The Real Story of Zbigniew Brzezinski That the Media Isn’T Telling
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Great Game to 9/11
Air Force Engaging the World Great Game to 9/11 A Concise History of Afghanistan’s International Relations Michael R. Rouland COVER Aerial view of a village in Farah Province, Afghanistan. Photo (2009) by MSst. Tracy L. DeMarco, USAF. Department of Defense. Great Game to 9/11 A Concise History of Afghanistan’s International Relations Michael R. Rouland Washington, D.C. 2014 ENGAGING THE WORLD The ENGAGING THE WORLD series focuses on U.S. involvement around the globe, primarily in the post-Cold War period. It includes peacekeeping and humanitarian missions as well as Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom—all missions in which the U.S. Air Force has been integrally involved. It will also document developments within the Air Force and the Department of Defense. GREAT GAME TO 9/11 GREAT GAME TO 9/11 was initially begun as an introduction for a larger work on U.S./coalition involvement in Afghanistan. It provides essential information for an understanding of how this isolated country has, over centuries, become a battleground for world powers. Although an overview, this study draws on primary- source material to present a detailed examination of U.S.-Afghan relations prior to Operation Enduring Freedom. Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. government. Cleared for public release. Contents INTRODUCTION The Razor’s Edge 1 ONE Origins of the Afghan State, the Great Game, and Afghan Nationalism 5 TWO Stasis and Modernization 15 THREE Early Relations with the United States 27 FOUR Afghanistan’s Soviet Shift and the U.S. -
The Battle for Pakistan
ebooksall.com ebooksall.com ebooksall.com SHUJA NAWAZ THE BATTLE F OR PAKISTAN The Bitter US Friendship and a Tough Neighbourhood PENGUIN BOOKS ebooksall.com Contents Important Milestones 2007–19 Abbreviations and Acronyms Preface: Salvaging a Misalliance 1. The Revenge of Democracy? 2. Friends or Frenemies? 3. 2011: A Most Horrible Year! 4. From Tora Bora to Pathan Gali 5. Internal Battles 6. Salala: Anatomy of a Failed Alliance 7. Mismanaging the Civil–Military Relationship 8. US Aid: Leverage or a Trap? 9. Mil-to-Mil Relations: Do More 10. Standing in the Right Corner 11. Transforming the Pakistan Army 12. Pakistan’s Military Dilemma 13. Choices Footnotes Important Milestones 2007–19 Preface: Salvaging a Misalliance 1. The Revenge of Democracy? 2. Friends or Frenemies? 3. 2011: A Most Horrible Year! 4. From Tora Bora to Pathan Gali 5. Internal Battles 6. Salala: Anatomy of a Failed Alliance 7. Mismanaging the Civil–Military Relationship 8. US Aid: Leverage or a Trap? 9. Mil-to-Mil Relations: Do More 10. Standing in the Right Corner 11. Transforming the Pakistan Army 12. Pakistan’s Military Dilemma 13. Choices Select Bibliography ebooksall.com Acknowledgements Follow Penguin Copyright ebooksall.com Advance Praise for the Book ‘An intriguing, comprehensive and compassionate analysis of the dysfunctional relationship between the United States and Pakistan by the premier expert on the Pakistan Army. Shuja Nawaz exposes the misconceptions and contradictions on both sides of one of the most crucial bilateral relations in the world’ —BRUCE RIEDEL, senior fellow and director of the Brookings Intelligence Project, and author of Deadly Embrace: Pakistan, America and the Future of the Global Jihad ‘A superb, thoroughly researched account of the complex dynamics that have defined the internal and external realities of Pakistan over the past dozen years. -
Research Paper N°12 August 2014
