CENSUS OF INDIA- 1971
ORISSA
SERIES -16 PART VI-C
SURVEY REPORT ON VILLAGE
RANGA~ATIA
(MAYVRBHANJ DISTRICT)
S.K. SWAIN Deputy DiTector of Census Operations, Orissa
CO NT K;>';TS Pages FOREWORD (xv) PREFACE (xvii) VILLAGE AT A GLANCE (xix) CHAPTER-] : INTRODllCTION 1-16 Introducing the village-Location- The neighbourhood-Physical features· Nature of terrains-Soil type-climate-·--Frequcncy of vagaries--- Famine of- 1907-Drought of 1954 and 1955-Transport and communications Demo graphic trcnd-Level of development- Rcasons for Re-study- Settlement pattern -Distribution of source of water-Administrative Institutions-The role of community projccts-Welfare institutions-Educational Tnstitutions-Flora and Fauna-Change during the decade and reasons ascribed. for the same- Ethnic composition and settlement- General feel of thc v~l]lage_ CHAPTER-2 : SOCIAL, DEMOGRAPHIC AND VITAL STATISTICS 17-46 Population growth- Increase in tilC number of HOllseholds--Average household size Decadal variation-Literate and its rate - Main workers-Work participa tion-Age, Sex and marital status -Age at marriage-Population control measu rc~ : attitllde and practice-. Indigenous and local lreatJr.cnt-Migration_ CHAPTER 3 : ECONOMY 47-82 Economic resources- Land use pattern -Water tax- -Yield ratc-New types of skill and man power-Tools and inlplements-Distribution of households by nature of right over land-Agriculturc- -Nature of soil-Cropping pattern·-Agri cultural operations--Harvesting-Nawajam or Nua Khia--Crops production, consumption and marketing-Primary and secondary occupations--Occupational mobility-Occupation, occupational depth and diversity- Type of occupatioll Sex-wise division of lubour--Animal Husbandry- ·Cattle discases- Trade and Commerce--fndustry-Source of Income-Expenditure-lndebtedness-Financing sources.
CHAPTER-4 : SOCIAL A~D CULTURAL LIFE 83-110 Housing-House type - House construction problems- ·Procedure of constllc tion -Dress and ornaments· -Hair dressing-Tattooing of Khada-Household goods: lJtensiJ--Consumer goods-Furniture-Food and Drinks-Frequency of meals-Household composition-Life cycle·-Pregnancy Restrictions and prohi bitions -Birth-Marriage Marriage"day-Types of marriage- Marriage payments -Role of service communities or special functionaries - Death-Religion. Leisure and Recreation: Religioll- Leisure and recreation-lnfluencial and. prestigious persons in the village. sources of their power and prestige-- Runge of contact with outside world_
CHAPTER-5 : CONCLUSIO~ 111-112 Conclusion
( iii) MAPS AND PHOTOGRAPHS
MAPS: Facing Page
1. Map showing location of village, Rangamatia
2. Map 011 Rangamatia -its environs
PHOTOGRAPHS:
I . A road side view 4 . 2. Quenching their thirst: the school children at the Hand- Pump Stand. 8 3. A Grocerer's Stall 8
4. Office of LAMPS (Large Sized Agricultural Multipurpose Society). 10
5. Inner view of the Yubak Sangh Hut where the College going boys are 12 allowed to stay as boarders without any payment.
6. An outsid.; view of the Angan Badi, a newly formed institution for providing pre-school education to the children ahd to ensure welfare of the parturient women. 12
7. A Bhumij relaxing outside his dwellings 14
8. The Brahmin Priest performing routioned Monday Puja at Balukeswar Tample. 16
9. A BI1Umij old woman. 16
10. On their march: the Girl students of Rangamatia H.E. School. 22
] 1. The Kids preparing for the march. 22
12. The Proud Bhumij father with one of his four Graduate sons and the daughter in hw. 22
13. A Bhumij having'Post Graduate degree. 22
14. PJimary Health Centre (P.R.C.), Rangamatia. 42
15. The labourers collecting seedlings from the bed for transplantation. 56
16. Seedlings being taken to the field for transplantation. 56
17. A cyle repairer at work. 70
18. Sale Cauter of Grain Golla. 80 19. An inside view of a Bhumij-house- : household utensils and usables. 90 20. Enjoying "Pakhala" or Watered rice-An inside view_of a Bhumij hOllse. 94
(iv) APPENDIX-I-SURVEY TA.BLES :
LIST OF TABLES
- __.. __- ~--~--~-- ._---- Table No. Title Pages
Distribution of population by Age, Sex and relationship to head of Household where the Head is Male--1973 Survey. 114-115 2 Distribution of population by Age, Sex and Relationship to Head of Household where Head is Female - 1973 survey. 116
3 Distribution of Household and Population by Religioll/Caste/Tribe/Community and Sex -1 973 survey. 117 4 Ditsribution of Household by distance of place of Birth of Head of Household- 1973 survey. 118
5 Distribution of Households by number of members and Age of Head of House hold-1973 survey. 119
6 Distribution of Household by number of members and by migration status and last residence of Head of household-19 7 3 survey. 120
7 Distribution of Households by number of members and migration status of Head of Households and last residence and duration of stay of any member of the Household who has stayed the longest in present rcsidence-19 7 3 survey. 121 8 Distribution of Hou-schold b:[ type and educational level of Head of Household -1973 survey. 122
9 Distribution of household by tpye and marital status of Head of Household- 1973 survey. 123 10 Number of persons by Age, Sex and study in educational institution by schedule castes, scheduled b'il5es and others-19 7 3 survey. 124-125 f 11 Distribution of Population by Age, Sex, and cducationallevel-1973 survey. 126-127
12 Distribution of population by Broad Age Group, Sex, Religion, Caste or Tribe or Communtity and eduea tional level-19 7 3 survery. 128-129 13 Distribution of Castes/Tribes by Average educational score per head (Age 5 +-)- 1973 Survey. 130 14 Distribution of Households by occupation of Head of Household and average educational seore-1973 survey. 1 3 1 15 Distribution of Households by Caste/Tribe/Community of Head of Household and Average educational score-1973 survey. 132 16 Distribution of Households by type and average educational score-19 7 3 survey. 133
17 Distribution of Households by migration status by place of last residence of Head of Households and average educational score-197 3 survey. 134
(v) (vi)
Table No. Title
18 Distance of place of birth of Head of Household. From the village and average per head education!tl score-1973 survey. 135
19 Knowledge of subsidiary language and educational score-1973 survey. 136-137
20 Distribution of student by course level/class and ag,e~ 1973 survey 139 21 Distri-bution of workers and non-workers by migration status with referenc to last residence, broad age group and sex- 1973 survey. 140-141
'ZZ' Workels and Non-Workers by Mother Tongue, Sex and Edu~ational lcvel-1973 survey. 142-145
23 Employment status of workers by religion-1973 survey. 146-147
24 Employment status of wOlkers by caste/tribe or community - }97 3 survey. 148-149
_25 Occupation and distance from place of work-197 3 survey. 151
26 Number of workers seeking emplopment by nature of occupation and by employ ment statllS of present work-1973 sun:ey. 152-153
27 Number of workers seeking employment by nature of establishment and age group ~1973 survey. 154-155
28 Household Default consistency by sex in enrolling children in school as related to educational level caste or tribe or community of Head of Household (If both male and fema e children o' school going age are not enrolled in school it may be termed as default consistency-19 73 survey. 156 29 Household Default in-consistency by sex in enrolling children in school as related to educational level and caste or tribe or community to Head of Household (If all male children of school going"di'e cmolled in school but not female children it may be termed as dcfatrlt in consistency 1973 survey. 157
30 Reason for non-enrollment of children in school by occupation of head of house hold--1973 survey. 158-15 C) 31 Age at marriage as r'elated to distan..:e of place of birth from the village-1973 sUTvey. 160-161
32 Households whose close family members are staying outside by religion and castel tribe/community and state of origion~of head of househo1d-19 7 3 survey. 162 33 Households whose close famBy members are staying gutside by religion and caste or tribe or community and place of last residence of Head of Household-1973 survey. 162
34 Households whose family memb~ are staying outside by religion and caste/tribe community and whose head of 110\Jsenold6 are in occupa-tional category N.C.O.- 2 digit-1973 survey. 163 35 Particulars of 1iiamily members staying outside by occupation of Head of House holds and nature of relation-with Head of HOllsehold-197 3 survey. 163 ( vii)
------Table No. Title Pages
------_----- 36 Particulars of family members staying outside by age and relation to Head of 164 Houschold-1973 survey.
37 Particulars of family members staying out side by educational level and relation to Head of Household-l \) 7 3 survey. 165
38 Particulars of Non-workers family member who are st'tying outside by nature of activity and relationship to Head of Household-l 9 7 3 survey. 166
39 Particulars of family members staying outside by nature of occupation (N.C.O.-2 dight code) and relationship with Head of Household-1973 survey. 166
40 Number of family members staying outside by marital statlls and relation to Head of Household-1973 survey. 167
41 Households classified by place of last residence of Head of Household and per capita floor space-l 9 7 3 survey. 168
42 HOllsehold classified by duration of stay of Head of Household in present residence and per capita floor space-l 973 survey. 169
43 Household classified by occupation of Head of Household and per capita floor spac~-l 973 survey. 170-171
44 Nature of right time and last of construction and valuation of house related to rEligion/caste/tribe and occupation of Head of Household-1973 survey. 172-173
45 Households classified by nUll1ber of members, number of roolUS occupied and religion and caste or tribe or C0l11lUll11ity of Head of Household-1973 survey. 174-175 46 Households classified by religion, caste or tribe or community duration of present residence __and tenural status -1973 survey. 176 47 Use of light and fuel by religitm and caste/tribe/community and migration with reference to place of last residence of Head of Household--1973 survey. 177 48 Male dress by occupation and material status of Head of Household-l 973 survey. 178-179
49 Female dress by place of la~t residence of Head of Household and duration of present residence- I 9 7 3 survey. 180
50 Female dress by occupation and material status Of Head of Household-1973 survey. 181 51 Presence of luxury and costly goods by educational level or Head of Household_ 1973 survey. 182
52 Presence of luxury and costly goods by occupation of Head of Household-J 973 survey. 1~3 ( viii)
------Table No. Title Pages
______0 ____-
53 Important tools and equipments for agriculture horticulture as related to educa tional level of Head of H ousehold-j 973 survey. 183
54 Important tools and equipment for agriculture horticulture as related to occupa tion of Head of Household-1973 survey. 184
55 Particulars of Special fuctionarics in marriage of person (Male) by castc(tribe or religion of the Household -1973 survey. 185
56- Item of food served to different categories of participants aLi-he marriage feast by religion/caste/tribe of the Head of Household and time of marriage of person married (Male)--19 7 3 survey. 186-189
57 Ownership of Agricultural or Herticultural land inside village or within two kilo meters from outer periphery of village by religion/caste/tribe or community \Yhere thc Households is situated-1973 survey. 190
58 Crops productio'1, consumption and marketing by rt:ligion and easte or tribe or community--1 973 survey. 191
59 Animal Husbandry by purpose, method of feeding, problems and prospects- 1973 survey. 192-393- -.J: 60 Household and small scale industry by ownership of agricultural land in and ~ around the the village-19 7 3 survey. 194-
61 Household and small scale industry by-type of product and type of main raw material by source and implements, tools etc.-19 7 3 survey. 195
67 Household and small scale industry by type of workers by type of product and fuel or power-l 973 survey. 196-197
63 Number of Households-in debt by occupation of Head of Households, purpose and income group-01 973 survey. 198-199
64 Indebted H ouse]101ds by sou Tee amount, purpose and terms and conditions-197 3 survey. 202-203-
65 Sale of valuable assets during last five years by occupation of Head of Household -1973 survey. 204-205 APPENDIX-II-SPECIAL TABLES
LIS r OF SPECIAL TABLES
Specia I Table Title Page No. No. ------ST- Census House, Household, Houseless and Institutional population. 208-209
ST- 2 Distribution of POl-lulation by Age, Sex and Relationship to Head of Hhollse hold where the Head is Male. 2 I 0-21 I
ST- 3 Distribution of population by Age, Sex, and Relationship to Head of House hold where head is female. 212-213
ST- 4 Population by Age, Sex and Marital status. 214-215
ST- 5 Currently married women by Age-group and Age at Marriage. 216-217
ST- 6 Currently married women by Age, place of birth ~nd Age at Marriage. 218-221
ST- 7 Currently married women by Age, place of last Residence and Age at Marriage. 222-225
ST- 8 Currently married women by Age, Duration of present Residence and Age, at Marriage. 226-229
ST- 9 Currently married women by Religion, Age and Age at Marriage. 230-233
ST-IO Currently married women by litency and Edu~ational Level, Age and Age at marriage. 234·237
ST-l1 Currently married working women by occupation, Age, and Age at Marriage. 238-239 /' ST-12 Currently married ~on-working w0111en by nature of activity Age and Age at Marriage. 240-243
ST-13 Currently married Non-working women by secondary work, Age all'i Age at marriage. 244-245
ST-14 Currently married women by Age, Religion and number to whom _,lildren were born during the last year. 247
ST-15 Currently married wOlnen by Age, literacy and educational level and number to whomcchildren were born during the last year. 248-249
ST-16 Currently married women by Age, Mother tongue and number to whom child- ren were born during last.y~ar.- 250 ST-17 Currently marred women by age, number of subsidiary languages spokan and nUlT,ber to whom children were born during the least year. 251
(ix) (x)
Special Table Title Page No. No.
ST-18 Currently Married wom~n by Ag~, Schduled Caste and Number to whom Childern were born during the last year. 252
ST-19 Currently Married women by Age, Scheduled Tribe and number to whom children were born during the last year. 253
ST-20 Currently Married women by Age, Main activity and N"umber to women child- ren were born during the last year. 254
ST-21 Currently Married working women by Age and Employment status to whom children were born during the !:lst year. 255
ST-22 Married working women by age and occupation and number to whom children were born during the last year. 256-257
ST-23 Currently ~arried Non-working women by '\ge and Nature of Main Activity and number to whom children were born during the last year. 258-259
ST-24 Currently Married Non·working women by age and Secondary work and num ber to whom children were born during the -last year. 260-261
ST-25 Distribution of Currently Married WOI11f'n and the related births during the last ye,u by Religion, Present Age, and Age at Marriage. 262-263
ST-26 Distribution of currently married women and the related births during last year by Scheduled Caste Scheduled Triacs, present Age and age at marriage. 264-265
ST-27 Distribution of Currentlj Married women and the related births during the last year by Education, present Age and Age at Marriage. 266-269
ST-28 Distribution of currently married womeu and the related births during the last year by Religion, duration of marriage and Age at marriage. 270-271
ST-29 Distribution of currently married women and the related births during the last Yedr by Scheduled Castes/Seheduled Tribes, duration of marriage and age at marriage. 272-273
ST-30 Distribut;on of currently married women and the related births during the last year by education, duration of marriage and age at marriage. 274-277
ST-31 Distributlon of currently married women and the related births during the last year by Religion. Education groups. present age and age at marriage of the women. 278-281
ST-32 Place of birth, sex, age and marital status. 282-285
ST-33 Place of b'irt, sex and,place of last residence. 286-2~7 (xi)
Special Table Title Page No. No.
ST-34 Place of birth, seX, duration of present residence and material status. 288-291
ST-35 Place of birth, sex, religion and marital status. 292-293
ST-l{l Place of birth, s~x. edueltion~1 level and material status. 2')4-299
ST-37 Place of birth, sex, Mother-Tongue & marital status. 300-303
ST-38 Place: of birth, sex, working ~tatus and marital status. 304- 305
ST-39 Place of birth. seX, industrial category of workers and marital status. 306-311
ST-40 Place of birth, sex. non-workers by activity and material status. 312-315
ST-41 Place of last residence. sex, age and marital status. 316-319
ST-42 Placc of last residence. sex and place of birth. 320-321
ST-43 Place of last residence, sex, duration of present residence and marital status. 322-325
ST-44 Place of last residence, sex, religion and marital status. 335-327
ST-45 Place of last resIdence, sex, educational level and marital status. 328-333
ST-46 Place of last residence, sex, mother-tongue and marital status. 334-337
ST-47 Place of last residence, sex, working status and marital status. 338-339
ST-48 Place of lasl residence, sex, Industrial category of workers and marital status. 340-345
ST-49 Place of last residence, sex, non-workers by activity.and 1lom-ital status. 346-349
ST-50 Duration of residence in the village and distribution by age sex and marital status, 350-353
ST-51 Duration of residence in the village and distribution of population by religion age and sex. 354-i55
ST-52 Dnration of residence in the viJ1Jge and distribution of population by Schedu l ed Caste (individual caste) or Scheduled Tribe (Tndividual Tribe) age and sex. 356-359
ST-53 Duration of residence in the village and distribution of population by mother tongue age and sex. 360-363
ST-54 Duration of residence in the village and distribution of population by mother tongue number of subsidary languages spoken and age. 364-365 ( xii)
------_- Special Table Title Page No. No.
ST-55 Duration of l'esidence in the village by nature of activity and place of work of the workers. 367
ST-56 Duration of residence of workers in the village and occupation. 368-369
ST-57 Distribution of population bj religion, Age-group, sex, literacy and educational level 370-371
ST-58 Religion, mother-tongue and subsidary hnguages. 373
ST-59 Religion by main activity and ag~ group and industrial category of workers. 374-377
ST-60 Religion by educational levels, main activity and industrial category of wor1:ers. 378-331
Si'-61 Religion an~ secondary work by primary activity 382-383
ST-62 Religion & employment status of workers by occupation. 384--385
ST-63 Religion and non-workers by main activity and age group_ 386-367
ST-64 Scheduled Caste by literacy and Educational level and age-group. 3S8-389
ST-65 Scheduled Caste by main activity and age group and industrial category in case of workers. 390-393
ST-66 Scheduled Caste category as a whole by educational level, age gmup, main aetivity and industrial category in cas~ of workers_ 394-397
ST-67 Scheduled Caste, occupation of workers and place of work. 398
ST-68 Scheduled Caste and secondary work by primary activity. 399
ST-69 Scheduled Caste as non-workers by main activity cross classified by sex and age-group. 400-401
ST-70 Scheduled Tribe by main-activity and age group and Industrial catagory in case of workers_ 402-405
ST-71 Scheduled Tribe category as a whole by educational level, age-group, main activity and Industrial category in case of workers. 406-409
ST-72 Scheduled Trib~, occupation of workers and place of work. 410-411 -.._ ~-- ST-73 Scheduled Tribe and secondary work by primary activity. 413 (xiii)
Special Table Title Page No. No.
ST-74 Scheduled Tribe as Non~Workers by main activity cross classified by sex and age~group. 414-415
ST-75 Scheduled Tribe by religion and educational level. 416~419
ST-76 Scheduled Tribe by Illothor-tongue, subsidary language and age. 420-421
ST-77 Mother tongue and subsidary languages spoken by literacy and educational level. 422-429
FOREWORD
The Census of India has a long tradition of providing data on a variety of socio-economic aspects. After independencc the Census has increasingly turned its attention to the presentation of such data-both -at macro and micro levels - as would meet the needs of planning and development. Accordingly, from 1951 onwards certain village statistics are being brought out to Infer alia help in 'grass-root' planning and rural reconstruction by way of provision of basic amenities and infrastructure, etc. 2. As an-::illary to the 1961 Census, a study of more than 500 villages was taken up. The main objective of this study, to put it in the words of Shri Asok Mitra, the Census Commissioner [or 1961, was "to invest tbe dry bones of village statistics with flesh and blood accounts of social structure and social change". The basis of selection of these villages was purposive to cover adequately geographical, occupa tional and ethnic diversity besides representing (a) villages of medium size with multi-ethnic population and l1aviag variegated occupations though primarily depend on agriculture, (b) having one dominant commu nity with one predominent occupation, like fishing, pottery, etc. and (c) primarily inhabited by a scheduled tribe. About 400 monographs based on socia-economic surveys all over the country have been published. As adjunct to 1971 Census, at the initiative of my predecessor, Shri A. Chandrasekhar, it was decided to conduct a re-study of some of the above villages to note how fast and in what direction the winds of change wert: blowing. This involved not only recording change during the decade but a study of the process of change in the light of the following issues.
i) To what extent and in what manner the village was a distinct unit during the earlier study and is still so ; ii) whether the village is displaying increasing urban look, and if so, in what manner; iii) what is the interplay of the- various factors that have helped or impeded the full utilisation of the amenities and infra-structure available to the villages; iv) whether the village life is marked by increasingly more cohesion or conflict; and v) to what extent the demographic pattern of the village is related to eco-system, comprising environ ment, technology, social organisation and population by different attributes.
The foci of analysis was 011 the social process in the village society concomitant to industrialization, urb.l11isation and cl1!Lnges in the agrarian structure. The main criteria for selection of villages for re-study in the state was (a) a village near an effective urban centre with population of 50,000 and above and pre ferably in proximation of a city or town, (b) a village away from an effective urban centre which could, however, be ncar a small town at a distance of about '10 kilometers and (c) -a village at a distance of at least 25 kilometers from an urban centre. The suggestion of the Planning Commission to cover a few villages in (a) a dry belt, (b) LA.D.P. areas. (c) areas having sl11"111 irrigation facilities and rural electrifica tion and (d) where facilities of institutional financing for agricultural operation had progressed well, was also taken into consideration as far as possible.
3. I must congratulate my colleague in the Social Studies Division for organising these studies. L am. grateful to Dr. B.K. Roy Burman, who was in-charge of the division, for stimulating his colleague in the census office to study in depth in specific problems of social change and for developing the--Uecess!.£Y tools for the study by devising exhaustive schedules for collection of requisite data. I am thankful to Dr. N.G. Nag, Deputy Registrar General, who later took over the co-ordination of the programmc-
(xv) (xvi)
I also acknowledge the important role of Dr. K.P. lttaman, Senior Research Officer, who undertook the scrutiny of the Statistical data and drafts prepared in the census offices in the states with the able assis tance of SjShri V.K. Jain and Sudesh Madan.
4. The present monograph is the outccme of the study undertaken by the Directorate of Census. 'Operations, Orissa. The study was conducted by Shri R.N. Patra. TO. under tre S'upervision of Shri B.C. Das, OAS, Dy Director, Census, Shri S.K. Swain, Deputy Director of Census Operations edited the report. I am indebted to my colleagues in the census office for their painstaking efforts in the preparation of the monograph.
New Delhi, (P. PADMANABHA) 17th July, 1978. Registrar General, India. PREFACE
Census in [n~ia is not confincd in mere counting of heads but it has long tradition of providin! data on a variety of socio-economic aspects. Census presents complete picture of man in his social, cultural and economic setting both at macro and micro levels which fulfills the needs for policy decision and develop mental planning. Accordingl), from 1951 onward,> social studies ]ike rural arts and crafts, fairs and festivals have been taken up. Besides, study of more than 500 villages throughout the country has been taken up as an ancillary to the 196 I Census.
Re-sludy of villages is not intended to collect t\'vO sets of data at two different points of tinle nOr obtain ing quantification for various attribute of rural socio-cconol"i\ic structure. rt has aimed at knowing about the socio-econ01nic structure and change of the various elements of village besides presenting picture on all aspects of village life and living. The emphasis has been on vaTious dimension of education, employment, industrialisation, etc.
The monograph of Rangamatia is based on a survey of the socio-cconomic structure and demographic and cultura1 features of the village in Mayurbhanj dislcrict The village is one of the typica1 Bhumij village of the State which is not far fronl Baripada town, the district headquarters of Mayurbhanj.
The details of schedules canvassed for the fe-study are us follows:
Village Schedules
Type A Basic schedules (to cover aggregates of datu on various institution:, und aspects of tl,e village).
Type B Miscellaneous specialltems (to cover data on aggregates and units mostly on economic aspects of viHage life).
Household Schedules
Type A (i) Composition and socio-cultural linkage.
Type A (ii) Life cycle and material equipment.
Type B Economic life.
Thirty five schedules each of types A (i) and (ii) and 30 scheduled of type B - in all 100 household schedule were canvassed in the selected households. In order to have uniformity and comparability, a comprehensive tabulation plan and chapter divisions evolved by the Social Studies Division of Office of the Rcgistrar General, India were followed in presantil.1g the re-survey report.
The field investigation of Rangamatia village was conducted by Shri R. N. Patra. Tabulation Officer, Shri R. C. Mohanty, Ass!. Compiler and Shri Gandhi Dalai. ex-Asst. Compiler during 1973-74. The work of tabulation of data was also done by 5hri Patra, Sri Mohanty and Shri Dalai. The first and the revised draft of this report was prepared by Shri M. A. Rahman, Investigator. All the photographs Contained in the report are al.>o taken by Shri Rahman. The draft was edited by Shri B. D. Mohallty. ex-Deputy Deputy Director of Census and Shire R. P. Naula. ex-Assistant Director of Census and was sent to S. S. Division in 1983. The S.S. DiviSion had returned the same with valuable comments.
(xvii) (xviii)
The report has been revised by iIlcorporating all the points suggested by S. S. Division and also up dating the report with the 1981 Census data by Shri C. R. Mohanty, Assistant Director of Census with the help of Shri S, N. Mohapatra, S. A., Shri D. Sethi, S. A. and Shri P. C. Sahoo, Computor and Shri S. K. Dutta, A. C. Shri S. K. Nuik, Draftsm:l1l prepared the maps for the report. Sh1'i M. N. Naik Senior Stenogrctpher and Shri A. R. Khan, 11'. Stenographer typed out the final manuscript'>. The printing work is seen by Shri B. K. S1hoo, Printing frtsp::ctor al'd Shri D. N. Mishra. proof Reader.
The ex-Directors of C:nsus Operations, Shri, B Tripathi, r, A. S. (Retd.) and Shri A. R. Nanda. T. A. S. under whose guidance the survey and the drafting of report were carried out deserve all credits for its success.
I must record my deep~st sense of gratiluti.! to Shri. P. Padmanabha, 1. A. S., eX-Registrar General, India and Shri V. S. Verml, I. A S., present Registrar, General, India for their valuable lJ.uidance. I am grateful to Dr. N. G. Nag, ex-D~puty Registrar General, India, Dr. K. P. lUaman, present Deputy Registrar, General (S.S ) and Shri M. K. Jain, senior Research Officer and his colleagues of the social Study Division of Registrar General's Office and Shri B. P. Jain, Assistant Director, Printing and other officers of the Registrar G0l1eral, for their valuable hep extended to us at every stage in bringing out this pUblication.
I n may own Office 1 received all help from my Officers and staff who worked diligelltly and with devotion-:- My thanks are also do to them.
S. K. SWAiN BlmbaneSlVar Deputy Director of Census Operations, ORISSA VILLAGE AT A GLANCE-198l
POPULATION Persons J, J 51 Males 584 Females 567
DECENNIAL POPULATION GROWTH RATE 1971-81 + 19.40
AREA \ Sq. Kms ) 2.57
DENSITY OF POPULATION 448 (Per Sq. Kms.)
SEX RATIO (Number of Fernales per J ,000 Males) 971
LITERACY RATE Persons 23.20 Males 37.33 Females 8.64
PERCENTAGE TO TOTAL POPULAT10N
(i) Main Workers Persons 43.79 Males 58.73 FemaJes 28.40
(ii) Marginal workers Persons 15.46 Males 1.54 Females 29.81
(iii) Non-Workers Persons 40.75 Males 39.73 FelU:llcs 41.80
Break up of Main workers: PERCENTAGE AMONG MAIN WORKERS
(I) CULTIVATORS Persons 40.68 Males 48.98 Females 22.98
(ii) AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS Persons 4A.64 Males 33.24 Females 68.94
(xi'\:) (xx)
(iii) HOUSE:.HOLD lNDUSTRY Persons 4.76- Males 4.37 Females 5.59
(iv) OTHER WORKERS Persons 9.92 Males 13.41 Females 2.49
PERCENTAGE OF SCHEDULED CASTES Persons 7.73 POPULATION TO TOTAL POPULATTON Males 8.05 Females 7.41
PERCENTAGE OF SCHEDULED TRIBES Persons 85.49 POPULA TION TO TOTAL POPULATION M,lles 83.73 Females 87.30
NUMBER OF OCCUPIED 222 RESIDENTIAL HOUSES
Nearest town Baripada (11 Kms.) Distance of District/Tahsil H. Qs. Baripada (1 1 Kms.) Bus Stand Rangamatia Village Means of t ranspo rt Bus, Rickshaw, Cycle, Bullock cart Sub-Post Office Rangamatia village High School Rangamatia village Public Health Centre Sapanchua village ( Large sized Agricultural Mulipurposes Society Rangamatia village o
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z~J , m~~ « en Ul «~ Ul \!) ~ "( a: ..J «( ..J ...J ...J :> >~ VI iii .., z <{ 0 r <{ « ~ 0 ;:: a: ...J « « <{ ...J I/) ::> Z Q. r « Q. ~ ;3 ::> «. « Q. ~ « ~ " r i= i5" a « 0 1: z ::; z ~ a: i <{ « x « ::> 0 i ::> 1: 0 a: cD ~ ~ 0 .., ,., a: .., u N • '" .... CD '" CHAPTER.-J RANGAMATIA Introducing the Village: couple of other communities consisting of Ghasi, Brahmin, Binrlhani, Mahali and BariK dwell in this Rangamatia, lying not very far fr6m Baripa'da~ village since 5 to 6 generations. The Bhuniij the main town ana the iJ.erve centre of Mayurbhanj locally known as Munda, claim to be the oldest district, is a tri\)al 'viilage. The distance of the inhabitants while GlJasi, Brahmin, Bindhani, village from Baripada town is eleven kms. The Mahali ~nd Barik, households came later to $ettle closeness of this \?iIIage to district headquarters. is in this village. the main cause of its 6ein~ infl~ehced bj1 tb,e urban culture. The tribal traits of the inhabitants are The main road 'which links Ran~atnatia with fading gradually and now gives a changed picture Baripada town and passes further westward was of the rural folks in and around the proximity of consthlcted and maintaihed by the forest authori Rangamati~ and half a dozen other villages nearby. ties but now the N.H. Division maintains it. This road not only links Rangamatia with Baripada 'but Rangamatia lies in a far flung hilly tract. The also gives ample scope fbr social intercourSe with e.tstem fringe of the thickly wooded range of Simi many other rural, urban and industrial centres of lipal hills forms the outskirts of the village. The the eastern region. inhabitants of Rangamatia mostly depend on the Location: nearby forest and hill range for their varied day to day household requirements such as fruits, eataoles, The town of Baripada which is only I 1 Kms. fuel, construction matertals and for collection of away from this village is not only the district varieties of herbs and !p-t!dicinal products. headquarters but also it is the Police Station and sub-division headquarters of this viilage too. Being Rangama1ia is the one of 3,982 villages in the hub of district administr3tion it stands out as Mayurbhunj district. Thickly wooded, Similipal the most import!lnt centre from both commercial hills (area about 635 sq. kms.) in the central part and administration point of view. The office of the of the district covers 'major portion while the eas community Development Block of Rangamatia tern fringe of the district gently slopes towards the village and the Gram Panchayat happen to be the sea. Its western portion is mainly plain but undula same unit lying at a distance of about 3 KnlS. in ting surface is found here and there. The hills pro Shyamakh1.lnta village. The revenue circle head vide rich forest resources whereas the plains offer quarters with one revenue inspector is located scope for cultivation of pulses, cereals and oil within the precincts of this village. This circle seeds. This village stretches mainly in an undula happens to be under the jurisdicti~n of the revenue ting fringe of the Similipal hills range. It has circle of Baripada tahasil. Office of the Assistant combination of hilly tract on its western side and !2onsolidation Officer on whom power for con slopy plains on the north. There is an irrigation solidating the fragmented patches of agricultural canal with its starting poin~ at Balidiha reseryoir lands is vested, is situated at Sapanchua-a village which runs east-ward almost parallel to the app laying at a distance of about 2 furlongs from roach road to the village. Rangamatia. The neighbourhood : Rangamatia give~ shelter ~ostly to the popu lation of Bhumij-Scheduled Tribes a dominant Rangamatia is surrounded by village laibilla in community of the region. The Bhumij and a the east and ~apanchua in the west. White villages 1 2 Kundalbani and Salabani lie to the north, the matia, lying to the east of this hill range had got village Badasul touches the southern outskirts of a wavy topography. In this vast undulating level, Rangamatia. Small river named Kinchinala passes extending eastward it has got a number of habita through south side of the village. All these villages tions and villages on its slopy uplunds as well in are the revenue villages under Baripada police the low-laying tracts'. Rangamatia ha~ got mixed station. The distance from one village to the other type of topography having an extensive stretch of varies from two to three kilometres only. The bulk plain surface for paddy cultivation as well as of population in all these neighbouring villages rough and rugged slopy barren land. The two comprises mostly of Bhumij. A few Mahali and hills Rangamatia Pahar and Gasadan pahar having other families also live in these neighbouring altitude of 2,700 feet and 2,945 ft. respectively villages. stand out hS the guardian of the village. A per ennial stream, flowing in between the village in The only road running westward from Bari west east direction vertically bisects the village pacta town is a pucca road upto the bridge over into two segments. The 'habitations, belonging to river Budha Balang. Slightly beyond the river and different communities lie scattered on both the almost upto the main bazar of Shyamakhunta the sides of the stream in the undulating surface as road is metalled though not a pucca one. Further well as on the hilly slopes, present a picturesque to this the entire distance upto Ranga,natia is a Jand-scape. The bed of the stream is very low and at kutcha all weather road. The bridge over river does not serve the purpose of irrigation. Budha Balang, constructed in the year 1972, further brings Rangamatia closer to the urban The irrigation cunal ,."hich h-:<; its starting atmosphere of Baripada town. This road moves point at the dam at Balidih~, about 5 Kms. north westward beyond Rangamatia and passes through of Rangamatia, touches the residential clusters of dense forests of Similipal hills range connecting the village near the high school and flows ward village Nahana and Kaptipada sub-division via almost parallel to the main road which links Bari Durgam. Since many vehicles ply through this pada town. Balidiha is one of the two main road the quiet and serene surroundings of Ranga anicuts of the district the other being Haldia. matia and half a dozen adjoining villages are These two irrigate about 5261 hectares or 13,000 greatly affected. acres of land, of the distrbt. The anicut having constructed on river Palpala at Balidiha forms a Physical features: huge reservoir which feeds a number of irrigation canals and d}stributaries in the neighbouring areas. The Similipal hills range not being very far Rangamatia village has the advantage of being from this village, the terrains around Rangamatia very close to one of such distributories and getting appear very much undulating. Although there is enriched by this. The irrigation canal passing no prominent forest around this village yet one nearby infact, intercepts the vast agricultural land finds shrubs, bushes and huge foliages at a dist:mce in the low le"ying plain surfac and the village site which give an indication of wild growth of forest with undulating surface. around Rangamatia. A natural stream on south popularly known as "Kauchi Khala" which meets Soil type: "Budha Balang river in the name of "Kinchinala". The o'Ver all scenery of the village with barren The village is situated with a compact undulat lands and irregular terrains are by no means ing and hilly terrains. Bnt a small portion of the monotonous-rather one feels quite homely amidst region towards the south-east of the village con shrieks and playful pranks of the tribad kids. stitutes good soil of Dorasa, Matial or Chikita mati types. Whereas Chikita mati is sticky clay, Natnre of terrains: the Dorasa type is an admi_xutre of sand and soil and is retentive of moisture. Other soil types of the The protruding hill ranges of Similipal oecupy surroundings are Balimati or Sandy soil and lal the central portion of the district of Mayurbhanj. mati or redish soil which invariably constitute the The eastern portion of this hill range slopes gently ~ main bulk of soil in Rangamatia. Thus the name from the foot of the hills towards east. Ranga- of the village is derived from 'Ranga' meaning 3 colourcJ and 'Matia' meaning soil. Of these the Dora&a type and matial type are most .suited for 1 2 3 ~ - -_._---- . !lgricul~ural purposes. 1970 1.748.4 • Climate: 1971 J ,912.5 1972 1,641.0 The climate of ,the village is quite identical 1973 1.648.2 with that of the district of Mayurbhanj which is 1914 1,648.2 characterised by an oppressive hot summer and high humidity nearly all the year round, May is 197" 1,991.3 the hottest month when the daily maxi,flum 1976 1,524.2 temperature is of the order of 4 1°C (l06°F). 1977 1.980.9 On som.:- occasions when the heat is oppressive i 9711 I.lS9j 9 the recorded maximum temperature comes to 1979 1,087.6 48°C. At the onset of the monsoon the day 11'80 1,320.8 temperature drops down from mid June. The day ,---- and night temperature further drops with the Cropping Region : withdrawal of the monsoon by the first week of October. While May is termed as the hottest and The layout and the surroundings of Rangamatla opprc!>sive period, December is the coldest month present a realistic picture of the region, harnessed which suggests Rangamatia to be in the belt of for the purpose of cropping. As has earlier been extreme climate. However the whole of the district discussed, major portion of this vast land of Ranga gets a 'Well distributed rainfall during the monsoon. matia comprises of very rough surface. The There being only one meteorological observa uplands on the south are almost dry and are devofd tory f,)r the district locateu at Baripada, the of being utilised for any crop. All inhabitants of climate of Rangamatia is not separately recorded. Rangamatia who have accepted agriculture as their Maximum and minimum temperature for the mdinstay have extensively utilized the plain and the village is not maintained separately. In this region low-lying undulating surface for the agricultural of the district, the ravages due to seasonal catast~ purpose. Even the low lying areas and the sloppy rophe like cyclones and storms are not unknown terrains on the south bank of the stream arc to the Villagers. reserved for different crops. Wind \\ ith high velocity usually originates fro 11 I the Bay of Bengal and passes over the entire The agricultural land lying to the north of the district. In the post monsoon period, heavy village as well as across the irrigation canal are rainfall is also recorded. This village has got no acclaimed as more fertile. The vast stretches of p;'ovision of recording rainfall. The rain recording paddy fields covering an area of approximately instrument is installed in the Government seed 15 hectares is the granary of the village. Fertile farm at Shyamakhunta which is near to Rangamatia land similar to the one mentioned above, alsp village. Rainfall recorded for the year 1968-80 exists in between the m!lin road and the eastern is pr.!sented below which indicates the quantum of extremities of the residential clusters of Rangamatia. rainfall in a period of thirteen years as betwe~n Another patch of good land, suitable for cropping 1.087.6 and 1,992.3 mm. is on the south of the main residential area. 1t has alluvial soil and has the advantage of the Rainfall . low lying perennial, stream close by. The stretch TABLE 1.1 of land lying in between the 'nul1ah' or the canal A verage Rainfall from 1968 to 1980 and the village is also being utilised for growing ._------paddy and maize crops. In all, the fragmentary Year Rainfall in mm patches of land with slight resemblance of terrace like arrangement, extending up to the northern bank of the 'nullah' or the canal are considered to t968 1.691.5 be of superior type and most suitable for different 1969 1.653.5 crops. 4 On the other hand the uplands, extending Famine of 1?07 : further south-ward acrose the 'Khanchi Khali' is a dry land. hi this vfl.sf stretch of land some The winter paddy as well as the rabi_ crops seasonal crops are grown only during rain.y season. failed to grow due to deficient and unevenly In the remaining part of the year 'Sabai' grass is distributed rainfall in'the entire district of Mayur (,xtensively grown. bhanj. The villagers felt the scarcity of the edible jungi~-products including m:thua kendn and Frequency of vagaries : mango etc. The iifc became too agoI}izing for the POOf . ~e middle Class too started f1eein~ to neighbouring areas in search of employment as Rangamati:1 has the history of -having experi Ia, bourer . enced the ravages of famine of 1907 and draught ag~icultural of 1954 and 1955. The food and the drought Drougbt of 1954 and 1955 : gripped the entire district of Mayurbhanj. The present generation still remembers the vagaries of Due to utmost scarcity of rainfall about 237. drought of recent years also. In the jear 1927 930 p~rsons. scatterel ~ver an area of 1 7 I 99 1.55 devastating flood swept the entire Sadar Sub hectares of land of this district were greatly affected. Division. As a result of this ample damage was While people were looking'forward for favourable caus_!!d to the crops as well as to the property_ Fonditions in 1955-'56 after a yenr of suffering, There was four feet of wa!er in the female ward of drought condition continued in the district shatte the Baripada .fIospital. Cgnsiqerable damage was ring the hopes of the people. Although the caused to the houses lying on the low-lying parts intensity was not acut'~ as in the pr.;"iou8 year, it of'the town pccupieg chiefly by the poorer classes. was sufficient to set back the morale or the people The Ranibag garden was completely submerged who were victims of scarcity continuously for two !}.nd much dfllnagt:; was done to th~ huts and years."· Rangamatia village was no exception. furniture_ The villagers also r!!call the ravages of :rhe majority of the inhabitants felt them'ielvcs flood of 19o? which cut off the link with Baripada crushed under the pangs of hunger. Some ran to tOW\l for a couple of weeks. They also recall, Baripada for casual employment and to work on tne fury of 1974 !lood. .."Almost all ~he rivers daily wages, while the women and children and the and rivulets of Baripada Bamaghati and Panchpir aged dependants had to scan the forest, day in and sub-divisions were in high spate-overlapping t~e day out for shrubs and edible roots. the banks and marooning and inundating the riverside villages and crops. T~en~ was total Trallsport and Communications : slisruption of power tel~-c9mmunicatio1} and f9a!l communication. The stormy wind damaged high- f J 1 .... This tjny trj~~l village is 4ircctly connected land paddy, millets, maize etc. D~pnages to roads. witl! Baripa~!i. An a~l weather r6:ld from Baripada bridges public buildings, electric poles, tranl1mission runs across river BUdhabalang via vilhge-Astia. ')'1 • " <' I • lines besides some minor damages )"ere repor(ed_ The commuJ;iications over the Budhabalang haye .... _ •. 'If ~ ..., .... ~ .. The ~alue of loss to pr9Pei'ty and public utilities ~n become easier after the construction ot pennanen't the entire district was of the order of Rs. 157 1?;c~ briag~ i~ the year I ~?~. The ~ncoming iakh~ by that time. p.~ayy ve\licle~ car~y}ng h~avy 10~~ from the ff. ~rought linking Astia with Baripada. From village Astia, h~v~ considenibly hit the econ~m}c ,?ondltIon of the terminus all buses c9l,lljng from Baripada rush the yilJagers. A brief description of each off towarq~ Uda{a, Kaptipada and to Keonjhar. ~itastrophy is detailed below: • The communications to village Rangamatia and also td the int~rior parts of the forest are comparatively smooth. ·White Paper on Natural Calamities, Revenue Depart ment-TKo %nd Declembet. 1974 P. '5. ·Oris~ District Gazetteers, Ma)urbanj, I 967 .•. P. 21 6 __ .. ------~~ iiMH:'~~ ,,~ ~~_I .. !iN ."UJ!JI1____ I I ~~~";-~~;iJ!l~c;:iT;'~'.. 1r. ~".<:.:,t' .. ~;j;,: ~ ':..' ~~:":r _' "- ':._ .. ~.- -::. _.,- ,ijf . • • - ••'" , • ; >.". " '.. • • .- _- The road leading westward from Baripada is or to Astia and Baripada. The other means of an all weat'her road. There is no difficulty in transport are rickshaw, cycle and the bullock-e:lrts. negotiating Rengamatia either by a jeep or car. While the former solely serves the purpose -of While it !s a pucca and a good stretch upto village transporting passengers, the latter supplements Astia across the river Budhabalang, kutcha road transportation of faoa crops and other miscellaneous starts from this important terminus towards Ranga goods from Rangamatia and adjoining villages to matia and to other villages. It is comparatively the marketing centres. A number of people are illferior and rugged in nature as it passes in a zig now in poses ion of cycle for their communication Z'lg manner in the hilly terrains of Siniilipal reserve purposes. forests. 1t is extrem~ly uncomfortable even to go" on cycle through the uneven surface. Although A metre-g:lU~e railway the only railway line of 'the heavy vehicles like trucks pass on this road the district which links Rupsa, the railhead in the still it is not a motorable road beyond Rangamatia. adjoining district of Balasore, with Baripada, is rarely availed by the inhabit'lnts of ~ang~matia. Only a few years back Rangamatia could be For all their commutation purposes either to Bala negotiated by the p.eavy vchiyles. Other common sore or to Betnoti etc., the facility of Bus services media was cycle. But these days buses and available from Baripada is mostly preferred. ~ycle rickshaws ~ore often ply to and fro Rangam::ltia, Balidiha and other adjoining villages. Demographic Trend : In fd~t, there has been a m:uked change during Accroding to 1 98 1 Census a population of I, 15 1 the decade ] 961-71. Though the bridge over comprising ofSll4 males and 5 (J 7 females has been river Budha balang'is a landma'rk, yet 'Rangamatia recorded for the village Rangamatia. In 1951 Census village could be linked with bus communication the popUlation of the village was only 705 which ~nly in i 97 5. A mini bus goes upto village iQ,crcased to 8 56 in 196 1 Census and it further Balidiha via Shyamakhunta and Rang l.matia and incre!lsed to 964 in 197 1 Census. in other has already solved a great problem of communica words there is an increase of 21.42 per een,t of tion. Initially the buS operated in between population in the village during 1 'J 5 1-6 1. But a Mahabilla (a point ill Suliapada police station lower trend of increase in populati~n of 12.62 about 25 kms. off Baripada) and Balidiha covering per cent has been registered during the y~ars 1961- ~ total distancfl ~f 40 kms. As such it was plying 71. This may be due to the non-implementaion only once in !he tpornin¥. Subsequently this mini bus of any developmental work within this village or in caters to the local demand and now it has been the periphery which could arrest the out migration frequently touching Rangamatia and the important of the job seekers. But in the present decade villages twice "daily, Quite a good number of (1971 to 1981), the growth rate has again gone commuters including the poor rustics and the wen up to 19.4'0 per cent of the village. to do depend more or less on this tJ:ansport. The residents of Rangamatia and other villages Table 1.2 shows the decadal variation in rural jn the vici~ity who possess cycle, pass through population since 195 1 of the State, District and Rangamatla on their way either to Shyamakhunta the village. TABLE 1.'2 Decadal Variation in Population with pllrcentage given in the bracket during last three decades Rural Population Year Orissa State Mayurbhanj Dist. Baripad. P.S. Rangamati. Vill. J 2 3 4 S 1951 14,051,876 1,019,541 75,709 'leU 1961 16,439,19'1 1,175,623 41,80~ 856_ <+10.99) 16.99 <+ p.31) ( -43.46) (+21.42) - 1971 20,099,220 1,394,20 55,696 964 <+22.26) <+18.60) <+30.12) <+12.62) 1981 n,2S.9.914 1,491.33,5 5'.164 1.151 <+IS.73) «+6.96) (+ 2.64) (+i9.~O) NOTE :-67 villases to Betnote P.S. IOnd 90 \-iJlages to Kuliana P,', were transferred from Baripada P,S, durinll 1951-6, .. 6 It is revealed that the growth of rural popula astuteness of observation of strangers and new tion for the State is highest l22.26 per cent) ~deas. They have frugal way of life continued during the decade 1961-71 and lowest (15.73 with calm resignation that would willingly accept per cent) during the decade 197 I -81. The same circumstances beyond their control as God scnt,_ trend has also been marked in case of the district They follow a slow pace of life in consonance and But it is just reverse in case of village Rangamatia. with the rhythm of nature'. Any development The lowest rate of growth has been registered programme as such is not acceptable, to the (12.62 per cent) during the decade 1961-71 rustics in general and in case of the tribals" any Whereas the highest rate of growth (21.42 per cent) / such programme that affects and aims at bringing has recorded during i 9 51-61 for the village R'anga a sudden change in their customary and age old matia. It is interesting to note that the growth rate tradition, is wholly discarded by them. The of rural popUlation bf the district has gone down to tribals believe in self independence. They love '6.96 per cent during the present decade which is free and un-interrupted natural surroundings. Any this town for all their tit bits. The Commercial selected for re-study as a village away from an banks, the industries the amenities and all other effective urban centre but nearer to a small town urban Characteristics have greatly influenced the (within a distance of three to six miles) Hence, social status of these inhabitants. .this sm 111 but important town of B l.ripada lying at a distance about I 1 Kms, from Rangamatia has a The urban traits and the sophisticated style and significant bearing on the socio-economic and manners of wearing fashionable clothings, sporting cultural development as a whole. beards or long hairs and the like have now-a.