National Integrated Protected Areas Programme

NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001

NATIONAL INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREAS PROGRAMME NIPAP A special Project of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources supported with a grant from the European Union (B7-504 I/93/20)

FINAL REPORT

March 2001

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 9 1.1 Layout of the Report ...... 9 1.2 Conclusions ...... 9

2 BACKGROUND...... 11 2.1 Context ...... 11 2.2 History ...... 11 2.2.1 Objective ...... 11 2.2.2 Constitutional Status ...... 11 2.2.3 Global Work Plan ...... 11 2.2.4 1998 Annual Workplan ...... 11 2.2.5 The Mid-Term Review – June 1998 ...... 12 2.2.6 1999 Annual Work Plan ...... 12 2.2.7 Site Prioritization in 1999 (Malampaya Sound and Mts. Iglit & Baco) ...... 13 2.2.8 Special Consideration of Coron Island ...... 13 2.2.9 2000 Annual Work Plan ...... 14 2.2.10 Six Month Extension to March 2001 ...... 14 2.3 Background Documents ...... 15

3 ASSESSMENT BASED ON THE LOGICAL FRAMEWORK ...... 16 3.1 Introduction ...... 16 3.1.1 The Logical Framework ...... 16 3.1.2 Status Report & Analysis ...... 16 3.2 Specific Objective: Establish effective protection and management of natural habitats and biodiversity in 8 NIPAS sites ...... 17 3.2.1 Variations in the Population Density of Indicator Species ...... 17 3.2.2 Presence or Absence of Indicator Species ...... 17 3.2.3 Changes in Land Use and Vegetation Cover ...... 17 3.2.4 Presence and Implementation of General Management Plans (GMP) ...... 18 3.3 Output One: Appropriately Designed and Legally Established Pas Within Rationalized and Delineated Boundaries ...... 19 3.3.1 Conduct Ecological Studies ...... 19 3.3.2 Conduct Socio-Economic Surveys ...... 21 3.3.3 Review and Rationalize PA Boundaries ...... 23 3.3.4 Delineate PA Boundaries ...... 24 3.3.5 Conduct Activities Necessary to Fulfill the Thirteen Legal Requirements for Congressional Enactment of Protected Areas ...... 24 3.4 Output Two: Establishment of Effective Structure and Mechanisms for Protection, Management and Administation of Protected Areas ...... 26 3.4.1 Prepare General Management Plan ...... 26 3.4.2 Build up PA Staff Complement and Provide Equal Opportunities to Men and Women .. 27

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3.4.3 Provide Training to PA Staff ...... 28 3.4.4 Strengthen PA Management Capability of Local Institutions and of the DENR Local and Central Level ...... 31 3.4.5 Provide PA Infrastructure and Equipment ...... 32 3.4.5.1 Buildings ...... 32 3.4.5.2 Transport ...... 35 3.4.5.3 Radio Equipment ...... 35 3.4.5.4 Other Equipment ...... 36 3.4.6 Assist and Train PAMBs in Establishing the Systems for Running the IPAF and for Collecting Fees ...... 39 3.4.7 Design and Organize M&E Systems at PMO and PAO Level ...... 39 3.4.7.1 Monitoring – Accounting ...... 39 3.4.7.2 Monitoring – Status Report ...... 39 3.4.7.3 Monitoring - BMS ...... 39 3.4.7.4 Evaluation – Financial ...... 40 3.4.7.5 Evaluation – Management and Policy ...... 40 3.4.8 Establish Integrated Data Base (IDB) at the PMO and PAO ...... 41 3.4.8.1 A Structured Digital Data-Base ...... 41 3.4.8.2 Repair and Maintenance ...... 41 3.4.8.3 GMPs ...... 41 3.4.8.4 Database Availability on Public Compact Discs ...... 41 3.4.8.5 Consolidation of Outputs ...... 42 3.4.8.6 The Future: PAWB/ARCBC ...... 42 3.4.8.7 World Wide Web Site ...... 42 3.4.8.8 An IDB for Each of the Eight Sites ...... 42 3.4.9 Establish IDB at the PMO and PAO - Library ...... 49 3.4.9.1 Library Outputs ...... 49 3.4.10 Establish a Geographic Information System (GIS) ...... 51 3.4.11 Assist DENR/PAWB with Policy Review and Formulation ...... 53 3.4.11.1 DAO 98-60 – PAWB Command ...... 53 3.4.11.2 IPAS Technical Co-ordinating Committee ...... 53 3.4.11.3 DAO 45 Series 2000 – PASu Establishment ...... 53 3.4.11.4 DAO 2001-01 – 3D Modeling ...... 53 3.4.11.5 IPAF ...... 53 3.5 Output Three: Increased Public Awareness for the Need to Protect Ecosystems and Biodiversity and Increased Involvement of Resident Communities in Natural Resource Protection and Sustainable Management ...... 54 3.5.1 Design and Implement IEC Programmes ...... 54 3.5.1.1 The Global Work Plan ...... 54 3.5.1.2 Failure ...... 54 3.5.1.3 Training and Workshops ...... 54 3.5.1.4 Publications...... 54 3.5.2 Provide Alternative Livelihood Activities to Selected Communities Around Protected Areas and Initiate Sustainable Livelihood Projects In Accordance with the Intentions of the NIPAS Act ...... 58 3.5.2.1 History, 1995-1999 ...... 58 3.5.2.2 History, Post 1999 ...... 58 3.5.2.3 Summary of Livelihood Activities ...... 59 3.5.2.4 Pre-Completion Assessment of the Livelihood Project ...... 59 3.5.2.5 The Relevance of the Livelihood Projects ...... 59 3.5.3 Enhance Participation of Indigenous Peoples in Conservation Activities ...... 60 3.5.3.1 The Socio Economic Surveys ...... 60 3.5.3.2 PAMB Membership ...... 61

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3.5.3.3 Coron Island ...... 62 3.5.4 Initiate Pilot Community-based Forestry Activities (on Sibuyan Island) ...... 62 3.5.5 Establish Linkages and Maintain Co-ordination with NGOs, POs, LGUs, and Other Stakeholders ...... 63 3.5.5.1 How it was done ...... 63 3.5.5.2 Indicators – PAMB Membership ...... 63 3.5.5.3 Indicators – NGO and Aid Agency Partnerships ...... 66 3.5.5.4 Indicators – Phase In / Phase Out ...... 66

4 SUSTAINABILITY PROCESSES ...... 67 4.1 The Integrated Protected Area Funds (IPAF) ...... 67 4.2 The Protected Areas Management Boards (PAMB) ...... 68 4.3 The PAO/PASu in the DENR Organization ...... 69 4.4 Transfer of Skills to the Executing Agency and other Parties Concerned ...... 69 4.4.1 Summary of Workshops and Training for the Year 2000 ...... 69 4.4.2 Installation of the Biodiversity Monitoring System ...... 70 4.4.3 Training on P 3-Dimensional Modeling ...... 71 4.4.4 IPAF Training Programme ...... 71 4.5 The Integration of Qualified Staff into Post-NIPAP ...... 73 4.6 Financial Sustainability ...... 74 4.6.1 The Budgeting Instrument ...... 74 4.6.2 The Willingness to Pay Surveys ...... 74 4.6.3 Funding trough International Aid ...... 75 4.6.4 Funding through Structured Fund Raising ...... 76 4.6.4.1 Training in professional fund raising ...... 76 4.6.4.2 Non-conventional fund raising activities – pay-phone cards ...... 77 4.7 Manuals and Other Key Documents ...... 77 4.8 Phase-In/Phase-Out Workshops ...... 77 4.9 Hand-Over Activities ...... 79 4.9.1 The Information Communication Technology Center ...... 79 4.9.2 Protected Area Planning Outputs ...... 81 4.9.3 Building Infrastructure ...... 81 4.9.4 Assets ...... 81

5 FINANCIAL REPORT ...... 82

TABLES Table 1 Indicator Species by Site ...... 17 Table 2 GMP Production ...... 18 Table 3 Ecological Studies – Coron Island ...... 19 Table 4 Ecological Studies – El Nido ...... 19 Table 5 Ecological Studies – Malampaya Sound ...... 19 Table 6 Ecological Studies – Mt. Guiting-Guiting ...... 19 Table 7 Ecological Studies – Mt. Isarog...... 20

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Table 8 Ecological Studies – Mts. Iglit and Baco ...... 20 Table 9 Ecological Studies – Mt. Malindang ...... 20 Table 10 Ecological Studies – Mt. Pulag ...... 20 Table 11 Socio-Economic Surveys – Coron Island ...... 21 Table 12 Socio-Economic Surveys – El Nido ...... 21 Table 13 Socio-Economic Surveys – Malampaya Sound ...... 21 Table 14 Socio-Economic Surveys – Mt. Guiting-Guiting ...... 21 Table 15 Socio-Economic Surveys – Mt. Isarog ...... 22 Table 16 Socio-Economic Surveys – Mts. Iglit and Baco ...... 22 Table 17 Socio-Economic Surveys – Mt. Malindang ...... 22 Table 18 Socio-Economic Surveys – Mt. Pulag ...... 22 Table 19 Progress of the 13 Legal Steps...... 24 Table 20 13 Legal Steps Related to Parallel Activities ...... 25 Table 21 GMP Preparation ...... 26 Table 22 NIPAP Philippines Staff – Sources and Functions, 1st March 2001 ...... 27 Table 23 NIPAP Philippines Staff – Sex Ratios, 1st March ...... 27 Table 24 Training Manuals and Associated Documents ...... 28 Table 25 Grand Summary of Site Based Workshops ...... 29 Table 26 NIPAP Provision of Training Aids ...... 30 Table 27 PAMB Indicators – PAMB Establishment ...... 31 Table 28 Construction – Coron Island ...... 32 Table 29 Construction – El Nido ...... 32 Table 30 Construction – Malampaya Sound ...... 33 Table 31 Construction – Mt. Guiting-Guiting ...... 33 Table 32 Construction – Mts. Iglit & Baco ...... 34 Table 33 Construction – Mt. Isarog ...... 34 Table 34 Construction – Mt. Malindang ...... 34 Table 35 Construction – Mt. Pulag ...... 35 Table 36 Transport Infrastructure Supplied ...... 35 Table 37 Radio Equipment Supplied ...... 35 Table 38 Other Equipment Supplied – as Consolidated Inventory ...... 36 Table 39 IPAF for Collection of Fees ...... 39 Table 40 Progress of the BMS, Biodiversity Monitoring System ...... 40 Table 41 Evaluations Published in Suhay ...... 41 Table 42 IDB Work by March 2001: ...... 42 Table 43 Coron Island Data Base ...... 42 Table 44 El Nido Data Base ...... 43 Table 45 Malampaya Sound Data Base ...... 44 Table 46 Mt. Guiting-Guiting Data Base ...... 45 Table 47 Mts. Iglit and Baco Data Base...... 46 Table 48 Mt. Isarog Data Base ...... 47 Table 49 Mt. Malindang Data Base ...... 47 Table 50 Mt. Pulag Data Base ...... 48 Table 51 Progress of Library Works by March 2001: ...... 49

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Table 52 Library Outputs Related to the Eight Sites ...... 50 Table 53 Progress of GIS Mapping Works by March 2001 ...... 52 Table 54 Progress of Additional GIS Work for Year 2000 by Site ...... 53 Table 55 Bibliography of Published Documents ...... 55 Table 56 Micro-Projects Summary of Activities ...... 59 Table 57 Micro Projects Budget ...... 59 Table 58 Knowledge of Indigenous People ...... 60 Table 59 Summary of IP PAMB Membership ...... 62 Table 60 Summary of NGO and LGU PAMB Membership by Name ...... 63 Table 61 Summary of Partner Organizations Collaborating with the PAOs ...... 66 Table 62 Formal Training organized jointly by NIPAP, PAWB and other agencies ...... 69 Table 63 All sites - Details of Training delivered for installing the BMS System ...... 70 Table 64 All sites - Relief models produced in 1999-2000 ...... 71 Table 65 Details of Training (Phase 1) delivered for installing the IPAF System ...... 72 Table 66 IPAF Training (Phase 2 - Roundtable discussions on the implementation and management of the IPAF Sub-account) ...... 72 Table 67 All sites - Complementary (Post-NIPAP) Funding ...... 75 Table 68 Phase-In/Phase-out Workshops monitoring sheet ...... 78 Table 69 All sites - Phase-In Statements (Areas of Commitment and Statements of Intent) ...... 78 Table 70 All sites - System / Activity / Asset specific workshops ...... 79 Table 71 PMU- ITCT’s Systems and Assets...... 80

APPENDICES Appendix 1 Map of the Philippines Showing the Eight NIPAP Sites ...... 83 Appendix 2 The Eight NIPAP Sites ...... 84 Appendix 3 Classification of GMP Appendices – NIPAP Method ...... 90 Appendix 4 Indicator Species by Site ...... 92 Appendix 5 Training and Workshops – Details ...... 100 Appendix 6 Summary Status of the Livelihood Pilot Projects at the End of 1999 ...... 113 Appendix 7 Summary of the Assessment of the Livelihood Project in Mt. Isarog ...... 114

APPENDIX TABLES Appendix Table 1 NIPAP GMP Appendices Classification ...... 91 Appendix Table 2 Summary of Training & Workshops, 1998 – PAN Project ...... 100 Appendix Table 3 Training & Workshops, 1998 – Coron Island ...... 100 Appendix Table 4 Training & Workshops, 1998 – El Nido ...... 100 Appendix Table 5 Training & Workshops, 1998 – Malampaya Sound ...... 100 Appendix Table 6 Training & Workshops, 1998 – Mt. Guiting-Guiting ...... 101 Appendix Table 7 Training & Workshops, 1998 – Mts. Iglit and Baco ...... 101 Appendix Table 8 Training & Workshops, 1998 – Mt. Isarog ...... 101 Appendix Table 9 Training & Workshops, 1998 – Mt. Malindang ...... 101 Appendix Table 10 Training & Workshops, 1998 – Mt. Pulag ...... 101

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Appendix Table 11 Training, 1999 - PAN Project ...... 102 Appendix Table 12 Training, 1999 - Coron Island ...... 102 Appendix Table 13 Training, 1999 - El Nido ...... 102 Appendix Table 14 Training, 1999 - Malampaya Sound ...... 102 Appendix Table 15 Training, 1999 - Mt. Guiting-Guiting ...... 102 Appendix Table 16 Training, 1999 - Mounts Iglit And Baco ...... 103 Appendix Table 17 Summary of Training, 1999 - Mt. Isarog ...... 103 Appendix Table 18 TRAINING, 1999 - Mt. Malindang National ...... 103 Appendix Table 19 Training, 1999 - Mt. Pulag National ...... 104 Appendix Table 20 Workshops, 1999 – PAN Project ...... 104 Appendix Table 21 Workshops, 1999 – Coron Island ...... 105 Appendix Table 22 Workshops, 1999 – El Nido ...... 105 Appendix Table 23 Workshops, 1999 – Malampaya Sound ...... 105 Appendix Table 24 Workshops, 1999 – Mt. Guiting-Guiting ...... 105 Appendix Table 25 Summary of Workshops, 1999 – Mounts Iglit-Baco ...... 105 Appendix Table 26 Workshops, 1999 – Mt. Isarog ...... 106 Appendix Table 27 Workshops, 1999 - Mt. Pulag ...... 106 Appendix Table 28 Workshops, 1999 - Mt. Malindang ...... 107 Appendix Table 29 Training, 2000 - PAN Project ...... 107 Appendix Table 30 Training, 2000 - Coron Island ...... 108 Appendix Table 31 Training, 2000 – El Nido ...... 108 Appendix Table 32 Training, 2000 – malampaya Sound ...... 108 Appendix Table 33 Training, 2000 – Mt. Guiting-Guiting ...... 108 Appendix Table 34 Training, 2000 – Mts. Iglit - Baco ...... 108 Appendix Table 35 Training, 2000 – Mt. Isarog ...... 109 Appendix Table 36 Training, 2000 – Mt. Malindang ...... 109 Appendix Table 37 Training, 2000 – Mt. Pulag ...... 109 Appendix Table 38 Workshops, 2000 – PAN Project ...... 109 Appendix Table 39 Workshops, 2000 – Coron Island ...... 110 Appendix Table 40 Workshops, 2000 – El Nido ...... 110 Appendix Table 41 Workshops, 2000 – Malampaya Sound ...... 110 Appendix Table 42 Workshops, 2000 – Mt. Guiting-Guiting ...... 110 Appendix Table 43 Workshops, 2000 – Mts Iglit-Baco ...... 110 Appendix Table 44 Workshops, 2000 – Mt. Isarog ...... 110 Appendix Table 45 Workshops, 2000 – Mt. Malindang National ...... 111 Appendix Table 46 Workshops, 2000 – Mt. Pulag ...... 111 Appendix Table 47 Training, 2001 – Coron Island ...... 111 Appendix Table 48 Training, 2001 – El Nido ...... 111 Appendix Table 49 Training, 2001 – Malampaya Sound ...... 111 Appendix Table 50 Training, 2001 – Mt. Guiting-Guiting ...... 111 Appendix Table 51 Training, 2001 – Mt. Iglit-Baco ...... 111 Appendix Table 52 Training, 2001 – Mt. Isarog ...... 111 Appendix Table 53 Training, 2001 – Mt. Malindang ...... 111 Appendix Table 54 Training, 2001 – Mt. Pulag ...... 111

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Appendix Table 55 Workshop, 2001 – Coron Island ...... 111 Appendix Table 56 Workshop, 2001 – Mt. Guiting-Guiting ...... 112 Appendix Table 57 Workshop, 2001 – Mt. Iglit-Baco ...... 112 Appendix Table 58 Workshop, 2001 – Mt. Pulag ...... 112 Appendix Table 59 Summary Status of the Livelihood Pilot Projects at the end of 1999 ...... 113

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 LAYOUT OF THE REPORT First, the report briefly gives a background to the project including a guide to key the documents that are also included on a Compact Disc, attached. This is followed by the main part of the report being an Assessment of Outputs based on the Logical Framework. Much of the information is tabular and based on monitoring processes. However, the tables have been kept to the minimum with additional information included in the appendices that have their own tables (see index). The table of contents gives a good guide to the log-frame process. Then comes an elaboration of the Sustainability Process because this was not, with the benefit of hindsight, sufficiently covered in the log-frame. Lastly, the Financial Report, followed by the appendices. Before we start, however…………………………..

1.2 CONCLUSIONS While it is not easy for the Directorate to objectively conclude on the success or otherwise of a project, a number of factors have become so obvious over the years, especially since the project gathered momentum in 1999, that they need to be stated as indicators for the Way Forward. Thus: a. While the project successfully institutionalized the protected areas in terms of the Philippines Constitution of 1987, provided viable participatory management structures and tools, and satisfied, to some extent, the Convention on Biological Diversity1, there has been a failure to fully engage all the stakeholders, including, importantly the most marginalized poor people and the most highly placed national policy makers. The cause of this failure is twofold: first, the project did not get to grips early enough with its IEC activities (see especially subsection 3.5.1, below) and second, just plain lack of time – five years is not long enough even if everything goes well. b. The Protected Area Planning processes have been the most innovative of the project’s activities, testing the NIPAS Act (and all the ramifications arising from it), especially in terms of stakeholder participation. In this respect the NIPAS legislation has proved to be appropriate and workable. c. The MIS outputs are the project’s single most successful activity. (See especially subsection 3.4.8, below). d. The need to deal with poverty amongst local stakeholders is essential but small-scale livelihood projects are not the answer and indeed can exacerbate the problem. e. In the end, the source of the project’s successes was threefold: sound management and administration; the ability, after much debate with the EU delegation, to be able to pay sufficiently high salaries in order to recruit a few excellent local staff; and the fact of the two co-directors being able to work well together as a team. f. The source of the failures was lack of time. Although adverse criticisms might be made about the project design, the FM and early management dysfunctions, all these problems were ultimately overcome.

1 Although, in this respect the directors do not feel that NIPAP on its own is enough for the purpose.

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - NIPAP Final 9 Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 g. There is a need for the European Commission, as the funding agency, to develop mechanisms to ensure that the best possible TA team is put into the field. In the Philippines, where there is a large pool of technical expertise, international standard project management is what the EU should provide above all else. h. The DENR, as an institution, is capable of developing and managing protected areas but is handicapped by limited funding and cannot be expected to take over foreign assisted projects that have extended the DENR work-load, unless other fund sources are encouraged to complement and sustain project operations. i. There needs to be many more years of research into the ecological dynamics of the NIPAP sites. j. Landrovers are entirely inappropriate as they cannot easily be maintained locally in the Philippines and because spare parts are expensive. After-service care is very poor. k. Both review missions were inadequate, each having a poor team spirit and insufficient time to get to grips with the complexities of NIPAP. The pre-completion mission team, in particular, appeared to be imbibed with a strange philosophy that pre-disposed it against the value of conservation efforts in the Philippines.

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2 BACKGROUND

2.1 CONTEXT The National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act is the context within which NIPAP operates. Thus the project is one of the many manifestations of the Philippines ratification of the Convention on Biological Diversity of 1992.

2.2 HISTORY

2.2.1 Objective The objective of NIPAP, according to the Financing Memorandum, is to help protect, conserve and manage tropical forest biodiversity areas with endangered endemic species, in some 8 Protected Areas at various sites throughout the Philippines. The eight sites are shown on a map of the Philippines as Appendix 1 on page 83. A brief description of each site is included in Appendix 2 on page 84.

2.2.2 Constitutional Status Following the signing of the Financing Memorandum on 30th May and the Technical Assistance contract on 27th September 1995, the implementation of a five year project started on the 6th October 1995 and was fully operational by January 1996. The Global Work Plan was approved by the NIPAS Policy and Program Steering Committee (NPPSC), as the NIPAP Executive Steering Committee1, in November 1996. In June 1999, The Secretary for the Department of Foreign Affairs requested the EC for an extension of the validity of the Financing Memorandum from January 2001 to September 27th 2001. This was granted towards the end of September so that the project extended to the 29th September with the TA contact ending on the 31st.

2.2.3 Global Work Plan The project objective was refined by the Global Work Plan, thus: ➢ Appropriately designed and legally established PAs within rationalised and delineated/ demarcated boundaries; ➢ Establishment of effective structures and mechanisms for protection, management & administration of PAs; and ➢ Increased public awareness for the need to protect ecosystems and biodiversity and increased involvement of resident communities in natural resource protection and sustainable management.

2.2.4 1998 Annual Workplan The 1998 Annual defined the take-off of the project, the inception period having lasted about 15 months. Thus: ➢ Establishing effective systems for protection and management of biodiversity and natural habitats with formally gazetted and demarcated boundaries in the eight PAs.

1 The ESC, as defined by the Financing Memorandum, is a reconstitution of the DENR NIPAS Policy & Programme Steering Committee (NPPSC) , amended on March 25, 1998 by DENR Special Order No. 98-273.

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➢ Prompting a Community Based Protected Area Management Strategy whereby active involvement of local communities in the protection and management of the PAs is induced through institutional strengthening and awareness raising amongst the various partners and supported by pilot community based livelihood projects in selected sites. ➢ Thus NIPAP entails the following components:  Preparation of PA General Management Plan;  Revision, delineation and demarcation of PA boundaries;  Monitoring and evaluation of PA management;  Addressing the rights of dependent communities;  Promotion of alternative livelihood activities;  Capacity building and institutional strengthening;  Information, Education and Communication (IEC) programme;  Policy reviews and recommendation.

