◆⌫c gp Phan B↵i Châu, ng⌧i ◆⌫c nhi✓u ng⌧i ghi nh n là m↵t trong nh"ng nhà khai sáng c⌃a ch⌃ ngh#a dân t↵c Vi⌥t Nam $ th⇧ k% 20 và là nhà sáng l p H↵i Duy Tân. Cu↵c gp g& ◆nh m⌥nh này có k⇧t qu là nh"ng bài th⇤ c⌃a ông ◆⌫c Phan B↵i Châu khen ng⌫i h⇧t l⌧i, và ông ◆ã tr$ nên n⌅i ti⇧ng khi còn r⌘t tr.

4. R⌘t nhi✓u các bài th⇤ sáng tác b$i Hàn Mc T⇥ ◆✓u ◆⌫c vi⇧t cho ph⇣ n" - c có th⇠c l⇢n h c⌘u. Ng⌧i Vi⌥t Nam phn ln ◆✓u bi⇧t ◆⇧n ông nh m↵t nhà th⇤ tr" tình, mc dù ông c'ng vi⇧t r⌘t nhi✓u các bài th⇤ dân dã. Các tác ph⇡m ◆u tiên c⌃a ông ◆⌫c khen ng⌫i vì th th⇤ và gi✏ng vn hoàn ho c⌃a chúng, tuy r(ng các t p th⇤ sau này c⌃a ông có th hi⌥n nh h$ng c⌃a Ch⌃ ngh#a T⌫ng trng Pháp.

5. Nhà th⇤ Hàn Mc T⇥ phi ch)ng ch✏i vi b⌥nh phong trong ba nm trc khi ông g⇣c ngã ln cu)i cùng vào nm 1940 $ tu⌅i 28.

ENGLISH

1. Han Mac Tu

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #22 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: HAN MAC TU 2 2. The famous Vietnamese poet Han Mac Tu was born in 1912 in Le My Village in Quang Binh Province. His birth name was Nguyen Trong Tri, and he wrote his poetry under a number of pseudonyms, including Le Thanh, Phong Tran, and Minh Due. The pen name he finally settled on later in his career was Han Mac Tu, and today his works are still published under that name.

3. Han Mac Tu was born into a very poor family, and his father died while he was still very young. In spite of these challenges, his poetic talent began to show while he was still a child. During the course of his short life, he also got to meet Phan Boi Chau, who is considered by many to be the pioneer of Vietnamese nationalism in the twentieth century and was credited with the formation of the Reformation Society. This fateful meeting resulted in great praise for his poetry from Phan Boi Chau, which brought him fame at a very young age.

4. Many of the poems written by Han Mac Tu are addressed to women—both real and fictitious. The Vietnamese know him largely as a love poet, although he also wrote many folk poems. His earliest works were praised for their perfect form and diction, although his later work displayed a distinct influence of French symbolism.

5. The poet suffered from leprosy for three years before he finally succumbed to the disease in 1940 at the age of twenty-eight.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

h c⌘u fictitious

◆nh m⌥nh fateful

gi✏ng vn diction

b⌥nh phong leprosy

g⇣c ngã succumb

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #22 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: HAN MAC TU 3 khen ng⌫i praise

bút danh pseudonym

th⇤ poetic noun

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Câu chuyn v⇥ vic làm th⇤ nào anh ta Vào ngày ⌅ nh mnh ⌅ó, tình th⇤ c⌦a có ⌅⇧⌃c quy⌥n sách ⌅ó là hoàn toàn h⇧ cu↵c chi⇤n ⌅ã b ⌅o ng⇧⌃c.

cu. "On that fateful day, the tides of the war "The story of how he came to possess the changed." book was entirely fictitious."

Bà y ⌅ã ⌅ng lên bc và b✏t ⌅⇣u phát Bnh phong không phi là m↵t loi bnh bi⌥u b⌘ng m↵t gi✓ng v◆n hoàn ho. d ch ⌅ang d⇣n ⌅⇧⌃c ⌅y lui vào ngày

nay. "She stepped up to the podium and began to speak with perfect diction." "Leprosy is not a disease that is becoming less common today."