-days become part of their life So much so, an educated The present re study go~s to prove th:tt this tribal boy not only frequently make use of transis village although lies in an undulating terrain and tors, but on Sunday!> and holidays he is marc in a trib.lI b~lt of the state, has grea tly bc'.!n in often seen in the cinema hall at Baripada. The fluenced by its close social interaction with the import of urban characteristil:s and their constant urban centre. This urban centre at B:uipada which social dependence on Buripada town have not only virtually controls the general admlllistration of raised the level of development but a lso these Mayurbhanj district has a great and unique ad factors have brought about a good deal of social vantage of b.!ing linked up with a number of small change in the habits and manners of majority of and big urban centre, lying both within and outside ~he youths to a greater extent. the state. The N.ltional Highway No. 5 passing through Baripada town links many important The educated ones rush to the towns for better industrial as well as commercial centres. Calcutta job facilities. The YOl'ths have developed taste Ranchi, hmshcdpur are a few amongst a host of for higher education. Similarly this class has also metropolitan and industrial cities which are linked developed awareness about politics and the with Baripada on this National Highway. All these. Government. directly or indirectly influenced the social as well as cultural traits of the people of Rangamatia. Reasons for Re-Study : During the decade I 461-71 a good deal of social intercourse was established with Baripada. This was As .:m ancillary study of 1961 Census, several further strengthened after construction of the all villages on different aspects of studies were weather bridge over river Budhabalang and on selected. This village of Rangamatia was improvement of communication facilities. basically selected as a nUlH<.!rically prominent s~heduled tribe village of the State, having 87.03 Settlement pattern : percent tribal population. The previous study depicted the socio-econmic al> well as ethnographic Unlike the dwellings of any other village in picture of the village and the Bhumij as a major the plains the layout of this village docs not community. The demographic trend as well as appear to follow any set pattern. The houses, various details of cultural, economic and social irrespective of any particular community are put traits formed parts of the earlier study. It up in a scattered manner. The well to do and highlighted the demographic and cultural features economically well off residents put up huge of the village as a whole. Also as a part of I 961 structure for the main living house while their study, the survey included the study of the impact kitchen, stores, out-house and the cow- shed lie of the urban culture in influencing the socio apart. The middle and poor people errect one economic traits of the Bhumij and those handful roomed house with a varandah and the kitchen belonging to other communities. is Sl!t up withm the dwellings. On the whole one finds these varieties, mingled up in the segments.. As an ancillary to 197 1 Census Rangamatia has mingled up in the segments or 'Totals' (hamlets). been chosen for the purpose of re-study. While it was selected in 1961 Census as a prominent The rough and rugged topography of the tribal village, during the 1971 census, as per village do not permit the residential structures to specified principles and criteria of selection, laid follow linear or any set pattern. This irregular down by the Registrar General, I ndia, it has been pclttern and formation of hamlets containing group 8 Qf residential structures are found in both the sides Pallchayat office and bus stopage attract people of the stream. The residential structures within the from adjoining areas making it imporant spot of main village lying on the north of the stream out the area. [n the westeOl fringe the Public Health number those lying beyond the stream. These are Centre is located which caters to the health connected with each other thr0l1gh a bridale path. problems of the residents of Rangamatia and a Nowadays slight improveh1cnt of these footpaths host of other adjoining Villages. Although this are undertaken by the Gram Panchayat. Main Health centre is under Rangaloatia panchayat, it is village road lias also been widened. 'kituated outside the boundary of this village in. Sapanchua village. The settlements on the other side of the stream and particularly those errected on the slope and TIlcre are three 'Tolus' in the southern out on the high mound~ present a panoramic view, skirts which from part of the upland, on the other from a distance while the protrutiing settlements side of the Rangamatia Nullah. The height of thf~ on the other side of stream tract the out-siders. upland where the 'tolus' are situated is around 2bO ft. above sea level. Within this Cluster the The layout of the village reveals irregular Ghasis or the Beheras, the Christians and a num patches of the settlements scattered in four different ber of Bhumij, Bindhani and Mahal i families live. scglfients. These segfnents are locally known as There is no separate 'Tola' earmarked for any "Toals' and they are "altogether eight in number in specific community. The Ghasis, although known the eastern portion. They are (l) Brahmin Tola as the member of scheduled castes, live in the (in Jodin Tola (iii ChetarTola !iv) PatalaTola(v) same 'Tola' The Christ ins who have a Church in ·Goda Tala (viI Vtar Tola (vii Ulli Tola ano (viii) 'this 'Tola' live scattered in this region. Tala Tola. Of these, the 13rr.hmin Tola is stated to be the eldest cluster where only Brahmin family While the entire stretch of southern and the with a number of Bhumij and one Barik family central portion of Rangamatia has undulating sur live. This 'Tola' is also stated to be the hub of the face, the northern and eastern portions are having village us quite a few influential people including vast lands of plain surface. These portions are the Sarpanch of the Panchayat and the village irrigated by the Rangamatia canal passing nearby. Pradhan live here. Apart from those respectable The land around it are extensively fertile land. personalities who command immense respect from The vast fields of paddy and millets look like greed. the Bhumij and other communities, the.re also live carpet. The shrubs and trees at one or two placeS a person who has lots of information relatjng to further enrich the land-scape. The western and the earlier settlers of Rang<:matia. A few other southern portion or the region, being comprised households of the Bhumji with the stamp of edu mostly of hilly and irregular terrain have mostly cation are also conspicuous in this Tola. This tola dry fields. 1n this vast area nothing grows except is located in between the Nala and the eastern the 'Asu' or the 'Aus' paddy in the rainy season. fringe of the village and is quite visible from the The central portion and the land adjoining the road. 'NulIah' are compdratively superior tertiIe land. This land having the advantage of irrigation faci Near the school, there is another cluster, lity is suitable for growing various crops round the known as Chhaki Tola. The weekly market is held year. Also one finds a variety of fruit bearing trees in this tola. There are a few small shops, a grocery like mango, jack fruit etc. and many other varie shop, two tea and condiment shops, a tailors ties of middle sized and huge trees which present cab;n and the cycle repair shop are all located in panoramic view from a distance. this 'Tola. "fhe mini bus carrying passengers' from Barip~da has the stopage at this point, from where it is diverted towards village Balidihu. An ex The perennial stream or the 'nullah' which .M.L.A. belonging to another village, has settled up bisects the entire village into two portions, abounds here in tlie residence of his father-in-law. This tola -in natural beauty, particularly in the rainy and is located in a busy place where weekly market, is winter seasons when it is swelled with water. The held. The existence of shops, high school, hills in the back. gr·ound, the stream and the paddy ~ " r! ~ (J ,;; ~~1;,ilJiilit:JillI/f';''' , e; ~ ··'t!" ""1t!ti!Hl!lt?f!.!!~7 . '~ .. '.: ."s';'- '.~'" ------, ~ -~--- -. _ .... __._.. - ...... _. _._...... ------." _ _ r.-_~ __ _... ,It..::: .'1: '..:_.' . "::-.--;:::-L .)' ....,. ..- ~ . . ~---~-~~~~-- .. ,,.,.....,.. ~-~~~ --~----~~- ~-- ...... --_ ...... ------~~~ -- -~-~~~ ~-~-">;... - - - - - _. ---~------ _ --..., _ - - - .r: - ----.-_. '7"'" '. ";'" ~ ~ : ~" . r:- : .. ~.,~ . ~ .... ~ H",~_;n p. '" ~. J,- '- _ .~ e·" ~.~ . 1= "" , ,... ~ ."_. 11!"'<:!>~'m"'~ ,,. ""~'i''''''', ' , .f • ~ -_ . . • 'I_""'''_''''~'''''''J,,'_~. 1- _ :zr.ttrl!z: ....-.~.,.~·""r".".="~.-_-"'~ .. ~.....,.r~,..' ..'_:Jr - !;H'" ~ ,10 :~~l :' .!~. /.-: .'. 'If ,_. t ._ '.' -"~,_j' ~)~,':,=:I~. l_ ~ ," . ~ '._ ~._" " • 0;" ~ ...... ". ."' _ _ _ ... - ,.,.."..-~::-._ 'ffItIr..~'il: .m:t.. . ·~!!:;. 9 fields in the lowlying terrain largely shape the'"" Administratin Institutions : physical features of this village. -s - ~ ~, l' Rangamatiu' village} cbmcs . ul1der the jurisdic The internal communication i:; very inconveni tion of Shyamakhunta Community Development ent and • ,haphazard. As pointed out earlier the -Block. The Block headquarTers being at Shyama shapeless and abrupt land has got no significant khunta. directly controls the administration of inter-cluster communication facility. The residents village. Rangamatia has its panchayat headquarters belonging to one cluster wade through the ungentle in the village itself. slopes and narrow bridlepaths. R_ecently efforts have been mldc to widen these foot paths in some The list of administmtive institutions in the phces, linking the il'!1Portant points. In some village include offices of Revenue Inspector, Sub places the foot-paths have also been irpprovised. Postmaster, Consolidation Officer and village Levd Agricultural Worker and that of the LAMPS (l;arge The scgme~lt -a~!c:,,, the R,u'gamatia Nu.U'3h Sized Agricultural Multi-Purposes Society). The was previously connected with a pucca over bridge VLW or Village Level Worker:. arc now re-designa near the residence of the Mahila Samiti Secretary. ted as Village Level Agricultural Workcrs}. This bridge was unfortunately damaged during the flood of 19"5-66. Now the residents are put to immens!,! pifficulties. The inter-cluster communica While the Consolidation offi! TABLE-I.3 Sale of Post Cards, Stamps etc. during preceding year ending on 31st March, 1974. CategorY of When esto- Jurisdiction Total transaction, No. of letters MODey Orders Post Office bJished sale of cards etc. distributed ------of value Received Issued Rs. Rs. 2 J 4 5 6 7 Sub-Post 1.12.1959 8 Rs.I,336/- 615 Rs.4.622,50 Office villages includes Rangamatia envelopes, cards. book posts a(,d Inland covers The LAMPS or the Large Sized Agricultural be looked into by this scheme of community project Multi-purpose Society has been doing commend The development programme under community able job in Rangamatia. It was opened in the project mainly require to undertake [oHowing vi1lage only in the year 1977 and has been helping uplifting schemes for the rural sector: the residents of 134 neighbouring villa.ges within the Shyamakhunta C.D. Block. Apart from (i) Agriculture and Rural Development : Recla providing consumer goods and the controlled and mation of available virgin and waste land, provision de-controlled c10things for the poor the Large of water for agricultural technique, veterinary aid, Sized Agricultural Multi-purpose Society is also improvement of implements marketing and credit extending loan facilities. It had a total of 1,495 facilities, breeding centres for animal husbandry, members bebnging to Rangamatia and Kendua development offisheries, reorganisation of dieteties, Gram-Panchayats, having total shart.' deposits of development of fruit and vegetable cultivation, soil Rs. 5,309 in 1977 and only Rs. 996/- in 1978. research and provision of manure, plantations of forests, etc. The role of Community Projects: (ii) Encouragement of cottage industries and The planners devised this scheme under the craft as main or subsidiary industries, encouragement Five Years Plan with a view to bring about a of employment through planned distribution of co-ordinated lUany sided development of the rural trade auxiliary and welfare services: areas. The villagers, under this scheme are also required to be endowed with the facilities of (iii) Provision of education, compulsory and education, new techniques of agricultural produc free at elementary stage by opening high and tion, agricultural small scale or cottage industry middie schools and technieal schools. etc. So that there is moral and material develop ment of village life.'" "Community Development (jv) Health, provision of sanitation and public is the method and the Rural Extension the agency health measures, medical aid for ailing, ante-natal through which the Five Year Plan b;!eks to initiate care for expectant mothers: a, process of transformation of the social and economic life of the villagers". Further,.. the planners have outlined various items which a"'re to (v) Provision of community entertainment based on local talents and culture, organisation of lopal ·Mamoria C.B.-Social Problems and Social DisorganI and other sports activities like 'melas"co-op.erativc sation in India, 1960. Page No: 412 and self help movement. _ I A _ . I .i______t ":\..r _ . l .l ~ . ~ (vi) Providing refresher courses for improving spot \\ hich has not been re-built. They have to the standard of existing artisans, Training of agri take a circuitous route to reach the other side of culturists, artisans, supervisors, managerial person the stream. However, the Panchayat has a plan to nel, health workers and extension officers. re-build the bridge. The demogratic decentralisation of power has The roll of Gram' Panchayat in the field of brought in Panehayat Raj System, a three tier assistances to the villages for procnrement of food system of administration. This has Zilla Parished grains and other essential commodities is commen in the district level and the Gram Panchayat Samity dable. This has become more convenient with the in the middle. In accordance with the provisions introduction of large size Agricultural mUlti-pur of Orissa Gram Panchayat Act, it is vested with pose society in the vicinity. both civil and criminal powers. This Gram Pancha yat with its elected body of the Pauchyat members No other institution worth the nanJe exists ill is responsible for rural upliftment of the people ill this village which looks after the administration of the village level. In Rangamatia the Gram Panchayat the village. The Revenue Inspector allotted for formulates plans and programmes with regard to this village has a hut for holding his office and the social and cultural development of the residents residence. The salesman of large sized Agricultural Multi-purpose Society holds his stores of the con This statutory Gram Panchayat came into being trolled commodities and consumer goods in the iu 1966 and it has got a total number of twenty shed built to use as Grain Golla of the village. villages. It is, thus the responsibility of this pan~ Through the LAMPS or the Large Size Agricultural chayat to look into the welfare of about 7,478 MUltipurpose Society which is operating in Ran persons living in the far flung hilly tracts within gamatia village since the year 19 77, the xesidents the precincts of the panchayat. Most of the pan are being provided with various consumer goods chayat members including the sarpanch belong to including clothing and dress materials etc. The area Rangamatia. The activities spread in all the nook of operation of this Large Size Agricultural Multi and corner of all 'individual villages-though the purpose Society covers seven Gram Panchayats i.e. focus of all activities concentrates in Rangamatia (i) Shyamakhunta Oi) Rangamatia (iii) Balidika (iv) the headquarters of the Gram Panchayat. Bhaluki (v) Baunsabilla (vi) Paikabara and (vii) Kendufl. In Rangamatia and in the adjoining villages within this panchayat, the residents -have reported Welfare Instjtution : about good deal of progress after the establishment of Gram Panchyat. The villagers have started using chemical fertiliser, hybreed seeds and new agricul The Yuvak Sangh and the Mahila Samity are tural implements, the two prominent welfare institutions operating in Rangamatia village. While the former is dedicated Due to the efforts of the Panchayat the newly to the services of extending the educational, social established Primary Health Centre has eased the and cultural welfare, the Mahila Samity mainly health hazards of the villagers in and around Ran concentrates its activities among the parturient gamatia. Regular health cl1eck up and distribution women and the children of the village. This Mahila of medicines at their door step has given them Samity .mainly concentrates of the village. This protection against many infectious diseases. Innocu Mahila Samity receives the quota of American Bol lation against pox and other family welfare guidance gur and Saled Oil and at times sugar or the gur to the married couples are boon to the residents. (Molasses) for distributing as mid-day meal to the children. It provides the cooked "bolgur" as feed With regard to communication facilities the ing for 22 days in a month. It was informed that steps taken by the Panchayat are remarkable. The approximately X Kgs. of Bolgur and 700 grams of lanes· and' bye-lanes are being widened and l?_ersis salad oil are consumed every day, tent ~fforts are ,being made for be.tter" intra-village and inter-village communication. The damaged The Yuvak Sangh' of this village on other hand bridge over the perennial stream is the only black organises cultural programmes. The youths of 12 Rangamatia have siag¢d social drama in berth Oiiyn. pr~viously infested with tiger, heta .(Wolf), bears and M undari languages. and wild deers etc. The elephants, at times come out of the dense reserve forests and are found dama Educational Institutions: ging the crops. As per the earlier study in the year 196 1 this Change during the decade and reasons ascribed for village had a low percentage of literacy. It has ·the same : also been stated in the earlier survey that Rangama tia had only one Lower Primary School which was The impact of the nearest town Baripada on its subsequently upgraded in the year 1953 to the Upper rural populace is not insignificant. That is so intense Primary Standard, LJl the year 1960 the enthusiast that the rural ch'.uacteristics of the area including youths of the village succeeded in establishing that of the village appear fading out very fast. another school of the Middle English Standard. Their dress and apparel. their material culture and their changing taste for sophisticated consumer As against this, in the re-survey in 1971 goods and luxurious articles like imported radio, Rangamatia was found to have made only one addi transistor and tape-recorders, camera and mopeds tion to the:: total numder of schools it had previ etc. give an indication of the impact·on the village ously. This addition is due to the establishment of which is losing its rilral identity. Fast industrialisa a High school in the year 1964 This school is also tion of the regLm and development of the Similipal housed in the same campus where Middle English area into a N .tional Pdrtk or Tiger Project Area and Upper Primary School exist. A total number together contribute n &hift or change in the village of 8 teachers are employed in this school out of life. The inhabitants of Rahgamatia, one day or the Which only 2 teachers are trained graduates. The other are sure to comletely assimilate themselves school had a unique result in the annual matric with the main stream of the entire urban popula examination in 1975 wherein 14 boys and 1 girl tion of locality. came out successful out of the total number of 14 boys and two girl'> appeared. During the decade the village has been well connected with the important commercial centres Flora :md Fauna: at Astia over- the river Budhabalang. A mini bus operates daily-once ill the morning and again in the As h'ls earlier been stated Rangamatia and its ufternoon. On the weekly market days, natives of surroundings abound in rich natural vegetations. far flung areas come to Rangamatia in the bus. Being located in the extension of Similipal Hills range it contains varieties of flora. Of these Sal The consolidation works in the village has been (Shorea Robusta). Mahula (Basia Latifolia), Kendu completed and the residents have a sigh of relief. (Dyospyros Melonozylon), Kusum (Sesloehera The important and most helpful prganisation which Trijagh), Panasa (Atro Carpus), Amba (Phy1hnth~s operates in the village is Large Sized Agricultural emblica). Tentuli, (Tamarindus indica). Baunsa Multi-purpose Societ). So far as the supply of (B 1mbossi) and varieties of other growths including consumers goods and all other important commodi Nimba (Melialndica) and Salpa (Seryota ureas) are .ties are concerned. the Large Sized Agricultural found within the limits of Rallgamatia. A large Multi-purpose Society cater to these. Over and above species of many other varieties too are common in the residents particularly the poor tribals and the the adjoining villages, Bhaluki and Kendua. harjjans greatly depend upon the sales depot of the Large Sized Agricultural Multi-purpose Society as Likewise the fauna, which includes birds and the pedlars WhQ visit during the weekly market animals has no famine in the vicinity of Rangamatia days greatly exploit them. Quite a large species of birds like common crows, eagles, mayura {Pea-cock} and other small birds The ch.ange ~n the use of sophisticated dress is having exotic colour and varieties are fo,!!nd. -greatly marked, Owing to ~he influx of fancy clo Among the animals, as it has been reported during thing to the weykly markets, in and around Ranga field studies. the jungle around Rangamatili was matia and in B.aripada Town, the residents heve ------ - YfIIIIJI!!i"~,::;iil/lI/f!!!f ~iiijllll!d!llI/J/J/III/IliIlIlll!l!ll,.t . .. It'1t~7!!!k.,,' , ~,~,I - ~. _ ~;,:;~ ~~~ , - 71Rf!.r.'{T, ' -;'" _'JUt· :.~?Ifff!!fII!II!'!/If,lr.;:~i:.._:t:m.d..:,.;">tI(' .,,'"'j;::'iI... ' .,.flil.!.tI!~H!f!a.{':;t;''' 'm "~!I1W/~"$9~"''''IIi" ~:,.. ,,'jJi!i! .'. -- , .. .. ~ '" " . " ~""' . -.... ,~ . - -..,. . .~U1~~ - ~ ,1- ~ ~ ___ ~~~__ ~t- __ ~._...-- "_-':"'1' __ ..... ' ___ , __ ". , " - ~ ~ ... ' " . ..,j..... r. rf/J."# t'ff J._ --'"'- - - - ""-._ -' . _- - - .. ~,., • ___ ~ ______.... ____, __ .. _.. ..._ _ ~ _ '" _ .. L .. ~ J _ ... R_, _"' .." - •• _ ____,,..~~~.,,...,,,..., ..,.,., "'=<" ,- _h • ...... ~ ...... prOYi or !""' ...... ~ .- ,- - •• , - ••• ...._ ... ,.,. - " " ' "..... ~.. ~ - ,::-, .. . ._ I. I.... ., '-- '- I. ' .: - - , I ' - 1' - l " ' ·~'" I I 13 dcv.::lop.::d a taste for costlier as well as colourful assi~ting the girls in st.!wing ghrments etc. The fancy drcss::s. V lrieties of fashionable dress inchl Mahila Samily also takes care of the parturient ding jcan'> and jerkin., and the bell bottom trouser~ women and the children by providing mid·da) are adorned by thc youths. Good quality silk sarees meals etc. and art silks sarees are now commonly u~ed by the rustic families. The fashionable clothing including. the udcrgarments are adorned by the young women Ethnic composition and settlement: The women folk now-a-days go mad for the cosme tics and perfumed hair oil. SIVtnlP90 including: vani'ihing creams etc. oecassionally used b) them. Indian villages arc u!>ually multi·ethnic \\hcre They use colou "cd ribbons,hair pin<; ctc. to adore persons of different religious belicf~ and of vc.ried the hair knob. The boys and the youth have shitfed linguistic groups reside. Despill: bl ing members of ovcr to fashionable shoes and sand:lks. Costlier and different caste group!> still they stand out as one unit. imported wrist wdtches, radios ancl tape recorders Thc rural community 'unlike urban scciety behave are also found in their possession. in a manner as if having intense blood relationship with each uther. An individual member ha!> got fellow feelings and knows the n.. embers of the villag So far as the agricultural assistance is con intimately while the urbanities do not know the cerned, this vilbge is ulldoubtedly receiving adequate next man in the adjoining houschold. Hence our attentio.!, of the authorities. One villge level villages, although are the combination or various agricultural workcs is posted -m this village who not cOl11muuities yet they resemble ~:s an ideal joint only assists in training the resident:, but also under family. Rural environment and rural culture are take'> demollstration of new varieties of crops ctc. now being polluted by evcr changing sophisticated The use of chemical fcrtilisers which was quite urban culture. lll1known to thc residents a couple of years back has also been introduced. Improved agricultural Implements are now pouring into the villages Rangamatia is a multi-ethnic village compnslllg through tile Community Development Block. Bhumij, Ghasis, Brahmins, Bindhanis, Mahali and Rangamatia has even gone a step further hy taking Barik families. In Rangamatia one notices such up cultivation of potato and wheat. Particvlarly the an interwoven and closely knit inter community cultivation of wheat in and around Rangamatia is a relationship. The members of differene commu recent feature of this region. nities practically do not lie apart. The Bhumij or thc Mundas live friendly with the Bral1mins. the The change in the food hahits is quite noticeable: Bindhanis and the Barib. The Ghasi and the The usd of beverages, 110 doubt irnported is quite Mahal is li\ e comparative Iy awt.y and these two common. The residcntsare not generally mad for the cOllimunities are fOijnd only across the pnennial use of intoxicating drinks or cigarctte etc. though stream. In this village one comes across the majority of residents can ill-affol d due to their Bhumij culturc and all sorts of activities mainly poverty. Chewing of betel is common but in revolving round Bhumij or Munda tradition. The comparison to other neighbouring people, the reason being ib compatatively ,nore population tribals do not indulge in chewiilg pan. than any other six communities in this village. As lr,ueh as 85 per cent comprises that of Bhumij and TLle Mahila Samity has been doing a commendable the rest of the communities share balance I 5 per job in imparting sewing and embroidery training. cent of the population of Rangamatia. Follow A centre, newly 0pened for d'eve]oping the taste in ing ;s a comll1uuity wise statistics of Rengamatia craft as well as ill t~aching self sufficiency has been which has got l!- total uumber of 177 households. 14 TABLE-I.4 Community wise composition of population and households of the ,'mage at the time of SUrYey-1973, The statistics reveal that the Bhumij are the Bhurnij : dominating community with 85.36 per cent of Name & origin: The Bhumij believe that their the total population in thc village. Obviously out name has been derived from the place of their of the total Ilunlber of households 85.88 per cent origin which are Singhbhum, Dhalbhul1l and belong to this major community. Ghasis, Brah Birbhull1. Their ancestors originally belonged to mins, Billdhani and Mahali follow with their these places who in search of better agricultural meagre population. While the Bhumij alone land and food migrated to Orissa. Some old record for 85.36 per cent, the rest of the com Bhumijs of Rangamatia have given to understand munities together return 14.64 per cent of the that 'Bhumi' means soil and the word Bhumij COll total population of Rangamatia. It i.>, therefore, 'lotes that they are the 'sons' of the Soil. quite but natural that the Bhumij tradition and culture, their social customs and manners pre The Tamadia section, hailling from Tamad in th~ dominate over rest of the communities. The Bihar are found in abundance in Rangamatia and J. community next below Bhumij, in respect of its couple of other villages around Rangamatia. Even population is Ghasis who share the m:ljor bulk though their ancestors came long back yet they have with 6.21 per cent followed by Brahmin with 3.33 been keeping close liaison with their counterparts in per cent, Bindhani with 2.66 per cent, Mahali Tamad. It is also reported that each year they and Barik consisting I .22 per cent each. While visit Tam<1d. The 'Gosain' or their spiritual head the dominating Bhumij apear Inppy, very much residillg in Tamad also pays them regular visits. alart to the socio-economic transition, the Ghasis or the Beharas even though they are second majo 11' appearance the Bhumijs are shord-statured rity, are woefully backward and appear very much but very strongly built. Their complexion ranges neglected. fro111 dark chocolate to a light brown as in case of the Mundas. Brief ethnographic details on the major commu nities of the village are illucidated in the forego The Bhumij of Rangamatia usually dwell in ing paragraphs. roomed houses with a portion set-apart for kitchen -'._::-.l~?0:.:~?;~~,'~~~·~-~~~~~~~~~~~~_·:~!\,«!lIj_~_~~!'!'r!'!}il!l,,£~~<_~:~,,jo!,,:/";":;'Ii',_~""!,~"';.;m!:i'!IIl:l~~'",._~."'-~"~~":>'::.~.·.:~~~~~~~\: • .,'--.; • ':i:_~ -. :- :;,...... • ' • "J:_"':.~ :i!k.';';' t 9Jitr,I' ~II.!,;~! , ~ _~_~_~~- ~ ..,. - .-,-cr-.._..",-....".~_~ __ .~~_~~ .-~_~~-- ...... _-=-:-.,....,..=-""'"'" _-:r_.,.. ... __,,~.- .. " .-.I' - -'" . JI' "'-" JiJi~",,';,~ ~ -. ' ';"»""L'~ -;r-:£ _ !:", .; ,.'... 1 "I . ."..::..... L""'''''' ."I;JJ.' ,",;',J""!/.-!1Il '_ mo..... -...., ~.~ • """""--.--- ,.._....-r-o--.,~.",...... -. - ~ ------. ~ -~ .. ~ ...... ""'.1;',- ~ ._"'"=" ... "" , ...... _ .... -:_. _L -I;t! '. -~ I~"-" .-" ~.-.. • -.. ______"" ...... ,-._ ~_.,,-_ :J1.. ':' ..... ,., l. .. ~ . .;; L ,.-' zlk'ftiiiJ;; 'IF' I :sii... ~- :-. .-:, .... .. ~~_-,",~, ~~"':n;J.." ~'fIIIMllIItfL~4";~~~'n ' ''~ ___ .·~~~lL ___ -,,".-";;'''''_.- .",",,_ '-"2:;1~. I 1'i1ud1'!ii-t .. • '1;"-, I • • • .:- .-:... ';' < ::.i:~ff ~~------_- . --~-- . ~ ~ ---~~-- ~~--- ~ - ~-,_ _, .. " , ,'Ij ,/,'''- ~ .. . ~ ~ "'7,,''fff!!'/t ". ...~l!I#J.I,I'·,..~.,,~'!1il , " . ,,, " _ .-----r= ~~-~~~-~~~~--~--~~~~~~-~~-. .,~~-~-~~--~------. ,,-- - _,- . ~ .... ~...__,....,...,..;,.<;.4a._..",.- ...... ~.-... "'~<:T ~ .... ._....._ ...... >_"""'C .....~ - ~_ ... -.,JI" ___ ..... ~~""1"111'" ...... ,...~~,.....-.r,;:t;~_....._. ~\,\_,._ ..... ~ ...... _,.-~.~- ..... ~~~~"""': ~r~ • __ ...... _._M ____ .....__ ...... -.. =--•• .._.._...... _ •••••• ~ 15 and store. The portion used as kitchen is consi couple of families are engaged in slaughtering of dered to be a s:lcreo place. They usually worship goats and sheeps. Usually on the market days, they their ancestor~ in this portion of the homestead. sell meat.· - The unn1'lrried males usually sleep separately in open verandahs or in smaller roorn<; which might Brahmins: 110t be having a door even. The totnl number of Brahmin households in The dress of tile Bhumij, males is a coarse and Rangamatia is around 6 and they arc in all 30 in plain 'Dhoti' a piece of cloth about three cubits. number. These Brahmin families are immigrants This i<; popularly known as 'Gamw.:ha, The 11se of from Bihar. Since two generations, they have their traditional cloth 'Pate Bhagua' is very rare. settled in this village. They are orthodox Hindus This 'P,lte Rhagua' or the long cloth of.5 to 6 and perform various rituals and poojas. The resi cubits of length is twisted round the wdiste This dents of Rangamatia and the Bhumij cOI1lmunity in elongated portion, is known as 'Pate' and this type particular engage the Brahmins for solemnisation of of wearing of clothes has b;::come completely out 1111rriage and other rituals. It was observed during dated. 'Dirpi' is now used while working in the the field investigation that owing to a number of field. A tow~1 is a comnlon feature of the headgear marriage celebrations in and around Rangamatia a Bhumijs ties round his head to protect against village, the 'Balllane' or the Brahmin had, however, sun. practically no time to waste. In one SLlch marriage -a small boy was four~.. d reciting 'Mantras' with the The older BhumiJs have been sticking to all other. He tied the palms of the bride and the their cheap and plain day to day dresses while the groom with a piece of sacred therad and conducted young~r generations have developed taste for much the entire process of the Bhul1lij marriage as per sophssticated and fashion~ble attire like jeans. Hindu rites. jackets etc. The girls have been using bell bottom dress with bush shirts. Coloured ribbons, flowers This apart, the Brahmins in Rangamatia though ar" aHhed on the hair locks. not in sizeable number yet they command respect. The Sarpanch of Rangamatia Panchayat is a Brahmin Ghasis: who commands great respect among all the catego Ghasis a Scheduled Caste community, come ries of villagers. Besides, leading a public life he next to the Bhul1lij with a total population of 56 is also a contractor in fuel and timber. or 6.2 I per cent of the total population of Ranga mltia. This is one of the most backw'lrd community The Bindhanis and the Mallalis of Rangamatia of this vill::lge. In Rangaml!ia_and other neighbour are still seen pursuing their tradItional occupations. ing villages they are known as Beharas. It was While the Bindhanis are a great craftsman on iron rep0rLed that their dn:estors served the Raja of and allied WOl ks the Maha1is are traditionlly basket YIayurbhanj as the palanquin bearers and working weavers. The Bindhanis supply all agricultural implements rcquired for cultivation etc. as 'S~lyees' or the Cavalier. During the survey they contemptuously retopied tint the 'Adibasi' residents The Mahalis who are the artis:llls of basketry of Rang'lmatia have assigned them with this corrupt are originally divided in-to a number of exogamous title of 'Ghasis'. septs or 'Pansas'. They are considered as)nferior The Ghasis live in segments in separate hamlets to the Bhumij tribe. or 'Tola's. Their house as such lie apart from the Except the Bhumij and the Brahmins, the rest houses of other caste Hindus. In Rangamatia uf community members are extrem(}ly poor. With although they live in a separate 'Tola' yet the their shattered socio-cconomjc back ground they houses of the Mahali tribes do uot lie apart. The never come close to these clites of -the .viP.~,ge. economic condition of the Ghasis is very poor. Rope making is the o;;cLlpation which keeps most The m~mbers of Mahali, Bindhani, Ghasi or of the families engaged throughout the year. A the Barik although in feeble number yet they do 16 not live in isaolation. They all belong to one unit 38.75 per cellt of the J ural population of the the unit of love and affection which tie them di~trict. The main workers of the village cgnstitutc together. TJ.e Bhumij and Brahmins never reel 4:.79 perscnt of the tot,tl population of the village these minority communities as backward. These whid is higher than that of the State (31).10 backward and millOrit)' communities work together per cellt) and the district (3 S. 75 per sen 1). This participate in community level di~cussions and shows that the people or Rangamat in are hard also share discussions which revolve round develop working. 1 he work participation rate i~ also more ment of the village and community life. In the in the village than tht other s(lrrounding villages Rangantatia Gram Panchayat abo they have no Economic advancement is possible if this type of hesitation to reprlsent and in fact onc person ha<; work participation trenJ i~ continued in the village been an active member of th-: Gram Panchayat. At the time of crisis any other ealanlit~ Impact of urbanisation on the villagers of or opposition to the implementation or non-impk Rangamatia is great particularly during the last mentation of govelnment programme. they come two decades. Thc ancient town of thc district f01\vard together forgetting their separate ethnic Baripada is in the close proximity of the village idcnity. and hence has exherted a great influence on the village and in the Socio-economic and cultural Ceneral fecI of the village: life of the people a~ a whole. The more visible social aspect in this regarJ is the adornment of In-genenJ the village is developing with the dre~s particularly the use of under garme,lts by advGncemcnt of time. Data shows that in the both male and females and also Lise of seasonal village the rate of literacy has increased from 6.78 dresses likc Sweaters in Winter. Use of sophc per sent in 1961 to 23.20 per cent in 198} sticated and costly cosmetics like Scented Oil, Census. Vanishing Cream etc. imported radio and tap Taste of the villagers for higher educations l~ recorders and also worth mentianing in this regard on the increasing trend which is also indicated b~ In the agricultural side use of chemical fertilisers castablishment of more and more educationa 1 insti and pesticides paves the way for their improved tutions in thc village. Besides the t;pper Primal':' method of cultivation. Educated youths of the and Middle English Schools having their indepen village are anxious to go to urban centres like dent ouilding a High School was established in Baripada for seeking a job or for earning liveli ] 964. Thi~ is mainly due to interest and zeal for hood. These modern outlook of the villagers is education of the inhabitants of the tribal village mainly due to urban effect. Rungamatia. " Visiting Chelll3 at Baripada now-a-days is not The villager~ are also gradually getting cOllci far away for thr villagers. So also, people of the ous about the general health conditions than before village are getting conciousness about their own as the village looks a little better in cleanliness rights constitutionally and day by day developing thUll what was previously presented in the mono awareness about politics and po litieal activities. graph. The advacement of the village is assured This new way of life of the tribal village tells if we take into account the -work partIcIpation upon the increa~ing standard of living. rat.! of the State/District and the village. The totql main workers in rural popUlation of the State and From all these aspects this can be concluded the rural main workers of the district constitute that the village is forward looking. ,_,.' ":"~k_;/';," !~I~~t~ f{jft-k _:.'.. J t~ r:~. )hi:rrtfff .~. ';,_~,::/ri!f-.:JI&iiiifk/#iiP-!!~.,Jh·~'.L ....;; I~~lf:i.~;r:;;,~~~,-~~~}!£~~~~;-;: ".. ~: . ~~J~~i[;fi~-~.,- .~ . .;-:~~~._--. ,_ - CHAPTER-2 SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY AND ViTAL STATISTICS Population groH th:- Generally India is considered per cent to total popUlation of the district, Mayur as a populous country -fia"ing more ru_ra' com bhanj. Morever the population of this village for ponents Comparatively the rural population of 1971 and 1961 were 964 and X56 respectively fndia constitutes much higher percentage than the Table 2.2. The percentage of population of thi~ urban population. Srecifically speaking, India village to total rural population of the district for constitutes 76.30 per cent of Tura 1 population, both the Censuses 1971 and 196] was 0.07 per whereas the same of Orissa state registers at 8 II. 21 cent. The growth rate of this village 12.62 per cent per cent in the IIJ 81 Census. It is conspicous for (1961-71) and 19.40 pcrcentfor(1971-81) from the Census data that the percentages of rural takes a upward trend. population to total pop:ulation of the state of Orissa are 81'.21 per cent,' 91.59 per cent and Increase in the number of HOllse holds : The num 93.b8 per cent for 1981, 19,1 and 1961 Cen ber of households of the rural area of the state in suses respectively. COll1ing down to the district 1 97 1 Censuses were returned as 4,3 84,7 1 1 and level the percentages of rurar population to total 3,80(>,741 respectively and the same for the population of Mayurbhanj district account for district Ma)urbhanj were 28 t ,4~6 and 2' 3,926 94,28 per cent, 97.21 pel cent and 97.64 per cent and for Rangamatia village it were 223 and 174. during the same period. Hence a growth of 28.2 per cent of households is marked for this village. 'The growth rates of The village. Rungamatia, the main target of households for Ma}urbhanj district is 12.~ per cent statistical study, belongs to the district Mayurbhanj fonowed by 15.2 per cent for the State. in the Police Station, Baripada. Rangamatia has a total population of 1151 with 584 males and So far as comparison is conerned, the growth 567 females according to 19M] Census. The rate of household for this village is more than the population of this village accounts for a meagre double of the district growth rate and nearer to 0.08 per cent to total rural popUlation and 0.07 the double of the State growth rdte. 18 TABLE- No. of Household Population, Scheduled Castes Total Population State/District No. of Household --~------~-----~---~~- p M F 2 3 .. 5 Orissa State (Rural) ",384,711 23,259,984 11,636,404 11,623,5110 Mayurbhanj Dist (Rura) 286,486 1,491,335 746,421 '44,914 Rangamatia 223 1,1 S 1 Sa4 567 19 :2.1 and SclteduJed Tribes, 1981 Census. Percentage Percentage of S.C. to of S,T. to Total Total Scl.leduled Caste Scheduled Tribe Population Popu ation ------~-- P M F p M p _~ __o ------~~~.'------'--~ 6 V IJ 9 10 II )2 II - ______o_ ~ __•• ___ 3,'02.195 1,"',326 J.744,369 5.642,376 2,7'9,714 2,842.602 l5.06 2".26 94.375 47.414 .J6.891 J U'.462 44".937 450,525 6.33 60.04 89 4'1 42 984 489 495 7.13 85.49 20 The Table 2.1 indicates that the population of (86.20 per cent) in the 1971 Census. During Rangt4matia comprises of general, Scheduled Caste this decade the growth rate for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population. Out of 115 1 has gone up and for Scheduled Tribe has dimini persons in 198 1 Census, H9 persons (7.73 per shed at a meagre percentage. Probably the dimi cent) belong to Scheduled Caste and 984 persons nishing variation has occtlred due to the influence (85.40 per ceIit) belong to Scheduled Tribe. Main of out migration. bulk of population of the village is Scheduled Tribe population. Scheduled C:l.ste dnd Scheduled Tribe A"crage household size population for rtlral arcas of Mayurbhanj district and Orissa arc 94.375 persons (6.3j per cent) Rangamatia village comes within the Jurisdic 895.462 persons (60.04 per cent) and 3.502,195 tion of Baripada TahasiliPolice Station of Mayur persons 05.06 pcr cent) 5,64 ,376 persons bhanj district. The population and household (24.26 per cent) respectively. In orber to draw figures in respect of four '1eigbouring villages a comparative analysis on Sl!heduled Caste/Schedu which are also within the area of influence of led Tribe popuhtio'l for t.his villa.ge, the Slmc Baripada 'fown, are presented In the statement 2.2 wen~ 46 p~rson" (4.77 Prr c.::nt) and 8.31 p.:rSOllS for the last three Censuses. TABLE-2.2 Average Household size 196J, 1971 and 1981 ------_------_ No. of Occupied District I Residential Household~ Populdtion Average Household, Size VIllage ---- .. - ... ------~ --- - -~~-~------1961 1971 198J 1961 1971 J 9111 1961 1971 1981 ------Mayurbhanj District lRurall 224.717 2S3,Q26 286,486 1,175,62) 1,\94,:49 1,4'.,33~ 5 5 5 Raognmati.t IS7 174 223 856 96 .. , ,lSI 5 6 , Jai Billia 19 114 112 469 609 635 5 5 6 .Tagannathpur 130 117 212 799 995 1,162 6 5 5 Sibjambaui fll 104 118 ".5 557 615 5 5 j Shyama Khuntll 67 58 81 296 374 444 4 6 , According to the 1981 Census 223 households district average. But the same average at 5 is are residing in this village whereas the number of maintained for Rangamatia as well as the district households fol' other neighbouring villages under during [98 J and 196 1. In an average there are comparison vary from a minimum of 82 numbers six members in each household found for the to a maximum of 212 numbers. Again during village Jai Billia during 198 I which exceeds the 197 1, 174 numb~rs of households were residing average of the village Rangamatia and that of the ill Rangamatia and the same for other villages were district. The average size of household for within the range of 58-187. As regards to average Rangamatia had increased to six from five household size, it is envisaged that there is five during the 1971 Census as against five for the numbers of members per household in Ranga!Uatia 1961 and 19ls 1 Census as is seen from the table, during 198 1 in par with the district: whereas However the size of the families of Rangarnatia there was six numbers of members per household village is seen at par with that of the district at in the 1971 Census. whicp. was more than the present. 21 TABLE-2.3 Sex Ratio, 1961, 1971 a:nd 1981 - '---' - ~------District/Village 1961 "71 lUI Sex Ratio ---7-"- --- -~----- M F M F M F 1961 1971 -- - ___,.---- Mayurbhanj District (Rural) 589,057 586, ~66 700,198 694,05 I 746,.01 744,914 996 Q91 99R Rangamatia 435 nl' 480 484 584 ~67 968 1,0()S r 971 Jei Billa 152 2'" 304 30' 319 316 861 I ,GO.~ 991 Jagannathpur 384 41 , 497 498 S58 604 1,08 \ 1,001 I.08:? Sibjambani 226 219 306 2S1 319 296 969 8.20 $'28 I I Sbyama KhuDta 154 142 !97 177 238 206 922 898 866 ----_ ~~--~~ The Table 2.3 indicates the sex ratio Sl11CC Decadal variation: three successive decades for Rangamatia village along with other neighbouring villages under comparison. The Sex ratio of Rangamatia was low tn the context of decadal variation ill popula i.e. 968 in 1961 as against 996 for the rural tion presented in the Table 2.4 it is interesting to population of ,the district. But in 1971, it had note that the growth rate of Rangamatia village gone up to 1001$ for village against 991 for the (12.62 per cent) was below the district leveE district and in 198 1 it has declined to CJ.7 1 against ( 19:1 2 per cent), according to the 197 I Census. 998 for the district. It is worth nothing that Other neighbouring villages under comparison had Jagannathpur, one among the neiglrobufing villages 'higher percentage of growth rate than the district has remarkable high sex ratio for the three decades level. village Jai Billa had 29.M5 per cent followed which are higher than the sex ratio of both the by Shyamakhunta (26.35 per cent), Sa bjambani. district' and Rangamatia village. The .. ex ratio of (25.17 per cent) and Jagannathpur (24.53 pcr another village, Jai Billa was atso more than that> cent). of Rangamatia in 1971. TABLE--2.4 Variations in population since 1961 --- ~~-- Population I;;)ecadal PereeotlQ,Jc Change District/Vi Ilagc ..£.-_------.-..,,------196) 1971 1981 1961-7t 1971 U - - Mayurbhanj District (Rural) 1,175.623 1,394,249 1.491.335 + 18,60 + 6.96 Rangamatia 856 964 1,1 S i +12.62 + 19:~O :... Jaibilla 469 609 635 +29.85 - ::I-_ 4.l-1 Jagannathpur 799 995 1.162 +24.53 +16.-7S, Sibjambani 445 S" 615 +2'.11 + 10.41 Shyamakhunta 296 37~ 444 +26.15 +'8.72 22 But according 10 the 1 98 1 Census the growth in accordance with the 1981 Census data, however rute of Rangamatia (19.40 per cent) is above the it maintains somewhat steady trend in population district level (6.96 per cent). From among the growth against the growth rate in rural area of the n !ighbouring villages the growth rate of Jai Billa State (15.73 per cent). village (4.27 per cent) is reduced and remained b~low the district level whereas the same was the Literates and its rate highest in i 971. Though the growth rate of Sabjam bani was 25.17 per cent in 197 I is depleted to The literates and literacy rates of Rangamatia 10.4[ per cent keeping a higher percentage than village and other neighbouring villages under the district level in 1981. Thus the study reveals comparison along with the district is revealed from a significant growth of popu1ation for Rangmnatia the Table 2.5. TABLE~2.5 Number of Literates and Literacy Rates 1961,1971 and 1981 District/Village 1961 1971 19111 Ma) urhhanj District Total (le. I S) 170,6'79 (1I.8S) 258,887 (2~.71) 406,741 Rur,al (13.28) 156,112 (17.00) 2)7,0'0 (23.76) 3.54,404 Rangamatia (6.7') 58 ('9.'9) "8~ (2'.20) 267 .Jaibilla (4.16) 20 (10.14) 66 (17.01) 108 ]ajlBnnathpur ('.") '3 (4.52) 45 (8.26) 96 Sibjambani (lO.~6)41 (15.44) 86 (IS OS) III Shyamll; Khunta . (IO.SI) 32 (16.58) 6t (20.05) 89 According to 1981 Census, out of II 51 per case of Jagannathpur village was remarkably low sons of Rang;matia 267 persons (23.20 per cent) with only' 4.52 per cent having 'only 45 literates are literates. So far as comparison of rate of out of 995 persons. Similarly, according to the IJteracy for Rangamatia is concerned it was 14. I 9 198 1 Census, the villages Shyamakhunta registers p~r cent during 1971 Census. While the overall the rate of literacy at 20.05 per cent followed by l.teracy rate for the district Mayurbhnaj stands at Sibjambani (HLOS per cent) Jai Billia (17.01 per 25.71 per cent in 1981 and 18.05 per cent in cent) and Jagannathpur (ts.26 per cent). In short, 197 I, the rate for the rural area is'somcwh1l.t leSs" the rate of literacy for Rangamatia village stands with 23.76 per cent and 17.00 per cent respecti at a higher level than that of its neighbouring vely. Though the rate -of literacy for Rangumatia villages, but is considered low if compared. with h:ld exceeded to the -district rate- in 1971, it has that of the Rural literacy rate of the State (23.76 maintained a parallel sequence with the rate to total per cent) because all but excepting a few of its rural literates, remaining just below the rate to habitants belong to Scheduled Caste and Scheduled total literates of the district in 19 x I (table 2. V). Tribe popUlation. _B;:sides the villages Shyamakhunta< and Sibjambani, ~h~'e~the rate of literacy was 16.58 per cent and J-5.44 per cent respectively during 1971. The Only 2 Graduates and 10 Matriculates were 4:81e of literacy for other neighbouring -villag~s reported and total number of 86 persons or 10.35 situated at a varying' distances, hut coming under per cent were returned as literates in age ~ group the influence of Baripada Town, the Headquarters 10 24 (Tabje 2.6). The percentage was however of the district, was quite low. It would be rather Jow in the age group 25 as only '.26 per cent maiked that the rate 'of literacY" during 1971, in were only teturned as literates. Only one male • __ • ~_._ _ __._ _ _ _ _~ •• _____ ' ___~k_~ •• __ ~_.r·· ___ ~ __ ~ __ ,. _._ - - - '" ~ -".,...... ,"'-"l""'J'::-.,. .. ~,....,.....,-"..~,_.,."'"' !J.. 'f' , _- --. _ _ • ~ _ - ~ __ ...... _-_~_ ..... ~ ...... ,.."" __ .. ~ __ •• _- ..... -._...... >Ir'- • ~ ~-, .~_ oI~------..;: ~ • ~~"":fl__ ~~ -~~~.s;!":Jl'_=~~_-j, --~19:. r ...... ~ '.~ ~ -~- ,,.,~ .. __,.,.._,.. o-..o~ ,-,.", _,...",,,.,,, -__ J_ .. • ~..." ~. _-.rH ~ .. , - - -. _1>; - - _____ '<._-= ------_------• ------~ ~----.------=~ --.. ""__ ""....,_ .. ,.,..."" "" _~ l.: ______" ______• _____ •- - -- . ,_------""" ------. - ...--~ ~. ~ -~ ------, ,..~ , ~ - ... ------..______e~~_.~~ ' - , ,:J;. ,_ 4. ': ,p..i1It.~. '" _" _ .,~ :.'i, ,/;, ~ I ~ ~------.------••_ r,~_.,..___ ~_~"' .. -....._.",_~ '"'" .e.Jt#' _- .. -,_ ,., --- - ~ !_~ "'.. ~ . "_,--'" -~. I • r-..--:.~ .-~.tF>S;,,.,,._,., ___ _.E;'" j." ~'!!RlfI,.irI!"--:~''fHlr-' __ - - . " -... " - .,.... - ,7!f<~ ~, ~_~Iiti ,:1!111..~~ ~ :'''''_JI:m'''' r 'UilS:'·R:i_·'l:·~ §. ~ 7.! t... ".. 1J/iJ/JIift.. ' . ·iI :~"'" "_~;_<_7~-!' ~,:;",,~ ."":{~ .' ;~·"<~·~·F~ ---~ - -' - _- -'_ -~ - - -~--., .:-::,-. 