Evaluation of Traffic control and management system on section - Konjice

Version: 1.0 Date: December 2019 Author: DARS d.d., Božidar Volk, Andreja Dular, Andreja Skroza, Nastran Brane Distribution level: Public Status: Issued for general use within Crocodile 2 projects

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GLOSSARY

ABBREVIATIONS

CCTV Closed-circuit television is the use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific place, limited set of monitors. It differs from broadcast television in that the signal is not openly transmitted.

VMS Variable Message Signs

SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition - the term SCADA usually refers to centralized systems which monitor and control entire sites, or complexes of systems spread out over large areas; in this case the section of the motorway or fast road with the system for monitoring and controlling the traffic implemented on it.

TMS Traffic Management System

CC Control Centre

ICT Information and Communication Technologies

PH Police Headquarters

EEG Evaluation Expert Group

MoT Ministry of Transport

ITS Intelligent Transport Systems

DARS Motorway Company in the Republic of

TCC/TMC/TIC Traffic Control Centre/Traffic Management Centre/Traffic Information Centre

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SCOPE OF THIS EVALUATION

Aim of Crocodile project avaluation is to prepare and present the results of their work on evaluating the implementation of TMS projects in a common format. It is important to recognize that projects in Crocodile are funded by Member States as well as by the European Commission, and that some Member States will have their own requirements for presenting evaluation results. However, adoption of this common format for presenting results will help to ensure that results of similar implementations can be compared, assisting in the transfer of results between sites and providing European Added Value. One of the tasks of the Evaluation will now be to ensure that the template meets the requirements of the Member States involved, as well as the Crocodile partners and project Steering Committee.

The project domains are: - Traveller Information Services, providing comprehensive real time traffic information for travel planning (pre-trip) as well as decisions during the journey (on-trip).

- Traffic Management Services, detecting incidents and emergencies, ensuring safe and efficient use of the road network, also for cross-border transport.

- Freight and Logistics Services, to optimize the capacity and efficiency of goods transport by providing safe and efficient access to intermodal terminals and provide dedicated seamless information on the TERN plus measures for management of hazardous or sensitive cargoes.

- Connected ICT Infrastructure, to provide end user services with data from systems that monitor the road situation in real time, also enabling cross-border interoperability and continuity of services.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. KEY EVALUATION RESULTS ...... 5

1.1. IMPACT ON TRAFFIC FLOW ...... 5 1.2. IMPACT ON SAFETY ...... 5 1.3. IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT ...... 6 1.4. OTHER KEY RESULTS...... 6 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM ...... 7

2.1. SITE ...... 7 2.2. ISSUES ADDRESSED...... 7 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ITS PROJECT ...... 8

3.1. PROJECT DOMAIN ...... 8 3.2. KEY WORDS ...... 8 3.3. OBJECTIVES ...... 8 3.4. SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED ...... 9 3.5. TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLANS ON THE CORRIDORS AMONG FIVE COUNTRIES (, CROATIA, ITALY, HUNGARY, SLOVENIA) ...... 13 3.6. STATUS OF THE PROJECT ...... 15 4. EVALUATION PLANNED ...... 16

4.1. TIMING AND TYPE OF EVALUATION ...... 16 4.2. OBJECTIVES FOR THE EVALUATION...... 16 4.3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS ...... 16 4.4. STUDY AREA FOR THE EVALUATION ...... 16 4.5. EXPECTED IMPACTS ...... 16 4.6. EXPECTED METHODS ...... 17 5. THE IMPACT OF THE PROJECT - RESULTS ...... 18

5.1. TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE ...... 18 5.2. RESULTS ...... 18 5.3. RELIABILITY OF RESULTS ...... 18 5.4. RESEARCH QUESTIONS ANSWERED ...... 18 5.5. OVERALL ASSESSMENT ...... 18 5.5.1. Safety ...... 18 5.5.2. Efficiency ...... 19 5.5.3. Environment ...... 20 5.5.4. Other ...... 20 6. EUROPEAN DIMENSION: TRANSFERABILITY OF THE RESULTS ...... 21

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1. Key Evaluation Results

Traffic management system (TMS) is composed of variable message signs (portals), microwave detection, video control, road-weather stations, and user information systems. With the help of the mentioned system, DARS will be able to follow the traffic flows easily and more effectively using the regional traffic control centre.