2.2.5 The Mid-Term Review – June 1998 This concluded: ➢ NIPAP should renew its efforts in the capacity building at site level in 4 priority sites. Particularly aiming at developing those four sites fully as viable models. NIPAP should continue supporting the other 4 sites. ➢ DENR has to contribute its share by funding ways of deploying counterpart staff. ➢ NIPAP suffered from under-spending of funds with only 16.3% of its total operational budget of 9.0 million ECU spent until end of 1997. ➢ The number of staff working with dependent communities needs to be increased. ➢ The under-spending for training and institutional strengthening must be overcome. ➢ DENR itself should launch a training and capacity-building programme. ➢ IEC implementation needs to be speeded up by PMU, taking into account livelihood concerns as much as possible. ➢ Innovative means of financing of NIPAP sites should be found.

2.2.6 1999 Annual Work Plan A new European Co-Director was appointed in November 1998 and the recommendation to reduce the number of sites was not fully accepted. Moreover, the 1999 AWP involved a fairly draconian re-organization of NIPAP being fundamentally based upon a Directorate Question and Answer as follows: ➢ Question: Given the limitation on time, what would we like to leave behind as tested and sustainable outputs able to carry NIPAS, and especially the intentions of the Act, forward into the next century? ➢ Answer: The establishment of eight Protected Areas, including the production of General Management Plans, according to the intentions of the NIPAS Act, and in a way that has the broad and sustainable support of the entire community and which can be replicated elsewhere.

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2.2.7 Site Prioritization in 1999 (Malampaya Sound and Mts. Iglit & Baco) Although the project did not drop four sites as recommended by the mid-term review mission, the directorate did decide to give low priority to Malampaya Sound and Mts. Iglit & Baco. However, this proved impracticable for three reasons: ➢ As DENR/PAWB pointed out, the contract between the GoP and the EU covered eight sites. ➢ Malampaya Sound was given low priority because of perceived intractable opposition by the Municipality of Taytay in which the Sound lies. However, the ESSC sponsored Philippine Working Group stressed the need for enhanced protection of endangered species found in the Sound, while the mayor of Taytay made a personal request to the directorate to reconsider once it was clear that NIPAP was planning to withdraw. Subsequently, ESSC was contracted to conduct a pre-feasibility study and later to prepare the draft GMP (and thus to drive the variety of activities arising therefrom). ➢ The complex socio-economic, cultural and political issues in the area of Mts. Iglit and Baco National Park (proclaimed in 1970) and the very slow progress made up to the end of 1998 resulted in the directorate concluding that so much more time was required to achieve PA status under the NIPAS Act, that very little could be done during the life of NIPAP. However, the enthusiasm of DENR staff and a number of mayors encouraged the directorate to make a greater effort. Nonetheless, the complexity remained and we never recovered the ground we had lost. This situation was exacerbated by the PASu leading the PAMB and everyone else down a cul-de-sac for most of 2000 in terms of extending the PA to include all the other PAs in Mindoro. The history of this debacle is set out in appendices of the Annual Report for 2000. The PASu has since been replaced.

2.2.8 Special Consideration of Coron Island The Island is home to the Tagbanua people who were awarded a certificate of ancestral domain claim in 1998 (R04-CADC-134), comprising an area of 22,284 hectares including a marine component and two islands, namely Kalis and Delian. With the assistance of an NGO (PAFID), the Tagbanua Foundation of Coron Island (TFCI) has produced its own Ancestral Domain Management Plan (ADMP). It is NIPAP’s policy to facilitate implementation with the framework of the NIPAS law but with due regard to all the rights and responsibilities of the Indigenous Peoples under the new legislation, Republic Act No. 8371, otherwise known as, the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA). In the framework of the NIPAS law, NIPAP’s policy for Coron has been to take into account the wishes of the Tagbanua community to manage both Coron and Delian Islands as Ancestral Domain through the implementation of an ADMP. Because of the unique constitutional and sensitive cultural issues arising out of the establishment of Coron Island as a Protected Area, the challenge is to harmonize the provisions of the NIPAS Act and the IPRA on the field level with emphasis still, on biodiversity protection but with due regard to the rights of the Indigenous Peoples. For this reason NIPAP has, since early 1999, encouraged the protection of Coron island upon the basis of IPRA and the Tagbanua’s own management plan. Moreover, there has been a policy of limiting visits by European staff.

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2.2.9 2000 Annual Work Plan Towards the end of 1999 a new full-time Philippines Co-Director was appointed and by the time that the 2000 AWP was written to take the project up to its conclusion at the end of September, the project was focused on the achievement of six priority activities: ➢ As defined by the NIPAS Act, no less than Presidential Proclamation for all the eight sites and Congressional Action and Demarcation for the two sites which have already achieved Presidential Proclamation; ➢ Comprehensive General Management Plans as management tools for each of the eight sites. Also, the distillation of the plans into popular editions. ➢ Data Bases for each of the eight sites containing all of the primary and secondary data collected and processed by the project. ➢ The institutional strengthening of the PAMBs and all the ramifications arising therefrom, including a fairly effective PAO, secure within the DENR structure and an operating Integrated Protected Area Fund; ➢ The completion of the capital infrastructure programmes; ➢ A seamless phasing-in of current EU supported NIPAP Activities to post-EU/NIPAP Activities. Moreover, the plan also stressed that NIPAP would enable the eight PAOs to become increasingly independent but concentrating, during the year 2000, upon: ➢ Achieving the NIPAS legal steps leading to Presidential Proclamation; ➢ Strengthening the PAMB and ensuring that it is representative especially in terms of IP groups; ➢ Limiting IEC activities to what is required for the above; and ➢ In helping the participatory processes of the production of the GMP. So that, throughout 2000 these activities will be integrated into the PENRO/CENRO structures as appropriate.

2.2.10 Six Month Extension to March 2001 The plan for the extension is contained in a supplement to the 2000 Annual Workplan that states: thus, essentially the extension enables the AWP 2000 first to continue logically along its course of achieving the 13 Legal Steps of the NIPAP Act for each of the eight sites, and second, to continue providing the tools and the help to PA stakeholders that are required to realize the intentions of the NIPAS Act. Paramount here is the achievement of Step 12, Congressional Action for five sites and more progress in terms of Mts. Iglit-Baco/Mindoro and Coron Island. Also, the extension will enable us to complete a PAO building for Malampaya Sound, that we would otherwise have had to count as a failure, and to focus on producing proposals acceptable to the EU for future projects that will build on NIPAP’s successes.

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2.3 BACKGROUND DOCUMENTS For a comprehensive understanding of the NIPAP project, a knowledge of the following twenty documents is required. These are all contained on the accompanying CD, which also includes the report itself. Thus: a. NIPAP & the Convention on Biological Diversity of 1992 (an explanation by the NIPAP Directorate and attached here as) b. The NIPAS Act of 1992 c. Financing Memorandum between the Commission of the European Communities and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines, May 1995 d. NIPAP design Options, July 1996 – PMU e. Global Work Plan – 1996 f. Commission of the European Union, Directorate General 1B, External Relations – NIPAP – Mid Term Review (May-June 1998) – Final Report g. Livelihood, Resource Use and Community Development Component h. Guidelines for Monitoring and Evaluating the Livelihood, Resource Use and Community Development Component and for Compiling a Micro-Project Proposal. i. NIPAP – 1999 Annual Work Plan j. NIPAP – 1999 Annual Report k. NIPAP – 1999 Annual Report to the Public l. NIPAP – 2000 Annual Work Plan m. NIPAP – Technical Report, January 1st to September 2000 n. Rider No. 2 to the Financing Memorandum between the Commission of the European Union and the Republic of the Philippines – made in 2000 o. NIPAP – Supplement to the 2000 Annual Work Plan for the Six Month No-Cost Extension p. NIPAP – Annual Report for 2000 q. Eight NIPAP Sites: Land Cover Maps based on Participatory 3D Mapping r. Assessment of the Micro-projects in the Mt. Isarog National Park Project Area, Eusabio Panganiban, February 2001 s. Proposal for a Community Based Conservation Program for Integrated protected Areas, March 2001 t. Copy of Draft Aide Memoir of EU Pre-Completion Mission, March 2001 u. Analyses by Case Studies v. Status of Phase-In Operations as at 15th March 2001 w. Summary of Workshops 1998 to 2001 x. Summary of Training 1998 to 2001

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3 ASSESSMENT BASED ON THE LOGICAL FRAMEWORK

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.1.1 The Logical Framework Although the Logical Frame Work was updated in 1998 it remained a flawed document for three reasons: a. It failed to resolve the confusion about the project that had existed in the minds of the DENR and the Project Management since the beginning, which was whether the NIPAP was a project for Establishing PAs or for Establishing and Managing PAs. Clearly it was and is the former being both the realistic and the correct interpretation of the Financing Memorandum. Nonetheless, until mid-1999 many stakeholders considered NIPAP was responsible for managing the eight sites so that even the DENR Secretary himself would telephone the Directorate complaining of illegal logging or of some other infringement of DENR legislation on NIPAP sites. b. Quite correctly, there never was a transfer of responsibility from the DENR (RED, through PENRO to CENRO and PASu) to NIPAP. c. As is usual with a Logical Frame-work process, while it provides a very useful guide to what needs to be done and what can realistically be done (if the log-frame is build properly) is not a good guide to management organization. Where inexperienced management uses it as such a guide it merely become a straight jacket that hobbles good organization from the beginning. This was the unfortunate history of NIPAP for the first two years of its life. It has be obvious for some years that the EU needs to review its log-frame process in order to make it more management friendly. Projects fail most often because of poor management. d. The Objectively Verifiable Indicators are in many cases not realistic in terms of a short term project: they refer, for instance, to long term ecological monitoring.

3.1.2 Status Report & Analysis The Status of Phase-in Operations (details on the CD) is the prime output of the NIPAP monitoring process. It covers the following: a. Status of the IPAF, b. Status of PAMB, c. Post/EU NIPAP Funding, d. Post/EU NIPAP Budget, e. DENR Administrative Structures, f. Site Specific Phase-In Workshops, g. Activity/System Specific Phase-In/Phase-Out Workshops and Handing Over Procedures, h. Training, i. Manuals and Other Key Documents, j. Thirteen NIPAS Steps, k. Congressional Action, l. General Management Plan Preparation and Endorsement by PAMB, m. GMP Manuscript Preparation, n. PAO Infrastructure (Buildings) and

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - NIPAP Final 16 Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 o. Other Sustainability Indicators, The Status Report, prepared on a monthly basis and within seven days of the end of each month, is used to enable rapid reaction management of NIPAP. Also, in many instances the data is analysed to guide policy development.

3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: ESTABLISH EFFECTIVE PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL HABITATS AND BIODIVERSITY IN 8 NIPAS SITES While this is a realistic objective, the logical framework set out four verifiable indicators, three of which were unrealistic given the nature, time-frame and resources available to the project. Thus:

3.2.1 Variations in the Population Density of Indicator Species This reflects a post-establishment activity that will arise from the BMS set up on seven sites1 (see subsections 3.4.7.2 and 4.4.2below). Nonetheless, initial research defined indicator species as follows: TABLE 1 INDICATOR SPECIES BY SITE SITE SPECIES Coron Island None. The Tagbanua owners of the island have their own processes of monitoring. See subsection 2.2.8, above. El Nido See page 83, Appendix 4, below. Malampaya Sound See, page 83, Appendix 4, below. Mt. Guiting-Guiting See, page 83, Appendix 4, below. Mts. Iglit & Baco See, page 83, Appendix 4, below. Mt. Isarog See, page 83, Appendix 4, below. Mt. Malindang See, page 83, Appendix 4, below. Mt. Pulag See, page 83, Appendix 4, below.

3.2.2 Presence or Absence of Indicator Species As above.

3.2.3 Changes in Land Use and Vegetation Cover This reflects a post-establishment activity that will arise from the BMS (see subsection 3.4.7.2 below). Nonetheless, a prime NIPAP activity, as part of Step 1 of implementing the NIPAS Act (Compilation of Maps and Technical Descriptions of Protected Areas) has been the development of Land Cover maps for each site. The data for these maps has come from

1 A BMS cannot be installed on Coron Island for a number of reasons including the fact that there is no PAMB to approve the activity. Moreover, it must be appreciated that the indigenous people of a number of NIPAP sites, including Corn Island, are very suspicious, and with good reason, of outsiders undertaking biodiversity surveys.

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - NIPAP Final 17 Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 three sources: JAFTA processing of remote sensing by Landsat TM; NAMRIA processing of remote sensing by SPOT; and our own 3D participatory mapping data. The latter has proved to be the most representative. See Training on P 3-Dimensional Modeling, 4.4.3, below. Also, land-use and vegetation cover has been recorded and will be monitored as part of the BMS by Photographic Representation. See 3.4.8 and 3.4.10 below

3.2.4 Presence and Implementation of General Management Plans (GMP) This might better have been Participatory Planning and Presence of GMPs. In the first place, a GMP has to be produced following certain minimum research, the pulling together of existing relevant data and, of paramount importance, participatory planning processes best facilitated by a capacitated PAMB. A first output arising from these activities would be ready for testing by efficiently functioning PAOs and PAMBs in year four or five of a well managed PA establishment project. The review of the project by the directors did indeed confirm the importance of GMPs (see sub-section 2.2.6 above) and by March 2001 the following had been achieved (see also the Status Report as at 15th March 2001): TABLE 2 GMP1 PRODUCTION SITE Descriptive Analytical Prescriptive Budget Appendices2 PAMB Section Section Section Section Endorsement Coron Island 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 0%3 El Nido 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100% Malampaya Sound 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100% Mt. Guiting-Guiting 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100% Mts. Iglit & Baco4 0% 0% 0% 100 % 100 % 0% Mt. Isarog 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100% Mt. Malindang 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100% Mt. Pulag 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 0%5

1 The GMPs are Draft Documents, as explained in the front-piece, the GMPs represent the professional opinion of the Directorate as advised by: the NIPAP technical staff and consultants. The Directorate is confident that the plan represents the best current management option given the present level of technical knowledge, the NIPAS inspired participation processes that have taken place and, not least, the urgent need to have a management policy now, for conserving the valuable ecological resources of ……… Nonetheless, the Directorate also stresses that the plan is not the last word but merely a Way Forward. In many cases boundaries and zoning are not fixed and will be subject to review as more research is undertaken and PAMBs become better and more knowledgeable managers. 2 Appendices are a vital part of a GMP. They contain all available back-up information. Appendices make the GMP a comprehensive management tool. NIPAP has developed a method of classification that is described in Appendix 3 on page 90. However, the Appendices include the results of research and are therefore incomplete. The gaps will indicate the research required for the future. 3 Coron Island has no PAMB with which to endorse the GMP, see 2.2.8, above. 4 A great deal more work requires to be done, partly because the site was given a low priority by the project following the 1998 Mid-Term Review Report. See sub-section 2.2.7 above. 5 Although everything is ready for consideration, approval has not been possible because the PAMB meetings set up for the purpose have not reached a quorum. The last failed meeting was on the 3rd February, although a useful discussion was had with the six members who attended plus the four observers.

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3.3 OUTPUT ONE: APPROPRIATELY DESIGNED AND LEGALLY ESTABLISHED PAS WITHIN RATIONALIZED AND DELINEATED BOUNDARIES

3.3.1 Conduct Ecological Studies The following Ecological Studies were either undertaken by NIPAP, Commissioned by NIPAP or included in the GMP Appendices as Secondary Data with the permission of the owners:

TABLE 3 ECOLOGICAL STUDIES – CORON ISLAND TITLE AUTHOR DATE STATUS LOCATION Resource Basic Inventory (RBI) DENR 2000 Completed GMP Appendices, IDB for Coron Island and Library

TABLE 4 ECOLOGICAL STUDIES – EL NIDO TITLE AUTHOR DATE STATUS LOCATION Coral Coverage Assessment of Orr, Michael 1994 Completed GMP Appendices and Bacuit Bay Library Vegetation of El Nido Madulid, 1996 Completed GMP Appendices, IDB Domingo and Library Assessment and Zonation of Fortes, M.D. and 1998 Completed GMP Appendices, IDB Coastal Habitats at Bacuit Bay, et. al. and Library Northern Palawan Mangrove Assessment Bravo, D. and P. 1999 Completed GMP Appendices, IDB Balagas and Library Seagrass Assessment Bagtas, V., 1999 Completed GMP Appendices, IDB Guillermo, N.D. and Library and JB San Luis Coral Reef Assessment Roco, JM and JB 1999 Completed GMP Appendices, IDB San Luis and Library Coral Reef Fish Assessment Alba, S.A. 1999 Completed GMP Appendices, IDB and Library

TABLE 5 ECOLOGICAL STUDIES – MALAMPAYA SOUND TITLE AUTHOR DATE STATUS LOCATION Resource Basic Inventory (RBI) DENR 2000 Completed GMP Appendices and for Malampaya Sound Library

TABLE 6 ECOLOGICAL STUDIES – MT. GUITING-GUITING TITLE – Mt. Guiting-Guiting AUTHOR DATE STATUS LOCATION The Birds of Sibuyan Island, Romblon Goodman, Steve 1995 Printed and GMP Appendices Province, Philippines with Particular and D. Gonzales distributed and Library Reference to Elevational Distribution and Biogeographic Affinities. Survey of the Terrestrial Vegetation in Domingo Madulid 1997 Completed GMP Sibuyan Island Appendices, IDB and Library

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TITLE – Mt. Guiting-Guiting AUTHOR DATE STATUS LOCATION Results and Analysis of a Forest Paul Matthews 1998 Completed GMP Resource Inventory and Timber Products Appendices, IDB Demand Survey Conducted In and and Library Around Mt. Guiting-Guiting Natural Park Plant Diversity Assessment and Analysis Domingo Madulid 1999 Completed GMP of Mt. Guiting-Guiting Natural Park Appendices, IDB and Library

TABLE 7 ECOLOGICAL STUDIES – MT. ISAROG TITLE AUTHOR DATE STATUS LOCATION Mammalian Diversity on Mt. Isarog: A Heaney, Lawrence 1988 Printed and GMP Appendices Threatened Center of Endemism on R., Danny S. distributed and Library Southern Luzon Island, Philippines Balete, et. al. The Birds of Mt. Isarog National Park, Goodman, Steve 1990 Printed and GMP Appendices Southern Luzon, Philippines and Pedro distributed and Library Gonzales Resource Basic Inventory (RBI) for Mt. DENR 1999 Completed GMP Isarog National Park Appendices, IDB and Library

TABLE 8 ECOLOGICAL STUDIES – MTS. IGLIT AND BACO TITLE AUTHOR DATE STATUS LOCATION Resource Basic Inventory (RBI) for Mts. DENR - On-going IDB and Library Iglit-Baco

TABLE 9 ECOLOGICAL STUDIES – MT. MALINDANG TITLE AUTHOR DATE STATUS LOCATION Ecological Profile of Misamis Occidental DENR Region X 1994 Completed GMP Appendices and Library Resource Basic Inventory of Mt. DENR 1994 Completed GMP Appendices Malindang and Library Baseline Biodiversity Inventory in Mt. CARE-AWESOME - On-going Malindang National Park

TABLE 10 ECOLOGICAL STUDIES – MT. PULAG TITLE AUTHOR DATE STATUS LOCATION Conservation of Biological A. Jensen, M. Poulsen, J. 1991 Completed GMP Appendices Diversity of Mt. Pulag National Accos, O. Jakobsen, C. and and Library Park Andersen and L. Viray distributed

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3.3.2 Conduct Socio-Economic Surveys The following Socio-Economic Surveys were either undertaken by NIPAP, Commissioned by NIPAP or included in the GMP Appendices as Secondary Data with the permission of the owners: TABLE 11 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEYS – CORON ISLAND TITLE AUTHOR DATE STATUS LOCATION Tagbanwa in Coron Island Coron, Institute of 1996 Completed IDB, Appendix to Palawan Philippine Culture and GMP Profiles of six Indigenous People, a (IPC) distributed Preliminary Field Assessment, TABLE 12 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEYS – EL NIDO TITLE AUTHOR DATE STATUS LOCATION Socio-economic and Cultural Rambaldi G.; Miclat A.; 1997 Completed Library, IDB, Profile of El Nido. Findings and Fernan M. L.; Mabazza A. and Appendix to GMP Recommendations for Protected (NIPAP) distributed Area Planning resulting from a Operio S. (IIRR); Ladra W. Rapid Rural Appraisal conducted F, (Tambuyog dev. within the communities of Center). Oczon G.R. Barangays Bucana and Manlag, (PRRM), De la Calzada R. 144 pages J. (El Nido Foundation) TABLE 13 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEYS – MALAMPAYA SOUND TITLE AUTHOR DATE STATUS LOCATION Recommendations for PA Planning as a NIPAP, IIRR and 1999 Second Advance copies result of the Socio-economic profiling of Tambuyog Dev. Draft. Given furnished to PAO, Malampaya Sound and the Conduct of a Center to ESSC for Appendix to GMP Rapid Rural Appraisal in Barangays incorporatio Liminangcong, San Jose and Abongan n into the (138 pages) GMP Baseline Survey in Malampaya Sound, Statistical February, Report with IDB, Appendix to Taytay, Palawan (March 1997) elaboration by 2000 Tables only GMP ASSIST TABLE 14 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEYS – MT. GUITING-GUITING TITLE AUTHOR DATE STATUS LOCATION Socio-economic and Cultural Rambaldi G.; Miclat A.; Fernan 1997 Completed Library and IDB, Profile of the Island of Sibuyan, M. L.; Mabazza A. Garaña J., and Appendix to GMP Romblon. Findings and Esther Velasco, Velarde A. distributed Recommendations for Protected (IIRR); Wilma F. Ladra, Area Planning resulting from a Fishery Specialist, TDC; Rapid Rural Appraisal Blastique T. (PAWB); Abueg conducted within the Torres M. J.; Sespeñe P., communities of Barangays MAO Magdiwang; Casilin C. A. Taclobo, Tampayan and MAO San Fernando; Ronion Lumbang Weste. 156 pages D. MAGCAISA Results of the Baseline Survey Rambaldi G.; Corpuz Selva E. 1999 Completed Library, IDB, conducted in 1997 among (NIPAP); and Appendix to GMP communities living within and Statistical elaboration by distributed around Mount Guiting-Guiting ASSIST. National Park, Romblon, Philippines, 78 pages.