23 and one female belonging to Christian religion in Seven households belonging to Ghasi commu this village in the age group of 25 were reported nity were residing in this village, did not intend to not studying during survey time. (Table 2.7). But send their children to school, whereas Bhumij according to the 1981 Census 267 persons (23. community were taking some interest for education 20 per cent) out of 115 persons are literates. of thdr children. Further more excepting one Table 2.8 indicates that one male in the age group child of a Brahmin household none else was repor 10 14 whose place of birth was in the Bihar ted as studying though there were some children State was returned as studyiug. of schoolg0inQ' age in other households in alI other communities. TABLE- Scheduled tribe by Literacy and , Age-group S - ~ Ale-gr9up Total Scheduled Sex Population Illiterate Literate Primary Illiterate Literate Primary Middle Matri- Tribes o£. ..ll age Without Without culaticto Groups EducatIonal Educalional or Higher Level* Level Secondary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 All Scheduled Male 361 56 5 10 16 l7 21 6 Tribes Female 367 70 3 96 13 3 7 Bhumij Male 356 56 4 '9 16 IV 21 6 Female 358 68 3 94 13 3 7 Mahali Male 2 Female 3 Munda Male 3 Female 6 2 *Jncludes figmes for educational levels oot classifiable 25 2.6 Educational le'l"e~ ¥nd Ag~-~roup 10-24 Age-group 25 + ------_._------Non -T ccbnica I Technical Graduate l11iterate Literate Primary Middle Matricu· Non Techni- Technical Graduate Diploma or Diploma and a.bove witbout lation or cal Diploma Diploma and Certificate or Certi- Educa· Higher or Certificl'te or Certi above not equal to ficate Dpt tional Secon- DO! equal to ficate not degree equal to Level* dary degree equal to degree degree 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 2 116 33 5 10 3 173 2 113 33 5 10 3 168 2 2 ..-. 3 TABLE-2.7 Number of Persons iJy Age, Sex a:nd Studying Not Studying in Educafiomil Instilutidn by Religfon-1973 Survey 'Total Number Stud~ini Number not Studying Remarks ----_,..------_...... - -- Religion Age Males Females Males Females Males Females 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 9"- Ai) Religion 5-9 20 3'0 1l 4 26 10 -14 21 26 10 5 11 21 15-19 16 11 6 10 1 J 20-24 8 15 ...... 8 15 25+ 74 91 74 91 Christian 5-9 ...... -lit" -lI 10-14 , .. 15-19 ...... 20-24 • 0' ...... 25+ 1 1 Hindu 5-9 10 30 11 4 9 26 10-14 11 26 10 5 11 21 15 -·19 16 11 6 ... 10 11 20-24 S 15 ...... 8 15 25 + 73 90 73 90 -~-~~~-~ ... --- n TABLE-2.S Number of Persons by Age, Sex and Study in Fducational Institution by Migration Siahls as Determined by Place of Birth-1973 Survey. Age Total Number Studing Number not Studying Remarks Migration Sta'tus ------and Place of Birth Males Females Males Females Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ------ A Total 139 173 27 9 112 164 Non-Migrant. 5 - 9, 20 30 11 4 9 26 10-1.4. 19 26 8 5 11 21 15-19 15 5 5 10 5 30-24 8 7 8 7 25+ 68 25 68 25 B Migrant I Born 5-9 Outside the Village 10-14 in the same Tabasil 15-19 5 5 Rural 20 ..... 24 8 8 25+ 5 59 5 59. II Born Within the 5-9 same Distflct 10-14 in other Tahsil 15-19 20-24 25+ 1 5 5 III Born in other 5-9 Dlstric( of the 10-14 State Rural 15-19 20 - 24 ... 25+ IV Born outside 5-9 the State 10-14 1 1 (I) Bihar 15 -19 20-24 25+ 1 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 (2) West' Bengal 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25+ i V Others including 5-9 Unspecified 10-14 15-19 20-24 25+ -. ... *Migaration Status at I, IT, III are Nil in Ueban areas only. Main workers : worker with slight vanatlOll ill definition fro111 Census to Census, it would be instructive to study The economically active group of population the composition of the working population of engaged for earning is generally reckoned as this village. The working population of this village workers. No other aspect reveals the economic under all categories taken together is 504 persons condition of a geographical region excepting its which costitutes 43.79 per cent of the total of occupational composition of its population. For 1 1 5 1 population according to 198 1 Census. The this purpose it is n~cessary to analyse the pattern Table 2.9 indicates the work participation rate of of participation in productiv~ work directly or the village Rang~lllatia, Mayurbhanj district as indirectly by the grollp of economically active well as of the State. popuhtio'l. Hwing underst:>:>d the concept of a TABLE-2.9 Work Participation rate (Main workers) 1981 Population Workers Magrinal Workers District! ------_ _.: ______..J;", __ Village P M F P M F P M .F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8- 9 10 Orissa (33.10) (55.10) (11.07) (5.80) (1.5 8) (10.01) State 23,259,984 11,636,404 11,623,580 (Rural) 7,698,979 6,411,956 1,287,q23 1.347,9~6 148,031 1,163,965 Mayurbhanj (38.75) (56.03) (21.43) (9:98) (2.21) (17.76) District 1.491,335 746,421 744,914 (Rural) 51'1,922 418,250 159,672 148,813 16,489 132,324 Rangamatia (43.79) (5~. 73) (28.40) (T 5 .46) (J .54) (29.81) 1,151 584 567 504 343 261 178 9 169 29 Jn Rangamatia the percentage of total workers in participation of any ecol1omic work in case of -exceeds the State rural working force and the the p..::ople of R'lngamatia has b.:en noticed. similar trend is also noticed in case of male and female workers as p..::r 1981 Ccnsus. In case of Work participation: females prvportion of the workers recorded for the village is more tha'l the double of the State The Table 2.1 () e'lhibits th~ distribution of fcmale workers. In comparison with the district working population of the v;lIage Rangamatia working population, its rate exceeds in all cases. with a comparative picture for Mayurbhanj district During 1971, out of a tota1964 population of and the State during 1981 Census. Out of 504 this village 223 persons ( 23,13 per cent) were working ]1:Jpulation 205 person with (40.68 per returned as workers. In 1981 Census 504 persons <=cnt ) arc returned as Cultivators and 225 persons ( 43.79 per cent) are retul'lled as workers and constituting 44.64 per cent a~ a~ricu1tural labour 178 persons (15.46 per cent) a'S Marginal .:rs. This constitute th:} predominant occupation of workers. During a decade a developing trend t he people of this village. TABLE-2.10 Industrial Cotcgory of Workers 1981 Total Workers Cultivators Agricultural Household Industry, Labourers Manufacturing Others Workers Stale/Di;,trict,' Processing. Servicing (Ill. IV, V(b) Village and Repairs V (a) and VI to IX) 1 2 3 4 5 IS - __ ------Orissa State 7,698,979 3,986,978 2,320.189 251.118 1,140,694 (Rural) (51.78) (30.14) (3.26) (14.82) Mayurbhanj District 577,9),2 281,815 100,O! 5 31,123 64,969 (Rural) (43.76) 134.61) lS.29) (11.24) Rangamatia 534 205 225 24 SO (40.68) (4v. 64) (4.76) (9.92) A study of the percentage figurcs of workers n persons (4.93 per cent) and in other services employed in various industiral categories to total 24 persons (10.76 per cellt). So far as compari workers reveals that household industry absorbs son of figures of 1 98 1 with that of 1971 is only 24 out of 504 workers i.e. about 5 persons concerned a negative growth rate of-0.23 per cent out of every 100 workers. Similarly, b:!sides the and -0.84 per cent exhibits for workers in House above three categories, other workers constitute hold Industvy and other services respectivly, though only 50 out of 51.)4 workers which shows a 1 3 persons and 26 persons are further added to percentage of 9.92 per cent to total workers of tIL! r~levant absolute figures of 1971. And also in the village. Hence the work participation in this the field of agricultural sector only J .02 per cent village becomes predominant in th~ agricultural growth rate is noticed. During 1971 this village sector only. However during 1971 Census amongst 11'ld got no workers engaged in "livestock rearing, 223 workers the majority of 96 stood as culti forestry; etc; mining and quarrying; manufacturing, vators ( 43.05 per cent) and 92 as agricultural lab processing, etc other than household industry; ouers (41.26 per cent) which constituted 84.31 constrnction; Trade & Commerce, and Transport, per cent to total workers of the village. Workers storage and comm'.luication" excepting in agricultu engaged in Household Industry was recorded only ral s:!ctor, h0:tsehold industry and other services_ 30 TABLE- Trends in work Participation rate.. 1961 1971 Workers District/ ------~ Village P M F P M F 1 2 ,3 4 ~ 6 7 52.25 60.13 44.43 33.52 55.09 11. 76 Mayurbhanj Distt. 614,258 354,225 260,033 467,358 385,742 81,616 Rangamatia 53.15 54.48 51. 78 23.13 45.00 1.45 455 237 218 223 216 7 lai Billa 56.29 59.52 25.53 30.87 55.26 6.56 264 150 114 188 168 2(} lagannathpur (j§.21 66.67 69.64 36.38 59.36 13.45 545 256 289 362 295 67 Sibjambani 59.33 63.72 54.75 40.93 56.86 21.51 264 144 120 228 174 54 Shyamakhuta "53.38 62.34 "43.46 25.40 44.67 3.95 .j ~ • 158 96 62 95 88 7 2.11 1961,1971, and 1981 (Rural) 1981 1981 Marginal Workers P M F p M F 8 9 10 11 12 13 38.75 56.03 21.43 9.98 2.21 17.76 577,922 418,250 159,672 148,813 16,489 132,324 43.79 58.73 28.40 15.46 1.54 29.81 504 343 161 178 9 169 32.76 60.69 5.06 30.24 60.76 208 192 16 192 192 36.92 55.38 19.87 18.93 0.72 35.76 429 309 120 220 4 216 28.46 54.86 1.79 3.72 175 175 11 11 25.90 44.12 2.85 4.73 2.52 7.28 115 105 20 21 6 15 32 So far as comparison of work participation rate the information on marginal workers has been of this village, with four villages under comparison focused in 1981 Census. and the district presented in the Table 2.11 for three successive decades, 1S concerned it would be A person who bas 110t worked for the major worth noting abollt variation of rates for Ranga~ part of the year, but has worked any time at all in math and thrc~ vitlJgcs exceptiltg Sibjambanl the year preceding the enumeration in treated as Village that the percentage of work participation marginal workers. In 1981 Census 178 persons were at a higher level dbring the 1961 Census and (15.46 per cent) are returned as Marginal workers. it had come down about half of the previous rates for Rangamatia village. durin.g the 1971 Censtls and ~gain the salne has in· creased in the curving manner during 1981. But It is apparent from the Table 2.11 that the in case of Sibjambani Village the rate of work par percentage of female Marginal workers are higher ticipation has bcen reducing from Censlis to Cer1sus, than the percentage of Male marginal workers. It whereas the rate in rural areas of the district has is also interesting to note that female marginal been diminished in 1971 and again iner~ased in workers for Rangamatia village alongwith other four 198 i. A dominant claim in percentage of workel'S villages under comparison are higher than the for Rangamatia is noticed over the rates of the f~male Main Workers of the respective villages. district for 1961 and 198 1 but the ss.lne had de But in case of Mayurbhanj district th~ percentage clined to 23.13 per cent against 33.52 per cent of of female Marginal workers (17.76 per cent) is the district during 1971 Censlls. The percentages lower than the percentage of female Main Workers of workers in village Sibjambani (40.93 per cent) (21.43) per cent). Regarding Main Marginal during 19"71 Census and in Jagannathpur (68.21 workers there ar,e very meagre percentage of male per cent) during 1961 Census have aclaimed a pre Marginal Workers- for Shya111akhunta (2.52 per dominant appearance over the percentages of cent) followed by Rangamatia (1. 54 per cent) and Rangamatia, district and other three villages under 'Jagannathpur (0.72 per cent) and there is none for comparison. other two villages mtmely Jai Billa and Sibjamban i, where.ls the same for the district is at 2.21 per Tn order to ascertain the actual working force cent. TABLE-2.l:: Non-workers 1961, 1971 and 1981 Total Population Non-workers Remarks ------:::_------1961 1971 1981 1961 1971 1981 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 MayurbhanJ District 1,175,623 1,394,249 1.491,335 561,365 926.891 764.600 (Rural; 47.75% 66.48% 51.27% Rangamatia 856 964 1,151 401 741 469 46.85% 76.87% 40.75% Jai Billa 469 609 635 205 421 235 43.71 % 69.13% 37.01 % Jagannathpur 799 995 i ,162 254 663 513 31.79% 63.62% 44.15% Sibjambani 445 557 615 181 329 429 40.67% 59.07% 69.76% Shyamakhunta 296 374 444 138 279 308 46.62% 74.60%. 69.37% 33 The Table 2.] 2 gives a comparative picture of followed by Sh)amakhunta (74.60 per cellt). Jai non-workers for Ra!1garoatid and four villages along Billa (69.13 per cent), JagannathpuT (63.62 per with the district for three Censuses. Rangamatia cent and Sabjambani (59.07 per cent) whereas the has got the percentage of non-workers (40.75 per district percentage remained at 66.48 per cent. It cent) below the district rural percentage (51.27 per is interesting to note that 46.85 per cent of non cent) during 1981 Census. Among other villages workers were seen for Rangamatia in 1961 Census uuder comparison Jai Bill::! has registered the lowest and its rate of growth is very much remarkable percentage (37.01 per cent) whereas highest pro during the next decade which again noticeably portion of Non-workers are there in Shibjambani gone down to a considerable extent (40.75 per village. Othet three villages have higher percen cent) during 198 1 census which is lower than that tages than Rangamatia. of 1961 figure. This indicates that the population ...... - But in 197 1 Census Rallgamatia had the in the village is getting conciol1s for doing some highest percentage (76.87 per cent) of non wo1'1;:r& kind of economic activity. TABLE- Dtsttibutioll of Non-workers by Sex, Age and type of Household Students duty Dependants Infants Disabled Age ----_------_ ------M F P M F P M F P M F P group P • M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 All ages 53 39 14 132 2 l30 112 46 66 35 J 3 22 0-14 42 29 13 26 2 24 104 45 59 35 13 22 15-19 10 9 1 17 17 20-24 1 17 17 25-29 18 18 - 30-39 18 18 40-49 12 12 50-59 12 12 2 60+ 12 12 6 1 5 35 2.13 A~tivjty at the time of Survey, 1973 Reti~d Rentire havjn~ indepen dent Inmates of means Beggars Vagrants Institution Others ------_--- p p ------M F M F P M F P M F P M F P M F 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 ------ 4 3 2 2 2 2 1 3 1 2 ---.------_----- 3.6 Table 2. 13 indicates concentration of persons Age, Sex and Marital Status in the age group 0-14 particularty in the category of Depandants (104); Students (42) lnfants (3 S) As regards tlfe -marital status .the table 2.'14- and Household duty (26). The number of persons in the age groups 15 to S9 and 60 + constitute reveals that 11 l' males and 1 16 females were more persons particularly females in the category of currently married in E,angamatia village. The age Household duty. In the age group 50-59 and 60+ group 15-69 and 70+ constitute the all married a few cases of beggars (4) have been returned cases while there has been no child marriage case during survey in 1973. in the age group 0 - 14. .p '" ~ 00 ...... "$" 00 M ~ ..... 00 N ~ ::21 M <"l N N"" N ..., ""' N""" '" '" ....'0 t- o-. .,., M 00 0\ 0 ...., t- c...... , ~ ...... "" t- \D V V M ..... '0 M "" '" "" fO')...... \D ~ I "" ""'" '1:l., I I 5 I ;.., 0 u ::g '" ~ 0. I ~ ~ I r:I) ::J .... I c...... 0 I """ ~ .§ ...., " .... I '-t ~ c, I "" ""' -=..... 0"" .... "O~ I CIS 8·f ::21 N S ro j ....'"::I ._> 0.CI.> ....CIS om I r:I) c...... \D N ~ I ..... -; ! N ;::.. CIS 0 ..., ...... ~ ~ I ..., '" I IXl ~ I "" '1:l I ~ >< 0) ~ ~ ::g 0- ..... V) r:I) 0 I '1:l J =n~ -< ~ >. c... 00 0 N ' .. V " TABLE-2.1' Household Defaulting in Enrolling School Going Children by Caste or Tribe or Community of Head of Household-1973 Survey Caste or Number of house Number of Number of Number of Numerr of Tribe or holds with only household~ households households households Community male children of with only having both with both with both of head of School going age female male and male and male and J[ouscbold Number of hou~eholds and failing to children female chil- female female having children of Send them to of School dren of School chtldrcn children Remarks School going age School going age going age anf! of School. of School (5-14) and failing failing to send going age going ag.:: ------to send both to School and fai ling and failing Male Female Male & them to to send to send Only OnlY Female School male chil- only Both dren only female to School childr:lD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total 14 16 20 7 IS 11 6 ~Ghasi (SC) .. 4 Bhumij (ST) 1 Z 13 15 6 12 6 6 Barik Bindhani 1 I Brahmin 40 TABLE- Age at first Marriage as related to '- Average age at Present Age Marriage of Number of males married at the age of Married Persons Male Female Below 15 15 - 1 7 18-19 20-24 25-29 30 -- 34 35+ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Up to 19 15 20-24 16 16 25-29 20 17 3 5 30-34 26 20 3 35 44 22 17 2 4 5 45-59 21 17 3 4 4 60-64 65+ Total 2 8 16 10 1 41 2.16 preseBt age ~9;3' SUrvey ·Number of Females married at the age Below 15 15.-17 18-19 20-24 25 -29 30-34 Remarks 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 3 4 2 3 4 2 4 6 3 1 1 1 9 17 7 5 42 TABLE-2.17 Avarage age at marriage as related to Caste or Tribe or communiy and time of Marriage collectcll at the time of Survey-1973 Caste or Tribe Average age at Or Community marriage of Average age at married males marriage of married No. of married who married females who married. persons --~------WithiD 15-19 30+ Within 15 J 5-29 30+ Male Female IS yrs. yrs, yrs. years years years. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 -_--- All Caste or Tribe or Community 37 38 Bbumij 28 29 23 22 _:>,~ 17 16 I ~ Ghasi 3 3 22 22 19 16 Bindhani 3 3 21 20 18 15 - Barik 2 18 14 Brahmin 2 20 20 L4 Average age at marriage of males is 23 where Bhumij youths particularly, are keen to bring as that of female is I 7 in that village. about reforms by shunning the age old tradition and old customs. The residents in Rangamatia The figure in regard to cases of divorce is very village appears to have been convinced about the insignificant. Out of 37 ever married males and need for having small sized families. They suppor 38 ever marricd females only 2 cases of divorce ted family planning mc<,sures. Adoption of various among female was reported during survey. The family planning methods is not unknown to the reasons of divorce in respect of these two cases is tribals as well as to other residents, many of due to-madness of the female spouse while another whom lire reported to be using both oral and case is due to to frictions or quarrels is the family. other contraceptive devices. Quite a good number Both these cases are from amongst the Bhumij have undergone vasectomyltubectomy operation. community of village. Diseases and treatment: Population cOl)trol mCl\sures- attitude and Practice : The residents of this village proudly acclaim The pc>pulatioll of Rangam'ltia increased by that the establishmend of a Primary Health Centre 12.62 per cent during th::: decade 1961-71 as in the very outskirts of Rangamatia is really a against the growth rate of 21.42 per" cent recorded boon for them. They no longer have to depend on during the d~cade 1951-61. The population of the Primary Health Centre at Amsikra village Mayurbhanj district registered a growth rate of about 4 Kms away fro111 Rangamatia. Medical 19.12 p~r c;:at during the decade 19 61 ~ 7 I and in facilities are now available at their door step. The the S:im:: decdde the state population showed a pharamac{sts, sanitary staff and the health visitor growth of 25.05 per cent. From the trend of meet them at regulal' intervals and distribute the growth of population for the last two decades, various kinds of antibiotics, and vitamin tablets for it appears that it has appreciably declined in case common diseases. The residents naturally breath a of Rangamatia in the decade 1961-71. This sigh of relief. Preventive medicines ag 43 village are pcnodical1,Y disillfected with Chlorine indoor patients. As agail15t these figures PCl tainiIlg and other disinfectants. to these two types of patients in the succeeding year 1977 stood at 27.773- recording an increase Complicated cases are taken to the Primary qf 60.57 per cent cases in one year interval. The Health Centre for appropiate treatment. The common diseases are amoebic-dysentery bacillar)' records of the Primary Health Centre reveal that dysentery malaria, influenza. digestive troubles while a total number of 17,574 cases of diseases dnd scabies etc. Following is a Jist of a few types were handled in 1975, the figme was slightly less of common diseases with number of cases attended in number i:c. 17,297 in the year 1976. These to in the Primary Health Centr.e in 1975. 1976 figures are 3nclusive of both the 011t door and and 1977. TABLE 2 18 Statement of diseases treated in Primary Health Centre, Rangamatia (1975-1977) Year No. of cases Name of diseases No. of cases attended attenaed ------~------2 3 4 1975 17,574 i) Amoebic Dysentery 2,107 (Oj~ (Botb out-door and ii) Bacillary dysentery 1,080 and in patients) iii) Digestive diseases ,,<196 New) !V) Scabies 3,110 v) Influema 2,061 vi) Anaemia 1,070 vii) Malaria 648 viii) Allergic 513 ix) Super fluous injuries 255 x) Worm infection 251 xi) Enteric fever 26 xii) V.D. Gonorrhoea 19 xiii) Arrhiritics 8 xiv) Hoop'ng cough 21 1976 17,297 i) Scabies S.40l (Old (Both out-door ii) Othr r digestive diseases 2,426 snd and in-patients) iii) Avitaminosis 2,213 New) iv) Malaria 9,079 v) Influenza 1,216 vi)- Amoebic dysentery 996 vii) Upper respiratory diseases 820 viii) Bacillary dysentery 608 ix} Anaemia 527 x) Allergic 518 xi) Worm infection- 51.5 xii) Inflamatory diseas~ of eye 318 44 2 3 4 xiii} Respiratory diseases 239 xiv) Acute Bronchitis J85 xv) Broncbitis I 90 xvi) Hooping cough 26 xvii) Filariasis 15 '1'97' 27,773 i) Scabies 3,785 (old (Both out-door ii) Malaria 3,530 and and in-patients) iii) Other digestive diseases 3,525 ~:re\\') iv) Avitaminosis 2,646 v) Influenza 1,295 vi) Amoebic dysenfdry , 1,845 vii) Bacillary dysentery 903 viii) Respiratory infection 820 ix) Worm infection 698 x) Anaemia 646 xi) Tnflamatory diseases of eye 388 xii Allergic 533 xiii) Other respiratory infection 249 xiv) Filariasis 16 Source: P.H.C. Rangamatia at Sapanchua It appears, cases of oornmon fever, worm in The physicians of the Primary Health Centre fections, Scabies are on the increase since 1975. reported that the innocent villagers believe in super They are ill virulent form particularly among the stitions. Disease as they say, is an act of God and cnildren. Other stomach diseases and dysentery of could be cured only by appeasing the deity. But both amoebic and bacillary types, are attributed due nowadays they are gradually seeking medical as~ to the intake of un-hygenic food and dirty water sistance from the Primary Health Centre. That of ponds and canal in the village. The cases of apart the informants belonging to the Ghasi, Mahali Malaria appears to be once again increasing in and Bhumij communities stated that the the 'Dhai' number. While only 648 cases were attended and the Health Visitor of the Primary Health Centre to in ] 975 it went as high as 2,079 ill the year attended to their parturients at the time of delivery. 1976 and 3,530 in 1977. Avitlminosis i3 common The complicated cases are taken to the qualified among the infants a'1d the old the figure of which doctors of the Health Centre for appropriate treat- has gradually increased from 2,2 13 in 1976 to ment. I 2,646 cases in 1977. Over and above these disea ses the cases of gonorrhoeal infections and other As regards sanitation and hygienic habits, the veneral diseases are also reported to be rampant. residents do not appear to be callous. The very Indigenous and Local treatment: sight of clean surroundings of their houses and !, regular white washing of their walls and verandahas Prior to the establishment of the Primary Health explain their consciousness for cleanliness. The Centre at Sapanchua, the villagers of Rangamatia Bhumijas, the Bariks and the Brahmins alike take as well as: those of other adjoining villages had special care for cleanliness. The Ghasis appear to to remain contented with the local alld herbal be too much negligent in this regard. The heaps medicines. The use of popular herbol medicines of rubpish and cow--dung are common in Ghasi were introduced by one of the knowledgeable settlements. The Bhumij as and Brahmins of course persons of the village. People used to flock to him keep the rubbish and cow-dung away from their for treatment. dwelling houses. MIGRATION: well because of its nearness to all Urban Centre. The residents Of the village, most of whom are "The Indian villag~s are characterised by ab innocent tribals, ·arc not influenced, by push and sence of cettairi basic Eonveniences of life wnich are pulr factors of" migration. Tlie table 2. 1 9 reveals generally available in some of tl1e Urball centres. that 582 or 60.37 per cent of Hie residents are Neverthless, it is veFY difficult to grau? some'df putting up in this village for a period over 10 the forces as push factors and other as pull facto~. years. Alhong the remaining, a paltry number of ·If a family does not have enough of land in the 9 person are staying for a period less than ) year village if may'be pushed out of its village hamc. whereas 18'0 and J 9 3 person~ are living in Ranga But tliat is because there- is an urban forcc which matia for a period of 1-4 years and 5-9 years pulls the family into the town. Ahl10st e'Q'ery factor respectively. responsible for migration has both a pull force and a p'u~h (orce., Both these ~olfes operatc Sil}lUltane- From the table 2.20 which relates to duration 9us1y alld it would searcely be logical to draw a of residence in Rangamatia among SC/ST reveals dear-cut distinciip'} bctcweep. the tW9" .;"" th,at as many as SQ4 ST persons representing 60.65 per cent of, the tribals of this village are living in Tn Rangamatia these factors doesl1ot prevail Rangamatia for a period of 10 years and above: TABLE-219 Duration of resident:e in Vmage-Rangamatia as per 1971 Census. -,-- Entire duration Less than 1 yem: 1-4 years 5-9 y::ars 10-14 years 15-19 yeqrs 20+ ye:tr~ ----_ _-_ ------~ -- ,~----.--- 2 3 4 5 6 7 ------Total 964 9 180 193 148 90 344 Male 480 3 93 '76 60 38 210 Femdle 484 ~ 81 117 88 5~ 134 TABLE-2.20 Duration of residence in ,mage Rangamatia by S.C./S.T. as per 1971 Census. SCjS.T. Persons All dur:ltioil Lz~s than 2 year 1-" years 5-~ y;::u, i 0- 14 years I 5- I 9 yens 20+ Y~'lrS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 S.T. Total 46 1 10 11 4 4 16 Male 23 6 6 2 9 Female 23 4 5 4 2 7 S.T. Total 831 5 159 163 120 82 . L02 Male 411 1 75 66 50 35 184 Female 420 4 84 97 70 47 111 ·Dr. S. Mishra, Economic Survey of Orissa, Vol. n p 55 The residents' emigrate into deep forests seaso Th~ -well-to-do families keep 'Baramasi~" for nally~fo:t collection of the forest products. Another tending their cattle or to attend to many other important, job \'lhich attracts the residents most, odd jobs. including agricultural operations which resulting in emigration from the village in bulk is these families u'1dertake. Tlwse :Baramasias' Or agricultural labour. They usually, attend' to the Persons,engaged for all the year round get food clarion of call neighbouring areas lying in the eas- at the house of their Masters .. They are also given tern tracts of.Midnapur district of West Bengal and some clothings and food grains for their $ervices variot1s plac,es in Rcmuna, Soro, Ialeswar- and Rupsa on annual basis. Under this practice quite a goqd in the Sadar, Sub division of Baleswar district besides number of children belonging to·the Mah~1i and other a'djoining villages bf Baripada sub.:division the Bhumij communities of the village.are reporte;d Agricultural labour which which keeps them engaged to have been engaged elss:where a'S 'Baramasias· .. s~asonally is locally known as 'Nemala'. During the year the residents of Rangamatia as well as those rn the inset table 2.21 the surv~y data reveals. of other adjoining villages' emigrate for ''Nemala' that the nUJl1ber of immigrants are 'far too low or the agricultural operation twice· once at the time incomparisan to non-migrants or those born iri the of transplantation operation, and the next at the village itself. Out of these 62 non-migrant house tlm~ of harvesting. This operation keeps them , . holds of the village there is only 1 single member engaged for a period of about 4 to 6 weeks. household; 28 having 2 5 members; 30 having Usually this emigration involves movement of the 6-10 members and 3 households having more male members only while in rare cases the entire than 11 members. There are only 7 households. family moves out. are immigrated to the village from the same Tahasil. Of these 7 households 4 have the This apart, residents also emigrate to twons memb;rs 2 '5, i households are single member and neighbouring villages as contract servants or households and one household has the members "Bermasias'. These contract servants or Baramasias 6 to I 0" immigrated to the village from the same live jn their Mac;ter's house throughout the year. district but out side the Tahasil. TABLE-I.2l_ , Distribution of households by number of members and migrati0l} status and place of Birth of Head of Household Number of households having member~ ------Migration status Single 2-5 6-10 11 and above Total Remarks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A-Non-migrants 28 30 -3 62 (Born in the village) B - Migrants (Born outside (a) Rural the viliage in.:thc same Tahaci) 2 4 7 (b) Urban C-Born within ·thc same dis-trict outside the (a) Rural Tahasil (b) Urbap ------.---~,-=--"-'=-=-::;_ -"'--==------'----- CHAPTER-3 ECONOMY The village Rangamitia is situated a little forestry or supply of fuel and also from agricul more than 20 I feet above the sea level. Though tural and allied occupations. it is situated in this abrupt and hilly upland, the Economic Resources : economy of the village is mostly agriculture <;)riented. The surrounding forests extending Most of the population ill the village main westward up to Similipal hills range exert a good tain their livelihood from agriculture. Out ot" a (Jeal of influence on its economy. sample of lOO households ill the village, 14 households are cultivators. Twenty two households are pursuing agricultural labour. only four house The main occupation of the most of the resi holds were engaged in other occupations. The dents is cultivatiou and allied occupations. earlier survey of 157 households in the village Occupation of a few activities. These activities in 1961 showed 44.58 per cellt, 70 house include gathering of forest products, basket weav holds engaged in cultivation; 40.13 per cent ing and manufacturi ng or mending of agricultural 63 household in agricultural labour and 1'5.29 implements etc. While the Bindhanis manufacture -per cent 24 households in other occupations. Thus and repair agricultural itnplements, the Ghasis or it is cIeaily evident that during the decade tile the 'Beheras' as they call themselves,'take SWee villagers have shown interest in agriculture. They ping and cleaning as their jobs. Some undertake are .getting full co-operation from village level rope making and also some are reported to be agricultural worker as he gives them demonstration doing slaughtering and, selling mutton in ,the of new methods of cultivation, application of new weekly markets in and d.round Rangamatia and varieties of seeds and pesticides that yield more Baripada towrr. The Brahmins, besides eonductiJ1g .crops. The other allied occupation include black the 'poojas' and other rituals associated with vital smithy, preparation of mats nom date and palm events like births, marriage and death ceremonies leaves and grocery shop service etc. also take up works connected with cultivd.tion etc. Besides this job, the most iuflueucing Brahmin, The coml11unitywise break-up of 100 hO:lSC family that of Gram Panchayat Sarapanch, has holds with their occupation in the village is given earnings from miscellaneous jobs, mostly from in table 3.1. TABLE 3,1 Distribution of 100 Houseltold~ by Religion and Community with their Occupati,on at the Time of· Survey in ,1973 ------~~------:----::-- No. of Households engaged in the Occupation of Total No. ------_ of house- Culti- Agricultural Other Religion Community holds vation Labourer Occupation J 2 .1 4 5 6 Hindu Ghasi 7 5 :: Bhumij 78 59 17 2 Brahmin 6 3 3 Barik 2 2 Bindhani 5 4 Mahali 1 Christian Bbumij 1 1 100 74 22 4 48 Detailed description of the land and occupation : Tax -Rs. 2.75 Cess --Rs. 1.37 Lalldusc pattern: Rangamatia, with its total area of 635 acres Rs. 4.12 or 256.98 hectares has mixed type of lands. 50 per cent - Rs. 2.06 Those types are high, medium and low. Within the village limits the high land or 'Mal' Ql1ality Hence an onerous farmer cultivating in tljis c(1mprises 41.08 hectares. Next better quality or low lying area having irrigation fac(lity has to pay medium class of land is called 'Berena' or a levy 6f Rs. 7.06 per 'Mano' or 0.64 acres of 'Majhiali' type- and has got an area ,of about land. This quantum again varies depending on the 76.40 hectares. The next superiOl' variety is 'Bahar nature of crop cultivated: The tax on the aforesaid or 'Khala' type of land comprising about 50.03 rate is char ged for the kharif crops. But the ta~ hectares and mainly fOlmd in low lying patches fluctuates for the cultivation of wheat, potato, -ad~oining main 'Basti' site. Total 'Of 167.51 onion and maize. The'rate for Rabi crops is usuaiiy hectares are being cultivated by the villagers. The charged on the following rates. rest of the other areas· 89.47 hectares are used for other purposes. Total cultivable l~md and non (i) Wheat ... Rs. 8/- per acre -paddy growing land are reported to have l1een aftmnd 220.22 hcts' and 36.76 hcts. respectively ( ii) Patato ... Rs. 101 per acre The rem.aining land is gripped under. shr.ubs a;ld , (iii) Onion ... Rs .. S/ per acre barren forests in the precincts of Rangal11atia' (iv) Maize ... Rs. 37' per acre Apart from these three types of lands, the irrigation facility through the Balidiha canal is a The tax T'lte for the medium type of lana boon to the Cultivators of Rangamatia. This canal where kabi crop is undertaken, is charged in flat' irrigats 126.40 hcts. of land, producing Kharif rate of Rs. 4/- per acre. This levy is termed as crops and about 8.00 hcts. of land of Rabi .crops. CpmplI!sory basis water tax and is 'charged TABLE-3.2 Crops produttion, consumption·and ItUlrketing by reJigi(.\D ana caste or tribe or comntunity .' . . '-." 8), " Religion and Totai No. 01"- Crops No. of Yield per Consumption Marketing Rerharks ~ No. Caste or No. of households cultiva- bouse- vfl cultivating per cultiva per cultiva Tribe or bouse- having ted bolds bouseholds ting house ting house Community holds \ agricultural cultiva holas holds oi'lrorticul ting tural land 1 2 4 6 7 9 10 1 Hindu 21 18 Paddy 18 1077 Kgs 909 Kgs 168 Kgs Bhumij Wheat 4 48 Kgs 48 Kgs Potato 5 17S-Kgs 125 Kgs 50 Kgs Pulses (Harm') 7 Kgs 7 Kgs 2 Hindu Paddy 600 Kgs 550 Kgs 50 Kg.-; Barik 3 Hindu 2 2 Paddy 2 35 Kgs 35 Kgs Bindhani Hindu 3 2 Paddy .2 1010 Kgs 560 Kgs 4S0 Kgs Brahmin Potato 1 ] 50 Kgs _ 1 5 0 Kgs s Hindu 2 2 Paddy 2 44 Kgs 44 Kgs Ghasi 6 Hindu f" ••• Mahali The survey was conducted in this village households of Rangematia. The superiority of duri.ng the year 1973. It was revealed at that time Brahmins with regard to crop )'ield and marketing that out of the total number of 177 households of these, crops emerges out. The reason might be only 30 households were shown to_ draw the idea attributed to the social awareness and economic regarding production, consumption and marketing advantage of the Brahmins over rest of t]1e of the village. The religion of the members of these. communiti,es of the village. households is Hindu and they are stated to be having agricultural or horticll1tural land,.~. New types of skill and man-power What is most striking feature of all these Rungamatia gets impulse in all fields cultivators is the yield produced by the Brahmin because of its closeness with Baripada. All sorts of households. While only 3 households of Brahmin- Imowlc4ge ..and skill being quickly imported the community is engaged in- ~ultivation, the net yield residents q[e.gradually wooing themselves to ever is comparatively higher than in case of 21 Bhumit clian'ging civilisation. They are sccially much more. 50 .ware than any other ll.itives Or their counterparts The village level agricultural worker, posted who are away from 'Baripada-the district head in this village conducts field demonstration of quarters. The results of science, civilisation and different crops. He also motivates them to adopt ·culture moulds these rosidents effectively. novel methods of agriculture, to use improved implements as well as to shift to various chemica! fertilizers-instead of concentrating on age old It has come to notice and in fact the resi agricultural methods. Because of his active involve dents are well aware of ~hanges around theJU. ment and his inter.est to accelerat~ the pace of They seem to have developed tastes for sophistica development in agriculture quite often he conducts ted and advanced economic life. With regard to demonstralions of higTi yjeld variety of paddy and agriculture and cultivation they are reported to be fertilizers etc. now resorting to scientific methods as well. The use of chemical fertilizers is now becoming popular Following is a details of one such f,iemollstra in the village. tion in a crop field of a Bhumij of Rangamatta village ... conducted in Rabi season of 1978. Result of Parijat Paddy Demonstration of Rangamatia village Agricultural workers centre 1. Name of Block - Shyamakbunta 2. Name of the viII. - Rangamatia 3. Name of cultivator' - Sri Sarat Ch. Singh 4. Year and season of demonstra tion - Rabi, 1978 5. Type of sci! - Balia, MIHal. Dorasa 6. Irrigated or NOll- irrigated - Irrigated 7. Area of demon- sration - 10 Cents (2-1/2 qunths) 8. Seed quantity - 2-112 Kg. 9. Type of seed - Parijata 10. Date of transpla- ntation - 17.2:18 11. Date of Utilisation of Pesticides - 3.3.78 & 18.3.78 J 2. Date of untill sation fertiliser 17.2.78 13. Quantity of fertiliser appli ed (i) Urea-6 '" (ii) rJ05ure Phosphate-} 0 ~ (iii) Murate of Potash-3 q 14. Method of appli- cation-- Broadcasting 15. Dato of harvest - 16.5.78 16. Yield obtained - 120 ka 51 During the fie ld studies it has eOj)~e to notice use the age old 'kadac' or 'Lungda' (plough) and that the residents of other adjoining villages also other equipmcl1ts at thc time of different opera take immense interest in these -improved methods tions like 'Bihida' or Bcusanu (Segregation), Babai:r Tastes for cultivation of patato, wheat and onion (Harvesting) or 'Baba Dar (Thrashing). 'Kurkam' are also developing. The high yield variety seeds or kodal (phowra) kori (Spade, Dao (sickle). are now prcferr.:!d by them. Some have developed sabala (crowbar and (Hoe) arc the essential imple high skill in using these improved varieties of ments in use. paddy seeds, namely, Jagannath, Indian sandow, T. 90 and 1242. Other improved varieties like Rccently the village Level Agricultural worket Annapurna, 1,145 and pulna are also cultivated has introduced tl1c use of iron plough, axe and by some. The local or 'Desi' varieties. popularly pick-axe etc. The} arc also seen tahing interest in known as Desara' Oanth1, Tikri, Narda and sri sprayer for spraying insecticides etc. Ram and Kasiphal arc most common in R~nga matia. The Bhumij community who are in majority irt Rangamatia appear to be well off than other Tools and Implements: communities. Bhumij's being affluent also are in possession of variolls equipments of their own. 1t has also been lloticed during survey and subsequent The residents of Rangamatia are usuaHy opera field studies that they have developed a taste fot' ting with their traditional implements. In this improved equipmcnts. The Brahmins also are region where the undulating surface covers major shifting towards new equipments introd\lCed by portion, the use of sophisticated equipments as village level Agricultural worker. used in other plain regions, is quite uncommon. Yet, the developed skills and techniques arc The il)set table 3.3 indicating a few il'nportant gradually pouring in. The village level Agricultural tools and equipmcnts for Agricultural and Horti workers (VLAW) gradual1y teaches thcm tbe cultural operation for all religious groups of utility of the new agricultural implements. Rangamatia shows that all the 65 households have been mainly using plough, spade, sickle etc. Other The traditional implements of agricultural tools like Harrow, Forkhoe and pick-axe are used operation are quite common. The residents, mostly by some. 5~ TABLE Important Tools and Equipments for Agriculture, Horticulture as Number or hOusehold Religion/Caste. No. of _------Tribe/Community House Tool I Tool 2 Tool 3 Tool 4 Tool 5 holds l'\ollgh Spade Sickle Harrow Plier (Sl1ndasi) 2 3 '* $ 6 7 All Religions 65 41 - Hindu-Brahmin 5 3 3 4 2 ---- 53 3.3 Related to Religion, C!l'>tl"Tribe 'Community of head of housebold. Usihg Tool 6 Tool 7 Tool 8 Tool 9 Tool 10 Tool II R.:marks Hoc. Sabala Forkhoe Bhara Yoke Pick-:l\c (Crowbar) ------8 9 10 II 12 13 14 - ~ -- 10 22 37 19 31 9 19 3 J 19 32 2 2 3 ------.--~-_..._____.___- 54 The priest and the Bilrik household~ are repo that the area of Rangamatia village is 635 acres rted to be using plough for cultivation and other which includes 23 acres of land under forest. A tools. The Ghasis who manufacture rope comm vast land of 531 acres is unirrigated. This statement only use (i) Chhuri or Knife: (ii) Dhera; (iii) (1971 Census), however, -does not present Charki and (iv) Glll1i Danga. While preparing any fjgure about the land under irrigation. In fact rope 'Dhera' is used to pull the manufactured Balidiha Canal,which flows through this village after- rope after which it is processed in 'C1iarki' for 1971 Census irrigates about ] 44.40 hectares. of suitably t'\\ining the cord, The MahaH, for their land of Rangamatin village as well as a number of basket weaving use 'Gboda' or a Stand; 'Budia' other villages. or a small axe 10 split the bamboo and with 'Katu' or knife they maKe size and shape of the From the academic point of view a compa splitted b.tlllboo pieces as per their requirements. rison of land use data of a few villages adjoining Rangamatin and a few lying at different distances Land utilisation pattern : from Baripada town has been done in the table 3.4. This reveals an interesting picture on land use It will be evident flam the following statement data. LABLE-3.4 Comparative study 01' land use data (1971 Census) - SI. Village Populn- Area Land use (i,e, srea under different types of l~nd use in No. tion in acres rounded to the nearest unit Remarks acres ------(distance Forest Irrigated Un- Cultivable Area not from irrigated waste available Baripada for cuI- towu in tivatioa Kms.) ------_- ---.-----~.- - 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 - -. __ ------~------1- ~, Rallgamatia 964 635 23 531 14 67 11 Kms. 2. Salb:mi 508 284 14 ~43 8 19 11 Kms. 3. Badesul 542 1003 2 955 23 23 9 Kms. 4. Jaibilla 609 5.86 26 492 11 57 8 KIllI: 5. Sbyamakhunw. 374 31 1 5 5 226 24 51 11 Kms. 6, ':. -;- Rangumatia 767 146 55 18 73 3 Kms. 1~ Jagannathpur 995 930 145 696 45 44 9 Kms. *The village under present stu~ (in Shyamakhunta C.D. Block.) '* +Lying in another C.D. Block (in Sankhabhanga C.D. Block) The land use data presented in table 3.4 gives and quite a good number of adjoining villages. a glimpse of different types of land in the vicinity stand out as unirrigated. of Rangamatia and other villages. It is a fact that forests, the soil pattern and irrigation facility etc. Distribution of bouseholds by nature of right over land. put a greater impact on the economy. In other words these factors mould the economy of a place: The inset table 3.5 based on the survey statis In this statement the statistics reveal the availability tics reveals that out ofthe total 17 I households of of different types of land usc around Rangamatia. entire village Rangarnatia only 25 are possessing Despite irrigation system, vast -land of Rangamatia land. 55 TABLE-3.5 Distribution of Households by nature of right over faa Ho{!~bolds havIng ;. , Lana leased in .. 1 ______land Land owned occupied Otherwise ~------j ReI i,ion/Casu/Tri!x: NOr or A}J9!lge No. of Acrcagd No. of Acreage No. of Acrcaie H. Hs of land H. Hs of land H: Hs ~f iand H.Hs of land ---~-- ._._'-~------,,------._-_- . :2 3 4 5' 6 7 8 9 --_~.- .. - -_-_._- ! .- ---.-. ._----- ._---_._,....,._.__- . Hindu Barik N lO.OO J 0.00 Bhumij 18 ·85.14 18 80.98 2.00 2 2.16 lljudhani 2 0.35 2 0.35 Brahmin 2 15.33 2 15.33 Gbasi 2 1.22 2 1.22 .. This table with community-wise oreak up Rangamatia, it is also r~ealed from this data that s~tes that so' far the acreage is concerned, the a total of 26.90 acres of land are owned by other lniumij co~munity has a large share of the hind communities also.' While the 2 Brahmin households 'with 85.14 acres. of these while 80.98 acreS are exclusjvely enjoying 15.33 acres of land the rest own lands, the 'acreage o(1and held on lease comes 3 communities, namely 1 Barik, 2 Bindhani and 10 only 2.00. Balance 2.16 a~res are occupied 3 Ghasi households together are in possession of from other sources: Baring '1Jhttmij _community"'of only 1 .57 acres. f ". .- i TABLE-3.. 6 Distribution of households by 'Religlon/Clilstil/Tribe poss~ssion and size group of cultivatjon holdings Size group of T6thl Nb. of Distribution of households by Remarks land holdincs hO}lseholds Religions/Caste/Tribe/ Communities 1 .' 2 3 4 Less than J acre 6 Hindu S.C. Ghasi _= 1 S.T. Bhumij = 3 Bindhani =2 2. 1-4.9 acres Hindu S.C, Gbasi = 1 S.T. Bbumij =6 Brahmin = J 3. 2-54.9 acres 3 HindO"S.T. Bhumij = 3 ... 5-9.9 acres 7 Hindu S.T. BhurrHj = 6 Hindu Barik = 1 5. 10-14.9 acre, Hindu Brahmin = 1 6. 16-2•. 9 acres 7. 25+ acres ---2j S6 The table 3.6 reveals that the Bhumij' the The households mostly come lmder holdings of dominating community of this village, are baving size range 1-2 heets, and 2-3 hects . mlximulll land at their di&posil. Dnde'r 1 acre'to 2'4 • l 1•••• ,j 'n acres of land there are 6 households of the Bhumij Detailed description of the occupations : followed by 3 households under 2.5 acres to 4.9 Agricu1tllr~ : acres of fahd. Again undcl' 5 to 9.9 acres of land comes '(nlmiSThords of-thiS comrininily cfthe village. Agficulture j!) the mainstay of the villagers and it Anoilier picturesque position stancs out in case of the is not Ttl led .out in case of residents of Raugamatia only Brahmin household which possess land betwee11 either. Ag~iclilture usually bears all the features. 10 to ~4.9 acre~, Further, it WOl.!ld be seen that of backwardness and the fortunes of the poor and the solitary Barik household of the village is also middle class peasants are usually dependant on the in possession of land under 5 to 9.9 acres group vagaries of season and the hide and seek of rainfall. which is attained also by 6 Bhumij houbcholds. In Rangamatia, besides the stream there is another Both the Bindhalli households do possess less than water source that ;s Bnlidiha irrigation canal which one acre of land each. Out of the two Ghasi fami irrigates the crop fields in tIle vicinity. On the lies one have cultivated land amounting to 1 to otber side of the stream only 'Asu' paddy.. and 2.4 acres aud the other have land less tha.11 an acre. 'Bobai' grass are possible due to high alfitllde and The only Mahali hOllse1\01d do not have any dry patel1 of Hind. cultivating land Besides paddy, wheat, maize, kada, gundulu Size of holdings and tcnancy : bajra a11d gil}gelly are also grown. Vegetables such 39 brinjals, tomatoes, lady'S fing~r, cucumbers, So far the size for holdings of Rangumatia onions, chillies etc. are grown in sma]} quantities. village is concerned the same has been shown with by some cultivators specially in the backyar~ regarp to number of ho:iiseholds falling under size durring the rainy season and in winter. A few castl gcoJlP of hofdings. TIle Reyenue Inspeqtor for the crops have been recently iutroduc'rd. ~ 'They are kevenue Circle of Rangamatia m1lintaius all such grad:ually apopting high breed quality seeds~ records relating to the size of hofdings and class of manures, fertilisers and pesticides in order to get laud etc. Statistics in 3.7 table is also collected better yield from their field. from Revenue Inspector which reveals that 11 ~49 per cent of households h~ve got holdings less than I 1';1atU'!;e of soil : 0.5 hcts. While 34.48 per cellt or 60 households ar\! possessing holding up to 1-2 lwts. about 22.99 The soil which covers the gl'ea1er part of the per cent or 40 households are in possession of district is apparently derived from the underlying holdings over 4 llcts. The table 3.7 gives glimpse igneous metamorphic rocks and the difference in it of 1"11'l'" size of holdings. is mainly due to classification and transformation effected by the surface drainage. The finer parti cles have been carried into the low lying areas along TABLE-3,7 the drainage lines rendering the soil a clayey or silty texture and leaving the uplands light and Size of holdings sandy. The most usual classification of the soil in Mayurbhanj district is based 011 its position or Size of Range No, of households Percentage level. The area is mainly undulating except along the few rivers where it comprises ridges, slopes and Below I heets, 20 11.49 depressions. I to 2 heets, 64 51,48 The cultivators in the village recognise a few 2 to 3 heets. 37 21.27 types of soil such as (1) Balitnati .(2 Dorasa mati 3 to 4 heets, 17 9.77 (3' Matial or Chikita mati (4) T!lak mati and (5) Lal m>lti. B'ali mati contai11s more th1tn 2 :hd of 4+he,cts, 40 22.99 sand and iLver.{poor in fertilit).· ChikitaInati is _- _.. . .. ~"'- _...... '" \ ~ •• • 7 ~_,. ------_ .------. ------_.-- - _ ...... _ • • ~~.~.._ ' ••p~- ·L-~·~-;.~..rt:. ..~ • ....,.._...... -~;;;;-:_.. .. .: '_- ---IIoAo.-...z-~~~~~~,,:· __• "'.o_ -.... _ ... _... - " • _.. I ••• ':' ",..".' '"fI _ h ," • _""-,;".-'l;i",,-, .' • ~. 1~.!,·,~JJ,1 ·"~,,i.j[·It;(lii,.:r,r'll - :'. -.....-;;.. ~...,_~ .. I ~.:;, • • .' ·rliJ.'l~/i' fA 2#' .-: '. '",r ",--f1i/1:. r'-1iO~ :I • - : w"r! ,,'r,_ ~. ~, .'1~ _::'~""''7"' .-,._.... 'r.' ••------...... ,____ ..I------... ..w. .":.' _- ,...... ,:.~ ;~' ff_ 1J,'61ti . . . ~ ..~l3.J-: ______• _ ~ •. ~ _.~_ _ ,.... _ . ""'.... ~ ~ _ _ '~_r __~. _ • __.... ,...._ __ .~ __ ... " •• ~ ,_ " . - ...... _. f' -~ ...-...r .. - 57 sticky cia.) and gets water 19~9cd qs water is toorly are performed before SOV.jllg of seeds. This puja pc ~rained. Dorasa is a kind of mixed soil of sand wor~l1i:pping is done by a11 the cultivators. U1:>llall.y and clay. It is rc::tel,1tive of moisture and easy to the I elderly' male docs all the rituals out side tbe work. Tilakmati is grey in colour and has a vetv home after takin~ a bath. Handful of paddy is sticky texture. It shrinks and cracks when dried. brought out from 'Tukunu' or the container thrice Lalmati is sflndy, red in colour and has the least and is kept in a 'GounL (measuring basket). T11is fertility. In Rangamatia, Doras,amati, Afatia( ~'H. is put over the 'Bedi' or raised platform. Water Chikitamati and latmat; types of soil, an. mainly mixed with 'Tulsi' is sprinkled and vermilion is found along the low lands, aQjoining the main also pasted over. A spotted male fowl, preferably 'basti', the irrigation' canal and near the stream. a chicken is sacrificed after it is worshipped. The Lahnati is found extensively on the upland across chopped head is left over there. ihe stream. Crooping pattern: Then with a 'Kurlam' or a Kodala (Powrah) the male members of tJJL~ JlOlJSeJlOJds proceed to Paddy is the principal ctop of the disttict and '[shan Kono' or to the north eastern portion of accounts for 78 per cent of the cultivated are~. the respective field. At this portion of the field Since the entire Mayurbhanj district is engulfed by three handful of seeds are sprinkled thrice and the chains of hills and uplands, the irrigation facilities remaining portions are brought to their home. After axe limited. Thus the cultivation of crops other mixing it' with the rest, it is preserved for the pur than paddy is restricted because of climate. Thete pose of sowing. The entire seeds are sown after main varieties of paddy are grown in the disttict celebration of 'Bonga ada'. A spotted ft:male chick (i) Aus or Asu, (ii) Aman winter) and (iii) Dalu 'Kiju_ia;mlcl' is t)."lC name given to the damage caused Nawajam or NUll Khia : JO the crops by pests and insects whereas retarded or undergrowth, pf the crop is ascribed as <.Rog~lel'. The consumption of the (harvested) new crops The use ,of pesticides and insecticides is now on is usually taken only after performance of some vogue. rituals. Taking of new crop as their food for 1st time is pOI?ulariy known as 'Nawajam'. Any house Harvesting: hold, desirous of taking its new crop, l11is to ccremoneously consume it. Tt undergOes certain rituals. Both the household deity 'Buru Bonga' Harvesting or 'Blbair' generally follows a series and the village deity 'Gram Thakurani' and 'Gorb of rituals. A 'Deuri' or priest of Shabar community Mahadeb' are propitiated on this occassion. usually cuts the first stalk after which he offers it to the 'Gram Thakurani' or village deity. He smears Another important feature of this ceremony vermilion and offers sweets and condiments. After is to replace almost all material-equipments, which this ritual, harvesting work commences in respective are in use by the household. 