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Mexico Ha Ganado Un Lugar Muy Destacado En America Latina En El Juego De Comprar Videojuegos. Ciertamente, Hay Aficion, Y a Vece

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Mexico Ha Ganado Un Lugar Muy Destacado En America Latina En El Juego De Comprar Videojuegos. Ciertamente, Hay Aficion, Y a Vece 220 adiccionesLas y el juego virtual Mexico ha ganado un lugar 1 muy destacado en America Latina en el juego de comprar La mascota más demandante. videojuegos. Ciertamente, hay aficion, y a veces desbocada, pero el juego virtual es la probadita de realidad que nos permite interactuar con el futuro. adicciones y el juego ENTRETENIMIENTO 221 virtual 3 ntusiasma, pero no asusta. Un mundo de posibilidades aluci- nantes repentinamente tiene mucho auge en el mundo de los juegos de video. La era de los juegos controlados por el pensa- 2 miento ha llegado, y muy pronto podría ser necesario sólo pensar Epara operar un juego de video. Las empresas de la electrónica de consumo están desarro- llando dispositivos especiales como el auricular Emotiv EPOC -la primera interfaz cerebro-computadora- que ayudarán a acelerar la revolución de los videojuegos. 222 El EPOC detecta y procesa en tiempo real patrones de la El futuro que ya no fue actividad cerebral (pequeños cambios de voltaje en el cerebro causadas por los disparos de las neuronas), utilizando un dis- positivo que mide la actividad eléctrica en el cerebro. En total, el EPOC recoge más de 30 diferentes expresiones, emociones ApaRECE EN 1985 SUPER MARIO y acciones. BROS., personaje que supuso un punto de Esta propuesta ya ha sido recibida con entusiasmo por inflexión en el desarrollo de los juegos electrónicos. muchos jugadores. Según los expertos, la ciencia ficción repre- Super Mario Bros., producido por la compañía Nintendo, sentada en películas como Matrix o Star Trek son ahora para la consola NES, Nintendo Entertainment System realidades del futuro. fue el juego que popularizó al personaje de Mario. En el largo plazo, la interacción del usuario con Éste apareció, por primera vez, en el videojuego máquinas será más parecida a las interacciones con Donkey Kong creado en 1981, convirtiéndolo otros seres humanos. La tecnología a la larga inten- en el icono principal de Nintendo, y uno tará acercar a las comunidades para compartir sus de los personajes más reconocidos de experiencias. los videojuegos. Además, presentó Esto es, si en el futuro la tecnología será capaz de por primera vez a la Princesa Peach interpretar los pensamientos básicos de control, Toadstool, Toad y Bowser, entre otros 4 no está lejano el día en que puedan interpre- personajes. Este juego es considerado el tarse pensamientos más complejos, inclu- primer videojuego de plataformas de _Satoru Iwata sive, los almacenados en el subconsciente. desplazamiento lateral de Nintendo y Y si los avances permitirán “leer” pensa- se ha convertido en un hito debido a la En mi tarjeta mientos complejos, ¿por qué no también trascendencia de su diseño y papel en la de visita, soy añadir un dispositivo inalámbrico, a control 5 industria de los videojuegos. En 1999 fue un presidente remoto, que lea, escriba y escanee en el cerebro, reconocido como uno de los videojuegos de empresa. En mi interprete y se comunique con alguien más. Y si esta más vendidos de todos los tiempos. mente, soy un pro- acción se conecta a Internet, las posibilidades serán gramador de juegos, inconmensurables… pero en mi corazón, Adiós al televisor pasivo soy un jugador La revolución en el entretenimiento digital no será televisada. En lugar de ello, se podrá escuchar en un podcast o ser vista también por ese medio, o transmitida, Las cajas negras que realizan múltiples fun- descargada, compartida, y estar disponible en pantallas ciones serán las que predominen en los hogares. El de dos a 200 pulgadas de alta definición o en ter cera dimensión. enredo de cables será desplazado por la tecnología Las grandes pantallas, que seguirán dominando en las casas, inalámbrica y las velocidades de conexión a Internet serán cada vez más delgadas, menos pesadas y menos consumi- se multiplicarán de inmediato. En tanto, una ola doras de energía. La próxima generación de dispositivos tiende a de nuevos juegos portátiles permitirá disfrutar del cuidar el medioambiente. El video de alta definición será rodeado entretenimiento en casa o para llevar. por envolvente sonido realista capaz de simular un susurro o el En poco tiempo, los televisores serán algo graznido de las aves. más que centros de entretenimiento; también serán centros de comunicaciones que permitirán manejar todos los medios de comunicación alrededor de las casas, además del correo de voz y datos, mensajes de texto y los canales RSS. Las empresas de telecomunicaciones des- plegarán servicios sobre IPTV, Internet Protocol Television, donde se combinen video, voz y datos. “En el futuro, las diferencias entre televisores, com- Desde Rusia con amor putadoras y teléfonos serán inexistentes”, de acuerdo con Flynn Meredith Ripley, COO de Integra5. EL JUEGO TETRIS, primero disponible en Entretenimiento la Unión Soviética, apareció antes de la caída en casa del telón de acero en 1986; fue creado por Alexey Pero el hogar es sólo el prin- Pázhitnov un año antes. El Tetris estaba controlado y cipio. Durante los últimos 12 a 18 patentado por la burocracia soviética, que lo anunció meses ha habido un cambio de acti- con el lema "desde Rusia con amor". Aunque el tud en los propietarios del contenido gobierno soviético lo patentó, Pázhitnov no recibió (estudios de cine, de TV, disqueras y reconocimiento alguno de la mano del gobierno artistas). En parte, eso es debido a las comunista. 