Cui cùng anh ta ⌅ã b gc ngã tr⇧⌫c C⇢u y ch nh⇢n ⌅⇧⌃c l⇠i khen ng⌃i c⌦a ham mun c⌦a mình v⌫i ng⇧⇠i ph n⇡ ⌅ó. bà sau khi c⇢u ⌅ã d✓n d⌧p nhà ca khi

bà ⌅i v✏ng. "He finally succumbed to his desires for the woman." "He earned her praise only after he had cleaned the house while she was away."

Anh ta s dng bút danh ⌅⌥ có th⌥ vi⇤t Tài làm th c⌦a ông ⌅ã không ⌅⇧⌃c phát bt c th gì anh ta mun mà không b hin và nuôi d⇧ng mãi cho t⌫i khi ông ng⇧⇠i ta phát hin. theo h✓c ⌅i h✓c.

"He used a pseudonym so that he could "His poetic talent did not blossom and write whatever he wanted without people grow until after he went away to the knowing that he wrote it." university."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #22 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: HAN MAC TU 4 Did you know?

Hàn Mc T⇥ ⇤⌅⇧c ghi nh⌃n v⌥i sáu t⌃p th, tuy nhiên ch m⌦t trong s↵ ⇤ó (Gái Quê, dch sang ting Anh là "Country Girls") ⇤⌅⇧c xut b✏n khi ông còn s↵ng. H⇣u ht các bài th c⌘a ông v✓n ch⌅a ⇤⌅⇧c dch sang ting Anh b◆i thi phong c⌘a ông có n cha quá nhiu ⇤i⌫m tinh t trong ngôn ng⇠ Vi⇡t Nam, là nh⇠ng thách thc rt l⌥n trong vi⇡c dch chúng sang ting Anh. Mc dù ông là m⌦t tín ⇤⇢ Thiên Chúa giáo La Mã, ông ⇤ã s⇥ dng rt nhiu ˝ t⌅◆ng Ph⌃t giáo trong th c⌘a mình. Phong cách c⌘a Hàn Mc T⇥ ph⇣n l⌥n tuân theo phong cách C⌧ ⇤i⌫n trong su↵t cu⌦c ⇤i ngn ng⌘i c⌘a ông, tuy rng khi ông tr⌅◆ng thành và ⇤c bi⇡t là sau khi ông b b⇡nh phong, th c⌘a ông có mang nhiu nét ⇤au th⌅ng.

Han Mac Tu is credited with six different collections of poetry, although only one (Gai Que, which translates to Country Girls) was published while he was still alive. For the most part, his poetry has not been translated to English because his style contains so many subtle nuances of the Vietnamese language that there are many challenges to translating them into English. Although he was a practicing Roman Catholic, he used many Buddhist ideas throughout his poems. His style remained largely classical throughout his short lifetime, although as he aged and especially after he contracted leprosy, his poems displayed very tortured language.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #22 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: HAN MAC TU 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #23 Top 10 Vietnamese Writers: Nguyen Tuan

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 23

1. Nguyn Tuân

2. Nhà v⇥n Nguyn Tuân c⇤a Vi⌅t Nam có l⇧ ⌃⌥c bi t ⌃ n nhi⌦u nh↵t bi nhng tùy bút sáng to và phong cách ⌃✏c ⌃áo c⇤a ông trong vi⌅c s⇣ d⌘ng ti ng Vi⌅t ⌃✓ bày t◆ quan ⌃i✓m c⇤a mình. Các tác phm c⇤a ông ⌃⌥c coi là kinh ⌃i✓n v⇥n hc và ⌃⌥c dy cho hc sinh ti hu h t các tr⌥⌫ng hc Vi⌅t Nam. Thêm vào ⌃ó, hu h t các nhà phê bình v⇥n hc c⇤a Vi⌅t Nam ⌃⌦u x p ông vào danh sách chín nhà v⇥n tiêu bi✓u nh↵t c⇤a v⇥n hc Vi⌅t Nam hi⌅n ⌃i.