'Telei' cooking pots, plots of land. The yeild is allowed two to three 'Chatu' or the sticks used for cooking and other days time to be dried up in the field itself. The baskets, 'Changira' or the cover for cooking pots crops are usually sown in Baisakha-Jaistha (Maj~ made of bamboo sticks are also replaced with the June) and are harvested in the month of Sraban~ new ones. TIle members of household and others Bhandra (August-September). All the crops includ who also intend to observe the 'Nawaja~n' the ing P'lddy, and other millets etc. like Bajara, Kada, same day, assemble at a distance where the 'Dinki' Gundu lu and Maize are also sown and harvested in or the Dehusking pedals is installed. After this same operational season. The vegetables like spot is cleaned and washed, the grains of new BrinjaJ, lady's finger, tomatoes and onion etc. are crops are brought for milling operations. The sown at a later stage in July-August alld are harves participants after their bath usuaHy put 011 new ted in Septemb(!r~Octnber. Nowadays the cultiva clothes if they can afford to. The old apparel can tion of wheat is also getting popular among the also be used after washing. The person who takes villagers of Rangamatia and other villages around. up the operation of 'Dinki' must have a bath. 'Taben' or chura (Parched rice) as is commonly Storing of grains involve usudlly some specidl known, is prepared after which the portion of arrangements. In the compound of the houses they parched rkc is cooked. The elderly household erect heaps or 'Kalam' ('Khala') for storing grains. members who observe 'Upasa' or fasting must offer The heaps of grains are 'made before cleaning is their reverence to the 'Buru Bonga' and 'Gralll undertaken. The place where the grains are meant Thakurani' or the 'Goro Mahadeb'. This being to be stored is properly cleaned and washed with over, they all take the cooked and parched rice cowdung' The place is considered to be sarrctified and 'Jandra' (maize). 'Sasa Sakam' or leaf plates folloWing certain rituals only after slaughtering a .prepared out of cashewnut leaves are gep.erally white fowl. llsed for sendng this food item on Primar~' and Secondary O('cuplltion" V (b) Manufacturing 'Pr0cc!>Sing' 'Servicing and Repairs other than Household lnd\1Stry. Th.:: working popubtion is generally cnt~gon sed into industrial categories, namely cultivation \ I Construction (Cat. \)' Agricultural labourer (Cat. n), Mining, 'Tt'THary Sed.of quarrying etc, (Cat. HI) and all those industrial categories of \vorkers, nine in number. Those arc VII Trade and Commerce further broadly grouped into 3 Sectors, namely Primary. Secondary ~tnd tertiary. viii rr:l11~port, Storage and communication~ Each s..:ctor comprises a number of indu;,trial ix Oth..:r Scr\'icl!~ categories as mentioned below. j n the pn!bcnt stud) \\c arc concerned with Primary Sector only the !irst two ~ectors whi..:11 reflect primary and sc~ondary sector. As st II Agricultural labourer allicd agricultural occupaliom. Majority of them get thcmselvc!> engaged in these occupations while iii Livestock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and a few pursue other jobs. In the prin,ary occupation Plnnta tions. Orchards and flllied activitie", 84.31 per cent of the residents of Rangamatia are found. The next sector i.e. the Secondary Sector iv Mining !lnd Quarrying attracts only attracts only 4.93 per cent while last group of Tertiary Sector claims 10.76 per cent. Secondary Sector A comparati\c picture of involvement of the per sons in various sectors in respect of Rangamatia v (a) Manufacluring, Processing Servicing and and of adjoining \ illages b presented in Repairs etc. household industry Table 3.8, TABLE-3.8 Workers in Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors in 1961 and 1971 Censuses 1971 19fi I ... _------"..... Total Primary Secondary Tertiar~ Total Primary Secon.talY Tertiary Worker Sector Seclor Sector \\ orher~ Sector :-'CClOr Sector l'.::Ime of villaee Indnstrial Category JDdll~tflal Category I, II, Vea), V(b), VII, l,lI, lIT III (:vtinin,; VII, VIII IX IH, TV VI VIlt. (e'\clud Quarrying (excludmg Ga~ IX ing Min only) & elcctncity ing & IV, I. ,VI IX ~l1ppJy on ) Quarrying (Gas and only) electriCity • supply only) 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 ~:Rimgamatia 223 188 11 24 455 416 39 (100.00) (84.31) (4.'13) (10.76) (.1.10.00) (~1.~3) (8.57) (10 2 3 4 5 G ., 8 9 ------_---.----- Shvamakhunta 95 82 13 1'8 lq7 21 (100.00) (86.32) (13.68) (tOO.OO) (86.71) ( 13.29) " hibila 1~8 157 18 13 264 201 29 34 (100.00) (:-13.5 I) (9.57) (6.92) (100.00) (76.14) (1 0.9~) (12.88) Buda (.)Rnng(lll1ati a 400 384 12 4 272 206 24 42 (lOO.OU) (%.00) (3.00) (1.00) (100.00) (75.74) (8.82) (15.44) * Village under study in Shyumukhunta C.D. Block (.) Village is in Snnkhabildnga C.D. Block. Above t?ble reveals that in comparison to Occupational Mobility: other two industrial sectors the primary sector claims proportionately more workers. This feature ,\ change or a shift from one's own tradi is also prevalent among the adjoining villages as tional occupation is generally known as occupational well. mobility. Non·availability of market for the pro ducts or scanty earnings 011 thj!se occ.vpatio11S In case of Rangamatia the percentage of usually give rise to occupational mobility. At workers in primary sector has slightly gone down times the shift from the traditional occupation of from the figure shown at the I oj 61 Census. While the entire family is also involved. The villagers the Stlm;: in case of terti:.\ry sector shows slight with their age old occupation of agriculture and improvement (10 76). The secondary sector allied works are generally l1('\t interested to give up indicates involvement of 4.93 per cent against nil and to accept new burden. In Rangamatia the report of 1 96 I . When the figures of other adjoi I economic resources (rom around the forests, such ning villages are analysed they show an over all as the forest products, fuel and Sal leaves etc. improvement on the figures of prim~ry sector in have now oeconie misnoiners from the day the the decade. The participation rate of workers in 'Tiger Project' came into being. The limited Secondary and the Tertiary sectors reflect on signi agricultural resources are available to them for ficant change. only 4 to 5 months ill a year. Hence the present generation is nOt happy with the limited earnings thrown to them from the traditional occupation. Here it would 110t be out of place to mention Under compulsion and also because of availability that the primary sector of 1961 and 1971 Cen of new avenues of occupation there is shift from suses have slightly undergone changes. This seetor the age old traditional occupations. The Bhumij while contained only three Industrial Categories., boys after attaining educational distinctions leave viz., Cat. I, Cat.n, .eat. III (excluding Mining al1d for the urban areas, either to Baripada, Balesore Quarrying) in 1961 Census, in the 1971 Census or the nearby towns and some even go to Bhubane four Industrial Categories viz., Cat. I, Cat. II, ~~r_ thc_93pitaJ of the state. The illiterate ones Cat.I1I, Cat.IV find 'place. The secondary and have been moving out of the village in search of tertiary scStors in 1971 have, h6wever, uhdergone employment as labourers or menials t~ work on slignt cbiinge over 1 1 concept.' Wliile Mfning, n contract or on daVy wages, rA Bhumij ,.girl of this Quarrying was treated· under secondiiy-sector in villag~ 'has passed intermediate and discontinued I 961 it has now been inch.1ded under Primary her studies in the B.A.. level. Another girl also a Sector itl 1 971 Census, Bhumij, eJter m!ttricuiation was functioning as secretary of local Mahila Samity and was organi labourer, blacksmith, bamboo basket making and sing mid-day meals etc, of the children and the daily labourer. While occupation like cultivation pilti~ri~nt women in. R~iliainatia village itself. engages the majority of family head, in other Two girls have alse-talren. .up tca~ber8hjp in local occupations only a handful are covered. Primary Schools. The women of Mahali Commu nity- are- found attending to their traditional work As Rangahinfiit 'Yillage is a tribal village the -of basket making. They in the process assist their inhabitants liavc multiferous choice in occupation. male counterparts _in the job. The Barik and the diversity in occupation is described below. Bhumij women provide usual cssistance in agricul ture and allied works. 8 households headed by husband are engaged Occupation, Occupational Depth and Dh"ersity : in cultivation where as their wives are engaged in agricultural labourer. Similarly one household The survey table 3.9 depicts distribution of headed by husband is engaged in cultivation, but 100 hO:lsehalds by type and type of occupation his wife prefers to act as daily labourar and in of head of households. Out of 100 selected C--:lses of 4 households the husbands are engaged. as households 36 are nuclear households, 23 suppli daily labourer where as their wives prefer to work mented nuclear, 9 sub-nuclear, 4 are single member as agricultural labourer. In 1110St of the households households. While 14 households are lineal joint, 4eaded by father try to maintain their traditional 3 are supplimented sub-nuclear, 1 collateral joint, occupation i.e. cultivation where as their sons 3 supplimented collateral joint, 4 supplimented prefer to work either- as teacher, peon, Sarpanch. lineal joint and 3 come under other types. The truck helper, chowkidar or retail dealder, priest. members of these different types of households are It is also conspicous that some members of a engaged in different types of occupations whose household chooses to work one kind of job but heads of households have reported in column as other members prefer to work other than the job teachership, priest, barber, cultivator, agricultural of head of the household. 62 TABLE- Distribution of housebolds by type- Number of hou=bold. ~------.------~-~-~----- Nuclear Supple- Sub nu- Single Supple- Colla- Occupatiol'l of head mented clear Person mented teral -of households onclea! Sub-nuclear joint " 2 3 4 5 6 7 -----~- ----~~ ... ----- Total 36 23 9 4 3 1 Teachcrship (15) '1 Priest (19) 3 Barbe.r (56) 1 4 Cultivator (61) 22 15 3 3 5 Agricultul'al Labourer (63) 3 3 6 Blacksmith (83) t 7 Bamboo Basket Making (94) 8 Daily Labourer (99) 8 5 2 2 9 Non-Worker (Beggar) - 1 63 3.9 and type of occupation of head of housebolds. wbere type of households is ------_ - --- Suppl. Lineal Suppl. Lineal Suppl. Lineal Others Total Collateral joint Lineal Collateral Collateral joint joint joint joint 8 9 ]0 11 12 13 14 3 14 4 3 100 3 2 .... 1 3 10 4 2 63 1 9 2 1 18 1 65 Type of occupation of other occupations lih grocerer, choukidar, helper, Peon and Baramasia (servant boy) also The above tab].: 5110\\5 that Ollt of 100 sampie which keep a handful of the villag.::r secgagetl. !households majority of (>3 hOllseholds are cultlvn Occupations like c)c1e repairing, preparation of Iting hOllseho~ds with lu:ad as cultivator. Another parched rice, choukidar an~1 retail dealer arc also 9 households are engaged as agricl1Jtural labourers found there. It is ruther revealed that the highest while 2 households are reported to he priests. The number 22 nuclear families are recorded only in heads of 18 households are engaged as daily labouer the hOllse]101ds whosc head·s occupation is cultiva while 2 Kamar hOlls.eholds are engaged in black tioll. smithy work and 1 Mahali is engaged in Bomboo basket making. Of the remaining head of honse holds one is a Barbtr and the' rest three are Sex-wise dhision of labour : teachers. / Labam· force comprises all persons in the Since Rangamatia throws limited scope for working age of 15-59 years. Th-:: table 3.10 industrial or commercia] occupations, the majority gives a glimpse of \\orkers and nOll-workers with of the r.::sidents nrc engaged either as cultivators their sex break up in three broed age grouT's i.t'. or agricultural labourers. There are stray cases 0-14, 15-59 and 60...!-. TABLE- Dis,(lfif:l'o¢iQD of \Varkers and NOlli-Workers by Sex, ' Caste/Tribe/ Community 'Workers Non-worke.", Total Male Female Total Male Female 2 3 4 5 6 7 -_------~~ Total 101 146 55 338 10J 137 Ghasi (S.C) 13 10 3 30 J2 J 8 BhumiJ (S.T) 166 120 46 264 73 J 9 J Mahali (S,T) 3 2 i 2 2 B:1rik :! 2 8 3 5 Bindhani 8 5 3 21 9 12 Brahmin 9 7 13 4 9 3.10 t~ste or Ttibe M COlUlUunity ud Broad Age Gl'Onp. 0-14 ------..------Worl!:j=fs Non-workeJl'r. ------.------...... _------Total Mo.k Female Total Male Female ------~-~--- 8 9 to 11 12 13 ---- 6 4 2 209 89 120 (2.99) (~.74) (J.64) (61.84) (88.12) (50.63) 2 2 19 10 9 (15.39) (20.00) (63.33) (83.34) (50.00) 4 2 2 l62 64 98 (2.41) (1.67) (-US) (61.37) (87.67) (51.31) 1 (50.00) (50.00) ,.. 5 2 3 (6:2.50) (66.67) (60.00) ]5 9 6 (71.4:;) (100.00) (50.00) 7 4 3 (59.85) (100.00) (33.33) C;me/Idbe/ 15 - 59 Community ------_.. _------Workers Non-\\ orb.ers ...... ------_.,..,.-- ---~------_------Total Male Female Total Mille Female .-~~------, 14 J 5 16 J 7 18 19 Total 187 136 51 108 10 98 (9.'.03) (93.15) (92.73) (31.95) (9.90) (41.35) Ohasi (S.C) 10 7 3 6 5 (76.92) (70.00) (100.00) (20.00) (S.33) (17.78) I3humij (S.T) 156 114 42 88 8 80 (93.n) (95.00) (91.30) ( 33.33) (10.96) (41.88) 2 1 (66.67) (50.00) llOO.OO) Barik 2 2 3 2 (100.00) (100.00) (37.50) (33.33) (4'.00) Bindhani 8 5 3 5 5 (l00.00) (100.00) {I 00.00) (23.81) (41.67) Br"hll1in 9 7 .::. () G (100.00) (tOO.OO) (l00.00) (46.15) (66.67) ------69 (Table 3.10 - Con~ld.) 60+ ------.--- -~------...... ------.-.~--_...... ,..------Workers Non-workers ~_,.._.,. __ :.. _lOoM...... , ______...... --..._---.-..----.-~- Total Male Pemflic Total Male female Remarks 20 21 ,'"' 23 24 :25 16 ------, 8 6 - 11 , 19 (3.98) (4.11 ) (3:G~) (6.21) ( 1.98) (8.02) 1 5 I 4 (7.69) (l 0.00) (16.67) (8.33) (22.22) 6 4 2 14 i 13 D.61) (3.33) {4.55 ) (5.30) (1.37) (6,8 J) 1 1 (33.33) (50.00) (50.00) (50,00) ...... 1 '" 1 (4.76) (8.33) ..,. , .. 70 Out of 100 surveyed households 01' 539 persons centre ~1ad attended the foJlo~jl)£ types of catlle of those households majority persons (295) arc diseases ~nd had provided usual treatment. enumerated under the working age group 15- 59. As many as 2 1 5 children are recorded in the Cattle Diseases:- age group of 0-14. of whicl1 6 were earmarked as worker::., Only 29 persons arc living in the age 1. Parasytic diarrhoea am! dyscnter::- group of 60 -~. in the village of which 8 are active and recorded as \yorkers, In the working 2. Nasal systomeasy& 3. F.M.D (Foot and Mouth age group J 5 59. 187 are reported as Workeri' Diseases) and 108 as non-workers. Out of these non-workers 98 are females and only 10 are- males; 4. Tail gangrene 5, Indigestion whereas among workers 136 are males and 51 are females. The percentage of male workers t'O 6. Pyrexia 7. Pharingites etc. male population under the working age group 1 5 59 in the village is 93. 1 5 per cent whereas Trade and Commerce : the percentage of female workers to female popula tion is 34.23 per cent and that of worker to the Neither the figures of 1961 nor that of 1971 population in that age group is 63.39 per cent. Census reveal any statistics about th~ engagement But dependency ratio in the village is 1 68 (non of the persons of Rangamatia in the industry like worhc1'1:. for every 100 workers). Trade and Commerce. Animal husbandry : During the survey it reveals that these three households. engaged in trade belong to Hindu The cattles like buffaioes,cow, oxen, goat, sheep religion of which 2 households belong to Bhumij and poultry birds ]ike hen and ducks are reared Scheduled Tribes and 1 household is tI1(lt of alone by the residents. While the cattles like buffaloes' Barik Community. In one Bhumij household is oxen are used for agricultural operation, the goats engaged in grocery shop and another Bhumij sheep and poultry birds etc. mainly 'serve for household is engaged in selling of Kerosine on and domestic consumption. very few in case of poultry, Barik household is engaged in selling of stationery go,!t or sheep are sold in weekly markets. It is articles in mobile basis. In all these ctlses only male ascertain from the group discussion that the persons are involved and none of the females of appro'{imate statistics on live stock of this village Rangamatia take up any trade or Commerce. arc as follows :- Cows 500, Bullocks- 700, Goats 1000. Sheep 1000 Hens 3000 and ducks 100. Rangamatia has got no separate But on the weekly market days people belon stockman's centre of its own. It has to depend on ging to difierent communities, also participate the centre at Shyuma-Khun1a, Located near the directly in the sale of some commodities or the block headquarters. The residents seck all llecessary other. They procure commodities from Baripada assistance here in regard to medicines and treatment on whole sale rate and put them on sale in the for their cattle. This centLe provides aU necessary market on retail basis. cattle treatment and diagnosis as sUQh the residents of Rangamatia o!wiously depeud on this centre at Industry: Shyamakhunta. TIle Vi11agrs of Kundalbani, S:11bani, Badesul, Sansn1 and Jagannathpur mostly depend on this stockman Centre. In this tribal pocket of the district, it was Obscl'ved at the time of field study that three At this centre artificial insemination of (R.S.) Bhumij households; one Bindhani household; one or Red Sindhi breed is provided. The castratio~_ of Brahmin and one Mahali household have been he-goats, sheep and buffaloes are ::}lso done: pursuing sonfe industry. These are carried on small This apart the common diseases of cattle are atten scales and cantherefore be categorised as household ded. It was reported during field studies that this industry. Cycle repairing is the only work which A cycle r.:paircr at ",ork 7] is done outside the household. Tilis is located olle Ilousehold. of Bhuruij, wh.ile Bralul1.in house llear the high school. The basketry work of the hord numbering only one is engaged in manufactu Mahalj household and the tool workshop of ring of 'Murhi' or fried rice. The details of Bindhani family are located in the premises of the production of each type of indu')try are depicted housellOld itself. Similarly rope making engages in the table 3.11. TABLE-3.ll Household and SmaH Scale lndustrics by type of product, Rcli~ion and Caste or Tribe or Community of head of household. Type of Total no. of product households Hindu Bhamil Hicdu Bindhani Hindu Brahmin Hindu Mahalj Remark~ engaged in housellOld House- No. House- No. House- No. House- No. and small hold manuf- hold engaged hold engaged bold engaged scale ind engaged acut- engag«;d enaaged engaged ustries red - -- --_ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 i) Manufacture of Rope 150 Kg. per yr. ii) Preparation of Murhi 200 Kg. pel' yr. iii) Manufacture of Winnowing 2800 fan, Bamboo, Umbrella, Per yr. Mats, Doli iv) Manufacture of chisel, 100 Hoe, spade, sickle equipments per yr. v) Umbrella repairing 60 nos. per yr. vi) Cycle repairillg 700 per yr. It is further revealed from survey data that These industries are being run within the only Bhumij residents of Rangamatia, pursuing households and are limited to involvement of a small scale and household industry are in posse handful of households who generally-~olIa;t their ssion of agricultural land over 2.6 acres. All raw materials like paddy or sabai grass etc. from other communities, earning their livelihood through the village itself, while raw iron or cylce compo small scale industry are in poossession of land nents and umbrella fittings etc. are procured from upto 2.5 acres or even below that. Baripada twon. rn all these cases, only the family 72 menlbcrs are el1gag~d-l1o worker 011 wage basis or is potentially ricll in economic resources. It hired worier is engaged. In Rangamatia the has plenty of dense forests, fertile agricultural industry in the real sense is armost absent. The Jand, bountiful store of minerals, adcqllate watel' activities whkh &0 engages these couple of hOliSC reSOLlrces, energetic and active population, net holds arc being conducted just [or the sake of work of roads and a good cJimate.' But, here ill supplementing' their income. Rangamatia all facilities, through not available, yet it has patch.:s of fertile lands, water resources and Erection of any industrial Ullit 111 or around energetic and active popUlation. The surroundings Rangamalia is a far cry as there is no eleclricity in of Rangamatia abonnds in rich forest resources-but the vilIage. The Panchayat may in future take up its a"ai:ability is restricted. The 'Project Tiger' some small scale units blIt\ for the rn'csent ther.: schem~ restrains the 'SQUs· of the so)1' even to seems no programme at the time of survey and gather the roots and fruits or the game birds or subsequent field studies. animals made available to them by Providence, Since this region is not being harnessed with even Source of incume : a sing'e industrial 1.mit there is obviously no other way to divert the substantial number of people fro111 bnd to other occupations. ';"MayurbhanJ is mainly a land of agriculture and the prosperity of the people depends in a As in othcr par1s of the country, agriculture 011 measure weather and crop~. when the rajnfall is the most important ~l1ld widely practised econo is copious and evenly balanced, people reap good mic activity in the district. harvest and are contended, otherwise poverty is widespread. Despite, dependence on hazards of It would be evident from the survcy table the weather for the happilless of an agricultural 3.12 thar average income of the hopseholds that population it can be said th"1 generally the standard cultivation, next to trade a11d commerce sllrpassess of living of the pccple of 1his tract is improving all other sources of income. A total number of slerrdily from year to year.' 22 households are engaged in cultivation which have an average earning of Rs. 7209;-froln Amongst the re~it.knts of R<:nganlMia, quite a agricu1tural occupation. The other occupations. f<-w are \V ell eft'. It ern be safely said that economic that keeps the residents l1Iostiy engaged-next to ccndition of'tl'e majority can jllSt be termed at. cultivation are Agricultural la bomer, daily Jabour 'hand to 1110l11h' living. The district of MayurbhanJ and Trade and Commerce. *'Orissa D_istlict Gazetteers. MayurL)!::mj, 1967, P. 325. T ABLE-:.1.1 2 Distribution of Household \Vita reference to Income group ami lH'crnge income from each <;1)11'r.ce in each income group (for tlle last ;\'car) Income group No. of SOUTce : J Source; 2 Source: 3 (In Rs.) house hold'J AgricultuTa' Latour Cultivation Daily Labour 1'\0 of AVCi"ll&e No, of H. Hs Average No. of Average housebold~ income receiving income pel H. Hs lece- income receiving per H. H income H. H of th" iving per H. H incomc from of the from the H. Hs den- incom; of the the source H. Hs source ing mean, from the H.Hs derivil,g from the source deriving means source means from the (in R~,) from the source source (in Rs.) (in Rs.) ------.---.- ----~ ---- ... -- - - 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ------~- Up to 500 2 521-1000 14 10 230 7 234 9 359 3 100]-1500 1 5 163 6 450 2 550 4 1501-2000 111 97s 1 435 5 2001-3000 4 150 4 87'1 1 432 6 3003-4999 7 5000+ 4 100 4 4,611 -- Sourco ; 4 SOtHce: 5 Source: 6 Somce: 7 Dividend and profit Fishery Forestry H H Industry No. of Avera&c_ No. of Average No. of Averag<: )\;0. of Average H. Hs income per H. Us income H.lh income ·H. Hs ircome recevin, H. H oflile income H. Hs (Jcri from the vins means S{)UfCO from the SOurce (in Rs.) 9 10 11 12 /3 14 I;, 16 ...... 1 1S 12 56 4 4]5 5 107 1 85 ... .3 57 800- 2 59 - ...... TABLE 3.12-Contd. ------_.. ------Source: 8 Source: 9 Source: 10 Source: 11 Investment Livestock. Profession Rc mi ttllnc:e No. of Avera&e No. of AVerage No. of Average No. of Averace H. Hs. income H. Hs. income l-J. Hs. income H. Hs. income 17 18 19 20 ~l 22 23 24 4 145 225 2 292 3 457 170 15 340 2 170 1,716 250 2 580 ~--- TABLE 3.12 - Coneld. ------Source; [2 Source 13 Source; 1.t Average ------for all Service Sale of Utensils Trade & Commeree ~ .. Hs. in the ------income group No. of Average No. of Average No of Avcrag~ H. Hs. income H. Hs. income H. Hs. income 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 2 80 4 38 780 .. 4 ... &4 48 340 .1,146 1,627 1 35 2 820 2,289 2 1,300 5,898 75 To conclude, the averages for all the househo~ds. 2 ,.barring income groups. up to :; 00' -and 1 3,001-4.999 rupees, are as 1.Il1der : (iii) 1,501-2.00D 1,626 ----~---- ImcolUe groups Averages for all hOllse]lOld~ (iv) 2,001-3,000- ::!.2S9 (in Rs.) in the income group. (In RS.) (v) 3,001-5.000- (vi) Above 5,000 - 5,R98 1 2 Table 3.13 deals \\il.h the distribution of 3(' ('i) 501- LOOO- IBO 110useho1ds 111 d'iKel'ewt income gT01.1pS 11"y commu nity and occupati(m. (11) LOOl-1.500-- 1,146 TABLE-3.J3 Oistribution- of household with reference to income group, occupation and caste or Tribe or community. Households beloogil1£ Income grau!"' Total number Casl~ Ghasi (Hindu) Tribe Bhmnij (Hindu) of ------house Agril. Daily AlI.ril. Culti Daily Teacher hoJd~ 1 abour Labour Labour \lation Labour ship 3 5 6 7 s Up to 500 501 - 1,000 14 4 3 J ,001 J ,500 7 4 1,501 - 2,000 3 2,201 - 3.300 4 1,301·5,000 5,000+ 4 3 Hou~eholds belonging Caste Bindhalli (Hindu) Tribe Mahali (Hindu) Other Brahmin (Hindu) Other Barik (H indu) ------_------... - Black Daily Ramarks smith labourer Industry Cultivation Priest Culivation 9 10 11 J 2 13 14 15 ------17 The Bhumij cummunity ha~ u tOlal Llll!1lbcr of tho!>e are living in the urban arcus or in the 15 households engaged in cultivation. They are developed suburbs. have becol1le easy prey to the distributed over all these 5 income groups. While modern civilisation. Their cultural contact with 4 households of this community come untIer each the urbanites now help remoulding their own age income groups of 501-1,000 and 1,001-1,500 old culture. only 1 household is covered under income group 1,501-2,000. In the subsequent other two urban impact and the clOS'.!I1CSS of this village i.ncomc groups 2,001-3,000 and above 5.000 the to one industrial alld commercially developed town remaining 6 households are cquidistributed. t\ ha!:> no doubt caused much harm to the residents single Blulmij hOLlsl:hold reporting leachership as of Rangamatia, still the sign of weariness has not profession has also come under income group been fad.:d out. So far the cx.penditure of the 2,001-3.000 rup::cs. In other incomc groups, households arc ClJI1CerneJ the itcms are not too Bhul1lij households havc report<.:d agr icultural many. Thcir expenditure is mainly on food. labour and daily labour as their occupation. The clothing. payment of loans or interest thereon, Brahmin households, numbering 2 are covered education. drinks and miscellaneous expenditure in the income group 1,00 i-L 500 rupees ~md including fur agriculture, recreation, fuel and the other one is in the income group of 5000 ornaments etc. The crazy tribals now long for and more. luxurious consumer goods. The youths crave for modern and fashionable clothings. The age old Expenditure : traditional and ceremonial dresses are a myth now_ The sophisticated attire as worn by town people Rural people are gencrally back\,urd and are 110W in use. The modernisation and urban innocent. Their involvement in costlier and traits luvc been greatly int-uJuencing the rural up-necessary lUXUI ies is comparatively negligible. a:reas. They do have craze for luxuries but their poverty does not permit them to acquire these luxuries. So Indebtedness : called modern civilization ha:> a bad impact on the majority poor which is now pouring in gradually In Rangamatia and in other "illages too the to the nook and cornel' of the rural areas. The impact of ever changing cult.ure is greatly marked. economic conditions of the rustics stand shattered This has givcn rise to artificial wants, resulting in those of the Tribals has gone from bad to worse borrowing and indebtedness. Table 3.14 depicts who like their non-tribal counter parts have become the number of households in debt by occupation victim<; of the modern civilisation. The trabals, of t!lC head of household :md income groups. TABLE·- Number of lbou:sbOlds in debt by occupation Number of households )\.0. of households b\ Total ------cccupaiion of head ~; Number of Purpose Purpose· ·Purpose Purpose Purpos~ household households 1 2 3 4 5 in debt in ------~ ---- _------the income Clear the Constructioll Cultivation To meet House group aboye debt of the house household repair- 500 expenditure iug (Personal Consumption) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Agricultural Labourer 2 Basket Maker 1 "Slack Smith 1 Cultivatioll 15 1 g 10 Dail~ labourer 2 Priest 2 1 2 1 Te.achership 1 79 3.14 of head of honsebotds, perpose ~"d income groap in debt for Ramarks Purpose Purpose Purpose Purpose 6 7 8 9 ------Purchase Purchase To Uoder go (~~o of hpusehold~ take:l loan for more tkan of of Perform C. T. "ne purpose) Medi- Clothing ~arriage traioig cine Ceremony 8 9 10 11 12 ._------_ 2 Marriage and Personal consumption 1 household (Agricultural labourer) 2 To clear debt and personal ConsuOlption- 1 house holds and Cultivation and personal Consumption-4- households (cultivation) 3 Purchase of medicine and personal COllsurnption-l household (Daily labourer) 'of House Repairing and personal Consumption-2 holiseboJd (Priest) , Training "tnd Construction of house-! -11011sehotd (Teacher) 80 Table 3.14 reveals that a total number of 24 started functioning and the residents got re lieved households mainly in the income gr011p 500-\- nrc from the clutcl1cS of money lend.ers. in debt. It has notted people from all categories of occupation, namely cnltiya tors, agricultural la bo Among a handful of sources available to the urers, daily labourers, basket makers, priest and the residents of Rangamatia, it is revealed from survey teaeber. TIle purpose for indehtednes<; are varied table that the KabuliwaHah has also been operatill~ in number. Majority, it seems are in debt tq meet in this village. This Muslim old mall who was the personal and household consumptions. The contacted during field studies, reported that he hails number of households coming ill this category (If from Arah district in Bihar but is very fondly called expenditure is 15. Other reasons of their indebted by the villagers of half a dozen villages as Kabuli ness as recorded during field survey are (i) to clear wallahs. Actually, he does not have any affinity the debt (] household); (ii) house constTlictlon with the common 'Kabuliwallahs'-the money lend (1 household); (iii) cultivation (10 households); ing Pathans who usually swindle the poor debtor. (iv) To meet household expenditure (personal con Of C011fse, this Muslim money lender credits against sumption) (I 5 households); (v) house reparing (2 payment of interest. Other sources which help the households); (vi) pmchase of medicines (1 house residents arc their own relatives who support them hold); (vii) purchase of clothing (1 household); at the time of need. (viii) to perform marriage ceremony (2 households) and (ix) to undergo C.T. training (I ]lOusehold). The villagers usually go in for loans from various sources, on personal security with an agreement to. Financing sources : pay the interest annually. In case of loans from Grain Golla, it is agreed UPOll to liquidate the loan amount within 8 years time. The cases of There was hal'dJy nlly recognised §olli'ce of such condition's account for 2 households. The financing like Bank etc. available in the vicinity. rate of interest is 15 per cent per annum. There Residellts, generally depended on tHe motley lenders are also instances of 13 households who have belonging to other villages and operating in this preconditions to liquidate loans within one year v_ilJage in the matter of lehding money to the people. time. The quantam of interest with the 'Kabuli Later on grain golla (Grain depot) and LAMPS waHah' is 50 per cent and 3 households have (Large sized Agricultlll"al Multipurpose Societies) borrowed under different mode of returning. S,tie COLintcl of Gldlll (JoILt 81 TABU> 3.15 Household" indebted by source. lcrllls and conditions etc. ------~umter of households talen loan Number of households ha"\e taken Sourt:e (In Rs.; loan at the interest ('i -~------______4 ___ _ Rate Upto 100 101-200 20J -500 5(0+ ------_-_ 15°" 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ------(i) Kabuliwallah 3 (j i) Grain golb 6 6 2 15 (iii) Neighbou ring 3 2 villagers (\v) Money lender, 3 3 (v) Relatives 1 (vi) "illagero 6 6 TABLE 3.1:' Contd. ]',;0 intere~t No. of hcuseholds \\ho have No. of hOllsehollh \vho hq, e taken loan on Terms and conditions taken loan on security Term 1 Term 2 Term 3 ~o such Pers('n"l ~ectlrily ~ccLlIllY To repay No such terms To clear the debt ~md condition the debt in S yes. but lO pa} within a otherwise the interest year Govt. will annually collect the amount 13 14 15 16 17 1:< 19 (i) Kahu1iwallah 2 3 Oi) Grain golla 2 13 14 (iii) Neighhouring 2 2 villagers (iv) Money lenders 3 1 3 (v) Relatives 1 2 ... 2 (vj) Villagers 4 3 5 2 ------Although above sources are available yet there also revealed from surve) tables docs not go beyond are some problerns encountered while going in Rs. 500/-+ by two households. for loans. Due to their financial unstability and hardship and inability to produce any surety, The survey table also gives a ~Iimpse (Table it becomes a problem to raise loan at the time of 3. J h) that the residents who arc well off, are also their need. The survey table depicting indebtedness having their personal savings. For meeting the of the residents of Rangamatia village reveals that expenditure 011 construction of house, land deve comparatively very few people have been incurring lopment or for purchase of land and other produc loans. The total amount of loans incurred, it is tive assets they have their own financing resources. TABLE -·3.16 Source of finance for Capital expenditure Source No. of No of hou,eholds who spent for house------hoids Constru- No. of I and No. of Capital No. of Purchase of land and Remarks clion & house- Dev~lo- hOll"e- goods iJ,otlse- other productive improve- holds pment holds (money holds as~els (money value) n.cnt of (money va'ue) bidg. & value) other structure (money value) . _. __ .... ------_. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Personal ~uving 29 Rs. 10.762.0 7 Rs.2.850.0 4 Rs. 12,887.0 Borrowing from Rs. 200.0 friends & relatives. CHAPTEH-4 SOCIAL Al\;O CL'LTUIV\L UFI:- Housing per ce11t. The numb.:r of hou::.es in Rangamatia \Va" 157 in 19(, I ancl in the la~t cenSl,5 in 197] the "Holl~ing is one of the ha~il: needs l~f life, llumber went up to I 64, thLl~ recording a grO\\th 'A roof o\'cr the hcad' i~ the 1l10~t e lcmentar.\ of 4.46 per ccnt. It hu .., been 8.(1_::> per e(nt for the n.:ed next to t\\O square meals h day ami a fc\\ di"tricl. clothes to Cl)\'Cr onc's hod~' "itl1"':' It is applicah1c to non-tribal as well as to the tribals. The ~hape Similarly. the grLl\\lh in n:gard to number of and ~iLc or the quality of the hom,e may dilTer hUL households in the district has been 17.57 PLI' so far the hasic need i, concerned. a hOllS': ~el\L~ cent whilt' it lnh hcen IO_l:U ill r c.:nl ill c3lie of the rtlrpo~e of a rich mill O\\11Cr and ~, Ill';tic Rangamatia village during the decade, The houses tribal alike. \ tribal hut of a couple of cubits will arc c:omparati\cly mLlch crowded in Rangamatia. provide as mIlch enm fort hl 1he c1\Ycller as a luxuril)u~ apartment mu) I~ro, ide to a millic))1dlr Th.:: den~it\" of houses f0r the Stall: is 24 hous,-~ city dwe Iler, per ~quare kik~mdrc. However in Mayulbhanj district the Jensil)' is pf the order of 23 hOllses 11(1' I{ou~ing C1:lbll~ In India i~ u::.ually ta~en llP on ~q. km, Rangamatia \ illage had 0,25 houses during the e\e of the general population counting, Thi;.. 196 I Census and now it ha<; been calculated at census of houses provides useful statistics pa.rtaining 0,26 house~ per sq. kl11, in 1971 Ccnsus, to various type::. of dwellings in the country. Tn thL' 1971 Census as well as in the earlier ccnsu~es '>LICh ,\ cursor) glance at the plan of houses give:, an stathties \\cre collected, 'The detail"- about the Impn:ssion that the residents of Rangamatia haw number of h()use~ a~ well :.1" the varied information::. preference for small homes. They live mostly in relatine: to types of hou,..::;., hOllse::, made up of mud, one roomed kutcha hOLlses \\ ith mud ,\alls. Those hril.:1-.s,- stone or splitted bamb00~ or ,il11ply maol' \\ ho arc ecnl1l1mica I Iy \\ e II otr. ha vc ~pacious multi up of leaves, gras,. or tenh etc were collected Uur rOL)111ed d\\clling~. Almost all the hOllses are kutcha inp: the housing c..::nSll~. typc and arc thatched \\"ith straw, The pueca d\\cl ling~ ha\e tiled roof~, cemented floors with outer HOlbing Cen~u, beine: the pre-reqlli~ik of actual pillars built of stones. The 'Baku}" is a C011J111on it \\;<; conductec1 during 1971 Cent-us in cen~us, featul'':- in which a ~quare courtyard is covered from 1970-exactl) a year prior to eenl>LlS ta~ing. As per all sid.:s along\\ ith the li\ ing room (Mela Ada): this counting. there exbt a total number of 90,741, store Waba Ada) and kitchen ( Mandi Ada) and the 9 4 occupied re"id..::ntial houses in the coulltry, Cattle ~h(J. Likc\\'i~e in case or our Stale (Orissa) the I1gurc in 19'71 stood at 218.5R7 ocellpkd-residential House Type: house" AQain it was also reported that ~ r, J. 31 0 hou~ehold; or families were li\'ing in the"c hOllse::" Entire l>trllcture of their d\\elling~ generall) house~ A decade bad the numher of in the State comprise;; the main living room and a small ~tore \, a:- 2 19.655. 1'00111, The kitchen with a placc for hearth is earmarked in a corner of the living room. Thi" The gW\\ til in numb.:r 0[' ol:cupied re,iuciltial portion of the li\'ing 1'00111 in a Bhumij house is a houses fr0111 1961 to 1971 is calculated at 13.32 --_.------_._----_ ~acred place a" they worship their family dtity (I]" ~"'A Portrait of Population", Ori~sa, ]97 ] censu~ b) B. TI ipathi. 84 'Hadam Budi Bonga' at this spot. On all the cer the rural and 8. l points in the ur ban areas". The emonial occa5ions their ancestors are worshipped at change in the use of various materials and taste for the kitchen. . Bir~a Bonga' is abo installed near better and improved materials for construction of' the hearth. ft is in the shape of a small stone. walls or roof 111ay be due to various factors. The A prominent but a common structure one notices In Mayurbhanj district this feature of improved is a 'Pindigi'. This place is usually meant for sitting materials of walls and roof is not uncommon. In or retiring purposes. This structure, built outside Rangamatia majority of houses have mud as the the main house usually remains open. Some put up predominant material of floor. During the survey cover and use it as drawing room. it was also noticed that predominant materials of wall are mud (33 households); Bamboo and mud In Rangamatia the houses are found in scattered (1 household) and unburnt bricks in case of only patches i 1 irregular manner. There appears to be 1 (household) _ All the households are having no systematic pattern of distribution. The houses thatched roof. Now some hOllseholds, namely, the face ltO particular direction and in the absence of Brahmin and a couple of Bhumij have gradually ~illage '>treets, the view of the village does not look developed taste for erecting tiled and asbestos sheet very prominent from outside. The bridle paths roofings. The school building has been renovated_ and foot paths connecting the various segments are A portion .of its roof now has galvanised sheet. not very distinct nor are regular in feature. Besides predominant material& of floor and wall House construction, problem etc. the J1,aterials of the ceiling or the inner layer (Aatoo) under the roof where househbld . articles There are various types of houses - built of are stored are built of b3.mboo alone or 111 some different materials. The houses of rural areas differ cases mud with bamboo. It is evident from survey from that in the urban areas. The house of poor data that the well-to-do Bhumij household number and the rich differ, The walls are usually made up ing 6 households and 1 Ghasi household have ex of grass, leaves, mud, unburnt bricks etc. Now the clusively wooden ceiling. Others have Bamboo and proportion might be low but in the rural areas and mud mixed ceilings. particularly in the tribal concentration such mate rials are mOst prevalent.';' "In the State as a whole Table 4.1 shows the distribution of houses by the decrease in proportion of houses with grass, predominant materials of floor, wall, roof and ceil leaves, reeds or bamboo, mud, unburnt bricks, weed ing by religion and caste or tribe or community of as wall materials is to the extent of 3.1 points in head of household. 'Source: *Housing Report 1971, Orissa, p. 42:- 85 rABLE-~.l Distribution of houses by predominant materials of floor. wall. roof and cdling by religion and caste or tribe or community of head of household. Religion and Caste Predomi and TrIbe or nant Predominant material Predominant Predoll1mant Predominant Predominant Community materials of wall material of material of malerill of ll1>iterill of of floor roof ceiling door window Mud MlIJ Bamboo Unburnl Thatch Balll'JOo B:.tmbon Wuod Wood aDd brick and mud mud 2 -' 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ~------_ ._-_ Hindu Bhul11ij 27 25 27 6 13 14 3 Ghasi 3 3 3 2 1 1 Bindhani 1. 2 2 1. Hank Brahmin 1. 1. 2 2 Total 35 33 35 7 19 16 4 In tablc 4.1 the pn:dolllimnt nutcrials of wall The C01HtrHction of wdll is done in stages. fioor, roof, ceiling, door and windows of 35 -since th; walls ar; b:Jilt mostly of mud, the layers houses arc recorded. In all CiS~S prcdominl.llt of Hud arc r,lis~d at intervals. while a layer of I materials are 111.ud, bamb.Jo, tlntch, woad or to 2 feet high is l'<,ised, it takes 4 to 5 days' time mixed b:l.lnb00 and mud. In cas:! of c:!iling only to b:! dried up after which another layer is put 7 houses have ceiling nude up of blmboo and 28 over it. No brick or b:unbo.) frame is made prior houses have no CCI ling. Similarly in C9,S;: of window to raising th~ mud walts. Csu::tlly the house is only four houses have wooden window3 and rest provided with two doors of wooden planks or 31 houses have no windows whereas wdlls o[ burnt split bamboos. Now the Bhumij homes have got brick with tile or asb;!stos roofing are al<;o coming :m1111 windows but previously there were no up in Ranganultia. The school building, Panchayat w;ado\\"s. The- b:lm'J:Jo n1.'1ts or 'Taati' arc used as 01Tice and the Sub-Post Office are Pl1CC3. door-shutters by the poor while the aflluent people struct ures. use wooden planks as door and w;ndow shutters. The thatching ingredients available in the locality are used in construction of houses. The bamboo Procedure of construction and the straw are collected Ioacally while for the tiles and other construction tn'lterials the J-esidents VSU:l.lI y some rilllais follow prior to <.:0 llStruc mostly have to depend on the supply frolll Bariada tion of house. Selection of a site. suitable for town. The Gh':lsis, tIe M3.lnlis and the Bindhanis house construction, the nunners in which the also adopt the &ame procedure but the weaker construction work is to start and the day for section of the people usually depend on. the forest starting construction etc. all form. part of this products available in the locality for e;>nstruction ritual which must be observed. There:;>[ter the of their dwelling houses. Normllly one finds a work is takell up. The works are done in phases. compound wall with a spacious open space in the 86 front and a "mall kItchen g«lden on the back sIde women, also Pllts on a blou<;e TLe old women cf each hOllse 110\'1 ever , weat a piece of S,'II "hel eas the young women no\\ -a dLl) me ford of underg The vIllagels genelully "eal sImple dre% The DUIJng SUI "ey It was notIced that 'Gdmuc1ld' gIrls genelally put on flOCks \\h!le little glO\\11 up 'Dilotl and Raman' ate the ple\allmg dless of the gIrls Wlap a plecc of cloth 01 d towel ovel thell male membels The comn'on dle<;s of female IS bodu;s TJle fent.tles VI cal <;allS No;\ -a-da) s young sail f TABLE--I~ Wale dress b~ Religion and Caste or Tribc or Communit~ of head of hou'ichold of Orissa State RcltgJOn and CISIC! No of h0u<;cholLh \\hcIC adult ~o of houschold "hclC mmor Tnbc or Lommunlty n1.llc \lse; males normally u<;c. of head of household ------Remarks DICSS I)tCS~ ~ Dt C,S 3 Drc~s l)IC~<; .2 OICSS 3 Lungl & Gnmuchha Dhott and Langull '-il.:ket D'1otl Raman flantan (h::>lfpdJ11) .2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ------ loldl ~ 14 18 9 7 2 Hmdu [lhl tlltJ :2 8 16 -I 7 ~ In I (onc) singlc case, hcad of Ghd'i .2 .3 the household IS a female. Bmdh~nt .2 .2 2 In 5 cases the child len are Bank Icturned as naked. Blahmm 2 Sunll.lIly the ft:l1u1cs commonly usc S.1II and male counterparts adore thcJ11:.elvcs wIth the ever the girls use frocb. No wduay" colourful sJ.ries of changmg f,lslllonabic attire. The ~.ln IS usually varied desig.ls ar_! Imported to the village through worn by a grown up womun or when she attains the Peddlers coming to w..;ck Iv llLlrkcts. These about 20 y~ars of age or above varieties range rr0l11 cotton "Kh-tdi", to common silk and terry-cot or rubiya volls of enchanting Table 4.3 presents thc female dress by rclIglOTl colour with exotic printl.. The young girls are seen and community of head of household a.1d state to gOlllg mad rur this 'iophisticatcd dr"ss Female dress by Religion and Caste or Tribe or Community or hcall orllOllscno\d and staie to "hich head of hOl1sehold bdnngs. Religion :.md Ca~k SWte to No. or household~ Tribe or CCl11l11l111il) which h~ad \\ here :J dull fcn1<11"" No. of households minor Remark, of hcad of hOll,chold of h01l5C normally lise fem:Jle~ n(ll mally u~<: hold bclcm !' Drc,s . 1 Sari L:mgut i Sari ------~ ~--- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ---- Total 34 4 15 3 Hind\l Bhumi_i Oli5~a 26 3 10 3 One head of household in Bhumij Community is n Gh:lsi Crissa 3 2 single man household where ther is no females a,nd hence total Bhumij household for this table is 34. \ Bindbani Orissu 2 2 In 3 casc~ the children are returned as naked. ' Emil,. Brahmin Oriss:1 Ornaments their ornaments on the artisans at Baripada. The most popular among the gold ornaments are the By naturc females go cruzy for ornament& be 'Kanphasa' for cars; 'Fer pheri' also for ears anel it made up of gold, silvcr or even cheaper aJI-oys the 'PhuJi' or the 'Naka Phuli' for the Nose. The and aluminium. Tn the past the poor tribals of rings made of gold and studded with stones are Rangamatia were using ornal1'lents, made up of brass, bell metal, lac or 'sankha'. In C01lTSe of cnosidcred as laxurious items by the educated time the peddlerb coming to 111e weeldy markets, males of this village who are ccmiJ1g in contact the people of ncar by town. Their womcn, teo, bl"Ought in with them a "ide range of intricate obviously go a step fu rther longillg fer tb:sc varieties cf ornaments made of silver and German luxuricf'. On the whole, in Rangamatia the Bhumij gold. The common ornaments used by the \illagers were 'Supiraba' for thc hair knobs: 'Bitula' and of comparatively richer section and the Brahmins Khab' for their ears and 'Mankidi' for the nose. l1articula!'ly the Sarpanch of the panchayat have recently developed a taste for more sophisticated Besides these ornaments the girls used to adore themselves and were bedecked with the 'Pohala dresses as well as the ornaments. On the special Mali'; 'Suki Mali': 'Athana' and 'Taka Malis' occassions like marriage, festivals, and other social gatherings, the youngmen and children are usually rOllTId' their neck. seen coming bedecked with the sophisticated attire. During the last decade ornaments in GenTIan Even when visiting the town of Baripada a villager gold and in glittering bronze metals becc.me much is usually seen in best of his dresses. The following popular among the ft male folk of the village. table gives a detailed account of the orn,l11ent& Currently the well-to-do people greatly depend for worn by the villagers. Ornaments Local nariles ..Material Oescrip_t'ion used --;- 1. Mudi (Ring) Gold Well to do male, and females pUt on thei,' finger. 2. (i) Suki Mudi (Ring) Silver Rings, affixed with quarter (ii). Adhuli Mudi (Ring) Silver rupee and ha[f'lupee coins and worn't10th by males and females ' ' 3. (i) Jiva K~tri Usually worn by the females or their " (ii) Hata bala Brass and wrist, while old women rc;:ularly u-;e it, (iii) Katari bell metal the younger generation casually on fe,tive (iv) Sakam occasions put on these out dated ornaments. 4. Ruli Lac Colourful lac bangles to be worn on the wrist of the young women and girls. 5. Sankha, Buta Phala Silver The traditional omamem, for wri't being Banka Ka(la worn by young and old alike. 6. Hala bela, Katan Brass and -do- Bell metal 7. (i) Bohala Mali Pohala Beads- Red beads·a kind of fOlest product is round the neck. (ii) Suki Mali Silve, These silver ned. laces nre worn round (iii) Athana Mali .-.Silver the neck on normal days and during (iv) Taka Mali Silver festive occasions too. (v) Champa Kadhi Silver 8. Kana Phasa Gold The well to do women wear it on their 9. Phe]" Pheri Gold ca,s. On the market days and while going to the fairs etc the old women also wear these ornaments. 10. Phuli or Naka Phuli Gold Worn on the nose·both da)o·to-day and II. Mankadi Silvel on festive oceassions. 12. Bitula) For dec(' rating the ears both for regula" ) Silver usc and during festi\ e occasiGm. . 13. Khab) 14. (i) Supiraba) Silver While Khnta' is used for fixing the Oi) Kanta ) decornted hair-do the Supiraba enhances the beaut:; when. it is affixed on the 'Knob' of the hair-do. 15 Silver 'This arm-let, \\OV01 with coloured thread i~ put on the nrms of the young and old alike during rnnrriage and other festive occasiom. 90 H.ir drcuiRg in decorating their llails with coloured polish and use coloured liquid 'Alata' around,. the. sole of Previously neither the males nor the. fdl11ales their feet. Tattooing. in other <;ense is in the wane. were taking so much interest in dressing of their hairs except on son'le special occasians. Gradually the)' developed a hste for combing and resorted Housebold goods to the use of 'Kuindi SU'lum' or Kachada oil and 'Baru Sunum' or Kusum oil. The males after Utensils taking bath used to comb and dress their hair. The femiles were adopting both 'Rapat' and 'Tunki The study of material culture of the Village Supit' in which two separate plaits Were made out reveals that the residents mostly use the earthen as of the lock of hair!