ª ª Further Information . About the EoPako . Books Your complete EoPako contains 4 brochures: Esperanto: Language, Literature & Community “ ” • Esperanto: the document you are holding in your by Pierre Janton & Humphrey Tonkin hands right now. It introduces the Esperanto language Esperanto, Interlinguistics & Planned Language and shows you how to use EoPako “ ” by Humphrey Tonkin • The Gram’: the entire basic grammar of Esperanto in a Esperanto: A Language for the Global Village single A4 sheet “ ” by Sylvan Zaft • The Prep: a few exercises – and answers – to give you a chance to train and practice the language ESPERANTO Esperanto Associations • Universal Esperanto Association • The Words: a short, 2-way word-list of a few basic in your pocket Nieuwe Binnenweg words to get you started. You can find complete dic- NL-3015 BJ Rotterdam • Netherlands tionaries at your local Esperanto Association, or on the [email protected] internet! http://www.uea.org/ The Gram’ The Prep and , have numbered lessons. Each day, start by reading your new lesson for the day from • Australian Esperanto Association The Gram’ The Prep . Then, do the follow-up exercises in 143 Lawson Street The Words Redfern NSW 2016 • Australia – get vocabulary help from , as needed. [email protected] http://www.esperanto.org.au/ By dedicating about 15 mins/day, after a week you will be able to understand simple texts, and know how to put • Esperanto League for North America together several sentences. P. O. Box 1129 El Cerrito CA 94530 • USA This is by no means a complete course! It is a general [email protected] introduction, enabling you to get a general feel for how http://www.esperanto-usa.org/ the language sounds and works. If you find you’d like to know more about Esperanto, the next step is to contact • Esperanto Association of Britain your local Esperanto Association — or to enroll in one of Esperanto House • Station Road • Barlaston the many free online Esperanto courses, such as: Staffordshire • ST12 9DE • England http://www.lernu.net/ [email protected] http://pacujo.net/esperanto/course/ http://www.esperanto-gb.org/ You can also start practicing your Esperanto at any time, by chatting online with other esperantists!:

http://www.skype.com/intl/ http://gxangalo.com/babilejo

For more Esperanto resources, have a look at: discover a http://www.esperanto.net/ new language in just one week! EoPako is updated and improved on a regular basis. Check your local Esperanto Association’s website for the latest version! ª ª ª Esperanto: what is it? . How useful is it? . How can I learn it? .

Esperanto is a language. But it is a somewhat special Esperanto has been officially recognized and endorsed Using the EoPako by UNESCO. It is now spoken in over 100 countries, by language. It was first thought of at the end of the 19th This 4-brochure pack enables you to start learning the century. It was made specifically in order to enable easy approximately 6 million people. There are many ways in which Esperanto can be useful to you: basics of Esperanto within just a few days – have a look communication between people of different languages. at the section titled “About the EoPako”, on the back of As it was made specially for this purpose, Esperanto can discuss and correspond this brochure. be learnt very quickly • with people from a variety of countries and cultures, at the same time, without being As a matter of fact, Esperanto is the easiest of all liv- hindered by linguistic barriers, and as an equal On the Internet ing languages. There are no exceptions, no irregular http://www.lernu.net/ is a site of web-based courses discover other cultures verbs. Nevertheless, it is a rich language: you can truly • and get updated on the to suit every level of expertise. It also has an online chat express everything with