TMS on the considered motorway section is an ITS which enables the establishment of optimal traffic conditions according to the momentary traffic and weather conditions on the road or when exceptional events will occur.

1.1. Impact on Traffic Flow

While driving on the motorway or on a fast road, the driver is exposed to the influence of the road, influence of other vehicles, weather conditions and road surrounding. His actions are subordinated to the reaction on events from his field of sight. The events, that he bypassed, are no longer interesting for him; about the conditions in front of him he can only assume based on information, offered by VMS and by his field of sight. With this kind of system, we can reduce the traffic jams by “setting” the drivers before the event in such a way of driving, that traffic jam doesn't occur. With the adoption of the speed to the current traffic conditions better exploitation of road connection is achieved. In case of traffic jam or heavy traffic congestion, the system is performing the function of timely traffic direction. The drivers are informed about the traffic problems before reaching the critical road section, so they are able to avoid unpleasant crush on the road in time or they are redirected with adequate signalization on suitable spot. Thereby the possibility for traffic jam or accident to happen is reduced and, at the same time, the traffic infrastructure is optimally used. TMS ensures the harmonization of traffic flow in case of big traffic loads and, as a consequence, better use of road capacity and less traffic jams.

1.2. Impact on Safety

The ability to detect incidents in real time will help the operators taking right decisions, closing the , activating the warning signalization and activating the traffic plans. Thereby, warning the users about the danger ahead and preventing of traffic entering into the danger zone. The reduction of accidents will be the result of informing the users (drivers) about the obstacles (on roadway, in the tunnel), where they are informed and redirected with the portals on the lane, which is clear of obstacles.

Established additional benefits in the field of traffic safety:

• Accident detection and accident location protection, • Informing the users about the traffic and weather conditions on the road section, on which they will enter, • Traffic calming, • Closure of Tunnel or information about blocking of tunnel, • Redirection of traffic from the motorway or to the motorway, • Elimination of vehicles from the traffic, • Set up of roadwork blockades, • Activating the traffic plans.

TMS ensures the harmonization of traffic flow in case of big traffic loads and, as a consequence, better use of road capacity and less traffic jams.

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1.3. Impact on Environment

With the reduction of a number of standing vehicles in a queue the emissions of noxious substances, which are polluting the environment, is reduced. This way TMS indirectly also reduces the impact of traffic on the environment.

Construction of infrastructure is degrading the natural environment and, above all, with the fragmentation of natural ambience presents the danger for unique heterogeneous biological environment in Slovenia (Source: Environmental Agency of the Republic of Slovenia, 2005).

The road network cannot be expanded infinitely because of the costs and environmental issues. The solution is thereby not in building new and extending traffic ways, but in maximal exploitation of existing motorway system.

TMS ensures less burdening of the natural environment.

1.4. Other Key Results

The system has, during its operation, proven high availability of the activities, as well as high level of reliability of displayed information, which certainly positively affects on increased traffic safety, on optimal traffic flow, on disburden of the natural environment and on positive users attitude toward the system.

Established additional benefits in the field of efficiency: − Accident detection and accident location protection, − Informing the users about the traffic and weather conditions on the road section, on which they will enter, − Traffic calming, − Closure of Tunnel or information about blocking of tunnel, − Redirection of traffic from the motorway or to the motorway, − Elimination of vehicles from the traffic, − Set up of roadwork blockades.

The survey among 120 drivers on the sections, which are covered with this kind of systems, has shown explicitly positive users attitude toward the system. They have answered almost 80% positive on all questions (in average).

Most emphasized points are: − the awareness of the existence and installations of the system, − usefulness of the system, − opinion, that it contributes to the reduction of traffic accidents, − opinion, that there is a need to install more of this kind of systems, − understandability.

VMS is integrated into the central national TCC/TMC/TIC, which presents the central point for traffic management and control and for traffic information on V. and X. corridor and enables cross-border cooperation and data exchange.

