DOCSLIB.ORG

Gypsum Construction Guide: Veneer Plaster Systems

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gypsum Construction Guide: Veneer Plaster Systems 12TH EDITION 09 26 13/NGC Veneer Plaster Systems 09 26 13 ® 43 VENEER PLASTER SYSTEMS Veneer plaster expands architectural design limits as with Kal-Kore boards are screwed this curved vaulted to steel studs or nailed or ceiling. screwed to wood studs to form a base. DESCRIPTION 3. High resistance to cracking, 3. Provides less rigidity than nail-popping, impact and similar standard plaster abrasion failure. systems. Veneer Plaster Systems consist 4. Mill-mixed plaster 4. When Uni-Kal/X-KALibur of a 4' wide gypsum components help ensure will be applied, do not plastering base with a uniform installation install Kal-Kore too far in special, highly absorptive performance and finished advance of plastering since paper surface that is job quality. Uni-Kal/X-KALibur bond covered with thinly ADVANTAGES - ONE-COAT can be adversely affected if troweled, special purpose SYSTEM (UNI-KAL/X-KALIBUR) face of Kal-Kore has plasters. Two basic types become faded from light. If of veneer plaster are 1. Requires only one plastering Kal-Kore has been faded, available: Uni-Kal and material on the job. apply Kal-Kote Base Plaster X-KALibur, which are 2. Slightly lower in-place cost or a bonding agent to one-coat plaster system than two-coat system. obtain good bond. products; and Kal-Kote, a 5. All are designed for trowel two-coat plaster system. 3. Can be applied directly to concrete block. application. Gold Bond The gypsum plaster base, Veneer Plasters are not Kal-Kore, is erected in the 4. X-KALibur is formulated suitable for conveyance or same manner for both to have extended set application by characteristics beyond systems. Both veneer conventional plastering Joints are reinforced with plaster systems can be traditional Uni-Kal setting machines. specified for virtually all times. Kal-Mesh fiberglass webbing. types of partition and 6. Compared to conventional Steel corner and casing beads ADVANTAGES - TWO-COAT plasters, Veneer Plaster protect corners. ceiling constructions SYSTEM (KAL-KOTE) including wood or steel Systems are more subject to framing or furring and 1. Kal-Kote System may be beading (ridging) and masonry. For both used for plaster-embedded cracking at the joints under residential and commercial electric radiant heating rapid drying conditions buildings, either type of cable systems. such as those caused by veneer plaster system 2. Same application low humidity, high produces a wall more nail- techniques as for temperature and/or high pop resistant than drywall conventional plaster. draft exposure. and, when properly 3. Greater crack resistance 7. All provide a base over installed, more crack than one-coat systems. which paints or other resistant than conventional finishes should be applied. lath and plaster. 4. Can be applied directly to concrete block. 8. Do not use a polyethylene ADVANTAGES - GENERAL vapor retarder unless LIMITATIONS structure is ventilated The advantages of veneer adequately during plaster over other 1. Not recommended for exterior use or where application of veneer commonly used partition plasters. and ceiling systems subject to weathering, include: direct water contact or 9. A bonding agent must be temperature exceeding applied to monolithic 1. Rapid installation which 125˚F (52˚C) for extended concrete prior to reduces overall periods of time. application of either construction time. system. Kal-Kote is applied in 2 coats, 2. Framing spacing is limited a base and a finish, to form 2. Appearance and surface of and partition heights are 10. Mix only full bags of conventional plaster at a hard-surfaced, 1/8" total reduced in comparison plaster for proper set. thickness. lower cost than regular with some standard plastering. 