it. However, because it is built world-wide scene, by having access to a vast source of area - so you can practice your Esperanto with other on just a few rules and structures - that are totally magazines, newspapers and books translated directly students. logical - we can learn it in very little time. Right after from every major national language being introduced to the language, beginners quickly find Download the free program “Kurso de Esperanto”, from cheap travel themselves experimenting with their first sentences in • : thanks to “Pasporta Servo” – a world- http://www.cursodeesperanto.com.br/. Esperanto. wide network of willing esperantist hosts who offer free (or almost-free) accomodation! The long-running Free Esperanto Course is a well- This is excellent, because rather than wasting hours known, email-based correspondence course. It is run join in international gatherings and festivals learning complex grammar rules, we’ll have more time • , with by dedicated volunteers from around the world, and is to spend with other fun and important things! - like music, shows and art in Esperanto, as well as many other available in several languages. Sign up at: communicating with others, and making new friends. national languages. http://pacujo.net/esperanto/course/. access an international network of experts Learning Esperanto has also been proven to help with the • in almost For even more internet Esperanto resources: learning of other languages. So, any way you look at it, every profesional field. Every member of the Univer- http://www.esperanto.net/. learning Esperanto is always an advantage! sal Esperanto Association has free access to a list of hundreds of ‘ambassadors’ - or ‘delegates’ - who are does not belong to specialists in a wide range of fields. This list is constantly With Books Add to that the fact that Esperanto Esperanto — Learning and Using the International Lan- any country everyone can learn it updated and officially maintained by the UEA! “ , and that . It is freely guage available - and is suitable - for everyone. It promotes ”, by David Richardson, published by the Esperanto many a sense of linguistic equality, as it is everyone’s second And more uses! League of North America. language - so everyone relates through it as equals! Teach Yourself Esperanto “ ”, by John Cresswell & John Hartley, published by the Ntc Pub Group. Being Colloquial in Esperanto: A Reference Guide “ ” by David K. Jordan And many, many others, available through all good bookshops, as well as your local Esperanto Association. With a Teacher It is very likely that close to your home or work there is an Esperanto course available. To find out, contact your local Esperanto Association – see the addresses on the back of this brochure!

Conjugation & Basic Verb Tenses indicate ‘change of place’, and it can also be used when a preposition is omitted. THE GRAM’ The same verb ending is used for all persons, in every tense – no irregular verbs: Examples of usage: have you ever heard i + - infinitive. Paroli = ‘to speak’. Mi trinkas akvon (akv-o-n) = I drink water. as of a language whose + – present. Mi parolas = I speak. Mi amas vin (vi-n) = I love you. is entire grammar fits + –past. Ni parolis = We spoke. Mi iras Parizon (Pariz-o-n) = I’m going to Paris. +os - future. Oni parolos = One will speak. Mi venos lundon (lund-o-n) = I’ll come on Monday. on a single sheet of paper? +us – conditional. Li parolus = He would speak. +u - imperative. (Vi) Parolu! = Speak! [You shall speak!] Lesson 1 ª Lesson 5 ª . ª . Lesson 3 . Alphabet & Pronunciation Correlatives Every letter is pronounced in every word, and everything Numbers 45 quite logical words. is written exactly as it is pronounced. Esperanto does not Cardinal: use the letters Q, W, X and Y. We do, however, have 6 