>. Further both these plaits well as aluminium utensils for cooking purposes. used to be tied round like a knob. Now when Jt is generally observed that they prefer cooking mustard oil, coconut oil and various types of utemils made up of metal while the earthen pots perfumed oils are pouring into the village, they are specivically used for the purpose of storing naturally run aftel' these cosmetjcs_ CoJOUYed water and allied things. Similarly bell l"iletal pots ribbons and artificial coloured flowers are also etc. are generally used for the purpose of serving used by )oung girls for braiding their hair. food. The cups and pots made out of leaves are commonly used. The use of these leaf cups is Tattooing or Khada more at the tinle of marriage and othel" social occasIOns while the food and drinks are ceremoni Tattooing or Khada is 110 more considered cls ously preferred to be taken in these cups and social obligation now There is some davlatlOn plates. It I') a common sight in the BhumiJ house from the traditional custom of getting one:,' arm, holds III Rangamatia that the sewn leaf cups chin or the nose tattooed. The so called sophistica tagged Jl1 long chains and arc hung under the ted Bhumi] girh and young women do not seem ;·00f8. The table 4.4 gives the statistics of house to be I igid about this general rule. They feci pi oud hold posses~ing cooking materials and utensils. TABLE-4.4 Materials of which utensils are made by religion and CastejTribejConllRunit)' and migration status (Migrants or non-migrants) with referellce to place of last residence of head of household. --~- RehglOn and Caste I MIgratloll Total Number of households where Number of household whele utenSIls for Tllbe/ commulllty of Status number cooking lltensils ale made of sel ving food are made of head of hou~ehold of ----- ._------house- Matellal Malenal MdteJial Matena! Matcllal Matenal Matenal Matenal hold ------Clay Aluminium Tron AlummlUm Bell Glass Stone Iron Metal 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 J 1 Hmdu BhumlJ MIgrant - 2 2 2 2 Non-MIgrant 25 2, 21 8 18 18 9 Hmdu Ghasl Migrant 1 1 2 Non-Migrant 2 2 2 2 2 Hmrlu BmdhaTii Migrant Non-Migrant Hmdu Bank Migrant 1 ~- --.1 Non-Migrant Hmdu Brahmlll M}gral?J Non-Migrant 2 2 2 ~::rt'il,-) ' rV'fj'WU7CrE"'tniS'?tr - .~ ",·-I<·"?'tt5iC7(IsXZ - ntrKtCraz-wt5f- ''C1Z3''W?i=vmr7Di%S7ft?SX "I"'tG2:-loY "YTF e:e -msw» nmoncJtirtor.rf2friO' ~ ~ ~ r 'rT"fm' ffI!"Ir ~. -'=~I ' m- .:-".."q"",:,-q>: ""'¥:o"~', <:r.'1" • ..,~ .m::,,,..,.. '''U''rr; . ~>;:r<;1"''-¥:o -::'-''1''---,_,,' ___ :-_ - -, .... ·"m,.,.,.. -. ~--.""'-'- -'11, .-".".,,- . ,-- I', I I .. b • '. "-,,,:',, ,;;\,'. '_'ill!ili;_,/:S ',-' "',!!!pH'·--',,,- '. , ','!it~iJf/!;;-f'1!f!!!j;l ,,)tif!!~ 'i"·',t#. '1~1 /1 { I IJ ,[}ij;"ft#_ ,I ,I,! I'~' .. ! j , . 1iH, ~ - ~. ., -"'~ , ,.,. ------~------,- ~, ~, I'!"~~-~,- <:" :-?iJr~jfr:}t..::::1!CJf-}i!f91::"!ff!!PJ!jll~::- ' • _ • . ~_~_"",,"~ .... . , 511' -_ • -L _ ...... __ ••___ - __ _...., ___ ...... ______._.~_,_ __ ,..~-_ .... ____ -_.-.-..._..." - _____ • .,.._" , , -----~------ 91 Among the metal products 'Duba', Gilla 'Gilns' widely used by the Bhumij, the Malnli as well as and 'Lola' are the articles of common usc, Th~ n few Ghasi household", These products arc now popular earthen pot~ are 'Tela;'. 'Chatu' and p'ovring into the village in btl Ik. The table 4.5 'Patra' made up of stone al'e also in use, The reveals the; item of utensils which an cwcrage cooking utensils made lip of ,ltuminium arc sizl!d Bhumij household possesses in the village. TABLE-4.5 The Utensils in usc ------Utensils Local ll:1l11e and its usc Make J. Dubn tBig bowl) 'Bati' For taking 'Pakhal' or watered rice Bell Metal 2. Gina (Bowl) 'Gina' Used for taking curry -do- 3, Gilas (Tumbler) 'Gilas' a tumbler used for drinking \\uler -do- 4. Lota (Waterpot) 'Lola' used for storing water -do- 5. Thnli (Big piate) 'Thali' used for taking food -do- ....)6. Dubuli (Stene bowl) 'Palhuri' for eating CUlT) Stone 7. Dikchi (Aluminiumpot) 'DiJ,;chi' for carrynig food to the field Aluminium Besides the above articles, some other vessels Consumer goods made of galvanised iron and tin plates, such as 'Karat' or frying pan and bucket etc are now in Tn Rangam&tia, now the consumer goods like vogue. Big earthen post known as 'Handi' are a]S1> hllrrican lamp, radio, wrist watch etc are getting being used for brewing 'Eli', the populaL' drink. prominence. The people of the younger generation The earthen pitchen, 'Kadasa' or Kadasi for storing water arc extensively used by the residents generlly have a craze for possessing valuadle and Big 'Doli' an important item of household articles portable radio sets or transistors. ThtYWrist watc is seen in almost all the households of the village. hes and bicycles arc eOfisidercd 'Very much e&senlial Small 'Dolis', prepared fr-om ropes of straw are for the day-to-day use of the villagers. ll1e details mostly used for preserving food grains, Another of th(sc consumer goods and fashionable articles important and useful equipment is 'Dhenki' or the dehusking pedal. This is installed in the outer as collected at the time of field investigation is \"erandaha or within the courtyard. presented in table 4.6 92 Presence of"luxliry and c()stly goo:is by religion and caste tribe comri1Unit~' o[head or household Rdigion ~nd Caste! Total Number of hOtlsel101ds posses"ing Tribe/Community of ~umber of ------~-- Cycle Number of healt of household households Wrist Sewing Transistor/ watch niachinc Radio household having no luxury gooJs ------_-- - .. __ .. _--- - -~----~-- 7 27 Tot,ll 35 3 7 19 Hindu Bhumij 27 3 J Hindu Ghasi _, 2 Hindu Bindhani 2 Hindu Barik 2 Hindu Brahmin 2 ---~-~~------~------~-- -- -~----- .------_--_-- _- -~--- Furniture chairs, tables and smaller racks etc for their me. The urge Lo possess dressing table, almirah, fashio n,tble cots .etc becomes evident when one visits the The old and tr.lditional 'P.lrkom' or the ~tri nged cot is considered as a must for every house- house of a few middle class Bhumij. The furniture of thc middle class also include woodell scats hold. Every housetlold, irrespective of religion, (pidha) and palm-leaf (patia) mats. At the time caste Trib::: and community owns atleast a stringed of survey information relating to' existence of cot. Now, a section of the well-to-do p~op Ie of furnIture, reported by residents is presented in table 4.7. the villJge haw hrought in both wooden and iron TABLE-4.7 Existence of Furniture by Religion/Caste TribejCOmllulIlity and durlJtion of present Residence of head of household. 0< umber of hou,eholds ha vin:; ReI igion/C\hte/Trlb~j Duration of Total 'Hou'.c: ------~------~---~-~ # Community present Number hold Diwan Cot Bench Other residence of with no Chair Table (Rope) furniture house- furni hold lure 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 ------~------.--- Total 35 Hindu Bilumij Le~s (llUn t yr. 1--4 years 2 5 -r years 26 93 (Table -L 7-Contd) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 to Hindu Ghasi Less than 1 yl. )-4 ye[lr~ 5 -ryears _, 2 Hindu Bindhanl Leo;s than yr. 1- -4 years 5 -+ year, 2 Hindu Barik Less than yr. 1--4 years Hindu Brahmin Less than 1 yr. J -4 years 2 Food and Drinks ghee. They consume dried fi~h, 'Saag' or greell leaves of various species of creepers as side dish to Rice is the ~tapl<.! food of the people of the the usual menu. Normally a dish of meat, fish dh,trict. Differ(.nt types of millets, maize and or egg is wry much reli<;hed by them. Fish is wheat constitute the food stufl' for the villagers. available from the stream and the irrigation canal About ~ev~n kinds of pulses arc taken alongwith passing nearby. A Ghasi youth takes to slaughte rice. Vegetables of different kinds from an essj!n ring and selling of meat. He usually moves from tial item of the menu. Among the common market to market on fixed days and sdls mutton varieties of wgctables mention may be made of in the weekly markets. Rich and' poor consume brinjal. pumpkin, ribbed gourd, Jady's fingers and mutton alike. The poor do not afford to consume other varieties of edible gourd~. Fish and meat it regularly. They, however, relish mutton very arc rarely taken. Dried iish is abo considered as much on ceremonial accal>ions when slaughtex:ipg ail item of menu. Milk, butter, ghee and cheses of atleast a he-goat or a cock is considered a are u~ually taken by the people belonging to middle ll1u:,t. The occasiona I hunting in the forests dass family. Spices of different kinds are consi reward's them with the game birds and &mall dered as indi~p'el1sable ingredients. animals like rabit etc. The fried ric;; or 'Mudhi' is gr.:atly relished by ~hiJdren and old alike. This A_l11ong the food items wheat and its products -Mudhi' is s.o.ld in the weekly mach;t and is also like Chapati, PUJ:i etc are the new food items, availab1e_in the tea shop. reli&hed by the residents of Rangamatia. Con sumption of Potato is also a change during the Frequency of Meals decade. Jt was revealed at the time of field ::.tudies that the residents are consuming nowadays more In the t:arly morning most of the residents set Potatoes besides other vegetables and food grains. out for work since various work in ihc field demands their presence quite early in the morning. The villagers or Rangamatia consume most of Generally after washing their face and after the aforesaid items of pulses and spices but they attending to normal daily works, they take are quite unable to afford for n~ilk, butter and -Pakhala' or rice added with water. This type of watcn.:d dce alongwith a pinch of salt, chillies and addiction to sophisticated liquor is a new feature 'Saaga' or cooked leafy foliages form the typical and Baripada town, a town where there is no. dish of the region. The working class has a death of this kind of liquor. general preference for this type of food which provides them ,vith energy till noon. The children A close study of the food habib of the resi as well as other members of the household who do dents il:dicates that there has been definitely a change not work in fields, also take the same type of food during the period under review. The villagers in the morning at about 9 A.M. In the noon, on who used 10 take 'Torani' or watery substance of return from fi~]d 'Madida' (Torani) or the filtered rice before setting out for day's work are now liquid of the cooked rice is taken by _a day labourer seen taking fried rice ('Mudi') with 'Pokudi'-a alongwith chillie5 and a pinch of salt. The women, condim(.nt. Now-a-days most of them prffer tea take the left-over food alongwith a belly·full of with this condiments. Their frequent ",isits to ~Madida', the nearby tWOl1 have infuluenccd their dietl'Y habits. The condiments and cal:es like 'Manda The last food of the day is usually taken Pitha', 'Chitou' and 'Arisa Pitha, etc are relished immediately after the S1.111 set when they return by them ·during the festivals. Nowadays the home from the days 10il, Both vegetarian and educated ones prefer the dishes prepared with. non vegetarian items of food are relished by the ghee and spice s. The proximity to the urban residents of Rangamatia. They, however, do not centre hS1i considerably illflue~ced the food habits like beef or pork. Only the Ghasis, at times take of a larger section of the residents of Rangamatia. b~ef and pork. The chapatis of wheat bread and loaf are now being prefercd as breakfast as well as considered Like other aborigines the Bluunij of Ranga to be light diet when they suffer fr0111 fever and matia also indulge in drinks. The youth and old other ailments. alike, sit together and consume 'Eli' or 'Handia' wchich are quite common varieties. Both these The tabooed or the restricted items of food liquors are the common rice beer-brewed at home. are eschewed. The Bhumij greatly honour their Handia is a little bit more intoxicant than 'Eli' respective totems. No bird or aminal of one's as a kind of powdered herb. known as 'Ranu' is totem will be killed for food. The entire popula diluted with it at the time of fermentation. 'Rase' tion of the village is non-vegeterian. and- -. ArI(j' are yet two more varieties of drinks. Household composition While 'Rase' -the sediments of the 'handia' i& collected after filteration, Arki is prepared out of Usually the homehold or a family comprises cMahwa' flower. 'Arki'is manufactured 'by the one of more persons who commonly live together Ghasi community males who usually sell it on and take their meals from a common hearth unless. weekly markets. the exigencies of work prevent them from doing so In most of the ca"es, it has been found that These drinks, quite often are cOllsumed lavi a family constitutes husband, wife and their depen shly at the time of same festivals, rituals, or at the dent children. Some instances are also there marriage feasts. These drinks arc a must and not where the married brothers live together with their a single day is ever ~ observed as- a dry day. Now wife and children as well as their old and depen a days thc youths are seen taking special fascina dent parents. Rangamatia' has got a number of tion for foreign liquor which is extensively joint family households. It will be evident from consumed by the near by urban residents. This the table 4.8. ~...... ~ .. ~ ...... ~n...... ~~~ .. ~~ .... ~.a""""aY"MMI 95 TABLE-4.8 Distribution of ]00 Hhuseholds by number of members and Age of head of Houselolds. Age of He.ld of HOll~ehold Number of households h:lVI1.lg memb;:rs Smgle 2 3 4 5 6-7 8-9 10 12 I 3 and above Total 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II ------~~--~~~.--- Below 20 years 20-29 yeal~ 2 2 4 10 10-39 yeals 4 2 9 2 20 40-49 ycar~ 2 3 9 4 12 3 2 36 50--59 yeals 2 3 3 4 4 23 6t. and abo\c 2 4 11 UnspeCified 4 6 11 17 15 12 7 6 2 100 The table 4 8 Illdlcah:s that there eXIst a familles arc. lJ1fact ],t1gel IJ1 size and the leason 1<; numbel of larg~ sIzed h JlIsehold" Out of the attnbuted to the prevalence of the Jomt falmly sampl~ of 100 hou"ehold., of tile Yillage, over 50 system alhong the Bhul111j residents Norman), hou~~holds have 5 or 1110re Incmbers The number mcmbels of a famI!) prefer to stay jointly as long of JJIlgle 111;l11b:r hou~,:,:hold and household~ with dS thell p::trcnts mc alIvc. 2 pel~o.ls IS qUIte "null Incld:!ntally households with 4 and 5 ll1eJ11b~l, constItute I espectlv~ly 17 and 1 " VvhIl:: the llullib:r of households wIth 6-7 Table 4.9 depict'. dIstnbutIOn of households membe1 S IS as hIgh as 32 In otherwords 1t by llHgratlOn status a !ong,wlth the composition of l>uggests that the majollty of the famIlies 111 lTIlI10l and adult member., and place of birth cf Reng,.unuua vIllage al e lal ge sIzed Most of the the head of household. 96 TABLE-4.9 Disiril ufon of ·housthollS' by Migration Status,and place of birth of Head of-Household and composition by sex and age status of members. (minors liP to 14, Adult 15 and above) Migration status and place of birth of head of Number of household where c0mposition by sex and age household Adult male adult Adult male/ Adult female/ Adult male Adult female Total Remarks and female male male only female only and minor and minor and minol and male/female male and, or male alld female female female ------2 :3 4 5 6 7 s 9 -_------A. Non-migrant 49 8 62 (Born in the same village) B. Migrant_ 1. Born outside the RUlal J 2 7 village in the Tehsil Urban 11. 130m within the Rural Tehsil Urban II I. Born in other Rural District of the State Urban IV. BOIn in other Rural ~tale Urban V. Other inclusive unspecified \ , Table 4.9 further reveals that among the n011- constitute the '~illg!e member hOllsehold wherein the migrdnts in case of 49 households adult male and single household belongs to migrant adult male. Of female and minor male and female members jointly the 1\\0 adult female occupants one i1> a migrant li.v,'. Among the migra1\ts who were born outside and the other a non-migrant - born outside the the villag: and are migrants withil1_ the district 4 village but from within the Tahsil. households constitute both adult male and female and th~ minor male and female m-.:mbers. The ins Table 4.10 sho\IS the di::.tribution of House ftanees of 0:1.1y adult male and female living together ound in case of only 8 households. Thi" table holds by migration status of the head of household would also show that 1 non· migrant and 2 migrants and by relationship to head. 97 TABLE-410 Household by Nature of Relation of Members ta the Head of Household and Migration Status of head of household Nature of relatIOn of members to head of Number of hOllsehold~ whele 111lgrallon household status of Head of household IS Non Il1tgtant Migrant Total Remdlk~ 2 3 4 5 ~------~- Total 62 8 70 Self 2 3 2 Self, spouse and unmarned sons dnd 26 2 28 daughter~ 3 Self, spouse, mal lied son and son'~ 6 6 Wife with or without unm:n I led son~ and daughtels 4 !'>elf, (Male) unmarncd sons 01 daughtel" 2 2 5 Sdf, ~pousc, without unmarned 7 8 son/daughter and WIdowed rathcl 6 Self (male) marned sons, son,s wlfes and son's son and daughtci and Wife'., mother 7 Sclf (female) unmrtrrled daughter, and 2 2 4 sons 8 Self, spouse, unmarlJed sor,s and 2 2 daughters \\Ith unnailled sisters and brothers and Widowed mothel 9 Self (Female) with unmarned sister'" daughtel 10 Self, spouse, unm,lflJed sons and daughters, blothels and sisters wIth marned blother. brother's Wife and WIdowed mother 11 Self spouse. rnalned son~, son's Wife and children and servant TAHLE 4.10-contd. ----_--~------_ ------2 j 4 5 12 Self (Male with married brothers, brother's wifes and brother's married $Ons and wives with brother's sons children 13 Self, spouse, married sons and son's wives and son's children with unmarried sons and daughters 14 Self, spouse with unmarried sons and daughter with unmarried si~teTs 15 Self, spouse, unmarried daughters, sons and widowed mother 16 Self, (Male) unmarried brothers and sisters with widowed mother J 7 Self, spouse with married sons and son's wives and son's children with wife's mother J 8 Self, spouse with unmarried sons and daughters sisters with widowed mother 19 Self, (Female) married daughter and daughter's sons 20 Self, ~pOllse and father's widowed sisters 21 Self, spouse, married son and son's wi fe. unmarried son with widowed mother 22 Self (male) with widowed mothe r 2 2 23 Self, spouse with widowed mother Table 4.10 further reveals that out of 70 of households with other types of members are households 62 -are non-migrant households and less than 8 which can be studied from the table, 8 are migrant households. Again of 62 nou migrant hous~holds 26 househOlds have the Table 4.11 shows the distribution .of house members where relationship wjth head js self, holds by Caste/Trjbe/Community of the head of spouse and unnllrried sons and daughters. Number household and by type of households. 99 TABU- -4.11 Djstribution of Households by Caste, Tribe, Comrullnit~- of head of housebold and type of household Numl.-er of households where head of household belongs to Remarks Type of household ------... - --_.... _- Caste Tribe Tribe Community Community Community Total Ghasi Bhumij Mahalt I~arik Bindhani Brahmin 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 - ----_--- Totul 7 79 :::! 5 6 100 I. Nuclc:H 26 2 2 3 36 2. Supplemented f'uclear 2 19 23 3. Sub-nuclear 7 9 4. Si11£le person 4 4 5. Supplemented sub-nuekar 3 (i. Collateral joint 7. Suppi..:mented collateral joint 3 3 8. Lineal joint 2 14 9. Supplemented lineal joint 4 4 10. Lineal-Collateral joint 11. Supplemented lineal collateral joint 12 Olners 3 J Of these Nuclear type, constituting a couph.: nspccb or life cych.: as observed among the with or without unmarried children exceeds all villagers of R3l1gamatia. other types. Bhumij community alone with 26 households stand alIt proll11nantly. Next type, sup Pregnancy plemented nuclear also beloning to 19 Bhllmij households are next in the heirarchy. After marriage a couple usually undertakes some pujas or ceremon) etc, connected with preg Life Cycle: nancy. Usually, pren::ltal period iii considered as 1110st hUi:ardolis period \\hen a Woman particularl) From cradle to grave thl! Bhumij of Rangamatia a newly wed concci"es. Lot of restrictions, do's and undergo rituals and rites. These events. no dOUbt. don'ts are imposed on the prospective mother a~ bring about a change in human life but each of well as on the prospective father. In this village_ these indicates a terilling experience on the life span however, in no community any specialy ritual is of a tribal. These features from cradle to grave_ observed when a wom~n conceives fc·r the first though universal in nature yet differ from place to time or in her sub-sequent psegnancy. place and still greatly differ from community to community. An attempt, ha& been made to describe Now a da)s, of course it is the Health Visitor of in detail tl1e ceremonies connected with different tlle Primary Health Centre who undertakes som~ 100 check up of the woman who has conceived. A As regards food and drinks of the new mother routine check up starts thercafter and the woman it was reported that the diet is normally unchanged. is advisetl to take some regular does of vitamins and In ease of these mothers one certainty finds some' calcium tablets etc. While the educated ones and cha_nge a~ regards food and drinks. The s;onsump those who can afford to, take the assistance of the tioll of loaf, egg, t!i:a and other drinks and bevera doctor at their residence or go to the clinics at ges like Horlicks or Viva is also growing rampant B:tripada town - the poor mainly depend on the as per the advice of town doctors and specialits. local Health Visitor. Difficult Clses are attended by The poor maidens who can't afford, depend more th~ doctor while in 110l:m:ll cases of delive_!.·y the or less on the usual gruel twice or thrice with one experienced lady in the neighbourhood assists all or two side dishes of fried 'Saag' (eatable leaves) works related to child birth. or other vegetable preparations. Restrictions and prohibitions Apart from usual restrictions imposed on the visits to funeral ground or to the house of any As a mittel' of fact no restriction as such is relatioh, polluted with the death in that family imposed on the intake of various food items by the there is no other restriction. The rituals are casual parturient. There is no restriction whatsoever which After child birth the ceremoney of 'ekusia' or twenty thwarts her food habits. Some restrictions however, first day usually takes place amidst solemn celebra are imposed with regard to her movement and par tion. The Puja and Homa and feast follows there ticip:ltion in social gatherings. As per the prevailing after. This day the child is also given a name. customs, the prospective father does not attend any The guests include the neighbours as well as the funeral rite. Similarly participation in the feasts of kinsmen including the maternal relations on the 'Sudhikriya' relating to rituals after one's death is child. While the birth of the first Cl1ild and the forbidden for the p:trturient. Taking food raw or second is considered an important event in the cooked in the house of a deceased is consIdered a family, the subsequent births are not of much im taboo both for the husband and the wife. Strict portance. measures are taken to ensure that the prospective parents do not touch a dead body. The social cus· Nowadays, of course in the socially aware toms also require either of them not to indulge in families - particularly among Bhumijs the events the killings of game birds or animals. The parturient of pregnancs, its different stages and the child birth should take precautions not to jump over a 'Pagha' are given much importance. Like the upper or rope used for the cattle. middle class families in towns, these people show much concern from the day a lady shows signs of Birth pregnancy. Consulation with doctors and the Sl>ecialits follows with routine check up. They ft may be mentioned here that the details about show utmost faithfulness in timely intake of food the life cycle, concerning the residents of Rangama and medicines. Often the husband keeps close tia are embodied in the survey report of 196]. vigil and watches with much concern, While There being hardly any change in this particular traditionally it was the elderly lady in the family or social item during the decade, it will perhaps be in the neighbourhood used to brief the young would adequate to say that the social life is little affected be mothers with 'Do's' and Dont's', now the spe during this interval of ten years. The doctor or the cialists or the attending nurse and health visitors, Health Visitor, stationed in Rangamatia Primary .regularly tutor the young mothers. They are Health Centre are now attending to many difficult advised to ward off hazards of child birth from cases of pregnancy and child birth. The villagers their mind. Unlike the poor parturient maidens are really indebt'~d to the authorities for providing who look sickly and agonising in pains and having this service. Still, the well to do who can afford constant psychological depressions, the sophisticated to and the literate rush to the specialistiSat-.Ba..ripada treatment keeps these 'would be' mothers cheerfUl Being aware of the hazards, they seldom bank on and always in good humour. One notices this glar the ill equipped but qualified doctors in the Pri ing diffence in two different families of Rangamatia. mary -Health Centre at Rangamatia. While the graduate sons of one family who are in 101 Government service can afford to consult a Gynae among all the communities of the village. Celebra cologists at Baripada the economically backward tion of 'Narta' rites 011 tde ninth day and the and ill educated sons of ano~her family have to 'Ekusia' all the twenty first day of birth removes depend on the advice of elderly lady. I n the defilemcnt of child birth respectively in Bhumij and worst case they are taken to the Primary Health Ghasi communitics. Shaving of head, washing of Centre where the Health Visitor or the ductor is house with cowdung and water and a Puja apeasing consulted. 'Oharam Debata' form part of purificatory cere mony hy Gharis. After the child birth the COnUllGll people usually take care for the new born. The upper Marriage middle class and educated families of Bhumij as well as the Brahmins (witht means), take unspea kable care. The comfort of the ehild as ""ell as The Hindus regard marriage as a sacred social that of the mother is looked with great coneerll. obligation for every individual. So far the saying New cloth ings and' Do 1i' a rocking craddle is pro that 'Sanskara' is obligatory on tIle part of all vided by the middle class people while the old indiviuuals for &tepping into the 'Grihastha Ashram' rags, used and torn clothings of the elderly melll or in ather words into the second plmse of ones bers an: usually provided for the comfort of the life. The predominant faith in religion is faithfully new born in poor and economically backward reSi followed by all the residents of this village. The dent'> of Rangamatia. Bhumij exclusively require the services of the Brahmin priest for solemnization of their marriages. The menu of the food item!'> for tbe \vomen in Besides the Brahmin, other special fUllctionary in the post delivery period are now greatly changed. the marriage is the 'Barik' or a barber. The ser The tr.lditiunal hardal drinks for 4 to 5 days, vices of Brahmin priest and Barber are considered though not completely vanished, are restricted in imperative [or solemnizatioll of the marriages of the poor and socially backward families. The aff the caste Hindus. luent residents have protinous food items including egg and mutton soup within their reach. The herbal drinks. thrice a day are not reli::.hed neither by The Bhulllij of this village ?ore said to have woman nor by the new father. The old parents been aware about four forms of marriage, viz., (i) having outdated supen;titions usually do not inter the common type of marriage which is arranged fere nor do 11<.1\ e their say over the matters concern through negotiation, (ii) 'Daw Dopa' or love ing their sons or daughter & inlaw. marriage (iii) 'Apartipi' or marriage by capture and (iv) 'Sinduri Ghesa' or marriage by compuIsioll_ As regards pollution or removal of deillement Of these, the marriage of the first form is mostly after child birth, the same age old practice::' prevail ::.alemnized in this viIIage. The sophisticated and polislled mannel' of requesting the nem: and dear pues is to address iq pplite language and to request tIle presence in social occasions. TIle Bhumijes too have learnt from their cll}tured and more civilised caste - Hindus to invite their own kim and friends by distributing marriage cards, in printed form. Usually matters are compQsed in Mundari langllage with Oriya script. This is prevalent since 1974-75 Speeiman of a marriage invitation card ATAG DARMAK KAMINEDA Chamu, Soma, Narsing Ta. 4.5.88 NIDA 8 GHA' SAMAYRE· Raibari, Gagi BARSAMPAL NIDA 12 GHA' SAMAYRE· ANADI Ta. 5.5.88 NlDA 9 GHA' JIM NUO MARANG BURU SUGALA HIRILA TEY Man Tun: : Hijutan Ta. 4.5.88 rikh Budhabar Bar Dilang Ghasiram Singh Aa Huding Hallkala • . Dulal Sri GORACHAND- (Kanka) Aa Man Tan Sri Chandra Mohan Singh Aa-Huding Hankuli .:.. Dhani GOURT La Anadi Hayuah. Inamante jigarad Aaing Aa §.albani Alate En DiJang Hi 'Seterkate Anadi Kaami leI - Sangete Naoa Judi Jambali Kin SugaHi Asirbad Arnakin-Tabupe. Eminange. Neor Nih SOMBARI BEW A (Maunsia) (GOTPIDl) ...... ~...... I i03 Marriage day Mobile fiuorc!seent tube-light processions with generator sets and music through amplifier sets On the lUarriag'~ day both the groom and the during the entire strdch 'of the tn'lrriage procession bride put on new clothings. Usually the groom is a novel thing imported from the urbanites. wears dhoti and a shirt witll a 'Chaddar', tied C.oloured bulbs and bar light tubes adore the across the body. The qride wears a new coloured' marriage pandals. Groom, nowadays is taken in Sari and another Sari known as 'Odni' wrapped well decorated citrt or rickshaw. Another noticeable on her. The groom usually comes with his friends thing is the distribution of printed 'invitation cards. and relations. A closed associate 'Lakad-dan', In Rangamatia the residents now circulate, like also in a dress similar to that of groom accompa others urban people coloured printed cards in nies him throughout. Bhumij language. They also circulate specially composed verse in printed forms which is recited Usually the groom when all paraphernalia and in the gathering. rites are over in his OW11 house, starts in a 'Sabad'. At times he is taken in a cart or cycle-rickshaw Types of marriage in the accompaniment of music and merry making of youth and children. At the end of the journey Among the Bhumij's the other forms of the young maidens with exotic and charm.ing songs marriage, besides the arranged Olle, are 'Daw lead the groom to the house of bride. The cere Dapa' or Love marriage; 'Sinduri Ghesa' or forced money of feet washing 'Gala seka' and the 'Banda marriage and 'Apartipe' or marriage by capture. pana' are usually done near the 'Vedi'. The rituals j n the former type the boy and the girl stealthily connecting with marriage, namely, 'Homa' and escape from their homes for two to three days. 'Hasta Ganthi' amidst chanting of 'Mantras' by a Oil their return they live as husband and wife 'Bamane' or Brahmin priest are done. 'Sindura though much to the resentment of the parents. Ghesa' or putting vermilion mark 011 the forehead Later on it is recognised after much hesitation of the bride concludes all religious rites ofmardage and on payment of heavy amount of bride price. Thereafter follows a fcast, 'Sital tundi' or offering The villagers are usually entertained at the house of sweetmeats to the newly-w.::d couple. Marriage of the boy. feast includes 'Handia' or the riee beer, 'Bhuja' or fried rice, 1n the 'Sinduri Ghesa' or forced type of marriage the boy usually takes a stern measure to immediately after this feast the groom r TA13LE-4.12 Amount of Marriage payment received by Household in case of marriage or Male by religion/caste/tribe and time of marriage Religion and Number of household& receiving cash or ca~h caste/tribe Less than 5 years 5 - 9 ycars 10-19 yems Payment Paymt;nt Payment Payment Payment Payment Payment Payment Payment range range range range range range range range range below below bclow 200 200 - J 000 1000,- 200 200-1000 1 OpO~, 200 200-1000 1000+ ------2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 JO All Religion 2 3 4 3 S J. Hindu Ghasi 2. Hindu Bhumij 3 4 3 6 3. Hindu Mahali 4. Hindu Barik 5. Hindu Bindhani 6. Hindu Brahmin TkBLE 4.12-conc1d. Religion and Value duri~g marriage of male helel at caste/Trihe 20-39 years 40...J- years Payment Payment Payment Payment Payment Payment range range r J 1 12 13 14 15 16 All Religion 2 1. Hindu Ghasi 2. Hindu Bhumij 2 :). Hindu Mahali 4. Hindu Barik 5. Hindu Bindhani 6. Hindu Brahmin 106 TABLE-4.J 3 Amount of Marriage payment given by Household in case of marriage of Male by religion/caste/tribe and time of marriage Rellglon and No of household which gave 111 cash or cash caste/tllbe Less than 5 yea! s 5 - 9 years 10 19 years ------Payment Payment Payment Payment Payment Payment Payment Payment Paymett lange lange lange lange range lange range range range below below below 200 200 - 1000 1000+ 100 100-1000 1000+ 200 200-JOOO 1000+ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 All religIOn 5 7 8 Hmdu Gha" Hmdu BhlllTIlJ 4 7 6 Hmdu BaTik Hmdu Bmdhanl Hmdu Brahmm TABLE 4 13- cOl1cld Value dllllng malfJage of male held at ReligIOn and 20- 39 years 40+ years cJste/tllbe Payment Payment Payment Payment Payment P.tyment range range lange lange range range below below 200 200 -1000 1000 -l- 200 200 JOOO 1000+ 11 12 11 14 15 16 All religIOn 14 Hmdu Gha~1 2 Hmdu Bhull1lj 9 Hmdu Bank Hmdu Bmdham 1 Hmdu Brahmm 107 Table 4.13 further reveals that 36 households The items of food sel ved include both 11on have given the marriage payment In case of male vegetarian and vegetarian dishes. The non-vegeta marriage. Of these 34 households have paid the rian menu "is usually Rice, Dal and Mutton while value of less than Rs. 200/- at the time of male the vegetarians menu includes Rice, Dal, Vegetable marriage. Only two households have paid in the Curry and Handia or rice beer. These arc the range of Rs. 200/- to Rs. 1,000/-. most common items in a dish at a Bhumij marriage. lhe food items in a marriage of Role of service communities or Special functionaries Brahmin resident are sure to be a vegetarian dish with rice, dal and vegetable curry. With regard to the role of the fUllctionaries at the time of marriages of male and females, the Nowadays the middle class Bhumij and the survey data shows that services of Brahmin Priests Brahmin residents who are 1I1ostly eOllsidned as are must in the marriages. Almost all the communi the rich not restr:eted with rice and vegetable ties, barring Ghasis, take the assistances of a curr} only. Superior quality of raw rice, ghee Brahmin Priest. Other two functionaries like Barber and other ingredient 'Kanika' and 'Payes'-a kind and washerman also have a lot to do at the time of milk pudding. Fish and Mutton, in some cases of the marriages, but their services :ue not consi are requisitioned from Baripada To\\n. Even the dered so mtlch essential. The services of the services of good cook are also requisitioned. Brahmins are requisitioned by these residents becaus~ they consider 'Bamane'-a Brahmin to be Thus the marriages festivities like in all othcr a Divine functionary who can perform all such _yillages or tOWll& are the social gathuings or a ritual~ in most appropriate manner. place of get-togethcl':'"-The relatives, community members, living in other villages even in distant While the Brahmins of Rangamatia act as thc places ll~llally come to attend. The Kith and Kins Priest in most of the marriagcs of the communi and the near relatives usually come two to three ties, the services of Washerman or Barber arc not days before hand and depart after all ceremonies so much of importance. For the purpose of and paraphernalias are over. Sinee it is a social pertaining. 'HoJIla' and other rites, the Brahmin gathering the relatives as well as the community usually charge ranging betwec:I1- an amount of memberss - locally known as 'Kutinr,b' or 'Bhai' Rs 4.50 to ~s. 8.00. In a handful of cases _they are attended with great care ar d reverence. Instan are paid over Rs ] 0 00 or more. The Barbars and ces of relations, staying away as far as in Tamad washermen have a meagre amount, ranging between ill Bihar are also invited and they come to attend. Rs. 3.00 and Rs. 6.00. Such is the social bound among the Bhumij of Rangamatia, narrated by the residen,. Coming to the marriages in Ghasi community it is a striking feature tQ note .that no functionary like Brahmin or Barber-even the Washerman ever Death act. All the rituals of Homa etc are conducted by It is a common belief in Hindu religion as dne of the elderl} members of own castc. well as in other religion-s that immediatelly after one's death the sou I takes its journey to other Participants in marriage feasts of Bhumij world. It is customary Ul)lOng Hind~ls to arrange family of the village include the affiaial kins and certain rites for the ~afe journey of the soul as lineage members of the same community along well as its vellfare hereafter in the Heaven. Some with the members of Brahmin and Barik commu rituals and religious rites, traditionally binding nity. For them Brahmins are treated as higher upon the comntunity are performed. Without caste in the society. The members of other performance of tllese rituals it is considered the communities residing in the village, Bindhanis, dead may not de allo\\'ed entry in Heaven. Washerman, and Ghasis are not included in their feasts. The Bariks and the Bindhanis entertain their own kith and kins as well as Brahmins and The dead, among the Boumij tribe are Bhumijs who A.re treated as higher caste by generally burried. In rar~ cases they are cremated. them. The procedlll'e and practices concerning death and 108 dispas:ll h lYe alrc:ldy b.!cn diseuss~d in the survey preul;hcrs from Bengal and Ranchi keep the mOlOgra ... h of [961. The Brahmin..;, 3indhanis missionary activities alive witl1in this far flung and Bariks lJSUfuly erell'ate their dead. Tile rituals village. to purify the pollution are p::rformed with utmost sanctity. On the expiry of Tenth day, till which Leisure and recreation: mourning continues, final cleaning ccremony is observed. They take up shaving of head, beard A d.;cade ago, the village had no recreational etc and the women members pare their nails. The centre worth the name. The schools were the only community memb::rs, p u-ticularly belonging to institutions which afforded opportunities to student same 'Gutra' also shave their head alld put on new for outdoor games. TIlere was no community 'Gamucha' after a bath. The Brahmin priest as organisation nor any public place of entertainment. well as the Rubar and Washerm:ln attending the But now things have changed with the passage of purificatory ceremony are given pieces each of time. A 'Yubak Sabha' or a youth organisation new clothing:.. The house is also cleaned after has since been organised in this village with the which all are entertained at a non-vegetarian feast. enthusiastic youths who have christened it as 'Balukeswar Kala Sangha'. The object of this Religion, Leisure and Recreation organisation is reported to be the upliftment of the village as a whole with particular emphasis on Religion: activitie:. pertaining to devlopment of art and culture of the region. With this end in view this institution of the village has been organising and B'uring the Christian residents of Rangamatia, staging at intervals plays, small drama, both in all the villagers profess Hindu J'eligion even though Oriya and Mundari languages. Over and above they worship their supreme Lord, "The Sing usual fairs and festivals are also organised. Bonga': During the past decade the Bhumij as well as the Bindhani, Mahalis, and Ghasis have developed a taste for observing the festivals of Another media, providing facilities for recrea Hindus owing to their interwoven colture contact tion of the villager is the radio which is fast with the nnjority Hindu communities of the region. becoming popular among all sections of the TheJ~hul11ij who constitute majority of the popula popUlation. The vi lIagers, irrespective of the age tion of Rallgamatia have greater atlinity and and level of education are very fond of visiting reverence for the Hindu deities even though tliey fairs and festivals. The enlightened ones of this worship the deities of their own community, village also visit the Cinema and Circus shows in namely "Hadam Budi Bonga" and "Birsa Bonga'! the neighbouring town of Baripada. At times the 'Hadam Budi BOl1ga' and 'Birsa Bonga' are the youth and students also rush to Baripada for two deities which are housed in a corner of the attending to sports, football matches and other kitchen of eVery Bhumij household. While 'Hadam recreational activities including Republic Day Budi' is worshipped once every month, 'Birsa parade etc. at Baripada town. 'Uda Parba' and Bonga' is worshipped at the time of 'Sahrai' during 'Chhow' dance performances, organised in Bari Kartik Margasir ilL Novemb::r each year. The :rada not only attract residents of Rangamatia important deity worshipped by.. the Ghasi commu village but also the residents of score of villages nity is 'Mangala Thakurani' of the village. The throng to Baripada: religion of the Mahali rcsidents as p::r Risley H.H., is a mixture of half-forgotten alllmlSlm and Leisure lime pastime also includes visits to Hinduism and is little understood. Their supreme relatives, attending to Cock-fights, folk dance and Deity is 'Marang Buru'. 'Huding Buru' is given hunting etc. The younger generation normally second position to Marang Muru in order of concentrate on varied games and plays within the importance. Rangamatia has got very few.. _Shristi village limits while the elder residents have ans who offer their regular prayers in the newly l11ultifareous recreational activities within and built church within this village. The Christian outside the village. The survey table do not speak mission: looks after the )'eligious institution located much about leisure time activities of the residents in the periphery Occassional visits of the religious as it is quite common a feature that the town 109 nearby is the focus place of all their entertain Chairman of Khunta Panchyat Samity. Subsequen ments. Hence, the male residents normally frequent tly in the y.:ar 1971 he contested from Khunta Baripada for the purpose of marketing, for consul Assembly Constitucncy but he could not be elected ting doctors desides visiting picture houses etc. to the Orissa Assembly. 'However, iu 1974 he The sight seeing around Baripada, Cock fights on was elected to thc Ass~mbly from the re-constitu the market days usually attracts the rural folks. ted K ul iance Assembly Cotmitucllcy and continued as such till 1977. Sri Singh, for his progres.<;ive The village corners, seldom beeon:e the entertain attitude and intimatt; knowledge of tribal problems mcntcentrcs when some magicians or showmen was choosen as a member in the tribal welfare visit the weekly market of Rangamatia. committee of the Orissa Assembly. Even now quite a large number of people approach him fnfluentiul and prestigious persons in the "illage. with their problems although he has long since sources of their power and prestige. ceased to be a member of the Assembly, His contributions for the development of the village In this multi-ethnic village, members of the in gcncral and the welfare of Bhumij and other Bhumij community are found to be steadily acqui tribals of the region in particular deserve recogni ring prominence in different sphere of life. The tion. With his :-ympathy and help one Kumari progress and prosperity of the Bhumij are attributed Savitri, a Bhumij girl of Rangamatia could go to the industrious habits and perseverence of aU up to B,A. standard. It was learnt during field the communities of the village. The Bhumij seem studies that Sri Singh has heen fUllctioning as a to have a very strong determination to come up sochl worker and trying his utmost for the spread the social ladder through strenuous efforts. of education alllong the tribals in this region. The Brahmins account for the lowest percen Among the prestigious persons mention may tage of the total population of the viallage. One be made of Sarba Shree Budhan Singh, Baula Sri Purna Chandra Pandey seems to be a very Singh and Kishore Singh of this village. The active and agile social worker. He has been residents of the locality seem to have high. regard elected Sarpancll of the Rangamatla Grampancha for them. One Dubaraj Singh was considered to yat and in the capacity of a Sarapanch. he seems be the chief among all. He commanded great to have cOlllpletely dedicated himself to different respect among the people. He died on ApriJ7 welfare activities undertakcn within the jurisdiction 1977. of the panchayat. His sober natlll'e and his know ledge in the tribal Jangul'ges has helped him to be Among thc Ghasis, the only influential person popular with the Bhumij, Mahalis, Kols, Santhals is Sri Bansidhar Behera who is also an elected living in and around the village of Rangamatia. member of Rangamatia Gram Panchayat. This He is well off and has been having a good social youth also appears to be an energetic and prog contact. Being an influential person he also com ressive social worker for whom the members of mands respect before the government officials and his OWll community as well as the tribals have higher authorities. great respect: The Bhumij of Rangamatia who are gradually Range of contact with outside world. developing a taste for the upliftment of their kinsmen and that of their community, are now Rangamatia by far is a tribal village constituting greatly striving to educate- themselves. In fact a S 5.36 per cent of Bhumij Schedulded Tribes of number of youths belonging to this community are its population. A handful of Ghasi, Christians found to be educated. Some of them seem to be and the Brahmins also thrive in this tribal domina taking keen interest in the politics and in the ting village. The geographical situatio~ greatly l1lachinary of government as well. One Sri Sarat shape the culture as well as social behaviour of Chandra Singh, a resident of Bholagadia (who is the residents. 1hey are not very far off from the presently residing in Rangamatia) started his poli ever changing and bustle of the town life. The tical career in 1961 when he was elected as the impact of sophisticated life style of the town 110 people has ver)' much influenced these innocolt of the bridge over the river Burhabalang. Impr~ country sidc folk. A close contact with the town vement in the communication facility, in other -nearb) has rather contributed immensely so far words has enriched this village and the residents their attitute, behaviour or the social activities are with ample knOWledge of day to day happenings. concerned_ Frequent commutation to and from round the world. Baripada has no doubt affected their social aware ness. The civilized and sophisticated urban charac Thc illiterate mass are obviously backward_ teristics and the artificial life style are very much This category of people appear S0l11eWllat sensitive ,at the threshold of this village. The range of to various machinery of government, election or contact with the outside world is obviou~lY politics only at the timc of electioneering. They widened. A resident of Rrngamatia as well as of are no doubt attracted by the pUblicity media and other adjoining villages assimilated with urban get somewhat involved. One finds the old and traits, stand out differently in different garb. Their youth taking immense intere~t when prominent manners and behaviours have greatly changed in State or Central Leader visit the area. The flow course of time. The urban traits ftowing from of neWs papers and the news bulletins in the radio _Baripada town have reached'the nook and corners certainly capture their attention. of Rangamatia Village. Similarly, the residents of Rangamatia, Jagann~ The educated residents whose number is not thpur, Badsul or Sanasul have in thc past COl1lnnl much, take keen interest in the important matters_ ting toJ3aripada town frequently. Now this visit Starting from development works of the village to to this nearby town remains no more a myth. the Panchayat election, thc election to the State The youth and children have resources at their Assembly and Parliament or choosing the Country's. disposal to make frequent trips. Some visit to Prime Minister ar~ also their concern. A few attend school or college or to attend job in offices years back a local Bhumij was elected to the State at Baripada. Therefore, it can better be said Legislative Assembly. This no doubt helped the that Baripada has been drawn nearer to Rangama residents awakening themselves in regard to tia. It has further come closer with the erection choosing the right man to run the goverenment. CHAPTER-5 CO~CLUSION A:, mentioned in the preceding chapt~rs Bamanghati sub-divisions whcft~ they number 452. :v.tayurbhanj district was an old princely State and It is also evident that 'there had been constant subsequent to lndi.l attaining indepc1dencc was pressure of population from the north into the Orissa merged with the State of Oris~a on the l<;t April. Feudatory States. The Adibasis having deforestid J 949. /\ Mljor portion about 48 per cent of almost the whole of Singhbhul11 cxcept Government the area of the district, lie in thickly wooded and forests have b~en pressing down south into Gangpur inaccessible forest region. The remaining 52 per Bonai, Keonjllar and Mayurbhanj which contain cent constitute other lands including the lands for thickly forested areas adjoining Singhbhull1. Because agricultural purposc~. of this large scale influx there was steady inflation in the regional areas. Particularly Sadar Sub In the 1971 Census Mayurbhanj district has division of Mayurbhunj di&trict was the centre of heen returned with a total number of 3,982 great attraction, Baripada, the district headquar villages including 270 un-inhabited villages, Where ters and the only commrcial centre of the district as in 1981 Census there are 3,989 villages which with a net work of commercial facilities, was most includes 260 un-inhabited villages. Out of suitable for the incoming migrants, They thus 1,434,200 persons of the entire' district recorded scattered wd I in LO the various directions. They during 1971 Census a total number of 1,394,249 illvaded the Similipals and many other virgin lands person" or as much as 97.21 per cent concentrate and settled in with the occupation of cultivation in the rural areas of the district. As per 1n 1 and allied forest works. The Bhumij, Mundas, Census the population of the district i::. 