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TABLE 15 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEYS – MT. ISAROG TITLE AUTHOR DATE STATUS LOCATION Recommendations for Protected Area Rambaldi G., 1998 Completed Library and IDB, Planning as a Result of the Socio- Garaña J., Arnuevo and Appendix to GMP economic Profiling of Mt Isarog and the M.T., Fernan M. L., Distributed Conduct of a Rapid Rural Appraisal in Meliza Joy Torres Barangays Villaflorida and Harubay, M.J. (NIPAP); Camarines Sur, Philippines, 158 pages. Narvadez S; Resurreccion N. (Haribon Foundation) Results of the Baseline Survey Salamanca A. 1997 Completed Library and IDB, conducted in February- March, 1997 HARIBON and Appendix to GMP among the communities living within and FOUNDATION, Inc. Distributed around Mount Isarog National Park, Rambaldi G. Camarines Sur, Philippines, 54 pages. (NIPAP) TABLE 16 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEYS – MTS. IGLIT AND BACO None TABLE 17 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEYS – MT. MALINDANG TITLE AUTHOR DATE STATUS LOCATION Findings and Recommendations for PA Garaña J., Arnuevo 1998 Final draft Library, IDB, Planning resulting from the Collection M.T., Fernan M. L., Appendix to GMP and Review of Primary and Secondary Meliza Joy Torres Information and the Conduct of Rapid M.J. (NIPAP) Rural Appraisals in Barangays Sicot, Narvadez S; Lalud and Stimson Abordo (111 pages) Resurreccion N. (Haribon Foundation) Results of the Baseline Survey NIPAP and Haribon 1999 Completed Library and IDB, conducted in November 1997 among the Foundation Inc. and Appendix to GMP communities living within Mount distributed Malindang National Park, Misamis Occidental, Philippines, 70 pages. TABLE 18 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEYS – MT. PULAG TITLE AUTHOR DATE STATUS LOCATION Recommendations for PA planning NIPAP (various 2000 Second Library, IDB, resulting from the Socio-economic contributions) Draft Appendix to GMP Profiling of the Area of Mount Pulag and the conduct of a Rapid Rural Appraisal in Barangays Tawangan and Bashoy, Kabayan, Benguet (1997/98) Establishment Of Kalanguya Community Lerma De Lima 1998 Completed Library and IDB Museum In Mt. Pulag National Park: Yambot & Israel and Appendix to GMP Results of a Preliminary Archaeological Cabanilla distributed Assessment In Barangay Tawangan, Kabayan, Benguet, Philippines. Baseline Survey in Mt. Pulag Natural Jaime V. Ongpin 1999 Completed Library and IDB, Park, Benguet, Ifugao and Nueva Foundation and and Appendix to GMP Vizcaya (April-May 1997) NIPAP distributed

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3.3.3 Review and Rationalize PA Boundaries This was undertaken as part of the 13 NIPAS Steps and as part of the participatory processes of producing the draft GMP. The following activities are relevant:

Mt. Guiting Mt.

Malampaya

Mts. &Iglit

Malindang

Mt. Mt. Isarog Mt. Pulag

Guiting

El Nido El

Sound

Coron

Island

Baco

Mt. Mt.

NIPAS Step 1 – Maps 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% & Tech Descriptions

NIPAS Step 2 – Initial 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Screening (PASA)

NIPAS Step 7 – 1 2 3 4 5 Delineation 0% 77% 38% 100% 0% 100% 100% 0%

Strategic Planning 6 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 7 Workshop (s) 0% 50%

Strat Framework Plan 8 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 9 approved by PAMB 0% 0%

NIPAS Step 8 – Public 10 Hearing 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Draft GMP approved by 11 100% 100% 100% 12 100% 100% 13 PAMB 0% 0% 0%

1 The boundary coincides with the CADC Boundary 2 Work ongoing 3 Terrestrial boundaries only. 4 Work delayed, see 2.2.7, above 5 PAMB unable to agree 6 See sub-section 2.2.8, above 7 Organized and initiated but not completed 8 See sub-section 2.2.8, above 9 See footnote 21, below 10 PAMB not convened 11 PAMB not convened 12 Delayed: see 2.2.7 above 13 Although everything is ready for consideration, approval has not been possible because the PAMB meetings set up for the purpose have not reached a quorum. The last failed meeting was on the 3rd February, although a useful discussion was had with the six members who attended plus the four observers.

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3.3.4 Delineate PA Boundaries See 3.3.3, above.

3.3.5 Conduct Activities Necessary to Fulfill the Thirteen Legal Requirements for Congressional Enactment of Protected Areas TABLE 19 PROGRESS OF THE 13 LEGAL STEPS NIPAS LEGAL Coron El Nido Malampay Mt. Mts. Iglit & Mt. Isarog Mt. Mt. Pulag STEPS Island a Sound Guiting- Baco Malindang Guiting 1 – Maps & Tech 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Descriptions 2 – Initial 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Screening (PASA) 3 – Public 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Notifications 4 – Initial 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Consultation 5 - Census & 1 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Registration 90% 6 – Resource 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 85% Profiling 7 – Initial PA Plan 90%2 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 7 – Delineation 0%3 77%4 38%5 100% 0%6 100% 100% 0%7 8 – Public Hearing 0%8 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 9 – Regional 0% 100% 100% 100% 9 100% 100% 10 Review & Recs 0% 0% 10 – National 0% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% Review & Recs 11 - Presidential Awaiting Awaiting 0% 100% 100% 100% 0% 0% Proclamation Signature Signature 12 – Congress In the In the In the In the In the 0% Lower Lower 0% Lower Lower 0% Action House House Senate House House 13 – Demarcation 0% 10%11 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

1 Not completed 2 Awaiting confirmation from PAWB 3 The PA boundary coincides with the CADC boundary 4 On-going. 5 Terrestrial only. 6 Delayed: see 2.2.7, above 7 PAMB unable to agree 8 See 2.2.8, above 9 Delayed: see 2.2.7, above 10 Delayed: see 2.2.7, above 11 Marin Boundary: placing of Buoys with the Philippines Coast Guard

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The ramifications of the 13 steps are what the project called the Parallel Activities. They relate to the 13 steps as follows and are covered elsewhere in the report as shown. Thus:

TABLE 20 13 LEGAL STEPS RELATED TO PARALLEL ACTIVITIES 13 LEGAL STEPS PARALLEL ACTIVITIES REPORT REFERENCE 1 Compilation of Maps & GIS Activities. 3.4.10, above. Technical Descriptions 2 Initial Screening 3 Public Notifications IEC Activities Commence. 3.5.1, below. 4 Initial Consultation 5 Census & Registration of PA Socio-Economic & Cultural 3.3.2, above. Occupants Surveys. 6 Resource Profiling Ecological Surveys. 3.3.1, above. 7 Initial Protected Area Plan, Formation of Interim PAMB. 3.4.4, 3.4.6, 3.5.3.2 and including delineation 3.5.5.2, below and 4.2 above. PAMB Orientation. 4.2 below. Strategic Planning Workshops. 3.3.3, above. GMP Framework/Interim GMPs. 3.2.4, above. Initial PA Staffing and Training. 3.4.3 below. Boundary Delineation. 3.3.3, above. Establishment of IPAF/Funding 4.1, below. Functions. 8 Public Hearings 9 Regional Review & Recommendations 10 National Review & Recommendations GMP and Manuals/Appendices 3.2.4, above. Complete.

11 Presidential Proclamation Draft of Presidential Table 19, above. Proclamation. PAO Construction complete. See 3.4.5.1, below. 12 Congressional Action 13 Demarcation

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3.4 OUTPUT TWO: ESTABLISHMENT OF EFFECTIVE STRUCTURE AND MECHANISMS FOR PROTECTION, MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTATION OF PROTECTED AREAS

3.4.1 Prepare General Management Plan GMPs have been prepared as already expressed in subsection 3.3.5, above. We repeat the table and notes here for convenience.

TABLE 21 GMP PREPARATION SITE Descriptive Analytical Prescriptive Budget Appendices1 PAMB Section Section Section Section Endorsement Coron Island 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 0%2 El Nido 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100% Malampaya Sound 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100% Mt. Guiting-Guiting 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100%

Mts. Iglit & Baco3 0% 0% 0% 100 % 100 % 0% Mt. Isarog 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100% Mt. Malindang 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100% Mt. Pulag 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 0%4

1 Appendices are a vital part of a GMP. They contain all available back-up information. Appendices that make the GMP a comprehensive management tool. NIPAP has developed a method of classification that is described in Appendix 3 on page 90. However, the Appendices include the results of research and are therefore incomplete. The gaps will indicate the research required for the future. 2 Coron Island has no PAMB with which to endorse the GMP, see 2.2.8, above. 3 A great deal more work requires to be done, partly because the site was given a low priority by the project following the 1998 Mid-Term Review Report. See sub-section 2.2.7 above. 4 Although everything is ready for consideration, approval has not been possible because the PAMB meetings set up for the purpose have not reached a quorum. The last failed meeting was on the 3rd February, although a useful discussion was had with the six members who attended plus the four observers.

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3.4.2 Build up PA Staff Complement and Provide Equal Opportunities to Men and Women Staff of NIPAP came from three sources having three distinct functions. Thus:

TABLE 22 NIPAP PHILIPPINES STAFF – SOURCES AND FUNCTIONS, 1ST MARCH 2001 SOURCE FUNCTION & AIM No. in No. at COMMENTS PMU SITES 1 NIPAP – EU To produce the outputs of the About 12 of these staff found Funded project for a finite period on subsequent work in NGOs limited contracts. They brought 40 7 and ARCBC, valued for the skills to the project but also, training they received from received training as appropriate. NIPAP 2 NIPAP – GoP Largely field staff brought in to be In the event none became Funded trained to supplement DENR DENR contractuals because detailed field staff with the aim of of limits to DENR recruiting. 6 101 becoming DENR contractuals or But GoP funds were always full DENR staff. Some came from available to support them. and would go back to NGOs. 3 DENR Detailed To enable close working In the event far too few DENR relationships with DENR at staff could be spared for PAWB and PENRO level as 1 2 34 NIPAP technicians and field staff. Ultimately to take over project activities. Total 48 142

There never was a policy of positive discrimination for women, except for recruiting the coordinators (where we failed to find a woman) and RDOs. Recruitment was based on merit. As a result of this while the very top management2 and the rangers were dominated by men, women dominated technical and service positions.

TABLE 23 NIPAP PHILIPPINES STAFF – SEX RATIOS, 1ST MARCH WOMEN MEN RATIO OF WOMEN TO MEN NIPAP – EU Funded 22 25 1:1.1 NIPAP – GoP Funded 17 90 1:5.3 DENR Detailed 6 30 1:5 Total 45 145 1:3.23

1 It must be appreciated that DENR is short staffed in any event and was/is expected to take over no only NIPAP activities but also CPPAP and NORDECO projects, without additional staffing. 2 This does not suggest that the Directorate considers that women do not merit the top positions but it is the way things worked out. Attempts to recruit a woman co-ordinator failed. It is interesting that while the DENR has plenty of women in top positions the EU, here in the Philippines, does not. Neither could the EU manage to produce one single woman TA for the review missions and of the 24 NIPAP TAs only two were women, representing a shocking 3% of total person-months. 3 Since one woman is worth about three men, this would seem to be about right.

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3.4.3 Provide Training to PA Staff The great weakness of NIPAP was the training, although a great deal of training-type sessions were conducted in the field. However, the trainers themselves were weak, especially in their knowledge of the dynamics of human ecosystems. At the end of 1998, a test made by the EDC revealed that not one of the IEC staff had even a basic knowledge of the subject. The weakness was recognized in early 1999 and a draft policy was discussed by the directors but without the benefit of professional advice. The policy involved: ➢ Preparation of Training Modules and Aids ➢ Training of Trainers ➢ Training of NIPAP Staff and ➢ Institutional Training This last was considered especially important so that the PAOs would be knowledgeable as an institution and capable of training themselves and other stakeholders as the needs arise. This, the Directorate felt, would be best served by a comprehensive GMP as a management tool (as described in subsection 3.4.1, above), by producing a series of easy-to-use manuals, by setting up mini-libraries, providing equipment necessary to aid training (e.g. audio visual aids) and by training DENR staff related to the PA (i.e. PENRO, CENRO and PASu). The was a tall order for less than two years and in the event it proved impossible to find a good training specialist (and a lot of time was wasted with an “expert’ who proved not to be). Nonetheless, a great deal was achieved, especially in terms of producing the Training Modules and Aids, and in holding site based trainings and workshops, as the tables below express. Also see 4.4 - Transfer of Skills to the Executing Agency and other Parties Concerned - below. All staff, especially those based at the PMU, received high quality on-the-job training enabling them to take enhanced skills beyond NIPAP.

TABLE 24 TRAINING MANUALS AND ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION

1 Biodiversity, Conservation and the Community Collectively, a major effort is being made by NIPAP to disseminate information on the 2 Primer on Criminal Procedure for Violations in Protected management and operations of protected Areas areas in the Philippines, at policy, technical 3 Primer on Administrative Procedure for Violations in and field levels. Protected Areas In collaboration with the Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB), other 4 Paralegal Training Manual for Protected Areas institutions - including the ASEAN Regional 5 A Guide to Understanding the Environment Center for Biodiversity Conservation (ARCBC), Technical Assistance for 6 Ecological Glossary for Protected Area Managers Improving Biodiversity Conservation 7 Handbook on the Establishment and Operationalisation of (TABC) Project, Conservation of Priority the Sub-IPAF Protected Areas Project (CPPAP) - NIPAP has produced a wide range of information 8 Handbook for Protected Area Rangers and Field Officers resources under the title of “Essentials of 9 Manual on Participatory 3-Dimensional Modeling Protected Area Management”. The series includes case studies, field and training 10 Guide to Establishing a Protected Area Library

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DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION

11 Biodiversity Monitoring System Manual (NORDECO) manuals, other educational material and legal reference documents. 12 Suhay Millennium Issue, 1st Half 2000 New style Suhay being a popular analysis of NIPAP findings and a scientifically 13 Suhay 3rd Quarter 2000 informative, especially as aids to training 14 Suhay 4th Quarter 2000 and information. 15 GMPs and Appendices See subsection 3.4.1, above. 16 Willingness to Pay Survey – Mt. Isarog National Park The reports present the results of one-year studies conducted in two protected areas to 17 Willingness to Pay Survey – El Nido-Taytay Managed assess the visitors’ willingness to pay for Resources Protected Area benefits enjoyed while visiting the areas. The studies recommend the fees the PAMBs should introduce to support the maintenance, management and administration of the protected areas

TABLE 25 GRAND SUMMARY OF SITE BASED WORKSHOPS For detailed tables, see Appendix 5 on page 83, below. No. Workshops Ca. No. SITE Year & Training Participants Sessions Pan –Project 1998 27 650 1999 28 1230 2000 20 475 2001 0 0 Coron Island 1998 4 22 1999 15 597 2000 9 309 2001 3 67 El Nido 1998 5 42 1999 28 770 2000 12 320 2001 1 Est. 50 Malampaya Sound 1998 5 26 1999 8 360 2000 13 415 2001 4 110 Mt. Guiting-Guiting 1998 8 100 1999 26 1445 2000 7 166 2001 5 Est. 50 Mts. Iglit and Baco 1998 2 27 1999 5 Est. 5053

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No. Workshops Ca. No. SITE Year & Training Participants Sessions 2000 8 305 2001 4 612 Mt. Isarog 1998 6 90 1999 45 2021 2000 13 255 2001 2 Est. 25 Mt. Malindang 1998 20 Est. 1000 1999 42 2705 2000 8 210 2001 2 Est. 100 Mt. Pulag 1998 4 68 1999 35 1003 2000 10 235 2001 6 Est. 80

TABLE 26 NIPAP PROVISION OF TRAINING AIDS

Mt. Guiting

Malampaya Malampaya

Mts. Iglit & Mts. Iglit

Malindang

Mt. Isarog

Mt. Pulag

Guiting

El Nid

Sound

Coron Coron

Island

Baco ITEM PMU

Mt.

Overhead Projector 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TV Set 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Video Player/Recorder 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 4 Slide Projector 1 1 1 1 1 Screen 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ordinary Camera 8 1 3 3 4 3 2 Radio Cassette Recorder 11 1 1 2 3 2 Desk-top Computer 45 2 3 2 2 2 3 5 3 Laser Printer 9 1 Color Inkjet Computer 4 1 2 1 1 2 Portable 1 Laptop 8 UPS 16 Data Back-up System 8 Other Peripherals 103 2 6 6 6 3 10 5 4 Fax / Data Modem 9 Scanner 2 1 1 1 Photocopier 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Books 590 8 3 2 11 6 7 12 3 Video Materials 6 2 1 1 2 1 1

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3.4.4 Strengthen PA Management Capability of Local Institutions and of the DENR Local and Central Level This activity was focused on the PAMB, which represents all the stakeholders including local institutions and the DENR at both local and central levels. As the NIPAP project progressed, it became increasingly obvious that an efficiently functioning and sustainable PAMB empowered to guide the planning and management of the PA, is the key to fulfilling the intentions of the NIPAS Act. Moreover, a significant ramification of establishing a PAMB was the need for NIPAP to develop a good working relationship with stakeholders including the local DENR Regional Executive Director (RED), concerned NGOs and IP groups, and Governors, Mayors and, but much less easy, Barangay Captains. Additional essential tools of the PAMB are: a functioning Integrated Protected Area Fund – IPAF – necessary for financial sustainability, see 3.4.6 below; and training, see 3.4.3, above. Also relevant is Section 4, below - Sustainability Processes. Progress in PAMB Establishment within the terms of the NIPAS Act:

TABLE 27 PAMB INDICATORS – PAMB ESTABLISHMENT

Mt. Guiting Mt.

Malampaya Malampaya

Mts. Iglit & Mts.

Malindang

Mt. Isarog Mt.

Mt. Pulag Mt.

Guitin

El Nido El

Sound

Coron

Island

Baco

Mt. Mt. KEY INDICATORS

Interim PAMB Installed & date No 5.98 8.99 6.96 7.93 7.94 1.94 6.94 of convention Percentage of “legally appointed PAMB members” Na 0% 70% 100% 42% 64% 0% 0% versus “total number of PAMB members” Internal Rules & Regulations and Standard Operating Na YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Procedures in place Local Governments duly Na YES YES YES YES YES YES YES represented on the Boards Number of Mayors Sitting in Na 0 1 2 0 0 12 0 the PAMB Enbancs Number of Sangguniang Bayan Members Sitting in the Na 3 2 6 3 4 0 4 Enbancs % of seats filled in by political leaders (Mayors and SB Na 7% 22% 11% 13% 12% 5% 6% Members) on the EmBancs Number of PAMB Meetings in 0 14 10 7 9 6 10 9 2000 to December 31st % of total number of PAMB (ExeCom + Enbanc) meetings - 100% 100% 83% 100% 100% 89% 88% (YR 2000) where quorum was met IPAF Training (Part 1) YES YES YES YES YES No YES YES Delivered IPAF Training (Part 2) No YES No YES YES No YES YES Delivered

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3.4.5 Provide PA Infrastructure and Equipment This can be divided into four areas:  Buildings  Transport  Radio Equipment and  Other Equipment Thus: 3.4.5.1 Buildings

TABLE 28 CONSTRUCTION – CORON ISLAND Structure Location Date of Completion Total Value Water System Barangay Cabugao, Coron March 16, 2000 135,664.20 PA Office-Visitor Center Brgy. 5, Coron August 18, 2000 Tagbanua Center Gazebo 3,691,429.37 Site Stabilization Brgy. 5, Coron October 27, 2000 Insulation Drainage 408,505.00 Concrete Walkways Brgy. 5, Coron February 23, 2001 Landscaping Lighting Flag pole Entrance gate 465,000.00

TABLE 29 CONSTRUCTION – EL NIDO Structure Location Date of Completion Total Value Protected Area Office/ El Nido Poblacion July 25, 2000 Visitor Center/ CENRO 4,412,092.23 Divers House Corong-Corong August 18 , 2000 1,346,232.33 Residential Guard House New Ibajay, Palawan August 18 , 2000 1,019,705.10

Water Tank, El Nido Poblacion October 11, 2000 Fencing and Lobby Extension 498,980.00 Attic of PAO/Visitor Center El Nido Poblacion March 2001 229,111.54

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TABLE 30 CONSTRUCTION – MALAMPAYA SOUND Structure Location Date of Completion Total Value PAO/Visitor Center Old Guinlo, Taytay Palawan May 2, 2000 (Stopped at 70%)1 1,139,117.91 Residential Guard House Binaloan, Taytay Palawan May 2, 2000 1,391,370.11 PAO/Visitor Center Building Old Guinlo, Taytay Palawan March 7, 2001 – Replacement 2,999,667.03 Attic of PAO/Visitor Center Old Guinlo, Taytay Palawan March 7, 2001 Building 131,000.00 Port Old Guinlo, Taytay Palawan March 7, 2001 Attic 2 Extension & Driveway 425,430.81 TABLE 31 CONSTRUCTION – MT. GUITING-GUITING Structure Location Date of Completion Total Value Protected Areas Office Barangay Tampayan, February 12,1998 Magdiwang 2,298,771.54 Visitor Center Brgy. Tampayan, February 12,1998 Magdiwang 2,199,694.00 Staff House Brgy. Tampayan, February 12,1998 Magdiwang 1,158,184.03 Research Building Brgy. Tampayan, February 12,1998 Magdiwang 980,542.00 Service Building Brgy. Tampayan, February 12,1998 Magdiwang 500,207.91 Entrance Gate Brgy. Tampayan, February 12,1998 Magdiwang, Romblon 331,172.00 Residential Guard Houses x Cantagda, Cajidiocan February 12,1998 3 Canjalon, Cajidiocan Olango, San Fernando 2,104,870.00 Water Supply system Brgy. Tampayan, February 12,1998 Magdiwang, Romblon 70,556.20 Water Tank, Deep-well & Brgy. Tampayan, February 12,1998 Pump House Magdiwang, Romblon 569,748.00 Increase in the elevation of Canjalon, San Fernando February 12,1998 Residential Guard House Olango, San Fernando Replace of Sawali Window Olango, San Fernando Riprapping & Backfilling 137,722.00 Backfilling Barangay Tampayan, February 12,1998 Tie Beam Magdiwang, Romblon 106,000.00

1 During the inspection of the EU Commission desk officer and the Delegation Councillor, the site was considered to be unsuitable. May be completed post-project.

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TABLE 32 CONSTRUCTION – MTS. IGLIT & BACO Structure Location Date of Completion Total Value Hanging Bridge x 3 Magtangkob, Mindoro August 3,2000 Stop at 28%1 917,430.22 Hanging Bridge 1 (New Magtangkob, Mindoro March 15,2001 Contract) 1,275,785.69 Repair works to new (DENR) San Jose, Mindoro March 15,2001 Protected Area Office 200,000.00

TABLE 33 CONSTRUCTION – MT. ISAROG Structure Location Date of Completion Total Value Multi-Purpose Center Villa Florida, Ocampo June 8, 2000 945,582.34 PAO/Visitor Center Building Panicuason, Naga City June 26, 2000 2,228,810.25 Research Building Panicuason, Naga City June 26, 2000 1,478,782.10 Entrance Gate Panicuason, Naga City June 26, 2000 241,946.70 Electrical works Panicuason, Naga City June 26, 2000 200,000.00 Riprap Panicuason, Naga City June 26, 2000 Water tank & water supply 838,678.39 Residential Guard House Paytan, GOA November 9, 2000 Stop at 33.5%2 798,689.07 Pinagsarong Kusog kan Hiwacloy, GOA March 15, 2001 Bukid Isarog Building 531,128.24

TABLE 34 CONSTRUCTION – MT. MALINDANG Structure Location Date of Completion Total Value PAO/Visitor Center Oroquieta City February 2,2001 3,162,913.58 Filling & Fence Oroquieta City February 2,2001 145,000.00 Improvement of Façade Oroquieta City February 2,2001 Drainage System 475,000.00 Electrical Oroquieta City February 2,2001 Water Tank Staff House Landscaping 822,580.57

1 The demand by the local NPA for a “revolutionary tax” was resisted. Finally one bridge was completed and on the day of its inspection – 15th March, 2001 – a message was sent that permission would be given for the others to be completed. 2 NPA resistance, not to NIPAP but to DENR. Thus funds used for the PKBI building.