i- ki- ti- ĉi- neni- nul (0), unu (1), du (2), tri (3), kvar (4), kvin (5), ses (6), (some) (what) (this) (every) (none) other letters – Ĉ, Ĝ, Ĥ, Ĵ, Ŝ and Ŭ – and some of the usual sep (7), ok (8), naŭ (9), dek (10), cent (100), mil (1000), letters are pronounced differently: +u iu kiu tiu ĉiu neniu miliono (million). (one) some(one) which|who this (one) every(one) none(-one) A, B, C (‘ts’), Ĉ (‘ch’), D, E, F, G (as ‘g’ in ‘gag’), Ĝ (as ‘g’ Examples: dek du (12), dudek unu (21), ducent (200), mil in ‘genie’), H, Ĥ (as the ‘ch’ in ‘loch’), I (as ‘ee” in “bee’), +o io kio tio ĉio nenio naŭcent sesdek ok (1968). (thing) something what this (thing) everything nothing J (short ‘i’, as ‘y’ in ‘yes’), Ĵ (as ‘s’ in ‘measure’), K, L, M, Ordinal = +a. Unua, dua = first, second... N, O, P, R, S, Ŝ (‘sh’), T, U (‘oo’), Ŭ (short ‘u’, as ‘w’ in +a ia kia tia ĉia nenia Adverb = +e. Unue, due= firstly, secondly... (kind) some kind what kind this kind every kind no kind ‘woman’), V, Z. In Esperanto, the emphasis is always on Noun = +o. Dekduo, dekoj = a dozen, tens. ie kie tie ĉie nenie the second-last syllable of the word. +e Multiple = +obl+a. Duobla, triobla = double, triple. (place) somewhere where there everywhere nowhere Fraction on+o Duono, kvarono = + . = half, quarter. +am iam kiam tiam ĉiam neniam Word Endings Group = +op+o. Duopo, triopo = duo, trio. (time) sometime when then always never No exceptions in Esperanto: +el iel kiel tiel ĉiel neniel Every noun ends is ‘o’ – parolo = speech. (manner) somehow how thus every way no way Every adjective ends in ‘a’ – parola = oral. Lesson 4 ª ial kial tial ĉial nenial . +al for some why for this for every for no Adverbs end in ‘e’ – parole = verbally. (reason) reason reason reason reason Plural is made with a ‘j’ – paroloj = speeches. Infinitive verbs with i‘ ’ – paroli = to speak. Question iom kiom tiom ĉiom nenion +om some, how much this much every no quantity (amount) To make yes|no questions, we put ‘ĉu’ at the beginning a little quantity Articles of a sentence: +es ies kies ties ĉies nenies Ĉu li manĝas? = Is he eating? (“...’s”) someone’s whose this one’s everyone’s nobody’s There is only one definite article, ‘la’: Jes, li manĝas = Yes, he’s eating. la parolo = the speech, la paroloj = the speeches, Ne, li trinkas. = No, he’s drinking. There is no indefinite article (no ‘a’, ‘an’, ‘some’): parolo = a speech, paroloj = some speeches. Lesson 6 ª Negation . To make a negative sentence, we just need to insert the Lesson 2 ª ne . word ‘ ’ right before the word that it negates. Sufixes Mi ne kantas = I am not singing. Placed between the root and the end of the word. Ne mi kantas = it is not me singing. Personal Pronouns • names of living beings: mi (I), vi [or ci, seldom used] (you), li (he), ŝi (she), ĝi (it), Accusative +ul (person): juna = young, junulo = a youth oni (English ‘one’), ni (we), vi (you), ili (they), si (‘self’, +an (member): urbo = city, urbano = a citizen In order to indicate that a noun is the object of a verb, used as the reflexive pronoun). +ist (profession): pano = bread, panisto = baker we append ‘n’ to the noun - and also to its adjectives, By appending ‘a’ to the personal pronouns, we get the +in (feminine): patro = father, patrino = mother which is unlike English. possessive adjectives: +id (offspring): koko = rooster, kokido = chick The ‘n’ ending is also used with adverbs of place, to mia, via, ilia... = my|mine, your|yours, their|theirs... +estr (chief): urbo = city, urbestro = mayor Conjunctions • names of things: vapor+ŝip+o (vapor + ship) = steam boat • subordinating +aĵ (concrete): nova = new, novaĵo = the news okul+vitr+o+j (eye + glasses) = eye glasses ĉar kvankam ke +il (tool): tranĉi = cut, tranĉilo = knife sam+temp+e (same+time+ly) = at the same time = because, = although, = that, kvazaũ se +ar (collective): arbo = tree, arbaro = forest = as if, = if • coordinating +er (element): mono = money, monero = coin sed aŭ kaj do +ej (place): panejo = bakery ª = but, = or, = and, = so|then|therefore, Lesson 7 nu nek +uj (container): monujo = purse . = well|now (interjection) , = neither|nor +ing (holder): kandelo = candle, kandelingo = candlestick Participles Adverbs abstract nouns • : hieraŭ = yesterday preskaŭ = almost ec + (quality): bela = beautiful, beleco = beauty Present Past Future hodiaŭ = today apenaŭ = barely +ism: nacio= nation, naciismo = nationalism Indicative +as +is +os morgaŭ = tomorrow nur = only nun = now almenaŭ = at least qualifiers ant-a int-a ont-a • : Active + + + ĵus = just now ankaŭ = also ebl + (capability): manĝebla = edible at-a it-a ot-a tuj = immediately eĉ = even em Passive + + + + (inclination): kredi = believe, kredema = baldaŭ = soon tre = very credulous active participles jam = already tro = too (much) +ind (worthy): ridi = laugh, ridinda = ridiculous • : as inta ankoraŭ = yet for = away +end (duty): pagi = pay, pagenda = outstanding Li est kant = He has sung. as anta • verbial: Li est kant = He is singing (right now). as onta +ig (transitive): ruĝa = red, ruĝigi = make red Li est kant = He is going to sing. Prepositions is inta +iĝ (intransitive) ruĝiĝi = to get red, to blush Vi est skrib = You had written. al = to kun = with ĉe = at is anta Vi est skrib = You were writing. por = for de = from sub =under is onta • universal: Vi est skrib = You were going to write. el = out of en = in sur = on os inta +et (diminutive): domo = house, dometo = cottage Ŝi est forir = She will have left. antaũ = before ĉirkaŭ = around super = over os anta +eg (augmentative): domego = mansion Ŝi est forir = She will be leaving. malantaŭ = behind apud = next to dum = during os onta +aĉ (pejorative): domaĉo = hovel, slum Ŝi est forir = She’ll be going to leave. eskter = outside inter = between ekde = since +ad (continuity): parolado = lecture kontraŭ = against ĝis = until sen = without passive participles +um (other uses): brako = arm, brakumi = embrace • : laŭ = according to krom = besides post = after as ita La akvo est trink = The water is drunk. malgraŭ = despite per = by (use of) pro = due to as ata La akvo est trink = ... is being drunk. pri = about tra = through trans = across Prefixes as ota La akvo est trink = ... is going to be drunk. anstataŭ = instead Placed before the root of the word. La pano estis manĝita = The bread had been eaten. La pano estis manĝata = ...was being eaten. mal+ (opposite): bela = beautiful, malbela = ugly La pano estis manĝota = ...was going to be eaten. Expressions re+ (repetition): legi = read, relegi = read again La foto estos vidita = The photo will have been seen. Saluton! Ĝis la revido! eks+ (past state): eksministro = ex-minister La foto estos vidata = ...will be being seen. Hello! See you! mis+ (error): miskompreni = misunderstand La foto estos vidota = ...will be about to be seen. Bonan tagon! Bonan nokton! ek+ (sudden start): ridi = laugh, Good day! Good night! ekridi = burst out laughing Mi nomiĝas... Kiel vi fartas? bo+ (in-law): bopatro = father-in-law Lesson 8 ª My name is... How do you do? pra+ (generation before): avo = grandfather . ju pli... des pli... kaj... kaj... praavo = great-grandfather the more... the more... both... and... fi+ (shame): fama = famous, fifama = ill reputed Comparatives au... au... nek... nek... dis+ (separate): doni = give, disdoni= distribute either... or... neither... nor... ge+ (bi-gender address): gepatroj = parents, inferiority malpli... ol less... than superiority pli... ol more... than Word Creation Ĉu vi komprenas ĉion? ª equality tiel... kiel as... as . Esperanto is a bit like Lego blocks. All you need to do is If so, then this means you now know all the basics of