In the Knysna Estuary
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https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ Theses Digitisation: https://www.gla.ac.uk/myglasgow/research/enlighten/theses/digitisation/ This is a digitised version of the original print thesis. Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] ASPECTS OF THE BIOLOGY OF THE SQUAT LOBSTER, MUNIDA RUGOSA (FABRICIUS, 1775). Khadija Abdulla Yousuf Zainal, BSc. (Cairo). A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Science at the University of Glasgow. August 1990 Department of Zoology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ. University Marine Biological Station, Millport, Isle of Cumbrae, Scotland KA28 OEG. ProQuest Number: 11007559 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11007559 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). -
Two New Paleogene Species of Mud Shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Upogebiidae) from Europe and North America
Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum, no. 33 (2006), p. 77–85, 2 pls., 1 fig. © 2006, Mizunami Fossil Museum Two new Paleogene species of mud shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Upogebiidae) from Europe and North America Rene H. B. Fraaije1, Barry W. M. van Bakel1, John W. M. Jagt2, and Yvonne Coole3 1Oertijdmuseum De Groene Poort, Bosscheweg 80, NL-5283 WB Boxtel, the Netherlands <[email protected]> 2Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, de Bosquetplein 6-7, NL-6211 KJ Maastricht, the Netherlands <[email protected]> 3St. Maartenslaan 88, NL-6039 BM Stramproy, the Netherlands Abstract Two new species of the mud shrimp genus Upogebia (Callianassoidea, Upogebiidae) are described; U. lambrechtsi sp. nov. from the lower Eocene (Ypresian) of Egem (northwest Belgium), and U. barti sp. nov. from the upper Oligocene (Chattian) of Washington State (USA). Both new species here described have been collected from small, ball-shaped nodules; they are relatively well preserved and add important new data on the palaeobiogeographic distribution of fossil upogebiids. Key words: Crustacea, Decapoda, Upogebiidae, Eocene, Oligocene, Belgium, USA, new species Introduction Jurassic species of Upogebia have been recorded, in stratigraphic order: On modern tidal flats, burrowing upogebiid shrimps constitute the dominant decapod crustacean group. For instance, in the 1 – Upogebia rhacheochir Stenzel, 1945 (p. 432, text-fig. 12; pl. intertidal zone of the northern Adriatic (Mediterranean, southern 42); Britton Formation (Eagle Ford Group), northwest of Dallas Europe) up to 200 individuals per square metre have been recorded (Texas, USA). Stenzel (1945, p. 408) dated the Britton (Dworschak, 1987). Worldwide, several dozens of species of Formation as early Turonian, but a late Cenomanian age is Upogebia and related genera are known, and their number is still more likely (compare Jacobs et al., 2005). -
Biology of Mediterranean and Caribbean Thalassinidea (Decapoda)
Biology of Mediterranean and Caribbean Thalassinidea (Decapoda) Peter C. DWORSCHAK Dritte Zoologische Abteilung, Naturhistorisches Museum, Burgring 7, A 1014 Wien, Austria ([email protected]) Abstract Among burrowing organisms, the most complex and extensive burrow systems are found within the Thalassinidea. This group of decapods comprises some 520+ species in currently 11 families and 80+ genera. They live predominantly in very shallow waters, where they often occur in high densities and influence the whole sedimentology and geochemistry of the seabed. In this contribution I present results of studies on the biology of several Mediterranean (Upogebia pusilla, U. tipica, Pestarella tyrrhena, P. candida, Jaxea nocturna) and Caribbean (Axiopsis serratifrons, Neocallichirus grandimana, Glypturus acanthochirus, Corallianassa longiventris) species. Of special interest is the occurrence of debris-filled chambers in the burrows of two callianassid species, Pestarella tyrrhena and Corallianassa longiventris. The possible role of this introduced plant material for the nutrition of the shrimps is discussed. 1. Introduction The Thalassinidea are a group of mainly burrowing decapod shrimps. They have attracted increased attention in recent ecological studies on marine soft-bottom benthos, especially in terms of their influence on the whole sedimentology and geochemistry of the seabed (Ziebis et al., 1996a, b), their bioturbating activities (Rowden & Jones, 1993; Rowden et al., 1998a, b) and consequent effects on benthic community structure (Posey, 1986; Posey et al., 1991; Wynberg & Branch, 1994; Tamaki, 1994). They are of particular interest because they construct very complex and extensive burrow systems (Griffis & Suchanek, 1991; Nickell & Atkinson, 1995). This group of decapods comprises some 520+ species in currently 11 families and 80+ genera. -
The Significance of Shore Height in Intertidal Macrobenthic Seagrass