3. Nguyn Tuân sinh n⇥m 1910 ti m✏t ngôi làng nh◆ nay thu✏c Hà N✏i. Hu h t các thành viên trong gia ⌃ình ông ⌃⌦u theo nghi⌅p Nho giáo, m⇠c dù vào th⌫i c⇤a ông, Nho giáo phn l⇡n ⌃ã suy tàn vì ⇢nh h⌥ng c⇤a Pháp ⌃ n v⇥n hoá Vi⌅t Nam. tu⌧i 19, ông b ⌃u⌧i hc bi vì ông ⌃ã tham gia phong trào ki n ngh ph⇢n ⌃i m✏t nhóm các giáo viên ng⌥⌫i Pháp ⌃ã nói x↵u ng⌥⌫i Vi⌅t Nam. Không lâu sau ⌃ó, ông b b◆ tù do ⌃ã v⌥t biên không phép vào Thái Lan. Sau khi tr v⌦ Vi⌅t Nam, ông bt ⌃u vi t v⇥n và làm vi⌅c v⇡i t⌥ cách m✏t nhà báo.

4. M⇠c dù ông bt ⌃u vi t v⇥n vào ⌃u th p niên 1930, các tác phm c⇤a ông không nh n ⌃⌥c nhi⌦u s! chú ˝ cho ⌃ n n⇥m 1938 và các n⇥m sau ⌃ó. Các ch⇤ ⌃⌦ ⌃⌥c ⌃⌦ c p ⌃ n bi Nguyn Tuân th⌥⌫ng xuyên ⌃⌥c thay ⌃⌧i trong sut cu✏c ⌃⌫i ông, do ông hay thí nghi⌅m v⇡i nhng ch⇤ ⌃⌦ và v⇥n phong khác nhau. Tuy v y, các tùy bút c⇤a ông m⇡i là n✏i dung ch⇤ y u nh n ⌃⌥c s! quan tâm c⇤a các nhà phê bình, và ⌃ó chính là phong cách vi t mà ông ⌃ã gn bó nhi⌦u nh↵t sau khi ông nh n ra thành công c⇤a mình trong th✓ loi v⇥n hc này.

ENGLISH

1. Nguyen Tuan

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #23 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: NGUYEN TUAN 2 2. The Vietnamese author Nguyen Tuan is probably best known for his unusual essays and the unique ways he uses the Vietnamese language to express his views. His works are considered classics and are studied by students in most schools throughout Vietnam. In fact, most Vietnamese literary critics list him among the top nine contemporary Vietnamese authors.

3. Nguyen Tuan was born in 1910 in a small village that is now part of Hanoi. Most of his family members were very traditional Confucians, although by the time he was born, Confucianism was largely in decline as France's influence on Vietnamese culture was growing. At the age of nineteen, he was suspended from school because he took part in a petition against a group of French teachers who had spoken badly about the Vietnamese people in general. Not long after that, he was imprisoned because he illegally crossed the border into Thailand. Upon his return to Vietnam, he began to write and work as a journalist.

4. Although he started writing in the early 1930s, he did not gain any attention with his work until 1938 and afterwards. The topics covered by Nguyen Tuan varied quite widely throughout his life as he experimented with various topics and writing styles. His essays were what caught the attention of the critics, though, and that's the writing style he pretty much stayed with after he began to realize his success with it.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

hi⌅n ⌃i modern

suy tàn decline

nhà phê bình critic

hi⌅n ⌃i contemporary

v⇥n hc literary noun

ki n ngh petition

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #23 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: NGUYEN TUAN 3 b◆ tù imprison

nhà báo journalist

thí nghi⌅m experiment

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Ngày nay, có rt nhi⇥u ng⇤⌅i cho r⇧ng h⌃ Công ty ã ri vào tình trng suy thoái không th⌥ sng thi u nh⌦ng ti↵n nghi nhanh chóng sau khi v✏ T⇣ng Giám ⌘c hi↵n i. qua ⌅i.