la plej... start combining pieces on a solid base, and you will build the most... Esperanto - and you can start using it! superlative la malplej... something new. In the same way, you can easily create the least... words using suffixes and prefixes, and combining roots: i) how many flowers do you see? Lesson 3 ª j) when I understand the language, I’ll speak. THE PREP . k) What is a ‘house’? a few short exercises l) whose car is this? to get you to start Write out the numbers and dates To write the dates in Esperanto, follow the formula: Lesson 6 ª practicing your “[weekday], la [number of day]+a de [month], [year].” . knowledge of the • weekdays, starting on Sunday: dimanĉo, lundo, Translate to English international language! mardo, merkredo, ĵaŭdo, vendredo, sabato. • months of the year: januaro, februaro, marto, aprilo, La 5-an de majo, mia fratino iris al la malsanulejo. Ŝi ne see reverse for answers majo, junio, julio, aŭgusto, septembro, oktobro, novem- estis malsana: ŝi nur iĝis patrino. bro, decembro. Ŝia ido estas knabeto. Li eble iam iĝos fiŝkaptisto aŭ ŝipestro - kial ne? Lesson 1 ª Ex: 15/12/1859 = la dek-kvina de decembro, mil okcent Mia fratinido multe ŝatas manĝi kaj li ofte dormas. Kiam . kvindek naŭ. li aŭskultas rakontojn, tio tuj dormigas lin. En mia ra- kont-libro, estas kelkaj poemoj, kiujn mi ŝatas legi al li. Fill in the word endings a) 73 b) 101 c) 20th d) 655 e) 14/07/1789 Dum la matenmanĝo, li kelkfoje ludas anstataŭ manĝi. th 4 Li tiam uzas la manĝilojn, kiel ludilojn. Tio multe ridigas Ex: the beautiful boys = la belAJ knabOJ f) 9,999 g) ⅟ h) Wednesday, 27 February i) 2,046 j) 18,442 k) 75,793 l) 2,088,405 nin: li estas tiom ludema!. a) the white horse = la blank ĉeval b) some blue balloons = blu balon Lesson 4 ª Lesson 7 ª c) to speak quickly = rapid parol . . d) some dogs and cats = hund kaj kat e) at length (“length-ly”) = long Translate to Esperanto Fill in the verb endings f) the large birds = la grand bird g) a good cake = bon kuk a) The fire is warm. a) He had caught the fish = li est kapt la fiŝon h) to eat well = bon manĝ b) She is writing a word. b) He is going to buy it = li est aĉet ĝin i) a red and green wall = ruĝ kaj verd mur c) They ate the legumes. c) A house is being built = domo est konstru j) to laugh and to cry = rid kaj plor d) He will help me. d) It will have been eaten = ĝi est manĝ k) truly happy = ver feliĉ e) Did you see my brother? e) We were about to drink = ni est trink f) Birds fly fast. f) My arm is broken = mia brako est romp g) Do you want to drink? g) The photo had been hidden = la foto est kaŝ Lesson 2 ª h) I am not sleeping, I’m tired. h) The dentist has worked = la dentisto est labor . i) Was the film good? i) You were running = vi est kur j) I am not reading the magazine (right now). j) The cake will be eaten = la kuko est manĝ Translate to English k) Can you work? No, I cannot. k) The kids will have played = la infanoj est lud l) We often use the telephone. Not necessarily word for word. Lesson 8 ª a) La domo estas granda. Lesson 5 ª . b) Ni rapide skribas. . c) La birdo estas blanka, ĝi flugas. Translate to Esperanto d) Mi estas juna viro. Translate to Esperanto Hello! My name is Maria. I live in Sydney. It is a very big e) Li atendu kaj aŭskultu! a) why do you prefer fish? city. I do not have a car, but I do not go to work by bus. f) Ŝi iros, manĝos kaj dormos. b) someone found paper. I prefer to go by foot, because my house is close to my g) Rigardu : pluvas forte! c) she hid the book there. workplace. h) Ili estis vivaj. d) we are always clean. I am a translator. So, I speak several languages. I like to i) Nia granda ĉevalo multe manĝas. e) he listens to music, like me. travel very much, and during my trips I often speak Espe- j) Mi volus kanti. f) my father eats nothing. ranto with my