History of Data Centre Development Rihards Balodis, Inara Opmane
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Researching the History of Software: Mining Internet Resources in the “Old World,” “New World,” and the “Wild West”
© 2002 The Charles Babbage Institute for the History of Information Technology 211 Andersen Library, 222 – 21st Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA Researching the History of Software: Mining Internet Resources in the “Old World,” “New World,” and the “Wild West” Juliet Burba University of Minnesota Philip L. Frana Charles Babbage Institute Date published: 13 September 2002 Sanity is a madness put to good uses. So wrote the great philosopher and poet Jorge Augustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana in his essay “The Elements and Function of Poetry.”1 Without doubt, the advent of the early Web unleashed a mania, an unreasonable recklessness that to this day resists being swept back under the rug. How can we tease “sanity” out of the Web? Can the historian put this madness to good use? When the World Wide Web made its debut in the early 1990s, it resembled a pageant that only a parent could love. The Internet Movie Database, the WebCrawler search engine, the Web cam of an isolated unbent spoon and its associated challenge to the telekinetic Uri Geller—those were “reliable” sites. Indeed, the most useful sites looked suspiciously like they had been ripped from Internet Gopher menus. Even Jerry’s Guide to the World Wide Web (later rechristened “Yahoo!”) could not be judged an entirely trustworthy directory in those days. Already it is difficult to remember a time when banner advertising could be used as a legitimate navigational tool, when sessions running a Mosaic browser with its (usually slowly) pulsing upper right-hand image of Earth and two orbiting plan- etoids seemed interminable, and where alternatives to the hand-coding of new Web pages did not exist. -
USSR: First Computers and Evaluation of Cybernetics Points of This Papers
Dr.Vladimir Kitov Russian Plekhanov university of economics USSR: First Computers and Evaluation of Cybernetics Points of this papers Part 1. • USSR: First Computers and Evaluation of Cybernetics. Part 2. • Several key moments of the Soviet informatics. Part 1. USSR: First Computers and Evaluation of Cybernetics. • 1.1. The first soviet computers "MESM", "M-1" and "Strela". • 1.2. The most important seven organizations of the USSR, where the first serial computers "Strela" were established. • 1.3. Difficult fate of cybernetics in the USSR. • 1.4. The first courses of lectures on computers and programming in three Soviet universities. • 1.5. The first Soviet books on programming, computers and applications and their significant role in several foreign countries. Part 2. Several key moments of the Soviet informatics. • 2.1. About the following computers after "MESM", "M-1" and "Strela. • 2.2 The first in the world project of The Nationwide computer network for the control of Economy and Military Forces of the USSR. • 2.3 The application of computers for the economy and the creation of automated management systems (AMS) for different levels and purposes. • 2.4 Soviet computers “ES EVM” are the clones of IBM/360 computers . The beginning of the end of Soviet computers. 1.1. The first soviet computers "MESM", "M-1" and "Strela". • The first official step in computer industry in the USSR was patent number 10475 for the invention of "Automatic digital computer" registered on December 4, 1948 by prominent Soviet scientists Isaak Bruk and Bashir Rameev. It was the USSR first officially registered invention in the field of electronic digital computers. -
MTS on Wikipedia Snapshot Taken 9 January 2011
MTS on Wikipedia Snapshot taken 9 January 2011 PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sun, 09 Jan 2011 13:08:01 UTC Contents Articles Michigan Terminal System 1 MTS system architecture 17 IBM System/360 Model 67 40 MAD programming language 46 UBC PLUS 55 Micro DBMS 57 Bruce Arden 58 Bernard Galler 59 TSS/360 60 References Article Sources and Contributors 64 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 65 Article Licenses License 66 Michigan Terminal System 1 Michigan Terminal System The MTS welcome screen as seen through a 3270 terminal emulator. Company / developer University of Michigan and 7 other universities in the U.S., Canada, and the UK Programmed in various languages, mostly 360/370 Assembler Working state Historic Initial release 1967 Latest stable release 6.0 / 1988 (final) Available language(s) English Available programming Assembler, FORTRAN, PL/I, PLUS, ALGOL W, Pascal, C, LISP, SNOBOL4, COBOL, PL360, languages(s) MAD/I, GOM (Good Old Mad), APL, and many more Supported platforms IBM S/360-67, IBM S/370 and successors History of IBM mainframe operating systems On early mainframe computers: • GM OS & GM-NAA I/O 1955 • BESYS 1957 • UMES 1958 • SOS 1959 • IBSYS 1960 • CTSS 1961 On S/360 and successors: • BOS/360 1965 • TOS/360 1965 • TSS/360 1967 • MTS 1967 • ORVYL 1967 • MUSIC 1972 • MUSIC/SP 1985 • DOS/360 and successors 1966 • DOS/VS 1972 • DOS/VSE 1980s • VSE/SP late 1980s • VSE/ESA 1991 • z/VSE 2005 Michigan Terminal System 2 • OS/360 and successors -