"Many people today don't feel like they "The Company went into rapid decline could live without modern conveniences." after the CEO died."

Các nhà phê bình ã không ánh giá cao V◆n h⌃c hi↵n i bóng by hn v◆n h⌃c b✓ phim ó. c⇣ i⌥n rt nhi⇥u.

"The critics did not give the movie very "The contemporary style is much sleeker good ratings." than the traditional style."

Cô y ã không b qua nh⌦ng i⌥n tích Ng⇤⌅i dân ã truy⇥n tay nhau m✓t ki n v◆n h⌃c ⇤c s⌫ d⇠ng trong cu✓c àm ngh✏ yêu c⇡u bãi b i⇥u lu⇢t mi.

thoi. "The people circulated a petition asking for "She did not dismiss the literary reference the new law to be repealed." in the conversation."

Ông ã b✏ b tù trong khong th⌅i gian 30 Nhà báo ó rt thích ⌧t nh⌦ng câu hi n◆m. gây tranh cãi.

"He was imprisoned for about 30 years." "The journalist enjoyed asking controversial questions."

Nhà bác h⌃c ó ã làm thí nghi↵m trên nh⌦ng con chu✓t.

"The scientist experimented on rats."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #23 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: NGUYEN TUAN 4 Did you know?

Mt ch⇥ ⇤⌅ xu⇧t hi⌃n xuyên su⌥t trong các tác phm c⇥a Nguy n Tuân là tình yêu tha thi⌦t Vi⌃t Nam ⇤⇧t n↵c quê h↵ng ông. Ông tp trung ch⇥ y⌦u vào nét ⇤✏p c⇥a quá kh⇣ và l⌥i s⌥ng tru⌘ l✓c. Ch⇥ ngh◆a hi⌃n thc cng là mt phn quan tr⌫ng trong tác phm c⇥a ông, m⇠c dù y⌦u t⌥ n⇡i bt nh⇧t phân bi⌃t các tác phm c⇥a ông vi nh⇢ng nhà vn hi⌃n thc khác là vi⌃c các nhân vt c⇥a ông luôn gi⇢ ⇤↵⌧c các giá tr truy⌅n th⌥ng tuy phi s⌥ng trong ⇤i⌅u ki⌃n vt ch⇧t kh⇡ cc. Sau Cách m✓ng tháng Tám 1945, các tác phm c⇥a ông có thay ⇤⇡i chút ít ⇤ phù h⌧p vi quan ⇤im c⇥a chính quy⌅n cng sn, nh↵ng ông v n ti⌦p t!c gi⇢ ⇤↵⌧c lòng yêu n↵c n"ng nàn và tha thi⌦t c⇥a mình - b#ng cách s$ d!ng hình t↵⌧ng các nhân vt khác và qun chúng nhân dân thay cho các nhân vt tr↵c ⇤ó c⇥a ông.

The one theme that seems to be apparent throughout the works of Nguyen Tuan is the fact that he loved his native country of Vietnam. He focused much on the beauty of the past and corrupted lifestyles. Realism was also a big part of his work, although the one thing that greatly differentiated his work from other realist authors was the fact that his characters kept their traditional values in spite of their poor physical living conditions. After the August Revolution in 1945, his work changed a bit so that it was still palatable to the communist government, but he continued to maintain his patriotism and love for his country—just through the use of different characters and common people instead of the previous characters he created.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #23 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: NGUYEN TUAN 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #24 Top 10 Vietnamese Writers: Duong Thu Huong

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 24

1. D⇥ng Thu H⇥ng

2. Nhà v⇤n D⇥ng Thu H⇥ng c⌅a Vi⇧t Nam sinh ra n⇤m 1947 và hi⇧n ⌃ang là m⌥t trong nhng ng i ch⌦ng ⌃⌦i n↵i ting nht ti qu⌦c gia này. Th✏m chí, hi⇧n bà còn không ⌃⇣c phép r i kh⌘i qu⌦c gia, và ⌃ã t✓ng b◆ ⌃i tù m⌥t th i gian vì nhng ch trích c⌅a bà v chính ph⌅ Vi⇧t Nam và s th⌦i nát trong chính quyn mà bà ⌃ã ph⌫i ch⇠ng kin.