11. Do not use self-adhesive constructions. mesh tape. 44 NATIONAL GYPSUM VENEER PLASTER SYSTEMS Veneer Plaster System Components 09 26 13/NGC TECHNICAL DATA GOLD BOND® BRAND KAL-KORE PLASTER BASE Kal-Kore is a tapered edge gypsum plaster base having a blue absorptive face paper surface designed to permit rapid trowel application and strong bond of Kal-Kote, Uni-Kal and X-KALibur plasters. Also available foil backed or Fire-Shield (type X). Kal-Kore is manufactured to conform to ASTM Specification C 1396 and CSA A82.27. GOLD BOND® BRAND HI-ABUSE KAL-KORE PLASTER BASE Gold Bond BRAND Hi-Abuse Kal-Kore Fire-Shield Type X Plaster Base boards consist of a fire resistive Type X gypsum core encased in a heavy, blue absorptive face paper designed to permit rapid trowel application and strong bond of Uni-Kal veneer plaster and strong liner paper on the back side. Gold Bond BRAND Hi-Abuse Kal-Kore Fire-Shield Type X Plaster Base features a specially formulated core to provide fire resistance Pcs. ratings when used in tested systems as well as greater Size Thickness Edge per Bdl. resistance to surface indentation. Long edges of the 4'x8', 16' 3/8" (9.5 mm) Square 2 boards are tapered to allow joints to be reinforced and (1219 mm x 2438 mm, or concealed with Kal-Mesh Tape and Uni-Kal Plaster. 4877 mm) Tapered Gold Bond BRAND Hi-Abuse Kal-Kore Fire-Shield Type X Plaster Base is manufactured to conform to 4'x8', 16' 1/2" (12.7 mm) Square 2 ASTM Specification C 1396 and Federal Specification 09 26 13 SS-L-30D Type VI Grade X (Fire-Shield). (1219 mm x 2438 mm, 1/2" (12.7 mm) or 4877 mm) FSK-C Tapered 4'x8', 16' 5/8" (15.9 mm) FSK Square 2 (1219 mm x 2438 mm, or 4877 mm) Tapered 4'x8', 12' 1/2" (12.7 mm) Square 2 Abrasion-Resistant Uni-Kal Veneer Plaster (1219 mm x 2438 mm, 5/8” (15.9 mm) FSK or 3657 mm) Hi-Abuse Tapered Heavy Liner Paper Enhanced Core NATIONAL GYPSUM VENEER PLASTER SYSTEMS 45 KAL-KOTE BRAND BASE Coverage (est.)* thickness over the same PLASTER 1/16" coat troweled on Kal- framing member size and Kal-Kote Base Plaster is a Kote Base Plaster, 650-700 spacing with the same specially designed high sq. yds. per ton (145-160 fasteners and 3/32" of Uni- strength basecoat plaster sq. ft. per bag). Kal or X-KALibur. for application 1/16" Specification Reference minimum thickness over Kal-Kore, masonry or KAL-KOTE BRAND TEXTURE ASTM Designation C 587. monolithic concrete that FINISH PLASTER Bag Weight has been treated with a Kal-Kote Texture Finish is 50 lbs. (22.7 kg) bonding agent. designed to provide a Water Ratio Strength of Kal-Kote Base is variety of decorative substantially greater than surfaces using common 13-15 quarts per bag plastering techniques. that exhibited by typical Coverage (est.)* sanded basecoat plaster. Applied as a 1/16" finish coat over Kal-Kote Base. It 3/32" on Kal-Kore Base, 600- Fire Resistance requires the addition of 665 sq. yds. per ton (135- Fire ratings equivalent to water only. 150 sq. ft. per bag). One coat to level over masonry, those of drywall systems Bag Weight can be obtained by 300-350 sq. yds. per ton applying the 50 lbs. (22.7 kg) (70-80 sq. ft. per bag). corresponding Kal-Kore Water Ratio type and thickness over the 11-12 quarts per bag *Coverage estimates are same framing member size Coverage (est.)