Tomo II • Maestría En Ciencia E Ingeniería De La Computación
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO PROGRAMA DE POSGRADO EN CIENCIA E INGENIERÍA DE LA COMPUTACIÓN Tomo II (Maestría en Ciencia e Ingeniería de la Computación) Planes de Estudio Maestría en Ciencia e Ingeniería de la Computación Doctorado en Ciencia e Ingeniería de la Computación Especialización en Cómputo de Alto Rendimiento Grados que se otorgan Maestro(a) en Ciencia e Ingeniería de la Computación Doctor(a) en Ciencia e Ingeniería de la Computación Especialista en Cómputo de Alto Rendimiento Campos de conocimiento que comprende Teoría de la Computación Inteligencia Artificial Computación Científica Señales, Imágenes y Ambientes Virtuales Ingeniería de Software y Bases de Datos Redes y Seguridad en Cómputo Campos de conocimiento en los que se articula la especialización Computación Científica Ingeniería de Software y Bases de Datos Redes y Seguridad en Cómputo Entidades académicas participantes • Facultad de Ciencias • Facultad de Ingeniería • Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán • Instituto de Ingeniería • Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas • Instituto de Matemáticas • Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico Entidades académicas que se incorporan de manera exclusiva a la especialización • Instituto de Geofísica (IG) • Instituto de Astronomía (IA) • Instituto de Física (IF) • Dirección General de Cómputo y de Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (DGTIC) Fechas de aprobación u opiniones Modificación del Programa de Posgrado en Ciencia e Ingeniería de la Computación, que implica: a) Adecuación y modificación del plan de estudios de la Maestría en Ciencia e Ingeniería de la Computación. b) Modificación del plan de estudios de Doctorado en Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Computación. c) Cambio de denominación del campo de conocimiento de: “Ingeniería de Sistemas y Redes Computacionales" por "Redes y seguridad en cómputo". -
Publications Core Magazine, 2007 Read
CA PUBLICATIONo OF THE COMPUTERre HISTORY MUSEUM ⁄⁄ SPRINg–SUMMER 2007 REMARKABLE PEOPLE R E scuE d TREAsuREs A collection saved by SAP Focus on E x TRAORdinARy i MAGEs Computers through the Robert Noyce lens of Mark Richards PUBLISHER & Ed I t o R - I n - c hie f THE BEST WAY Karen M. Tucker E X E c U t I V E E d I t o R TO SEE THE FUTURE Leonard J. Shustek M A n A GI n G E d I t o R OF COMPUTING IS Robert S. Stetson A S S o c IA t E E d I t o R TO BROWSE ITS PAST. Kirsten Tashev t E c H n I c A L E d I t o R Dag Spicer E d I t o R Laurie Putnam c o n t RIBU t o RS Leslie Berlin Chris garcia Paula Jabloner Luanne Johnson Len Shustek Dag Spicer Kirsten Tashev d E S IG n Kerry Conboy P R o d U c t I o n ma n ager Robert S. Stetson W E BSI t E M A n AGER Bob Sanguedolce W E BSI t E d ESIG n The computer. In all of human history, rarely has one invention done Dana Chrisler so much to change the world in such a short time. Ton Luong The Computer History Museum is home to the world’s largest collection computerhistory.org/core of computing artifacts and offers a variety of exhibits, programs, and © 2007 Computer History Museum. -
The Digital Information Revolution: the Era of Immediacy
The Digital Information Revolution: The Era of Immediacy Michael B. Spring May 2011 The Digital Information Revolution: the Era of Immediacy Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................................. ii Chapter I: Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 Origins of This Book ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Audience for this Book ......................................................................................................................................... 2 The Author’s Perspective ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Organization of the Book ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter II: History ........................................................................................................................ 6 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... -
Digital-Heritage E-Book.Pdf