The system is available to all the users of motorway section, where it is installed. TMS ensures the satisfaction of drivers needs for information and the increase of driving comfort. TMS exchange the data with neigburing countries.

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2. Description of the Problem

2.1. Site

The motorway section Slovenska Bistrica – Celje Zahod, in the length 33,7 km, is part of the motorway A1, connecting Šentilj (Slovenia's northeast) and (Slovenia's southwest). It is a part of the Pan-European corridor V. The average annual daily traffic on this section is 39.400, from which 6.100 high weight vehicles (15,3%).

The entire section is shown on picture 1.

Picture 1: Motorway section Slovenska Bistrica – Celje Zahod

2.2. Issues Addressed

Above mentioned motorway section is very loaded, specially with cargo traffic, therefore it's important to anticipate corresponding scenarios of traffic re-routing in case of exceptional conditions on the road (separation in winter conditions, closure of the tunnel or motorway section, ...) in order to ensure optimal traffic flow on the entire motorway system in the wider area of the mentioned motorway section.

Because of the high traffic loads, which are including transit as well as city traffic and because of densely placed junctions, the mentioned motorway section belongs among potentially dangerous road sections on which, in order to assure traffic safety in potentially dangerous situations, traffic management system (TMS) needs to be installed.

The new road section, covered with the traffic management system, is one step further in improving the system for informing the users about the road conditions on Slovenian motorways. DARS thereby strives for optimization of traffic flow, reduction of negative influences on environment and better exploitation of the traffic infrastructure. DARS thereby also follows the long-term goal of increasing the traffic safety on Slovenian motorways.

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3. Description of the ITS Project

3.1. Project Domain

The project domains are: • Traveller Information Services, • Traffic Management Services, • Connected ICT Infrastructure.

3.2. Key Words

Key words: Traveller Information Traffic Management Freight and Logistics ICT Infrastructure Services Services Services Pre-trip Traveller Variable Speed Limits Parking Areas Lopata and Data Management and Information Exchange

On-trip Traveller Traffic Management using Traffic Management Plans Information Re-routing

Variable Message Signs Automatic Incident DATEX II Detection

Comprehension and Use of CCTV Traffic Monitoring Compliance

Driver Behaviour Control Centres

Table 1: Key words used to describe the nature of the project and the applications used

3.3. Objectives

The projects overarching objectives which are expected to be achieved by 2020 are as follows: • 3 % improvement in road safety by 2020, • 3 % decrease in congestion, facilitate travel and mobility of people and goods by 2020, • 1 % reduction in the impact on the Environment by 2020.

Main objectives of this system will be: • Optimal operation (reliability and availability), • Reduction of traffic accidents, casualties and injuries on the road section, where this system will be used, • Reduction of the number and the length of traffic jams, • Reduction of CO2 emissions, • Recognition, comprehension and approval (acceptance) of the system by the users.

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3.4. Systems and Technologies Applied

Traffic management system (TMS) is composed of variable message signs (portals), microwave detection, video control, road-weather stations, and user information systems. They are installed along the motorway section and through which the data acquisition of traffic and weather data is performed, which is enabling unified information and traffic management on the open motorway as well as in the tunnels. With the help of the mentioned system, DARS is able to follow the traffic flows easily and more effectively using the regional control centre in Slovenske Konjice.

The collected data are processed and saved in the control centre with the help of adequate hardware and software equipment. Based on data analysis, the traffic control is performed in real time in the CC regarding the actual situation on the motorway section. In case of a heavy traffic loads, bad weather conditions or exceptional events (traffic accident, road work, wrong way driving, obstacle on the road, etc.), the traffic management measures are triggered inside the system in order to ensure traffic safety in exceptional conditions on the motorway. The measures are performed automatically or manually with the help of operators in the CC.

The most important part of the system is informing the drivers in real time using the variable message signs (VMS), which are installed along the motorway section. At the same time other information sources (internet, radio, telephone, teletext) are also used to inform the drivers about the road conditions and about the occurring exceptional events.