* approximately the same as and spacing, with the same over Kal-Kore Base Board fasteners. The total plaster 1/16" coat troweled on Kal- for conventional plasters. thickness should be a Kote Base Plaster, 650-700 minimum of 1/8". The sq. yds. per ton (145-160 minimum 1/8" thickness is sq. ft. per bag). achieved by applying a finish not exceeding 1/16" over 3/32" of Kal-Kote UNI-KAL AND X-KALIBUR Base Plaster. BRAND VENEER PLASTER Specification Reference Uni-Kal and X-KALibur are single component veneer ASTM Designation C 587. plasters for application Bag Weight over tapered edge 1/2” 80 lbs. (36.3 kg) Regular or 5/8” Fire-Shield Kal-Kore, 5/8” Kal-Kore Water Ratio Hi-Impact or as a finish 10-12 quarts per bag coat over Kal-Kote base. Coverage (est.) When applied in a thin coat 3/32" thick and 1/16" on Kal-Kore Base, 425- troweled to a smooth 475 sq. yds. per ton (150- finish, they provide a 170 sq. ft. per bag). One durable, abrasion-resistant coat to level over masonry, surface for further 225-275 sq. yds. per ton decoration. (80-100 sq. ft. per bag). X-KALibur has a longer KAL-KOTE BRAND SMOOTH extended working time. FINISH PLASTER Uni-Kal and X-KALibur may Kal-Kote Smooth Finish is be worked to a variety of designed to provide a textured finishes. white smooth trowel finish Uni-Kal and X-KALibur using conventional applied not exceeding plastering techniques. 1/16" may be used as a Apply not exceeding 1/16" finish coat over a 3/32" over Kal-Kote Base. coat of Kal-Kote Base Requires the addition of water Plaster for a total minimum only. It may also be used thickness of 1/8". as a finish for conventional Strength of Uni-Kal and basecoat plasters. Small X-KALibur provides a amounts of commercial surface resistant to retarder may be cautiously abrasion, cracking and used to slow the setting nail-pops. time when used over conventional basecoat Fire Resistance plasters. Fire ratings equivalent to Bag Weight those of drywall systems can be obtained by 50 lbs. (22.7 kg) applying the corresponding Water Ratio Kal-Kore type and 18-20 quarts per bag 46 NATIONAL GYPSUM VENEER PLASTER SYSTEMS Veneer Plaster Accessories* Used in Both Systems 09 26 13/NGC KAL-KORNER BEAD E-Z STRIP® CONTROL JOINT Formed of galvanized steel to Designed for drywall or veneer protect exterior corners plaster systems.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Materials & Process
    Sculpture: Materials & Process Teaching Resource Developed by Molly Kysar 2001 Flora Street Dallas, TX 75201 Tel 214.242.5100 Fax 214.242.5155 NasherSculptureCenter.org INDEX INTRODUCTION 3 WORKS OF ART 4 BRONZE Material & Process 5-8 Auguste Rodin, Eve, 1881 9-10 George Segal, Rush Hour, 1983 11-13 PLASTER Material & Process 14-16 Henri Matisse, Madeleine I, 1901 17-18 Pablo Picasso, Head of a Woman (Fernande), 1909 19-20 STEEL Material & Process 21-22 Antony Gormley, Quantum Cloud XX (tornado), 2000 23-24 Mark di Suvero, Eviva Amore, 2001 24-25 GLOSSARY 26 RESOURCES 27 ALL IMAGES OF WORKS OF ART ARE PROTECTED UNDER COPYRIGHT. ANY USES OTHER THAN FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ARE STRICTLY FORBIDDEN. 2 Introduction This resource is designed to introduce students in 4th-12th grades to the materials and processes used in modern and traditional sculpture, specifically bronze, plaster, and steel. The featured sculptures, drawn from the collection of the Nasher Sculpture Center, range from 1881 to 2001 and represent only some of the many materials and processes used by artists whose works of art are in the collection. Images from this packet are also available in a PowerPoint presentation for use in the classroom, available at nashersculpturecenter.org. DISCUSS WITH YOUR STUDENTS Artists can use almost any material to create a work of art. When an artist is deciding which material to use, he or she may consider how that particular material will help express his or her ideas. Where have students seen bronze before? Olympic medals, statues… Plaster? Casts for broken bones, texture or decoration on walls..
