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Geschichtspolitik Im Polnischen Parlament Nach Der Wende Von 1989“

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Geschichtspolitik Im Polnischen Parlament Nach Der Wende Von 1989“ DISSERTATION / DOCTORAL THESIS Titel der Dissertation /Title of the Doctoral Thesis „Demokratie erzählt. Geschichtspolitik im polnischen Parlament nach der Wende von 1989“ verfasst von / submitted by Filip Zieliński angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doktor der Philosophie (Dr. Phil.) Wien, 2017 / Vienna 2017 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 792 312 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt / Geschichte field of study as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisors: Univ.-Prof. Mag. DDr. Oliver Rathkolb Univ.-Prof. Dr. Maria A. Stassinopoulou Univ.-Prof. Dr. Oliver Schmitt Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Danksagung ........................................................................................................................ 1 2 Einleitung ........................................................................................................................... 3 3 „Geschichtspolitik“ und „polityka historyczna“ zwischen Politik und Wissenschaft: Begriffsgeschichte ...................................................................................................................... 9 3.1 Die Entstehung des Begriffs „Geschichtspolitik“ im Historikerstreit ....................... 10 3.2 Die Entstehung des Begriffs „polityka historyczna“: Begriffstransfer aus deutschem Diskurs in polnische Politik ............................................................................... 12 3.2.1 „Geschichtspolitik“ und „polityka historyczna“ ................................................ 12 3.2.2 Die Urheber des Transfers: Ein nationalkonservativer Think-Tank .................. 13 3.2.3 „Polityka historyczna“ als Teil des politischen Programms „IV RP“ ................ 15 3.2.4 Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten zu „polityka historyczna“ ...................................... 22 3.3 Zusammenfassung: Begriffsgeschichte in Deutschland und Polen ........................... 24 4 Theorie der Geschichtspolitik .......................................................................................... 25 4.1 Die Funktionen von Geschichtspolitik ...................................................................... 25 4.1.1 Christoph Steinbach, Karl-Georg Faber: Geschichtspolitik aus Sicht des Historikers ........................................................................................................................ 25 4.1.2 Geschichtspolitik bei Edgar Wolfrum ................................................................ 30 4.1.3 Geschichtspolitische Funktionen bei Günther Sandner ..................................... 32 4.1.4 Erinnerungspolitik bei Michael Kohlstruck ....................................................... 34 4.1.5 Geschichtspolitische Funktionen bei Horst-Alfred Heinrich: I. Politisches System und politische Kultur ........................................................................................... 35 4.1.6 Geschichtspolitische Funktionen bei Horst-Alfred Heinrich: II. Soziale Identität ............................................................................................................................ 37 4.1.7 Geschichtskultur in der politischen Dimension bei Jörn Rüsen ......................... 40 4.1.8 Kritik und Vergleich der Ansätze ....................................................................... 45 4.2 Die „Sprache“ der Geschichtspolitik: Historische Erzähl- bzw. Argumentationsweisen ......................................................................................................... 52 4.2.1 Alexander Demandt ............................................................................................ 52 4.2.2 Karl-Georg Faber und Wolfgang Bach .............................................................. 54 4.2.3 Der Analogieschluss ........................................................................................... 57 4.2.4 Bruce Gronbeck .................................................................................................. 58 4.2.5 Eviatar Zerubavel ............................................................................................... 59 4.2.6 Jörn Rüsen .......................................................................................................... 60 4.2.7 Kritik und Vergleich der Ansätze ....................................................................... 64 4.3 Geschichtspolitik auf der Handlungsebene ............................................................... 68 4.4 Schaufensterparlamentarismus .................................................................................. 74 4.5 Parteiidentitäten ......................................................................................................... 79 4.6 Definition von Geschichtspolitik als historisches Erzählen im politischen System .. 82 5 Geschichtspolitik und politisches Regime ....................................................................... 91 5.1 Geschichtspolitik in Autokratien vs. Geschichtspolitik in Demokratien .................. 91 5.2 Geschichtspolitik in Autokratien ............................................................................... 93 5.3 Geschichtspolitik in der Volksrepublik Polen ......................................................... 100 5.3.1 Narrative über das politische Regime .............................................................. 102 5.4 Geschichtspolitik in Demokratien ........................................................................... 108 5.5 Geschichtspolitik und Demokratisierung ................................................................ 109 5.6 Transformation und politische Kultur ..................................................................... 110 5.7 Geschichtspolitik und die Demokratisierung Polens ............................................... 116 6 Untersuchungsgegenstand und -zeitraum ....................................................................... 118 7 Geschichtspolitik im polnischen Parlament ab 1989 ..................................................... 124 7.1 Medien der Geschichtspolitik .................................................................................. 124 7.2 Staatsbezeichnungen ................................................................................................ 127 7.3 Staatswappen ........................................................................................................... 130 7.3.1 Geschichte des Staatswappens in Polen ........................................................... 133 7.3.2 In der Zeit der Teilungen Polens (1772-1918) ................................................. 136 7.3.3 Zweite Republik ............................................................................................... 137 7.3.4 Volksrepublik ................................................................................................... 138 7.3.5 Dritte Republik ................................................................................................. 141 7.3.6 Die Debatten über die Änderung des Staatswappens im Sejm ........................ 143 7.3.6.1 Nachspiel .......................................................................................................... 158 8 Architektur ..................................................................................................................... 163 8.1 Das Parlamentsgebäude und seine Umgebung ........................................................ 163 8.2 Das Denkmal für die Heimatarmee (Armia Krajowa) ............................................. 163 8.3 Die Architektur des Sejmgebäudes .......................................................................... 165 8.4 Die Plenarsitzungsräume: Senat und Sejm .............................................................. 167 8.5 Tafeln zur Erinnerung an den Besuch des Papstes .................................................. 172 8.6 Marschallstäbe ......................................................................................................... 172 8.7 Erinnerungstafeln ..................................................................................................... 177 8.8 Namensgebungen von Räumen im Parlament ......................................................... 182 8.8.1 Der Marschall-Korridor .................................................................................... 182 8.8.1.1 Nationaler Staatsrat, Wojciech Trąmpczyński ................................................. 183 8.8.1.2 Maciej Rataj ..................................................................................................... 188 8.8.1.3 Ignacy Daszyński ............................................................................................. 189 8.8.1.4 Marschall-Korridor: Kontinuitäten und Brüche ............................................... 190 8.8.2 Kazimierz-Pużak-Saal ...................................................................................... 191 8.8.3 Weitere Raumbenennungen ............................................................................. 191 8.9 Rezeption der geschichtspolitischen Referenzen im Parlamentsgebäude ............... 195 8.10 Zusammenfassung ................................................................................................ 196 9 Erinnerungsgesetze ......................................................................................................... 200 10 Plenarsitzungen des Sejm (1989–1992) ........................................................................
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