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TABLE 35 CONSTRUCTION – MT. PULAG Structure Location Date of Completion Total Value PAO/Visitor Center Building Ambangeg, Benguet September 28,2000 4,169,358,90 Road & Fencing Ambangeg, Benguet September 28,2000 Entrance Gate Street lighting Water Tank 658,514.76 Tourist Toilet Ambangeg, Benguet March 2001 568,514.51 Entrance Gate for PA Amlimay, Bugias Benguet March 2001 165,000.00

3.4.5.2 Transport TABLE 36 TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPLIED

Mt. Malindang Mt.

Coron Island Coron

Mt. Guiting Mt.

Malampaya Malampaya

Mts. Iglit & Mts.

Terrestrial and Marine Isarog Mt.

Mt. Pulag Mt.

Guiting

El Nido El

Sound

Vehicles Supplied by EU to Baco

PMU NIPAP for ultimate

handover to

DENR\PENRO\PAO &

DENR\PAWB Landrover 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Suzuki-Vitara, White 4WD 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Suzuki-Vitara, RED 4WD 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Toyota Corolla, White 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Toyota Corolla, Grey 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Toyota Hi-ace Van 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Honda XL 125 0 1 3 1 5 1 5 1 4 Honda XL 125 0 2 3 2 3 2 3 8 5 Speed Boat – 170 HP 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 Pump Boat – 170 HP 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Pump Boat – 5 HP 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0

3.4.5.3 Radio Equipment TABLE 37 RADIO EQUIPMENT SUPPLIED

Mt. Guiting Mt.

Malampaya Malampaya

Mts. Iglit & Mts.

Malindang

Mt. Isarog Mt.

Mt. Pulag Mt.

Radio Equipment Guiting

El Nido El

Sound

Coron

Island

Baco

PMU

Supplied by EU for Mt. handover to

DENR\PENRO\PAO

- & DENR\PAWB HF Base 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 HF Portables 1 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Value – Pesos 323,000 646,000 570,000 380,000 931,000 380,000 380,000 380,000 380,000 TOTAL VALUE 4,370,000

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3.4.5.4 Other Equipment TABLE 38 OTHER EQUIPMENT SUPPLIED – AS CONSOLIDATED INVENTORY EQUIPMENT TO BE HANDED OVER ON MARCH 31, 2001 Based on the Official Inventory Reports of the Physical Inventory Team (NIPAP / DENR)

Mt. Guiting Mt.

Malampaya Malampaya

Malindang

Mt. Isarog Mt.

Mt. Pulag Mt.

TOTALS

Mt. Iglit Mt.

Guiting

El Nido El

Sound

Coron

Island

Baco

PMU Property Mt. Items

Code

AVEQ-001 Overhead projector 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 8 AVEQ-002 TV Set 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 8 AVEQ-003 Video Player / Recorder 1 1 1 2 2 4 1 12 AVEQ-004 Slide Projector 1 1 1 1 1 5 AVEQ-005 Screen 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 AVEQ-006 Video Camera & Accessories 1 1 2 AVEQ-007 Sound System 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 12 AVEQ-009 Video Camera 1 1 AVEQ-011 Ordinary Camera 1 3 1 6 4 3 2 7 27 AVEQ-012 Projector Screen 1 1 AVEQ-013 Radio Cassette Recorder 1 3 2 3 2 2 13 COMM-001 HF-SSB Base Station 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 13 COMM-003 VHF Portable 8 5 5 14 5 5 5 5 4 56 COMM-005 Telephones 1 1 1 26 29 COMM-006 Battery / Battery Charger 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 1 11 23 COMM-007 Fax Machine 1 1 2 4 COMM-008 Antenna 2 3 1 1 2 6 3 2 9 29 Accessories for Telecom COMM-011 System 3 2 2 1 1 3 12 COMM-012 Installation Charges 1 1 CPTR-001 Desktop Computer 2 3 2 2 2 3 5 3 38 60 CPTR-002 Laser Printer 2 1 10 13 CPTR-003 Color Inkjet Printer 1 1 2 1 5 10 CPTR-004 Software 4 4 CPTR-005 Dot Matrix Printer 1 1 1 1 4 CPTR-006 Portable Printer 1 1 CPTR-007 Laptop 7 7 CPTR-008 UPS 15 15 CPTR-009 Data Back UP System 8 8 Other Peripherals - Zip Drive, CPTR-010 Data Switch, Printer Cable, etc 5 3 6 6 3 9 5 5 85 127 CPTR-011 Fax / Data Modem 1 9 10 CPTR-012 Scanner 1 1 1 2 5 DIVE-002 Wetsuits, BCD, Regulator 5 4 9 DIVE-003 Mask and Fin 3 2 5 DIVE-004 Tank 4 1 5 DIVE-005 Compass 1 1 DIVE-006 Set of Gloves 2 1 3 DIVE-007 Knife 2 2 4 DIVE-008 Diving Manual 3 4 7 DIVE-009 Snorkel 2 2 DIVE-010 Booties 1 1 DIVE-011 Diving Accessories - Boots, 10 14 2 26

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EQUIPMENT TO BE HANDED OVER ON MARCH 31, 2001 Based on the Official Inventory Reports of the Physical Inventory Team (NIPAP / DENR)

Mt. Guiting Mt.

Malampaya Malampaya

Malindang

Mt. Isarog Mt.

Mt. Pulag Mt.

TOTALS

Mt. Iglit Mt.

Guiting

El Nido El

Sound

Coron

Island

Baco

PMU Property Mt. Items

Code

Weigh belts, Straps, Mouthpieces, bags, etc FURN-001 Desk 1 27 28 FURN-002 Drafting Table 1 3 4 FURN-003 Filing Cabinet 2 3 8 3 5 3 2 9 35 FURN-004 Chair 6 12 4 43 10 57 15 33 88 268 14 FURN-005 Table 9 14 4 28 10 9 17 12 39 2 FURN-006 Fixture – Air Conditioner 1 1 2 17 21 FURN-007 Fixture – Bookshelves 3 1 33 37 FURN-008 Fixture – Whiteboard 1 3 4 1 1 10 FURN-009 Fixture – Clock 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 10 FURN-010 Hanging Cabinet 3 9 12 FURN-011 Sala Set 2 9 1 2 3 1 1 19 FURN-012 Cabinet 8 1 1 5 15 FURN-013 Glass – Sliding / Top 3 3 FURN-014 Wood Partition 1 1 1 1 4 FURN-015 Bed 6 14 2 1 9 32 FURN-016 Fixture – Others 3 8 1 2 1 15 GIS-001 GIS Hardware 3 3 GIS-002 GIS Software 1 1 GIS-003 GIS Inkjet Plotter 1 1 OTHR-001 Photocopier 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 8 OTHR-002 Ring Binder 1 1 OTHR-003 Workshop Tools 3 2 5 OTHR-005 Typewriter 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 13 OTHR-006 Housekeeping Equipment 3 1 2 1 2 3 2 8 22 Kitchen Outfit (Stove, Thermos, OTHR-007 Utensils, …) 5 3 2 7 2 13 8 6 5 51 OTHR-008 Calculator 1 2 1 6 2 8 20 OTHR-009 Adding Machine 3 3 OTHR-010 IEC Materials 1 7 8 OTHR-011 Mattress 2 8 10 OTHR-012 Linen 1 1 OTHR-013 Table Lamp 1 1 3 5 OTHR-014 Draftsman’s equipment 1 2 3 OTHR-015 Generator 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 OTHR-016 Sharpener / Paper Cutter 1 5 6 OTHR-017 Handgun 1 1 OTHR-018 Cork Board / White Board 2 3 1 1 4 24 35 OTHR-019 Fire Extinguisher 1 3 12 1 1 4 22 OTHR-020 Electric Fan 1 6 3 20 3 6 3 2 44 OTHR-021 Compressor 1 1 OTHR-022 Weighing Scale 1 1 53 59 OTHR-023 Books 8 3 7 13 5 7 12 3 9 7 OTHR-024 Flag 1 1

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EQUIPMENT TO BE HANDED OVER ON MARCH 31, 2001 Based on the Official Inventory Reports of the Physical Inventory Team (NIPAP / DENR)

Mt. Guiting Mt.

Malampaya Malampaya

Malindang

Mt. Isarog Mt.

Mt. Pulag Mt.

TOTALS

Mt. Iglit Mt.

Guiting

El Nido El

Sound

Coron

Island

Baco

PMU Property Mt. Items

Code

OTHR-025 Video Materials 2 2 1 2 1 1 6 15 OTHR-026 Office Improvement 2 2 4 OTHR-027 Office Accessories 9 5 1 1 1 7 24 OTHR-030 Training Bags with Logo 1 1 1 1 1 5 OTHR-031 Fishing Accessories 1 1 OTHR-034 Building Structures 3 2 3 3 5 1 2 19 OTHR-036 Laboratory items 1 1 SURV-001 GPS 1 1 1 10 13 SURV-002 Tent 3 5 7 14 7 4 4 2 46 SURV-003 Binocular 2 5 2 6 2 6 6 6 4 39 SURV-004 Torch/Flashlight/Headlamp 3 10 7 17 10 6 3 2 2 60 SURV-005 Compass 2 2 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 23 SURV-007 Altimeter 1 3 1 3 8 SURV-008 Tape, Steel/Cloth Type 1 2 2 5 4 2 1 17 SURV-009 Sleeping Bag 3 4 1 15 2 5 11 6 3 50 SURV-010 Backpack & Daypack 5 1 4 16 9 5 2 7 2 51 SURV-011 Portable Lamp 6 1 2 1 3 7 6 6 3 35 17 SURV-012 Uniform set 19 21 23 22 20 23 22 23 3 SURV-013 Tripod 1 1 3 1 6 SURV-014 Range Pole 4 3 4 3 2 16 SURV-015 Rainfall Simulator 2 2 SURV-016 Misnet 1 1 TRNS-001 4WD Personal Carrier 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 9 TRNS-002 Passenger Van 1 1 TRNS-003 Sedan 2 2 TRNS-004 Motorcycle 3 6 3 8 3 8 13 9 53 TRNS-006 Pump Boat 1 2 3 TRNS-007 Speed Boat 1 1 1 3 TRNS-010 Tools 5 1 2 4 3 11 26 TRNS-011 Motorcycle Helmet 6 12 4 16 8 13 19 11 89 TRNS-012 Tires & Accessories 1 1 3 1 6 TRNS-013 Car Accessories 2 1 1 1 1 6 Boat Accessories (Compass, TRNS-014 Life Jackets, Ring Buoy, …) 10 17 4 8 39 TRNS-016 Speed Boat Accessories 1 1 2 AVEQ-001 Overhead projector 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 8 AVEQ-002 TV Set 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 8 AVEQ-003 Video Player / Recorder 1 1 1 2 2 4 1 12 AVEQ-004 Slide Projector 1 1 1 1 1 5 AVEQ-005 Screen 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 AVEQ-006 Video Camera & Accessories 1 1 2

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3.4.6 Assist and Train PAMBs in Establishing the Systems for Running the IPAF and for Collecting Fees See also 4.4.4, IPAF Training Programme. TABLE 39 IPAF FOR COLLECTION OF FEES

Mt. Malindang

Coron Island Coron

Mt. Guiting

Malampaya Malampaya

Mts. Iglit & Mts. Iglit

Mt. Isarog Integrated Protected Mt. Pulag

Guiting

El Nido

Sound Areas Fund Baco

IPAF

Activities

Interim PAMB/PAMB No1 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes IPAF Sub-account number No 401-087 401-102 401-072 401-101 401-044 401-039 401-009 Current Account established No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Trust Fund set up Na Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes PASu is the Special Na Yes No Yes No No No Yes Collecting Officer Accounts available Na Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Fee Collection in place Na Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Comprehensive Guidelines Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes available – as Manual Training Part One Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Training Part Two No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes N.B. – The IPAF process has not been sufficiently tested and the opinion of the Directors in March 2001 was that it was probably too complicated to operate easily. For instance 9 signatures are required for the release of funds.

3.4.7 Design and Organize M&E Systems at PMO and PAO Level Monitoring and Evaluation are two distinct processes. 3.4.7.1 Monitoring – Accounting See Financial Report below, Section 4, on page 67. 3.4.7.2 Monitoring – Status Report The Status Report is the manifestation of the project monitoring process. See subsection 3.1.2 on page 16. 3.4.7.3 Monitoring - BMS See, also , 4.4.2 - Installation of the Biodiversity Monitoring System, below. The DENR/PAWB Biodiversity Monitoring System is a scheme, developed by the NORDECO-Technical Assistance aimed at Improving Biodiversity Conservation in Protected Areas in the Philippines, to monitor biodiversity in the Philippines. Its objective is to discern positive or negative trends that will need corresponding management responses. The BMS methods have been designed to help contribute to the improved conservation and sustainable use of forests and wetlands. NIPAP employed a short-term TA to investigate and recommend monitoring process. His view was that the NORDECO system was excellent (and it was, thereafter, endorsed by PAWB). Therefore and with the help of NORDECO, NIPAP adopted and tested the process

1 See subsection 2.2.8 above

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - NIPAP Final 39 Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 on seven sites, the Tagbanua of Coron Island being, understandably, suspicious of the process (see subsection 2.2.8 above). A manual – part of the NIPAP Essentials of Protected Area Management series – has been produced: Biodiversity Monitoring System Manual (NORDECO) Progress to date is as follows: TABLE 40 PROGRESS OF THE BMS, BIODIVERSITY MONITORING SYSTEM

Coron Island Coron

Mt. Guiting Mt.

Malampaya Malampaya

Mts. Iglit & Mts.

Malindang

Mt. Isarog Mt.

Mt. Pul Mt.

Guiting

El Nido El

Sound

Baco

Mt. Mt.

BMS ESTABLISHMENT PROCESSES

Phase 1- Training (Provide participants with the theoretical and practical knowledge and skills on how Na Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes to install BMS at the PA site) Phase 2- Guided BMS Installation (Identification and installation of monitoring sites for photo documentation, Na Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes transect walk and focus group discussion) Phase 3- Assessment and Supervision (Follow-up site assessment to determine the progress of BMS Na Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes implementation and installation as well as to identify some areas for improvement) Phase 4- Monitoring and Supervision (Monitor and check BMS sites installed and supervise installation of Na No No No No No No No additional sites if needed and preparation of BMS report) Phase 5- Monitoring and Supervision (Monitor and check BMS sites installed and facilitate formulation of Na No No No No No No No Action Plan to ensure BMS activities are sustained at site level)

3.4.7.4 Evaluation – Financial See Financial Report below, Section 4, on page 67. 3.4.7.5 Evaluation – Management and Policy Evaluation involves the assessment of data arising from monitoring. The subsequent response should be management/administrative reaction and policy evolution. This has been NIPAP’s experience, improving with the quantity and quality of monitoring and with the availability of evaluation. The manifestation of evaluation is: a. The Annual Work Plans, especially those for 1999 and 2000, including the 2000 Supplement, taking it up to March 2001 – see Subsection 2.3, above. b. Rider Number 3 – see Subsection 2.3, above. c. The Proposal – see Subsection 2.3, above. d. The Quarterly reports, increasing used as policy and management review processes e. And, very importantly, special evaluations published in the Suhay editions numbers). These are reported below while the transcripts appear in the attached CD.

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TABLE 41 EVALUATIONS PUBLISHED IN SUHAY EDITION ITEM 1 Jan-Jun 2000 The Cost of Managing Protected Areas in the Philippines. 2 City and Municipal Government at the forefront in conservation: a reality or utopia. Also, Isarog’s Min and Max. 3 July-Sept 2000 Staffing Protected Area: defining criteria based on a case study of eight protected areas in the Philippines. 4 Multi-Stage Management Planning for Protected Area (based on Mt. Malindang PA). 5 Monitoring and Evaluation Beyond Record-keeping. 6 Oct-Jan 2001 Collection of Protected Area Funds (A year-round Review) 7 Unveiling Levels of Commitment (Protected Area Management Boards) 8 The Importance of Managerial Stability and Continuity

3.4.8 Establish Integrated Data Base (IDB) at the PMO and PAO This is the MIS – the Management Information System. It covers three activities: GIS, IDB and the Library, each manifested by a sub-section under the management of an MIS Section Head. The GIS is covered separately below (subsection 3.4.10). 3.4.8.1 A Structured Digital Data-Base The IDB sub-section’s primary role was completed in terms of maintaining computer systems and securing project data to generate: ➢ a structured digital database of the 8 PA sites for the use of the 8 PA offices and PAWB; and ➢ a copy of this database compilation written on compact discs for distribution to PA offices and PAWB and made available to stakeholders. 3.4.8.2 Repair and Maintenance Regular maintenance activities included: ➢ repair and maintenance of computer hardware, software and the Local Area Network at the PMO/PAOs and ➢ maintenance of office systems such as PMO Accounting System, PAO Light Accounting System, Payroll, Document Tracking, Property and Supplies Management. 3.4.8.3 GMPs Special attention and support was given to the preparation and finalization of GMPs. A template was developed to standardize the format and layout of GMPs and its appendices. The MIS conducted brief sessions and tutorials for GMP writers and editors. 3.4.8.4 Database Availability on Public Compact Discs On September 2000, IDB activities were focused on the final structuring of the database for the eight sites and the collection and archiving of final plans and reports. The database of each site comprising the IDB and GIS files were written on separate CDs while the PMO database was written in two CDs. A repeat of this activity was made on March 2001 to further refine the IDB structure in line with the final handover of the database.

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3.4.8.5 Consolidation of Outputs The 1st quarter of 2001 focused on consolidating the outputs of the MIS and the project database. Outputs that were packaged in September 2000, the original project closure date, were reviewed and worked on again. These outputs include the complete database of the 8 sites and the PMO database. 3.4.8.6 The Future: PAWB/ARCBC The sustainability and effective use of the project’s database were recognized as the project is about to end. The phasing-in to PAWB was explored and on December 2000, PAWB agreed by issuing a Special Order, to provide MIS counterparts for GIS, Library and the IDB in preparation for the eventual turn-over. Formal talks and agreements were made for ARCBC, through PAWB, to sustain the Information Communication Technology Center (ICTC) in conjunction with ARCBC’s thrusts after March 2001. See also 4.9.1. 3.4.8.7 World Wide Web Site In December 2000, the project proposed to assist PAWB improve its website by relocating it to a new domain. In the process, a space in the website will be allocated to contain the web pages of protected areas in the Philippines. The project initiated the registration of the new domain (www.pawb.gov.ph) to the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) and the hosting of the new domain to a web host. By March 2001, the new PAWB website was launched incorporating the 8 NIPAP protected area sites developed by the IDB. TABLE 42 IDB WORK BY MARCH 2001:

Mt. GuitingMt. Malampaya

Malindang

Mt. IsarogMt.

Mt. PulagMt.

CoronIs. Mts.Iglit

El Nido El

Guiting

PAWB

Sound

PMU PMU /

Baco ACTIVITY Mt.

Literature Collection and Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Archiving Picture Collection and Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Archiving Organization according to Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done IDB Structure Distribution of the IDB on Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done CDs Deployment of Computer Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Hardware and Software

3.4.8.8 An IDB for Each of the Eight Sites TABLE 43 CORON ISLAND DATA BASE CORON ISLAND DATA AVAILABILITY AT PMU ON CD Coron Island Protected Areas General Management Plan, Advance Available Available Draft, Volume I, Description, Analysis and Prescription Pinangangalagaang Lugar ng Isla Coron, Pangkalahatang Plano ng Available Available Pamamahala (GMP Tagalog Version) IEC Strategy for NIPAP Implementation in Coron Island Available Available Socio-economic and Cultural Profile of the Coron Island, Finding and Available Available Recommendations for PA Planning resulting from a Rapid Rural Appraisal Working with the Indigenous People in Coron Island for PA Available Available Management CORON ISLAND GIS DATA AVAILABILITY AT PMU ON CD

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - NIPAP Final 42 Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001

Administrative boundary (barangay level) Available Available Road/tracks/footpath Available Available River/creeks/inland water Available Available Place names Available Available Significant landmarks Available Available 20-meter contour Available Available 100-meter contour Available Available Land cover Available Available Cadastral and Land Status Map In Process Available CADC, CALC, CADT, CLOA Available Available Land mapping unit Available Available Protected Area Boundary Available Available Management zones Available Available Major river/water catchment Available Available Bathymetric Available Available Fishing activity Available Available Slope Available Available Participatory 3-dimentional model Available Available Population density Available Available Annual average growth rate Available Available TABLE 44 EL NIDO DATA BASE EL NIDO DATA AVAILABILITY AT PMU ON CD Participatory 3D Model Available Available Biodiversity Assessment of El Nido Islands, Palawan (Part II – Fauna) Available Available Biodiversity Assessment of El Nido Islands, Palawan (Park I – Flora) Available Available Assessment and Zonation of Coastal Habitats at Bacuit Bay, Northern Available Available Palawan El Nido-Taytay Protected Area General Management Plan, Executive Available Available Summary El Nido-Taytay Protected Area General Management Plan, Advance Draft, Available Available Volume I, Description, Analysis and Prescription IEC Strategy for NIPAP Implementation in El Nido Marine Reserve Available Available Fisheries Management Proposals for the El Nido Managed Resource Available Available Protected Area, Results of the Community-based Fisheries Management Consultations Community based Fisheries Assessment for the El Nido Marine Reserve Available Available List of Plants Available Available List of Islands within the El Nido Marine Reserve Available Available Strategic Framework for the El Nido Marine Reserve Management Plan Available Available Recommendations for PA Planning as a result of the Socio-economic Available Available profiling of El Nido and the conduct of a Rapid Rural Appraisal Willingness To Pay Survey Available Available Listing of Endemic, Rare and Endangered Species in Palawan, their habitat Available Available and conservation requirements and local status Bacauit Islands Profile Available Available Status, habitat and distribution of restricted - range bird species Available Available Protected Area Suitability Assessment (PASA) documents Available Available Vegetation Analysis Available Available Geology Available Available Mammals of Palawan Available Available

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EL NIDO GIS DATA AVAILABILITY AT PMU ON CD Administrative boundary (barangay level) Available Available Road/tracks/footpath Available Available River/creeks/inland water Available Available Place names Available Available Significant landmarks Available Available 20-meter contour Available Available 100-meter contour Available Available Land cover Available Available Cadastral and Land Status Map Available Available CADC, CALC, CADT, CLOA Available Available Land mapping unit Available Available Protected Area Boundary Available Available Management zones Available Available Major river/water catchment Available Available Bathymetric Available Available Present land use Available Available Habitat type distribution Available Available Tourism establishments Available Available Fishing activity Available Available Geology Available Available Slope Available Available Participatory 3-dimentional model Available Available Population density Available Available Annual average growth rate Available Available Crop suitability Available Available Potential areas for agriculture Available Available TABLE 45 MALAMPAYA SOUND DATA BASE MALAMPAYA SOUND DATA AVAILABILITY AT PMU ON CD Participatory 3D Model Available Available Baseline Survey in Malampaya Sound, Taytay, Palawan Available Available Malampaya Sound Protected Land and Seascape General Management Available Available Plan, Advance Draft, Volume I, Description, Analysis and Prescription IEC Strategy for NIPAP Implementation in Malampaya Sound, Taytay, Available Available Palawan Initial Protected Area Plan Available Available Pre Feasibility Study Available Available Socio-economic and Cultural Profile of the Malampaya Sound, Findings Available Available and Recommendations for PA Planning resulting from Rapid Rural Appraisal Endemic Flora and Fauna List Available Available MALAMPAYA SOUND GIS DATA AVAILABILITY AT PMU ON CD Administrative boundary (barangay level) Available Available Road/tracks/footpath Available Available River/creeks/inland water Available Available Place names Available Available Significant landmarks Available Available 20-meter contour Available Available 100-meter contour Available Available