AQUATIC CONSERVATION: MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 21: 614–624 (2011) Published online 20 October 2011 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI: 10.1002/aqc.1234 The significance of shore height in intertidal macrobenthic seagrass ecology and conservation R. S. K. BARNESa,b,* and M. D. F. ELLWOODb aKnysna Field Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 1186, Knysna, RSA bDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK ABSTRACT 1. Benthic faunal assemblages of an intertidal seagrass bed were sampled at three shore heights (LWN, MLW, LWS) at the mouth, mid-point and head of the Steenbok Channel in South Africa’s premier seagrass site, the warm-temperate Knysna estuarine bay, Garden Route National Park. 2. Faunal abundance, species richness, species diversity, and proportion of rare species were relatively uniform along the Channel, as were faunal abundance, species diversity and proportion of rare species down the shore. Overall species richness per station, however, was significantly lower at LWN than at either MLW or LWS, although the distribution of species richness over the shore did not depart from random at one of the three sites. Overall faunal abundance and those of individual component species were dispersed patchily through the bed. 3. The nature of the faunal assemblages present, however, varied significantly throughout the bed, both along the Channel at each shore-height horizon, and down the shore at each site. LWN assemblages formed a unit distinct from those at MLW and LWS. Overall, the shore-height axis accounted for 47% and the along-shore axis 28% of total assemblage variation. -
Determination of the Biologically Relevant Sampling Depth for Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecological Risk Assessments
EPA/600/R-15/176 ERASC-015F October 2015 DETERMINATION OF THE BIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT SAMPLING DEPTH FOR TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENTS Ecological Risk Assessment Support Center National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH NOTICE This document has been subjected to the Agency’s peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Cover art on left-hand side is an adaptation of illustrations in two Soil Quality Information Sheets published by the USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service in May 2001: 1) Rangeland Sheet 6, Rangeland Soil Quality—Organic Matter, and 2) Rangeland Sheet 8, Rangeland Soil Quality—Soil Biota. Cover art on right-hand side is an adaptation of an illustration from Life in the Chesapeake Bay, by Alice Jane Lippson and Robert L. Lippson, published by Johns Hopkins University Press, 2715 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218. Preferred Citation: U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2015. Determination of the Biologically Relevant Sampling Depth for Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecological Risk Assessments. National Center for Environmental Assessment, Ecological Risk Assessment Support Center, Cincinnati, OH. EPA/600/R-15/176. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ -
Methods Collecting Axiidea and Gebiidea (Decapoda): a Review 5-21 Ann
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien Jahr/Year: 2015 Band/Volume: 117B Autor(en)/Author(s): Dworschak Peter C. Artikel/Article: Methods collecting Axiidea and Gebiidea (Decapoda): a review 5-21 Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 117 5–21 Wien, Jänner 2015 Methods collecting Axiidea and Gebiidea (Decapoda): a review P.C. Dworschak* Abstract Axiidea and Gebiidae (formerly treated together as Thalassinidea) have a crypic lifestyle. Collecting these shrimp therefore requires special field methods. The present paper reviews these methods according to habitats and provides recommendations as well as data on their efficiency. In addition, information on the preservation of these animals is presented. Key words: Thalassinidea, Axiidea, Gebiidea, method, collecting, preservation Zusammenfassung Maulwurfskrebse aus den zwei Unterordungen der zehnfüßigen Krebes Axiidea und Gebiidea (früher zusammengefaßt als Thalassinidea) kommen in temperaten, subtropischen und tropischen Meeren vor und zeichnen sich durch ein Leben im Verborgenen aus. Viele Arten legen tiefe und ausgedehnte Bauten an. Diese Lebensweise erfordert eigene Methoden, um die Krebse zu fangen. Die verschiedenen Fangmethoden werden hier vorgestellt und Angaben zur Effizienz gemacht. Zusätzlich werden Angaben zur Fixierung und Konservierung der Krebse präsentiert. Introduction Formerly treated together as the thalassinideans, the infraorders Gebiidea DE SAINT LAURENT, 1979 and Axiidea DE SAINT LAURENT, 1979 represent two distinctly separate groups of decapods (ROBLES et al. 2009; BRACKEN et al. 2009; DWORSCHAK et al. 2012, POORE et al., 2014). They are commonly called mud shrimp or ghost shrimp, although they are only distantly related to true (dendrobranchiate or caridean) shrimp. -
Currently Upogebia Capensis; Crustacea, Decapoda): Proposed Replacement of Neotype, So Conserving the Usage of Capensis and Also That of C
Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 49(3) September 1992 Case 2827 Gebia major capensis Kraiiss, 1843 (currently Upogebia capensis; Crustacea, Decapoda): proposed replacement of neotype, so conserving the usage of capensis and also that of C. africana Ortmann, 1894 (currently Upogebia africana) N. Ngoc-Ho Laboratoire de Zoologie (Arthropodes), Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 61 rue de Buffon, 75231 Paris, France Gary C.B. Poore Department of Crustacea, Museum of Victoria, Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia Abstract. The purpose of this application is to conserve the accustomed usage of the specific names of two South African species of prawns: Upogebia capensis (Krauss, 1843) and U. africana (Ortmann, 1894). The latter species is commonly known as the mud-prawn or mud-shrimp. It is proposed to designate a replacement neotype for capensis from material of the species as presently understood; the previously designated neotype is a specimen oi africana. 1. Three species oi Gebia Leach, 1815 (p. 342; family UPOGEBIIDAE) were described from South Africa. Gebia major var. capensis Krauss, 1843 (p. 54) was originally described as a variety of Gebia major de Haan, [1841] (pi. 35, fig. 7; text (p. 165) published in [1849]; see Sherborn & Jentink (1895, p. 150) and Holthuis (1953, p. 37) for the dates of publication). The type material from Table Bay is now lost. The original description was short and by modern standards very incomplete and cannot be definitely reconciled with any single species known today. G. subspinosa Stimpson, 1860 (p. 22) was described from Simon's Bay; the fate of its type material is unknown. -
And Nutrients: Consequences for Benthic Community Structure and Ecosystem Functioning
Interactions between ecosystem engineering by burrowing sandprawns (Callichirus kraussi) and nutrients: consequences for benthic community structure and ecosystem functioning Welly Qwabe Dissertation Submitted for the degree of Doctor of PhilosophyTown in the Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Supervisor: of Dr Deena Pillay University University of Cape Town, Faculty of Science Department of Biological Sciences Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town South Africa The copyright of this thesis vests inTown the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes Capeonly. of Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University TABLE OF CONTENT Page Plagiarism declaration………………………………………………………………………………………….…. 1 Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 Abstracts…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………….………. 8 1.1 The ecosystem engineering concept……………………………………………………………….… 9 1.2 Development and controversies regarding the concept of ecosystem engineering……………………………………............................................................................ 10 1.3 Ecosystem engineering in intertidal soft-sediment habitats…………………………….… 12 1.4 The burrowing sandprawn Callichirus kraussi: organism of this study………........... 1 6 1.5 Ecosystem engineering -
Population Structure and Fecundity of Upogebia Omissa (Decapoda: Gebiidea: Upogebiidae) in an Estuarine Region in Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil
Pesquisa e Ensino em Ciências ISSN 2526-8236 (online edition) Exatas e da Natureza Pesquisa e Ensino em Ciências 2(2): 95–104 (2018) ARTICLE Research and Teaching in Exatas e da Natureza © 2018 UFCG / CFP / UACEN Exact and Natural Sciences Population structure and fecundity of Upogebia omissa (Decapoda: Gebiidea: Upogebiidae) in an estuarine region in Sergipe, northeastern Brazil Rafael de Carvalho Santos1,2, Luiz Filipe Santos Silva3, Bruna dos Santos3, Juliana Menezes Motta3 & Douglas Fernandes Rodrigues Alves1,4 (1) Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Carcinologia, Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] (2) Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia de Camarões Marinhos e de Água Doce (LABCAM), Bauru 81531-980, São Paulo, Brazil. (3) Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia, Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil. (4) Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Group of Studies on Crustacean Biology, Ecology and Culture (NEBECC), Botucatu 18618-000, São Paulo, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] Santos R.C., Silva L.F.S., Santos B., Motta J.M. & Alves D.F.R. (2018) Population structure and fecundity of Upogebia omissa (Decapoda: Gebiidea: Upogebiidae) in an estuarine region in Sergipe, northeastern Brazil. Pesquisa e Ensino em Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, 2(2): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.29215/pecen.v2i2.1064 Academic editor: Mauro de Melo Júnior. Received: 06 April 2018. -
Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea)