Centre Français de Recherche sur le Renseignement OPERATION CYCLONE AND ITS CONSEQUENCES Research Paper n°12 August 2014 21 boulevard Haussmann, 75009 Paris - France Tél. : 33 1 53 43 92 44 Fax : 33 1 53 43 92 92 www.cf2r.org Association régie par la loi du 1er juillet 1901 SIRET n° 453 441 602 000 19 ! Centre!Français!de!Recherche!sur!le!Renseignement! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! OPERATION!CYCLONE! AND!ITS!CONSEQUENCES! % % % ! ! Dr%FARHAN%ZAHID%% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Research!Paper!n°12!<!August!2014! _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________% 21%Boulevard%Haussmann,%75009%Paris%<%France% Tél.%:%33%1%53%43%92%44%%%%%Fax%:%33%1%53%43%92%92%%%%%www.cF2r.orG% Association%réGie%par%la%loi%du%1er%juillet%1901%%%%%SIRET%n°%453%441%602%000%19% % 2 ! ! ! ! PRESENTATION%OF% % ! ! ! ! Founded!in!2000,!the!FRENCH!CENTRE!FOR!INTELLIGENCE!RESEARCH!(CF2R)! is! an! independent! Think& Tank,! regulated! by! the! French! Association! Law! of! 1901,! and! specialised! in! the! study! of! intelligence! and! international! security.! Its! missions! are! as! follows:! M! development! of! academic! research! and! publications! on! intelligence! and! international!security,! M!provision!of!expertise!for!public!policy!stakeholders!(decisionMmakers,!government,! lawmakers,!media,!etc.),! M!dispelling!of!myths!surrounding!intelligence!and!explaining!the!role!of!intelligence! to!the!general!public.! ! ! !%ORGANISATION% ! ! The! FRENCH! CENTER! FOR! INTELLIGENCE! RESEARCH! (CF2R)! -
Conflict and Disease an Analysis of Endem Ic Polio in Northern Pakistan
CONFLICT AND DISEASE AN ANALYSIS OF ENDEM IC POLIO IN NORTHERN PAKISTAN Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy Capstone Project Submitted by Randall Quinn December 15, 2015 © 2015 Quinn http://fletcher.tufts.edu Quinn The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy Conflict and Disease An Analysis of Endemic Polio in Northern Pakistan Randall M Quinn Graduate Thesis 12-15-2015 1 Conflict and Disease Quinn Abstract Polio is a disease that held a profound impact on much of the world’s population for the first half of the 20th Century. Today it is barely an afterthought throughout the developed world, as vaccines invented in the 1950’s greatly reduced the disease burden, gradually at first and then precipitously with the onset of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative in 1988. Despite great progress, there is one remaining reservoir of wild poliovirus that remains in the world today and prevents any declaration of victory against the disease. The reservoir is centered in northern Pakistan and frequently infects populations on both sides of the Afghanistan-Pakistan border. A number of factors have contributed to this being the last global holdout. This paper aims to explore those factors and project potential policy solutions. Given the highly infectious nature of the disease and the frequent movement of people in and through this region, all of the elements are there for a global resurgence, highlighting the importance of resolving the issue as quickly and efficiently as possible. 2 Conflict and Disease Quinn Table of Contents Acronyms .................................................................................................................................................... -
Zbigniew Brzezinski's Narrative for the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Dissertations and Theses City College of New York 2019 "Excellent Propaganda" Zbigniew Brzezinski's Narrative for the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan Matt Mulhern CUNY City College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/786 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] “Excellent Propaganda” Zbigniew Brzezinski’s Narrative for the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan Matt Mulhern B.F.A. Rutgers University, 1982 Thesis Advisor – Craig Daigle, PhD Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts of the City College of the City University of New York Thesis Research B9900 December 10, 2019 1 2 The series of regime changes in Kabul that resulted in the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December of 1979 is a story of poor intelligence, false narratives, and missed opportunities to avoid conflict for both the Soviet Union and the United States. When a small faction of Afghan communists overthrew the government of Mohammed Daoud Khan and replaced him with Nur Muhammad Taraki on April 30, 1978, the United States and the Soviet Union embarked on a path of mutual suspicion and lack of trust that led to an American involvement in Afghanistan that is ongoing – forty years later. As the architect of the American response from its very beginning, Zbigniew Brzezinski, President Jimmy Carter’s National Security Advisor, bears responsibility for much of what happened. -