    [Show full text]
  • Section 092400
    SPEC MIX, Inc. – Guide Specification Note to User: This section contains macros to aid the editing process. By default Microsoft Word disables macros for virus security reasons. When you open a file that has macros, the yellow message bar appears with a shield icon and the enable content button. To enable these macros, click the Enable Content button. SECTION 09 24 00 PORTLAND CEMENT STUCCO (To View Hidden Text, Type CTRL-H) PART 1 – GENERAL 1.1 SECTION INCLUDES A. Portland Cement, Pre-blended Scratch and Brown Coat Stucco. B. Portland Cement, Pre-blended Fiber Base Coat Stucco. C. Portland Cement, Pre-blended Colored Finish Coat Stucco. 1.2 RELATED SECTIONS A. Section 03 30 00 - Cast-in-Place Concrete. B. Section 04 20 00 - Unit Masonry. C. Section 05 40 00 - Cold-Formed Metal Framing: Light gauge load-bearing metal framing. D. Section 06 10 00 - Rough Carpentry: Wood framing. E. Section 07 21 13 - Board Insulation. F. Section 07 92 00 - Joint Sealants. G. Section 09 22 16 - Non-Structural Metal Framing: Non-load-bearing metal framing systems. H. Section 09 22 36 - Metal Lath. I. Section 09 29 00 - Gypsum Board: Exterior gypsum sheathing. 1.3 REFERENCES A. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) / American Hardboard Association (AHA): 1. ANSI/AHA A 194 - Cellulosic Fiber Board. B. ASTM International (ASTM): 1. ASTM A 641/A 641M - Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Carbon Steel Wire. 2. ASTM A 653/A 653M - Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc- Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Architectural Renders on Earthen Surfaces
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 1991 Traditional Architectural Renders on Earthen Surfaces Maria Isabel G. Beas University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Beas, Maria Isabel G., "Traditional Architectural Renders on Earthen Surfaces" (1991). Theses (Historic Preservation). 395. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/395 Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Beas, Maria Isabel G. (1991). Traditional Architectural Renders on Earthen Surfaces. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/395 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Traditional Architectural Renders on Earthen Surfaces Disciplines Historic Preservation and Conservation Comments Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Beas, Maria Isabel G. (1991). Traditional Architectural Renders on Earthen Surfaces. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/395 'T,' i'&Sim mi> 'm m. i =ir,!t-i^-!vs i )'» \ •.'.i:'-ii-2\c-. fell ;;!•!' UNIVERSITVy PENNSYLVANIA. UBKARIES TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURAL RENDERS ON EARTHEN SURFACES Maria Isabel G. Beas A THESIS in The Graduate Program in Historic Presen/ation Presented to the faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE 1991 Frank G.lMatero, Associate Professor 'reservation, Advisor X Samuel Y.
    [Show full text]
  • Gypsum Resources of Iowa by Robert M
    Gypsum Resources of Iowa by Robert M. McKay In mining gypsum at Fort Dodge, overlying glacial deposits are removed and the deeply creviced surface of the gypsum is exposed. These crevices resulted from movement of water along intersecting fractures in the easily eroded gypsum. Photo by Tim Kemmis. One of the softest minerals known to exist is the basis for one of Iowa's most durable mineral resource industries. Gypsum is a gray to white-colored mineral that can be easily scratched with a fingernail, and is referred to chemically as a hydrous calcium sulfate. Some of its other, perhaps more familiar, names are based on its various forms of occurrence. For example, alabaster is a massive form; satin spar is a fibrous variety; and selenite is its crystalline form. Gypsum often occurs in varying proportions with anhydrite (calcium sulfate), a slightly harder and more dense mineral that lacks water in its chemical make-up. Both gypsum and anhydrite belong to an interesting group of minerals called evaporites, which are sedimentary deposits composed of salts precipitated from sea water. Evaporites form in shallow or near shore marine and lake environments where evaporation has - 1 - produced an unusually high concentration of dissolved salts, and where there is little or no circulation of fresh water. The precipitation of sediment from these hypersaline brines is associated with hot and relatively dry climatic conditions. Iowa's paleogeography at several times in the state's geologic past duplicated these environments of deposition and resulted in major accumulations of evaporite minerals. As a result, several geologic units in Iowa's underlying sedimentary rock sequence host economically significant deposits of gypsum.