friends. I always travel by train. k) La blua akvo estas pura. g) they repeat every word. I like also to listen to music, and to go to the theatre. l) Li estos bona patro. h) such is our hope. Theatre is the most interesting art... in my opinion :-) See you! Lesson 3 ª ANSWERS . Lesson 6 ª note that there is always . Write out the numbers and dates more than one way a) sepdek tri Translate to English to say the same thing - b) cent unu On the 5th of May, my sister went to the hospital. She especially in Esperanto! c) dudeka was not sick she only became a mother. Her child is a d) sescent kvindek kvin little boy. Maybe someday he will become a fisherman, or Some alternative answers e) la dekkvara de julio mil sepcent okdek naŭ a captain – why not ? can be seen in brackets f) naŭmil naŭcent naŭdek naŭ My sister’s child really likes to eat [likes to eat a lot] and ✔ g) unu kvarono he is often sleeping. When he listens to a story, it [this] see reverse for exercises h) merkredo la dudek sepa de februaro makes him sleepy. In my story book, there are some i) dumil kvardek ses poems, which I like to read to him. j) dek okmil kvarcent kvardek du During breakfast, he sometimes plays instead of eating. Lesson 1 ª k) sepdek kvinmil sepcent naŭdek tri He then uses the cutlery [eating utensils] as toys. This . l) du milionoj okdek okmil kvarcent kvin makes us laugh a lot. He is always in the mood for [feels inclined towards] a game ! Fill in the word endings Lesson 4 ª a) la blanka ĉevalo . Lesson 7 ª b) bluaj balonoj . c) rapide paroli Translate to Esperanto d) hundoj kaj katoj Fill in the verb endings e) longe a) La fajro estas varma. f) la grandaj birdoj b) Ŝi skribas vorton. a) li estis kaptinta la fiŝon g) bona kuko c) Ili manĝis la legomojn. b) li estas aĉetonta ĝin h) bone manĝi d) Li helpos min. c) domo estas konstruata i) ruĝa kaj verda muro e) Ĉu vi vidis mian fraton? d) ĝi estos manĝita j) ridi kaj plori f) [La] Birdoj rapide flugas. e) ni estis trinkontaj k) vere feliĉa g) Ĉu vi volas [deziras] trinki? f) mia brako estas rompita h) Mi ne dormas, mi estas laca [mi lacas]. g) la foto estis kaŝita i) Ĉu la filmo estis bona? h) la dentisto estas laborinta Lesson 2 ª j) Mi ne legas la gazeton. i) vi estis kurantaj . k) Ĉu vi povas labori? Ne, mi ne povas. j) la kuko estas manĝota l) Ni ofte uzas la telefonon. k) la infanoj estos ludintaj Translate to English a) The house is big. Lesson 5 ª Lesson 8 ª b) We write quickly [fast]. . . c) The bird is white – it flies [is flying]. d) I’m a young man. Translate to Esperanto Translate to Esperanto e) He shall wait and listen! a) Kial vi preferas [la] fiŝon? Saluton! Mi nomiĝas Maria. Mi loĝas en Sidnejo. Ĝi estas f) She will go, will eat and will sleep. b) Iu trovis paperon. tre granda urbo. Mi ne havas aũton, sed mi ne iras al [She’s going to go, is going to eat...] c) ŝi kaŝis la libron tie. laboro aũtobuse [per aũtobuso]. Mi preferas iri piede g) Look: it’s raining heavily! d) Ni ĉiam estas puraj. [piediri], ĉar mia domo estas proksima al [apud] mia lab- h) They were alive. e) Li aŭskultas muzikon, kiel mi. orejo. Mi estas tradukistino [tradukisto]. Do, mi parolas i) Our big horse eats a lot. f) Mia patro manĝas nenion. plurajn lingvojn. Mi multe ŝatas vojaĝi, kaj dum miaj j) I would want to sing. g) Ili ripetas ĉiun vorton. vojaĝoj mi ofte parolas Esperante [en Esperanto] kun k) The blue water is clean [pure]. h) Tia estas nia espero! miaj amikoj. Mi ĉiam vojaĝas per trajno.Mi ŝatas ankaŭ l) He is going to be a good father. i) Kiom da floroj vi vidas? aŭskulti muzikon kaj iri teatron [al teatro]. Teatro est la j) Kiam mi komprenos la lingvon, mi parolos. plej interesa arto... laŭ mi :-) k) Kio estas domo? Ĝis la revido! l) Kies estas tiu aŭto? frat-o brother krom besides pens-o thought skrib-i write THE WORDS fru-e early