3. D⇥ng Thu H⇥ng sinh n⇤m 1947, nên bà v⇡n còn là m⌥t thanh niên ⇢ ⌃nh cao c⌅a cu⌥c Chin tranh Vi⇧t Nam. Bà ⌃ã tình nguy⇧n tham gia ⌃oàn n dân quân phc v trên chin tuyn. Trong b⌫y n⇤m, bà ⌃ã làm vi⇧c trong nhng khu r✓ng c⌅a Vi⇧t Nam và trong các ⌃ ng h⌧m ⇢ Bình Tr◆ Thiên, là m⌥t trong nhng khu vc b◆ b⌘ bom nhiu nht. Bà ⌃ã t✓ng trình din v⇤n ngh⇧ ⌃ nâng cao tinh th⌧n binh s trong cu⌥c chin. Bà c ng giúp ⌃! ch⇤m sóc nhng binh lính b◆ th⇥ng và chôn ct nhng ng i ⌃ã cht. Có 40 tình nguy⇧n viên trong nhóm c⌅a bà, và bà là m⌥t trong b⌥ ba ng i duy nht còn s⌦ng sót.

4. Sau n⇤m 1975 khi B"c và Nam Vi⇧t m⌥t l⌧n na li tr⇢ thành m⌥t qu⌦c gia th⌦ng nht, bà b"t ⌃⌧u ⌃⇣c bit v ⌃iu ki⇧n s⌦ng khác nhau gia min B"c và min Nam. Vi⇧c này khin bà ph⌫i b⇤n kho⇤n, c ng nh vi⇧c chính quyn C⌥ng s⌫n ⌃ã d✏p t"t nhng thông tin v nó. Bà b"t ⌃⌧u vit và phê phán chính quyn Vi⇧t Nam và ⌃ã b◆ Dang cong san coi là m⌥t nhà v⇤n ch⌦ng ⌃⌦i va h# ⌃ã ⌃u↵i bà kh⌘i hàng ng $⌫ng C⌥ng s⌫n n⇤m 1991. Ngày nay bà là m⌥t trong nhng nhà v⇤n n↵i ting nht t✓ Vi⇧t Nam, m%c dù nhng tác ph&m c⌅a bà ch ⌃⇣c xut b⌫n ⇢ n'c ngoài vì chúng ⌃ã b◆ cm lu hành trong n'c.

ENGLISH

1. Duong Thu Huong

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #24 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: DUONG THU HUONG 2 2. Vietnamese author Duong Thu Huong was born in 1947 and is now one of the most well- known dissidents in the country. In fact, she is no longer even able to leave the country, and she also spent some time in prison for her criticisms of the government in Vietnam and the corruption that she has seen in it.

3. Duong Thu Huong was born in 1947, so she was just becoming a young adult at the height of the Vietnam War. She volunteered and began serving in a young women's brigade on the front lines. For seven years, she worked in the jungles of her nation and also in the Binh Tri Thien tunnels, which was one of the most heavily bombarded areas. She gave performances to the troops in hopes of lifting their spirits during the war. She also helped take care of wounded soldiers and bury those who died. There were forty volunteers in her group, and she was one of only a trio of survivors.

4. After 1975, when North and South Vietnam were reunited into one nation once again, she began to learn how different living conditions were in the North and the South. This bothered her, as did the way the Communist government repressed much information. She began to write and speak out against the Vietnamese government and has now been labeled a dissident writer by the Communist Party, which expelled her in 1991. Today she is one of the most popular writers from Vietnam, although her work is only published outside of the country because her books are banned inside Vietnam.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

b◆ th⇥ng wounded adjective

b⌘ bom bombard verb

tinh th⌧n spirit noun

b⌥ ba trio noun

ch⌦ng ⌃⌦i dissident

d✏p t"t repress

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #24 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: DUONG THU HUONG 3 ⌃u↵i expel verb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Ng⇥i lính tr⇤ v⌅ nhà trong tình tr⇧ng b⌃ Ông ↵y ã b⌃ d lun công kích sau quyt th⌥ng nhng may mn v n còn s⌦ng ⌃nh c✏a mình.

sót. "He was bombarded with complaints after "The soldier returned home wounded but his decision." alive."