6 UN MÉDIco paRA MÁQUINAS CON Veracruzana. _ I cerebro en la Universidadnvestigador “FALTA UNA RecoNVERSIÓN DEL paÍS” racias a los libros de preparatoria, como Los cazadores de microbios, me acerqué a la investigación y eso le hacía a uno empezar el romance con esta actividad y entraba uno a la carrera con esos ideales… Se hace uno investigador y ama la fisiología sobre todas las cosas”, confiesa José Negrete. g Más tarde, decidió estudiar para médico, en la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM y, después, fisiología. Luego regresó al Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Empezó a indagar y se dio cuenta de que las matemáticas que le faltaban en esas ciencias se llamaban biofísica, y decidió entonces irse dos años a la Universidad de Minnesota a estudiar dicha especialidad. De manera inevitable, describe, “eso me condujo a la cibernética y eso a la computación y eso a las ciencias sociales”. Para ello, estudió física en la Facultad de Ciencias. “Ahí aprendí mis mejo- res matemáticas, que eran las armas que yo quería para transformar la fisiología”. Luego estudió cibernética en la UNAM, donde “cayó en las manos” de José Negrete un extraordinario maestro de muchos científicos renombrados: Alejandro _Inicia sus estudios en la Facultad Medina, quien condujo a muchos, ahora funcionarios e investigadores, al el claro objetivo de hacer que un grupo escaso de Medicina de la UNAM; obtiene campo de la formalización de las máquinas: “El cerebro como máquina: ahí de personas se reuniera para hablar de un tema una beca para el doctorado en es donde mordí ‘la manzana de Adán’, la de la sabiduría”. casi esotérico en México. Biofísica en la Facultad de Física de la Universidad de Minnesota. Expresa que siempre ha sido un experimentalista de la fisiología. “No Hoy en día, y desde hace 14 años, vive en Funda el Departamento de Biofísica he dejado de ser médico en espíritu. Nunca he dejado de ser investigador Xalapa, Veracruz. Se fue invitado como profesor y Biomatemáticas de la Facultad de del sistema nervioso central, jamás. Ése ha sido mi primero y será mi último de la maestría en inteligencia artificial. Luego, Ciencias de la UNAM. Por su trabajo, amor”. “nuestro Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Lawrence Stark, lo invita a su laborato- rio de neurocibernética en el MIT, como En 1960 se fue a estudiar a Boston: “Era un ambiente tan fértil, que al puso una sección en Xalapa y yo aproveché la investigador adjunto. mes de empezar a trabajar, ya publicábamos cosas importantes, como la oportunidad”. Fundador del laboratorio de Bioci- naturaleza del código del sistema nervioso central”. Ahora, su nuevo giro de investigación es la ro- bernética del Centro de Investigaciones Sin embargo, y aun en ese ambiente creativo y productivo, decidió regresar bótica –una nueva robótica- y, en concreto, la en Matemáticas Aplicadas, Sistemas y Servicios; y luego de la Sociedad Mexicana a México por el año 1965. Se ubicó en el Instituto de Ciencias de Matemáticas evolución de los cerebros de robot. Sin embargo, de Inteligencia Artificial e Iberamia. Aplicadas y en el Departamento de Ciencias, que se creó para su dirección. advierte que el país no saca ningún provecho “Soy de los primeros investigadores de tiempo completo en la UNAM, esa de la inteligencia artificial, “porque las univer- 223 bendita universidad que tanto bien nos ha hecho”. sidades no llenamos las necesidades del país y, Acerca de la inteligencia artificial, Negrete dice: “La cibernética enton- para que la universidad llene esos nichos, México ces, tiene una ‘puntita’ pegada a la ciencia ficción, todavía no reconocida, necesita demandarlos y, para ello, la nación ne- porque los cibernéticos estábamos separados de los creadores de inteligencia artificial. Separados cesita tener una competitividad internacional y, por una posición intelectual, es decir, por una posición filosófica”. para tenerla, necesita vender. Al vender necesita En ese entonces, rememora el también novelista, a iniciativa de Enrique Calderón, fundó la estar asociado con otras naciones. Todo eso falta; Sociedad Mexicana de Inteligencia Artificial, la cual ganó enorme prestigio, aunque de inicio tenía es necesaria una reconversión del país”. mejoras en la administración Un día, gracias al abara- de los DRM, Digital Right tamiento de la banda ancha y Management, o derechos del los nuevos servicios de video, contenido digital, y al éxito el entretenimiento mostrará de iTunes. Pero esto también otra cara.1 ocurre porque se dan cuenta de que la distribución a través de Los inicios Internet se encuentra fuera de la diversión de su control y no hay forma de en México detenerla.
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