Karol Król • Józef Hernik Digital Heritage Reflection of Our Activities Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow Krakow 2020 TYTULOWA_Digital Heritage.indd 1 15.06.2020 21:29:05 Reviewers Prof. Edward Sankowski, University of Oklahoma, USA Prof. Betty J. Harris, University of Oklahoma, USA Editor in Chief Prof. dr hab. inż. Józef Bieniek Scientific Editor Prof. dr hab. inż. Józef Hernik Cover design Anna Podczaszy Pictures on the cover dreamstime.com / Mikhail Leonov pixabay.com / SGND Layout Regina Wojtyłko Published with approval from the Rector of the University of Agriculture in Krakow Copyright © Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow 2020 This book was financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland under the project ‘Cultural heritage of small homelands’ No. PPI/APM/2018/1/00010/U/001 financed by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange as part of the International Academic Partnerships. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-64758-98-0 ISBN 978-83-64758-98-0 Digital Cultural Heritage Laboratory – Department of Land Management and Landscape Architecture at the Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow 31-425 Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 46 Tel.: (+48) 12 662 51 57 or 12 662 51 59 E-mail: [email protected] Bookstore: https://wydawnictwo.ur.krakow.pl Editor sheets 8.00. Printing sheets 7.5. Issue 250 copies Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Chapter 1. Cultural heritage ....................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 2. -
Computer History a Look Back Contents
Computer History A look back Contents 1 Computer 1 1.1 Etymology ................................................. 1 1.2 History ................................................... 1 1.2.1 Pre-twentieth century ....................................... 1 1.2.2 First general-purpose computing device ............................. 3 1.2.3 Later analog computers ...................................... 3 1.2.4 Digital computer development .................................. 4 1.2.5 Mobile computers become dominant ............................... 7 1.3 Programs ................................................. 7 1.3.1 Stored program architecture ................................... 8 1.3.2 Machine code ........................................... 8 1.3.3 Programming language ...................................... 9 1.3.4 Fourth Generation Languages ................................... 9 1.3.5 Program design .......................................... 9 1.3.6 Bugs ................................................ 9 1.4 Components ................................................ 10 1.4.1 Control unit ............................................ 10 1.4.2 Central processing unit (CPU) .................................. 11 1.4.3 Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) ................................... 11 1.4.4 Memory .............................................. 11 1.4.5 Input/output (I/O) ......................................... 12 1.4.6 Multitasking ............................................ 12 1.4.7 Multiprocessing ......................................... -
Timeline of Computing History 4000-1200 B.C
T o commemorate the 50th year of modern computing and the Computer Society, the timeline on the following pages traces the evolution of computing and computer technology. Timeline research by Bob Carlson, Angela Burgess, and Christine Miller. Timeline design and production by Larry Bauer. We thank our reviewers: Ted Biggerstaff, George Cybenko, Martin Campbell-Kelly, Alan Davis, Dan O’Leary, Edward Parrish, and Michael Williams. In 2012 the timeline was augmented through 2010 by the Society's History Committee. Janice Hall did the update graphics. Timeline of Computing History 4000-1200 B.C. 3000 B.C. The abacus is invented Inhabitants of in Babylonia. the first known civilization in Sumer keep 250-230 B.C. The Sieve of records of Eratosthenes is used to determine commercial prime numbers. transactions on clay tablets. About 79 A.D. The “Antikythera IBM Archives Device,” when set correctly About 1300 The more familiar according to latitude and day wire-and-bead abacus replaces The University Museum, of Pennsylvania of the week, gives alternating the Chinese calculating rods. 29- and 30-day lunar months. 4000 B.C. — 1300 1612-1614 John Napier uses the printed decimal point, devises 1622 William Oughtred invents the circular slide 1666 In logarithms, and uses numbered sticks, England, or Napiers Bones, for calculating. rule on the basis of Napier’s logarithms. Samuel Morland produces a mechanical 1623 William (Wilhelm) calculator that Schickard designs a can add and “calculating clock” with subtract. a gear-driven carry mechanism to aid in The Computer Museum multiplication of 1642-1643 Blaise Pascal creates a multi-digit numbers. -
History of Data Centre Development