1 581,873 Kols and Salltals and some of the scheduled caste out of which 1491, 3 3 5 persons are residing in people considered the hill tops, the forest and the rural areas. The rural population of Baripada plains of Mayurbhanj district to be ideal place for Police Station increased [rom 55,696 in 1971 to their habitation. The Sadar sub-division of the 57,104 during 19 X1. Rangalllatia is a revenue district and particularly the Similipals are the rcal village having its own entity. It is largely a tribal abode of the immigrant aborigines. village-the Bhumija are numerically the predomi nant community (85.36 per cent). Othcr com The ~tatistics further reveal that Rangamatia munites include the Brahmins, the Ghasi<:, the village had a population of 705 persons at the Bindhanis, the Bariks and Mahalj'5. Census count of 1951. It had paltry 10 literates which accunted for].42 percent of the population. It has also been revealed that the majority of In the subsequent Census in 1961 the population the residents of Rangamatia are not immigrants. of the village no doubt registered a growth of \tfohammed Laeequiddin has stated in Mayurbhanj 21.42 per cent yet the literacy rate had not Census Report of 1931 that. In all. people inproved. Only 58 persons were recorded as belonging to some 85 Castes or Tribes have come in literates which in other words was a meagre 6.78 earlier generation to Mayurbhanj from Singhbhum. per cent of the village population. This was More prominent among them are kol (8,147) G.:tura perhaps due to their back-wardness and lack of (1,768) and the santa Is (1,36j). He fnrtherstated sufficient implementation. The tribal communities that the Bhumij are next in order of number with did not show much interest in education. But, in 959 souls, enumerated in 1931 Census. Like the t he next decade i e. 1961-7 1 the Bhumij showed Santals the Bhumij are also confined to Sadar and encouraging results. In the 1971 Census while 112 the decadal growth wa~ recorded at 12.62 per about thc use of cosmetics and lUXury goods like cent, the literacy rate for Rangamatia touched photographic camera or a petromnx. Now the almost 20 per cent of the village population. picture in Rcngamatia is entirely different. It Rangamatia is HOW passing throug]l transition. It now zooms with soft 1111lSic from out of a 'Two in has in its list of achievements, a couple of gra one' transistor set. Tl~c Bhumij youth puts on duates. During the field study it was reported much &ophisticated 'trollsers' ~Illd 'safari' and also that a girl after completing intermediate in Arts very commonly use transistors and wrist watches. had been admitted in a collage at Baripada for The use of cosmetics and toilets by the residc;Jlts B.A. is common. They youths go mad after the finer fabrics and thc girl:,; have great craze for art silk The growth of population of the viJlaQc saris. The grown up males instead of their Traditi Rangamatia during the decade 197 1-g 1 is mark;d onal 'Pate- Bhagua', now prefer superior fabrics. a trend of increase with the growth of literacy rate. Equally, the chemical fertilizer and pesticides are It is evident that the growth of population has now at the very threshold of their doors. They now gone up fronl 12.62 per cent to 19.40 per cent prefer high yield varieties of seeds for better crop. whereas the literacy rate has changed from ] 9 19 Cultivation of potato, onions and wheat is now per cent to 23.20 per cent which indicates their being preferred by the Bhumij. encouraging propensity towards educatiol1. The construction of the bridge over river It can be asserted that the residents of Ranga Budhabalang is a land mark in the development matia are 110t very far away from the political of Rangamatia. This really -bridged the gap arena. The influcnce of the leaders ;111d politiciat1S between urban culture prevailing in Baripada and who occasiollally pay visits to this village and the the tribal culture across Budhabalang. The process nearby town greatly aggravate their political of change is quite fast. The rustics. it appears temperament. Recently they revolted against the drc being sVlayed away with the social change consolidation operatioll. Agitating against some around and particularly the impact of the nearby defects in the consolidation operation the violent urban centre has greatly affected the life of the mob of Rangamatia were hushed up with bang of villagers. This process of change is greatly marked firing by the police authorities in 1974. There in the decade 196 1 7 1 as the social awakening was lot of exploitation of the innocents by the and then' -craze for fashionable costumes and other politicians. There was also murmuring against consumer goods went sky high. The frequent the rastrictions imposed 011 free payment into the visits to the door steps of modern and fashionable Similipal forest, now being taken up under 'Tiger departmental stores, dressers and clothers have Praojeci". Besides all thcse, there is not much enlightened the tribals and rural youths ill making exploitation of the i11nocent looking and ba;)kward use of modern and sophistioated luxury articles. communities of Rangamatia. However the village The mini bus service twice a day has resulted in Rangamatia is showing sings of change: Definitely morc frequent visits by the villagers to Baripada they prefer to welcome the fast developing social town. Their constant commutation to Baripada change around them. Their culture contact and town affords lot of opportunities of seeing and thc impacl of the urban influence greatly mould Ineeting varied types of people in their sophisticated the residents in general and the middle class attire. The import of urban cunure as well as Bhumij tribes in particular. They are more their frequent visit to Baripada town have not only forward looking Though various changes with raised the level of developmel11 but also braught impact of modern touch are marked during about a good deal of social change. Visits to survey period they are yet to cast aside the ether nearby towns like Baleshwar and l_;dnla also traditional habits in connection with marriage and promote social awarellees. religious aspects. ,Their taste for sophisticated life, influenced by education and secondly by their A 4ecade back, the Bhumij youth or a MallaH better social status, has largely contributed to their lad had hardly sccp any radio set or Jwd any ide; - social awakening. APPENDIX-I SURVEY TABLES 1 14 TABLE- Distribution of Population by Age .. Se). and Relahonslllp to head of 115 household where the head is male -~ )973 sun,e~ related to h~ad of homchold _ ...... _-++->__.-.--"~_..--.h_... ~~_ ...• ~. ___ ~. ______.~ __ •. ~ ______,_~~ __~ __ ..____ • ____ .• __ _._ ~ ______,,______. ___ . _._ .... ___ ~--.--.--'-_~ ____ . _~ _____ ._,....._ ._~ .. ~ __ Daugh- Brother's Son's Brother's Fother':.: Son's Wife",\ Datl~h· Brot!hcr" ~ L nrc Tot:1 I tcr's son son son's sister dUl.lgh- mother tcr\ d~wgh~ers lakd son wife tcr\ daughter SI!f\ ~lll femail: 14 .15 16 17 18 19 20 21 11 5 14 1& 4 505 ,,, 12 , .. 1..J.6 'l 4 59 1- 74 1 1J9 61 ". 1 3 1 16 Distributi~m of population by age, sex and relationship to h~ad of household where head is female-1973 sar'ey Number of persons who are related to Iwad of household Age Head ot the Household Son Sons wife DaughteL Daughtel's Daughter's !':llstel's Total Remalks household Son Son's wife Daughter 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 I 1 -- - -~- All ages 12 5 7 6 94 0-9 3 5 10- 14 2 2 5 15-24 1 2 2 7 25--14 4 2 4~-59 5 1 6 60-+ 3 3 Age not stdted 1 17 TABLE- J Distribution of Household and Population by Religion:Caste/Trile/Community ani Sex-1913 survey Caste/Tribe/Community Caste/Tribe/Community Caste/Tribe Community Religion Caste-Ghasi Tribe-Bhumij Tribe-Mahali ------House Male Famale House Male Female House- Male Female hold hold hold --_ -- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 All RC'ligiun 7 22 21 79 193 273 2 3 Christian Hindu 7 ,., 2J 78 192 236 2 3 Caste/Tribe/Communi ly Caste-Tribe!Col11mnnity Caste Tribe Community COl11munity- Barik Community-Bindhani Community -Brahmin Total ------_--- ._------~------Household Male Female Household Male Female Household Male Female Household Male Female ----- 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 ------:2 5 5 5 14 15 6 11 I 1 100 247 292 1 :2 5 5 5 14 IS 6 I 1 1 1 99 246 291 118 TABLE-4 Distributi()n of Houset.old by distance of place of Birth of Head of house~old-1973 s\lrn~y Same O,her village in the Same Same District but Others District of the Other State Other Remarks village Tahsil within Distance of otber Tahasil State Country Less than 5-9krns. 10 +kms. Within 10+ and Within 20 -I- kms. Within 50+kms. 5 kms. 10 kms. above Distance 50 kms. of 20 kms. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 l2 62 4 2 J 19 TABLE-5 Distribution of Household by Number of 2\lcmners and Age of head of household 1973 suryey ----- ::-.lumber of households having members ------Age of head of Single 2 3 4 5 6-7 8-9 10-12 13 & abo\e Total Household 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 -- - --~- Below 20 20-29 2 1 2 -t 10 30 39 2 1 4 2 9 2 20 40- 49 2 3 9 4 12 3 2- 36 50-59 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 1 23 60 and above 2 4 3 1 11 Unspecified Total 4 6 11 17 15 32 7 6 2 100 -~ 120 TABLE-6 Distribution of household by number of members a,nd by migration status and last't'esidence of head of household-1973 survey NQmber of household having members Migration Status and last Single 2-5 6-10 11 and abpve Total Remarks lesidcnce of head of household 2 3 4 5 6 7 ---_---- A-Non-migranl-Boln in the village including those who does not have place of last residence. 1 26 28 3 58 B-Migrant-I-Last residence out Side !!,e village but in the same TaMasi!. Runil 5 2 8 Urban J 2 11 Other Tahasil of the Di~trict Rural 1 Urban In Other District of the State Rural Urban IV Other State I. Bihar V Unspecified Distribution of hOtlseholds by Kumber of Members and Mj~ration status of bead of households and last residence and duration of stay of any member of the household ,,110 bas stayed the longest in the present residence-1973 suney " Miglalion statu" of head of Migrant Number of members Non-migrant Last residence in rural area and dlllation of residence (Year) Less then 1-5 6-10 11-20 21+ Total 1 Year Years Years Years Years 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ------~------Single 2-5 26 2 3 6 6-10 28 3 3 11 and above 3 Total 58 2 7 10. household and duration of stay ------. Migrants Last residance in urban area and duration of residance {Year) Other Less then 1-5 6-10 11-20 21+ Total Unspecified Remarks I Year Yeors Years Years Years ------~- 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 -~~- - r..------ 1 -_ 1 2 122 TABLE-8 Distrihution of households by type and Educational Level of head of housellold-1973 survey Nutuber of house!nlds where educational level of head of household is Type of h:>~B;!h:>IJs lIliter,uc LiteraL! BeioN PC!mlry MiddJe Matricu- Non-tech- Technical Degree Total Remarks without Primary Jation or nical diplo- diploma and educa Higher fila or eerti- and certi- above tional Secondary ficate not ficate not level* equal to equal to degree degree 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 - _------Total 70 10 11 5 100 Nuclear 28 4 3 36 Supplemented·· "p nuclear 12 2 4 2 2 _:J Sub nuclear 8 9 Single-Person 3 4 Supplemented - .Sub nuclear 2 1 :; Collateral joint Supplemented Collateral joint 2 1 3 Lineal joint J 0 2 2 14 Supplemented lineal joint 2 2 4 Lineal Collateral joint Supplemen ted lineal Collateral joint Others 2 1 3 '::rnclude figures~or edu.::ational levels not classifiable. 123 TABLE-9 Distribution of households b~' t~'pe and marital status of head of housenoJd - 1973 sliney ------~------Number of households where m:Jrital status of head of household is ------~------Type of Never Currently household married married Widowed Deserted Dharced Unspecified Total Remarks ---- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ------Total 6 80 12 2 100 1. Nuclear 36 36 .,~ 2. Supplemented l1uckar 21 2 -~ 3. Sub nuclear 2 4 2 9 4. Single person 2 4- 5. Supplemented Sub nuclear 3 6. Colloteral joint 7. Supplemented Collateral :2 3 joint 8. Leneal joint 1-1 14 9. Supplemented lineal joint 4 4 10. Lineal-Collateral joint 11- Supplemented lineal Collateral joint 12. Others 2 3 ------' ---, ------1~4 TABLE-lO Number of persons by Age, Sex and Study in Educational Institution by Sch~dulcd Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Others-1973 survey Total NUll1b~r studlng N(1~ber not studing Name of Caste or ------Tribe or Community Males Females Males Females Males Females Other Caste Age Remarks 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total 139 173 27 9 112 164 Ghasi (S.C.) 5-9 3 3 3 3 10-14 6 3 6 3 15;.-19 1 L 20-24 25+ 5 7 5 7 Bhumij (S.T.) 5-9 16 2l I 1 4 5 17 10-14 14 23 9 5 5 18 15-19 15 8 6 9 8 20--24 7 14 7 14 25+ 64 77 64 Ti.. Rarik 5--9 2 2 10-14 15-19 -20-24 :?5+ 1 Bindbani 5-9 1 3 3 10-14 15-19 2 2 20-24 1 -l 1 25+ 2 3 2 3 125 TABLE 1 O-Concld. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Brahmin 5--9 1 10-14 1 15-19 ;:1)-24 2 3 2 3 126 TABLE~ Distributiou of Population by Ag~, ------~ -_------Age and Sex Educationa! level Total number Total No. of ------~ of males of females of 5-9 10-14 all ages all ages above 5 above 5 Males Females Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total 216 247 34 41 28 36 Illiterate 112 225 18 33 1 t 30 Literal.: without cducatiol'lat level':' 54 _ 15 16 8 II 5 Primary 18 4 6 Middle 26 3 3 Matriculation or Higher Secondary 4 Non-technical diploma or certificate not equal to degree Technical diploma or certificate not equ,,\ to degree Graduate ~md above 1 ------___ ~'Jnc1udes figures for educ"lionallevels not classifiable. 127 11 ;O)n and Educational Icycl-1973 suney Age and Sex ::-'0-24 25-34 35-49 50+ Remarks ).fales Females Males Females ::'.1ales Females Males Females 1\1,1lC$ Females -~------~------~------8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 _-- _---- 26 22 4.)1 ' 20 38 39 49 46 28 43 8 19 6 17 19 38 32 45 18 ·B 4 2 4 13 7 2 2. 3 3 3 II 3 2. 8 1 1 ------128 TABLE- Distribution of population b~ Broad Age-group, SC:'I.. Religioll, Educational level ------*Leterate without Castel educational tribe/ Broad "I <" ",I Illiterate level Religion Communil)' Age-grout' ------~--_ ------_-____....._ ----- Male" Female,. IVlales Females :,\1 ales Females --- 2 .>~ 4 5 6 7 8 9 -_-- All Religion~ 216 247 112 225 54 J 5 Christian Bhumij 5-14 (S.T.) 15-59 1 60 -+ H:ndll Bhumij 5-14 43 61 14 47 22 13 (S.T.) 15-59 121 121 62 113 24 2 60-, 5 15 4 15 Ghasi 5-14 11 7 10 7 (S.C.) 15-59 8 8 7 8 '0+ 2 4 4 Bindhani 5-14 4 4 4 4 IS-59 5 8 4 8 60+ 1 Mahali 5 -14 1 (S.T.) 15-59 1 60+ 1 Brahmin 5-14 3 2 2 2 15--59 7 8 8 3 60+ Barik 5-14 1 2 1 '""- IS-59 3 2 2 60+ ------_ dtJnc}udcs figures for edtlcalionallevel not classifiable 129 Caste or l-ribc or Commullit~- and educational l,ne\---1973 suney ------.--_._._---_...... ------.... _.---....__ ._------Erlm::ational LC'l.d •• T ------. __ ••• ~_ •• ___ L ___ .~_"__~. ~ __._~ __ • ______• __ , "_.,' ___•• ___ • Non ~tcchnicn 1 technical ,Me tricl1la . diploma or diploma l'l' tion or Ccrtifica te Certificate (.JJ'3duatc Higher not equal to not cqu.ll tc' ,illd Prim~H) Middle Secondar~ degree tlegree abo \'C -----.. ------.. -~ .. ------R~nlur":.;. Males F.:mak~ Males Fcm IX 26 4 , 10 19 , 3 130 TABLE--i .) Di~tribution of C:><;1esITrii1es/ h~~ Aycrage ('ducational 5.cor(' per head [Age ~+ J-1973 suney ------, ~~------Average per Head educational score Caste/Tribe / Community Total Male Female Remark~ 1 2 3 4 5 Ghasi (S.C) 0.13 0.24 Bhllmij (S.T.) 0.46 082 0.15 Mahali (S.T.) Barik 0.38 0.75 Bindhuni 0.09 0.22 Brahmin 0.65 1.30 1'1 TABLE- 14 Distribution of Households by occupation of Head of household and A\erage educat;o:lal Scorc-1973 sliney ------~--- Avclage educational SCOtc ~------~ --- Occupation of head Population Per tead per household of househOld Numb.:r of -. - - --~ -_------~-~- ---~---~- N.C.O 2 digit households Total Mal.: F.:male Total Male Female 1lltal Male Female ---~- 2 .3 4 :- 6 7 8 l) 10 1 J Total 100 463 216 247 Cultivation-61 63 319 152 167 0.47 0.82 0.15 2 ..,7 1.97 0.40 Daily labourer-9':! 18 71 31 40 0.15 0.29 0.05 0.61 0.50 0.11 Priest-I 9 2 9 5 4 0.78 1.40 3.50 3.50 .., Black Smith-83 :2 14 0.14 0.29 1.00 LOO 5 . Teacher Ship-IS 3 9 4 1.89 3.20 0.25 5.67 5.33 0.33 Barber Hair Ctltling-~6 4 1 .3 Agricultme labourer-63 9 30 C 18 0.\.:\ 0.25 0.06 0.44 0.33 0.11 Basket Maker-94 5 2 3 Non worker (Beggar) 2 1 1 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 ~------TABLE -J5 Distributiolil of households by Caste/Tribe/Community and Average educatiollal scorc-1973 survey Average educational seore ------_ _----- Caste,Tnbej "'lo. 01 Population Per head Per househ.old Commumity hl)us~bolds ------~------Total Male Female Total Male Female Tota Male Female ~ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 J 0 I 1 12 Ghasi (S.c.) 7 40 21 J 9 O. I 3 0.24 0.71 0.7 J BhuI111J (S.T.) 79 368 170 198 0.46 0.82 0.15 2 1-1 I. 77 0.37 ;Vlahah (S.T.) 5 2 3 Barika 2 8 4 4 0.38 0.75 1.50 1.50 BinUh:mi 5 22 9 13 0.09 0 . .22 0.40 0.40 Brahmin 6 10 10 10 065 1.90 2. J 7 2.17 Total 100 463 216 247 133 TABLE-I 6 Distritmtim1 of hGuseltonds by Type and Average educational score-t973 survey .c\\erage eJucational score ------_ ___ M ______- Population Per-head Per household :-;)0. of ------_------Type of household household Total ]\[ale Female Total Male Female Total .Male Female 2 4 5 0 7 & 9 10 If " --- -_------ l. Nuclear J6 136 70 66 0.36 0.66 ().05 1.36 1.28 0.08 -, '>upplclllcnteLl llu,iCdr .... ~ r 16 49 67 0045 u.82 0.18 2.20 1.74 0.52 3. Sub nueled I 9 26 12 14 0.31 0.S8 ().07 0.89 0.78 0.11 4. Single pe"oll ~ -t 3 1.25 5.00 1.25 1.25 5. Suppelell1cl1ted <;ubnuclear 1-1 6 8 6 Collal~l aJ Joint 8 5 3 0.75 1.20 6.00 6.00 7. Suppkmenled c.:OIJ,H~tal Jomt 23 11 12 0.78 1.09 0.50 6.00 -t.OO 2.00 S Lineal Jo;nt 1-1 100 47 53 0.32. o (J6 0.02 2.28 2.21 00.7 , 9. Supplemented Jll1C81 Joint ~ 26 11 IS 0.73 1.1 S O.-J.O -L75 315 1.50 10 Lincal-Coilatcldl JOll1l 11. Supplemented lineal coBalclal ... Joint 12. Olhel, 10 4 6 \) ~O 0.75 1.00 1.00 Total 100 -163 216 2-17 134 TABlE- 17 Distribution of Households by l\ligration status by Place of Last Resid(,Jlce of head of housdboldsad Arerage :Ed\l~ati~mal Score-1973 Suney. A \'erage educational score ._ ~------No of Population Per head Per household Migration ~taluS by household ------~ ------..----- plaee of hN re&iden,::c Total MnJe Fel1lnle Total Mule Femaic Total Male Female 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 A-Ne'll Migrant 51> 270 119 15 I 0.31 0.6'2 0.07 1.45 1.28 0.17 B-Migrant-I-l.a,t R R 27 12 15 0,33 0.67 0.07 1.13 1.00 0.13 Jesidence out sid.:: the village but in the sam\:: tahasil G 2 6 4 2. 2.00 3,00 6.00 6.00 lI-Other taha.,!ls of the R 7 -' 4 District lJ - Ill-Other Di,tl'ict" of the R State U lV_-Othel Slale R 2 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 (i) Bihar l, To:al 70 3.l-':!" 139 173 _------_- ~ .3 5 TA.BLE-IS Distance of place of Birth o~· head of household [mill the rillage and ,Arcrage per head EducaHot.al Score-B13 sun'ey Average per head educational score Distance of place of birth from the Village (km.) Total Male Female 2 3 4 5 Same villilge 0.29 0.32 o-··J. 1.25 2.50 5-9 10-14 15-19 20--29 30+ 0.50 0.50 TABLE· KUOllmedge of subsidiar~' language IUUIt Speakers of Oriya Melher Numbel t('~e Tota} Male Female Total Male Female 2 4 5 6 7 Oriya 36 17 " Hindt "Bengali 2 1 Mundan 117 145 177 101' 69 Bindhani 11 s 3 3 Total 312 139 173 19 a)erage educational score-I373 sun e~ ------SUbSldJar) languages Otiya Mundari A\eUige education'll A ,ernge educatlOna I Rcmmk", score Number score ---_,.------~---- ~ ------_-- Total Male ECl11dle Total Male Female Total Male f"emak 9 10 J 1 12 13 14 15 16 J7 27 14 13 0.07 0.14 200 2.00 050 I 00 0.54 080 o 16 8 3 5 TABLE-20 Distribution of Ml.IIU Course Ie, elf Class Age group Nnmber of students Quartile ------._- division Pel son, Male Female Rel110rks _..1..1 ____ , 2 _) 4 5 6 ---- Pre· Primal') 5-9 15 11 4 10-14 9 5 4 15- 19 20+ Primar~ 5-9 JO- 14 4 3 15-19 20-' Middle 5-9 10-14 2 2 15-19 5 5 20 T 1--10 TABLE- Distribution of workers and 11011-\\ orkers by migration status \lith reference to 0- 14 15- 19 ------~--- Migrant Status Workers Non-work'ers Workers With referen\:e ------_. 10 last residence Total Male Female Total ;\191c Fem,llc Total Male Female ., 2 3 4 5 () 8 9 10 Total G 4 2 150 62 88 13-1 91 43 A-Non Migrant: - Born in the Village including those who do not have place of last residence R 6 4 2 143 59 84 98 83 15 U .. , B-Migrant :- Last residence outside the village but in the ~amc Tahasil R 2 2. 30 3 27 u 2 4 4 n Other Tahasil of the District R 1 2 2 U III Other District of the State R U lV Other Stale (i) Bihar R U (ii) West Bengal R U V Unspecified 141 21 last residence, broad Age-group and Se'\'"-1973 survey 15-19 60+ Non-workers workers Non-work.ers Remark" Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Pemale ------II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 69 6 63 4 2 10 10 20 5 15 2 - 2 2 42 41 :2 7 7 4 4 .. ( 2 2 ]"{2 TABLE- Workers and ~on-workers 11)' Mother-Tong"(' Educational Level ------_ Mothn Total Illiterate tongue ------~------Workers Non-~\orker" Worl,ers Non-workers ------_------T M F T M F T M F T M F 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total 144 97 47 229 68 IiI 108 (;2 46 ]97 45 152 Ben£ali 2 '9indhani 4 2 2 10 3 7 4 2 .<." 10 3 7 J Mundari 123 85 38 183 51 132 89 52 37 ]52 29 123 4 Hindi 5 Oriya 16 9 ~7 34 13 21 15 8 7 34 13 2t 1-l3 22 Sex and Educatioual Leycl-1973 survey Educational Level Literate without educational level Primary Middle ------Workers Non-workers Workers N 011- workers Workers Non-workers ------_-- ---~------T M F T M F T ]VI F T M F T M F T M F ------_--- 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2t 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 20 19 19 11 8 8 8 6 5 5 5 7 7 19 18 19 I J 7 7 5 4 5 5 7 7 1 TABLE- \1'orkers and "Non- irorkcrs.by Mother-Tongule Educational Leyel Matriclllation or Higher Secondary Non ,technical Diploma or Certificate not equal to degree "orkers Non-Workers Workers Non-workers T M F T M F T M F T M F 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 Total 2 2 Bengali 2 .8indhani 3 Mondall 2 2 ... 4 Piudi 5 Oriya 145 Sex and Etlucational LeH·,:-1973 sliney Educational Level Technical diploma or certificate not equal to dcgret: Graduate and above Rcmarks. Workers Non-workers Workers Non-'Nor\"crs T M F T M F T M F T M F 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 5 \ 52 53 54 55 56 1 146 TABLE Emplo~·"n('nt status of \\ orkers by Employments SldW, ReligIon Employer Employee Smgle \., orkcl Per<;ons '.fales Fema}es Person, Persons Males Females 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Hindu 2 16 4 14- 23 Religion 1973 sllne~ Edu(...!tlOndJ Statu:; Emplo)ee of the Self emplo)cd Self employed Familv WOI ]..CI agnCtlltunsts agricultun~ ts Rem.lr].., Person, Males i-cmalc' Pcrsons Males Females Person'; Male, Fem:.1les J 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 G 3 3 2"' 25 7 6 14::- TABLE- EmpJoyincnt statUi> uf wlJl'hrs by Caste! EmpJO)'l11<;')1l Status Caste/Tribe! Employer Employee Single Worke r Community -- --_ ---... -- Persons M"lles Fema!e~ Persom Mares Fe'1ale s Persol1~ Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 .J 0 Total 2 :2 16 11 4 Gha~i (S.C.) Bhumij (S.T.) 2 2 I 1 7 4 Mahali (S.T.) Barik Bindhani Br.lhmin 3 3 149 24 Tribe or C.mnt.nity-1973 surrer Employment Status ------~------Self employed E:npbyee of the S~lf Rema;ks Family Worker agriculturists employed agricll!turi~ts ------.~- Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons :\[a!es Females ------_------II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ------~ 6 3 3 25 25 -7 6 3 3 22 22 4 3 4 2 2 2 2 -151 TABLE 25 Occupation and distance from place of work-1973 survey. Number of lVorkers wluse place of lVork Oc;;upJtion ----~ ------N. C.O. Less than 1-2 3 -5 6-10 It-f5 16-25 26 Rei la"ks .2 digits I Km. Kms. Kms. KillS Krns. Kms . KillS. 2 3 4 5 Ii 7 S 9 Tota! 30 10 3 7 .2 4 Teacher U P. School 15 .2 Religious worwer" (Priest) 19 2 1 Sarpanch, Panchayal 20 4 Contractor 24 1 5 Peon. R. J. Office 35 6 Kerosine Retail dealer 143 1 7 Cultivation 61 13 9 2 8 Agricultural labourer 6.1 3 3 9 Muri Pre- paration 77 10 Black smith 83 J} Cycle repair 84 12 Basket weaver 94 4 J 3 Daily labourer 3 .2 4 ------152 lABLE- l\'umbel' of 'I oTters seeJ-ing emplo~JTIent py i'laturc of Occupation and 'Number Seeking employment Total number N.C.O. of \\OfherS Emplo)cr Employee Occupatil'!\ ------_... _--- categor:_;' Persons Mules Females Persons Males .Females Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Total 57 49 11 3 Saraparc 1. P;Jllchayat 20 KcrO;,IIlt:. Retail denlt~l 43 Muri perpnmtion 77 BL1ck Smirh 83 1- 'C~1 __ 1 "... PI kst 1 <)0 2 2 Rond Contrnctol 241 Peon (R.G) 358 Cllltha!ion 6] 0 25 2~ Agricllhma1 Labourcl 630 7 6 C)cle rerairjj~g 845 4 2 2 11 7 4 9 6 3 153 26 by Employment Statlls of present work -1973 surYcy ------by employmcn t Status category ___ .-...L. ______>0-__ Single Family Self employed Employee of the self Remakers Workcls Workers ogricultarists employed agricultarist ------_ ---_------..------Persom Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 'Persons Males Females ---~- --~ --~------1 I 12 13 14 15 Hi 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ----~ ------' -_ 2 '2 4 2 2 6 6 5 "I- 1 6 6 5 4 1 4 2 2 154 TABLE- _:\lumber of workers seeking employment by All workers 0-14 15 - 24 Nature of ------_... ------_ Industry Seeking Seeking Seeking N.T.C. WOIkers Employment Workers Employment Workers Employment --_------_.. _------_._- _----- P M F P M F P M F P M F P M F P M F 2 5 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Total 25 J 8 7 J 8 13 5 2 2 2 2 Daily labouro::r J 1 '''1 4 9 6 3 Murli ..!!laking '" .... ":...... :zt Basket making 4 2 2 4 2 2 Black smith Bicycle reparining Construction of road 1 Sabai rope Government service 2 2 Teachership 1 ... , Priest 2 2 1 155 '27 Nature of Establishment and age-group- 1973 sur\'(~y 25-34 35-49 50, Seeking Seeking Seeking Workers Employmc)1t 'Vorkers Employment Workers Employmen 1 Remarks. p M T p M p M I- p M F p M F I' M F ------20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 39 37 38 12 10 2 8 7 4 4 5 2 3 2 1 4 3 2 2 5 2 3 5 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 ------156 'fABLE-28 HouseilOld Default con'iistency by Sex in enrolling children in School as related t. educational level Caste or Tribe or ComIllunit~r ofti!ead of household (if both male and female children of, School going age are not enrolled in School it may be termed as default consistency)-1913 survey Number of Number of households showing default consistency by Sex where educational households level of head of hou~ehold is Castel fribe with both Community male and Illiterate Literate* Prinfary Middle Matric Non -Techni- Techntcal Graduate of head of female without or Higher cal diploma diploma or and Remarl; household children of educational Secondary or Certificate Certificate above School level not equal to not equal going age degree to degree 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ------__ Total 20 ]0 Ghasi (S.C) 4 4 Bhumij (S.T) 15 5 Bindhani 1 Note-'~ Includes figures for educational levels not c1as~ifiable. 157 TABLE-2!J Household Default inconsistency by sex in enrolling children in Scllool as related to eaue~tiollal level a:ld Caste or Tribe or Community to hefld of housebold (if all male children of School goin~ age enrolled in Sdlf}ol b!lt n&t female chHdren it may be termed as default in consistency)-1973 survey. ------Caste/Tribe Number of Number of households showmg default inconsistency by sex where educational Community hous- level of head of household IS of head of holds household with botk llJitelate Llterate* Primary Middle Matricu- Non Technical Te;;hnical Gradu.lte male and without lution or diploma or diploma or aad Re.nurk: female educational Higher Certificate Certificate above children level Secondory not equal to Not equal of School degree to degree goin!,; age 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II Total 20 4 2 Ghasi (S,C) 4 Bbumij (S.T) 15 4 2 Bindhani :~ Includes figures for educational level not elassifiahle. 158 TABLE- Reason for non-ellr.lment of children in school by ------_._ ------ "OJ;cupation Number of households No. of households No. of households where there of llead where there are male where there are both are both male and female of house and female children male and female children of school going age bold of school going age_ children and are and male children are sent both not sent to to school and not female school children 5-14 Male Female Both male Reason-l Reason-2 Reason-I Reason-2 Reason-3 children childred and female monetary too young poverty too young difficult only only children problem to attend to ,attend to get a the school the.school bride groom ------~ ------~_ 'I 2 3 4 5 6 7 R 9 ------ Total 14 16 20 10 2 3 ~r , Cultivators 12 10 13 4 2 3 Agricultural .. labourers 2 ~- ... Daily labourers 1 3 5 4 Hair cutting Black smith 1 1 159 30 Occupation of head of household-1973 survey No. of households Number of households Number of households where where there are both where there are only there are only female children male and female male children of school of school going age and they children of school going age and they are are not sent to school going age but only not sent to school because of female children are because of sent to school and not male children for ------Reason 1 Reason 2 Reason 3 Rea- O.11y Culti- Not Fin~n- ).fot Diffi- Too young To look Dames tic son -1 to vation wiIl- cial willing cult to attend after work finan- keep ing to prob- to go to to get the school the cial the attend lern school a lite- children trouble cows the rate and school hus- see band the children 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 -~---- - 4 10 2 1 4 1 2 3 1 160 TABLE- Age at marriage as related to distance of place of ---- - ....,_-- ~Djstance Average age at Number of males married at the age of place marriage of male/ --~-__.------__'------of birth female Below (in kms) ------JO 10-12 13- 15 16-18 19-21 22- 24 25-29 30 - 44 35+ years Male Female years years years years years years yel!rs years )1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 JO. 12 0-5 2:< 16 5 10 9 10 6-10 17 11-20 18 17 21-50 17 51+ 22 14 10 Total 6 10 10 ~ ------161 " I Birth from the "mage - 1973 survey Number of femaJe~ married at the age Below 10 10-12 13- 15 16· 18 19· -21 22-24 25-29 30-34 35 + years years years years years years years years years 13 14 15 ]6 17 18 19 20 21 ----, -- - 2 6 2 5 9 2 1 2 1 2 3 3 8 162 TABLE-32 Households \\ho<.,e close family mem[)crs al e staying outside by Religion and Caste/Tribe/Community aDd State of Origin of head of household -1973 survey RelIgIOn and Total numbeL Number of households whose faml!) mem.ers are staYlllg outside and \, here the Caste/Tn.e/ of hou'ieholds State of Ongm of head of household belongs to CommunIty S''lte 1 Statc 2 3 4 Hmdu BhuITIlja (ST) 14 14 Hmdu BmdPanI Hmdu Ghasl (SC) Chllstldn Bhul11lja (ST) Total 17 17 TABLE-33 Hou.. ehold wbo~e "'Iose family members are staying outside by Religion and caste or tribe or community and place of last residence of head of household-1973 survey ReligIOn and Caste Total number NumbeL of households whose family members are staym8 outside and or Tnbe or of households where place of last residence of head of household IS Commumty Same Village Wlthm the Outside the OutsIde Remarks Dls'nct Dlstnct within the State the State - __- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ------Hmdu, BhumlJ (S T) 14 11 3 Hmdu, Bmdham Hmdu, Ghasl (S C) ClmstJan, Bhumlja (S.T) Total 17 14 3 163 TkBLE-34 Households "hose family members are st:.~yjng outside by Religion and caste/tribe! community and" lJOse head of househ~lds are in occupational, Category N.C.O,.2...digjt-1973 sun-cy . .; Number of households whose member are stay~ outside and whose Religion and Number head belongs to Caste/ribet of Community Households Occupatio.-l Occupation- 2 Occupat io_n- 3 Remarks Cultivators Agricultural LabolJrers Labourers n.e.c. 2 3 4 5 6 Hindu Bhumij (S.T) 14 11 2 Hindu Ghasi (S.C) Hindu Bindhani Christian Bhumij (SJ) 17 12 3 2 TABLE-35 Particulars of family members staying outside by occupation of head of households and nature Of refatioifwifh head of housebold--=1973 survey. Number of family members stuying outside who are related to head of Occupation of Total households as head of household number of ------~------..::;;--~- (N.E.C.) 2 digit hoilsenolds Father Mother Son Unmarried Brother Wife Remarks daughter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cultivators 12 11 1 3 Agricultural labourer 3 I,abourer n.e.c 2 2 17 1 3 13 2 3 -- -~------16'4 TABLE-36 Particulars of family members staying outside b) age and relation to head ,of household-1973 survey Number of staying outside who are related to head of household as ------~------, Age Father Mother Wife Son Unmarried Brother Remarks daughter 2 3 4 5 6 7 All ages 3 13 2 3 0-9 10-14 1 15-24 ., 1 3 4 35-59 1 3 165 Particulars of family members staying '9utside by Edllc~~ional level and relation to head or hnusehold--1973 survey ~ -_"--'--_'______._ -I~ Educational level of Number of Persons staying outside who are related to head of household as Persons staying ------....!------outside Father Mother Wife Son Unmarried 8rother Remarks daughter !: 2 ·3 4 5 6 7 S ---- lIIiterate 3 5 2 2 Literate Primary 3 Middle Matriculation or Higher Secondary Non-technical diploma or Certi- ficate not equal to degree 2 Tecl'lenical diploma or Certificate not equal to- cfegree Graduate and Above Total 3 13 2 3 .------166 TABLE 38 Particulars of Non-\Ymkcls f~miIy mlmbers ,,110 are staying Outside by nature of activity and relation ship " .' f· to head of h0l1sehold-1973 survey. I Naotlll'C of -.acti vity Number who are related to head of household as l'Klw.workers family members staying ou tside Mother Son Remarks ------~----.------~------1 2 3 4 Total non-working population 3 Full time students HousrhllJd duties 2 Dependents and infants Retired, rentier and Person of independent mellns Beggars, Vagrants etc. Inmates of Penal, mental and Cltaritable institutions - ~ --,----- TABLE 39 Particulars of family members staying outside by nafure of occupation (KeO 2 digit code) and relationship with head ofhousehold-1973 survey ------Number of family members staying outside who are related to head /' ./ of household as Occupation ------(N. C. 0 2 digit) Father Wife Son Unmarried Brother Remarks daughter ------2 3 4 5 6 7 M (U.-P. School Teacher) 35 (Graingola Peon) 4 53 (Domestic Servants) 61 (Cultivators) 63 (Agricultural Labourers) 99 (Daily Labourers) - 6 To.a! 1 12 2 3 167 TABLE 40 Number of family members staying outside by marital s.atus and relation to head of houschold-1973 survey Number staymg outside whos~ marital status is RelatIOn ------to head of Never Married Widowed Divorced Separated Unspeeitied households Married 2 3 4 5 6 7 ---- Fathel Mother 2 Son 8 5 Husband Wife Daughter 2 Brother 3 Sister Other kin Total 13 8 5 168 TABLE-41 Ho~sehold classified b)' p!ace ,~f JasA ,:~~idencc of bead of housellOld and per cap,ita floor. spa~e-1973 sliney ---- '- - Place of last Per capita floor space residence 1 or iess than one Households sq. meter 2- 3 sq. meter Total Number of No. of No. of No. of No. of number members household members household members 2 3 4 5 6 7 Same village 29 16i Other village within the district 5 15 Other village outside the districi 7 Total 35 190 THBLE 41- concld ------per capita floor space ------4- 5 sq. meter 6- 9 sq. meter 10- 15 sq. meter 16+8Q. meter Remalks ------_ No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of house- members hou~e- members /house- members house- members hold hold hold hold 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ------ I 2 8 45 7 35 13 86 2 7 4 2 4 7 3 9 10 56 9 39 13 86 169 TABLE-42 Household classified by duration of stay of head of Household in prescnt Tcsidence and per capita floor space-1973 survey Pcr capita Floor space Duration of stay House 1 or les~ than one sq. 2- 3 sq. meIer 4 -5 sq. mctt;l. holds meter No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of house- member'> hOllse- memb..:r<; house- membcls hold hord hold 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Less than I year - .. , ... 1-4 year ..,_ 5-9 year 10-19 year 2 ... 32 3 9 Total 35 3 TABLE 42-conclud Per capita floor space 6-9 sq. meter 10-15 sq. meter 16 _"sq. meter ------No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of house- members house- members house- mcmbels hold hold hold 9 -10 11 12 13 14 4 3 9 52 7 35 13 86 10 56 9 39 13 86 170 TABLE- Household classified by occupation of head of Occupation of Per capita floor space hcad of flousepold Household N.C.O 2 I or Less than 1 digit Sq. meter 2-3 Sq. meter 4- 5 Sq. meter No. of No. of No. of No.of No. of No. of Household Members Household Members Household Members 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Culti,(lltors 22 Agricutlural Labour~rs 1 Labourers, D.e.C 9 2 3 Blacksmiths, Tool makers '1 • and Machine Tool - operators Hair Dressers, Barbers & 6 1teJated Workers ieachers Tata! 35 3 9 ---- - 171 43 household and per capita floor space-1973 Survey Per capita floor space ------.:-~- - -._------ 6-9 Sq. meter 10-15 Sq. meter 16+ Sq meter ------No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of Houseeold Members Household Members Household Mempers 9 10 11 12 13 - 14 _...... A..______ " 20 7 34 11 74 .. 4 - 1 22 4 2 12 10 ... 10 56 9 39 13 86 172 TABLE Nature of right time and last of construction and, aluation of house as related to: ReilglOn/ OccupatIon Households as III col 1 Caste/Tnbe of head of Number of households as m col J and 2 \\hose nature and 2 whose house of head of th", household of nght ovel hOllse IS \\ere constructed at the household NCO 2 digit 0-4 years Right-l Rlght-2 Rlght-3 Rlght-4 No Average owned alloted occupied rented cost 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 BhumlJ Cultl\atlOn 61 17 2 2 2 Rs 900/- Dally Labourer 99 3 2 2 Rs 225/- Teachershlp 1 5 ... - 1 Ghasl Dally laboureer 99 3 - Bank Hair cultmg 56 .oo Bmhmm CultIvation 61 - DaIly labourel 99 1 Bmdham Agncultur labourer '3 1 .... Black smIth 83 1 Rs 100/- Total 28 2 4 1 173 44 Religion/Caste/Tribe and occupation of head of household-1913 survey Households a~ in col. 1 and 2 whose No. of households in col. 1 and 2 whose house were constructed at. hOllses currently valued ------5-9 years 10-19 years 20+ valua- valua- valua- valua- valua tion tion tion lion tion 1 2. S 4 ------_------• No. Average No. Average No. Average 100-500 SOl/- 1001/- 2001/- 100000 cost cost cost 1000 :WOO 5000 ------9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 _------ 3 Rs. 633(- 3 Rs. 300/- 13 Rs. 442/- 2 8 6 4 1 ... 3 Rs. 183/- 2 3 Rs. 200/- Rs. 20/- 2 Rs. 75/- 3 Rs. 80/- ... Rs. 200/- Rs. 50/- Rs. 1 DO/- I 1 11 13 6 4 1 ------_ J74 TABLE Households classified by number of members, number of rooms occupied and religion am!! 1fejiglon 'and -Total Total number Total Household with Gaste or Tribe number of members number one room or Cfll111mity$o of hquse of rooms holds studied No. of No. of members house Male Female hold Male Female ------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bhumij 27 60 85 39 19 35 50 • Ghasi 3 11 8 4 2 8 4 Bindhanl - 2 5 9 2 2 5 9 2 4 2 4 BRrhmin 2 2 4 2 2 2 4 1:.Qtal 35 80 110 48 26 52 71 ------~-- - - 175 45 Caste or tribe or community of head of household-1973 survey Household with hous~hold with household w;th two rooms 3 rooms 4 rooms No. of members No. of members No. of members No. of ------No. of No. of house house house hold Male Female hold Male Female hold Male Female 9 10 I 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 ------ 5 10 18 2 8 9 7 8 3 4 6 13 22 2 8 9 7 8 176 TABLE 46 Households classified by r eIigioll, Caste or Tribe or Community, duration of present residence and tenural status-1973 suney Number of households li\ing,in the houses \\hich are ReligionfCaste Duration of Total m-Tribe or Present residence Number ------Anoted Occupied Community of Owned Rented households ------2 3 4 5 t; 7 Bhumij Hindu Less than 1 year 1-4 years 5-9 years J O+years 26 20 2 4 Ghasi Hindu Less than I year 1-4 years 5-9 year, 10+years 3 3 Bindhani Hindu Less than 1 year 1-4 years 5-9 years 10 +years 2 2 Barik Hilldu 1 ess than 1 year J -4years 5-9years 10+years Brahmin Hindu Less than 1 year 1--4 years 5-9 years 1 0+ years 2 2 - .... Total 35 28 2 4 177 TABLE-,h' Use of light and fuel by religion and Caste/Tribe/Communily and migration with refel"cnce to place of last residence of head of housebold-1973 survey Religion and Caste Total number Migrant household Non-migrant household or Tribe or of ------Community households Number -Using Number Using Number Using Number Using --_------Fuel Fuel Light Light Light Fuel Fuel Light Light Light Wool Lantern Wick lamp Torch Wood Charcoal Lantern lamp Torch 2 3 4 5 6 7 i , 10 11 12 ----_- Bhumij HindtT 27 2 2 2 2S 12 28 4 Ghasi Hindu 3 2 2 Bindhani Hindu 2 2 Barik Hindu Brahmin HindLl 2 2 :2 3 178 TABLE-,;-48 Male Drass by Occupation and Marital Status of head of household-1973 slln'cy OccupatlOn of NU'l1ber of household where Number of households where head of Adult males normally use minor males normally usc ho',~ehold Vlarttal ----~------N.C 0-2 digIt Status Dress Dress Dress Dres'> Drl!ss Dress Remarks Lungi Gamllchha Dhotl Languh Necker Dhotl and and (half pant) Ban Ian Banian ------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total Unmarried Married 13 16 9 5 1 WIdowed 2 1 Divorced Teachers Unmarried :vfarried In 5 Cases Widowed Children are naked Divorced Hair Dressers, Unmarried Barbers, Beauticians -and Related Married worker'> Widowed Divorced Cultivators Unmarried Married " 13 5 4 1 Widowed 2 Divorced Agricultural Unmarried Labourers Married Widowed Divorecd 179 TABLE-4! Conclud. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ---_ ------Black Smiths, Tool Unmarried makers and Machine Tool operators Married Widowed DIvorced Labourers n.e.c Unmarned 1 Married 5 2 • 2 Widowed Divorced -----..,.------180 TABLE-49 Female Dress by place of Last Residence of head of bousehold and Duration of present Residence -1973 sun'cy Place of laq Duration of Present Number of household Number of households lesidcncc of rc~idence by any where Adult Females where minor Female head of household member who has normally use normally use Remarks St::1: cd l('1n~est ------Dress-Sari Dn.:ss-Forck Dress-Languli Dress-Sari 2 3 4 5 6 7 '. Rangamatia Up (0 4 Years one of the head of the 5-9 Years household belongs 10-19 Yeals to malemember 20+ Years 2' 3 13 3 add no female Jagannalh Pur Up to 4 Yeals ... members. So 5-9 Years ...... total household 10-19 Years is 34. 20+ Years Pindra Up to 4 Years 5-9 Years In 3 Cases 10-19 Years Children are 20+ Years 1 naked. Amsika Up to 4 Years ~. 5-9 Years 10-19 Years 20+ Years ... JasipUr Up to 5-9 Years ..t· .... 10-19 Years - 20+ Years 1 Ikhabi Up to 4 :Years u. 5-9 Years 10-19 Years ... 20+ Years 1 Total 34 4 1!1 .... 181 TABLE-50 Female Dress by Occupation and morital Status of Head of households-1973 survey. _------Occupatioll Marital Number of households Number of households Where of head of hOllse- Status where adult female minor female normally use hold normally use. N.C.O. 2 digit ------~-- Dress-San Dress Dress Dress Remarks Frcok Languhli Sari ------2 3 4 5 6 ------_ Hair Dressers, Un-married In 6 Cases Barbers, BeaUli- Married Children dans and Related Widowed are naked workers. Divorced Cultivators Un-married Married 19 2 8 Widowed 3 2 Divorced Agricultural labourers Un-married Marrieu Widowc.ct- ... Divorced Slacksmiths, Tool Un-married makers and tnal:h Married me Tool operators Widowed Divorced -Labourers n.e.c. Un-married 1 4.. '" Married 8 4 Widowed Divorced 34 4 is 3 182 TI Presence 91' lu:\ur~ and Costly goods by educational level of head of ltousehold-1973 Survey ECt'catlcnal Ihvcl ('[ Total number Number of households Possessing of 2 3 4 5 6 7 Illiterate 26 2 24 Literate without 8 5 3 educationalle\e( Graduate and above B.A. 3 27 IABLE-52 Presence of lUxury and· Costly goods by Occupation of head of bouselfold-1973 survey Occuption of head Total number Number of households Possessing of household of ------'"':;------...:..__.....,:__!------...... ~,....:.~ N .e.O. 2 digit household Wrist Se\ving Transistor Cycle. Number of 'h9~se watch machine radio holds having np lUxury' ~oBd~ . 1 2 3 4 s 6 7 ""feachers 1 1 Hair Dressers Barbe~s ""13Iauticians and ..f<'elateo Workers Cultivators 22 2 .j>1 7 15 Agricultural Labourers Blacksmlth~, Tool makers and machine Tool operator; Labourers n.e.c. 9 Total 35 3 1 1 7 27 183 TABLE~53 Important tools and equipment for Agriculture Horticulture or related to educational Inel of hea(l "c household-1973 survey - -- Educational level Number Number of household using of head of house- of ------hold house- Tool I Tool 2 Tool 3 Tool 4 ToolS Tool 6 Tool 7 Tool 8 Tool 9 Tooti-'O hold plough Spade Sickle Harrow Plane Hoe Sabal Fork- Bhara Yok~ (cro'vpar) h0e 2 3 5 6 7 9 10 I 1 12 --- JIlitera te 26 15 14 24 11 5 3 r I 12 13 13 Literate wi thout 8 6 6 7 6 2 2 5 6 5 ;<; educational level Primary Middle Matriculation or higher Secondary Non-Technical dip- loma or certificate not equal to degree Technical diploma or Certificate not equal to digree Graduate and above Total 35 21 20 31 17 7 5 16 18 18 II H~4 TABLE 54 Important tools and equipment for agriculture/horticuHure as related to occupation of head of housebold-1973 survey (ioctJpation Number Number of household using of head of 'Or ------household house- Tool TooL Tool Tool Tool Tool Tool Tool Tool Tool Tool Remarks N.C.O.2 hold 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 digit Plough Spade Sickle Harrow Flier Hoe Sapala Fork- Bhara Yoke Pick- (san- (crow- hoe age dasi) bar) .---~-- - - ~~-- --~~- ~--- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 -~-- All occupations 65 41 40 51 32 8 10 22 37 19 34 Teacher_15 2 Priest 19 2 i Bair cutting 56 Cultivator 61 39 3.8 29 36. 32 8 10 19 31 16 32 Agriculture labourer 63 3 :2 Black smith 83 2 Basketmaker 94 Daily labourer 99 15 7- 10 2 2 3 _~l~ ______-'- -~---- 185 TAllLE 55 Particulars of special functionaries in marriage of person (male) By Caste/Tribe or religion of the bo'usehold-973 sliney Religion/ Special functionary J Brahaman Special functionary 2 Barbar Caste/Tribe! nature of ritual number of functionaries nature of ritual services Community service & remuneration coming from remuneration ranging of head of ranging performs the shaves the groom and the house homarities in the Same Other pares his nails hold marriage village village Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. within 5 + within 5' + Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. 4.506.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 19.00 25.00 5 kms kms. 5 kms kms 3.00 4.25 4.50 5.00 6.00 10.00 Hindu Bhumij 2 4 5 3 3 18 2 4 5 4 4 1 Hindu Bindhani Hindu Barik Hindu Brahmin Hindu Ghasi TABLE-55 Coneld. Special functionary 2 Barbar Special functionary 3 washerman . Number of Nature of ritual Number of fl1nctanaries functionaries service & remune coming from . comiI\g from ration 'fanging washes the clothes Same " Other Town' of the groom and Same Others Town village village with in his relatives village. , I ---.~-----:----- With 5 kms 5 kms Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. village with 5 kms with 5 kms in" + .. 3.00 4.25 4.50 5.00 6.00 11.00 in + in + 5 kms 5 kms i, f ",f~ ... 19 3 3 5 4 4 19 2 No. Special Functionary No. Special Functionary TABLE Item of food served to different categories of participants at the marriage feast by Religion/Caste/Tribe of the Category of Number o( m~rriages 5-9 years Participant during less than 5 years when, ------Vegetarian Non-vegetarian Vegetarian Non-vegetarian food 1 food 1 food 1 food 1 rice dal, riee dal, rice dal, riee dal, curry matton carry curry mutton handia 2 3 4. 5 Hindu-Bhumij Liheag e membet 4 6 Affinal kin 4 G Caste fellow 4 6 So caIJed higher caste 4 5 Others 4 6 Hindu-Barik Lineage member Affinal kin Caste fellow So called higher caste Others Hindu-Bindhani Lineage member 1 Affinal kin 1 Caste fellow 1 So called higher caste Others ------.:::~------1 S'1 56 Head of household and time of marriage of person married (males) 1973 survey. ') 10-19 years 20 - 39 years 40-j years ,~------_--__.------~y ...... --~-.-- Vegetarian Non-vegetarian Vegetarian Non-vegetarian Vegetar:an Non-Vegetarian food 1 food 1 food 1 -food 1 food·l food 1 rice, dal, rice, dal, rice, cal, l:ce, dal, rice, dal, rice, dal, mutton. mutton curry mutton curry mutton Relll'arks curry ------_- 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 6 2 .-. 6 2 6 1 ...... 4 4 1 1 1 1 188 TABLE-56 Concld. ------2 3 4 5 Hindu-Brahmin • Lineage member Affinal kin Caste fellow So called higher caste Others Hindll-Ghasi Lineage member -Affinal kin Caste fellow So called higher caste Others .... 189 TABLE-56 Concld. --~---~------6 7 8 9 10 11 1 1 1 19v TABLE 57 Oflllcrsnip of Agl=ibJIturaI or hortiCultural land inside vHJage or within 2 kms from ouler periphery of linage by Religion/Caste or Tribe or Community where the household is s1tuated-1973 suney Number of households having agricultural or horticultural land Religion and A9tal Number of ------~- Caste or Tribe number households Adjoining Within Within a More than Average or Community .house- having the a dis- distance 4 kms size acre holds agricultural house tance of 2-3 of agri- or hOI ti- of kms cultural culture land 5 kms land per in side or house adjoining hold Remarks the village --~-~ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Hindu Bhumij 21 18 7 15 9 9 4.76 Hindu Barik 1 1 1 10.00 Hindu Bindhani 2 2 2 0.17 Hindu Brahmin •.• 3 2 1 1 -l 1 7.66 Hindu Ghasi 2 2 .2 0.61 Hindu Mahali J 91 TABLE-58 Crops-Production, Consumption and Marketing by RdigioD and Caste or Tribe or Community-1973 survey. -~- ----~-- Reilgton and Total Number of ClOPS Number Yield for ConsumptIOn Malk.etmg Remarks Caste or Tribe number of Household Cllluvated households Cultivating Per Cultivatlllg Cultivatmg or Commlmity household baving Cultivating homehold household household agricultural or hortlcultmai land ------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 '} ------_- ---- Hmdu BhuffilJ 51 18 Paddy 18 1077 kgs 909 kgs 168 kgs Wheat 4 48 kgs 48 kgs Potato 5 175 kgs 125 kgs- 50 kgs Pulsus (Harada) 7 kgs 7 kgs Hindu (Barlk) paddy .00 kgs 550 kgs 50 kgs Hindu (BindhanI) 2 2 Paddy 2 35 kgs 35 kgs Hindu (Brahmin) 3 2 paddy 2 1010 kgs 560 kgs 450 kgs Hindu Potato 1 150 kgs 150 kgs Ghasi 2 2 Paddy 2 44 kgs 44 kgs Hindu (Mallali) 1 ------~~-- 192 TABLE-59 Animal Husbandry by Purpose; l\1ethod of Feeding. Problems and Prospect-1973 surrey Description Purpose Number of households rearing and following Number of households rearing and of livestoc in respect of feeding reperti,ng and OultO ------Practice Practice Practice Practice Pratice Problem Problem Problem Problem Tradi- Tradi- Tradi- Tradi- Tradi- Medicine Proper tional tional tional tional tional is not food available is not available 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Bullock (a) Domestic consumption 14 7 4 (b) Use as draught power (c) Sale locally (d) Sale export (e) Others (specify) Buffalo (a) Domestic consumption (b) p~e as draught pO\Y0r 7 3 3 (c) Sale locally of (d) Sale export - (e) Others (specify) Calf (a) Domestic consumption (b) Use as draught power'. (c) Sale locally (d) Sale export (e) Others (specify) 2 1 Cow (a) Domestic consumption 7 4 2 (b) Use as draught power (c) Sale locally (d) Sale export (e) Others (specify) Goat (a) Domestic consumption 1 (b) Use as draught power (c) Sale locally 4 ;) (d) Sale export l. 2 1 (e) Others (specify ------193 TABLE-59 Conc!ud 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II Goo~c {a) Domestic consumption 2 .., ... (b) Use as draught po\\cr (c) Sale locall) 2 2 (d) Snle export (e) Other, (~pecify) Hcn (a) Dome~tic consumpti on 7 (b) Use as draught po\'vcr (c) Sale locally (d) Sale export (e) Others (specify) 12 7 Ox (a) Domestic Cflnsumplion (b) Use as draught powcr (c) Sale locally (d) Sale export (e) Others (specify) Pigeon (a) Domestic consumption 2 (b) Use as draught power (c) Sale locally Cd) Sale export (e) Others (~pecify) Sheep (a) Domestic consumption (b) Use as draught power (c) Sale locally 2 (d) Sale expart (c) Others (specify) .------~------J 9 t TABLC-60 HousdlOld ~Uld !>lnaU scale Industr) by o\\nership of agricultural land ill and around the Village-1973 surYey lloll ManufactUi C Preparation Manufacture of Manufdctlile of S171! Number of of Wmno\\>ing fan, Chisel, Hoe holdmg rope Muchl Bdmboo, umblclla, Adaze, spade Umbrella Cycle Un!a, Tall Sickle, HanoI" Repnit ing Repainng 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 OWlI1g no I,md Up to 2.5 aClcs 3 2.6-5 aClcs 6 acres+ 2 TABLE-61 Household and small st'ale IllI.lustr,Y by ty,pc of workers by type of product and fuel or powcr---1973 survey Number of hOHschorcls TIInnin:g th-: induslry by Industry by Type of fuel Family workers Family worker and H ired worker type or alone h ired worker alone of product power 3 4 6 Manufactllre of rope (a) Manpo\\ci' (b) (c) Preparation of Murhi (a) (b) Firewood (c) Manufadurc of winnowing (a) Man~10\\er fan, Bamboo ,Umbrdla (b) sieve, Bar'l1boo Baskets et..:. (Cj grain container. Manufacture of chised (a) kitchen Knife, sickle. Nail (b) spade, Amger (c) Charcoal Cycle Repairing (a) Manpo·wl' (b) (c) Umbrella Rrpairing (a1 Mal'pO\\(:r (b) (c) 190 TABLE- Household and nuUl scale Indulltry by type of product and type of Type of Number of households using Product ------.