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - NIPAP Final 44 Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001

Land cover Available Available Cadastral and Land Status Map Available Available CADC, CALC, CADT, CLOA Available Available Land mapping unit Available Available Protected Area Boundary Available Available Management zones Available Available Major river/water catchment Available Available Bathymetric Available Available Present land use Available Available Habitat type distribution Available Available Tourism establishments Available Available Fishing activity Available Available Slope In Process Planned Participatory 3-dimentional model Available Available TABLE 46 MT. GUITING-GUITING DATA BASE MT. GUITING-GUITING DATA AVAILABILITY AT PMU ON CD Participatory 3D Model Available Available Baseline Survey in Mt Guiting-Guiting Natural Park, Sibuyan Island Available Available Report on the Survey of the Terrestrial Vegetation in Sibuyan Island Available Available Forest Inventory Database Available Available Inventory of Forest Trees in Mt Guiting-Guiting Available General Management Plan Available Available IEC Strategy for NIPAP Implementation in Mt Guiting-Guiting National Park Available Available Amphibians of Sibuyan Available Available Sibuyan Mammals Available List of municipalities and barangays Available Available List of fauna Available Available Vegetation of Sibuyan, List of flora Available Available List of fishes, Sibuyan Available Available List of Birds in Sibuyan Available Plant Diversity Analysis of Mt Guiting-Guiting National Park Available Available Report on the Survey of the Terrestrial Vegetation in Sibuyan Island Available Available Strategic Framework of Mt Guiting-Guiting Natural Park Management Plan Available Available Socio-economic and Cultural Profile of the Island of Sibuyan, Romblon, Available Available Findings and Recommendations for PA Planning resulting from Rapid Rural Appraisal Strengthening the Social Fence Around Mt Guiting-Guiting Natural Park Available Available through CBFM Participatory Planning Process with Selected Communities on Timber Supply Available Available for Domestic Use MALAMPAYA SOUND GIS DATA AVAILABILITY AT PMU ON CD Administrative boundary (barangay level) Available Available Road/tracks/footpath Available Available River/creeks/inland water Available Available Place names Available Available Significant landmarks Available Available 20-meter contour Available Available 100-meter contour Available Available Land cover Available Available Cadastral and Land Status Map Available Available

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CADC, CALC, CADT, CLOA Available Available Land management unit Available Available Protected Area Boundary Available Available Management zones Available Available Major river/water catchment Available Available Bathymetric Available Available Present land use Available Available Habitat type distribution Available Available Tourism establishments Available Available Mineral claims/application Available Available Geology Available Available Slope Available Available Participatory 3-dimentional model Available Available Population density Available Available Annual average growth rate Available Available Crop suitability Available Available Potential areas for agriculture Available Available Forest inventory Available Available TABLE 47 MTS. IGLIT AND BACO DATA BASE MTS. IGLIT AND BACO DATA AVAILABILITY AT PMU ON CD IEC Strategy for NIPAP Implementation in Mts. Iglit-Baco National Park Available Available Preliminary Study for Mindoro Island-wide Program for Biodiversity Available Available Conservation Preliminary Stakeholders Consultation Workshop for the Proposed Mindoro Available Available National Park Percentage of number of farms by tenure system within the municipalities Available Available encompassing MIBNP Bird-day totals of Mindoro forest residents (with sightings) Available Available MOA between NIPAP and CARE, support to livelihood activities via Available Available AWESOME project??????????????????????????????????????? Tamaraw Management Available Available List of pending CADCs for Approval of DENR Region IV, Mindoro Province Available Available Mt Iglit-Baco National park: An ASEAN Heritage Park and Reserve, Regional Available Available Technical Bulleting No. 1 DENR-EMPAS, Region IV General Information on Mt Iglit-Baco National Park Available Available Forest Habitats in Mindoro Available Available MTS. IGLIT AND BACO GIS DATA AVAILABILITY AT PMU ON CD Road/tracks/footpath Available Available River/creeks/inland water Available Available Place names Available Available Significant landmarks Available Available 20-meter contour Available Available 100-meter contour Available Available Land cover Available Available Cadastral and Land Status Map Available Available CADC, CALC, CADT, CLOA Available Available Land mapping unit Available Available Protected Area Boundary Available Available Management zones Available Available Major river/water catchment Available Available

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Present land use Available Available Slope Available Available TABLE 48 MT. ISAROG DATA BASE MT. ISAROG DATA AVAILABILITY AT PMU ON CD Baseline Survey in Mt Isarog National Park, Camarines Sur 1997 Available Available Mt Isarog General Management Plan, Advance Draft, Volume I, Description, Available Available Analysis and Prescription IEC Strategy for NIPAP Implementation in Mt Isarog National Park Available Available Recommendations for PA planning as a result of the Socio-economic Available Available Profiling of Mt Isarog and the conduct of a Rapid Rural Appraisal Willing To Pay Survey, Mt Isarog National Park, Recommendations for the Available Available Establishment of Appropriate Entrance Fees Fault Line Found Lying in Mt Isarog National Park Available Available Municipal and Barangay listing in Mt Isarog with area and number of farmers Available Available Assessment of Micro-projects in Mt Isarog National Park Available Available Existing Information on Water Companies in Mt Isarog Available Available Cost and benefit analysis for a beekeeping project Available Available Mt Isarog National Park: Bicol’s Last Environmental Frontier Available Available Minutes of Strategic Planning Framework Development Workshop Available Available Minutes of the 1st PAMB Meeting, CY 1999 Available Available List of City/municipalities and barangays encompassing Mt Isarog National Available Available Park (with Mayors and Barangay Captains) Proceedings of the Phase-in/Phase-out Workshop in Mt Isarog National Park Available Available General Overview of Mt Isarog National Park Available Available MT. ISAROG GIS DATA AVAILABILITY AT PMU ON CD Administrative boundary (barangay level) Available Available Road/tracks/footpath Available Available River/creeks/inland water Available Available Place names Available Available Significant landmarks Available Available 20-meter contour Available Available 100-meter contour Available Available Land cover Available Available Cadastral and Land Status Map Available Available CADC, CALC, CADT, CLOA Available Available Land mapping unit Available Available Protected Area Boundary Available Available Management zones Available Available Major river/water catchment Available Available Present land use Available Available Tourism establishments Available Available Stakeholders Available Available Slope Available Available Participatory 3-dimentional model In Process Available Population density Available Available Annual average growth rate Available Available TABLE 49 MT. MALINDANG DATA BASE MT. MALINDANG DATA AVAILABILITY AT PMU ON CD Participatory 3D Model Available Available

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - NIPAP Final 47 Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001

Baseline Survey in Mt Malindang Mountain Range, Misamis Occidental, 1997 Available Available General Management Plan of Mt Malindang Natural Park, Advance Draft, Available Available Volume I, Description, Analysis and Prescription Mt Malindang Natural Park GMP Executive Summary, Management Manual Available incorporating the Park Management Plan 2001-2003 IEC Strategy for NIPAP Implementation in Mt Malindang National Park, Available Available Misamis Occidental Socio-economic and Cultural Profile of Mt Malindang, Finding and Available Available Recommendations for PA Planning resulting from the conduct of the Rapid Rural Appraisals Mt Malindang National Park Management Strategy Available Available Biodiversity Conservation and Management for Mt Malindang Natural Park Available Available Minutes of the 3rd RDOs Training Workshop in Naga City, Camarines Sur Available Available MT. MALINDANG GIS DATA AVAILABILITY AT PMU ON CD Administrative boundary (barangay level) Available Available Road/tracks/footpath Available Available River/creeks/inland water Available Available Place names Available Available Significant landmarks Available Available 20-meter contour Available Available 100-meter contour Available Available Land cover Available Available Cadastral and Land Status Map Available Available CADC, CALC, CADT, CLOA Available Available Land mapping unit Available Available Protected Area Boundary Available Available Management zones Available Available Major river/water catchment Available Available Present land use Available Available Tourism establishments Available Available Stakeholders Available Available Geology Available Available Slope Available Available Participatory 3-dimentional model Available Available Population density Available Available Annual average growth rate Available Available Potential areas for agriculture Available Available Forest inventory Available Available TABLE 50 MT. PULAG DATA BASE MT. PULAG DATA AVAILABILITY AT PMU ON CD Participatory 3D Model Available Available Baseline Survey Report of Mt. Pulag Available Available Resource Base Inventory Available Available Altitudinal Profile (Vegetation) Available Available Mt Pulag General Management Plan, Advance Draft, Volume I, Description, Available Available Analysis and Prescription List of Appendices, Mt Pulag General Management Plan, Volume II Available IEC Strategy for NIPAP Implementation in Mt Pulag National Park Available Available Recommendations for PA Planning resulting from the Socio-economic Available Available Profiling of the Area of Mt Pulag and the conduct of a Rapid Rural Appraisal

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Biodiversity Monitoring System in Mt Pulag National Park, Phase 1 and Available Available Phase 2 Vertical Profile of Vegetative Cover in Mt Pulag National Park Available Available Biological Environment of Mt Pulag (RBI) Available Available Geo-Physical Environment of Mt Pulag (RBI) Available Available Social Environment of Mt Pulag (RBI) Available Available Establishment of Kalanguya Community Museum in Mt Pulag NP: Results of Available Available a Preliminary Archeological Assessment in Brgy Tawangan, Kabayan, Benguet Report on Area Assessment for the Possible Expansion of Mt Pulag National Available Available Park Identified centers of high importance for biodiversity conservation Available Available Proceedings of the Phase-in/Phase-out Workshop Available Available MT. PULAG GIS DATA AVAILABILITY AT PMU ON CD Administrative boundary (barangay level) Available Available Road/tracks/footpath Available Available River/creeks/inland water Available Available Place names Available Available Significant landmarks Available Available 20-meter contour Available Available 100-meter contour Available Available Land cover Available Available Cadastral and Land Status Map Available Available CADC, CALC, CADT, CLOA Available Available Land mapping unit Available Available Protected Area Boundary Available In Process Management zones Available In Process Major river/water catchment Available In Process Present land use Available In Process Tourism establishments Available In Process Stakeholders Available In Process Geology Available In Process Slope Available In Process Participatory 3-dimentional model Available In Process Population density Available In Process Annual average growth rate Available In Process

3.4.9 Establish IDB at the PMO and PAO - Library The Library is part of the IDB but has special importance in terms of the organization and management of hard data (including press records). 3.4.9.1 Library Outputs TABLE 51 PROGRESS OF LIBRARY WORKS BY MARCH 2001: LIBRARY OUTPUTS PROGRESS FOR PAWB Bibliographic Database 3 bibliographic databases have been developed, the TECSITE Database (1,000 and OPAC (On-line records) composed of documents/references for the 8 sites, the SERIALS Public Access Database (300 titles) composed of magazines, newsletters, and the BOOK Catalogue) Database (612 titles). The Book collection has been indexed and catalogued using the AGROVOC Thesaurus from the FAO. All databases were encoded using the CDS/WIN ISIS library software developed by UNESCO. The database has network capabilities and “Bibliographic Search” stations were piloted and

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - NIPAP Final 49 Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001

LIBRARY OUTPUTS PROGRESS FOR PAWB placed for some library users. Physical Arrangement The book collection is arranged alphabetically by call number for easy retrieval. Call numbers are assigned using the “Cutter Table” system of alphabetizing and arranging books by title and author. 3 additional shelves were added to house the growing number of the library collection. 2 of these shelves have glass doors to house and protect important materials. Acquisition of Adoption of AGROVOC Multilingual Thesaurus as a source of Subject Headings AGROVOC for library materials. The newest edition of AGROVOC was acquired as a gift from the Acquisitions librarian of IRRI from Los Baños. Additional copies of the AGROVOC will be sent to PAOs that are ready to establish their own library collections. Library Inventory So far, the library has distributed 26,000 publications to the PAOs. These include books, serials, multi-media materials, and graphic materials, Suhay, and management strategies. NIPAP publications were also distributed to government agencies and NGOs. New titles that were not included in the previous inventory were surrendered by all the NIPAP sections numbering close to 400 as part of the closure activities. Scanning of pictures Selection and scanning of 6 boxes of pictures to be included in the picture library were completed and made available for viewing and research.. Filing of news articles The filing of news articles was stopped due to important closure activities of NIPAP. Writing the Guidebook 1,000 copies of the “Guide to Establishing a Protected Area Library” were sent to the PAOs and other concerned parties together with other manuals. Sorting of Photos for the The sorting and pasting of pictures into the Photo Albums were completed. A Photo Library total of 9 albums was generated (8 for the sites and 1 for the PMU). Library User’s Guide Done Mailing list Generation of mailing list in coordination with the Sustainability section for the distribution of NIPAP publications. Distribution of GMPs and Done Manuals on the Essentials of Protected Area Management in the Philippines Library training Training and orientation of Mt. Malindang PA staff on the setting-up of a mini- library was conducted in February 2001;. A follow-up training in Mt. Malindang PA office was conducted by the Librarian on March 2001. Training of the PAWB librarian on the use of CD WIN-ISIS software and AGROVOC was conducted from December to March 2001

TABLE 52 LIBRARY OUTPUTS RELATED TO THE EIGHT SITES

GUITING

ENMRPA

GUITING

MSPLS

MIBNP

MMNP

MPNP

Coron

MINP LIBRARY OUTPUTS FOR MT.

PAO

Site Training N/A N/A N/A N/A Done N/A N/A N/A Installation of Software N/A N/A N/A N/A Done N/A N/A N/A Distribution of materials and Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done documents Photo Documentation Done Done Done Done N/A N/A Done Done

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3.4.10 Establish a Geographic Information System (GIS) Part of the MIS – the Management Information System, which covers three activities - GIS, IDB and the Library - each manifested by a sub-section under the management of an MIS Section Head. See subsection 3.4.9, above. The essential mandate of the GIS sub-section was to produce all the thematic maps required to fulfill the establishment of the Pas according to the NIPAS legislation (see subsection 3.3 above) and also to facilitate GMPs (3.4.1). This required primary and secondary research.

Thus the following was completed: a. Collection of necessary prerequisite primary and secondary data; b. Digitization and Vectorization of the relevant base-data for all eight sites, including Digitization of P3D Model data (see 4.4.3, below); c. Generation of requisite maps for site-based activities; d. Technical description of PA boundary needed for Presidential Proclamation e. Development of map design; f. Generation of requisite maps, according to the standard layout, for GMP maps; g. Processing of Metadata (documentation of GIS database) for the IDB, including a complete inventory to enable the correction of historic errors; h. Development of Viewer Files (as graphic - jpeg - files); i. Inventory of maps both digital and analogue.

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TABLE 53 PROGRESS OF GIS MAPPING WORKS BY MARCH 2001

Mt. Guiting Mt.

Malampaya Malampaya

Malindang

Mt. Isarog Mt.

Mt. Pulag Mt.

Mts. Iglit Mts.

Guiting

El Nido El

Sound

Coron

Island

Baco

Mt. Mt. MAPS DATA SET

REQUISITE MAPS FOR NIPAS 13 STEPS Administrative boundary Topographic (barangay level) Done Done Done Done Done Done Done N/a

Road/tracks/footpath Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done

River/creeks/inland water Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done

Place names Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done

Significant landmarks Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done

20-meter contour Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Land cover Cadastral and Land Status Map N/a Done Done Done Done N/a Done Done CADC, CALC, CADT, CLOA Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Land mapping unit Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Completed Protected Area Boundary N/a Done Done Done Done N/a Done Done Ongoing Boundary Delineation Done Done Done Done Done Done Done N/A Zoning (draft) Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Major river/water catchment Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done

SPECIAL MAPS Bathymetric Done Done Done N/A N/A N/A Done N/A Present land use N/a Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Habitat type distribution N/a Done Done N/A N/A N/A Done N/A Tourism establishments (est’ed & proposed) N/A Done Done Done Done Done Done N/A Fishing activity Done Done N/A N/A N/A N/A Done N/A Stakeholders N/A N/A N/A Done Done N/A N/A N/A Mineral claims/application N/A N/A Done N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Geology N/A Done Done N/A Done Done N/A N/A Slope Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done 3-dimentional model Done Done Done Done Done Done Done N/A Digital data from 3D model Done Done Done Done Done Done Done N/A Population density Done Done Done Done Done Done N/A N/A Annual average growth rate Done Done Done Done Done Done N/A N/A Crop suitability N/A Done Done N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Potential areas for agriculture N/A Done Done N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Forest inventory N/A N/A Done N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

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TABLE 54 PROGRESS OF ADDITIONAL GIS WORK FOR YEAR 2000 BY SITE

Mt. GuitingMt. Malampaya

Malindang

Mt. IsarogMt.

Mt. PulagMt.

CoronIs. Mts.Iglit

El Nido El

Guiting

Sound

Baco ACTIVITY Mt.

Data Capture of Topographic Maps (re- Digitization) Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Preparation of Spatial Database Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Inventory of Spatial Database Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Prepare Structure for Metadata Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Update and fill in Metadata Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Restructure Data Directory Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Standardize Map Layout Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Identify Layers for Base Maps Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Create Viewer Files on CD Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Create Data Access for each Site Done Done Done Done Done Done Done Done

3.4.11 Assist DENR/PAWB with Policy Review and Formulation NIPAP assisted DENR/PAWB with policy review and formulation in five significant areas. 3.4.11.1 DAO 98-60 – PAWB Command Whereby NIPAP, in addition to NORDECO and ARCBC were formally placed under PAWB 3.4.11.2 IPAS Technical Co-ordinating Committee NIPAP played a significant role in this particularly in terms of realizing DAO 45 of 2000 (below), the phase-in / phase-out processes of foreign assisted projects and the IPAF (below). See Phase-In/Phase-Out Workshops, subsection 4.8, below. NIPAP’s concluding view of NIPAS is that it is a very good piece of legislation. 3.4.11.3 DAO 45 Series 2000 – PASu Establishment NIPAP was intimately involved in the drafting of DAO 45-2000, signed by the Secretary on June 6, 2000. This defines the duties and responsibilities of the PASus and the lines of command within the DENR set-up: the PASu reports directly to the PENRO. 3.4.11.4 DAO 2001-01 – 3D Modeling Being the institutionalization of 3D Modeling processes for all protected areas. See subsection 4.4.3, below. 3.4.11.5 IPAF NIPAP has had a significant impact on the testing and thinking of the IPAF. See subsections 3.1.2, 3.4.3, 3.4.4 and 3.4.6, above, and 4.1, below.

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3.5 OUTPUT THREE: INCREASED PUBLIC AWARENESS FOR THE NEED TO PROTECT ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY AND INCREASED INVOLVEMENT OF RESIDENT COMMUNITIES IN NATURAL RESOURCE PROTECTION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT

3.5.1 Design and Implement IEC Programmes 3.5.1.1 The Global Work Plan The GWP states that an IEC programme will be designed and implemented, aimed at enhancing the awareness of affected communities as well as the general public in the Programme’s Areas of Interest. The focus will be on social marketing and information sharing at the local level, materials development and promotion of public information campaigns through existing media. 3.5.1.2 Failure In the event, the Directorate feels quite strongly that despite some good hard outputs arising from the IEC component of the project, on the whole, this aspect of NIPAP’s activities were a failure. In the end we failed to get the conservation message across to all sectors of the community. This especially included two groups: certain local - and often powerless – communities, including IP groups1; and policy makers at the top of the government process. There was no clear IEC vision2 or expertise in the project up to 1999, up until when the “IEC Section” produced a variety of documents of variable usefulness and was responsible for a workshops and some training. However, by the time it became clear that the section as a whole was itself ignorant of the most basic facts of ecological dynamics, there was little that the directorate could do to rectify the situation given the limited time available3. There is no doubt that a much more field-based IEC is required; this is discussed in Section Error! Reference source not found. below. Nonetheless, a great deal was incidentally achieved as follows: 3.5.1.3 Training and Workshops See sub-sections 3.4.3, 3.4.4 and 3.4.6, above. 3.5.1.4 Publications 85 documents were published for wide public consumption as set out below.

1 In this respect, the Tagbanua of Coron Island are undoubtedly the best informed but due mainly to the efforts of the NGO, PAFID. Others, particularly the Mangyan of Mts. Iglit and Baco and to a lesser extend isolated IP groups around Mt. Pulag are much more ignorant of the NIPAS processes and the of the long term benefits arising therefrom. 2 With the benefit of hindsight, it seemed that all sectors of the community from local migrant groups to the very top policy makers needed to be aware of the nature of NIPAS/NIPAP as manifesting not some abstract idea about preserving nature but as an essential survival process. Moreover, NIPAP personnel would have needed to have been sensitised to the situation from the beginning; it was not. 3 Efforts to reform the IEC Section led to stiff resistance from the staff concerned who, as a result, attempted to oust the European Co-Director during his leave in October 1999. This cost the project a great deal of valuable time and energy.

