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John Buchan and Liberals Malcolm Baines Liberalism and Liberals in John Buchan’S Life and Fiction Roger Ward the Strange Death of Liberal Birmingham J For the study of Liberal, SDP and Issue 82 / Spring 2014 / £6.00 Liberal Democrat history Journal of LiberalHI ST O R Y John Buchan and Liberals Malcolm Baines Liberalism and Liberals in John Buchan’s life and fiction Roger Ward The strange death of Liberal Birmingham J. Graham Jones Lloyd George and the Carnarvon Boroughs 1890–1895 Graham Lippiatt Decline and Fall: the Liberal Party and the 1922, ’23 and ’24 elections Report Martin Pugh Conspiracy of Secrets Review Liberal Democrat History Group 2 Journal of Liberal History 82 Spring 2014 Journal of Liberal History Issue 82: Spring 2014 The Journal of Liberal History is published quarterly by the Liberal Democrat History Group. ISSN 1479-9642 Liberal history news 4 Editor: Duncan Brack Obituary of Marion Thorpe; Rescuing Jews from Nazis; On this day in history Deputy Editor: Tom Kiehl Assistant Editor: Siobhan Vitelli Biographies Editor: Robert Ingham Liberalism and Liberals in John Buchan’s life and 6 Reviews Editor: Dr Eugenio Biagini fiction Contributing Editors: Graham Lippiatt, Tony Little, York Membery An outsider’s view of early twentieth-century Liberals; by Malcolm Baines Patrons The strange death of Liberal Birmingham 16 Dr Eugenio Biagini; Professor Michael Freeden; Roger Ward analyses the decline of Liberalism in nineteenth-century Professor John Vincent Birmingham Editorial Board Lloyd George and the Carnarvon Boroughs, 26 Dr Malcolm Baines; Dr Ian Cawood; Dr Matt Cole; 1890–95 Dr Roy Douglas; Dr David Dutton; Prof. David Gowland; Prof. Richard Grayson; Dr Michael Hart; Peter Hellyer; Dr J. Graham Jones examines the history of Lloyd George’s constituency when Dr Alison Holmes; Dr J. Graham Jones; Dr Tudor Jones; he first represented it Tony Little; Michael Meadowcroft; Dr Michael Steed; Dr Mark Pack; Dr Ian Packer; Dr John Powell; Jaime Report 38 Reynolds; Dr Andrew Russell; Dr Iain Sharpe Decline and fall: the Liberal Party and the elections of 1922, 1923 and 1924; with Michael Steed and Pat Thane; report by Graham Lippiatt Editorial/Correspondence Contributions to the Journal – letters, articles, and book reviews – are invited. The Journal is a refereed Reviews 44 publication; all articles submitted will be reviewed. Dutton, A History of the Liberal Party since 1900, reviewed by Duncan Brack; Contributions should be sent to: Neate, Conspiracy of Secrets, reviewed by Martin Pugh; Williams, Worsted to Duncan Brack (Editor) Westminster: the extraordinary life of Rev Dr Charles Leach MP, reviewed by Tony 54 Midmoor Road, London SW12 0EN Little; Wyburn-Powell, Defectors and the Liberal Party, 1910–2010: a study of inter- email: [email protected] party relations, reviewed by J. Graham Jones All articles copyright © Journal of Liberal History. All rights reserved. Letters to the Editor 50 Election agents (J. R. Howe and Antony Hook) Advertisements Full page £100; half page £60; quarter page £35. Discounts available for repeat ads or offers to readers (e.g. discounted book prices). To place ads, please contact the Editor. Subscriptions/Membership An annual subscription to the Journal of Liberal History costs £20.00 (£12.50 unwaged rate). This includes membership of the History Group unless you inform us otherwise. Non-UK subscribers should add £10.00. Institutional rate £50.00, including online access. As well as printed copies, online subscribers can access online copies of current and past Journals. Online subscriptions are available to individuals at £40.00. Cheques (payable to ‘Liberal Democrat History Group’) should be sent to: Patrick Mitchell 6 Palfrey Place, London SW8 1PA; email: [email protected] Liberal Democrat History Group Payment is also possible via our website, www.liberalhistory.org.uk. The Liberal Democrat History Group promotes the discussion and research of topics relating to the histories of the Liberal Democrats, Liberal Party, and SDP, and of Liberalism. The Cover design concept: Lynne Featherstone Group organises discussion meetings and produces the Journal of Liberal History and other Published by the Liberal Democrat History Group, occasional publications. c/o 54 Midmoor Road, London SW12 0EN For more information, including historical commentaries, details of publications, back issues Printed by Kall-Kwik, of the Journal, and archive and other research sources, see our website at: 18 Colville Road, London W3 8BL www.liberalhistory.org.uk. June 2014 Chair: Tony Little Honorary President: Lord Wallace of Saltaire Journal of Liberal History 82 Spring 2014 3 LIBERAL HisTORY NEWS SPRing 2014 Obituary: Marion Thorpe CBE (1926 –2014) Marion Thorpe, the second the 6th Earl (1882–1947) and his background he once described the end of a row, was given to wife of Jeremy Thorpe, the wife, Her Royal Highness the as ‘Jewish and sophisticated’. Marion by George