    [Show full text]
  • Shale Gas Study
    Foreign and Commonwealth Office Shale Gas Study Final Report April 2015 Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure UK Limited 2 © Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure UK Limited Report for Copyright and non-disclosure notice Tatiana Coutinho, Project Officer The contents and layout of this report are subject to copyright Setor de Embaixadas Sul owned by Amec Foster Wheeler (© Amec Foster Wheeler Foreign and Commonwealth Office Environment & Infrastructure UK Limited 2015). save to the Bririah Embassy extent that copyright has been legally assigned by us to Quadra 801, Conjunto K another party or is used by Amec Foster Wheeler under Brasilia, DF licence. To the extent that we own the copyright in this report, Brazil it may not be copied or used without our prior written agreement for any purpose other than the purpose indicated in this report. The methodology (if any) contained in this report is provided to you in confidence and must not be disclosed or Main contributors copied to third parties without the prior written agreement of Amec Foster Wheeler. Disclosure of that information may Pete Davis constitute an actionable breach of confidence or may Alex Melling otherwise prejudice our commercial interests. Any third party Daren Luscombe who obtains access to this report by any means will, in any Katherine Mason event, be subject to the Third Party Disclaimer set out below. Rob Deanwood Silvio Jablonski, ANP Third-party disclaimer Issued by Any disclosure of this report to a third party is subject to this disclaimer. The report was prepared by Amec Foster Wheeler at the instruction of, and for use by, our client named on the front of the report.
    [Show full text]
  • Materials Conservation – Concrete and Plaster
    Materials Conservation – Concrete and Plaster Carolyn L. Searls Senior Principal, Simpson Gumpertz & Heger Matthew Bronski Associate Principal, Simpson Gumpertz & Heger California Preservation Foundation Webinar 16 September 2014 www.sgh.com www.sgh.com 1 Learning Objectives • Understand the composition and properties of cementitious materials. • Recognize signs of concrete and plaster deterioration and their causes. • Learn reactive and proactive repair techniques for concrete and plaster. • Learn procedures for repairing uncoated, integrally colored plaster and concrete. 2 The Materials: Plaster, Concrete and Cast Stone • All are made up of binder + aggregates + water • Concrete = Cement (the binder), fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, admixtures and water • Cast Stone = Cement, fine aggregate, crushed rock, admixtures and water, precast in units • Plaster = Mortar applied to a substrate (masonry, concrete, or lath over sheathing or building paper) as a wall finish. Usually cement and/or lime (binder), fine aggregate, admixtures and water 3 Evaluation and Repair of Concrete and Plaster • Diagnose the problem – field investigation, lab testing, analysis and report. The treatment must be appropriate for the illness. • Design the repair – the right team • Select the correct materials • Construct field mock-ups • Select the right contractor • Provide quality control during repairs 4 Concrete • Roman concrete structures – lime putty + pozzolan (volcanic tuff rock at Pozzuoli) + aggregates = hydraulic concrete • Natural cement concrete – Erie
    [Show full text]
  • Plaster Monuments Architecture and the Power Of
    © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. Introduction Monuments in Flux The absentminded visitor drifts by chance into the Hall of Architecture at the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh, where astonishment awaits. In part, the surprise is the sheer number of architectural fragments: Egyptian capitals, Assyrian pavements, Phoenician reliefs, Greek temple porches, Hellenistic columns, Etruscan urns, Roman entablatures, Gothic portals, Renaissance balconies, niches, and choir stalls; parapets and balustrades, sarcophagi, pulpits, and ornamental details. Center stage, a three-arched Romanesque church façade spans the entire width of the skylit gallery, colliding awkwardly into the surrounding peristyle. We find ourselves in a hypnotic space fabricated from reproduced building parts from widely various times and places. Cast from buildings still in use, from ruins, or from bits and pieces of architecture long since