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TABLE 55 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PUBLISHED DOCUMENTS Bibliography of Published Documents Protected Area Management Strategies 1 NIPAP. 2000. Management Strategy for Mt. Malindang 2 NIPAP. 2000. Management Strategy for Mt. Isarog 3 NIPAP. 2000. Pamaagi sa Pagdumala sa Bukid Malindang 4 NIPAP. 2000. Mt. Pulag Management Framework 5 NIPAP. 2000. Pamamaraan Pamamahala sa El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area 6 NIPAP. 2000. Management Framework for El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area 7 NIPAP. 2000. Management Strategy for Mt. Guiting-Guiting 8 NIPAP. 2000. Istrattehiya kan Pagmanehar sa Bukid Isarog 9 NIPAP. 2000. Pamamaraan ng Panganasiwa ng Malampaya Sound Protected Land and Seascape 10 NIPAP. 2000. Management Strategy for Malampaya Sound Protected Land and Seascape 11 NIPAP. 2000. Stratehiyang Pamamahala sa Mt. Guiting-Guiting Natural Park 12 NIPAP. 2000. Wagas iti Panamanehar iti Pulag National Park 13 NIPAP. 2001. Pamamaraan ng Pamamahala sa Mts. Iglit-Baco National Park Suhay Newsletter 14 Suhay Vol. 1, No. 1 (1997) 15 Suhay Vol. 1, No. 2 (1997) 16 Suhay Vol. 2, No. 1 (1998) 17 Suhay Vol. 2, No. 2 (1998) 18 Suhay Vol. 2, No. 3 (1998) 19 Suhay Vol. 2, No. 4 (1998) 20 Suhay Vol. 3, No. 1 (1999) 21 Suhay Vol. 3, No. 2 (1999) 22 Suhay Vol. 3, No. 3 (1999), ISSN 1655-0471 23 Suhay Vol. 3, No. 4 (1999), ISSN 1655-0471 24 Suhay Vol. 4, No. 2 (2000), ISSN 1655-0471 25 Suhay Vol. 4, No. 3 (2000), ISSN 1655-0471 26 Suhay Vol. 4, No. 1 (2000), ISSN 1655-0471 Publications on International Journals 27 RAMBALDI G., FERNAN M. L. and SIAR S.V. (1998). Participatory Resource Mapping: a Tool for Community-based Coastal Resource Management, Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development, Vol. 92, No. 1, pages 69-79, Istituto Agronomico per l'Oltremare 28 RAMBALDI G., FERNAN M. L. and SIAR S.V. (1998). Resource Mapping, Stratified Resource Mapping and Two-Stage Resource Mapping in: Participatory Methods for Community-based Coastal Resource Management, Vol. 2, 222 - 235, IIRR, IDRC, CIDA. 29 RAMBALDI G. (1997). Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) as a Tool to Integrating People's Participation in Protected Areas Management Planning in the Philippines. SYLVATROP, Vol. 7 (1&2): 28-39. 30 RAMBALDI G., MENDOZA M. and RAMIREZ F. 2000. Adding the 4th Dimension to Participatory 3-D Modeling, PLA Notes No. 39: 19-24, IIED, London, UK

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Bibliography of Published Documents 31 RAMBALDI G. and CALLOSA TARR J. 2000. Exploring the Synergies of GIS and Participatory 3-D Modeling to Increase Local Communication Capacity. Paper presented at the 5th International Seminar on GIS and Developing Countries, GISDECO 2000, International Rice Research Institute, 2-3 November 2000. Essentials of Protected Area Management in the Philippines 32 SIMPSON S. and BUGNA S. 2001. Biodiversity, Conservation and the Community, Essentials of Protected Area Management in the Philippines, Vol. 1. NIPAP, PAWB-DENR, Philippines. (ISBN 971-8986-23-5) 33 ASHTON JONES N. 2000. A Guide to Understanding the Environment; Essentials of Protected Area Management in the Philippines, Vol. 2. NIPAP, PAWB-DENR, Philippines. (ISBN 971- 8986-25-1) 34 ASHTON JONES N. 2000. Ecological Glossary for Protected Area Managers; Essentials of Protected Area Management in the Philippines, Vol. 3. NIPAP, PAWB-DENR, Philippines. (ISBN 971-8986-26-X) 35 SIMPSON S. and BUGNA S. 2001. Handbook for Protected Area Rangers and Field Officers; Essentials of Protected Area Management in the Philippines, Vol. 6. NIPAP, PAWB-DENR, Philippines. (ISBN 971-8986-31-6) 36 RAMBALDI G. and CALLOSA J. 2000. Manual on Participatory 3-Dimensional Modeling; Essentials of Protected Area Management in the Philippines, Vol. 7. NIPAP, PAWB-DENR, Philippines. (ISBN 971-8986-21-9) 37 MACEDA E. 2000. Guide to Establishing a Protected Area Library Essentials of Protected Area Management in the Philippines, Vol. 8. NIPAP, PAWB-DENR, Philippines. (ISBN 8986-36-7) 38 BACUDO I., AGLIONBY J., RAMBALDI G., MATSUURA P. and BLASTIQUE T. 2001. Handbook for the Establishment and Management of Integrated Protected Area Sub-funds. Essentials of Protected Area Management in the Philippines, Vol. 10. NIPAP, PAWB-DENR, Philippines. (ISBN 971-8986-32-4) 39 BONPIN, T.T., PEREZ A.G. and ASSOCIATES. 2000. Primer on Criminal Procedure for Violations in Protected Areas. Essentials of Protected Area Management in the Philippines, Vol. 11. NIPAP, PAWB-DENR, Philippines. (ISBN 971-8986-29-4) 40 BONPIN T.T., et al. 2000. Paralegal Training Manual for Protected Areas. Essentials of Protected Area Management in the Philippines, Vol. 12. NIPAP, PAWB-DENR, Philippines. (ISBN 971-8986-37-5) 41 BONPIN T.T., PEREZ A.G. and ASSOCIATES. 2000. Primer on Administrative Procedure for Violations in Protected Areas. Essentials of Protected Area Management in the Philippines, Vol. 13. NIPAP, PAWB-DENR, Philippines. (ISBN 971-8986-28-6) Brochures/leaflets 42 NIPAP Project Profile (1996) – English 43 NIPAP “Preserving nature for the children of tomorrow” (1998) - English 44 Important facts about the NIPAS ACT (1998) – English version (leaflet) 45 Important facts about the NIPAS ACT (1998) – Tagalog version (leaflet) 46 The Goals and Objectives of NIPAP (1998) –Tagalog version 47 Mga Gawain at Tungkulin ng NIPAP (1998) - Tagalog 48 Ano ang kahulugan ng mga “Management Zones”, 1998 - Tagalog 49 The Management Zones in a Protected Area (1998) 50 Know and Understand all about Biodiversity (1998) - English 51 El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area (Flyer; year 2001) 52 Mt. Guiting-Guiting Natural Park (flyer; year 2001)

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Bibliography of Published Documents 53 Mt. Malindang Natural Park (flyer; year 2001) 54 Mt. Isarog Natural Park (flyer; year 2001) 55 Mt. Isarog Natural Park (quick reference guide; year 2001) Post Cards 56 Mt. Pulag (postcard) (year 1998) 57 Mt. Isarog (postcard) (year 1998) 58 Mts. Iglit-Baco (postcard) (year 1998) 59 Mt. Guiting-guiting (postcard) (year 1998) 60 Coron Island (postcard) (year 1998) 61 El Nido (postcard) (year 1998) 62 Malampaya (postcard) (year 1998) 63 Mt. Malindang (postcard) (year 1998) Calendars 64 Year 1999 65 Year 2000 Annual Report to the Public 66 Year 1996 67 Year 1997 68 Year 1998 69 Year 1999 70 Year 2000 Posters 71 "Magkaisa - Magtulungan" (Year 1999) 72 "Sigurado Ang Bukas…kapag sa Kalikasan ay May Malasakit" (Year 1999) 73 "Unti-unti Mong Nilalason ang Anak Mo!" (Year 1999) 74 "Alagaan Mo ang Kalikasan…At Hindi Ka Nito Pababayaan" (Year 1999) 75 "Gusto Mo Bang Mangyari Ito sa Pamilya Mo?" (Year 1999) 76 "Pakaingatan Natin…Tanging Pamana sa Bagong Henerasyon" (Year 19990 Flip Charts with steel stands (re: NIPAS Act, NIPAP, Biodiversity, PA Management) 77 El Nido Marine Reserve, 1999 – Tagalog 78 Mt. Pulag National Park (1999) – English 79 Mt. Malindang Natural Park (1999) – Visayan 80 Mt. Isarog Natural Park (1999) – English 81 Mt. Guiting-Guiting Natural Park (1999) – Tagalog 82 Mts. Iglit & Baco National Park (1999) – Tagalog 83 Malampaya Sound (1999) – Tagalog 84 Coron Island (1999) – Tagalog 85 Posters (for Exhibit) – One set – 10 pieces (depicting all NIPAP sites) (1999)

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3.5.2 Provide Alternative Livelihood Activities to Selected Communities Around Protected Areas and Initiate Sustainable Livelihood Projects In Accordance with the Intentions of the NIPAS Act 3.5.2.1 History, 1995-1999 The NIPAP Global Work Plan of 1995 specified that NIPAP would include the Promotion of Alternative Livelihood Activities, involving the following processes: ➢ Participatory Rural Appraisals (PRA), following on from Rapid Rural Appraisals (RRA) – including NGOs. ➢ The outcome of the PRAs were expected to be community designed micro-projects, including arrangements for implementation and monitoring. ➢ The program would support only a limited number of micro-projects, favouring those that would reduce pressure on the PA’s natural resources. ➢ Partner NGOs were supposed to have been in charge of field operations (in the event, they were only involved in the RRA). ➢ Alternative funding would be sought. The policy was further refined in the concept paper, Livelihood, Resource Use and Community Development Component (on the CD). Thus: ➢ A Livelihood Section was set up in the PMU with activities focusing on three mountain sites: Mt. Isarog, Mt. Malindang and Mt. Pulag. Staffing in the PMU included a European TA, an Anthropologist and a Senior Rural Development Officer. Rural Development Officers (RDOs) were recruited for the three sites, supervised by the Protected Area Superintendents (PASu). ➢ In addition, a very valuable guide was produced: Guidelines for Monitoring and Evaluating the Livelihood, Resource Use and Community Development Component and for Compiling a Micro-Project Proposal (on the CD). ➢ The aim remained that local NGOs should take over monitoring and support of the micro-projects. This was not seen as a problem for Mt. Malindang and Mt. Isarog where CARE Philippines and other NGOs were and are significantly supporting protection but the situation is problematic at Mt. Pulag where there is no significant NGO support. A summary of the outreach is shown in Error! Reference source not found. on page 113. 3.5.2.2 History, Post 1999 ➢ With the completion of the TA Agronomist 36 month contract in September 1999, and the establishment of the Livelihood processes on the site, the PMU Livelihood Section was wound down with responsibility being delegated to the site RDOs, supervised by the PASus. This happened in the second half of 1999 (see sub-section 2.2.9, above). ➢ However, it was also clear that the PASu’s and their RDOs were not completely self- sufficient in their ability to financially manage their micro-projects or to supply information to the PMU as part of the monitoring process. Therefore, the Senior RDO was maintained as a Monitor, to be based at Mt. Isarog because this site had the most micro- projects and because the micro-projects at Mt. Malindang were being taken over by the CARE Philippines Mt. Malindang project (AWESOME). ➢ The Senior RDO left NIPAP to work for an NGO at the end of the June 2000.

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3.5.2.3 Summary of Livelihood Activities TABLE 56 MICRO-PROJECTS SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES

% “Project”1 % “Program”2 Site Submitted Approved Rejected Funds Disbursed Funds Disbursed Malampaya Sound 1 1 0 100% 100% Mt. Isarog 42 25 17 100% 50% Mt. Malindang 12 11 1 100% 90% Mt. Pulag 11 10 1 100% 48% TOTAL 66 47 19 TABLE 57 MICRO PROJECTS BUDGET

Funds Project Cross Expenses Site Training IEC Total Transferr Balance Funds Visits Replenish ed

MPNP 139,300.00 194,399.00 25,000.00 5,000.00 363,699.00 49,862.00 246,537.00 67,300.00

MINP 581,746.19 294,058.00 45,500.00 73,500.00 994,804.19 258,737.88 596,567.69 139,498.62

MMNP 258,266.00 81,000.00 27,570.00 20,000.00 386,836.00 153,922.59 207,359.00 25,554.41

TOTAL 979,312.19 569,457.00 98,070.00 98,500.00 1,745,339.19 462,522.47 1,050,463.69 232,353.03 TOTAL BUDGET PhP 1,745,339.19

EXPENSES REPLENISHED PhP 462,522.47 FUNDS TRANSFERRED PhP 1,050,463.69

BALANCE PhP 232,353.03

3.5.2.4 Pre-Completion Assessment of the Livelihood Project The success, or otherwise, of the Livelihood activities at Mt. Isarog was considered to be indicative of the validity of the NIPAP livelihood program and approach as a whole. Therefore, a consultant was employed who undertook: ➢ To investigate and report on the state of the NIPAP livelihood project related to the Mt. Isarog National Park. ➢ To feel free to recommend a Way Forward, although this is not essential. ➢ To report to the NIPAP Directorate, upon the assumption that the Directorate has become quite ignorant about what is going on in terms of the Mt. Isarog livelihood program. The outcome of the report is summarized on in Appendix 7 on page 114. It reinforces the Directorate view about the relevance of livelihood projects. 3.5.2.5 The Relevance of the Livelihood Projects The Directorate view is that the micro-project part of NIPAP was irrelevant to the primary activity of establishing projected areas within the NIPAS legislation. At best it may have bribed some communities to accept NIPAP and provided a bit of extra income for a few people. At worst it may have distracted local farmers from their primary activity of struggling to survive in a natural and political world that is not sympathetic towards them. Moreover, to

1 Micro-Project Direct Expenses. 2 Incidental Expenses such as IEC and Cross Visits.

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - NIPAP Final 59 Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 suggest that the micro-projects are pilot projects is rather beside the point because pilot projects indicate follow-up activities; there never was an intention to follow up on the NIPAP livelihood component. Notwithstanding this view, however, there is undoubtedly a need to tackle the livelihood problem in some way because it is the demands on protected areas being made by the poor people living around them that are causing them to shrink. Their economic needs must be met and it is unjust to expect poor local people to bear the costs of PA establishment. All the same, the answers are far beyond the abilities of NIPAP to supply; beyond, in fact, any type of unilateral project that has to operate in a national economy (and society) that needs to radically re-structure to solve the problem of rural poverty. One might suggest, even, that the solution is even beyond the nation, given the nature of the globalized economy in which it is forced to operate. Moreover, well run an successful small projects can serve to bring marginalized local people into the orbit of the project.

3.5.3 Enhance Participation of Indigenous Peoples in Conservation Activities This cannot be considered to have been an unqualified success because of the failure, in this area, of the IEC programme (see 3.5, above). Two main areas of activity can, nonetheless, be recognized: 3.5.3.1 The Socio Economic Surveys Socio Economic Surveys were available for seven of the eight NIPAP sites (see 3.3.2, above), Mts. Iglit-Baco being the exception. All were produced by or directed by NIPAP with the exception of Coron Island. TABLE 58 KNOWLEDGE OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE SITE SUMMARY OF KNOWLEDGE Coron Island Indigenous People: Tagbanua Ancestral Domains: ▪ R04-CADC-134, Coron, Palawan, 22,284 ha – Tagbanua El Nido Indigenous People: Tagbanua Ancestral Lands: ▪ CALC application Sitio Patuyo, Barangay Bucana. Malampaya Indigenous People: Tagbanua Sound Ancestral Lands: ▪ CALC: Sitio Yakal, Barangay new Guinlo, 791 ha – Tagbanua Ancestral Domains: Ancestral Domains: ▪ R04-CADC-121: San Vicente, Palawan, 2060 ha, - Tagbanua Mt. Guiting- Indigenous People: Sibuyan Mangyan-Tagabukid Guiting Ancestral Domains: ▪ Application filed by the Tagabukid (Sibuyan Mangyan) claiming 7,905 ha within the protected area in the municipalities of Cajidiocan and San Fernando.

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Mts. Iglit & Indigenous People: Mangyan, including: Iraya, Alangan, Batangan, Hanunuo, Baco Ratagnon, Taayawan, Buhid (Tao Buhid) Ancestral Domains: ▪ R04-CADC-130: San Jose, Rizal, Calintaan, Sablayan, Bongabong, Bansud, Roxas and Mansalay, 94,022 ha – Buhid Mangyan ▪ R04-CADC-125: Pinamalayan, Gloria and Socorro, Oriental Mindoro, 21,000 ha -Tao Buhid ▪ R04-CADC-123: Gloria and Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro, 3,750 ha –Tadyawan Mangyan Mt. Isarog Indigenous People: Agta Tabangnon and Agta Cimarron Ancestral Domains: ▪ R05-CADC-062: Goa, Camarines Sur, 9,226 ha - Agta Tabangnon and Agta Cimarron ▪ R05-CADC-092: Ocampo, Camarines Sur, 4,118 ha - Agta Tabangnon and Agta Cimarron ▪ R05-CADC-098: Tigaon, Camarines Sur, 4,794 ha - Agta Tabangnon and Agta Cimarron Mt. Indigenous People: Subanen Malindang Ancestral Domains: ▪ R10-CADC-082: Bonifacio, Misamis Occidental, 5,642 ha – Subanen ▪ R10-CADC-083: Clarin, Misamis Occidental, 3,519 ha – Subanen ▪ R10-CADC-084: Jimenez, Misamis Occidental, 4,732 ha – Subanen ▪ R10-CADC-089: Tudela, Misamis Occidental, 4,539 ha – Subanen ▪ R10-CADC-159: Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental, 2,967 ha – Subanen ▪ R10-CADC-160: Lopez Jaena, Misamis Occidental, 4,715 ha – Subanen ▪ R10-CADC-163: Oroquieta City, Misamis Occidental, 6230 ha, Subanen Mt. Pulag Indigenous People: Kalanguya, Ibaloi, Kankana-ey, Karao and Ifugao Ancestral Domains: ▪ CAR-CADC-037: (Kabayan, Benguet; 27, 252 ha), Kalanguya, Ibaloi and Kankana-ey ▪ CAR-CADC-036: (Tinoc, Ifugao; 27,787 ha), Kalanguya ▪ CAR-CADC-072: (Buguias, Benguet; 18,185 ha): Kalanguya and Kankana-ey ▪ CAR-CADC-150: (Bokod, Benguet; 42,946 ha): Kalanguya, Karao, Ibaloi

3.5.3.2 PAMB Membership A special effort has been made to ensure IP representation on the PAMBs, although this does not by any means guarantee IP influence. For more details see subsection 4.2, below.

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TABLE 59 SUMMARY OF IP PAMB MEMBERSHIP PAMB % Members % Members Comments FOR:- Representing who are IPs IP Groups Coron Island No PAMB. Dispute over the PAMB composition. Recommended 12 members, composed of 6 Tagbanuas and the rest are representatives of DENR, LGU & NGOs. El Nido 4% 4% 23 members legally appointed as of 22 Dec. 2000. 1 of 23 1 of 23 Appointment of one (1) additional IP representative being processed. Malampaya 7% 9% 46 members (appointments are currently being Sound 3 of 46 4 of 46 processed). Mt. Guiting- 4% 4% 26 members legally appointed as of 15 December Guiting 1 of 26 1 of 26 1998. Appointment of three (3) additional IP members being processed. Mts. Iglit & 10% 19% 21 members legally appointed as of 22 December Baco 2 of 21 4 of 21 2000. Mt. Isarog 6% 6% 36 members legally appointed as of 28 February 2 of 36 2 of 36 2000. Mt. 17% 21% 52 members legally appointed as of 23 January 2001. Malindang 9 of 52 11 of 52 Appointment of two (2) additional IP representatives being processed. Mt. Pulag 10% 76% 21 members legally appointed as of 23 March 2000. 2 of 21 16 of 21 Appointments of ten (10) additional IP members being processed.

3.5.3.3 Coron Island The outstanding example of IP involvement in conservation processes is the Tagbanua of Coron Island. Thanks to the paternalistic and concentrated efforts of one NGO, PAFID, the Tagbanua Foundation has produced its own GMP and is effectively protecting the island in its own terms.

3.5.4 Initiate Pilot Community-based Forestry Activities (on Sibuyan Island) The NIPAP in coordination with Mabuhay Foundation, an NGO based in Magdiwang, organized Bantay Kalikasan (BAKAL) a Community-based Forest Protection Committee on July 27, 2000. This committee started with 23 members coming from the three municipalities in the island of Sibuyan. Membership increased to 43 in October of the same year. They were given training on Basic Paralegal and workshop on Environmental Protection, Conservation and Preservation together with Values Formation and Team Building. At present the committee has 49 volunteer members. All their activities in protected area protection are coordinated to the local DENR, PASu, PAMB and LGU. They are formally hand over to the PASu for direct supervision last March 4, 2001 during the PAMB Enbanc meeting. The DENR R4 is facilitating the deputization of BAKAL members.

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3.5.5 Establish Linkages and Maintain Co-ordination with NGOs, POs, LGUs, and Other Stakeholders 3.5.5.1 How it was done In 1998 NIPAP was being roundly criticized for acting independently of NGOs, LGUs and DENR Regional Offices. This was rectified in the 1999 and 2000 Annual Work Plans in three ways: ➢ By ensuring NGO and LGU representation on the PAMBs (and, incidentally, by ensuring regular PAMB meetings). ➢ By developing a mailing list which included Aid Agencies and Foreign Missions, DENR offices, other Government Agencies including Governors’ offices, Local Government offices, NGOs (local and international), other EU supported projects and other interested organizations. At the end of 2000 the mailing list contained 623 references and was continuing to grow. In addition, the PAOs receive quantities of publications to satisfy their own mailing lists (each PAO satisfactorily satisfied the PMU request to set up their own mailing lists). ➢ By ensuring that NGOs, LGUs and regional DENR offices took part in the Phase In / Phase Out processes (see Section 4, below). In addition, the Directorate, the Coordinators and Section Heads made a special effort to personally work closely with NGOs. This appears to have paid off. 3.5.5.2 Indicators – PAMB Membership For more details see subsection 4.2, below. TABLE 60 SUMMARY OF NGO AND LGU PAMB MEMBERSHIP BY NAME

Enbanc on PAMB Represented Municipalities Citiesand Execo on PAMB Represented Municipalities Citiesand Execom on PAMB Represented Barangays Execom on PAMB Represented Barangays Summary of NGOs Represented on PAMB NGOs NGO and

Enbanc Represented on m

LGU PAMB PAMB Execom Membership by Name

Coron Island None None None None None None El Nido PRRM PRRM 2 of 2 2 of 2 20 of 21 None Haribon Tagbanua Tribal El Nido El Nido ENFI (El Nido Foundation Inc.) Community Taytay Taytay CRRAEN (Cottage, Resorts and ENFI Restaurants Assoc. of El Nido) CRRAEN ENDA (El Nido Divers Association) Women’s ENPOOA (El Nido Pumpboat Federation Operators and Owners Association) ENTODA (El Nido Tricycle Operators and Drivers Association) Fishermen’s Association Women’s Federation Tagbanua Tribal Community

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Enbanc Represented on m

LGU PAMB PAMB Execom Membership by Name

Malampaya PNNI (Palawan NGO Network Ya Boces Ka 2 of 2 2 of 2 22 of 22 6 Sound Inc.) Katutubo sa Sitio Taytay Taytay Yakal PMPC (Pancol Multi-Purpose San Vicente San Vicente Cooperative) PNNI (Palawan

LUCMA (Liminangcong-Upper NGO Network Cataban Minorities Association) Inc.) Ya Boces Ka Katutubo sa Sitio FEEDERS Yakal Piglas Ka MSSFPC (Malampaya Sound Kasama Small Fishermen Producers Cooperative) FEEDERS Piglas Ka Kasama Mt. Guiting- KKP-WWF KKP-WWF 3 of 3 2 of 3 16 of 161 1 Guiting Magcaisa Magcaisa Magdiwang Cajidiocan SICOPO (Sibuyan Coalition of SICOPO Cajidiocan San POs) Bakal San Fernando Fernando Bakal (Bantay-Kalikasan) Women’s League Mts. Iglit & KMFI (Kalikasan Mindoro KMFI Baco Foundation Inc.) YEAR (Youth for Environmental Action and Restoration) Tamaraw Development Foundation Inc. Mt. Isarog CARE CARE 7 of 7 2 of 7 23 of 23 1 ANIS (Anduyog Isarog) PWAD Naga City Naga City PWAD (Pili Water District) Pili Pili Ocampo Ocampo Agta Community Goa Tigaon Agta Community Tigaon Calabanga Tinambac

1 There are only 15 Brgys. within the PA. However, Brgy. Agsao, which is outside the PA but within the buffer zone, is represented in the PAMB.