Cô ↵y ã làm nh⇣ng vi⌘c có th✓ ✓ x⌦c B ba ó ã hát r↵t hay chào m⌫ng l⇧i tinh th◆n c✏a anh ta, nhng t↵t c ⌅u nh⇣ng ng⇥i tham gia bu⇠i ti⌘c.

vô vng. "The trio sang beautifully for the people "She did what she could to raise his spirits, attending the banquet." but to no avail."

⇡ mt s⌦ qu⌦c gia, nh⇣ng ng⇥i ch⌦ng Ban quan h⌘ công chúng c✏a công ty ã ⌦i chính tr⌃ th⇥ng b⌃ giam c◆m ho⇢c dp tt nh⇣ng câu chuy⌘n kinh d⌃ v⌅ vi⌘c thm chí t hình. xy ra ⌦i v⌧i nh⇣ng khách hàng s dng

sn phm c✏a h. "In certain countries, political dissidents are imprisoned or even put to death." "The public relations department of the company repressed the horror stories about what was happening to consumers who used their products."

Cu hc sinh ó ã b⌃ u⇠i khi tr⇥ng vì thái vô k lut.

"The student was expelled from school for insubordinate behavior."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #24 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: DUONG THU HUONG 4 know?

Ba tiu thuy⇥t ⇤⌅u tiên c⇧a D⌃⌥ng Thu H⌃⌥ng (Hành trình ngày th⌥ u, Bên kia b ⌦o v↵ng, và Nhng thiên ⇤⌃ ng mù) ⇤ã mau chóng tr thành các tác phm bán ch✏y nht Vi⇣t Nam cho ⇤⇥n khi chúng b⌘ cm l⌃u hành. Nhng thiên ⇤⌃ ng mù là tiu thuy⇥t Vi⇣t Nam ⇤⌅u tiên ⇤⌃✓c xut b⌦n b◆ng ti⇥ng Anh M. Vi⇣c gi tác phm Tiu thuy⇥t vô ⇤ c⇧a bà t⌫i m⇠t nhà xut b⌦n n⌃⌫c ngoài ⇤ã d⇡n ⇤⇥n vi⇣c bà b⌘ b⇢ tù b⌦y tháng, và h⇠ chi⇥u c⇧a bà b⌘ thu hi n⌧m 1995. Bi k⌘ch c⇧a D⌃⌥ng Thu H⌃⌥ng ch là bà ⇤ang s dng nhng tác phm này ⇤ truyn t⌦i m⇠t thông ⇤i⇣p ⇤⇥n ng⌃ i dân Vi⇣t Nam, nh⌃ng h↵ l✏i không th ⇤↵c sách c⇧a bà tr khi m⇠t ai ⇤ó chuyn l u chúng vào trong n⌃⌫c.

Duong Thu Huong's first three novels (Journey in Childhood, Beyond Illusions, and Paradise of the Blind) rapidly became bestselling books in Vietnam until they were banned. Paradise of the Blind was also the first Vietnamese novel that was ever published in English in the United States. Sending her book Novel Without a Name to a foreign publisher resulted in a seven- month imprisonment for her, and her passport was revoked in 1995. What is especially tragic about her work is the fact that she is using it to deliver a message to the people of Vietnam, but unfortunately they are not able to read her books unless someone smuggles them into the country illegally.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #24 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: DUONG THU HUONG 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #25 Top 10 Vietnamese Writers: Nam Cao

CONTENTS

2 Vietnamese 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Cultural Insight

# 25

1. Nam Cao

2. Nhà vn Nam Cao c⇥a Vi⇤t Nam có tên th⌅t là Tr⇧n H⌃u Tri, sinh nm 1915. Ông n⌥i ting v i nhi⌦u tác ph↵m truy⇤n ngn và tiu thuyt. Các nhà phê bình vn hc ✏ã ✏ánh giá r⇣t cao nh⌃ng miêu t⌘ c⇥a ông v⌦ cu✓c s◆ng ti Vi⇤t Nam nh⌃ng nm 1940.