Monarch: the New Phoenix Program by Marshall Thomas
Monarch: The New Phoenix Program By Marshall Thomas ONE: Phoenix Program TWO: HISTORY of US Government Human Experimentation: Eugenics Human Radiation Studies Elmer Allen Granddaughter Testimony Agent Orange THREE: Cold War Doolittle McCarthyism Operation Paperclip Reinhardt Gehlen Operation Mockingbird Operation Northwoods FOUR: MKULTRA-1950’s Brainwashing- USSR, China, US Helms, Gottlieb Allen Dulles Estabrooks Cameron MKULTRA-1960’s, 1970’s – Helms, Aldrich Pandora Delgado Jolly West MKULTRA VICTIM TESTIMONY: Valerie Wolfe, Claudia Mullen, Chris DeNicola Programming levels FIVE: Nonlethal weapons Greenham Common DOD/DOJ Iraq SIX: CULTS Aquino Moon FMSF Remote viewing SEVEN: Trojan Horse EIGHT: Cointelpro NINE: CIA Blowback: Golden Triangle Ed Wilson Katherine Griggs Guatemala organ donors TEN: Directed Energy Weapons USSR Woodpecker ELEVEN: Directed Energy Weapons Scientists TWELVE: SDI/HAARP THIRTEEN: Military Doctrine MindWar The Aviary FOURTEEN: Patents/Spin-offs Implants ADS Milliwave radar FIFTEEN: CIA/Corporate Proprietaries SAIC Hadron DynCorp Operation Cyclone SIXTEEN: Law Girard John Glenn Akwei Milgram Street Theater TI experience Weed and Seed SEVENTEEN: End Game MONARCH: THE NEW PHOENIX PROGRAM Phoenix Program: The Phoenix Program, created by the CIA in 1967, was aimed at "neutralizing"—through assassination, kidnapping, and torture, the civilian infrastructure that supported the Viet Cong insurgency in South Vietnam. It was a terrifying "final solution" that violated the Geneva Conventions. The Phoenix Program's civilian targets of assassination were VC tax collectors, supply officers, political cadre, local military officials, and suspected sympathizers. Faulty intelligence often led to the murder of innocent civilians, rival Vietnamese would report their enemies as "VC" in order for US troops to kill them. In 1971, William Colby, head of CIA in Vietnam, testified the number killed was 20,857. -
Pakistan-Israel Relations: Decoding the Strategic Silence
MANEKSHAW PAPER No. 84, 2019 Pakistan-Israel Relations: Decoding The Strategic Silence D W LAN ARFA OR RE F S E T R U T D N IE E S C Divya Malhotra CLAWS VI CT N OR ISIO Y THROUGH V D W LAN ARFA OR RE F S E T R U T D N IE E S C CLAWS VI CT N OR ISIO Y THROUGH V KNOWLEDGE WORLD Centre for Land Warfare Studies KW Publishers Pvt Ltd New Delhi New Delhi Editorial Team Editor-in-Chief : Lt Gen (Dr.) V K Ahluwalia ISSN 23939729 D W LAN ARFA OR RE F S E T R U T D I W N E D E S A C LAN RFA CLAWS R R VI CT N OR ISIO Y THROUGH V O E F S Centre for Land WarfareE Studies T RPSO Complex, ParadeR Road, Delhi Cantt, New Delhi 110010 U Phone: +91.11.25691308T Fax: +91.11.25692347 D email: [email protected] website: www.claws.in IE CLAWS Army NEo. 33098 S C The Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, is an independent think-tank dealing with national security and conceptual aspects of land warfare, including conventional and sub-conventional conflicts and terrorism. CLAWS conducts research that is futuristic in outlook and policy-oriented in approach. CLAWS Vision: To establish as a leading Centre of Excellence, Research and Studies on Military Strategy & Doctrine, Land Warfare, Regional & National Security, Military Technology and Human Resource. © 2019, Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi Disclaimer: The contents of this paper are basedCLAW on theS analysis of materials accessed from open sources and are the personal views of the author. -
The Carter Administration's Pakistan Policy Before And