relocated to museums, the fragments present a condensed historical panorama. Decontextualized, dismembered, and with surfaces fashioned to imitate the patina of their referents, the casts convey a weird reality effect. Mute and ghostlike, they seem programmed to evoke the experience of the real thing. For me, the effect of this mimetic extravaganza only became more puzzling when I recognized— among chefs d’oeuvre such as a column from the Vesta temple at Tivoli, a portal from the cathedral in Bordeaux, and Lorenzo Ghiberti’s golden Gates of Paradise from the baptistery in Florence— a twelfth- century Norwegian stave- church portal. Impeccably document- ing the laboriously carved ornaments of the wooden church, it is mounted shoulder to shoulder with doorways from French and British medieval stone churches, the sequence materializing as three- dimensional wallpa- per.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Lime Mortar and Plaster
    Thesis for degree of Doctor of Technology Traditional Lime Mortar and Plaster – Reconstruction with emphasis on durability kristin balksten Traditional Lime Mortar and Plaster Reconstruction with Emphasis on Durability Kristin Balksten Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering chalmers university of technology Göteborg, Sweden 2007 Research School NMK – Natural Materials within Environmental and Conservation techniques Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering chalmers university of technology Göteborg, Sverige 2007 Abstract Lime mortar and plaster have been investigated with the aim to improve the knowledge on how to make them as durable as before the cement technology was developed. The background was the durability problems experienced for newly produced lime plaster on the medieval churches on the island of Got- Traditional lime mortar and plaster land, Sweden. In some cases the new lime plaster façades showed severe frost Reconstruction with emphasis on durability damages after only one winter. Although the lime was burnt and produced according to old local traditions, the lime mortar was still mixed and worked on according to methods developed for lime-cement mortar. This often led to a Kristin Balksten very porous lime plaster with a lime shell in the surface and such a plaster has been shown to be sensitive to frost expansion. Isbn 978-91-7291-990-7 Field studies were combined with laboratory studies of thin section specimens. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy have been important analytical methods showing the porosity and the structure of the binder and aggregate materials. The investigations have been carried out on both historic and on newly made reference mortar and plaster.
    [Show full text]
  • Color-Enhanced-Plaster-Casts-Nature
    Copyright © 2018 Dick Blick Art Materials All rights reserved 800-447-8192 DickBlick.com Color-Enhanced Plaster Casts Capture the beauty of nature, then add your own artistic touch with a little (or a lot!) of color. (art + science) Artists and plaster have a long history together. In ancient times, plaster was first used as a painting surface for frescoes. Beginning in the Renaissance, plaster casts enabled artists and scholars to study anatomy, architecture, and botany in the convenience of their own classrooms and studios. Initial plaster renderings created by sculptors such as Auguste Rodin provided an inexpensive means of drafting their art before cutting into stone or casting it in bronze. Nineteenth century museums and academies were able to impress Materials (required) and inspire their patrons with highly accurate plaster reproductions Sargent Art Non-Hardening Modeling Clay, of some of the world's most significant works of art. White, 5 lb block (33281-1025); share one among 20 students In modern art, new technologies and combined materials have allowed artists such as George Pottery Plaster No. 1, 10 lb bag (33500- 1010); share one bag across class Segal, Peter Agostini, and Jeff Koons to create archivally sound, durable sculptures in plaster that Richeson Powdered Tempera Paint, assorted defy the long-held belief that plaster is a medium colors (00069-); share at least one jar across class suitable only for reproductions and craft projects. Nitrile Powder-Free Disposable Gloves, Making a plaster cast isn't difficult, and the results assorted sizes (35200-); need one glove per can be very beautiful and satisfying.