kuir-i cook perd-i loose sol-a sole, alone the basic words frukt-o fruit kultur-o culture pet-i ask for son-o sound in a 2-page funkci-i function kun with pied-o foot special-a special gazet-o magazine kuŝ-a laid down plen-a full spert-o experience mini-dictionary, ĝeneral-a general la the pli (ol) more (than) star-i stand to help increase ĝis until, to labor-o work (ne) plu (no) further ŝtat-o state (polit.) glas-o glass lac-a tired plur-aj several strat-o street your vocabulary! grand-a big, large land-o country poem-o poem stud-i study grav-a important last-a last popol-o people sub under grup-o group leg-i read post after sufiĉ-a enough ĝust-a exact, just legom-o legume poŝt-a postal sukces-o success Esperanto > English ª halt-i stop lern-i learn pov-i be able to sun-o sun . hav-i have libr-o book precip-e especially super above aer-o air decid-i decide hejm-o home lig-i tie, bind prefer-i prefer sur on ag-i act dekstr-a right help-o help lign-o wood pret-i ready tabl-o table akcept-i accept demand-o question histori-o history lingv-o language pri about tag-o day akv-o water dezir-i desire, wish hor-o hour lud-i play produkt-o product tamen however al to direkt-i direct ide-o idea manĝ-i eat proksim-e close by teatr-o theatre ali-a [an]other divers-a varied inform-i inform mank-o lack of propr-a own telefon-o telephone alt-a tall, high dolĉ-a sweet instru-i teach man-o hand prov-i try ten-i hold amik-o friend dom-o house interes-i interest mar-o sea publik-a public ter-o earth am-o love don-i give ir-i go maten-o morning pur-a clean, pure tim-o fear ankoraŭ still, yet dorm-i sleep jar-o year memor-o memory rakont-i tell tra through anstataŭ instead of dum during jes yes met-i put rapid-a fast, quick traduk-i translate antaŭ before edz-o husband ĵet-i throw mez-o middle regul-o rule tranĉ-i cut apart-a separate ekster outside jun-a young mir-o marvel rekomend-i recommend trink-i drink aper-i appear ekzempl-o example kaj and mon-o money rimark-i notice trov-i find apud next to, by elekt-i choose kamp-o field mult-a much ripet-i repeat tuj immediately artikol-o article en in kant-i sing naci-a national river-o river tuŝ-i touch art-o art esper-i hope kap-o head natur-o nature romp-i break universal-a universal asoci-o association est-i be kapt-i catch ne no, not rond-a round urb-o city atend-i wait facil-a easy kar-a dear neces-a necessary ŝajn-i seem uz-i use aŭ or fajr-o fire kaŝ-i hide nom-o name salon-o parlour varm-a warm aŭd-i hear fakt-o fact kaŭz-o cause nov-a new sam-a same vend-i sell aŭskult-i listen fal-i fall, drop kelk-a any, some nur only san-a healthy ver-a true aŭt(omobil)- car far-i do, make klas-o class oft-e often ŝanĝ-i change vesper-o evening aŭtobus-o bus fenestr-o window knab-o boy okaz-o occasion ŝat-i like vest-o garment aŭtun-o autumn, fall fest-o celebration kolekt-i collect, gather ol than sci-i know viand-o meat baldaŭ soon film-o film kolor-o colour opini-o opinion seĝ-o seat vid-i see best-o animal fin-i finish komerc-o commerce ordinar-a common sen without vir-o man bezon-o need fiŝ-o fish kompren-i understand organiz-i organise send-i send vitr-o glass bild-o picture flank-o side komun-a [in] common pac-o peace serĉ-i search viv-o life bird-o bird flav-a yellow kongres-o congress paĝ-o page serv-o service vizit-i visit bon-o good flor-o flower kon-i know pan-o bread sid-a seated vojaĝ-i travel ĉef-a principal flug-i fly konsent-i agree paper-o paper signif-i mean, signify voj-o way, route cel-o aim, goal foj-o turn, time konsil-o advice pardon-i forgive sinjor-o mister vok-i call cert-a certain forges-i forget kontraŭ against part-o part ŝip-o ship vol-i want ĉu ? (question) fort-a strong kost-i cost patr-o father situaci-o situation vort-o word da of (quantity) frap-i hit, knock kresk-i grow pec-o piece skatol-o box zorg-o