History of Data Centre Development Rihards Balodis and Inara Opmane Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Latvia (IMCS UL), Riga, Latvia [email protected] Abstract: Computers are used to solve different problems. For solving these problems computer software and hardware are used, but for operations of those computing facilities a Data Centre is necessary. Therefore, development of the data centre is subordinated to solvable tasks and computing resources. We are studying the history of data centres’ development, taking into consideration an understanding of this. In the beginning of the computer era computers were installed in computing centres, because all computing centres have defined requirements according to whom their operation is intended for. Even though the concept of ‘data centre’ itself has been used since the 1990s, the characteristic features and requirement descriptions have been identified since the beginning of the very first computer operation. In this article the authors describe the historical development of data centres based on their personal experience obtained by working in the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Latvia and comparing it with the theory of data centre development, e.g. standards, as well as other publicly available information about computer development on the internet. Keywords: Computing facilities, Data Centre, historical development. 1. Basic Characteristics of Data Centre Facilities 1.1 Data centre definition A data centre is a physical environment facility intended for housing computer systems and associated components. Data centres comprise the above-mentioned computer systems and staff that maintains them. The necessary physical environment facility encompasses power supplies with the possibility to ensure backup power, necessary communication equipment and redundant communication cabling systems, air conditioning, fire suppression and physical security devices for staff entrances. -
A Rtigo De R Evisão
ANÁLISE DAS IDEIAS DE A. I. MIKHAILOV SOBRE O IMPACTO E A UTILIZAÇÃO DAS NOVAS TECNOLOGIAS NA CIÊNCIA DA INFORMAÇÃO (1977-1986) Roberto Lopes dos Santos Junior Doutor em Ciência da Informação Professor da Faculdade de Arquivologia Universidade Federal do Pará [email protected] de Revisão Artigo Resumo Análise das ideias do pesquisador soviético Alexander Ivanovich Mikhailov (1905-1988) sobre as novas tecnologias e seu papel e impacto na sociedade contemporânea e na Ciência da Informação. A pesquisa baseou-se em levantamento bibliográfico e revisão de literatura em periódicos russos, norte-americanos e europeus, centralizados na produção bibliográfica de Mikhailov, no período entre 1977 e 1986. Inicialmen- te, o artigo fez breve análise histórica sobre o desenvolvimento da Ciência da Informação e da Ciência da computação na antiga União Soviética. Posteriormente, o trabalho discorreu sobre a abordagem de Mi- khailov sobre as novas tecnologias, apresentando aspectos teóricos sobre a relação da Ciência da Informa- ção com essas tecnologias, e dos projetos e iniciativas de automação e mecanização da informação cientí- fica na antiga União Soviética. A pesquisa identificou que a abordagem de Mikhailov a essas temáticas mostrou-se coerente e apresentou consistência, mesmo que, em algumas partes, tenha-se percebido um inevitável envelhecimento. Palavras-chave A. I. Mikhailov. Novas tecnologias. Informatika / Ciência da Informação. 1 INTRODUÇÃO termos de estudo da informação em âmbito internacional (SANTOS JUNIOR; PI- O campo de estudo relacionado -
O'zbekiston Respublikasi Oliy Va O'rta
O’ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI OLIY VA O’RTA MAXSUS TA’LIM VAZIRLIGI QARSHI DAVLAT UNIVERSITETI FIZIKA-MATEMATIKA FAKULTETI “AMALIY MATEMATIKA VA INFORMATIKA” KAFEDRASI INFORMATIKA VA AXBOROT TEXNOLOGIYALARI FANIDAN MA’RUZALAR MATNI Tuzuvchi: o‘q. R.Pirova QARSHI-2015 1 MA`RUZA – 1 Mavzu: Informatika va axborot texnologiyalar fanining mazmuni Darsning maqsadi: Talabalarga fanning premeti va vazifasi. Axborot, axborot turlari, axborotni saqlash, qayta ishlash va uzatish usullari haqida tushuncha berish. Reja: 1. Axborotning jamiyat, ishlab chiqarish va fandagi o’rni. 2. Axborotni yig’ish, saqlash va ishlov berishning yangi texnologiyasi. 3. Axborot turlari. Axborotlarni kompyuterda tasvirlash usullari. 4. Fanning predmeti va vazifasi. Tayanch iboralar: informatika, axborot texnologiyalari, kompyuter, bayt, bit, sanoq sistemasi Axborotning jamiyat, ishlab chiqarish va fandagi o’rni Insoniyat o’zining rivojlanishi tarixi mobaynida modda, quvvat va axoborotlarni o’zlashtirib kelgan. Bu rivojlanishning butun bir davrlari shu bosqichning ilg’or texnologiyasi nomi bilan atalgan. Masalan: "tosh asr" - mehnat quroli yasash uchun toshga ishlov berish texnologiyasini egallash bosqichi, "kitob chop etish asri" - axborotlarni tarqatishning yangi usulini o’zlashtirish bosqichi, "elektr asri" - quvvatning yangi turlarini o’zlashtirish bosqichi shular jumlasidandir. Bundan 20-30 yillar ilgari "atom asri" boshlandi deyilgan bo’lsa, hozirgi kunda "axborot asri", "kompyuter asri" deb aytiladi. Axborot - so’zi lotincha «informatio» so’zidan kelib chiqqan bo’lib, tushuntirish, tanishtirish, bayon etish degan ma’noni anglatadi. Axborotning o’zini esa biror obyekt, atrof-muhitni ma’lum bo’lagi yoki ma’lum jarayon haqidagi, aniqmaslik darajasini kamaytiradigan belgilar (parametrlar), tafsilotlar yo’riqlar va h.k. majmuasi deyish mumkin. O’z navbatida xabar axborotni tasvirlash formasi bo’lib, u nutq, matn, tasvir, grafik, jadval, videotasvir, tovush va h.k.