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Enbanc Represented on m

LGU PAMB PAMB Execom Membership by Name

Mt. CARE-Awesome CARE-Awesome 19 of 191 6 of 19 24 of 62 None Malindang BEA (Bukagan Ecological MOFECO Don Victoriano Association) Lopez Jaena Lopez MOFECO (Misamis Occidental Jimenez Federation of Cooperatives) Jaena Bonifacio Clarin TRICAP (Tribal Community Ozamis Association of the Philippines) Calamba Sinacaban Tambulig Don Mutia Victoriano Sapang Dalaga Calamba Pana-on Aloran Clarin Tudela Tangub Baliangao

MECA Municipalities Josefina La Libertad Pinan Tambulig Mutia Mt. Pulag KADEGI (Kabayan None2 4 of 5 None 14 of 14 None Development Inc.) Kabayan CONCORED Tinoc Buguias Bokod

1 There are only 14 municipalities within the PA. Five municipalities belonging to the Malindang Ecological Convergence Area (MECA) requested seats in the PAMB. Mt. Malindang is the water source of these municipalities in Zamboanga del Sur and Zamboanga del Norte 2 PAMB Execom has not yet been convened

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3.5.5.3 Indicators – NGO and Aid Agency Partnerships TABLE 61 SUMMARY OF PARTNER ORGANIZATIONS COLLABORATING WITH THE PAOS

Site Name Mission Statement and Policy

Coron Working with indigenous cultural communities to ensure the tenurial rights of PAFID Island these communities over their homelands. Conservation To protects the earth’s biologically richest areas and helps people who live

International there to improve their quality of life. A pro-active NGO supporting the sustainable development of the El Nido El Nido community through public and private sector partnership based on shared El Nido Foundation objectives and cooperative efforts in order to encourage developmental initiatives among the people To stop, and eventually reverse the accelerating degradation of the natural KKP/WWF environment in the Philippines, and to help build a future in which Filipinos live in harmony with nature. Engaged in the design and implementation of community and habitat PRRM development programs in the Philippines. Malampaya Involved in the preservation of ecological equilibrium and sustainable, ESSC equitable use of the world’s resources through scientific research, community Sound involvement and policy dialogue. Democracy objective of “broadened participation in the formulation and implementation of public policy geared towards integrated family planning, USAID sustainable management of the environment, and broadened citizen participation in Philippine democracy”. Mt. Guiting- To stop, and eventually reverse the accelerating degradation of the natural KKP/WWF environment in the Philippines, and to help build a future in which Filipinos live Guiting in harmony with nature. Magcaisa NGO cooperative of Municipalities aiming to improve the lives of Sibuyanites Mts. Iglit Fauna and Helps conservation organizations in different parts of the world to develop the and Baco Flora ability to implement effective conservation projects. Conservation A field-based, non-profit organization that protects the earth’s biologically

International richest areas and helps people who live there to improve their quality of life. Care Serves marginalized groups such as smallholder farmers, fisher-folk, livestock Mt. Isarog Philippines producers, micro-entrepreneurs and women of reproductive age. Pili Water Potential contribution in kind in appropriating certain portion of watershed as

District under their care for patrolling and rehabilitation. Mt. Care Serves marginalized groups such as smallholder farmers, fisher-folk, livestock Malindang Philippines producers, micro-entrepreneurs and women of reproductive age. PALS Promotes sustainable production systems. (AusAid) SEARCA Philippine-Dutch Biodiversity Research Programme Mandated by virtue of Executive Order No 125 to oversee and manage the Office of the government’s comprehensive peace process. The involvement of the Office in Presidential the Cordilleras, particularly in boundary conflict resolution, is anchored on the Mt. Pulag Advisor on four-point peace and development framework of the region, which was the Peace formulated in a series of consultative meetings of the Cordillera peace Process partners in 1996. The agenda consists of the following components: autonomy; ancestral domain; cultural integrity and healing and reconciliation. 3.5.5.4 Indicators – Phase In / Phase Out See Section 4, below

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4 SUSTAINABILITY PROCESSES

A primary objective of NIPAP in its final year was to assure a smooth and efficient transition from the current Project to a future post-Project scenario. Thus, a series of critical sustainability factors were identified and monitored: ➢ Existence of site-based functional Integrated Protected Area Sub-Funds (IPAFs); ➢ Legally established and functional PAMBs; ➢ PAOs fully integrated into the regular activities of the DENR Regional Offices; ➢ Integrated qualified contractual staff into the regular function of the DENR or other PA- Concerned Bodies; ➢ Availability of sufficient financial resources to assure the day-to-day operations of the Protected Area Offices; ➢ Availability of funding from sources other than the DENR; ➢ Availability of ready-to-use manuals and other key documents. Moreover, the specific aims of the Extension, September 2000 to March 2001 included: ➢ Efforts to improve sustainability confidence at all sites; ➢ Post NIPAP fund-raising and preparation of project proposals; ➢ In association with PAWB and ARCBC:  State-of-the-art Information Technology Centre established.  Mini IT Centre set up in purpose built PAOs.  Web site established.

4.1 THE INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREA FUNDS IPAF Subaccount Balance (IPAF) (Dec. 99- Dec. 00) 800 A site-specific assessment of the 700 operational status of the IPAF was 600 conducted at the beginning of 2001, a 500 monitoring system having been set up to 400 stimulate action at PA level. Over the year 2000, the total funds collected by the five

'000PHP 300 sites that operated the IPAF increased 200 from P 215,000 to P 732,000; an increase 100 of 240%. 0 Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct - Nov- Dec- Mt. Pulag National Park was the most 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 successful followed by Mt. Isarog. The pattern of fee collection in these two sites All Sites has been steady, suggesting an efficient operation of the IPAF. During the last quarter of 2000, the number of designated Special Collecting Officers remained at four, despite consistent efforts made by the PMU to speed up bureaucratic procedures at regional level. However, improvements occurred in terms of setting or adjusting fee systems: Mt. Guiting-Guiting diversified the existing system, MMNP introduced it and MPNP and MINP updated their rates. Additional IPAF related activities include:

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➢ the production of manuals1, see subsection 4.7, below; ➢ the conduct of specific training, see subsection 4.4, below; and ➢ technical assistance provided to the TFCI in establishing a fee system.

4.2 THE PROTECTED AREAS MANAGEMENT BOARDS (PAMB) See subsections 3.4.6, 3.5.3.2 and 3.5.5.2, above. Few months are left for assuring full functionality of all PAMBs. Some Boards have been recreated, after cessation of the 5-year terms of the previously appointed ones. In line with the indicators of the Logical Framework, the section set up an ad-hoc monitoring system for measuring the performance and level of organization of the single boards. The current number of PAMB members2 is 311, but only 83 are legally appointed, although 70 more have complied with all requirements. Their applications have been signed by the REDs concerned and are awaiting endorsement by the DENR Secretary, most since March3. While on paper the appointment procedure4 appears to be a straightforward course of action, reality is different. NIPAP experience shows that it may take even one year for applicants to get their appointment. Delays are accrued at various levels, starting from the production of the documents required for the submission of the application, throughout the Be or not to Be? winding path leading from the PASu to the 16 OSEC, passing via the RED and PAWB. 14 83% 83% 78% 100% 90% 100% 100% 12 Most sites met regularly, Enbanc meetings 10 generally prevailing over Execom. Quorums 8 were achieved as left. 6 An analysis of the composition of the boards 4 confirms that the presence of mayors and 2 No. of PAMB meetings Sangguniang Bayan members on the 0 ExeCom is related to higher levels of

MINP MPNP MIBNP MMNP investment by the local governments on MSSLPA MGGNP ENTMRPA environment-related matters. EnBanc ExeCom Meetings with quorum Quorum met (%)

1 The first, produced as a joint-effort PAWB/NIPAP and called Handbook on Establishment and Management of the Integrated Protected Area Sub-Fund, builds on the experience gained over three years in establishing the IPAF in eight protected areas. It deals with procedural matters, provides a financial and economic insight into the various aspects of fund management, answers questions from the field and supplies guidelines for budget preparation according to government prescriptions. The second document is a trainers’ training manual targeting those who will have to train the next generations of PAMBs. It builds on two-year experience in delivering IPAF orientations and training to protected area management boards. 2 The figure includes legally appointed PAMB members and applicants participating to the boards meetings, but having no right of vote. 3 Recent inquiries suggest that many papers have been lost within the DENR/PAWB. 4 NIPAP prepared guidelines on how to deal with the appointment procedure and distributed these to all NIPAP Protected Area Offices.

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4.3 THE PAO/PASU IN THE DENR ORGANIZATION See 3.4.11.1, above. DAO 45 Series 2000 signed by the Secretary on June 6, 2000 defines the duties and responsibilities of the PASus and the lines of command within the DENR: the PASu reports directly to the PENRO. NIPAP contributed to the issuance of the DAO in providing comments and advise. The Project feels that the outcome is very satisfactory. To facilitate the full integration of the PAOs into the DENR operational structure, the Institution Specialist assessed the 19991 reorganization of the DENR Regional Offices, (Regions IV, V, X and CAR) and their functional relations with the PAOs. The findings have been discussed during the Phase-In Workshops and served as the basis for defining the Post-NIPAP organizational structures.

4.4 TRANSFER OF SKILLS TO THE EXECUTING AGENCY AND OTHER PARTIES CONCERNED See, also, 3.4.1, 3.4.2, 3.4.3 and 3.4.4 above.

4.4.1 Summary of Workshops and Training for the Year 2000 1268 workshop units were delivered of which 31% were women and 1193 training units were delivered of which 34% were women. NIPAP, PAWB and DENR-FASPO forged increasingly cohesive working groups and are now disseminating the acquired knowledge, systems and skills to a wider audience including DENR, Special Projects under DENR, LGUs and PAMBs. There are four training programs, which translate this knowledge into practice as shown in the table below and discussed in the follow-up sections:

TABLE 62 FORMAL TRAINING ORGANIZED JOINTLY BY NIPAP, PAWB AND OTHER AGENCIES

Malindang Malampay

Mt. IsarogMt.

Mt. PulagMt.

Guiting

Central Nido El

Guiting

Coron

Iglit&

Baco

level

Mt. Mt. FORMAL TRAINING AND AS % OF a

ACCOMPLISHMENT -

Installation of Biodiversity Monitoring System (BMS) (Phase 1 and 2) 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% Installation of Biodiversity Monitoring System (BMS) (Phase 3, 4 and 5) 0% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 0% 0%

Training on P 3-Dimensional Modeling 100% 100%

IPAF Training (part 1) 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

IPAF Training (part 2) 0% 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100%

Fund Raising (fundamentals) 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

1 DAO 52, S-99 (December 15, 1999) “Prescribing a Detailed Definition of the Functions for The Realigned Regional Divisions” modified the previous functions and alignment of the DENR Regional and Field Offices.

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4.4.2 Installation of the Biodiversity Monitoring System See, also, 3.4.7.3, above. The Biodiversity Monitoring System designed within the framework of the World Bank- funded Technical Assistance for Improving Biodiversity Conservation in Protected Areas of the Philippines project has been installed in six NIPAP sites. This implied the training of PAO and DENR staff from the Regional, Provincial and Community offices to grant continuity to the system. The status of implementation is shown in Table 62 and details are provided in the Table 63, below. TABLE 63 ALL SITES - DETAILS OF TRAINING DELIVERED FOR INSTALLING THE BMS SYSTEM Participating Participants Date BMS TRAINING Trainers/facilitators Location organizations and (No.) /duration positions Total M F Basic Ecology February 10, Mt. Isarog: Naga Community and LGU T. de la Cruz Training 2000 City Agawam 25 15 10 Installation of the Mt. Isarog: CENRO, LGU, PAO PASu Biodiversity M.A. Hidalgo (NIPAP), P. February 15- Peñafrancia and PAO Rangers and Monitoring Systems Alveoli (NORDECO) 17, 2000 Resort, Naga 9 6 3 Staff Phase 3 City Installation of the Mt. Pulag: DENR (PAWB, PAWD, Biodiversity M.A. Hidalgo (Training February 20- Bashoy, PENRO, CENRO, PAOs Monitoring System Specialist), R. Pine (EMS) 26, 2000 Teltelpok and MPNP and MT. GUITING- 23 13 10 (Phase 1 and 2) Abokot GUITING) Mt. Isarog: Orientation on M. Reyes /T. de la Cruz 20 March, Office of the Biodiversity PAO staff PAO MINP 2000 PENRO, Naga 25 16 9 Monitoring Systems City Mt. Guiting- Installation of the A. Tagtag (PAWB), M. A. Representatives from Guiting: PAO, Biodiversity Hidalgo (NIPAP-PMO), P. March 20- DENR Region IV, PENRO, Magdiwang, Monitoring System Alviola (NORDECO), J. 28, 2000 CENRO and PAO Rangers 23 20 3 Sibuyan Island, (Phase 1 and 2) Balogo (PAO) and Information Officers Romblon P. Alviola and V. Biodiversity Palaganas (NORDECO), El Nido: Elm. St. PA Rangers. A PASu (2), 6-15 April Monitoring System P. Delos Reyes (PAWB), Café, El Nido, PAPA, NGO Reps, Youth 2000 30 27 3 (Phase 1 & 2) J. San Luis (PMU), PASu Palawan Rep and NGA Rodriguez (ENTMRPA)

Mts Iglit and P. delos Reyes (PAWB), PASu, Representatives Biodiversity Baco: Seafront Mira Ocampo (PAWB), W. 12 – 18 July from DENR R IV, PENRO, Monitoring System Hotel, San Jose, Balilia (PAWB), J. Balogo 2000 CENRO, TCP, PAMB, 26 24 2 (Phase 1 & 2) Occidental (NIPAP) PAO Rangers Mindoro

Biodiversity November N. Ramoso and S. PA Rangers. PASu (2), , Monitoring System 21 - 23, El Nido: PAO Cabrera (PAWB) NGO Reps 20 14 6 (Phase 3) 2000

November Mt. Pulag: Biodiversity W. Ballia and S. Cabrera 28 - Babadak Bashoy, DENR (PAWD), PAOs Monitoring System (PAWB) December 2, Teltelpok and MPNP) 13 11 2 (Phase 3) 2000 Abokot, MPNP

Mt. Guiting- Biodiversity Guiting: PAO, E. Toledo and O. Espaya December Monitoring System Magdiwang, PAO and DENR Staff (PAWB) 11-14, 2000 10 10 0 (Phase 3) Sibuyan Island, Romblon

J. Solatre (NIPAP-PMU), Mt. Malindang: Biodiversity APASu F. Limpahan October 22 - Tatong's Beach PAMB, LGU, DENR, PAO Monitoring System (MMNP), O. delos Reyes, 30, 2000 Resort, staff 24 21 3 (Phase 1 and 2) D. Rubio, S. Cabrera and Oroquieta City O. Espaya (PAWB)

Total no. of trainees 228 177 51

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4.4.3 Training on P 3-Dimensional Modeling See also, 3.2.3, Changes in Land Use and Vegetation Cover, above. As a development of activities conducted in 1999, the PAWB Protected Area Community Management Division and DENR Reg. IV have been trained in Participatory 3-D Modeling. As detailed in Section 4.7, a manual has been prepared for the purpose. Thus, in March 2000, NIPAP organized a hands-on training in the Municipality of Rodriguez, Rizal, facilitating the construction of a 1:2,000 scale relief model of the Pamitinan Protected Landscape. Attendance included key central and provincial DENR and PAWB staff. A series of follow-up exercises focused on the extraction of the information for digitizing purposes. Training continued in Taytay, where a 1:20,000 scale model of Malampaya Sound has been constructed on May 5-13, 2000. An article on the subject has been published on PLA Notes No. 39, a quarterly magazine produced by the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London.

TABLE 64 ALL SITES - RELIEF MODELS PRODUCED IN 1999-2000 Active Area Women’s Working Protected Area Scale participants participation days (km2) (no.) (%) (no.) Mt. Pulag National Park, Benguet, Nueva 1:10,000 360 75 19% 270 Vizcaya, Ifugao Mt. Isarog National Park, Camarines Sur 1:10,000 480 101 28% 277

Mt. Malindang National Park, Misamis Occ. 1:10,000 1,176 119 21% 376

Mt. Malindang National Park, Misamis Occ. 1:50,000 3,552 22 30% 60

Pamitinan Protected Landscape, Rizal 1: 2,000 17 93 52% 300

Mt. Guiting-Guiting Natural Park, Romblon 1:10,000 896 101 31% 261 Community-based Forest Management Area, 1: 5,000 10 10 30% 40 Buffer Zone, Mt. Guiting-Guiting Natural Park El Nido-Taytay Managed Resources 1:20,000 1,968 70 23% 190 Protected Area, El Nido, Palawan Malampaya Sound Sea- and Landscape 1:20,000 3,016 87 23% 246 Protected Area, Taytay, Palawan (*)

(*) Differentiated scaling (1:20,000 horizontal; 1:10,000 vertical) has been adopted in Malampaya Sound to enhance the perception of slope.

4.4.4 IPAF Training Programme See also, 3.4.6, Assist and Train PAMBs in Establishing the Systems for Running the IPAF and for Collecting Fees. This program targets all sites, particularly the PAMBs. In order to ensure the roll-over of skills in setting up and managing the IPAF, the training has been extended to selected DENR staff from Regional, Provincial (PENRO) and Community (CENRO) levels, and in some sites, to municipal treasurers and administrators. The training involved a total of 179 individuals (27% women) in the first phase and 70 (33% women) in the roundtable

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - NIPAP Final 71 Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 discussions (second phase). As detailed in Section 4.7 manuals are being produced for the purpose of guiding the PAMB in installing the system and providing DENR (field level) with the instruments and skills necessary for training the members of future boards. TABLE 65 DETAILS OF TRAINING (PHASE 1) DELIVERED FOR INSTALLING THE IPAF SYSTEM Participants Participating organizations Trainers/ facilitators Date Location (No.) and positions Total M F

Mt. Guiting- PAMB Execom members, LGU I. Bacudo (IPAF Training 22-23 Guiting: PAO, officials (Mayors and municipal Specialist) and T. February, Magdiwang, treasurers) and representatives from 19 16 3 Blastique (PAWB) 2000 Sibuyan Island, the PENRO and CENRO, PASu and Romblon PAO Admin Officer PAMB Execom members, LGU I. Bacudo (IPAF Training 07-08 El Nido: Elm St. officials (Vice-Mayor and Municipal Specialist) and T. February, Restaurant, El Administrator) and representatives 19 16 3 Blastique (PAWB) 2000 Nido, Palawan from the PENRO and CENRO, PASu and PAO Admin Officer PAMB Execom members, LGU I. Bacudo (IPAF Training 09-10 Malampaya: Publico Guest official (Vice-Mayor) and Specialist) and T. February, representatives from the PENRO and House, Taytay, 18 2 16 Blastique (PAWB) 2000 CENRO, PASu and PAO Admin Palawan Officer PAMB Execom members, LGU I. Bacudo (IPAF Training Mt. Malindang: officials (Mayors and municipal 6-7 April, Naomi Tourist Inn, Specialist) and T. treasurers) and representatives from 41 37 4 2000 Banadero, the PENRO, CENRO, PAO (PASu Blastique (PAWB) Ozamiz City and Admin Officer) and NGOs (CARE and PIPULI) Mt. Isarog: I. Bacudo (IPAF Training PAMB Execom members, LGU 04 May, CASAFI Specialist) and T. Development officials and representatives from the 38 28 10 2000 PENRO, CENRO, PAO (PASu and Blastique (PAWB) Complex, Pili, Admin Officer) and NGOs Camarines Sur Mt. Iglit Baco: I. Bacudo (IPAF Training PAMB Execom members, LGU 10 may, Jaybee's Specialist) and T. Restaurant, San officials and representatives from the 19 13 6 2000 PENRO, CENRO, PAO (PASu and Blastique (PAWB) Jose, Occidental Admin Officer) and NGOs Mindoro P. Matsuura (NIPAP); I. November Ambal (NIPAP); T. Mt. Pulag: PAO, 28 - 29, Ambangeg, PAMB EXECOM and PAO Staff 25 19 6 Blastique (PAWB) and C. 2000 Benguet Samson (PAWB) Total no. of trainees 179 131 48

TABLE 66 IPAF TRAINING (PHASE 2 - ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSIONS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE IPAF SUB-ACCOUNT) Participating organizations Participants Trainers/ facilitators Date Location and positions (No.) P. Matsuura (NIPAP); I. Malampaya Ambal (NIPAP); T. Blastique 09-Nov-00 Sound: Taytay, PAMB Execom 12 11 1 (PAWB) and C. Samson Palawan (PAWB) P. Matsuura (NIPAP); I. Ambal (NIPAP); T. Blastique PAMB Execom; CRRAEN 10-Nov-00 El Nido: PAO 15 6 9 (PAWB)and C. Samson members (PAWB) P. Matsuura (NIPAP); T. Mt. Malindang: PAMB Execom; ARED; PENRO Blastique (PAWB)and C. 16-Nov-00 Supermix, Ozamis 18 12 6 Accountant; IP reps. Samson (PAWB) City

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Participating organizations Participants Trainers/ facilitators Date Location and positions (No.) M.t Isarog: P. Matsuura - NIPAP; I. Ambal Christy's Kamayan PAMB Execom members; DENR - (NIPAP); T. Blastique 19-Oct-00 12 8 4 Magsaysay Ave. PENRO Bookkeeper; PAO staff (PAWB); C. Samson (PAWB) Naga City

Mts Iglit and P. Matsuura (NIPAP); I. PAMB Execom members, LGU Baco: Jaybee's Ambal (NIPAP); T. Blastique officials, Municipal treasurers; 21-Nov-00 Restaurant, San (PAWB) and C. Samson PENRO Accountant, COA 13 10 3 Jose, Occidental (PAWB) Auditor, PASu and PAO AO Mindoro Total no. of trainees 70 47 23

In addition to the formal training the Indigenous Peoples in Coron Island were assisted in conceptualizing the set-up of a recreational fee system.

4.5 THE INTEGRATION OF QUALIFIED STAFF INTO POST-NIPAP In December 1999 a retrospective analysis revealed that, instead of increasing, the DENR detailed personnel had been steadily decreasing both in absolute and relative terms for the past two years. Preliminary results, summarized in the 1999 Annual Report, indicated that at that time the numbers and percentages of DENR-detailed staff were too low to ensure the continuity of project implementation. This pattern was brought to the attention of the DENR Regional Executive Directors and to other stakeholders during the 2000 Phase-In/Phase- Out Workshops. The chart on the left shows that a consistent 1998-2000 Evolution in Staffing shift of staff from Project (contracted by (All NIPAP Protected Area Offices) (No. of staff) NIPAP) to Government payroll (GoP paid) 250 occurred during most of 2000. 224 219 200 It further shows that the declining trend in 191 176 167 164 166 the number of DENR detailed personnel 150 152 138 133 138 133 reversed during the second and third quarter 127 118 118 110 of 2000, but declined again during the last 100 98 87 92 88 92 92 72 71 quarter of the year. Nonetheless the 57 Numberof staff category by 50 5048 50 50 50 51 41 40 40 department’s increased commitment 38 37 38 38 33 29 26 18 10 8 8 towards continuity is evident when 0 0 1 5 1st qtr. 2nd qtr. 3rd qtr. 4th qtr. 1st qtr. 2nd qtr. 3rd qtr. 4th qtr. 1st qtr. 2nd qtr. 3rd qtr. 4th qtr. 1998 1998 1998 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 considering the GoP-paid personnel, which

Contracted by NIPAP DENR-Detailed GoP paid Total substantially increased. Nonetheless – even if the situation has improved - there is the

1998-2000 Evolution in Staffing absolute need for DENR to maintain the (All NIPAP Protected Area Offices) contractual staff, currently totaling 92, as 80% part of the PAOs. In this respect concrete steps have already 60% been undertaken as follows:

40% ➢ DENR included adequate financial provisions in its 2001 budget. 20% ➢ 5-year budgets have been attached to the bills to be passed in Congress to 0% 1st qtr. 2nd qtr. 3rd qtr. 4th qtr. 1st qtr. 2nd qtr. 3rd qtr. 4th qtr. 1st qtr. 2nd qtr. 3rd qtr. 4th qtr. enact the single protected areas. 1998 1998 1998 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000

DENR-Detailed GoP paid Contracted by NIPAP

1998-2000 Evolution in Staffing 73 C:\Users\benchlemon(All NIPAP\Documents Protected Area\Special Offices) Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - NIPAP Final Report\Technical Report.doc% on total staffing

80.0%

60.0%

40.0%

20.0%

0.0% 1st qtr. 2nd qtr. 3rd qtr. 4th qtr. 1st qtr. 2nd qtr. 3rd qtr. 4th qtr. 1st qtr. 2nd qtr. 3rd qtr. 4th qtr. 1998 1998 1998 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001

The second chart shows the percentage breakdown of the different types of personnel in force in the eight sites. The years 1998 and early 1999 have been characterized by a predominance of staff contracted by NIPAP. The findings were shared with the concerned DENR Regional Executive Directors (March 2000) and during the Phase-In Phase-Out Workshops. Increased awareness coupled with steady pressure put on the concerned DENR Offices proved to be successful in the phasing-in of DENR detailed and contractual personnel. The chart shows that this process is effectively taking place. During the first two quarters of 2000, with the objective of maximizing the integration of trained qualified staff into the regular functions of the DENR and of other PA-concerned bodies (LGUs and NGOs), the PASus delivered ad-hoc presentations during the Phase- In/Phase-out Workshops. The presentation aimed at generating interest among the participating stakeholders towards integrating qualified and trained human resources in the regular functions of the bodies they represent. Parallel promotional activities have been done on a site-to-site basis. Most Rural Development Officers trained by NIPAP have been absorbed by partner NGOs working in the NIPAP sites. The Municipality of Kabayan (MPNP) recruited one RDO.