    [Show full text]
  • New Evidence for the Origins of Lime Plaster Technology
    Evolutionary Human Sciences (2019), 1, e9, page 1 of 23 doi:10.1017/ehs.2019.9 RESEARCH ARTICLE Lime plaster cover of the dead 12,000 years ago – new evidence for the origins of lime plaster technology David E. Friesem1,2* , Itay Abadi3, Dana Shaham3,4 and Leore Grosman3,4 1McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3ER, UK, 2Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, 199 Aba-Hushi Avenue, 3498838 Haifa, Israel, 3Mount Scopus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Institute of Archaeology, 9190501 Jerusalem, Israel and 4The Jack, Joseph and Morton Scholion–Mandel School for Advanced Studies in the Humanities, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190501 Jerusalem, Israel *Corresponding author. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3ER, UK. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The production of lime plaster is especially important as a technological development in human prehistory as it requires advanced knowledge and skills to transform rocks to a plastic yet durable material. The large- scale production of lime plaster is considered a development of farming societies during the Neolithic per- iod around 10,000 years ago. To date, the archaeological evidence from the Middle and Late Epipalaeolithic in the southern Levant (c. 17,000–11,500 cal BP) indicates that only initial production of partially carbonated lime plaster was performed by Palaeolithic foragers. Our study analysed lime plas- ter covering burials at a Natufian cemetery in Nahal Ein Gev II, dating to 12,000 years ago. Using infrared spectroscopy and soil micromorphology we show how this lime plaster is of an unprecedented high quality and we reconstruct its production.
    [Show full text]
  • The Basics of Plaster Repair
    e asics o ASE EAI y aicia ooe Wae amage om umig eak Eecicia amage 4 Ai ' iiscoa eamiaio ae ase Misguie euecoa‘,,,......D Sucua cackig WA IS ASE? ase ecoogy a eciques wou i a ig eook. My uose ee is o eai wa as I o ouses, ase is mos oe a eecoa sysem o e is a wy i ais, a o ouie you oios ime o gysumase, oweae moa a was aie i eaig wi oems. ougou, I assume we oe woo a sis. e is wo coas coai sa a 0% o you ase is saageae i oe (a eas aima ai e iis coa is ie a wos, wee akig aou acig a eai, o em coais o aggegae o ie. e ase coa o ase oiio a eaceme. as a mecaica a aesie o o e a: meca eaig is aice wo make you a asee. ig os, ica oug keys, o aee sums o ase a we eseciay, equie a o o acice wokig wi e ma oug e saces ewee aig sis aesie y i eias. u I ik you e coice a ase is usuay ue o sucio ceae ewee e woo a a we saageae usig sime, ieesie eciques. Ee i ase. youe aeay a eeiece ae o acasee, a Oiousy, ase ca ai ecause o imeecios i ew o e icks o oucs escie i is aice may e maeia ise, o ecause o sesses i o aiue o e ews o you. A e aseig Gossay a aeas e sucua sysem a suos i (ouse amig, sus, o age 4 ceas u couse ocauay o a o us.
    [Show full text]
  • Calcium Scale
    Calcium Scale A series of e-mail articles from the research group onBalance, June 2006 _______________________________________________________________________ Calcium Scale Update #1 When calcium ions in pool water precipitate onto tile and interior pool surfaces as a solid white crust or crystal, the most common form of precipitate is calcium carbonate (CaCO3), commonly referred to in the trade as “scale”. Calcium Carbonate scale has some specific, known characteristics, such as being soluble in acid, having a value of 3 on the Mohs hardness scale (with 0 being the softest – such as talc, and 10 being the hardest, such as diamonds). Calcium Carbonate scale is generally relatively uniform is its deposit pattern, although a certain amount of it will concentrate at the waterline as an evaporate. Calcium scale that deposited over a long period of time (in what we would refer to as a “natural” process) tends to be smooth and low in profile, influenced in patterning by flow and/or porosity of the surface it precipitates onto, and colored by incorporated dirt or other suspended water impurities (see tile samples above). Calcium scale that deposits in a short period of time (usually through an environment trigger such as high temperature, high pH, high alkalinity and calcium, etc.) tends to be totally uniform in deposition, pure white, with sharp defined crystals: Page 1 of 6 Calcium Scale Update #2 An interesting (although fortunately not too common) variation to calcium carbonate precipitation is the precipitation of calcium sulfate. Calcium sulfate is chemically designated CaSO4, and is commonly called gypsum. If an appreciable amount of sulfate is found in pool water, it can combine with calcium (if also high in content) in the water and form a crystalline deposit.
    [Show full text]