MARIUM SOOMRO MARIUM THE CARTER ADMINISTRATION’S PAKISTAN POLICY BEFORE AND AFTER THE SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN BEFORE AND AFTER THE SOVIET OFINVASION AFGHANISTAN The Graduate School of Economics and Social Sciences THE CARTER ADMINISTRATIO of İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University by Marium Soomro N S PAKISTAN POLICY S PAKISTAN ’ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BILKENT UNIVERSITY 2020 İHSAN DOĞRAMACI BILKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA OCTOBER 2020 To my family Daddy, Ana, Sahar, Michelle, Aqib, Zainab and Umer THE CARTER ADMINISTRATION’S PAKISTAN POLICY BEFORE AND AFTER THE SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN The Graduate School of Economics and Social Sciences of İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University by Marium Soomro In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY İHSAN DOĞRAMACI BILKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA OCTOBER 2020 ABSTRACT THE CARTER ADMINISTRATION’S PAKISTAN POLICY BEFORE AND AFTER THE SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN Soomro, Marium M.A., Department of History Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Owen Miller October 2020 The United States and Pakistan’s bilateral relationship has seen complex periods of converging and diverging interests that have been shaped by security concerns. The first two years of the Carter administration’s relations with Pakistan saw a divergence of interests primarily due to the United States’ pursuit of its nuclear non-proliferation foreign policy. This study uses archival material to analyze the diplomatic and political discourse which unfolded in Washington D.C. and Islamabad during the enforcement of this policy. The study underlines that policymakers are at times divorced from the experiences of diplomats on ground and highlights the complexity behind state craft, the art of diplomacy and the geopolitical and the geostrategic contours of the United States and Pakistan’s bilateral relationship. -
In This Book I Try to Explain the Paradoxes That Distress Most of the Americans I've Met Over the Past Few Years
Scott, P. D. (2007). The road to 9/11: Wealth, empire, and the future of America. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Introduction Wealth, Empire, Cabals, and the Public State I hope we shall crush in its birth the aristocracy of our monied corporations which dare already to challenge our government to a trial of strength, and bid defiance to the laws of our country. Thomas Jefferson, 1816 We hold it a prime duty of the people to free our government from the control of money. Theodore Roosevelt, 1912 The real truth…is, as you and I know, that a financial element in the larger centers has owned the Government ever since the days of Andrew Jackson. Letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Colonel E. M. House, 1933 In this book I try to explain the paradoxes that distress most of the Americans I've met over the past few years. Whether they live in Berkeley, New England, or West Texas, these people wonder why the United States steered deliberately—and seemingly inevitably—into a war with Iraq that had little domestic support. They wonder why so many open processes of our government have been replaced by secret decisions at the uppermost levels. They wonder why our country, which is not currently facing any major enemies, is increasing its defense budget more rapidly than ever before. A stock answer often used to explain these changes is to invoke the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. But pressures for them had been building long before 9/11. Even more disturbing, some of those lobbying for a "revolution in military affairs," including huge new defense budgets and military action against Iraq, stated before 2001 that such changes would not occur quickly without "some catastrophic and catalyzing event—like a new Pearl Harbor."1 Since the 9/11 attacks, leading members of the Bush administration have spoken of the attacks as a "great opportunity" (President Bush) or (in Donald Rumsfeld's words) "the kind of opportunities that World War II offered, to refashion the world."2 I wrote this book in an effort to contextualize 9/11. -
Debates on the 9/11 Attacks
