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Universidad Nacional Mayor De San Marcos UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS FACULTAD DE LETRAS Y CIENCIAS HUMANAS E.A.P. DE COMUNICACIÓN SOCIAL Métodos de elaboración de videos ambientalistas : según la perspectiva de TeleAndes INFORME PROFESIONAL Para optar el Título de Licenciado en Comunicación Social AUTOR Emilia Lucila Mendoza Palomino LIMA – PERÚ 2013 DEDICATORIA A QUIENES SIEMPRE ME APOYARON A LO LARGO DE TODA MI CARRERA Y AÚN LO SIGUEN HACIENDO, MIS PADRES. ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDO INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................ 08 CAPÍTULO 1 ....................................................................................................... 11 DEFINICIÓN DEL QUEHACER PROFESIONAL Y ÁMBITO DE INTERVENCIÓN .................................................................................................. 11 1.1 Ubicación ...................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Organizaciones con quienes se realizó la experiencia .................................... 11 1.3 Cine y TV TeleAndes .................................................................................... 13 1.4 El público ...................................................................................................... 14 1.5 El quehacer profesional ................................................................................. 16 1.6 El radio de acción .......................................................................................... 16 CAPÍTULO 2 ...................................................................................................... 17 PERIODO LABORAL ........................................................................................... 17 CAPÍTULO 3 ...................................................................................................... 19 TEMA - OBJETO DE SISTEMATIZACIÓN ......................................................... 19 CAPÍTULO 4 ....................................................................................................... 20 OBJETIVOS DE LA SISTEMATIZACIÓN .......................................................... 20 CAPITULO 5 ....................................................................................................... 21 MARCO TEÓRICO CONCEPTUAL DE LA SISTEMATIZACIÓN ..................... 21 5.1 La Imagen ..................................................................................................... 21 5.2 El Documental - El Video Documental .......................................................... 24 5.3 El Video Educativo ....................................................................................... 29 5.4 La Ecología y Conservación ........................................................................ 32 5.4.1 Medio Ambiente y Biodiversidad .................................................................. 34 5.5 La Educación Ambiental y El Manejo Sostenible en el Perú .......................... 37 CAPÍTULO 6 ....................................................................................................... 41 EJES DE LA SISTEMATIZACIÓN ....................................................................... 41 6.1 La imagen ..................................................................................................... 41 6.2 El documental y El Video .............................................................................. 43 6.3 Ecología - Conservación - Medio Ambiente – Biodiversidad ......................... 46 6.4 Educación Ambiental y Manejo Sostenible .................................................... 48 CAPÍTULO 7 ....................................................................................................... 52 METODOLOGÍA DEL PROCESO SEGUIDO PARA LA SISTEMATIZACIÓN . 52 7.1. Etapas del proceso seguido ............................................................................ 52 7.1.1 Para el acopio de información ....................................................................... 52 7.1.2 Para el ordenamiento de la información ......................................................... 53 7.1.3 Para el análisis crítico .................................................................................... 53 7.1.4 Para la interpretación ..................................................................................... 55 7.2 Instrumentos y Técnicas utilizadas ................................................................ 55 7.3 Fuentes de información a las que se acudió.................................................... 58 CAPÍTULO 8 ...................................................................................................... 60 LA EXPERIENCIA PROFESIONAL .................................................................... 60 8.1. Descripción ................................................................................................... 60 8.1.1 Video Documental Selva Central por encargo de PRONATURALEZA y The Nature Conservancy (Tiempo de duración 10’) ....................................... 61 8.1.2 Video Ruta Norte de Observación de Aves por encargo de PROMPERU (Tiempo de duración 10’) .............................................................................. 70 8.2 Contextos que atravesó .................................................................................. 75 8.3 Análisis de la experiencia .............................................................................. 76 8.4 Aportes ......................................................................................................... 83 CONCLUSIONES ................................................................................................ 90 BIBLIOGRAFÍA .................................................................................................. 95 ANEXOS ............................................................................................................... 99 Anexo 01 Entrevista a Fernando Valdivia (Director de Teleandes) ...................... 100 Anexo 02 Jacques Cousteau “El hombre que nos descubrió el mar” por Miguel Ponte .................................................................................................... 115 Anexo 03 Presupuesto de Grabación .................................................................... 118 Anexo 04 CD Reel CINE Y TV TELEANDES INDICE DE IMÁGENES Cuadro Nº 01 Proceso de interrelación entre agentes participantes - A .............. 14 Cuadro Nº 02 Proceso de interrelación entre agentes participantes - B .............. 15 Cuadro Nº 03 El proceso de reconocimiento y aprendizaje de una imagen ......... 22 Cuadro Nº 04 Proceso de realización de un video .............................................. 45 Cuadro Nº 05 Ordenamiento de información ..................................................... 57 Cuadro Nº 06 Fuentes de información .............................................................. 59 Cuadro Nº 07 Ejes principales de grabación ..................................................... 65 Cuadro Nº 08 Estructura para una edición ........................................................ 68 Cuadro Nº 09 Cronograma de grabación ........................................................... 70 Cuadro Nº 10 Esquema de la realización de un video ........................................ 82 INTRODUCIÓN En la actualidad la conservación y preservación del medio ambiente son temas que han tomado relevancia en el mundo, considerándolos incluso como asuntos primordiales para el desarrollo en la vida de la población mundial. Hoy, debido a la devastación y el mal uso de los recursos naturales es cuando ya se comienzan a sentir los estragos como consecuencia de los serios daños causados al ecosistema, por tal motivo la población ha decidido hacer frente a tales problemas reflexionando y aceptando personalmente la responsabilidad de esta situación tomando las medidas adecuadas para salvaguardar lo que aún resta. El video es una de las herramientas con un papel preponderante en la problemática ambiental, este como ente informador muestra, educa y concientiza a la población en torno a las acciones a tomar frente a lo que acontece, en la mayoría de países la colaboración del estado ha sido imprescindible para que estas medidas sean de alto impacto en la recuperación de territorios devastados; desde el lado de los financistas o inversionistas el objetivo era demostrar que el desarrollo sostenible era la alternativa correcta para contrarrestar el problema. En el Perú la situación no fue ajena ya que en la década de lo noventa se iniciaron fuertes campañas para preservar nuestros bosques, tarea que continúa con mayores expectativas y éxito. El presente trabajo busca mostrar a los estudiantes una alternativa en la producción de videos de corte ambiental, es desde la experiencia vivida a lo largo de estos años, en la cual la productora TeleAndes puede dar prueba fehaciente del método efectivo aplicado por la misma, así como cuales fueron los pasos seguidos para la realización de un proyecto audiovisual de corte ecológico, pasando por las etapas de producción, realización y post producción, para lo cual se presentarán dos ejemplos que 8 detallan claramente cuáles son los requisitos básicos utilizados para la elaboración de un video ambientalista. Respecto a los temas de producción y realización en el campo audiovisual, se cuenta con poca información de la práctica en producción y sobre todo si se trata de temas como biodiversidad o ecología, los costos que implica la elaboración de un video de este tipo
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