3. Cha m c⇥a Nam Cao là m✓t cp v⌫ ch⇠ng nông dân nghèo ⇡ T⇢nh Hà Nam, ông là ng⌧i con duy nh⇣t c⇥a h ✏⌫c ✏i hc ✏⇧y ✏⇥. Khi hc xong trung hc, ông vào Sài Gòn và làm nhân viên ti m✓t hi⇤u may. Ông bt ✏⇧u vit tác ph↵m ✏⇧u tiên trong th⌧i gian làm nhân viên ti ✏ây. Không lâu sau khi vào làm nhân viên, ông tr⇡ thành giáo viên ti m✓t tr⌧ng t ⇡ Hà N✓i. Th⌅t không may, ngôi tr⌧ng ✏ã b ✏óng ca sau khi ông làm vi⇤c ⇡ ✏ó m✓t th⌧i gian do b lính Nh⌅t chim ✏óng. Sau khi m⇣t vi⇤c do tr⌧ng hc ✏óng ca, ông bt ✏⇧u làm công vi⇤c gia s và bt ✏⇧u vit báo t do cho m✓t s◆ toà son.

4. Nm 1943, Nam Cao gia nh⌅p H✓i Vn hoá C u Qu◆c, và tr⇡ thành m✓t m!c tiêu c⇥a chính quy⌦n thc dân ti th⌧i ✏im ✏ó. Ông ✏ã tr⇡ v⌦ quê h"ng và ✏⌫c b⇧u làm ch⇥ tch xã. Ông xin ngh⇢ vi⇤c m✓t th⌧i gian sau ✏ó và ✏⌫c c ✏i làm nhi⇤m v! c⇥a H✓i Vn hoá C u Qu◆c. Ông ✏ã ✏i ✏n nhi⌦u n"i trên ✏⇣t n c ✏ thc hi⇤n nh⌃ng nhi⇤m v! c⇥a mình, và ✏ã cho ra nhi⌦u tác ph↵m trong th⌧i gian này. Ông qua ✏⌧i khi ch⇢ m i 36 tu⌥i do b ✏ch ph!c kích trên ✏⌧ng làm nhi⇤m v!. Nam Cao ✏ã có ˝ ✏nh vit m✓t cu◆n tiu thuyt v⌦ cu✓c cách mng, nhng k hoch này ✏ã không bao gi⌧ tr⇡ thành hi⇤n thc vì cái cht c⇥a ông.

ENGLISH

1. Nam Cao

2. The Vietnamese author Nam Cao was born as Tran Huu Tri in 1915. He was known for his short stories and novels. Critics gave him high praise for his depictions of life in Vietnam during the mid-1940s.

CONT'D OVER

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #25 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: NAM CAO 2 3. Nam Cao was born to a poor farming couple in Ha Nam Province, and he was the couple's only child to receive a full education. When he completed high school, he went to Saigon to work as a clerk at a tailor's office. He began to write his first works during his time as a clerk. Not long after landing the job as a clerk, he became a teacher at a private school located in Hanoi. Unfortunately, the school was closed soon after he started working there because Japanese troops moved into the region. After losing his job when the school closed, he began working as a private tutor and started writing for several newspapers on a freelance basis.

4. In 1943, Nam Cao joined the Cultural Association for National Liberation, making himself a major target for the colonial government at the time. He returned home for a while and was elected president of the district. He resigned from the post after just a short time and was soon being sent out on missions by the organization he had joined. He traveled around the country a lot on these missions, and much of his writing was done during this time. He was just thirty-six years old when he was killed after being ambushed while on a mission. He had been planning on writing a novel focusing on the revolution, but his plans never came to fruition because of his death.

