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ACTA HUMANA HUMAN RIGHTS PUBLICATION HUMANA • 2016/6. ACTA 6. 2016 New Vol. IV. This publication was issued within the framework of the project “PADOP-2.1.2-CCHOP-15-2016-00001 Public Service Development Establishing Good Governance” Acta Humana_borito2016-6c.indd 1 2017.01.20. 12:39:54 ACTA HUMANA HUMAN RIGHTS PUBLICATION ACTA HUMANA • Human Rights Publication Peer-reviewed, human rights journal of the National University of Public Service This publication was issued within the framework of the project “PADOP-2.1.2-CCHOP-15-2016-00001 Public Service Development Establishing Good Governance” IMPRESSUM EDITORIAL BOARD Szabó Máté chairman Badó Attila Kis Norbert Molnár Miklós Bándi Gyula Kiss György Pap András László Csath Magdolna Kiss Zoltán László Patyi András Darák Péter Kondorosi Ferenc Polt Péter Halász Iván Lentner Csaba Ujházy László Halmai Péter Leo Zwaak Silvio Marcus-Helmons Herbert Küpper Maciej Dybowski Weller Mónika EDITORIAL STAFF Péterfalvi Attila editor in chief Balogh Zsolt Hörcherné Marosi Ildikó Mandák Fanni Vizi Balázs Horváth Anett editorial assistant Proofreader: András Mikesy Published quarterly Publisher: Nordex Non-profit Ltd. – Dialóg Campus Kiadó Address: HU-1094 Budapest, Márton utca 19. www.dialogcampus.hu Responsible for publishing: Ildikó Petró managing editor Typeset and design: Corrigendum Ltd. Print and bind: Nordex Non-profit Ltd. ISSN 0866-6628 ACTA HUMANA New Vol. IV. HUMAN RIGHTS PUBLICATION 2016/6. Content Authors . 5 ARTICLES COCEANCIG ARON: The Legal Framework for the Protection of the Slovenian Minority in Italy . 7 SÁNDOR DOBOS: The Restoration of the Historical Hungarian Names of Hungarian-Populated Settlements in the Territory of the Present-Day Transcarpathia from 1989 to 2000 . 19 ESZTER KISS: “The Hungarians Have Decided: They Do Not Want Illegal Migrants” Media Representation of the Hungarian Governmental Anti- Immigration Campaign . 45 CSILLA VARGA: EU Minority Protection Policy: Cultural Rights of Traditional Minorities . .. 79 DOCUMENT COUNCIL OF EUROPE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES ADVISORY BOARD 4TH THEMATIC COMMENTARY: The Framework Convention: a key tool to managing diversity through minority rights . .. 95 3 Authors ARON COCEANCIG holds a PhD in “History of East Europe” and a master degree in “Analysis of the conflicts, the politics and the ideologies in the contemporary world” at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Italy) . He is currently a researcher at the Adria-Danubia Study Center (Italy) and he is a member of the Joint Institutional Committee for Slovenian minority issues . SÁNDOR DOBOS, Junior researcher at the Tivadar Lehoczky Social Sciences Research Centre and assistant lecturer in History at the Department of History and Social Sciences at Ferenc Rákóczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian Institute; PhD-student with certificate of completion at the Doctoral School of History and Ethnography at University of Debrecen . ESZTER KISS, Graduated on Communication and Media Studies MA at Eötvös Loránd University in 2016 . Her recent research field is migration to Hungary, the media representation and political communication connected to this issue and the narrative structures connecting immigration and terrorism together . On these topics she has delivered several presentations on international conferences . She is currently a junior researcher of Eötvös Károly Policy Institute and a communication assistant at the Center for Independent Journalism, Budapest . CSILLA VARGA, Doctoral candidate of the International Relations Multidisciplinary Doctoral School at the Corvinus University of Budapest . The topic of her doctoral research is the minority protection policy of the European Union from legal and sociological point of view in connection with national minorities . She works currently at the Ministry of Justice in Budapest at the Department of Criminal Law and Human Rights . ACTA HUMANA • 2016/6. ACTA HUMANA • 2016/6. 7–18. The Legal Framework for the Protection of the Slovenian Minority in Italy COCEANCIG ARON Introduction This article is inspired by the presentation made at the Global Minority Rights ARTICLES Summer School, organized in Budapest in 2016 . During the Summer School, dedicated to the importance of minority protection, we discussed several is- sues related to different legal frameworks in use around the world . Within this context, the analysis and evaluation of the legal framework for the protection of the Slovenian minority in Italy could serve as an interesting source of com- parison . The subject of examination encompasses the legal framework used for the protection of the Slovenian community in Italy, in particular two laws: the States Law No . 482/1999 and Law No . 