care ª English > Esperanto . (question) ĉu ? collect kolekt-i fruit frukt-o magazine gazet-o product produkt-o telephone telefon-o about pri colour kolor-o full plen-a make far-i proper dec-a tell rakont-i above super commerce komerc-o function funkci-i man vir-o public publik-a than ol accept akcept-i common komun-a garment vest-o marvel mir-o put met-i the la act ag-i common ordinar-a general ĝeneral-a mean signif-i question demand-o theatre teatr-o advice konsil-o congress kongres-o give don-i meat viand-o read leg-i think pens-i after post cook kuir-i glass glas-o memory memor-o ready pret-i through tra against kontraŭ cost kost-i glass vitr-o method metod-o recommend rekomend-i throw ĵet-i agree konsent-i country land-o go ir-i middle mez-o repeat ripet-i tie (knot) lig-i aim cel-o crazy freneza good bon-o mister sinjor-o right dekstr-a tired lac-a air aer-o culture kultur-o group grup-o money mon-o river river-o to al alone sol-a cut tranĉ-i grow kresk-i more (than) pli (ol) round rond-a touch tuŝ-i and kaj day tag-o hand man-o morning maten-o rule regul-o train trajno animal best-o dear kar-a have hav-i name nom-o same sam-a translate traduk-i anymore (ne...) plu decide decid-i head kap-o national naci-a sea mar-o travel vojaĝ-i appear aper-i desire dezir-i healthy san-a nature natur-o search serĉ-i tree arbo art art-o direct direkt-i hear aŭd-i necessary neces-a seat seĝ-o truth ver-o article artikol-o drink trink-i help help-o need bezon-o seated sid-a try prov-i ask for pet-i drop fal-i hide kaŝ-i new nov-a see vid-i turn turn-i association asoci-o during dum history histori-o next venonta seem ŝajn-i turn (time) foj-o autumn aŭtun-o early fru-e hit frap-i next to apud sell vend-i under sub be est-i earth ter-o hold ten-i no, not ne send send-i understand kompren-i before antaŭ easy facil-a home hejm-o notice rimark-i separate apart-a universal universal-a besides krom eat manĝ-i hope esper-i occasion okaz-o service serv-o until ĝis big grand-a edit redakt-i hour hor-o of de several plur-aj use uz-i bird bird-o enough sufiĉ-a house dom-o of (quantity) da shine bril-i varied divers-a book libr-o especially precip-e however tamen often oft-e ship ŝip-o various mult-aj box skatol-o evening vesper-o husband edz-o on sur side flank-o visit vizit-i boy knab-o exact ĝust-a idea ide-o only nur sing kant-i wait atend-i bread pan-o example ekzempl-o immediately tuj opinion opini-o situation situaci-o want vol-i break romp-i experience spert-o important grav-a or aŭ sleep dorm-i warm varm-a brother frat-o fact fakt-o in en organise organiz-i soon baldaŭ water akv-o bus aŭtobus-o fast rapid-a inform inform-i other ali-a sound son-o way voj-o call vok-i father patr-o instead of anstataŭ outside ekster special special-a window fenestr-o can pov-i fear tim-o interest interes-i own propr-a stand star-i with kun car aŭto few kelk-a know sci-i page paĝ-o state (polit.) ŝtat-o without sen care zorg-o field kamp-o know (acq.) kon-I paper paper-o stop halt-i wood lign-o carriage vagon-o film film-o lack mank-o parlour salon-o street strat-o word vort-o catch kapt-i find trov-i language lingv-o part part-o strong fort-a work labor-o cause kaŭz-o finish fin-i last last-a peace pac-o study stud-i write skrib-i celebration fest-o fire fajr-o lay down kuŝ-I people popol-o success sukces-o year jar-o certain cert-a fish fiŝ-o learn lern-i picture bild-o sun sun-o yellow flav-a change ŝanĝ-i flower flor-o legume legom-o piece pec-o sweet dolĉ-a yes jes choose elekt-i fly flug-i life viv-o play lud-i table tabl-o yet ankoraŭ city urb-o foot pied-o like ŝat-i poem poem-o tall alt-a young jun-a class klas-o forget forges-i listen aŭskult-i postal poŝt-a teach instru-i close by proksim-e forgive pardon-i loose perd-i prefer prefer-i cloth tuk-o friend amik-o love am-o principal ĉef-a