VOCABULARY

Vietnamese English Class

miêu t⌘ depiction

ph!c kích ambush

nhi⇤m v! mission

tr⇡ thành hi⇤n thc fruition

t do freelance

lính troop

nhân viên clerk noun

may tailor

SAMPLE SENTENCES

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #25 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: NAM CAO 3 Ng⇥i ngh⇤ s⌅ ⇧ó ⇧ã miêu t⌃ m⌥t cách B⌦n c↵p ⇧ã phc kích anh ta ngay khi sng ⇧⌥ng cu⌥c sng c a ng⇥i nông anh ⇧i ⇧n góc ph. dân. "The thieves ambushed him when he "The artists depictions of peasant life were came around the corner." very true to life."

Anh ta ⇧i làm nhi⇤m v cho chính ph . Gic m✏ c a anh ta không bao gi⇥ tr⇣

thành hi⇤n th⌘c b⇣i vì anh ta luôn trì hoãn "He went on missions for the government." th⌘c hi⇤n chúng.

"His dreams never came to fruition because he kept putting them off."

Bà y ⇧ã làm nhà v✓n t⌘ do trong nhi◆u Quân lính tin vào ngôi làng nh, chn n✓m. ⇧u dân làng.

"She worked as a freelance writer for "The troops closed in on the small village, many years." overtaking the townspeople."

Ng⇥i nhân viên nhanh chóng quét bi Hi⇤u may luôn có ⇧y nh⌫ng cu⌥n ch⇢ và trên nh⌫ng món ⇧⇠ t⇡p hoá. nhi◆u lo⇡i v⌃i khác nhau.

"The clerk quickly scanned the grocery "The tailor's shop was filled with spools of items." thread and an assortment of fabric."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Did you know?

Truyn ng⇥n n⇤i ti⌅ng nh⇧t c⌃a Nam Cao là "Chí Phèo," còn có tên "Cái lò g⌥ch c" và " ôi l⌦a x⌦ng ↵ôi," k v mt c✏u bé b⇣ b⌘ r✓i và ↵◆c mt ng◆i ↵àn ông ↵i b⇥t l◆✓n tìm th⇧y. Ông ta ↵ã nh✏n c✏u bé làm con và nuôi d◆ng c✏u. Khi Chí Phèo tr◆⌫ng thành, anh ↵ã b⇣ b⌘ tù vì ng◆i ↵⇣a ch⌃ mà anh làm vic cho ghen v⇠i tình c⇡m mà v lão dành cho anh. Khi ra kh⌘i nhà tù, anh ↵ã tr⌫ thành mt con ng◆i d⇢ tn sng mt cuc ↵i ↵âm thuê chém m◆⇠n. Cui cùng anh ↵ã yêu mt ng◆i ph⌧ n⇢ cho anh n mt bát cháo hành, vì ch◆a mt ng◆i ph⌧ n⇢

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #25 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: NAM CAO 4 nào tng cho anh mt th⌦ gì. Nh◆ng cô ↵ã t chi tình yêu c⌃a anh, khi⌅n anh tr⌫ nên ↵iên lo⌥n, gi⌅t k ↵ã b⌘ tù anh r i t! sát.

Nam Cao's most famous short story, "Chi Pheo," which also goes by the titles "The Old Brick Kiln" and "The Perfect Couple," is about a boy who is discovered alone by a man who is catching eels. He adopts the boy and raises him as his own. When the boy grows up, he gets sent to prison because the landowner he works for is jealous of the attention his wife gives him. When he gets out of prison, he is a cruel person who ends up living a violent lifestyle. He eventually falls in love with a woman who gave him a pot of soup, because no woman had ever given him anything. However, she refuses his love, so he becomes angry, kills the man who had him imprisoned originally, and then takes his own life.

VIETNAMESEPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S2 #25 - TOP 10 VIETNAMESE WRITERS: NAM CAO 5