38/2001 . These two pieces of legislation created a new situation for the Slovenian community succeeding in raising the standards of protection . The article aims to analyse this situation by highlight- ing the positive and critical aspects of the protection of the Slovenian minority . Before analysing the legal framework, the paper makes a historical, geo- graphical and linguistic introduction in order to understand and define the Slovenian minority . It then proceeds to analyse the context in which the laws of protection developed, with a stress on the problem of the unequal protection provided to Slovenian residents in various provinces . This brings us to the new situation initiated by the law No .482 and No .38 . Particular attention will be given to the role played by the Joint Institutional Committee, a body created in 2001 with the task of monitoring the implementation of protective laws . Special attention is given to the different situation created for Slovenians in some of the provinces, protected by international treaties and State laws, and Slovenians in the Province of Udine who had not been recognized as a minority until 2001 . The reason for this different treatment stems from the different approach of the Italian State towards the Slovene community . While the Slovenian community in the south-eastern part of the Friuli Venezia Giulia region could be considered in fact a “national minority”1 with a strong sense of national identity, distinct from the Italian one, the Slovenians in the Province of Udine could be better characterized as an “ethnic group” or a “linguistic minority” . 1 In Italy the Constitution stipulates only the protection of “language minorities”, groups that speak non-Italian languages . Italy does not use the term “national minority” in legal language . 7 COCEANCIG ARON Socio-geographic context The Slovenian community in Italy is located in the north-eastern part of the coun- try, in the Autonomous Region of Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG) . The FVG Region was created in 1948 and attained autonomy in 1963, although its development had been ARTICLES long and difficult . The FVG is a peculiar union of two widely different historical areas: Friuli, and the Provinces of Gorizia and Trieste, often called Venezia Giulia 2. If Friuli has been part of Italy since 1866, the Provinces of Gorizia and Trieste were part of the Austrian Littoral until the World War One, and were culturally, economically, politi- cally influenced by the Central European historical and political legacy . The FVG created after World War Two was in a strategic geographical position: on the border with the Germanic world to the north and the Slavic world to the east . The FVG’s borders were thus not only administrative, but partially coincided with po- litical boundaries between two “different worlds” . Precisely because of this position, four different recognized linguistic communities – the Italian, Friulian, German and the Slovenian – have coexisted, and coexist, in it . The Slovenian community, on which this paper focuses, is settled in a long strip of land running along the border with Slovenia . The territory, in which the minority is settled, includes three of the region’s four provinces: Udine, Gorizia and Trieste . The characteristics and identity of the Slovenian community differs greatly among the Province of Udine on one hand, and those of Gorizia and Trieste on the other . The Provinces of Gorizia and Trieste became part of Italy in 1920, while previously they were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire . The Slovenian community in these two provinces lives in two major cities, in their satellite towns and in most of the rural areas within several kilometres from the Slovenian border . It is a community with a strong and well-developed network of cultural and economic associations, enjoying a high level of social integration and maintaining strong connections with its so-called “outside motherland”,3 Slovenia . The numerous border crossings, most densely lo- cated in the vicinity of major urban areas on the other side of the border, enable the maintenance of intense cultural and economic ties with Slovenia . These ties are strong also from the historical point of view . The cities of Trieste and Gorizia played a significant role in the genesis and development of Slovenian national identity .4 Also from a linguistic point of view, these areas maintain strong contacts with the contiguous areas of the Slovenian linguistic domain . Slovenian is, in fact, a language with as many as 40 dialects, divided into seven major dialect groups . All the linguistic varieties of Slovenian spoken in the FVG region belong to the Primorska (Littoral) 2 The name Venezia Giulia was invented by Graziadio Isaia Ascoli an Italian linguist during the XXth century