Contents Foreword 4 Important Events of the 9/11 Attacks 6 Chapter One: A Brief History of the 9/11 Attacks 8 Chapter Two: Is There a Clash of Civilizations Between Islam and the West? The Debate at a Glance 15 There Is an Ongoing Clash of Civilizations Between Islam and the West 16 There Is No Clash of Civilizations Between Islam and the West 22 Chapter Three: Was 9/11 a Response to US Foreign Policy? The Debate at a Glance 28 9/11 Was a Response to US Foreign Policy 29 9/11 Was Not a Response to US Foreign Policy 35 Chapter Four: Was the US Response to 9/11 Appropriate? The Debate at a Glance 42 The US Response to 9/11 Made Americans Safer 43 The US Response to 9/11 Was Counterproductive 49 Chapter Five: Is Terrorism the Greatest Threat to US National Security? The Debate at a Glance 55 Terrorism Is the Greatest US National Security Threat 56 Terrorism Is Not a Major Threat to US National Security 62 Source Notes 68 For Further Research 74 Index 76 Picture Credits 80 Important Events of the 9/11 Attacks 2001 Terrorists attack the United States on September 11; US forces invade Afghanistan on October 7; the USA Patriot Act is signed into law on October 26. 1990 US forces embark on 1979 a campaign to drive Soviet troops in- Iraqi troops out of Ku- vade Afghanistan. wait in the Gulf War. 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 1979 1996 The United States begins Osama bin Laden declares providing covert support to war on the United States. -
Lions of Islam’: Foreign Fighters in Afghanistan and Pakistan, 1980-2010 by Brian Glyn Williams
On the Trail of the ‘Lions of Islam’: Foreign Fighters in Afghanistan and Pakistan, 1980-2010 by Brian Glyn Williams Brian Glyn Williams is Associate Professor of Islamic History at the University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth. This article is a revised version of a paper delivered at FPRI’s annual national security conference, last September, co-sponsored by the Reserve Officers Association in Washington, D.C. Abstract: This article provides a review of the history of jihadi foreign fighters in Afghanistan over the last 30 years. It details the post-9/11 period and the invasion of Afghanistan by U.S. forces, focusing on the ethnic origin of the foreign fighters and how different groups engaged in different aspects of the conflict. Additionally, the piece explains that while the foreign fighters who came to fight alongside the Taliban in Afghanistan included, among others, Uzbekistanis (not Afghan Uzbeks), Turks, and Arabs, there was also a significant force of Pakistanis—of both Pashtun and Punjabi origins—that joined, bolstering the Taliban army. n the summer of 2003, I made my way from Kabul over the Hindu Kush Mountains and across the deserts of the north to the Uzbek-dominated I town of Sheberghan. There I met and lived with the Northern Alliance Uzbek warlord, General Mohammad Dostum. During my time spent with Dostum—who made headlines when he led his horse-mounted anti-Taliban troops in routing the Taliban in November 2001—he let it be known to me that he had over 3,000 Taliban prisoners of war in his custody. -
Sowing the Seeds of Soviet Decline: Zbigniew Brzezinski and the Carter Administration: 1977-1981
Sowing the Seeds of Soviet Decline: Zbigniew Brzezinski and the Carter Administration: 1977-1981 Stephen Paul Keville Magdalene College, Cambridge University Re-submission Date: 06/2019 This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2 Zbigniew Brzezinski (1928-2017) 3 Preface This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It is not substantially the same as any that I have submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for a degree or diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. I further state that no substantial part of my dissertation has already been submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text It does not exceed the prescribed word limit for the relevant Degree Committee. 4 Contents Introduction 7 1) Early Years 19 Formation as a scholar 19 The Permanent Purge 26 Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy 36 Ideology and Power in Soviet Politics 49 2) A Budding Political Minor Player 54 Peaceful Engagement 54 Alternative to Partition 61 The Soviet Bloc 70 The Fragile Blossom 77 Between Two Ages & The Trilateral Commission 84 3) The Carter Administration 107 Background 107 Brzezinski and Kissinger: A Comparison 114 Eastern Europe and Human Rights 122 The Third World 137 Normalization of Relations with China 147 The Soviet-Afghan War 166 Assessment 196 Conclusion 208 5 List of Figures 1.