----~------Material Material Material Materia! Material Material Sabai Paddy Fire\\o.d Spokes, lron Charcoal Grass Source Source bal, Source Source Source From Fore'>! Solution Baripada Forest Ownland Rangamatia source Market Village Baripada Market 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sabai rope Murhi Cycle repairing Umbrella repairing , Hoe, Adle, Spade Sickle Bamboo, ul1lbrella, wlI1J1owing fan, Sieve, bamboo Screen 197 main raw material by source and Imptcments Tools e.t.c~1973 SYr\'ey main raw materials Nnmbcr of housejtolds using c __....- __ ~~~ __ 'T-..-- ___ ~_ --~---,_.._--~~-.------~.....----~~_...... -...... --.._-.------~--....------~~~ Material Material Tool~ 1 Tool-2 Tool-3 Tool-4 Tool 5 Tool 6 Umbrella Bamboo Ghardiri A bundle Wrench, Hammer, Hammer, Axe Cloth Souree An ironrod of Coconut plier and Chisel, plier, knife Bill-hook Source Rangamatia fixed with leavestick Hammer Budkin, file Jnd NeedTe knife Baripada VjJIa~e wooden frame Earthen POl is Market known as Winnowing Ghardiri fan, sieve which is llsed for ll100ufacturing rope 8 9 to 11 12 13 14 15 ~-~-.------~------~--.-- .... ------_ •... 1 1 198 TABLE- Number of bous~ll(llds in debt by qccupation of head of ------No. of households in debted in the , income gl'(lUP (in Rs.) No. of Household in debt for ------No. of Total Up to 101- 201- Purpose-I Pllrpo~e-2 Purpose-3 household by Number of WO 200 500 500+ Clear Construc Culti occupation households the debt tjon of I'alion of head of the in debt the house household 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 Agriculture 2 2 LabourCI' Basket maker Blacksmith Cultivation 15 15 Daily Luboul'er 2 2 Priest 2 2 Teae_hel'ship 199 households Purpose and Income gronp--1973 suney No. of hou5ehold in d.eot for --+~---~-~--"'-"--~------~--'------~-----.--....-- ...... --- Purpose-4 Purpose- 5 Purpose-6 Purpose-7 Purpose-& Purpose-9 " Remanks To meet House Purchase Purchase of To p~rfocn Under go Household repairing of Medicine Clothing marriage C.T Expenditure Ceremony tr~linji1g (Personal Consumption) 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 2 1 10 1 2 ------~--.--.-----.... -. ~oo TABLE- Indebted Houselu}lds by source, Amount purpose anci Nun{ber of Houschbi(ls Who Source Purpose-t Purpose-2 Purpose-3 Purpose-4 Purpose-5 PUlpyse-6 Clear the Construction Cultivation H'ousehoJd House Purchase debt of the house Expenditure repairing of Medicine ---~------_.!_------To clear the No ferms No terms To clear No terms Clear the To clear debt and and the debt and debt the debt With in a Condition Condition. With in Condition Within <1 Within (I Year Year Yea I' Year 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Up to Rs, 100 Rangamatia Graingolla Kabuliwallah- Money Lender Neighbouring Villagels Relatives Villagers Rs. 101 to 20() Graingolla of Rangamnti:1 Kabuliwallah Money lander ~ Ncighouring Villagers ':Relatives Villagers Rs. 201 to SOO Graingolla Rangamatia 3 2 Kabuliwallah Money lender Neighbouring ViIJagel5 kcJatives Villagers 201 64 Terms and condilions-1913 sUr\'ey obtained Loan far the Purpose-7 Purpose-8 Purpose-9 Purpose-10 Purpose-I I Personal Personal Purchase Perform Uuder,go Consumption and Consumption of marriage C.T. Cultivation Clothing Ceremony Training To clear No. terms Clear the No terlllS Clearthe No terms Clear the No term,," the debt and debt and debt and debt and within a condition Within a candition Within a condition Wi.thin a condition Year Year Year Year 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 Up to Rs. 100 1 Rs. 101 to 20() 4 .., 1 Rs. ~Ol to 500 i ...- 202 TABLE 64 -coneld 2 3 4 5 7 8 Repay deb! Rs 500 -~ Wlthm 8 Re,M .... Gramgolla R'lng1.l11atIG J( "btll,~\ allah Money lender NClghbollrmg Vllhgel' RelatIves Villagers 2{J 3 TABLE 64-conc1d. 9 10 11 ]2 13 14 J 5 16 ---' RepHi debt Rs. 500+ Withi\\ 8 Years 204 TA8LE- Sale of ValnabJe aSSlCts durillg lase nyC years by Occupation of Number of Households reponing Sale of Asset (Specify) he.HI of hOtls:ehald household ------~.------..,...__...... - - reporting No. of Type 1 No. of Type 2 Sale during households Livestock households Utensils 2 3 4 5 6 Agricultural Within 6 month Rs. 10 Labourer Within 1 year Rs. 295 Rs. 70 (2) J -2 Years 2 Years + Rs.50 Basket Maker Within 6 111'Jt1ths Within 1 Year 1-2 Years 2 Years+ Black ~mi(h Within 6 months Within 1 Year 1-2 Years :2 Years+ Cultivation Within 6 months 2 -R,. EO Within I Year 5 Rs.6..j.5 Rs.28 (9) 1-2 Years Rs. 500 Rs.l0 2 Yelrs+ Rs. 600 Daihy labourer Within 6 months Withill 1 Year Rs. 30 Rs. 126 (4) 1-2 Years 2 Years+ Priest Within 6 months Rs. 8 Within 1 Ye_a_r 1-2 Years 2 Years+ Teadlership Within 6 months Within 1 Year 1-2 Years 2 Ye:lrs+ ------~~~-.. 2u5 65 OcCUlJation of head .f househoJd-1973 sun'ey Households reporting Sale of Asset (Specify) --.------...,..._-----_-- :No. of Type 3 No. of Type 4 No. of Typ;l 5 households Machinery and households Lands households Jewellery Tools --- - 7 8 9 10 11 12 ------_ ---.--- Rs.60 Rs. 260 R~. 2250 Rs.20 Rs. 60 ... Rs.22 APPENDIX II SPECIAL TABLES 208 ST- Celil$.US house, household, houseJess and No. of No. of Totul population Hamlet census census Houses housebolos person males females ------2 3 5 6 ------Villuge Ran,gamat,u -No.lmmlel 174 174 964 480 484 Institutional' population I Homeless populalion Institutional population Remarks: (In the iighl of the sludies in the village or from Persons Males Females No. of Persons Males. Females house list particul~r~ of the house- institutional population shoulr! hold be noted after the tabula tion is ove).) 7 8 9 JO 11 12 13 I ~ One institutional 19 19 households having population of 19. The insti tu tiona I house hold is a M. E. school hoslel. - --~ 21 ().. ST- Drstnltution of population by Age, Se\. and Relationship to Age Head ~on Brother Number of pel son~ who dIe ------~t------Son's Bro- Daugh- SI.,lel D ..llIgh SI~t"l " Fdlhel Mothcl Fathcr s Mother'" San' wIfe ther s tcr ,her, Hu" bro- brothcl !>on Wllc hu,- band thers bdnd 2 3 4 5 6 7 l) 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 All age" 153 199 25 42 9 17" 13 5 2 35 24 e 9 94 3 98 18 10-24 5 78 14 30 7 67 II 6 25-44 77 27 8 12 2 7 4 3 45-~9 )9 2 16 60- l2 16 Unspecified ---- 2- I I .head of household" here the head is male 212 ST- Distribution of population by Age Sex and Age Head Son Brother Number of persons who are Son's Brother"s D:wghter Sister Daughter's Sister's Father \\ife wife husband husband ----- 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 Ail ages Zl Ii i2 3 0-9 4 3 10-24 6 5 2~--44 5 4 3 45--59 10 60+ 6 Unspecified 2}3 Relationship to head of household where head is fentale Related to head of household ------,- Mother Falher's Mother Brother Son's Daugh- Daugh- Son's Brother's Total Remarko; Brother blother 5011 son ter's ters daugt - daughter daughters son daughters ters 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 2 5 5 3 66 3 2 12 5 2 23 13 11 7 214 ST Popuiatioll by Age, Sex Age groUI) Total Population Never Married Married ------Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 All ages. 964 480 484 495 266 229 397 203 194 0-9 264 129 135 264 ]29 135 ]0-24 299 154 145 216 130 86 80 24 56 25-44 251 122 129 12 7 5 232 113 119 45-59 III 62 49 3 3 74 56 IS 60+ 39 13 26 11 10 Unspecified 215' and Marital Status Widowed Divorced or Un-specIfied Remarks separated PO![SOl1S Males Females Person., Males Femares Persons MJles Females 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 66 11 55 6 6 3 3 5 2 3 2. 2 33 6 27 1 28 3 25 ------216 ST- Currently married Women by Age-group ------Age group Total Number, married at ---~------, 0-4 5-9 10-12 13-14 ])-]7 3 4 5 6 7 ------,All ages 194 2 31 23 76 {l--14 15-19 18 6 7 5 20-24 37 2 7 2 14 25-34 74 12 4 30 35-49 54 5 9 21 50-64 9 6 65+ Un-specified ------~------217 and Age at Marriage the age-group 18--19 20-24 25-29 30-34 us Remark" 8 9 10 11 12 I, 14 42 17 10 2 15 - J I 2 16 218 Corrcntly married Women by Age, Place of Number \I hose present PI.lce of BII lh Total (l 19 who were mal ned \I hen In the age group 0-9 10-14 15 -19 U.s 2 3 4 5 6 Total 194 13 5 Same village 14 1'53 12 Town of the 'ame Dlstnct (Banpada Town) 2 Other Dlstllct of the <;tate Rural (Name of the J)ISIlICt) Urban Other SIdle of Indld Rural Urban (Il) Bihar Rural 4 Urban 2'19 Birth and Age at Marrige age is . 20--34 who \\cre married when in the age-group 0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 u. s. 7 9 10 11 12 13 2 25 69 13 2 13 3 2 2 23 54 10 220 Sf- Currently ~larricd WOMen by Age, Place of Numbel whose j1teSelll Pla~. of 1311 th 3~--I9 who \\ere mdillcd when III the age glOUp ------0-9 10 14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35+ ------14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Total 14 37 3 Samc vJllag~ 2 10 Othe, \ !I I age 01 the Sdll1C .Dlstllct 12 24 3 Town 'of the Same District (Banpada Town) Othel'DI~t1let of the State Rural (Ndl11e of the DtSlJ let) Urba. Other ')tate of India (I) Wc'>! Rmgdl Rural Urban Rural 2 Urban Birth and Age at Marriage age is ... 50-64 who were married when in the age-group 65 + who were married when in the age-group Remarks 0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35+ 0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35+ 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 7 2 5 /' 222 S1- Currentl~ married Iwomcn b~ Age, place of I Please of last Total Numbcl \\ hose present age I, resIdence 0--1 9 who were marrIed when In the age-group ------~-----~----~------0-9 ]0-]4 15-19 U-S ------2 :> 4 5 6 Total 194 ] 3 5 Same VIllage 33 Other Village of the s Tov.n of the same DIS tllct (Banpada town) 2 Other DI"tnct of the State Rural Urban Other state of IndIa (I) West Bengal Rural Urban (II) Bihar Rural 4 Urban 223 Last Residence and Age at Marriage Number whose preseot age is 20-34 who were married \.,.hen In the ag:e-group 0-9 10- 14 15- )9 20 24 25-29 30-34 u-s 7 8 9 10 ( 1 12 13 25 69 13 2 13 3 2 2 23 54 10 22~ ST~- Currently 'Married women by Age. place or . ~ -- ... -.~-~---.--~ ~--.--.~-.-. Number whosi! present age is 35-49 who were married when in the age-group 30~34 35+ 0-9 1O~14 15-19 20-24 25-29 20 14 )5 l' 17 18 19 L __ " __·'_"~~·' __ • ___ - ~-- ... _... -_._._ -.~-.-- Total 14 37 3 Same Vi11agt 10 Other Village of the same ... District 24 " T(1\V11 of Ihe ~ame District (llaripada town) Othel District of the State Rura~ Urban Other state of India 0) West Bcngai Rural Orban {ii) Bihar Rural Urban 225 7 Last Residf)n.ee and Ag~ at Marriage Number whose present age is -- _ __:..------.. ------50--64 who where married 65+who were married when ~n the age-group when in the age-group Remarks 0--9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-~9 ~30-34 35-.L 0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35--\ 2] 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 3~ 33 34 35 7 2 5 226 ST- Currently Married Women by Age, Duration of Number \\hose present DunJttan of pre,ent residene~ Total 0-19 \\lio ""ere married when i\11he age-group 0-9 10-14 15-19 u. S. 2 3 4 5 6 All durdtion 194 13 5 Less then 1 year 1-4 Years 36 10 4 1 5-9 Years 25 2 10-19 Years 65 20-39 Yellis 59 40+ Years 9 Unspec fl.:d 227 prescnt Residence and Ageat Marriage age IS •••••• 20-34 who \\ere married \\hen l[l the age-graup 0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 u. So 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 2 25 69 13 2 3 14 4 3 17 2 2 17 25 4 2 13 3 228 ST- Currently Married Women by Age, Duration of Number whose present DutdllOn of prcsent '~-49 who were marned \\hen 111 the age-glOup 0-9 10-14 15-19 20--24 25 29 30-34 14 15 16 17 19 2() All dUl 1 f'~S then 1 YCdr 1-4 Years 'i-9 YCdfS 10 -19 Year~ 4 9 20 39 YealS 10 21 40 Year~ 6 229 8 present Residence and age at Marriage age is 50-64 who were marriea when in the age-group 6S + who were married when in lh~ age-group Remarks 0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35+ 0-9 10-IS 15-19 2024 25-29 30-34 35+ 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 ------7 5 2 230 ST- Current]) married ,wmen by Religion. Rdigion Number of Whose Present ------~ ------,....------(,-1'J Who Wele n:rnkd \\hen 1n the age-group 0-9 10-14 15-19 u.s. 2 3 4 5 Total 13 5 1 Christian Hindu 13 5 Uml'ccified 231 9 Age and Age at marriage age 15 ••• 20-.34 Who were married when in the age-group 0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 u.s. 6 7 8 10 11 12 2 25 69 13 2 2 23 68 13 2 232 ST- Currently married' women b) Rengion, Number Whose Present Reltglon 35-49 Who were mamed when m the age group 0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Total 14 37 3 Chnstran Hmdu 14 36 3 UnspeCIfied 233 9 age is ... ----_____. - ----""------... -----~-- 50-64 who were tn!frt"il!tt wben. in the age-group '5 + who were married when in the age-graup Remarks ------,.._.._-----~------0-9 10-14 15-'1'9 211·24 25-29 30-34 35+ 0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35+ -----~~------20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 7 7 ., ST- Currently married Women by Literac)' ad .. Number whose present age is 0-19 who \-;ere married Educational Level when in the age-group 0-9 10-14 15-] 9 u.s. 1 3 4 5 6 Total 13 5 T lIJiterate 10 4 JI Literate without Educational level III Primary IV Middle 2 V Matriculation or Higher secondary Vl Noo-techenical Diploma or Certificate not equal to degree VII Techenical diploma or Certificate not equal to degree VIII Graduate & above 235 educatioMl Level, Age and Age at Marriage ,Number whose present as is ... 20--34 \\ho were married when in the age-group 0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 u. s. ------6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 25 69 D 2 2 25 68 13 2 23€J Nunlber \~hose present age is ------~------35-49 who werc married" Educational Level when in the age-group 0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Total 14 37 3 I lIliterate 14 35 JJ Literate without Ebucational level HI Primary IV Middle V Matriculation or Higher secondary VI Non-t<:chcnical Diploma or Certificate not equal to degree VII Techenical diploma ~r Certificate not equal to degree VlJI Graduate & above 237 10 Educational Letel, Age and Age at Marriage - -- -~ .. -~.------.--.~--~-----~-." ~~~~--." .. , .. --.- .~-----...... _ ... ~-- Number whose present age is -,...... ~--~....",. -_------_._---...... __---..,..._.".------...... ----~--...... -----.-~- 50-64 who were married 65 + who were married when in the age-group when in the age-group --_. ------,--- Remarks 0-9 10-14 ]5·1920·2425-2930·3435+ 0-9 10-1415-1920-2425-2930.3435+ 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 ._. - ---~----~-~-- ..... --.. -----.-"-.~------.. --,~-~.----~----~--.... 7 1 1 7 ... 238 ST-ll Currently married Working women by Occupation. A;ge .ltd. Age at ~arriage QlleJIPation Number Whose Present age is '" (N.C.O. 3 digit) 0-19 Who ""ere married when in the age-group ------. - 0-9 ]0-14 15-19 U.S. 2 3 4 5 Total 942 (Bamboo basket maker) ST-l1 Number Whose Present age is ... ------.-" ------.. ---_- 20-34 Who were married when in the age-group 0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 U.S. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 239 ST-Il Number Whose Present age is .•. -~------Occupation 35-49 Who were married (N.C.O. 3 digit) when in the age-group ------_... _--- 0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 _------13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Total 14 37 3 942 (Bamboo bas7et maker ST 11- coneld. - Number-Whose present age is '" Number whose Present age is ... ------:--.a- 50-64 who were married 65 + who were married when in the age-group when in the age-group Remarks 0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-Jit. 35+ 0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35+ 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 2.40 ST- Currently married Non-\\orking "omen by Nature of activity Number whose present age is ... 0--19 who were married the age-group when in ---~------0-9 10-14 15-19 u-S \ 2 3 4 5 Total 13 5 1 Student Hnu~enold Duty 13 5 Dependents & Infant~ Retired, Rentier and persons of indepndent means Begger and Vagrants etc. lnmates of Penal, Ment\ll and Charitable Instit\ltio~ ------241 12 Nature of acth'ity, Age and Age at Marriage Number whose present age is 20--34 who were married when in the age-group 0-9 10-14 15-J9 20-24 25-29 30-34 u-s 6 7 8 10 11 12 2 24 6R J3 2 2 24 68 13 2 242 ST Currently Married Non-"orking Women by Number whose present age is ... Ncture of activitcd 35--49 who were married when in the age-group o 9 10- 14 15 -19 20--24 25 -29 30--34 35 L 13 14 15 16 17 J 8 J9 Total 14 37 3 Student Household Duty 14 37 3 Dependent~ & Infants Ret ired, Rentier and Persons of independent means Beggar and Vagrants etc. )nmate~ of Penel, Mental and Charitable Institutions 243 12 Nature of Acth'ity. Age and Agel at Marriage Number whose present age is ... ______...... _:__ ~:-..:...-....L.---.::.....------50-64-who where married 65"'; who were married when In the age-group when in the age-group Remarks 0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35+ 0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25- 29 30-34 35+ ------~------20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 7 7 -- 24~ Sf-H Lnrrently marned "6n-working \\-omen by Secondary "ork, Age and Age at Marriage Number whose present age is 0-1 9 who \\ ere mamed Secondary work "hen In tbe age-group 0-9 10-14 15-19 u. s. 2 3 4 5 Total 9 Agncultural labourers 9 Otber work (BlacksmIth) ------~-- ST-13 Contd Number whose present age IS ------~------20-34 who wele marned when lfi the age·graup ------___,.------0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 u. s 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 20 27 4 2 20 27 4 2 ------245 ST-13 contd. ------Number ,whose present age is ..• ------Place of Birth 35-49 who were married when in the agc-group ------0-9 10-14 15·19 20-24 25·29 30-34 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Total 10 20 Agricultural labourers 10 20 Other work (Blacksmith) ST-13 Concld. Number whose present age is ... - 50-64 who were married 65+ who were married when in the age·group when in the age-group ------0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35+ 0-9 10-14 15-19 20-H 25-:29 30-34 35+ ~~1llrks 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 34 2 2 1 247 ST-14 Currently Married Women by Age, Religion and Number to whom Children were born during the fast year Age All Religion Religion-l (Christian) Religion-2 (Hin1u) Re:nuks Total Number to Total Number to Total .Number to number whom Children number whom Children number whom Children were born were born were born 2 3 4 5 6 7 - -- - All ages 194 29 5 189 29 Lass than 13 13-17 10 2 10 2 18-22 38 8 2 36 8 23-27 36 4 35 4 28-32 45 12 44 12 33-37 21 2 20 2 38-42 23 23 43-47 10 10 10 10 1 248 ST Currelltl~' married women by age, Literac~' and Married Women with ------~------Level-2 Level-l Literate without Age Toto! Population ------l1literate Educational livel* Total N umber to whom Total Number to \\hom Total Number to whom Number Children were bom Number Cbildren were born Number Children were born during the year during the year during the year 2 3 4 5 6 7 All ages 194 29 187 27 Less than J 3 ] 3-17 10 2 8 18-22 38 8 35 7 23-27 36 4 36 4 28-32 45 12 45 12 33-37 21 2 19 2 38-42 23 23 43-47 10 10 48+ 10 10 *Footnote : Includes Figures for Educational levels not c1assifiab1e. 249 E(!ucational Leni and \umher to whom Children were born ~luring the last ~'ear Eel Llca tiona I !,evel _._ ---~~------~,.__j, Level- 5 Lewl·3 . LevcH ' Matricul:ltioll or Primary. ~"lkk!1e High;;r S,:wllcaIY Total. Number to whom T(1t~il 1\iumber to "'hom Tot.al NumL I' to whom ]\i'u 111 be I' Chlldrcn were 1:0:'11 ;'\iur,l!';'. I' Children wefe born Numher Childl\ n were hom during the year ttl! ring the year during the )CU .. _._._-----_._---_.. _------ ') .., 10 11 j - 13 i4 ------,------"----- ... -.-'~-.. --,------_.. - ..__ .. _-_ .. _------ I .,' '. I ••• ... 250 ST-16 Currently '\1arricd Women by Age, Mother-tongue and Number to "hom Children were born during Jast Year. --- --_"_- Married women ~peaking ------~----~- - .___------Total Language-1 (Bengali) Language-2 (Mundari) Language-3 (Oriya) ------~ ------Age Total Number Total Number Tolal Number Total Number Remarks number to whom number to wl10m number to whom number to whom Children Children Children Children were born were born were born were born during the during the during the during the Year Year Year Year 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10 All ages 194 29 8 2 166 23 20 .4 Less than 13 1 13-17 10 2 8 "" 18, 22 38 S 34 6 4 2 23-27 36 4 32 3 4 28-32 45 12 2 40 10 3 33-37 21 ,2 16 ,2 4 38-42 23 2 18 3 43-47 10 1 8 48+ 10 1 9 25l ST-17 Currently married Women by age, number of subsidiary languages spoken and number to "hom Children "ere 'born during the last year. Number of speaking subsidiary languages numbering one Age Total Mumber to Whom Children "ere bom during the year Remark, 2 All ages 95 II Less than 13 13-17 7 2 No Currently married 'Vomen can speak lUore 18-22 18 3 than one ~l1bsfdiary language. 23-27 20 3 38-32 17 33-37 12 38-42 11 43-47 48+ 5 252 ST 18 Cu feafly married women by Age, Scheduled Caste and nm~b~1' to whom children werc hO.rn during the iast ~'c!1r ------Age All scheduled c~ ~ te Number bcloilging to ... Total ~umber to Caste 1 (Ghasi) whom ci1iidren werc b::>rn Totnl Number (0 whom during the children were bOlTI yeai- during the yei1r Remarks 2 .) 5 All a~e_s 13 13 4 Lc~s than 13 lJ 17 18- '1'1 2 2 ., ") .., ,;. 27 3 3 21\- 32 f 2 1 '1 1 33 j" 2 2 3 t\- -.p . 3 3 ~3 -47 48+ ... 253 ST -19 Curn'll~ly married "omen by Age, Schedule{l Tribe and number to whom-children wero born during fast year ..\H scheduled TrIbe- Number belonging to ------\p, Total 'Jumbcr Tribe 1 (Blmmij) Tribe- 2 (Mahali) Tribe- -3 (Muncta) to WhOl1'l ----~------"'- children , Total Number to Total Number to Total Numb.:r to were born whom chil- whoin cb!!· whom during the dren were dren were children year born during born during were born the vear the year during the • year Remarks· 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1"0 ------ A.1I age~ 159 22 153 22 2 4 less thdn lJ J 3 17 ~ R 18 --22 3-2 6 30 G 2 23- ·27 30 2- 28 2 1 28-32 39 10 38 --10 33- 37 15 2 15 2 ... J~ .42 17 16 . - 43- 47 g 8 48 L 9 1. 9 254 ST -20 Current]~ manied "omen by Age, main activit~- and Dumber to "hom children were born ouring the last year ) Married women \\ ho are lTOn-workers Married women \\ho are workers Total number N um.ber to \\ hom Total Number to whom chilchen were Number children were bOI n born clming the during the year year Refnarb 2, 4 5 6 All ages 192 29 2 less than 13 13-J 7 10 2 18--22 8 23:-27 35 4 28-32 12 33-37 21 . 2 38-42 23 43-47 ]0 48+ 10 255 ~T-21 Currently married \\orking women by Age, and Employment status to whom children were born during the last year Married working women who are Employer Employee Single worker Family worker -.------;-----_ Age Total ;\!ulll!?er to Total Number to Total Number to Total Number to number whom chil- number whom cbil- number whom chil- nqmber who:n chil dren were dren were dren were dren were bOIn during born during born during born during the year the year the year t he year Remarks 2 3 .4 5 6 7 8 9 ro All ages 2 Less than 13 1~- 17 I 18-22 ~8-32 33-37 38-42 43-47 48+ 256 ST- Married \Vorking "omen 'by Age and Occupation and Number of M.Hrt~d ------~- ~------~- ---- Below 13 13 1'7 18--22 23 27 2R- 32 ------Number Nlfmbcl Number Nllmbcl Numb~1 to to to (0 to OccupatlC I Totni \\Jll~1 Total \\hOlll Total whom Total \\ hom Tota! whom N.C 0 Numocl chddren NUlllbcl Chl1dlLl •• NlImq~l chlldJen l\'pmbcl children Number childlen 3- di!' ,t<; \"l..tC \)crc were ,. ""erc Well: i'IO'l bron bron bron bron dU1111g '(jurin_g . during dUllng dUlmg the 'the the the' thc yeat year )I:al year YCa! ------t 2 ('U 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b 4 (,I) 4 (b) 5 C,!) 5 (b) 6 (a) 6 (b) 942 257' 22 Number to ullom Chilrlrcn were born during the last ~ ears Women age -~----...,__-----_::__ ------~------:.__ ------_..._::. 33-17 38-42 43-47 48+ --_------...------_------.._ -- Nun... ber NUlJ1bLl Number Num.... el to to to to Total whom Total whom Total whom Total whom Numbcl chIldren NumbeJ chIldren Numbcl chlldlen Numbel chIldren were "ere were were bom bom born born Remerks dUring during dUring .uring the the the the ~ yem year year ye:;l1 ---~ ---- 7 (1I) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8' (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) 11 ...... --~- - ..... ~------2.58 ST- Currcntly Marricd .non-Working .womc;} by Agc and naturc of Main Activity and Number of married ---~------~------,--- - BeldW 13 13-17 18-22 23- -~7 28-32 ------Number Number Number Number Number to to to (0 to Nature of Main Total whom Total whom Total whom Total whom Total whom Activity Number children Number child ren Number children Number children Number children were were werc were were born born bom born born during Juring during during during the the the the the year year year year year 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a) 5 (b) 6 (a) 6 (b) Stu Housahold dutics 19 2 38 8 35 4 44 12 Dependents and Infants Retired rcntier and pcr~Qns of independent means Beggars, Vagrant~ etc. lamates of penal mental & charit.ablc instit u tions Others 259 23 numucl' to \\ hom Lhi Idrcll \\('r(' Born during Illl' ia .. , ~ car Women aged 33-37 43-47 4R - 1\ ullihel Numb<-I NUfllUCI "'lumbcl to to to to TOl..!1 v.ilul1l 10tal whom Tolal whom Total whom Numbel chilcren l\.umb", children Numbel children Numbel dlildrctl wo:re ~ere were vv\...rc born born bom 11(1)1 Hemer!.. "- dUTIng dunng during dUi,ng the thc tbe thc y..:al yea I year year ------~ ------_ ------_-- 7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (.1\ 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) J I -~--~- 21 2 23 10 10 260. ST- Currently ~'larrie.d Non "Working Women by Age and SccmlClnry work and . __~_.,_.&,~"".. ~ ._,_, ~_. ~ < ,._ _ __ ., •• _~.,c ______." .---~~'" - ... Number of married Women aged .---._.-_,..._...--"'I--...... ,...... _-'" . ....------~_,...... ~--__,...... _...-...----...... ,__,....---_...... --~.,...... --~-- 23·27 Below 13 13-17. 18·22 Secondury wr.rk ...... ------~-~ .. --_._,------~-- '""_.,-- ...--~- ___._ -~ .... _,_,_, _-.".--_...... -w_"-""'" -- --- , -- ~-~ .. - ...... -____..". Number Total Number Total Numb~r Total Number Total Number to whom Number to wbom NllmL1l.?r " 10 whom }4'umbcr to whom Ch\1dren Children Children , Children were born were bom wer~ horn were born during during the during the during the Year Year Year Year ~~_,.~-~~L_~_---' 5 (a) 5 (b) 1 (a) , 2 (b) 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 4 (b) ~ ...... -.,._...~-_&~---.~ .. --~--.. - ,---..... -... -,~' .. _._---.-.. - . _- , ---, .. , , 16 3 2) 2 Total 1 .. , 6 ...... Cultivator ••• ... ••• '" I 6 16 Agricull LI raj Labourer .., .. Blaeksm ii hs ... • If " . . Non- hOllsebold jndu~try tit; " .,. , " Trade., Busin~3s. or Service .261 24 Number to whom Children werc born during the last Year... Number of married Women aged "1------~------_------_- 28-32 33-37 38;42 43-47 48+ ------~--- Total- Number Total Number Total Number Total Number Total Number number (0 whom number to whom number to whom number to whom numbe,· to whom Remarks Children ,Children Children Children Children. were born were born were born were born were born during the durintl the -during during1he during the Year Ycar Yeal YeaT Year --- 6 (a) 6 (b) 7 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a) 10 (b) --'-'------.. 19 4 12 2 16 3 t·· .4 19 4 12 2 t6 3 3 262 ST- DistribJllion of CurrenHy Married Wemen and the Related Births during'the Present Age ------.-..---._------23-27 Age at Marriage All ages Less then 13 13-17 18-22 ------_------~------Birth Women Births Women Bilths Women Births \Vomen Birth~ Women s 10 11 _ 1 2 "3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ~ --- _------~------All Religions 8 36 4 A!I ages 194 29 '10 2 38 ... 3 7 1 Less then 13 33 6 4 11 :2 14 3 13-17 99 16 6 2 17 10 3 12 .. , 18-22 58.- 7 - 23-27 1 1 28+ ... 2 Unspecifl'::u 3 Hinduism 4 All ages J89 29 oj 10 2 36 8 35 6 Les'; then 13 30 6 4 9 3 13-17 98 16 6 2 17 2 14 3 18-22 57 7 10 3 12 23-27 1 28+ 2 Unsrecified 3 Christianity ,,/ All ages 5 2 1 , Cess then 13 3 2 13-17 1 18-22 1 23-27 - 28+ Unspckified ~- ~- -... ---- ~- c;------.------263 :5 Last year by Religion Present Age and Age at marriage Present Age 28 -32 33--37 38-42 43 47 Women Births Women Births Women Births Women Births Women Births 12 13 l-l 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 All Religions 45 12 21 2 23 10 10 5 2 2 1 25 8 10 15 5 7 15 3 9 7 3 2 1 ., ...... Hinduism 44 12 20 2 23 10 10 5 1 2 1 2 24 8 10 1 15 5 7 15 3 g 7 3 2 1 Christianity 1 _! .. 264 ST Distribution of Currently Married Women and thc'l'eJatcd Births during the Present Age ______~ ...... ---- ______- __--t-_"""!"'" Ace at MbIIied AJJ ages Less than 13 13-17 18-22 23-27 -----.------..------Women Births Women Births Women ~irths WO'11en Birth~ Women Births 2 3 4 • 5 6 7 f, ~ 10 11 -"---- - All Sche'duled Castes All ages 13 4 2 2 3 Less than 13 5 2 2 2 _ 1 13-17 6 2 18-22 2 23-2r 28+ ... \ Unspecified All Scheduled Tribes 2 0\1J ages 159 22 8 32 6 30 4 l t'~S t-ban ] 3 18 2 4 6 J 12 2 D- 1-7 84 13 4 16 2 10 3 11 18-~1 53 7 .~. 23-27 28+ 2 UnspecIfied 3 "' .... , 265 26 last ~'ear by Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes, Present Age and Age at Marriage Present Age -."1:-~- 18- 32 33- -37 38- -42 43- 47 48 Unspecified "" Womcn Births Women Births Women Births Women Births \Vomen Births Women Births 12 13 14· 15 16 17 l~ 19 20 21 22 23 \ All SchcduceU Caste 2 3 ~ .. 2 ... All Scheduled Tribes 39 ]0 15 2 17 8 9 ... 2 23 '7 7 ] 1 4 7 ]4 3 7 6 3 2 -.. \ .. .., 266 -Distribution of Currcnt~y Married W?mcn and the Related Births dudng t~e" --- ~------Present Age ------.------_/------Age at Marriage All ages Less than'13 13--17 18-22'., 23-27 ___~_1..._ __ ------~ ------~--- Women Births Women Births Women Births Women Births Women Bjrths ------, 2 3 4 5 6 7 ,8 9 10 11 ---- llliterate , All ages 187 27 1 R t 35 7 36 4 Less than 13 32 6 3 J I 3 7 13-17 96 14 5 15 1 14 3 18-22 55 7 .. 9 3 12 '" 23-27 1 ,1 .. .. ,,':. Un-Specified 3 ...., 2 Literate but less than Matriculate All ages 6 2 2 2 Less than 13 13-11 3 2 2 18-22 2 23--27 J Un-Specified Foot note: - Education not classified elsewhere is included in (he group "Liter~te but less than Matriculate". 267 27 last yenr by Education, Present Age and Age at Marriage Present age 28- 32 33- -37 38- 42 43- 47 48 - Un-Specifkd ---- Women Births Women Births Women Birth~ Women Births Women Births Women Births r- 12 13 14 15 16 ~17 18 19 20 21 -22 23 ... llliterate .45 12 19 2 23 10 10 1 5 2 "2 1 25 8 10 15 5 7 ... 15 3 7 ... 7 3 ·2 '" Literate but less than Matriculate 2 ..~ .,.... 2 ... ,. .. , # 268 ST -27Conclud 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 .t Matriculate & above but less than graduate Less than 13 13- .17 18-22 23-27- 28 --t Un-Specified Graduate and above- . All a&es I • Less than 13 '13- 17 18-22 23-'27 ..... Un-Specified 269 .ST-27 Conclud 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 2.3 :Matriculate,& above but less than graduate ... Graduate and above _.' 271 Last year by Religion Duration of Marriage alldAge at Marriage. Duration of Marrige 15-19 20-24 25 -29 30 - Unspecified Women Births \Vomen Births 'Women Births 'Women Births Women Births 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 .. All Religions. 28 5 27 2 10 15 3 6 4 2 4 14 4 16 7 9 8 7 3 2 3 Hinduism 26 5 2'1 2 TO J5 3 5 4 2 4 .~. 14 4 16 7 9 ...• 7 7 3 2. 3 Christianity 2 1 272 ST Distribution of Currently Married" Women and the relat~d Birllis during the Lea'St year Duration of Marriage Age' at Munage All dur,ation Less than 1 1-4 5, 9 ]0 14 • -..;------~ ----.------Women ,BirthS Women Births' Women Births Women Birth~ "Vomen Births 1. 2 3 , 4 5 6 7 S 9 10 1 1 All Scheduled Castes All ages 13 4 2 3 3 2 LeSS thnn D ·s 2 2 2 13 -17 6 2 J 18-22 2 23-27 28, Unspecilled All Scheduled Tribes A..II ages 159 22 31' (j 29 35 \) [ 1'% th:1I1 .1 3 18 2 3 4 6 D-j"l 84 13 17 3 12 l' 5 J8-2:' 53 7 ]0 3 1 .'' 12 J 23-27 , 28 -I- , Un~peclflecl 3 213 29 , by Sclledu]cd Castes/Scheduled Tribes. Duration of marriage and Age at mall£iage. Duration of Marriage ------...::r------.------15-]9 20-24 25-29 30+ Unspecified --.----.:!...------. _____.J. ______.. Women Births Women ~irths Women Births Women Births Women Births 12 13 14 15 16 17 ·18 19 20 21 All Scheduled Tribes 2 3 , 1 \ .. , .. , 1 1 .. ST-.- Distribution of Currently Married Women and the related Births during the Last year Duration of Marriage Are .at Marriage All duration Less than 1 1-4 5-9 10-14 Women Births Women Births Women Hirtbs Wpmen Births 'Women Birth! 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 U1iterate ~l} ages 187 27, 29 4 33 5 44 10 lr_,,-ss than 13_ 32 6 2 .... 6 2 10 1 13.-17 96 14 16 2 14 2 20 6 18-22 55 7 10 2 13 14 3 ..23,-27 28+ U)J.specified ~ Literate but les~ than Matriculate A,f1 ages 6 2 4 2 ('{"~s than 13 )-:)--17 3 2 3 2 18-21 2 23-27 .•...... 28+ ... Unspecified 30 by E$1ucation, Duration of marriage and Age at Marriage Dura ton of Marriage ----_ ------15-19 20-24 25-29 30+ Unspecified Remarks ------_-...... _------Women Births Women Births Women BIl ths Women Births Women BJrlhs .' / 12 13 14 . 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ~2 Illiterate 26 5 27 2 10 15 3 6 4 2 4 14 4 16 7 9 6 7 ... 3 2 1 3 ~ Literate but less than Matriculate 2 2 2'6 ST- Distribution of Currently Married Women and the Related' Births during the Last year ------Duration of Marrigc Age at Milrriage All duration ~ess then 1 1-4 5-9 10-14. Women Births. Women Births Women BirtM :Women Births Women Birth 'l 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 1 1 Matriculate & above gut less (han graduate All ages 1 Less then 1 3· .".. 13..,.=.17 . ... 18-22· 23-27 Unspecified Graduate and above All ages Less (nen [3 D.,17 18-22 23-27 ...... 28+ Unspecified .. ~. --.-- 277 30 by Eaucatiou, Duration of !uardage and, ~ge at Marriage. Duration of MalTige .,-- -19 <25-29 . 3O;" Unspecified Rem3rks 15- 20- '24 \ -, --- --__..:.------~------Women Birth~ \Vomcn Births Warnell Births Women 'Births Women Birt\:ls ---- 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22 JlAatricula te & .abQvc but less than graduate -Graduate and above .. ~ . .. 278 ST- Distribution of Cllrrently Married Women a~d the Re1ated Births during the ~. ---- Present Age Age at Marriage All ages Less thah 13 13""-17 18-22 23".27 Women Births Women Births Women Births Women Births Women 1 2 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 Hindu IlliteJ:a~e All ages- li3 27 1 33 '7 35 4 Less than 13 29 6 3 9 3 6 1 13-17 95 14 5 15 • 14 3 18-22 55 7 9 _3 12 I ••• 23-27 Un-Specified 3 1 • 2 Hindu literate but less than Matriculate ,/ All ages 5 2 " 2 2 Less than 13 1 13-17 3 :2 1 2 18-22 1 23--27 28+ Un-Specified ._------279 31 fast year by Religion, Education Groups, Present Age~ and Age at Marriage of the Women Present age. - ---"'----- 28-32 33-37 38- -44 43-47 Unspecified Women Birlhs Women Blrlh~ W.omen Births Women Births Women Births Women Births 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20- 22 23 Hindu TIIiterate 44 12 19 2 23 ]0 ]0 5 2 2 1 24 8 10 15 5 7 15 3 7 7 • 3 2 1 'Hindu literate but less than Matriculate ... - ...... 280 ST-31 Concld. 2 3 4 5 6 7· 8 9 \0 11 Hindu Matr.iculatc and above t)ut less than -Graduate A II 8re~ Less than 13 13 17 18--22 23-27 .... 28+' Un.S'pecified ChllStian ]l1iterate All ages 4 2 Less t1lan I 3 3 2 13- 17 18 ·22 23- -27 28+ Un·§p_ccifie(' Christian Lit~rate but -less than. Matriculate All ages tess then 1 3' 13- 17 18-22 23-27 28--f Unspecified 281 ST-31 Concld. 12 13 14 15 1 G 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Hindu Matriculate and abmc but iess than Grad;uate Chrirtian Illiterate .•. Christian Literate- but less than Matriculate 1 282 ST- flace of Birth. Sex, -----,------Age 0-14 Un-married Married ~Vidowed Divorced or Unspecified Place of Birth SeX" Separated 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total Male 192 Female 192 Same Village Male 184 Female 1'90 Other Villages of tbe Male 7 same District. Female 2 Town in the same District Male Name of the town Baripada FemaJe Oilier Districts of the State ("Name of the District) Cuttack Rural Male .... •Female prban Male Fema.le -Other States of {he Country Bihar Rur;al Male 1 Female Urban Male Female West Bengal Rural Male Female Urban Male Female ... Pakistall> Rural Male ... Female ... Uroall Mfth:: • r. ..~ Female ... Other Counfries Male .,. ... Female -_ ....., .• .,. 283 32 Age and Marital Status. 25-34 15-24 ------~------.-~.------~------...... --...... -- .. ------_----- Un-married Married Widowed Divorced or Un-~pccified Un-married Married Widowed Divorced or Un-~pecified Separated Separated ------~-.--~----.--.-----~ ~-----,~-.------' 13 14 15 16 17 8 9 10 1 j 5 61 67 23 1 74 29 55 3 5 54 44 21 1 15 27 5 3 6 23 58 2 47 2 I" 1 1 .... ...... 284 ST- Place of Birth, Sex, 35-44 "_ ------y - -- ,___~------...... --~------_,_ -----_ Un-married Married Wido",d Divorced or Unspecified Place of Birth Sex Separated ------~------. ---.---~-.------~-- -~------~----~" ~-.- 2 18 19 20 21 22 Total Male 2 .52 2 Female 4 45 3 1 Same Village Male 46 2 Female 4 10 2 1 Other Yiihlges of the Male 1 5 same District. Female 1 Town in the same Dis trict Male Name of the town Baripada Female Other District of the State (Name of the District) Cuttack Rural Male Female Urban Male Female Other State" of the Country Bihar Rural Male Female 2 Urban Male Female \Vest Bangal Rural Male Female 1 Urban Male ~------Female Pakistan Rural ~ Female Urban Male Femaie Other Countries Male Female 32 Age and lUarital Siatus. 45-59 60+ " ------~------~-~------Un-married Married Widowed Divorced or Un-specified Un-married Married Widowed Divorced or Un-specifid Rem::trks Separated Separated 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 56 6 10 3 3 18 27 1 25 46 6 9 3 '1 ••• 3 4 7 1 6 9 1 14 19 1 ] 9 ... ... '" 286 ST- Place of Birth, Sex and Number whose Place . Same Other Town in Oiher District of Place of Birth Sex village villages same the state of the. same district (Name of the district) district (Name of the) Cllttaek town baripada Rural Urban ------1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ------~------~------~------ Totai· Male 421 52 2 Female 278 198 2 Sl1me Village Male 421 l Eema!e 278 2 611-&1' Villages of the Male 51 2 Same pistrict Female 19~ Town in the same District l>lale Name of the Town Baripada Female 2 Other'Districts of the State (Name of -the District) CufR:k Rural Male ... Female Urban Male r" a·t Female ... -':.. Other States of tnc Country -!ol~ Bihar Rural Male --- Female -"'t:'" Urban Male Female .. , West Bengal Rural Male Female Urban Male Female Other Countries Male 'Female - -_ >" 287 33 Place of last Residence of last Residence is Other slates of the country (Name of the state) (1) Bihar (2) West Bengal Other Rural Urban Rural Urban country Remarks 8 9 10 11, 12 J3 ;- ---- 4 5 .( 5 1 283 ST - Place of Birth. Sex, Duration of Number whose of present residence is '0-4 years and who are Un-married Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Place of Birth Sex Separated 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total' Male 88 8 Female" 57 36 Same Village Male 58 Female 55 Othcr Vi)]~ges of the Male 30 5 -same District Female 2 35 Town in the same District Male Name of the town Baripada Female Other Districts of the State (Name of the District) Cuttack Rural MaJe 1 Female Urban Male Female Olher States of the Country Bihar Rural Male 2 Female Urban Male ...... Female Wcst Bengal Rural Male ... Fel1}ale Ulban Male Female Pakistan Rural Male Female Urban Male Female Other Countries Male Female 289 34 Present Residence and Marital Status Number whose duration of present residence is ------5-9 years and who are 10-19 years and who are Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced. or Un~pecified Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Separated Separated g 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 71 5 8"1 11 ,.1 88 25 4 73 65 1 70 86 6 86 1 .73 2 1 4 5 2 22 3 60 1 ..., 1 ... 2 2 ..... .!. 290 ST- Place of Birth, Sex, Duration of Ngmber whose duration of.present residence is - _...------_!..._ ------=... 20:-40 years ana who are Unmarried Married WidoVl'ed Divorced or Unspecified Place of Birth Sex Separated " _2 18 19 20 21 22 Total Male 20 121 Female ] 63 20 4 Same Village :ryIale 20 115 Female 7 t7 2 4 Olh-ir YilI;;tges of the Male -6- sanl'e Distri(;t. Female 35 1"1 Town in the same District Male Name of the town ·Baripada Fel11al~ Other Disti·jet of th~ State RuraI' Male Female Urban Male Female 'OtJler States of the Country Bil}!lJ Rural Male. FellUlle- Ur~I!V Male .-. Female ... ~- West Bangal Rural Male Femal~ Urban- Male Femal~ Pakistan Rural \ Male Female Urbnn r;rale Female Other Countries Mal\! -.__ Fcmltle 34 Present Residence and Marital Sta tus Number whose duration of present residence is ------::;:------41 + years and who are Unspecified and who are Unmarri,ed Married Widowel Divorced or-Unspecified Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecifi~d Re1}l~rks Separated " Separated 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 58 11 4 5 30 56 11 4 4 12 2 18 .. , r·· -_ 292 ST~ P.lace of Birth, Sex, Number who profess All Religions who ate Place of Birth Sex Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecifiea separated 2 3 4 5 6 7 ------_----- Total Males. 266 203 11 Female 229 194 55 6 Same Village Male 234 177 11 Females 225 34 15 6 Other Village of tpc Male 31 22 Same Bistrict Female 4 153 39 Town is the Same District Male . Name of the Town Baripada Female 2 Other District of the State Cuttack Rural Male Female Urban Male Female Other States. of the CUD try Bihar Rural Male 3 Female 4 Urb?.!1. 4 Male Female West Bengal RUTl~l Male Pemale, Urban Male Female Pakistan Rural Male Female Urban Male Femille Othe'r Countries Male Female --______:L_ ____ - 293 35 , rReligioJl and Marital Status Number who profess ------~------Religion-l Christion who are Religion, Hindu who are Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or U~speciried Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Remarks Separated Separated 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 I 3 6 263 197 J 1 5 5 2 224 189 53 6 2 5 232 172 11 5 220 34 15 6 31 22 3 2 4 150 37 2 ... 1 1 2 2 2 ..- ... .. ~ 294 ST- Place of Birth, Sex, Educati~D~ Number whore l.it(racy ond "educationalleyel is ---~--:-~------.. Illiterate and who are Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified fla~e of Birth Sex Separated 1 2 3 5 6 7 Total Male 197 127 11 Female 196 187 55 6 Same Vn1age Male 1~3 ))6 11 Female 195 32 }5 6 Qther. Villages of the Male 13 II Same District Female 1 ., 149 39 Town in the same District Male Name of the Town Beripada Female 2 Other Districts of the State Rural Male Female Urban Male Female Other States of the Country Bihar Rural Male Female 3 Urban, Male Female West Bengal Rural Male Female Urban Malt; Fe.male Other Countries Male Female 295 36 ~evel and M uital StatlJs ------Number whose literacy and educational level is -_------~------_----._ Literate without educational "level & who arc Primary & who are .. _------Jnmarried Married Widowed Divarced or Unspecified Unmarried Married Wldo",,~d Divorced or Onspi!cified Separated Separated 16 17 8 9 10 J 1 12 13 14 15 ~----- 24 40 15 J 1 26 1 2 3 24' 32 12 I 1 26 1 2 1 7 3 296 ST- Place of Birth. Sex, Education~.. Number whose literacy and educational level is ------~------Middle and who afe --...-!------'---- Unmarried Married Widowed DivoJced or Unspecified Place of Birth Sex Separated 1 2 18 19 20 21 22 Total Male 26 15 Female 5 2 ,Sllme Village Male 12 11 Female 2 Other Villages of the Male 14 3 same District Female 3 2 Town in the same District Male Name of the town Baripada Female Other -Districts of tlie 'State Cuttaek Rural Male Fe,lllale Urban Male Female Other States of the Country Bibar Rural Male Female { --.. Urban Male Female West Bengal Rural Male Female Urban _Male Female 9ther Co~ntrjes Male Female 36 lCH:1 null -'larital Stntlls Numb;!" whose llter,II.:Y ,and educational level is -\~--~-~.~.- ---.-----~- _--- -- ~ Ma tric or Higher Secondar) and who <1 fe ]\;('lI1-lcchnical diploma or cer!ifical~ not cqu~lI to degree & wilt' ar..: Unmarried Married WidD\\'cc! Dh arecd or LI1'>peei fied l.·l1l11:nried Marric.d WidD\\cd Divorccd 1I1 Ln'>pccifict! . Separated Scparilkd . 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 32. 3 7 ~, 6 .~. 1 ." ... .. .' " .. ST-- P'ace of Birth. Sex, lWUCJd,innal - Number 'v,ho;;,c literacy and educational lcvd j" ------~------.- __._--~.~ .... --~---~- .... ~-~ ...-.."..,_,.,..------~~-- Technical diploma or ccnificatc not equal to degree and who arc -----~------~------.--- ...... ~- ~------~~ .. _------Unmarried ",farried \Vidowed Di~oreed or Unspecificll PI 2 33 35 36 37 TOlal Male Female ~ Same Villag.: Male Femate ~)\her Vitlages ,)1' {he Male ,;amc Disl riel Female Town in the samc Dblrict Male Name of the town .Raripaua Female Othc r 1)j", rict, of {he State Cl1ttack Rmal )\;Ia'c Female Urban Male Female Other Stales of the COlm.try . nihar Rural Male ~emaIe > Urban Malo- Female Wei'>t Bcnpl Rural Male -Female :...___,-;-;- Urban Male ... l •• ~ Female OHler COlmtrie.s Mite Feinate ------_------299 36 ------~. ------~ Nl.m1her '/I.'ho~e tiieraey Ernd educational level il' (j raduate a.nd above and who are Unmnrried I\larried Widowed Oivorced or Unspecified Rem:J.rks Separated 39 40 41 42 43 ~--..• ~~---.--- .... 1 ... -.,111 • •• ... 300 Place of Birth, Sex-, "'lother Nllmi:'~, whose mother-tongue is Langu,lge-Bengllii and who aTe Place Dr srI th Sex "t'-farricd Wido\\cc! Dh arced or Un,pecified separaled 2 3 4 5 6 7 T,oml Males 12 Female 10 2 Same 'V'Jilagc Male 7 8 'Females 10 Olher \~ill:Jge of (he Ma1e 5 Same Di,tl1ct Female Town Ih the'Same District Male Name of the Town Saripada Female Olhcl f}]-"tncl l11 the State Cuttad. Rural Male J_ Female - Urban 1\1aJe Female '" Other Stale~ of the Country Bihar Rural 'VIalc Female Ur.ban Male Female West Bengal Rural Male Ferqale Urban Male Female Qther COLIn II"IC' Male Female - fongue & ~faTitaf Status Nl)mber whose 'mother-tongue IS Language-Hindi and \\ho nrc Ullma I ried iviarricd Widowed 'Divorced or Unspecified Separated " 0:- S ') - 10 II 12 ---- •.. 302 ST- 1*1~ce of Birth. ~ex, Motheir Number hose l11othcr-tOJlguC is v. J -~~---- I Lal1guuge-Mllndari and,who arc ------~-- _.- Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Cn<:.pecifiell Place of Birl-h Sex - Separated 2 13 14 15 16 17 10lal Mnle 230 170 1 I FemOllc:- 200 166 50 6 Male 205 J52 II Femull::' 196 30· 13 6 Olher \ illages l,f the Mule 24 17 !>a.n= District Female 4 \32 3, TO\\ll in the 6:ime Districl Male Name of Ine Town Baripada Femllic Other District!: (If t)lC State Rmal Male female Urban Maie Female Other Stales of fhe Country Rural Mak 1 ~emale 4 Urb:l11 Male Female Rural Mal.: Female Urban Male Female 01hn Ccnmlries Male FemaJe ----- 303 'fOI1~UC .._';; :\farital Si:atus :-':umber whose mother-tongue is Lmguage-Oriya and who are Unmarried Married Wido'wed Divorced or Unspeci fied Remarks Separated 18 19 20 . 21 22 24 22 .... ~ 19 20 3 22 1 7 ]9 4 1 2 4 13 1 , 1 .... 1 " ... - 304 PJace of !1:rll!. :"'I('x, Wo:;kill~ '::itu!us Numblr who urc ~on-Wod Place ot 8111h s-:,. Urmlarried Marriet;l WLclowecl I)I\OICCJ or Un~pecificd Separated --.. --. 3 4 5 6 7 ---- Total Male 235 2S. Female 228 192 51 6 Same Village Male 216 25 Female 224 34 15 6 Other Villagc~ or the Male 18 2 Same Districi Female 4- 151 oJ.' " Town in the samc District Male Name of the To\'n-Bariparta Female 2 .. , Other Diqrici of the S(,lle CuttacJ.. Rornl ::vIale Female Urban Male Femal Olher S12l1C~ of Ihe COUll(iY Bihal Rural Male j Female ... 4 Urban Male female \\'cst Bengal Rural Male Female Lrban rvlIllc remale Other C0ul1trie<; Male Fcmule ... , .. \V,'rkers and \\]10 are Unmarried Divon:ed lJr Unspec;fi~~ Separated , , ~ 9 }O 11 j 2 I.' 31 J 7:; 10 ., ! - 4 18 152 10 1 -'~ 20 .2 .... 306 ST - Place of (}irlll, Sex, Industrial Category of' Number "\ 110 arc.' w(nkcrs ,wd ~lre Place of Birth Sex Unmarried VUl'ried Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Separated 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tot;)! '\!laic 5 Femal Same Village Male 5 i'J 5 Female Other Villages of the Male ,)" "am~ District Female Town in the same Di"trict. Male Name of the (own Bartpada Female Other District of the Slate Cmtack RW'ul \'{ule Female Urban Male Female Other Sta te of the Coun try Bihar Rural MaJe Female Urban Male Female We~t B,lIlgal Rural Male Female Urban. Male .... Female Other COUll tries Male Female ______·_r _____ ._ 39 Workers anll Marital Status. Nunlber who "ere workers and are '11 11 Livestock Forestry Fishing Hunting Agrictlltural pluntations, Orchards und' Labourers allied activities Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or l!nspecified L'nmarried Married Widowcd Divorced or Unspccificll Separated Separnteci 8 9 10 J 1 12 13 14 15 J'6 17 ]2 74 5 11 64 5 1 10 " .... , . ------~- Pf.aee of Birth. ~;cx, Ittdustri:otl Category "f~ Number \\:ho are \Vorkel'~ and ar.; lV \'HDing and Quarrying ----- _. ----- Pl..tce of Birth Sex Unm3rril...d l\ldITI.:d WiJo\\'cd Divorced or Unspecified Separated 2 18 19 20 21 22 Total JYIale . Female- Same Village Male Female Other Viilage 01 the Male S3'I\"C Di~trict Female TOWll in the samc District :vIale Name of the lown Baripadft Fem;] Ie Other District of the State GLl! tack Rural Malc Female Urban Male Female 0ther State of the Country Bih:ll' Rural Male Female Urban Mare 'Female West 13angal Rural Male Female Urban :\lale Female Othor Countric~ Male Female ... -- ~------209 Workl~rs and :vraritaI Status Nllmber \vho arc workers 'and arc V Manul',lcturing, p(oc.::ssing, Servicing :lnd Repairs (at Household }m!uslry (b) Non-hou:;ehold Illdustry 'Ilillarried Marrkd Wido\ved Qivorced br Un<;p:cified Unmarried Married Widowed DivOf<:<:d or UJl3DXificu Separated SCi'aratcd -"')' 24 15 26 21 28 29 30 31 '<\ \ 2 6 1. 2 '. , . , 3;0 ST Place of TIll' Birth, Sex, Industrial C:ltegory of NbmbcJ who orc \\orkcrs and are Vll Vl Trade and Ccnstruction Commrce Plac:J of Bir,th Sex Unmarr- Man - Wido- Divorced Unspcci- Unman'- Marr- Wido- Divorced Unspeci- ied ied wed or separated fied ied jed wed or separated ficd -~ 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Totar Mule Femak Same Village Malt! Fcma.le 'Olter VilIflgc of the Male same District Femaie Town in (he same District Male N anoc of the town Buripada Female Otr:er District of the State Cuttack Rural Male Femllie Crban Malt: ... Femalc -~'H Bihar Rural MaJe Female ... Urban MaJe Female West Bango1 Runtl Male Fern"l.: " Urban Male Fem3 Ie ·@Jher Countries Male Pemale ....._.. ---,_ --- 311 Workers and :\IarilaJ Status Number who are workers and dre Vlll TrampOf!, ~tora£e IX and Commul1ll:ulions Other Service 1 Jnm31 ned Mal rlCl! Wiuo\\eu DivOfl:CJ or Unspecified Unmarried Marned \Vldo\vcd Div\)l"ccd Of Un~pecificd Remarks Separated Separated 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 58 52 53 J 3 11 :! 3 If 5 2 .. ~ ... ..- 312 ST- Place of l3irtl1, Sn. Non-\\orker~ Numbc v.ho ;u.; ilOU-\\01h.;l." anJ arc 1.1nmalfJ~d Mal ricd I),\orced 01 un<,pccjfjc~ Place or RII Ih Sc' S'IXlfllted 2 3 4 5 6 101.01 "\1111e 57 Fel1 1alc 9 ')1n~c Villag.: ~blc 41 3 Fcmlll~ 6 OlhLl YllIllgo: .. 01 the Mal.: 16 ... amc Dlstl ict~ Ferra Ie 3 Town in the same Di~tnc, Male Name of the town 8aripada Female Other District of the Slate Cutiad. Rur::d Male Female Ulban Male Female Othel !Hale~ of the Countl~ RlIl.1i M(lil: Female Ulbll1 Mule FemaJe West Ban~al Rmal Mille Female Urbnn Male Femnle Other COl.1!lIJ le~ Male Female ---- ~ 313 40 -::-... hY\ Activity and. Marital Status. Number who atc non-workers and are ------Household Duties Dependents and Infants ------Unmarried Married Widowed Divarced or Unspecified Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Separated Separated 8 9 10 1 I 12 13 14 15 16 17 13 22 165 2 23 192 45- 6 196 5 13 20 162 2 23 34 12 6 195 2 2 2 151 33 1 2 2 : ... .... ..