TMS on the considered motorway section is composed of many inter-connected components, which enable operation of basic system functions: − collecting of traffic and weather data and data regarding exceptional events on the roads along the discussed road section, − data processing and storing, − control over the current situation on the motorway section, − control over functioning of individual system components, − executing the measures of traffic management on the motorway section.

Effective execution of traffic management and control of the motorway network is enabled through the data exchange between the system for management and control on the motorway network and other organizations and systems, which are participating in managing and controlling of traffic on this motorway section.

The structure of the system on the considered motorway section has to enable upgrading of the system in the sense of extending the size and introducing new technologies.

Components of the system: − Regional centre for traffic management and control (1 X) − Local control stations (3 X) − External sub-systems: − microwave detectors (10 X) − video control (3 X) − VMS portal (5 X) − Telecommunication network

TMS is composed of sub-systems (microwave detection,video control, road-weather stations), which are installed along the motorway section and through which the data acquisition of traffic and weather data is performed. The collected data are processed and stored in CC with the help of corresponding

Ex-Ante Evaluation of renovation of TCMS on section Celje - Konjice - 9 - software (SCADA). This way, the control over the current situation is enabled in real time, as well as execution of corresponding measures for traffic management in case of exceptional events. The most important part of the system is informing the drivers in real time using VMS. The entire environment is presented in picture 2. In pictures 3 and 4 the control system SCADA is shown.

Picture 2: TMS environment

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Picture 3: SCADA system

Picture 4: SCADA system

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Types of variable message signs (VMS):

VMS portals are placed above the motorway . The VMS portal type ZIZ is composed of two graphical displays on each side for displaying the traffic signs and from the central part in the middle for displaying textual messages and symbols. They also include fields for showing arrows and crosses above each traffic lane. VMS portals are intended for informing the drivers on the motorway section. Example of this kind of portal is presented in picture 5.

Picture 5: VMS portal type ZIZ (Location Celje)

The VMS portal type ZZZ is composed of three graphical displays for displaying the traffic signs and textual messages and symbols. They also include fields for showing arrows and crosses above each traffic lane. VMS portals are intended for informing the drivers on the motorway section. Example of this kind of portal is presented in picture 5.

Picture 6: VMS portal type ZZZ (Location Dramlje)

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Picture 7: VMS portal type ZIZ (Location Tepanje)

Variable message signs are intended for displaying the messages in order to inform the drivers in case of exceptional situations on the road. The messages can include warnings regarding danger, limitations, interdictions, instructions for re-routing and other useful instructions and information. It is expected, from the driver’s side, to take into account displayed messages, because doing so, they contribute to the re-establishment of higher level of traffic safety and optimal traffic flow in case of exceptional situations on the road.

VMS is the most important part of TMS, which is an integral traffic system enabling re-establisment and sustenance of optimal traffic conditions, on the road section where it is introduced.

3.5. Traffic management plans on the corridors among five countries (Austria, Croatia, Italy, Hungary, Slovenia)

The motorway section Celje – Slovenske Konjice is a part of A1 motorway in Slovenia and an important part of East-West motorway corridor Budapest – – Venice. The traffic on the corridor increases every year in particular freight traffic and heavy goods vehicles are the cause of major problems. The corridor is an important part of new Traffic Management Plans (TMP) among five countries. There are all together seven corridors included in these TMP and the above mentioned section on A1 Celje – Slovenske Konjice is also a part of detours for most of the other corridors in TMP.

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Picture 8: Scheme of TMP corridors among five countries (A, HR, I, H, SLO) and position of Celje – Slovenske Konjice motorway section

The TMP on the corridor Budapest - Ljubljana – Venice enables selection of the strategy and offers instructions on how to deal with the situation in the cross-border area in case of strong disturbances on the mentioned corridor. The selection of the strategy depends above all on the location and duration of the disturbance. This is international coordination of traffic management measures between traffic management centres (TMC) of above mentioned five countries. On the first figure below a possible scenario for corridor Budapest – Ljubljana – Venice is presented (among many).

On the second figure a possible scenario with detour via A1 Celje – Slovenske Konjice motorway section in presented.