Harewood former Leader of the Liberal Princess Mary, later the Prin- In 1973, Marion married as part of her divorce settlement Party, died on 6 March 2014. cess Royal (1897–1965); King Jeremy Thorpe, who had been in 1967. Marion’s second son, She was 87. George V’s only daughter, she Leader of the Liberal Party James Lascelles, also has a flat in Marion Stein was born in was a sister of King George since 1967. His first wife, Caro- the building. Austria at 13 Momsengasse, VI and an aunt of our present line Allpass, had been killed In 2008 Marion Thorpe was Vienna 4, on 18 October 1926. Queen. in a car crash in 1970,leaving appointed CBE for services to Her Jewish father, Erwin Stein, Despite objections by Queen Thorpe with a young son to music. She founded the Leeds had been a musician and was Mary (Marion was half Jew- bring up. In 1975, two years International Piano Competi- then a conductor at the Darm- ish and her brother fought on after his marriage to Marion, tion, with Fanny Waterman, in stadt Theatre. Mrs Stein, her the German side in the war) the rumours and allegations began 1961. Her favourite composer mother, was formerly Sofie couple married in 1949. Queen to emerge about Thorpe’s rela- was Mahler. She still loved to Backmann, a Christian clergy- Mary duly attended the wed- tionship, fifteen years earlier, play the piano, even in old age, man’s daughter. ding, along with all the other with Norman Scott, a former while Jeremy’s favourite musi- The family fled to Lon- members of the Royal Family, male model. Scott’s allegation cal instrument was always the don in 1938, when the Nazis apart from Princess Marina, that Thorpe had attempted violin. marched into Austria. When Duchess of Kent, who decided to have him murdered led to Her husband, Jeremy, along she arrived in London, Marion to absent herself – though not Thorpe appearing at the Old with his son from his first mar- knew very little English. She with her three children, who Bailey on a murder charge in riage, Rupert (Marion’s step- attended Kensington High all attended – with an entirely 1979. son) and her three sons from her School and rapidly became a unconvincing excuse of having Although Thorpe was first marriage to Lord Hare- star pupil, winning prizes for to go abroad because of a previ- acquitted, a large amount wood survive her. English and music, and end- ously arranged holiday. of Marion’s capital from her I have very fond memories ing up as a school prefect. At 18, Marion and George Hare- divorce settlement was spent on of two excellent parties the she left school to study music at wood went on to have three Thorpe’s enormous legal fees; Thorpes threw at the National the Royal College of Music. To sons. After ten years of even some of her jewellery was Liberal Club. The first, in 1999, help with the family income, marriage,the relationship sold off to support Jeremy in his was in the David Lloyd George she started giving piano lessons started to fray. In 1967, Mar- legal battle to defend himself room to celebrate the launch of and also gave recitals at musical ion successfully petitioned against a Crown prosecution. Jeremy’s autobiography In My soirees and concerts. for divorce on the grounds of Two years after the trial, Own Time. The second party Through her father,who had her husband’s adultery with Thorpe developed Parkinson’s took place just a few years ago, taken a senior position at the Patricia Tuckwell (a musi- Disease, which has become in the Smoking Room, to mark musical publishers, Boosey & cian, who had given birth to steadily worse as the years have Jeremy’s 80th birthday. The Hawkes, Marion met all the top Harewood’s illegitimate son, progressed. champagne flowed all evening, musicians and composers of the Mark Lascelles, in 1964; she Despite Thorpe’s murder and I can see them both now, day at the family flat. It was in became Harewood’s second trial and his serious health in separate wheelchairs, but a good location, off Kensington wife in 1967). The divorce cost problems, Marion’s second ‘parked’ close together, holding High Street, near to Leighton Lord Harewood a fortune, and marriage was a very happy hands and smiling. House,on a corner, at 22 Mel- he was forced to sell a Titian, and successful one. The couple Ronald Porter bury Road. It was there that she along with other objets d’art always made the big decisions formed a very close and life- from the Harewood House col- in their lives together, after long friendship with Benjamin lection, in the late 1960s. And much calm discussion. The last Rescuing Jews from Nazis Britten and Peter Pears.She what was far worse, as Hare- decision they made was a par- The History Group has helped them set up the Alde- wood later recalled, his close ticularly painful one for both received a query about the burgh Festival just after the friends Benjamin Brittan and of them, as they decided to sell occasion in January 1943 on Second World War.
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