\ 4 1- 3f4 ST-, Place of Birth, Sex, Non-work.ers ------_------~------Number '''lto are Non-worl-ers and are RetIred, Rentler and presons of Indlpendent means Place of BIrth Sex UnmarrIed Married WIdowed Divorced or UnspecIfied separated ------_ 2 18 19 20 21 22 Total Males Female Same Village Male Females Otber Vl\lage of the Male Same DlStllct Female Town III the same DIstrIct Male Name of the town Barrpad..t Female Othel DIstrict of the State Cuttack Rural Male Female Urban Male Female Other ~tates of the Counfry BIhar Rural Male Female Urban Male Female West Bengal Rural Male Female Ulban Male Female Othet CountrIes Male Female 315 40 :::- "by Activity and Marital Stlltns Number who are non-workers and are Beggars, Vagrants etc. Inmates of penal mental & choritable institutions Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Remarks Separated Separated 2:1 24 25 29 27 28 29 ;30 31 32 33 ---- ~---- ... 1 .... 1 • t. , .. 33 ...... :\ .. 316 Place of Last Residence, Sex, Age 0-14 ------Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Place of Last Reslqence Sex l Separated ---- 2 3 4- • 5 6 7 Total Male 191 4 Female J02 Same Village Male 183 Female 190 1 Other Villages of t1le Male 8 same District Female 2 To\\n In the same Dlstnc_t Male. Name of the towtr Baripada Female ., Other Districts of the State Cuttack Rural Male Female Urban Male- Female ..... Other States qf the Country , Rural ~fale Female Urban Male Female~ ...... West Bengal Rural Male Female Urban Male Female Other Countnes Male Female 317 41 Age and Marital Status 15-24 25-34 Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Ullspecjfied Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Separated Separated -_- 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ]6 11 --'- 67 23 5 61 29 55 3 1 74 44 21 5 54 27 5 3 1 15 1 22 '1 5 2 47 58 2' 1 ... 1 318 ST- Place of Last Residence. Sex. 35-44 Unmarried Married Widowed Divol"ced or Unspecified Place of Last Residence Sex Separated 2 18 19 20 21 22 Total Male 2 52 2 Female 4 45 3 Same Village Male 46 2 Female 4 10 2 Other Villages of the Male 5 same District Female 32 Town iu the same District Male Name of the Town Baripada Female Other Districts of the State Cuttack Rural Male 1 Female Dlban Male Female OtbeLStates of the Country Bihar Rural Male Female 2 Urban Male Female West Bengal Rural Male '" Female Urban Male 1 -Female Other Countries Male Female --_ ---- ~-- 319 41 Age and Marital Status 45-59 60+ ------_ Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Remark~ Separated Separated 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 ------~------56 6 10 3 3 18 27 1 25 46 6 9 3 3 3 7 5 9 1 15 19 1 20 1 320 ST- Place of Last Residence, Sex, Number whose Place of Birth IS ------Town In the Other district of tbe State same district (Name of tfie district) Same Other vlIlages (Name of the ------Place of La~t Resldente Sex village of the same Town) Cuuack District Baripada ------Rural Urban 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ------ Total Male 422 53 Female 280 196 2 Same Village Male 421 Female 278 Othcr VJliages of th\! Mall.':.... 1 :~ same District Female 2 196 Town in the same Dlstnct Male 2 Name of the to\\n-Baripada Female 2 Other District of the state Cuttack Rural Male Female Urban Male Fernal Other States of the Country Rural Male Female Urban Male Fcmale ... West Bengal Ruraf Male Femdle Urban Malc' Female Other Countries Male Female -~ 3'! i ,au "Place- of Birth Nij1l19~ wh~ ~la~ of birth is Others s~te of tho Country (Name of tIl() state) Bihar. Rural Urb:m Rural Urbnn Other COl-miry Remalks 9 10 II 12 13 4 5 ,.) •• 1 l)laco of last residence, "Sex, duratioD al ~llmbel' ~,h\)sc' ctutation-o'f"prcsent residence is 0- ·4 y~rs and" who arc: Place of last rcsicicnc<.: Sex Unmarried Marricci Wido\\'cu Divorced or Unspecified Separated 2 3 4 5 6 ToWI },lale 81) t{ Femal 57 36 Same Village Male 57 1-cma\c 55 Other Villages of the Male 30 5 .;;ame District Female 2 35 Town in the same Disllict. Male Name of the town Baripada Female Other District of the State Cuttack Rural Male Pemale Urban Male Female Other Stale of the Country Bihar Rural Male 2 Female U,"ban Male Female West Baugill Rural Male Female Urban Male Female Other COl!!lt.riecs Male Female 43 Numl">el· wbos..: dlHution of prcsem residence i~ 5 -9 years and who are 10 -19 year, <.Ind who are Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or lJn<;pccificd Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecirictt Separ;Jtcd Separated 9 JO 1 ] 12 13 14 \ 5 16 17 71 5 87 1 ] 88 25 4 73 65 70 86 6 86 7J 2 3 5 2 23 60 4 314 ST- PlItc,,' of [;1st resideatt, Sex. flurati<~ Number whose dmatiol1 of present residence is ------_ 20 -40 years and who arc ---- Place of last residence Sex Unmal'ricd Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Separated 2 III 19 20 21 22 Total ::vfale 20 121 Female 7 63 20 4 Same Village :'dale 20 1 J 5 ... Female 7 27 2 4 Other Village of the Male 6 same District Female 35 17 To\\n in the same District Male Name of the town Baripada Female Other District of the State Cuttack Rural Male Female Urban Male Female Other State of the Country Bihar Rural Male Fema(e Urban Male Female We~t Bangal Rural Male Female Urban Malo Female Other Countrie~ Male Female Present: Residence and Marital StaTl{s ~umber wbose duration of pre-:enL r.:: ... idcnce is 41 years and \\ho arc Un"pecified and: who are Unmarried Married Widowed Dh orced or Unspecified Unmarried :'vf:trriell Widow.::d Divorc.::u or Uil;p!.;ifieJ Re,11lr:,~ &parJ.tcd Separated 4 326 ST Plucu. ,Of Last .Rc<\idcnx:e.. Sex Numbc! \\ho prores~ All ReligIons ~ho' me Unmarricu Monlcd Widowed nl\olced,o! Un<;pecifieli Separated 4 4 5 6 7 Total Mule 266 20' 11 remote 229 194 55 6 Same VIllage Male 2.1.3 177 11 Female 225 33 14 6 Other VIHag:es of the l\lak 31 21 same Di<;tllct Female 4 154 40 Town in the same Dlslncl ?\Jaic Name of the town Balipad.l Femak 2 Other D!~'lIct" of (pe State Cultac1.. Rlilal Male Female Ulban Mole Female Olh :Bihar Rural Male 3 Female 4 Urb~n Male Female ~t Ben~al Rmal M~le Female U!ban .lv1ale Female Other Counmes Male Fern"le ------327 Religion and :\Iarital Status . Number 'Vho profess Religion Christion who {i rc Religion Hindu \\ ho arc Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Unmarried Married Widowed Divor..:ed or Un~pecified Remad.s Separated SeDaratcd 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 3 G 263 197 11 5 5 2 224 189 53 6 231 172 11 220 33 14 31 21 3 2 ~ 151 38 2 2 2 J ...... - ST- Nu~b~l.· whosi: litcJl.lcy alul educational level is J1)itrate and who !Irc Place oj la~t )"esk~eJ1ce Sc:.. Ln11l!lrried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified separated 2 .3 5 6 Tuwl 11ale~ 197 127 11 F~male J% 187 55 6 Same Village l\lale 183 116 11 Fema~c;; J 9:- 31 14 Other Vill.ogc ('I' the Male 13 1 1 S:-::11C Dislr:d Female ISO 40 Town in th:; same Dislrict 11ale Namc of the town Baripada Female 2 Othcr District of the State C'ultad, Rural Mak Female Urban Male Female Other Stnle~ L'f th.: Country Bihar Rural l\1:lie FClllak "~ Urban Male Female »'-''::st B-:ngal Rural Male Fernal..: Urban Male Female {Jlh,:; C('Ilmlric!> Male Female ...... - 32"9 45 ~ducalional'Je~el and Marji~J St2tllS Number whose literacy and educational level 1S Literate without educational level an. who are Primo.lry and who are Unmarried Marri~_d "".id£wed Divorced or Unspecified Unmmried Married Wido\\cu f)j\orced or Unspl:cifieu Scpal'nted Separated 8 9 10 ] 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 24 40 15 II .., 26 '- 3 2~ 32 11 1 1 2l) 2 1 7 4 1 ~ ... 330 ST- Place of Last Residence, Sex,., Nllmber whose literacy and educational level i~ ------\ffddle and who are ------~------Unmarried ::'\larried Wido,-,'cd Divorced or Unspecified Place of l:l"t le.siden.ce Sex Separated 2 18 19 20 21 22 Total Male 26 15 Female 5 Same Village Male 12 1 I ... Female 2 OtheJ: Villages of the Male 14 -~amc District. Female 3 TO\yn in the same Disttict Male Name of the town Baripada Female Other District of the State Cut tack Rural Male Female Urban Male Female Other States of the COllntry Billa! Rural Male Female Urban Male Female West Bangal Rut al Male Female Urban Male Female Other Countries Male Female 331 45 ,.,. Edncatitlnai rewt 21'1rl M:uritaf Statu!. Number \\bose l!tetaCS ;ll1d eduCallOllal level is Ma Inc OJ HJghcl Secondary and "ho are l'.on-tcchnlcal dJp]01l1.1 or celuflc.lIC not equal to deg.lce &. ~\h() (lIe Unmarried Marflcd Wldo"ed DlvOlced or UnspecifIed Unmalfled M,lI11Cd Wldo\\ed DI\ orced 01 Un~pecllled Sep::ll (l ted Separated 23 24 26 27 2!-. 29 30 11 32 " 7 3 6 332 ST- Place of Last Residence, Se~ i-lumbcf whose IlLcracy and educaTional level is Technical diploma or certificate not equal to degree and who ate Place of Last Residence Unmnrried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Separased 2 33 34 35 36 37 Total Male Female Same Village Male Female OthCl Villages of the Male ~amc Distllct Female Town 111 the same District Male ::-.rome of (he town-Bal ipacta Female Other District of the state Cuitack Rural Male Female Urban Male Femal Othcl States of the:Country Bihar Rural Male Female Urban Male Female West Bengal Rural Male Female Ulban Male Female Other Countries Male Female ---- 333 36 :--: umher whose literacy and cdu;;al tonal level is ------~-- ~~-----.------~~--...... _...--~-.-----. ------.- -_. __...... _------Uraduare ~md above and \\110 are ._------,------,.~-----~~------~-.------.-- - - -_. __ --- Unmarried \larried Wilimvcd Divorced or UnspedficJ Remark.s SeparAted ------_._------_ --~ ------~----. ----_... _--- 38 39 40 41 42 1 .... ST Pbtc(' o~ L2Si Tl'sinen1:'t'. ~ ex. Mother- Number wno<;e mother-tongue is Langunge-13engal i I1nd \\ ho are ---.._ --_------Place of last residence Sex UnmalllcLi Married Widowed Dhorced or Separated 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total Male 12 10 Female 10 l-- 2 Male 7 8 Female 10 Other Village of the Male :5 same Di,trict Femlile 8 Town in thc 'lame Di,tIlCi Y1ale Name of the to\\11 Baripada Female Other Di,trict of the Stdte Cuttack Rural Male Female Ulban Male Female Othcl State of the Countl) Bihar Rural Male: Femak Ulban Male Female West Banga1 ~lllal Male Female L rban Male Fen,ale Other Countries Male Female ~ .... ,...~ ~ - 335 Tongue & :\taritat Status :-.lumber whosc i11olh.:r-tongue is Language-Hindi and \\ho :1re Unl11arl"i~d Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Ser>arated 8 9 10 J 1 12 336 ST- Place of Last Residence, Sex, Mother- Number .. hose mother-tongue is L Place of la;! resirience Sex Unma! ried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified separated 2 13 14 15 16 17 Total Male~ 230 170 11 Female 200 166 50 6 Sl1me \I)\\nge M';-,Ie 2M 1"$1 11 Female, 196 29 12 (> Other Village of the Male H 16 ')[lme District I-"cmale 4 133 38 Town in the same Dishiet .Mal-: 1 Name of the tmvn Baripada Female O:hcr District of the Slate Cuttack Rural Mule Female Urban Male Female Other State, ,0r the Country Bihar Rlllol Mole FClllak 4 Urban Male Female AMl Bengal Rural Mole Female Urban Male Female () I her C01l11 tries Male Female ------_ 337 46 'totlgue ~ Miuitai Stlitus ' . NumtJei ,viw".!· mother-tongue is , Unmarried . Marfied Wi(lowed Divorced or Unspecified , , " Separated 18 19 21 22 23 24 22 19 20 3 22 17 19 4 2 <4 13 - 2 ... ----~- 338 ST- Place of Las.t Residence. Se~, l"llmber who are , " NOll-workers and who are . , ------~--...... _------...... -- Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or JJnspecified Place'of Last Residence Sex Separated 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ._-- ---~-- Total Mille 235 28 Female 228 192 51 6 Same Villose Male 215 25 Female 224 33 14 6 Other:. Villages of the Male 19 2 same District Female 4 152 36 Town in the same District Male Name of the town Baripada Female 2 Other Districts of the State Cuuack Rural Male Female Urban Male Female Other States of the Country Bihar Rural Male Female 4 Urban" Male Female West Bengal Rural Male Female Urban Male Female Other Counl ries Male Female ---- 3.39 41 't'I'orking Status Clad Marital Status ------Numbet whQ are WOtkCfS and who II re Unmaried Married " Widow-ed Divorced or Unspecified SepaTated Remarks ___ l~_ ---" ._------,--,--'----- 8 9 10 11 12 31 175 10 2 4 ]8 iS2 12 19 2 2 ~ ...... ------34{) Place of Last reside.ce, Se~, IlIdtWkiaJ "- !'\umBh \vho are workers and are -,. -----~---~--__.___...... ~------ Cultivators ---~------...------Place of last residence Sex Unmarried Marlled Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Separated 2 3 -4 5 6 7 Total Male 5 82 5 Female 4 Same Village Male 5 79 5 Female Other Village of the Male 3 same District Female .0( Town in the same District Male Name of the town Baripada Female Other District of the State Cuttack Rural Male Female Urban Male Female Other State of the Country BihJr Rural Male Female Urban Male Female West Bansal Rural Male Female Urban Male Female Other Countries Male Femare-~ 341 'Categoey ~r ,yorkers and Marital Status Number who are workers and are III II Livestock Forestry Fishing Hunting and Agricultural plantations, Orchards and Labourers allied activities Unmarrie-d Married Wtdowed Divorced or Unspxified Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspec;fiM Separated Separated 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ------,----- 12 74 5 II 64 5 10 ------~ --- \, Pllc.e or L~St Itesict9Ce, 'Ser. Indtlstfi.t Number ~bo are workers Ilnd are IV Mining and Quan-ying . Place'onas! residence Sex Unmarried Married Widowetl Divorced or Unspecified separated . 1 2 18 19 20 21 22 1'6t2l Males Female ; .. Same Village Male Females Other VIllage of the Male 6llmc District Female Town in the same District Male Name of the town Baripada Female Other District of the State CuHack Rural Male Female Urban Male Female Other States of the Country Bihar Rural Male Female Urban Male Female West Bengal Rural Male Female Urban Male Female Other Countries Male Female .. --~ - 343 !' r C;a~eg~ry of workers and Marital St~tus Number who are workers and are ------..------V Manufacturing, Processing, Servicing and Repairs ------~~-7-----~------~-~------(a) Household Industry (b) Other than household Industry Uprn~rried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Unmarried Married Widowed Divorcetl or UnspecWied Separated Separated 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 8 2 6 2 2 ... ..\ . . , ST..! PIne otLllst Resid~' Sex; I~:tti'" VII VI Trade find ______.. ______Censtruction ______t::Otninrce...... ___.....lI.-t-..:. ______.:....- '. ",lace: of last re,lfidence SeJ{ Bom.rr, Marr- Wido- Dhol'ced Unspeci- Unmarr- Marro' Wido~ Divorced Uosikci- ied ied \'ved or separated fied jed ied wed or separated fied -----r - ---~~-~------~------2 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 'fQtal Male Femak Same Village Male Female Other Villa&;.: of the Male .same District Femaie Town in the same District Male Name of the town Baripada Female Cl,luack Rural Male Female l;rb.n Male Femlilc e(}lcr State of the Country Rural M{lle Female Urbiln Male Female West Bangal RUff I Male Female Urban Mule FemaJe Male F~male - .... 345 48 Category of workers and Marital Status Number who are workers \lnd are VIlI Transport, storage IX and Communications Other Service Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Un~pecified Remarks Separated Separated 4;1 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 13 11 2 3 10 4 c. .. 2 . :i--... 346 ST- Place of Last Residence, Sex, Non-workers Number who are non-workers and are ------Students ------~--- Place of last residence _Sex Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecificd Separated 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total Male 57 4 Pemal 9 Same Village Male 41 3 Female () Other Villages of the Male 16 same District Female 3 Town in the same Dishict. Male Name of the town Baripada Female Other District of the State Cuttack Rural Male Female Urban Male Female Other Sta te of the Co un trY Bihar Rural Male 1 Female Urban Male Female West Bangal Rural Male Female Urban Male Female Other Countries Male Female 347 49 by Activity and Marital Status Number who are non-workers and are Household duties Dependents and Infants Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspeclficd Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Separated Separated 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 13 22 165 2 23 192 45 6 196 5 13 2t'J 1 16~ 2 23 33 12 6 195 2 3 152 33 3 2 .. ~ 4 348 ST- Place of Last Residence, Sex, Non-workers Number who are non-workers and are Retired, Rentler and presons of Indlpendent means Unmarried Marned WldoVled Dlvorced or UnspeCifIed Place of last lesldence Sex Separated 2 J 8 J 9 20 21 22 Total Male Female Same Village Male Female Other Villages of the Male sameDIstnct Female Town In the same DIS tllCt Male Name of the town Banpada Female Other District of the State Cuttaek Rural Male Female Urban:i Male Female Other States of the Country Bihar Rural Male Female Urban Male Female West Bangal Rural Male Female Urban Male Female - Other CountrIes Male Female 349 49 by Actiyity and Marital Status Number who are non-workers and are Beggars, vagrants etc. Inmates of penal mental and charitable institutions Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Remarks Separated Separated 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 350 ST- Duration of residance in the Village and distribution Number aged up to .t4 Duration of residence Total Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Number Separased 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 All durations Male 480 192 Female 484 192 Less than ] year Male 3 Female 6 6 1-4 years Male 93 64 Female 87 50 5-9 yeilrs Male 76 71 Female ]17 87 10-14 years Male 60 56 1 Female 88 49 15-19 years Male 38 Femal 52 20+ years Male 210 Female 134 351 50 by age, Sex and Marital Status Number aged 15-34 Number aged 35-44 Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Separated Sep~rated 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ------ 72 84 2 52 2 30 129 4 4 45 3 1 23 3 2 1 35 2 1 1 24 1 2 34 4 29 7 - 24 16 10 19 71 1 47 2 -... 4 20 ..• 3 4 30 3 1 ------ST- Duration of residence in tIle Village and dristribution Number aged 45-59 Place of last residence Sex Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Separated 2 19 20 21 22 23 All duration Male 56 6 Female 3 18 27 Less then 1 Year Male 1 Female 1-4 Years Male Female 5-9 Years Male 2 Female 1 10-14 Years Male Female 1 15-19 Years Male ." 1 Female 20--\- Male 51 6 Female 3 17 25 353 50 by age, Sex, and Marital Status ------Number aged 60+ Unmarried Married Widowed Divorced or Unspecified Remarks Separated ------_ 24 25 26 27 28 29 10 3 25 3 10 3 1 22 354 ST- Dnration of Residence in the Village and Number of professsig ------Duration of All religion who are aged residence Total ------in the Village Sex Number 0-14 15-34 35-44 4 )-59 60+ ------I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ------ All durations Male 480 193 156 56 62 ] 3 Female 484 193 163 53 49 26 Laess than I Year Male 3 1 Females 6 6 ] -4 Years Male 93 64 26 2 1 Female 87 51 36 5-9 Years Male 76 71 2 2 Female 117 87 25 3 10-14 Years Male 60 57 5 Female 88 49 34 4 1 I5-J 2 Years Male 38 36 1 Female 52 41 10 1 20+ Years Male 210 90 50 57 13 Female 134 27 38 46 23 355 51 distribution of population by Religion, age and sex Number of Professing -----... ------~----___._------Religion-Christian Who are aged Rrligion-H!ndu Who are aged ------~------Remarks 0-14 15-34 35-44 45 -59 60+ 0-14 15 -34 35-44 45-59 60+ , 9 10 11 12 J 3 14 15 16 17 J 8 19 _ _- - 6 192 150 55 61 13 4 4 2 189 159 51 48 25 1 6 64 26 2 1 50 36 1 70 2 1 87 25 3 57 2 3 3 46 31 4 35 40 10 1 5 1 85 49 57 13 27 37 45 22 356 ST- Duration of residence in the Village and distribution of population by Scbeduled Caste Number who are Scheduled Castes and aged Duration of Dhoba residence in Total the vitlage Sex Number All Castes 0-14 15-34 35-44 45-59 60+ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 All durations Male 434 23 2 Female 443 23 Less than !"year Male Female 5 1-4 years Male 81 6 2 Female 88 4 5-9 years Male 72 6 Female 102 5 10-14 years Male 50 Female 74 4 15-19 years Male 37 2 Female 49 2 20+ years Male 193 9 Female 125 7 357 52 (Individual Caste) or Scheduled Tribe (Individual Tribe), Age and Sex N umber who are Scheduled Caste and aged Ghasi 0-14 15-34 35-44 45-59 10 11 12 13 14 10 4 4 3 7 S 6 2 4 2 2 6 4 3 3 4 2 4 2 358 ST- Duration of residence in the Village and distributIon of population by Scheduled Caste Numbel' who are ------Schectuled Tribe and aged ------~------Duration of Bh\'lmij residence in ------the village Sex All Tribes 0-14 15-34 35-::-4~ 45-59 60+ 1 2 15 16 17 18 19 20 All duration Male 411 161 136 46 50 12 Female 420 163 141 41 44 22 Less than 1 year Male 1 Female 4 4 1':::_4 years _.Male 75 52 20 Female 84 46 35 5-9 years Male 66 61 2 Female 97 71 19 2 10-14 years Male 50 47 2 Female 70 42 25 2 1-19 years Male 35 33 Female 47 37 9 20+ years Male ,.. 184 80 42 48 12 Female 118 25 30 41 20 359 52 iIndividuaJ Caste) or Scheduled Tribe (Individual Tribe), Age and Sex Number who are Scheduled Tribe and aged Mahali Munda 0-14 15-34 35-44 45-59 60+ 0-14 15-34 35-44 44-59 Remarks 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 360 ST- Duration of residence in the Village and distribution of: Number having ------_._--- Duration of Mother-tongue-Bengali and aged residence in Total _____:::;_------~------the viliage Sex Number 0- 9 10-14 15-24 25-59 60+ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 All durations Male 480 5 3 7 6 1 Female 484 5 4 2 7 2 Less than I year Male 3 1 Female 6 1--4 years MaJe 93 3 1 4 ""Female 87 2 1 5-9 years Male 76 2 Female 117 3 10-14 years Male 60 2 Female 88 3 15.-19 years Male 38 1 Female 52 2 20+ years Male 210 2 5 // Female 134 5 361 53 ptl_l)ufation by l\lotbcr .. TGnguc, Age and Sc"\::' Number having ------~------..;--'" ------,._------'t t' ~ MOlh':l-tongue--Hindl and aged ----_------0-9 10-14 15-24 25-59 60+ 9 10 II 12 ._------3~2 ST- DuratiioD ~f resi4~nce in the Village and dislributtoJJ N~mber having ------~------___".----~--- Quration of Mo(her.:~§\lc, Mundari and aged residence jn ------...... _------the village Sex C-9 10-14 15-24 25-59 60+ ~.------_2 14 15 16 17 1& All duration Male 1I~ 53 79 157 12 Female J 21 45 77 157 22 Less then 1 year ~ale Female 4 1-4 years Male 48 5 17 4 Female 44 :2 29 4 5-9 years Male 61 4 Female 73 9 16 2 to- ~4 years Male t7 2 Female 43 4 28 15-19 years Male 33 2 Female ~7 20 20+ years Male 28 145 12 Female ... 8 89 2~ 53 bj' Population by Mother tongue. Age a~J ~e~ -~- -- -~------;-:---r--!~~-"----:------Mother·tof\';'U ..------_------~ ~-_,.-' _-- 19. 24 14 8 21 15 8 15 2 3 2 7 2 7 11 8 2 5 3 17 9 -----_,------3M ST-;- Duration of resideoce ill the Village altd distribl.Hi?l1 "of ~~pulation "Number having Mother-tongue-Ben~Jj Motber-tollgu-Hindi • " t'", , _'.• Duration Persons Total Aged 0-9 Aged 10+ Aged 0-9 Aged 10+ or Males Number Who speak Who spea"k Who speak Who speak Residence Females Subsidiary Subsidiary Subsidiary Subsidiary language languages I'!mguages language Oriya Hindi Oriya Oriya 2 3 4 5 6 7 AJI durations Person 964 6 28 Male 480 3 16 Females 484 3 ]2 Less than 1 year Peysons 9 Males 3 Females 6 1-4 years Persons 180 3 7 Males 93 2 5 Females 87 -5-9 years Persons 193 3 Males 76 I Femaies 117 2 10-14 years Persons 148 4 Males 60 2 Females 88 2 15-19 years Persons 90 3 Males 38 1 Females 52 2 20+ years Persons 344 14 Males 210 8 Females 134 6 365 54 by M(}tber-toJt~ue, number or subsidiary languages spqken and age Number having Mother-tongue-Mundari Mother-tongue Ori ya Aged 0-9 Aged 10+ Aged 0-9 Aged 10+ who speak who sp«'ak Who speak who ~peak- Remarks Subsidiary Subsidiary Subsidiary Subsidiary language language language language ------Hindi Oriya English Hindi Oriya Bengali English Hindi Sanskrit 9 10 1 J 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 64 3 277 14 2 1 1 29 I 226 8 2 1 1 35 2 151 6 23 43 14 26 2 1 9 17 2 •• r 1 41 3 14 1 15 4 1 26 2 10 1 71 3 35 - 36 2 55 26 29 194 10 135 7 59 3 ~-- - 367 ST-55 Duration of Residence in (be Village by nature or activity and plllce or W&l"K of tIle WtHKerlJ Number who are ------Workers Working Persons _ .... _-_------Duration Male Total ::"'100-Workers In the Vlliage Other Village Town (Name) RellJlWk. ResiJ:lance Female Number 2 3 .. 5 6 7 & ------ AJl duration Rersons 964 741 . 2Z0 3 Male 480 264 213 3 Female 484 477 7 Less than 1 Year Persons 9 7 2 Males 3 2 Female 6 6 1-4 Year-s Persons 180 164 In Males 93 71 15 F.emale'l 87 86 5-9 Years Persons 193 187 5 Males 76 71 4 1 Females 117 } 16 t J 0-14 Years Persons 148 ] 43 5 Males 60 55 5 Females 78 88 15-90 Years Persons 90 77 13 Males 38 25 13 Females 52 52 ~. 10 ,Years Persons 344 163 """'"nA).~ 2 Males 210 34 174 2 Females 134 129 5 ST- Dura;ioli (Jf residence of "OJ kers in Number in , " Duration of residence Per~ons Total OccupatIOn Occupation OccupatIOn Occupation Males number 037, 137 15·1 1$2 Females ~------~-______- _ ...... ---__-..r,.._ SUTVe)er", Social Teacher Teacher worker high school middle school 1 2 3 4 5 .6 , , -----~ All duration Persons 223 1 1 .3 1 Male 2~6 } 1 3 1 Female 7 Less th::m 1 year Persons 2 Mah:~ 2 Female .1. ... 1-4 years Persons 16 1\Ia1e 15 12 Female 2 5-9 years Persons 6 Male 5 Female 1 • ~ .. to'" .. 10-14 years Persons 5 Male 5 Female '" , 15-19 yeofs Persons 13 Male 13 Female 20+ years Persons 181 Male 176 Female 5 57 tllC village and occupation Number in Occupation Occupation Occupat,on OCCUp,\tlon Occupation Occupation Occupation O(,CUP ------~------~------~----- Te?cher Non-orda 10- Cook Tns- DOI11C<;tlC R'fber CUltl\ atar Agr.cultr,ll Black FIlter B'1mboo Remarks Primai"Y ed of religious tltutlonal SCI vJnl : labourer smith Bl- basket !chool workers C)cle marker r ----'- \{ u 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 J8 2 1 13 9t> 92 6 4 2 1 13 92 91 6 2 4 2 II 2 II t 2 2 3 .. > -I 3 3 8 3 8 ."\. 2 92 78 6 .Ii 2 88 77 6 i; 4 ------37{) ST- Di,tribntion of Population by Religion, EducatjonaL levels Literate Primary Middle Matriculati{)n Total (Without or Age Sex POpullion Illiterate Educational level) Higher Secondary 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 All Religions Male 480 335 64 26 41 10 Female 484 444 27 5 7 1 Christian 0-14 Male Female 4 4 15-24 Male :2 I Female 2 2 25-34 Male 4 2 2 Female 2 2 35+ Male 2 Female 4 3 Hindu 0-14 Male 192 158 18 9 7 Female 189 [61 26 2 15-24 Male 88 42 8 8 22 6 Female 85 75 1 3 5 25-34 Male 62 36 8 6 7 3 Female 74 74 35+ Male 129 95 27 :2 4 Female 124 12J """"-""---~-- Foot Note ;-Includes Figllre~ for Ed'icational kvds II,:}! CI1'>sifiable, 371 57 Age :=roup, Sex, Literacy and Educational l~~el Educational levels ------Techmcal degree diploma equal to degree or post traduate degree Non-technical Technical Graduate Po,t graduate Engmecrmg Medicine Agriculture Teaching Others Diploma or diploma or degree dC'gr.:e other and Vetcrinary certificate not certifIcate other than than lechnl- Technology and cqual to degree not equal to technical cal dearee Didrymg degree degree 9 10 II 12 I 3 14 15 16 17 All Religlon~ 3 Chrastlan H ndu 2 1 373 ST-58 ReligioD;. mother t~Hlglle and subsidiary Jauguagelf Number having language at Col. 2 as mother tongue who speakes subsidiary language Mother- Total Bengali Eeglish Hindi Oriya Sanskrit longue in Sex numocr ---~-- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 All Religion Male 4Sl) S 3 4 275 Female 484 6 2 201 Christian Bangali Male Eemale Hindi Male Female Mundari Male 9 8 Female 12 10 Oriya Male Female Hindu Bengali Male 22 19 Female 20 15 Hindi Male 1 Femame Mundari Male 402 1 247 Female 410 176 Oriya Male 46 8 2 Female 42 6 374 ST - Rdigioll oy lH~ill activity and Age Group and Population Non-Workers Workers Age-groups ------_- -~------Male Fem;,le Male Female Male Female ------_- 2 3 4 5 6 7 All Religions 480 484 2M 477 216 7 Christian 0-14 15-19 20+ 7 8 S 7 Hinuu 0-]4 192 189 ]83 189 4 ]5-]9 55 45 37 45 18 23 -!- 224 2:18 37 231 )87 7 ----- 375 59 Industrial category of Workers lndustrial category of Workers ------_ ------III Live stock, Forestry, Fishing, IT Humting & plantations ~rchards Cult iva tors Agriculture: labourers & allied activities Male Female Male Female Male Female s 9 10 11 12 13 All Religions 9 4 91 Christion 2 Hindu 2 7 85 4 81 376 St-- Religion b~ J\lain acthity and Age group and Indll;ll ial calegol) of Workers VI IV Manufucllllirg, Pr(-:(~sll g, Servicing and Repairs 'Mining and Quarrying (~) Hou,ehold Indllstr) (bl Other than household h1du,lry Age-groupS< Male Female .Male Female Male Female 14 15 16 17 18 19 All Religion, 2 Christian 0-14 15-19 20+ Hindu 0-14 15-19 2B+ 9 377 59 Industrial category of 4Tork~s ' lnduSlriai CatcgOlY of Workers VIlJ Vi VII 'Transport Storage and lX Comtructions Trade and Commerc~ Comm1lnications Other Services ,. . --~:i7r--'------:-:--::-;--17-- - --'t""""-:"---,-- ~ --- FemnJe Mate Fern a I.:: M.~le__ Female MaJe Female 20 21 22 23 .24 25 26 21 All Religion, 24 Christian Hindu 2 .."'- 9 378 ST- Religion by Educational Levels Main aetiYity Religion Educa tional level Population Non-workers Workers --.------_.. _- Male female Male Female Male Female 3 4 5 6 7 8 All Religion Total 480 484 264 477 216 7 Christian Illiterate 4 1 I 11 3 Literate without educational level 3 3 Primary Middle 1 Marne or Higher Seconday Non-technical Diploma or certificate not equal to degree Technical Diploma or Certificate flot equal to degree Graduate and above Hindu lIIiterate 331 433 183 426 148 7 Literate without educational level 61 27 15 27 36 Primary 25 4 17 4 8 Middle 40 7 29 7 11 Matric or Higher Secondary 10 7 1 3 Non-techniclll Diploma or Certificate not equa~ 10 degree Tecl}uical Diploma or Certificate not equal to degree Graduate and above - -...... ,__3 2 379 60 and Industrial Category of 'Vorker~ Indllstrial Category of workers .....------...... -----~~--..,,__,...,_..,~-- ~--:.-"-:-- - _-- -~~~-----~~_.._._...... ,__._--~~ - --~~----- III Livestock. Forestry Il Fishing Hunting & Agricultural Planta1ions Orchards Cultivators Labaurer and AlIiedActivities Male Female Male FemaJe Male Female 9 ]0 I J 13 14 All Religion 92 4 91 Christian 2 2 Hindu 50 4 24 9 6 7 Religion by:·JjducationaJ L~veJs llUlW aetilitN . , .! •. \.:r:~~~~ridl Category of workers ---~_..:::.._------V Manufacturing, Processing, Servicing and Respairs IV • (a) (b) ,;\ Maning aftd Household Other than Household QUlWryii{g , . Tndustry lndustry .. ' ---~~,,;;,,-.-- Educational level Male Female '\fa Ie Male Female ",r,;, . ~~hi'"l 15 J 6 ., 17 18 19 20 All Religion , ," Total 9 2 Christian I iii terate Literate without educational level Primary Middle Matric or Higher Seconday Non-technical Diploma or certificate not equal to degree Technical Diploma or Certificate not equal to degree Graduate and above Hindu Illiterate 2 Literate without educational level •• ,J Primary Middle Matrie or Higher Secondary Non-technical Dipl6ma or certificate not equal to degree Technical Diploma or ('.ertificate not equal to degree Graduate and above .... 381 6{) and'lridostria)«:;ategory of wor kers Industrial Category of workers ------~------~------ VIII VI VII Transport, ~torage IX Constructions Trade and Commerce and Communicatiom Other Service Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female ------_---- 11 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 ---- Ali Religion 24 Christian Hindu 12 3 2 1 2 382 ST- Religion and Secondary J'l.umber having the Primary activity as in ReH~ion Primary activi ty No. having Primary activity ------_...___-- p M F 2 3 4 5 oWtl"ltet.igion Cultiva tors 9(' 92 .( Agricultural Labourer 92 91 Household Industry 11 9 2 Other workers 24 24 Non-workers 741 264 477 Cbristian Cultivators 4 4 Agricultural Labourer 2 2 Household Tndustry Other Workers Non-workers 14 2 12 .... ~Q Cultivators 92 88 4 Agricultural Labourer 90 89 Household Industry 1 I 9 2 Other worker~ 23 2~ Non-v.orkers 727 262 465 _---_ -- - 383 61 Work by Primuy activity Col. 2 Who a re engaged in Secondary Secondary Secontlary activity activity as activity as as cultivator agricultural Housebold labourer Industry M F M F M F 6 7 8 9 10 II 3 2 3 27 135 1 5 3 2 2 3 27 130 1 '384 Religion Occupation Emp{c),er , Employee (NX;,O. 3 digit) Male Female Female Male Female 2 3 5 6 7 8 Ail Religion 216 7 22 191 (Non-ordained religious workes) Chi istianity 610 (Cultivator) 4 630 (Aglicultural labourer) 2 037 (Surveyor) 137 (Social Worker) 151 (Teacher, High School) 3 152 (Teacher, Middle School) flindujsm 153 (Teacher, primary School) 2 2 520 (Cook, lnstillltional) 531 (Domestic Servant) 1 3 13 560 (Barber) 610 (CultivatOJ) 88 4 630 (Agricultural labourer) 83 I (Black Smith) 6 845 (Fitter, Bi-c)c1c) 942 (Bamboo Baskctmaker) 2 385 62 Wotkers by O'ccdpation Number who are ------...... ------Employee df the Self employed self employed Single worker Family worker agriculturists agricultrists ------.------Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ---_ 3 8 2 92 4 91 4 2 88 4 89 6 1 2 2 386 ST- Religion a.nd.. Non-workers by .._ Number of non-workers whose main activity is ------Age-&roup Per~ons Non-workers Students Household duties Males FemaJes 2 3 4 5 All Reli&ion Persons 741 70 302 Male 264 61 36 Female 477 9 266 Christian o -14 Persons 5 -Yale 1 Female 4 15-34 PersoThS 5 4 Male 1 Female 4 4 35-59 Persons 3 3 Male - Female 3 3 60+ Persons Male Female Hindu 0-14 Persons 377 37 2 'Male }88 31 Female 189 6 2 15-34 _Persons 229 32 178 Male 71 29 33 Female 158 3 145 35-59 Persons 95 93 Male 3 3 Female 92 90 60+ Persons 26 21 Male Female 26 21 387 63 Main ~ctivity aDd' Age-group Number of Non-workers whose main activity is ------... ------Dependants ana Retired, Rentier Beggars, Inmates of penal, infants and persons of Vagrants mental and cha independent Ineans etc. ritable institu tions Others 7 8 9 10 11 All Religion 368 1 167 201 1 Christian 5 1 4 Hindu 338 157 181 19 9 10 2 2 4 1 4 1 388 ST~ Age-group 5 -9 Age-group 10-24 Scheduled Caste Sex lIIiterate Literate Primary Illiterate Li~rate Primary Middle Jtf~triculation without withoqt ~r Higber educa- eol1';_a - Secondary tional tiqn~) level* level* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 All Scbeduled Caste Male 6 3 2 Female 6 6 Dhoba Male 2 Female- Ghasi Male 6 3 1 Female 6 6 ---- NOTE figures for Educational Level not clssifiable. J89 61 Educatiqn~l level lind agc-grolJp Age group 10-24 Age-group 25 -,- Non-techni- Techenical Graduate Illiterate Literate Primary Middle Matricula Non-techni T eehnical Graduate cal diploma diploma or and above with out tion or l:al diploma diploma and above or certifi- certificate educational Higher or certificate or certi- cate not not equal level· secondary not equal to ficate not equal to to degree degree equal to degree degree II J1 J3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 G 1 8 6 8 390 ST- Schedultd Caste by.... Main Acthit) ar.d A!;e-group Population Non-workers Workers - ______...-.100...... _ Scheduled Caste Age------~ ------group Male Female Male Female Male Female 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 All Scheduled Castes 0-14 10 7 10 7 15-19 2 8 1 8 20+ 11 8 8 10 Dhoba 0-14 15-19 20+ Ghasi 0-14 10 7 10 7 15-19 8 8 20+ 10 8 8 ]0 39J 65 and Industrial Category in case of workers Industrial category of worker. ill Livestock, Forestry. Fishing, I ][ Hunlin& & Plantations Orcbards Cultivators Agricultural labourers & allied activities Male Female Male Female Male Female 9 10 11 12 13 14 10 10 ------_---- 392 ST- Scheduled Caste by Main Activity and Age-group Industrial category of workers ----.----~-----....------V Manufacturing. Processing, Servicing and Repairs IV (a) (b) 1.1 ining and Quarrymg Household Industry Other than Household Industry Age Scheduled Caste group Male Fefuale Male Fenlale Male Female 1 2 15 16 18 19 20 All Scheduled Castes 0-14 15-19 Dhoba 0-14 15-19 Ghasi 0-14 15-19 393 65 and Industrial category in case of" orkers Industrial category of workers ------ VI vn VIII lX Cunstructions Trade and Commerce Trans port. Storage Other Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 "" ... ------~ - -~-- 394 ST- Scheduled Caste Category as a whole by Educational lever, age-group, Main Educational level Age-group Population Non-workers male Female Male Female 2 3 4 5 6 Total 0-14 10 7 ]-0 7 15-19 2 8 1 8 20+ 11 8 1 8 JIIiterate 0-14 9 7 9 7 15-19 1 8 8 20+ 9 8 Literat£ without Educational level 0-14 15-19 20+ Primary 0-14 J5-19 20+ Middle 0-14 15-19 20-t Matriculation or Higher Secondary 0-14 15-19 20+ ~on-technical diploma or 0-14 Certificate not equal to degree 15-19 20-{- Technical diploma or 0-14 certificate not equal to degree 15-19 20+ Graduate degree and above 0-14 20+----_15-19 Note :-Includes figures for educational levels not classifiable 395 66 Acthit) ~nd Industrial categoQ in case of ,wrkers Tndustnal category of \\orkers III LIvestock, Forestery, FlShlllg I lJ Hunting & Plantations Orchard" WorkelS CultIvator, Agncultural labourer & alhed activItIes Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female ------_- _- 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 I 10 10 1 9 9 ... _ 396 ST- Scllcduled Caste Category as a whole by Educational level, Age-group Main, Industrial category of workers V Manufacturing. Processing, Servicing and Repairs IV (b) Other than Mining and Quarrying (a) Household Industry Houehold Industry Age ------Schedult;d Caste group Male Female Male Female Male FemaJe 2 15 16 17 1& 19 20 --- Total 0-14 15-19 2Q.+ Illiterate 0-14 15-19 20+ Literate without 0-14 Educational level 15-19 20+ Primary 0-14 15-19 20+ Middle 0-14 15-19 ...< ./ 20+ Matriculation or 0-14 Higher Secondary 15-19 20+ Non-technical diploma or 0-14 Certificate not epual 1 5~ 19 to degree 20 + Technical diploma or certifi- 0-14 cate not equal to degree I 5-1 9 20+ Gradua te degree and 0-14 above 15-19 -..._ 20+ 397 66 Activity and Industrial Category in case of workers Industrial category of workers VIII VI VII Transport, storage IX Construction Trade and Commerce and communications Other services Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 I ••• 398 ST-67 Scheduled Caste, Occupation of ,wrkers alld place of work Place of work N umber engaged in a) Inside Village Occupation -1 Scheduled Caste b) Other village Sex Agricultural Labourer c) Town (Name) 2 3 4 All Scheduled Caste a) Inside Village M 11 F b) Other Village M c) Town (Name) F M F Scheduled a) Inside Village M 11 Caste-l -F , Ghasi b) Other Village M F c) Town (Name) M F 399 ST -6S Scheduled Caste and Secondary work by Primary actiyity Number Ilaving the Primary nctivity as in col 2 nnd who are engaged in Secondary Agricultural ~umber having Pril11ary a..:uvity activity as labourer Schedulcd Castc I'rima ry ;tl:tjvjty Persons Males Females Males remales 2 3 4 s 6 >\11 Scheduled Ca.;le Agricultural labourers 11 11 Non-worker~ 35 12 23 Dhoba Agricultural labourers Non-workers 2 2 Ghasi Agncuttural labourer~ II 11 Non-workers 33 10 23 12 .------400 ST- Scheduled Castes as ]\"on-"orkers by Main acth'ity';; -- _-- " Number of Non workers whose main activity is ------ Scheduled Age-groups Total non-working Students Household CU5tc Population duties ------~------Persons Males Females Males Females Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 All Scheduled 0-14 17 10 7 Castes 15-34 10 2 8 2 8 35-59 6 6 6 60+ 2 2 Dhoba 0-14 15 -34 2 2 2 35-59 60+ Ghasi 0-14 17 10 7 15-34 8 8 8 35-59 6 6 6 60+ 2 2 401 69 Cross classified by Sex and Age groups Number of Non-workers whose main activity is Retired, rentier Inmates of Dependents and person of Beggars, Penal, mental and independent Vagrants and charitable Infants means ete institutions Others ------Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Female ----- 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 9 7 2 9 7 2 402 ST- Scheduled Tribe by Main Activity and Age-group Scheduled Age- Population Non-workers Workers Tribe group ------Male Eemale Male Female Male Female --_---~ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 _--- All Scheduled Tribes 0-04 163 165 159 165 4 15-19 48 39 31 39 17 20":j:- 200 216 36 209 164 7 Bhumlj 0-14 161 163 157 163 4 15-19 47 38 31 38 16 20+ 197 210 36 205 161 5 Mahali 0-14 15-19 20+ 2 2 2 2 Munda 0-14 1 1 15-19 1 20+ 1 4 <4 403 70 and Industrial Categor~ in ca'lc of "orkero; Induslna1 C(l tegory of \\orkers III livestock, Fore,try, TI bshmg Huntmg & AgfH..ultural PlantatIOns Orchards Cultivators Labourer and AlliedActivltle, Male Jemale Male remale Male Female 9 10 11 12 13 14 2 6 85 4 67 1 2 5 85 4 66 404 Sl- Scheduled Tribe by Main Acthity and Age-group IndustrIal Category of workers V ManufacturIng, ProcessIng, Servlcmg and Repairs lV (a) (b) Manmg and Household Other than Household Quarrymg Industry Industry Scheduled Age Tnbe group Male Female Male Female Male Female 15 16 17 18 19 20 All Scheduled Tribes 0-14 15-19 20--1 4 2 BhumlJ 0-14 15-19 20+ 2 Mahah 0-14 15-19 20+ 2 2 Munda 0-14 15-19 22+ 405 70 and Industrial Category in case of wor kcrs Industrial Category of workers ------~------ VIII VI VII Transport, storage IX Cons tructi ons Trade and Commerce and Communications Other Service Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 2 9 8 2 9 8 ~------406 ST- Scheduled Tribe Category as a ",hole b)' Educationallcvel. Age-group" Fducationa} Population Non-Workers Workers level Age-glOups ------Male Female Male Female Male Female -----_ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ------Total 0-14 163 165 159 165 4 15-19 48 39 31 39 17 20 T 200 216 36 209 164 7 Illiterate- 0-14 135 ]58 ]31 158 4 15-19 24 30 10 30 14 20+ 133 204 20 197 113 7 Literate without 0-14 14 5 14 5 educational level 15-19 4 1 2 1 2 20+ 36 11 4 11 32 Primary 0-14 9 9 15-19 4 3 4 3 20+ 9 4 5 Middle 0--14 5 2 5 2 15-15 14 5 13 5 20+ 12 2 10 Matriculation or 0-14 Higher Seconday 15-19 2 2 20+ 7 5 2 Non-technical diploma or 0-14 certificate not equal to degree ]5-19 20-+ Technical diploma or 0-14 Ccrtiflcate not equal to degree 15-19 20+ Graduate degree and above -0-14 15-15 20 }- 2 1 Note ;-Ir.duces figures for educational levels not classifiable 407 71 l\iain activity and Industrial Category in case of workers ------Industrial category of Workers III Live stock, Forestry, Fishing, I II Hunting & plantations orchards Cultivators Agricultural labourers & allied activities Male Female Male Female Male Female 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 1 2 6 85 4 67 1 1 1 5 50 4 58 24 8 4 1 6 408 ST- Scheduled Tribe Category as a whole by Educational, Level Age-group,' Industrial category of Workers VI lV Manufacturing, Pro.:essing, Servicing and Repairs Mining and Quarrying (a) Household Industry (b) Other than household Industry Educationa Age level groups Male Female Male Female Male Female 2 15 16 17 18 19 20. Total 0-14 14-19 20+ 4 2 llIiterate 0-14 ))-19 -2..0+ 3 2 Literate without 0-14 educational level 15-19 20--+ Primary 0.-14 15-19 20+ Middle 0-14 15-19 20+ Matriculation or 0-14 Higher Secondary 15-19 20.+ Non-technical diploma or 0-14- Certificate not equal to degree 15-19 20.+ r~chnjca! diploma or 0.-14 -Certificate not equal to degree 15-19 20.:+- Graduate and above 0.-14 15-19 20.+ 409 71 Main activity and Industrial Category in case of workrs Industrial CategOlY of Workers VIIT VI VB Transport Storage and IX Constructions Trade and Commerce Communications Other Services Male Female Mate Female Male Female Male Female ------_- 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 2 9 8 2 8 -. 2 3 ". 410 ST- Scheduled Tribe, Occupation of Number Engaged in Scheduled Place of work Occupation-l Occupation-2 Occupation- 3 Occupation-4 Tribe (a) Inside Village Sex 137 151 152 153 (b) Other Village (Social Teacher high Teacher middle Teacher Primery (c) Town (Name) worker) (School) (School) (School) 2 3 4 5 6 7 All Scheduled Trib~ (a) Inside Village Male Female (b) Other Village Malt: 2 Female (c) Town (Name) Male Female Bhumij (a) rnside' Village Male Female (b) Other Village Male 2 Female (c) Town (Name) Male Female Mah.ah (a) Inside Village Male Female (b) Other Village Male Female (c) Town (Name>"" Male Female Munda (a) Inside Village Male Female (b) Other Village Male Pemale (c) Town Village Male Female 411 72 Workers and place or Work Number Engaged in Occupation-5 Occupation-6 Occupation-8 Occupation-9 Occupation-I 0 Occupation-I 1 191 531 Occupation-7 630 831 845 942 Non-ordained Domestic 610 Agricultural Black Fitter Bamboo, of religious workers Servant Cultivator labourer smith Bi-cycle basket maker ------S 9 10 11 12 13 14 ------ 13 88 74 2 4 2 13 88 72 4 2 2 2 413 ST-73 Scheduled Tribe and Secondary Work by Primary Activity Number having the primary activity as in Col 2 and who are engaged in Scheduled Number having primary Secondary activity as Secondary activity as Tribes Primary activity activity Cultivator Agricultural Labourer Persons Males Females Males Females Males Femafes 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 All Scheduled Cultivators 92 88 4 3 Tribe Agricultural labourers 75 74 Household ]ndustry 6 4 2 2 2 Other Workers 19 19 Non-Workers 639 226 413 3 27 128 , Bhllmij CliltivatOl s 92 88 4 3 Agricultural labourers 73 72 Household Industry 2 2 Other Workers 19 19 Non-Workers 630 224 406 3 27 124 Mahali Cultivators ,"" Agricultral labourers -_" Household Industry 4 2 2 2 2 Other Workers Non-Workers 2 Munda Cultivators Agricultural labourers 2 2 Household Industry Other Workers Non-Workers 7 6 4 414 ST- Scheduled Tribe as Non-lwrkers by Main acthity " ._------_------Number of Non-\\ Scbeduled Total Non-workmg Household Tribe Age group PopultlOn Student duties ------~------Persons Males Female~ Male~ Female~ Males Females - __ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 All Schedllled TrIbe 0-14 324 159 165 28 6 15-34 209 64 145 22 3 32 128 35-59 84 3 81 3 79 60+ 22 22 21 llhumij 0-14 320 157 163 27 6 1 15-34 206 64 142 22 3 32 125 35-59 82 3 79 3 77 60+ 22 22 21 Mahali 0-14 2 15 -34 35-59 : .. 60-j- ,/ Munda 0-14 2 15-34 3 3 3 35-59 2 2 2 60+ 415 74 cross cJassified by Sex and age-groups ------Number of Non-workers whos~ mlin activity is Dependents and Retired, Rentier Beggars, Inmates of penal, infants and persons of Vagrants mental and cha- independent Ineans etc. ritable institutions Others Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females 7 8 9 10 11 131 158 10 14 2 130 156 10 14 2 1 416 ST- Scheduled tribe by religion, Scheduled Tribe Religion 1 2 All Tribes Chriatianity Hinduism Bhumij Christianity Hinduism -.. Mahali Hinduism Munda Hinduism Note :-Includes Figures for Educational level not cassifiable, 417 and cducationallcycl Educatianal level Primary Middle Matriculation !,;on-technical or highrr Diploma or Secondary certificate not equal to degree Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 8 9 10 1 1 12 13 14 15 ------ 21 3 30 7 9 21 3 30 7 9 418 Scheduled tribe by religion Educational level Scheduled Religion Technical Graduate Post-graduate Tribe diploma degree olher degree or certificate than technical other than not equal degree technical to degree degree ------Male Female Male Female Male Feamle 17 18 19 2 16 I 21 All tribes Christianity Hinduism 2 Bhumij Christianity Hinduism 2 Mahali Hinduism Munda Hinduism 419 75 and educational le,'ei / Educational level ------Technical degree or diploma equal to degree or post graduate degree ------~------Engineering Medicine Agriculture Teaching Others and technology Veterinary and Dairying ------Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female ----- 22 23 24 i5 26 27 28 29 30 31 -_ 420 ST Scheduled TrIbes by Mother-Tongue, Number in the age-group 0-9 speaking subsidiary language Scheduled Mother Tribe Tongue Total speakers Hindi Oriya Male Fen~le Male Female Male Female -~-- Z 3 4 5 6 7 8 ---_ ---- All, Scheduled Tribe Mundari 411 420 1 34 Bhumij Mundari 405 411 27 33 Mahali Mundari 3 3 Mundari Mundari 3 6 1 ------+21 ;6 Subsidiary language and age ~umber in the age-group 10-14 ~llmber in the ag.:-group 15+ ~peaking sub~idiary language speaking ~ub~idiJry language Oriya English Hindi Oriya ;\1 ale Female Male Female Mele ier.1ale Male Female 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 38 22 188 IH 38 22 184 120 2 2 2 2 422 Mother tongue and Sub"idiary languages spoken Age 0-14 Mother-Tongue Educational level Numbel speaking subsidiary Language Bengall Hilldi Ortya Males Females Males Females Males Female~ 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 All mother tongues 73 73 Bengali lIhterate 5 6 Literate without educatlOnallc\el Pnmary Middle Matnculatloo or Higher Secondary Non-techmcal diploma or cerllflcate not equa( to degree Techniclll diploma or Certificate not equal to deglee Graduate degree other than techmcal degree Post graduate degree othe1nam technical degree _ Techmcal degree or diploma eq~lal to degree 01 pos t graduate degree Engineenng & Technology MedlCll1e Agnculture, Vetennary and Dair) ing Teachmg OthelS Notc :-Inc1udes flgUles CO! educational le' by liferacy and educational revel Age 15+ Number speaking subsidiary language Bengali English Hindi Oriya Sanskrit ------Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 J 8 ------ 7 6 3 3 2 202 147 7 8 1 4 424 Mother tongue llnd Subsidiary languages spoken -----'------Age 0-14 Mother-Tongue Educational level Number spaking Subsidiary languages Bengali Hindi Qriya Males Females Males Females Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Hindi Illitera te Literate without educational level Primary Middle Matriculation or Higher Secondary Non-Technical dIploma or certificate not equal to degree Technical diploma or certificate not equal to degree Graduate degree other than technical degree Post graduate degree other than technical degree Technical degree or dlpl"ma equal to degree or postgraduate degree Engineering and -technology Medicine Agriculture veterin~ry and Dairying Teaching Others 425 77 by literacy and educational level Age 15+ Number speaking subsidiary language ------._------.------.------_------Bengali English Hindi Oriya Sanskrit Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Male~ Females 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 J 8 ••J 426 ST- Mother tongue and Subsidiary languages spoken ------~------~------Age 0--14 ------Mother-Tongue Educational level Number speaking subsidiary Language ------Bengali Hindi Oriya Males Females Males Females Males Females 2 4 5 6 7 8 Mundari Illiterate 39 50 Literate w!thout educational level 14 15 Primary 9 Middle 5 2 Matriculation or Higher Secondary Non-technical diploma or certificate not equal to degree Technical diploma or certificate not equal to degree Graduate degree other than technical degree Post graduate degree other than technical degree Technical degree or diploma equal to degree or postgraduate degree Engineering and technology Medicine Argricu!ture, Veterinary and Dairing Teaching Others 427 by literacy and educationllJ Age 15+ Number speaking subsidiary language Bengali English Hindi Oriya Sanskrit Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Female~ Males Females ------9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 99 117 40 11 13 4 1 25 5 8 2 ------428 ST- Mother tongue and Subsidiary languages spoken\. Age 0 - 14 Mother-Tongue Educational level Number speaking Subsidiary languages Bengali Hindi Oriya Males Females Males Females Males Females 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Oriya Jllitera te Literate without educational level Primary Meddle Matriculation or Higher Secondary Non-technical diploma or certificate not equal to degree Technical diploma or certificate not equal to degree Graduate degree other than technical degree Postgraduate degree other than technical degree Technical degree or diploma e qual to degree or postgraduate degree Engineering and technology Medicine Agriculture, Vetrinaryand Dairying Teaching Others 429 77 by literacy and educational level Age 15+ Nl.lmber speaking subsidiary language Bengali English Hindi Oriya Sanskrit Males Females Males l"emales Males Females Males Female~ Males Females 9 10 1 I 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2 6 3 2