Marine Biology (1999) 133: 103±114 Ó Springer-Verlag 1999 E. H. Pinn á L. A. Nickell á A. Rogerson R. J. A. Atkinson Comparison of gut morphology and gut micro¯ora of seven species of mud shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea) Received: 3 July 1998 / Accepted: 8 October 1998 Abstract The gut morphology is described for seven The arrangement of these projections varied between species of Thalassinidea; Callianassa subterranea species. A gut ¯ora was observed for six of the seven (Montagu), Jaxea nocturna Nardo, Axius stirhynchus species, the exception being C. macandreae. The dier- Leach, Calocaris macandreae Bell, Upogebia pusilla ences observed in the structure of the gut are discussed (Petagna), U. deltaura (Leach) and U. stellata (Montagu). in relation to feeding and thalassinidean phylogeny. Dierences were observed in the structure of the dorsal and lateral teeth of the gastric mill. Callianassa subterranea and A. stirhynchus had simple robust dorsal Introduction teeth and proportionally larger lateral teeth with ¯exible spines. The three upogebiids had complex dorsal teeth Because of their fossorial lifestyle, thalassinideans have that were highly ridged and proportionally smaller lat- often been overlooked in benthic community studies, eral teeth with in¯exible spines. The dorsal and lateral although they are one of the most numerous inhabitants teeth of J. nocturna were intermediate in form. The of eulittoral and sublittoral soft sediments (Hailstone dorsal tooth of Calocaris macandreae, although rela- and Stephenson 1961; de Vaugelas 1985; Tunberg 1986; tively simple in design, possessed accessory projections, Murphy and Kremer 1992). The activities of thalassini- or ``wings'', on either side of the main structure. -
Decapoda, Thalassinidea) III
DuorichakJlSS P. S. Z. N. I.: Marine Ecology, 9 (1): 51-77 (1988) Accepted: October 2,1987 © 1988 Paul Parey Scientific Publishers, Berlin and Hamburg ISSN 0173-9565 The Biology of Upogebia pusilla (PETAGNA) (Decapoda, Thalassinidea) III. Growth and Production PETER C. DWORSCHAK Institute of Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. With 10 figures and 2 tables Key words: Upogebia pusilla, Decapoda, Thalassinidea, moulting, growth, breeding, production, Mediterranean. Table of contents: 63 c. Eggs 52 Problem 63 1. Attachment of eggs 52 Material and Methods 63 2. Egg numbers 53 Results 64 3. Egg size 53 1. Measurements related to growth 65 4. Egg weight 55 2. Size frequencies 65 5. Egg masses 56 3. Sex ratios 65 6. Incubation time 58 4. Growth 65 d. The ovaries 58 a. Moulting 67 e. Breeding sequence 58 b. Exuviae 68 f. Larvae 58 c. Duration of intermoult period 68 6. Parasites and diseases 59 d. Moult increment 69 7. Energetic aspects of production 61 e. Growth rates 70 Discussion 62 5. Reproduction 73 Summary 62 a. Breeding period 74 Acknowledgements 62 b. Size at maturity 75 References Abstract. Populations of the thalassinidean shrimp Upogebia pusilla were studied on tidal flats in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Biometric analysis showed a sexual dimorphism, especially in propodus size. Size frequency distributions revealed the presence of large animals during all seasons; recruitment by juveniles occurred in autumn. Moult intervals and moult increments were determined in the laboratory and used to generate growth curves which were compared with those calculated from size frequency distributions. -
Ecosystem Impacts of Intertidal Invertebrate Harvesting: from Benthic Habitats to Bird
Ecosystem impacts of intertidal invertebrate harvesting: from benthic habitats to bird predators Leo J. Clarke This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Bournemouth University in collaboration with Natural England and the Southern Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authority. This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and due acknowledgement must always be made of the use of any material contained in, or derived from, this thesis. i Abstract Leo J. Clarke Ecosystem impacts of intertidal invertebrate harvesting: from benthic habitats to bird predators. Intertidal harvesting of marine invertebrates has significant potential to come into conflict with the interests of nature conservation. This is particularly so for overwintering shorebirds that rely heavily on invertebrate prey to maintain body condition throughout the winter and to fuel migration towards breeding grounds. Harvesting activities in these areas therefore require careful management to achieve sustainability and to maintain healthy ecosystem functioning. This thesis investigates impacts of intertidal harvesting on benthic habitats and invertebrate communities as well as the potential impacts of harvesting on shorebird populations. Implications for management of inshore and intertidal fisheries are discussed. A meta-analysis investigated the response of key invertebrate prey groups to different gear types used in different intertidal habitats. Hand gathering most severely reduces prey abundance, which is likely to be due to the accuracy of harvesting with these gear types, while recovery trends vary between different combinations of gear and habitat and taxonomic groups.