Intergenerational Palm Island Families' Indigenous Stories (Narratives) of Childrearing Practice Strengths
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following reference: Geia, Lynore Karen (2012) First steps, making footprints: intergenerational Palm Island families' Indigenous stories (narratives) of childrearing practice strengths. PhD thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/25465/ The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owner of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please contact [email protected] and quote http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/25465/ First Steps – Making Footprints: Intergenerational Palm Island families’ Indigenous stories (narratives) of childrearing practice strengths By Lynore Karen Geia First Steps – Making Footprints: Intergenerational Palm Island families’ Indigenous stories (narratives) of childrearing practice strengths Lynore Karen Geia RN, EM, BA Nurse (Clinical), MPH&TM, Dip CM For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Nursing, Midwifery & Nutrition James Cook University September 2012 Supervisory Team Kim Usher, RN, PhD (Principal Supervisor) Barbara Hayes, OAM, RN, EM, DNSc (Co-Supervisor) Kim Foster, RN, PhD (Associate Supervisor) Jacinta Elston, MPH (Indigenous Cultural Supervisor) DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to the Father of my spirit, who has given me all good things, and to the father of my body Thomas Joseph Geia whose shoulders I still ride on; whose footprints I follow. To Betty Geia my gracious mother who with my father showed me the way to get wisdom and understanding and whose influence in my life continue to this day. To the Bwgcolman people whom I am privileged to be amongst and to call myself a Bwgcolman, my hope and dream is to see your footprints going forward in freedom to the four corners of the earth creating new stories. Finally, to my boys Daniel, Raymond and Khalu who endured with me through the years of this study. I thank them for accepting my parenting of them; for lasting the journey up many mountains and through many valleys, my quiver is full; I love you with all my heart. May you be blessed as you become fathers and raise your children to walk with integrity in the two worlds of your past and your future. i STATEMENT OF ACCESS I, the undersigned, the author of this thesis, understand that James Cook University Library, by microfilm or by other means, allows access to users in other approved libraries. All users consulting this thesis will have to sign the following statement: “In consulting this thesis, I agree not to copy or closely paraphrase it in whole or part without the consent of the author; and to make proper written acknowledgement for any assistance, which I have obtained from it”. Beyond this I do not wish to place any restriction on access to this thesis. 3 September 2012 (Lynore K. Geia) (Date) ii STATEMENT OF SOURCES DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is my own work and had not been submitted in any form for another degree or diploma at any university or other institution of tertiary education. Information derived from the published, unpublished or oral work of others has acknowledged in the text and a list of references is given. 3 September 2012 (Lynore Karen Geia) (Date) Cover design: Creative representation of the map of Palm Island by Lynore K. Geia (author of the thesis). The design is simple yet complex as it conveys the Bwgcolman community in itself, a Bwgcolman family or a Bwgcolman person stepping forward into the future making new footprints. iii STATEMENT OF OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS I wish to acknowledge and thank the following scholarship providers whose generous contributions helped my young family and I during this PhD candidature, Carolyn Dixon and The Thelma Myers Aboriginal and Torres Island Memorial Nursing Research Scholarship; The Wood family and the Wood Scholarship; the Building Indigenous Research Capacity Grant; and finally the Australian Federation of Graduate Women-ACT for the summer accommodation bursary allowing me to conduct further research at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies in Canberra. I would also like to extend my appreciation and thank you to Professor Ian Wronski and Catrina Felton-Busch for their support in the Faculty of Medicine, Health and Molecular Science. I also wish to acknowledge the contribution of Associate Professor Lee Stewart, colleagues and staff of the School of Nursing, Midwifery & Nutrition, Townsville for their unwavering administrative and research assistance when I needed it, and for creating a safe and stimulating writing space where Room 246 became my writing sanctuary. Acknowledgement must go to Joy Sinclair for her gift of listening and transcribing the many nuances of the Bwgcolman creole into text. I extend my gratitude to the Palm Island Aboriginal Shire Council and Relationships Australia Queensland for their contribution in granting me the opportunity to pursue this course of study in the Palm Island Community and in the work place. I especially acknowledge Andrew Davis and Rebecca Lee (nee Wielandt) for their professional and personal friendship and support. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This PhD journey could not have been completed without the indefatigable support of the following people. Firstly, my heartfelt thank you and appreciation to the Bwgcolman Storytellers, Erykah Kyle, Andrea Kyle-Sailor and Erica Kyle; Dawn James, Pam Barry, and Nikki Barry; Mavis Foster, Dianne Foster-Clumpoint and Larissa Clumpoint; Beryl Gorringe, Boleen Gorringe and Sondra Gorringe and finally, Betty Geia Snr, Magdalena Blackley and Keira Blackley. Women of courage and vision who shared their stories and space with me, without them this thesis would not be possible. Secondly, my academic supervisors Professor Kim Usher (Principal Supervisor), Emeritus Professor Barbara Hayes (Co-Supervisor) and Associate Professor Kim Foster (Associate Supervisor); I thank you for your scholarly guidance and direction and walking this journey with me. I especially thank Associate Professor Jacinta Elston (Indigenous Cultural Supervisor) for your support as another Murri academic bringing both community and academic perspective to this PhD journey. Thank you also to my intellectual friends Professor Sue McGinty my Research Student Monitor and Associate Professor Jane Mills for giving their time to read and comment on my work as critical friends. Thank you also must go to Mrs Rachel Cummins, my Bwgcolman mentor, and keeper of knowledge who spent many hours yarning with me about Palm Island, its history and people; whose lives are forever entwined with ours. I hope to read your thesis one day. To my friends who over the last six years cared for my boys and I through my candidature, thank you for the warm beds, cooked meals, childcare, shoulders to cry on and various other supports that the boys and I required. A special thank you to Karl Horsburgh and Karen Hauser for your care of the boys and giving me time when I needed it. Thank you also to Jeff and Clare Harrison, Andrew and Tricia Hicks, John and Brenda Chate, John and v Trisha Mowczko, Dave and Jenny Willis and Paul Enders for your constant encouragement and support. I particularly thank Kerry-Ellen Logan, Marilyn, Dawn and Glenda; your prayers carried me through. To my colleagues and peers in the School of Nursing, Midwifery and Nutrition on the Townsville and Cairns campuses, you make nursing the great profession that it is, thank you. To Marg Heslop, thank you for teaching me the foundations of nursing and making it fun. To Betty Sawyers, wherever you are, I am forever grateful for your belief in me and your help in opening the door to my nursing career. To the leads and fellow Indigenous researchers of the Building Indigenous Research Capacity (BIRC) Grant, it is wonderful to share our Indigenous knowledge around the BIRC table bringing our unique selves into academia and still retaining our Indigenous integrity with all its laughter and tears, thank you. Finally, but not the least I thank my own family, my mother Betty, my siblings, Elizabeth, Virginia, Magdalena, Jennifer, Thomas, Nathaniel, Ron, Naomi and David, my nieces and nephews and their children, whom with my wider family members enriches my life. Thank you for your prayers, patience, support, and encouragement and making memories together in our family story. vi PREFACE How to Read this Thesis This study is written from an Australian Indigenous perspective by an Australian Indigenous Researcher. It is informed by the philosophical and conceptual underpinnings of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island knowledge and practice construct and, specifically, from a Palm Island (Bwgcolman) perspective. I know that it is difficult for anyone who is not a Bwgcolman person to understand the particular history of oppression that Palm Island has endured since 1918; however, under this layer of oppression the Bwgcolman people themselves remained strong and reared their families to be strong. This did not happen to all families therefore it is my conviction that someone like myself must articulate the strength of the people so that future policies will be liberating and not continue the oppression. Thus I have included my own memories of childhood and early adulthood to demonstrate how healthy cultural practices in childrearing can continue despite what may seem to be under overwhelming circumstances. To unpack the many layers of oppression on Bwgcolman culture and practices, I use various forms of communication styles that are consistent both with the Indigenous understandings of knowledge and also western understandings of scholarship in privileging the voices of the Indigenous family storytellers. I understand that privileging the voices of participants is inherent in the ethics of research. But I am arguing now that Bwgcolman people’s voices have been silenced for so long and their efforts to speak out have been devalued or given tokenistic weight for so long that out of their own agency they choose now to speak to selected persons who not only share their life experiences but who will also privilege their voices with unfiltered integrity.