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Picture 8: TMP Venice – Budapest – disturbances in Hungary (driving direction east)

Picture 8: TMP Rijeka – Vienna – disturbances in Croatia (driving direction north)

3.6. Status of the Project

VMS installation on the treated sections was successfully performed in the June 2018. Project is thereby brought to an end. The system is operational.

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4. Evaluation Planned

4.1. Timing and Type of Evaluation

Ex-ante Evaluation was performed at the start of deployment of TCMS on section Celje - Konjice and in the end of the deployment of the TCMS on section Celje - Konjice.

4.2. Objectives for the Evaluation

The objectives of this evaluation are: - to determine the relation (acceptance) of the users toward the planned system, - to determine the impact of the system regarding the traffic flow on the treated section, - to determine the impact of the system regarding the traffic safety on the treated section, - to determine the impact of the system regarding the environment on the treated section, - to determine the impact of the system regarding the travel comfort on the treated section, - to determine the economic justification of the installation of the system.

4.3. Research Questions

The main research questions are: - is the system interesting from the users point of view, - will the number and the length of traffic jams decrease, - will the number of traffic accidents decrease, - will the number of injured in traffic accidents decrease, - will the burdening of natural environment decrease, - can the increase of travel comfort be expected, - is the introduction of the system economically justified.

4.4. Study Area for the Evaluation

The study area is, above all, the location of installation and operation of the system, including the wider surrounding area, as well as the locations of TCC. Evaluation is limited to the immediate site of the ITS scheme, but it also offers the support to the decision about the broader installation of this kind of systems.

4.5. Expected Impacts

The expected impacts are: - positive users attitude toward the system, - increased traffic safety, - harmonized traffic flow, - decreased burdening of natural environment, - economic justification.

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4.6. Expected Methods

• Approach: - Surveys with the users regarding the attitude toward the system, - Surveys and analyses regarding the estimation of increased traffic safety, - Surveys and analyses regarding the estimation of decreased volume of traffic jams, - Surveys and analyses regarding the estimation of decreased burdening of natural environment, - Analyses of publications/evaluations.

• Expected performance: - Positive users attitude toward the system, - >= 4 % reduction of the number of accidents, - >= 4 % reduction of the number of injured persons, - >= 4 % reduction of the number of traffic jams, - >= 1 % reduction of burdening of natural environment, - Economic justifications because of increased traffic safety, reduced traffic jams and reduced negative influence on the environment.

• Data collection: - Questionnaire and analysis with the emphasis on the attitude (acceptance) toward the system, - Questionnaire and analysis with emphasis on the estimation of increased traffic safety, - Questionnaire and analysis with emphasis on the estimation of decreased volume of traffic jams, - Questionnaire and analysis with emphasis on the estimation of decreased burdening of natural environment,

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5. The Impact of the Project - Results

5.1. Technical Performance

The system is in realization and in preparation phase.

5.2. Results

The result of surveys and analyses are confirming the attainability of defined goals of the system as well as expected objectives of evaluation. It is expected that the system will be successful.

5.3. Reliability of Results

Estimations and analyses in the domain.

5.4. Research Questions Answered

Evaluation has positively answered on all research questions posed: - The system is interesting from the users point of view, - The number and the length of traffic jams will decrease, - The number of traffic accidents will decrease, - The number of injured in traffic accidents will decrease, - The burdening of natural environment will decrease, - The increase of travel comfort can be expected, - The project will be economically justified.

5.5. Overall Assessment

Deployment TCMS on section Celje - Konjice, in connection with TMS, are composed of VMS (portals, semi-portals, VMS traffic signs) and other sub-systems: micro detection video control, road- weather stations, height control and user information systems. With the help of the mentioned system, DARS will be able to follow the traffic flows easily and more effectively using the traffic control centre. Deployment TCMS on section Celje - Konjice, in connection with TMS, will introduce an intelligent transport system which will enable the establishment of optimal traffic conditions according to the momentary traffic and weather conditions on the road or when exceptional events will occur. The entire system is also a very useful tool in the aid of running a control centre with limited staff that also has the responsibility for the monitoring and control of multiple based control systems. The system allows the control room operators to concentrate on the various tasks without the constant requirement for the stringent monitoring of the CCTV cameras.

5.5.1. SAFETY

The A1 motorway section Celje West – is the area of the influence of the addressed VMSs. Despite the fact that the traffic load (average daily traffic in the two year period (one year before the

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start of the operation of the VMSs and one year after)) on the motorway section has increased for 4%, the number of traffic accidents in the same period has decreased for 25%.

The reduction of accidents is the result of informing the users (drivers) about the obstacles prior to the affected area thus redirecting them as soon as possible with the VMSs on the lane, which is clear of obstacles.

There are also two tunnels on the section which can be closed in some cases. The red light on the entrance of the tunnel was regularly ignored by several drivers. After the implementation of the VMSs, this behaviour has been improved significantly. When driver is early informed about this kind of event, he/she is prepared and is able to stop safely in front of the red light.

Established additional benefits in the field of traffic safety: - Accident detection and accident place protection, - Informing the users about the traffic and weather conditions on the road section, on which they will enter, - Traffic calming, - Closure of road or tunnel, - Redirection of traffic from the motorway or to the motorway, - Elimination of vehicles from the traffic, - Set up of roadwork blockades.

Renovated ITS systems in the tunnel, in connection with TMS, will ensure bigger traffic safety in potentially dangerous situations.

5.5.2. EFFICIENCY

Immediate detection of potentially dangerous situation and ability to actuate countermeasures in the shortest possible time might help prevent accidents, and – should they occur - minimize the consequences on the traffic flow. While driving on the motorway or on a fast road, the driver is exposed to the influence of the road, influence of other vehicles, weather conditions and road surroundings. His actions are subordinated to the reaction on events from his field of sight. The events, that he bypassed, are no longer interesting for him; about the conditions in front of him he can only assume based on information, offered by VMS and by his field of sight. With this kind of system, we can reduce the traffic jams by “appointing” the drivers before the event in such a way of driving, that traffic jam doesn't occur (speed limiting, warnings …). With the adoption of the speed to the current traffic conditions better use of road capacyty is achieved. In case of traffic jam or heavy traffic congestion, the system is performing the function of timely traffic direction. The drivers are informed about the traffic problems before reaching the critical road section, so they are able to avoid unpleasant over-crowding on the road in time or they are redirected with adequate signalization on suitable spot. Thereby, the possibility for traffic jam or accident to happen is reduced and, at the same time, the traffic infrastructure is optimally used.

Renovated ITS systems in connection with TMS, ensure the harmonization of traffic flow in case of heavy traffic loads and, as a consequence, better use of road capacity and less traffic jams.

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5.5.3. ENVIRONMENT

With the reduction of a number of standing vehicles in a queue because of redirection of traffic the emissions of noxious substances, which are polluting the environment, will also be reduced. The road network cannot be expanded infinitely because of the costs and environmental issues. The solution is thereby not in building and extending the traffic ways, but in maximal exploitation of existing infrastructure.

5.5.4. OTHER The survey for user acceptance of TMS system performed in 2010 among 120 drivers has shown explicitly positive users attitude toward the system. They have answered almost 80% positive on all questions (in average) {Ref.: Ex-post Evaluation of TMS on the Western bypass road of Ljubljana}. Most emphasized points were of: - the awareness about the existence and installations of the system (100%), - usefulness of the system (95%), - opinion, that it contributes to the reduction of traffic accidents (85%), - opinion, that there is a need to install more of this kind of systems (82%), - understandability (100%).

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6. European Dimension: Transferability of the Results

It is considered, that the results of this evaluation are transferable and useful for evaluations of similar projects inside the European Union. The results of this evaluation can also be used as a help or reference for comparison (evaluation) of similar future implementations in the area of motorways and fast roads in Slovenia, as well as for future decisions regarding these kinds of implementations in the above mentioned area. Deployment TCMS on section Celje - Konjice in connection with TMS, will enable more effective follow up and managing of traffic condition on the wider area of A1 motorway and will thereby improve the control and safety on corridor V. and improve the response times of road services in case of exceptional events.

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