4.6 FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY

4.6.1 The Budgeting Instrument The sustainability of the PAOs and the PAMBs depends upon their access to funds.

Cost of Protection Therefore, a standardized budgeting instrument 1 Millions PHP/year (Excel workbook) inclusive of Users’ Guidelines was designed enabling the preparation of 5-year post- MSSLPA NIPAP budgets for all sites. ENTMRPA The chart on the left shows that the minimum yearly MMNP financial requirements for functioning PAOs and

MIBNP PAMBs in a post NIPAP scenario, range from 4.4 million pesos in Coron to nearly 10 million pesos in MINP Malampaya Sound. MGGNP The budgets have been successfully used during the MPNP Phase-In / Phase-out workshops to solicit

Coron Island commitments from stakeholders. DENR-FASPO has adopted the instrument and 0 5 10 recommended its adoption by the CPPAP, the World Bank (GEF) funded project dealing with 10 priority-protected areas. The budgets elaborated for Mt. Guiting-Guiting, El Nido and Malampaya Sound, have been incorporated into the bills currently being debated at Congress. If approved the budgets would translate into 5-year budget appropriations for the single sites.

4.6.2 The Willingness to Pay Surveys Other instruments put in place to in order to improve the functionality of the IPAF include the (a) Willingness to Pay Surveys (WTP) conducted in Mt. Isarog and El Nido, and a (b) case

1 The format adopts the outline and coding described in Chapter 5 of the 1991 Government Accounting and Accounting Manual, Vol. II, Government Accounting, Commission of Audit and later revisions.

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - NIPAP Final 74 Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 study on the excess profit method conducted in MINP. The Case Study On the Calculation of the Excess Profit of the Bicol Mini-Hydro power plant in Isarog has already been shared with the PAMBs in Mt. Isarog, Mt. Guiting-Guiting and El Nido.

4.6.3 Funding trough International Aid While the sustainability of the PAOs is important for continuity of NIPAP activities, other protected area management-related activities depend on financial and human resources deployed by institutions sharing the common goal of conserving biodiversity through addressing the root causes of its depletion, such as poverty. There, and in line with the NIPAS Act, NIPAP has intensified its efforts to assure complementary support from and cement its relationship with NGOs, other local (PCSD, LGUs, etc.) and international institutions operating in the site areas. These efforts are summarized in the following Tables:

TABLE 67 ALL SITES - COMPLEMENTARY (POST-NIPAP) FUNDING Imple mentin Amount Duration Source of Site Activity/Project g sought / and Status Funding starting Agenc allocated date) y European EURO Being All Sites Consolidation Programme Commission and DENR 3 years 3,000,000 conceptualized GoP Develo Integrated Resource pment Design Northern Management Programme USAID Alternat N/A 5 years preparation Palawan (IRMP) ives (DAI) Inc. Institutionalizing P 3-D To be DENR / 5 Being PAWB HQ N/A Modeling determined PAWB months conceptualized Conserv Coron Conservation ation US$ 1996 – Under Coron Biodiversity project Island International Internati 200,000 cont. implementation onal Under PAFID implementation Support in establishing Bantay El Nido US$ 2000- Proposal being El Nido Dagat groups in the Shell Philippines Founda 87,000 2010 finalized Municipality tion Inc. El Nido Conservation of Netherlands US$ 1997- Under Biodiversity and Community PRRM Embassy 3,900,000 2002 implementation Development Project Residential Guard House for PhP Under British Embassy PRRM 2000 South Sector 750,000 implementation Protecting the Biodiversity of Mt. Guiting- Mt. Guiting-Guiting through the Netherlands US$ 1997- Under KKP Guiting Development of Sustainable Embassy 1,600,000 2002 implementation Livelihood Enterprises” Sustainable Management of the Global KKP Submitted to Buffer and Multiple Use Zones Environment US$ 2001- and GEF on March of Mt. Guiting-guiting Natural Fund (GEF)- 750,000 2006 EBJF 27, 2000 Park UNDP Submitted to Sibuyan Island Ecotourism GEF, Small US$ GEF-SGP on EBJF 2001 Development Program Grants program 60,000 December 20, 2000

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Global Care Sustainable Management of Mt. US$ 2000- Under Mt. Isarog Environment Philippi Isarog's territories (SUMMIT) 750,000 2004 implementation Fund (GEF) nes 4 years Mt. Isarog Integrated Care European EURO (Dec. Conservation and Development Philippi Approved Commission 978,547 31, Project (MIICDP) nes 1999) Mt. Isarog Integrated Care 3 yrs Pounds Under Conservation and Development British Embassy Philippi (March 119,691 implementation Project (MIICDP) nes 1998) Agencies Working for Care 5 yrs Mt. Ecological Sustainability on Mt. Netherlands US $ Under Philippi (Sept. Malindang Malindang Environment Embassy 3,698,964 implementation nes 1998) (AWESOME) Philippine-Netherlands Under biodiversity research Netherlands SEARC EURO 2000- implementation Programme for development in Embassy A 2,268,900 2005 (started July 1, Mindanao – focus on Mt. 2000) Malindang Philippines Australia Local Acil / US $ 1999- Under AusAid Sustainability Program (PALS) LGUs 5,000,000 2004 implementation Economic Self-reliance European Programme - Caraballo And ECU 1997- Under Mt. Pulag Commission & DA Southern Cordillera Agricultural 22,500,000 2004 implementation GoP Development Office of the Preside Integrated Conflict ntial Mt. Pulag Management and Resolution Adviser Under GoP N/A 1999- (Kabayan) Program for pilot Municipalities on Implementation in the Cordillera Peace Process (OPAP P) European Central Cordillera Agricultural Euro 1996- Under Commission & DA Programme (CECAP), Phase 2 27.5M 2003 implementation GoP Cordillera Highlands Agriculture Asian and Natural Resources DA and 1998- Under Development N/A Management Programme DENR 2003 implementation Bank (CHARM) Malampaya Establishment of a Malampaya Being Shell Philippines - - - Sound Sound Foundation conceptualized Fauna Biodiversity Conservation and Mt. Iglit- US$ 1998- Under Programme for Mindoro and Shell Philippines Flora Baco 150,000 2001 implementation Associated Islands Internati onal

4.6.4 Funding through Structured Fund Raising 4.6.4.1 Training in professional fund raising In collaboration with Venture for Fund Raising, a specialized NGO, NIPAP sponsored the training of selected representatives from five sites and from PAWB in professional fund raising.

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4.6.4.2 Non-conventional fund raising activities – pay-phone cards The Section identified pay-phone cards as a possible Way Forward. Designs for eight cards (one per site) have been developed and submitted jointly to a partnership proposal to major national telephone companies. The initiative has been endorsed by PAWB and the EU delegation. The mechanism would lead to raising funds for the Integrated Protected Area Sub-Funds. (e.g. 0.5% of the gross revenue from the sales of “Protected Area theme” payphone cards). NIPAP would supply the design for the cards and host one full-page advertisement on its newsletter. The protected areas would benefit from increased awareness; DENR and the European Union would gain in terms of public image as working jointly towards the conservation of the environment. The telephone company would benefit from strengthening its image as a conservation-related corporation and have access to NIPAP digital picture library for developing countrywide promotional campaigns linked to the “protected areas” series.

4.7 MANUALS AND OTHER KEY DOCUMENTS The production of a series of manuals and other key-documents is a priority for continuity. Moreover, they acknowledge lessons learned and present a Way Forward. By the end of the project a total of 56 documents will had been produced and distributed. The following table lists the documents under preparation and summarizes their status of accomplishment.

4.8 PHASE-IN/PHASE-OUT WORKSHOPS A series of Phase-In/Phase-out workshops has been conducted in line with the provisions of DAO 36 S. 1994 (Establishing Guidelines for the preparation of Phase-In/Phase-Out Plan for Completing/Terminating Foreign-Assisted Projects). These workshops are consultative meetings with a final output oriented session. They have been designed in collaboration with DENR-FASPO to develop a clear post-EU/NIPAP policy for Protected Area Offices and to elicit practical support from other stakeholders in particular DENR regional Offices, Local Government Units, NGOs, Aid Agencies and the private sector. These events contributed to: • Increasing awareness of participants on key-sustainability factors; • Identifying budgetary requirements for the Post-NIPAP scenario and for integration of these into the budgetary requirements of the Regional Offices; • Identifying funding gaps jeopardizing the functionality of the PAO and defining mechanisms for filling these gaps. Thus, eliciting commitments from stakeholders for assuring complementary support; • Mapping out the integration of the PAO into the DENR Regional Structure; • Formulating strategies for integrating selected trained contractual Project personnel into the DENR/LGU/NGO setting pertinent to the single PAO; • Defining areas of commitment amongst stakeholders; and • Production of Phase-in Implementation Statements.

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TABLE 68 PHASE-IN/PHASE-OUT WORKSHOPS MONITORING SHEET

Mt. IglitMt.

Malindang Malampay

Mt. IsarogMt.

Mt. PulagMt.

a Sounda

EL NidoEL

Guiting

Coron

Island

Mt. Mt.

Workshop outputs -

Baco

Date workshop held (yr 2000) 13 Apr 31May 08 May 21 Mar 11 May 13 Apr

Quezon Quezon Oroquieta Baguio Quezon Pili Location of Workshop City City City City City Attendance (% of participants / number of 95% 86% 61% 56% 55% 88% invitees) DENR Region/PAO Organization chart Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes finalized Formulated strategies for integrating trained contractual Project personnel into the Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes DENR/LGU/NGO settings PAO Budgetary requirements incorporated Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes into stakeholder budgets

Phase-in Post-NIPAP Policy Statements Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

In terms of Phase-In Statements participants either took a firm commitment or expressed their statement of intent1 to do their best to implement a particular action. Table 69 summarizes the outputs. TABLE 69 ALL SITES - PHASE-IN STATEMENTS (AREAS OF COMMITMENT AND STATEMENTS OF INTENT)

Malindang Malampay

Mt. IsarogMt.

Mt. PulagMt.

a Sounda

EL NidoEL

Guiting

Coron

Island Mt. Mt. Mt. Iglit- Entity Baco

Funding Agencies A - - - - A

DENR A B A B A B A B A B A B

LGU B A B B B A B B

NGO A B C A B C A B C A B C - -

Line Agencies - - - - C C

Water Districts - - C - -

Private Sector - - - - A B - Areas of Commitment to meet one or more activities listed in the POST-NIPAP budget: A Statement of Intent to meet one or more activities listed in the POST-NIPAP budget: B Statement of Intent to meet one or more activities related to PA management: C

1 Participants lacking executive powers and representing higher authorities formulated statements of intent.

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4.9 HAND-OVER ACTIVITIES Additional system/activity/asset-specific meetings were organized to develop a clear post- EU/NIPAP policy and Phase-In (or merely phase-out in some cases) for the activities as represented by the PMU sections. The objective was to assure that concerned parties (PAWB, DENR regional Offices, PAOs, LGU or Partner NGOs) be – for their respective domains - fully knowledgeable and fully responsible for the various systems (see table below), activities (e.g. implementation of the GMPs) and assets (e.g. equipment, infrastructures and other facilities) set up by NIPAP since its inception. As shown in Table 70, PAWB has, in principle, absorbed activities related to the Biodiversity Monitoring System (BMS). To assure the functionality of the system NIPAP’s Planning Section is still monitoring the implementing of field activities. Two Phase-In seminars organized on December 18 (“Presentation of the General Management Plans of NIPAP project sites”) and 19 (“The way Forward for the NIPAP Management Information System”) had to be cancelled because of repeated changes of venue requested by DENR Secretary’s Office at very short notice.

TABLE 70 ALL SITES - SYSTEM / ACTIVITY / ASSET SPECIFIC WORKSHOPS1

Mt. GuitingMt. Mts.Iglitand

Malampaya

Malindang

Mt. IsarogMt.

Mt. PulagMt.

Nonsite

specific

El Nido El

Guitin

Coron

Baco

Mt. SYSTEM / ACTIVITY / ASSET

–

a) Geographic Information 10% System (GIS) b) Integrated Database (IDB) 10%

c) Monitoring Systems (M&E) 10% d) Biodiversity Monitoring 100% System (BMS) e) Library (documentation 10% center) Division of Assets PMU/Sites 0%

Official Inventory of Assets 0% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 0% 100% 100%

Handover of Assets to Sites 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

4.9.1 The Information Communication Technology Center Some systems have the potential for outliving the Project, being adopted, improved, expanded and carried over by other projects and institutions which could benefit from their existence. This applies in particular to the Information Communication Technology Center (ICTC), which includes the Database, Geographic Information System, Library, Publication Unit and Newsletter as detailed below:

1 As at 20th March, 2001. The possibility of a further extension meant that certain hand-over activities were withheld.

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TABLE 71 PMU- ITCT’S SYSTEMS AND ASSETS Benefits deriving to PAWB/ARCBC Systems Existing Assets in taking over the ICTC IEC materials: Intellectual and Human (Publication Unit), Acquire trained staff used to work as a team; Handbooks, Training ISBN registered publications advanced desk top publishing skills; opportunity Manuals and Case for tailoring (where applicable) existing Studies information to the ASEAN context. IEC materials: Format, mail list, procedures; intellectual Adopt existing assets, built on these and Newsletter (Suhay) and human (Publication Unit), ISSN expand the newsletter’s geographical outreach. registered serial publication Meet - in the short term - one of ARCBC’s expected outputs. Web site Content; knowledge of procedures; Build on existing experience to develop a primary domain for PAWB. standard web structure for all ASEAN countries. Strategic location of the ICT Center with easy access to fast Internet connections. Geographic Information Human resources, datasets, hardware and Build on existing facilities and trained human System software. resources. Use NIPAP data sets to adopt and pilot-test models. Integrated Data Base Human resources, datasets, hardware and Build on existing facilities and trained human software. resources. Use NIPAP data set to pilot-test models. Library Human resources, procedures (manual), Build on existing assets to replicate systems in catalogued documents, books and other ASEAN Countries. technical references, hardware and system software. Monitoring and Existing and functional M&E systems: Build on existing systems to produce hands-on Evaluation Systems 1. Project Implementation manual(s) and adopt/tailor systems to ARCBC 2. Physical needs. 3. Financial 4. Property Management Including data collection, record keeping, tabulation, analysis and report-generation systems.

The basis for conceiving the above strategy arises from efforts made to assure maximum continuity to meritorious systems that have been set-up during the life span of the project. The aim has always been to enable the extension of NIPAP/DENR innovations beyond the national and into a broader international (ASEAN) context. In terms of legislation and associated instruments enabling public participation in conservation planning and management, the Philippines has been leading the way. Moreover PAWB has been identified as the Biodiversity Reference Unit for the Philippines and as the Host for the ASEAN Regional Center for Biodiversity Conservation. This implies that the bureau has a challenging dual function which transcends national borders.

The Government of the Philippines and the European Commission have invested considerable resources in assisting PAWB to assume and conduct these functions so that it may maximize the returns on its considerable intellectual and scientific capital.

Therefore, PAWB will take over these activities, including key staff and all PMU the infrastructure required, so that an ITCT will function as part of the ARCBC. Phase In formalities were complete by the 20th March.

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4.9.2 Protected Area Planning Outputs A seminar was organized in December 2000 (Presentation of the General Management Plans of NIPAP Project Sites) to be attended by the relevant officers from PAWB, DENR central, regional, provincial and community levels, LGUs and NGOs for the presentation of General Management Plans and background information. The seminar could not materialize because of political interference from the Secretary.

4.9.3 Building Infrastructure The Construction Section has handed over documents, including detailed technical drawings and specifications. Copies of these have been the PAOs, the PENROs and to the DENR/PAWB, in soft format.

4.9.4 Assets Official inventories of assets were completed for all sites.

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5 FINANCIAL REPORT

PLEASE TURN OVER………………………

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APPENDIX 1 MAP OF THE PHILIPPINES SHOWING THE EIGHT NIPAP SITES

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APPENDIX 2 THE EIGHT NIPAP SITES

1 CORON ISLAND Locally known as “Kalis” due to its shape, Coron Island is characterized by a rugged topography of karst formations, dispersed white-sand beaches and lakes. Kalis Island is a wedge-shaped limestone island, in North Palwan. It is bounded on the North by the Coron Passage, Coron Bay on the west, and on the east and south by the Sulu Sea. Administratively it is covered by the Municipality of Coron, which lies in the southeastern section of Busuanga Island. The Island is home to the Tagbanua who were awarded a certificate of ancestral domain claim in 1998 (R04-CADC-134), comprising an area of 22,284 hectares including a marine component and two islands, namely Kalis and Delian. The two Islands are internationally recognized as areas of unique cultural and biodiversity values. Kalis Island was designated a Tourist Zone and Marine Reserve by virtue of Proclamation No. 1801. Around 75 percent of it is covered by limestone forest, beach forest and mangroves. Several endemic, as well as endangered species are documented including the Philippine macaque, the Palawan porcupine, dugong, cockatoos and monitor lizards. The presence of inland brackish-water and fresh-water lakes harbors unclassified biodiversity of international significance. The presence of some 500 caves in the Island is home to swiftlets locally known as balinsasayaw, which produce edible birds nests. The harvesting of the nests during the months of December to June is an important livelihood activity for the Tagbanua. With the assistance of an NGO, the Tagbanua Foundation of Coron Island (TFCI) has produced its own Ancestral Domain Management Plan (ADMP). It is NIPAP’s policy to facilitate implementation with the framework of the NIPAS law but with due regard to all the rights and responsibilities of the Indigenous Peoples under the new legislation, Republic Act No. 8371, otherwise known as, the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA). The proposed protected area covers about 20,000 hectares. In the framework of the NIPAS law, NIPAP’s policy for Coron takes into account the wishes of the Tagbanua community to manage both Coron and Delian Islands as Ancestral Domain through the implementation of an ADMP and the accomplishments of the NGOs concerned. Because of the unique constitutional and sensitive cultural issues arising out of the establishment of Coron Island as a Protected Area, the challenge is to harmonize the provisions of the NIPAS Act and the IPRA on the field level or implementation aspect, with emphasis still, on biodiversity protection but with due regard to the rights of the Indigenous Peoples.

2 EL NIDO MANAGED RESOURCE AREA In 1991, the Government of the Philippines proclaimed Bacuit Bay as a marine reserve; it became a prime tourist destination. In 1998, the protected area was expanded to include terrestrial ecosystems and portions of the municipality of Taytay. It is now known as El Nido- Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area. Located in the northwestern part of Palawan, it covers over 36,000 ha of land and 54,000 ha of marine waters. It is characterized by towering limestone karst-cliffs, un-spoilt beaches, mangroves, clear waters, limestone forests and farmlands. El Nido is home to a number of endangered and protected species that cover five species of mammals, including the Malayan Pangolin and 16 bird species endemic to Palawan including the Palawan Peacock Pheasant, the Palawan Hornbill and Palawan Scops Owl. Bacuit bay is also home to dugong, dolphins and marine turtles, many of which are

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - NIPAP Final 84 Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 threatened species. Coral reef fishes include Butterfly-fish, Parrot-fish, Wrasse, Trigger-fish, Angel-fish, Surgeon-fish, Damsel-fish, Emperor-fish, Snapper, Grouper and Rabbit-fish. The population within the Protected Area is close to 17,000, most engaged in farming and fishing but some derive their income from tourism. The major cash crops are rice, cashew, mango, coconut and banana. Marine products include Grouper, Sweet-lip, Lobster, Mud Crab and Squid. An important seasonal activity is the gathering of edible swift’s nests commanding high market prices. The Ten Knots Development Corporation was the first company to exploit El Nido’s tourist potential. It established exclusive resorts on Miniloc, Pangulasian and Langen Islands. The company also provides the air link between El Nido and Manila. Other developers, either residents or tourism entrepreneurs, followed suit with less exclusive enterprises catering for the cheaper end of the market. Nonetheless, the character of the place has been maintained with most developers sensitive to their environment and aware of its income earning capacity as a sellable “paradise”. Located in North Palawan, the El Nido Managed Resource Protected Area received Presidential Proclamation in October 1998. NIPAP worked closely with all stakeholders and especially through the PAMB, to produce the GMP. Local support has increased dramatically since mid-1998, shifting from an aggressive opposition of some groups to universal endorsement. This improvement has arisen as the local community has become more involved in the NIPAS processes and has begun to see the planning, establishment and management of the PA as something, which it owns and can control. The Municipality of El Nido is especially closely associated with PA planning processes as are a number of NGOs including KKP (WWF), PRRM and ELAC who are key to the sustainability of protection. The Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement (PRRM) is also operating in the area and complements the work being done by NIPAP through its El Nido Conservation of Biodiversity and Community Development Project. In 1996, a Memorandum of Agreement was signed with PRRM. PRRM is especially active in the capacity building of the PAMB The protected area covers about 90,321 hectares according to the boundary delineation conducted by the DENR LEP team during the second quarter of 2000.

3 MALAMPAYA SOUND Adjacent to El Nido, Malampaya Sound Protected Landscape and Seascape, located in Northwestern Palawan, is by far the largest NIPAP site, covering about 200,115 hectares. It is a watershed with a productive fishing ground called the Sound. The Sound is an elongated water body with diverse ecosystems such as the mangroves, sea-grasses and corals. It is divided into two sections, the Inner and the Outer Sound. The Inner Sound is a brackish body of water and is the only place in the Philippines where one can see the Irrawaddy dolphins (not endemic to the Philippines). The Outer Sound is where the seagrass and coral ecosystems can be found; it is also the home of the Bottle-nose dolphin. Malampaya is a Tagbanua word meaning "rich in fish". The Tagbanua are the indigenous people of Malampaya Sound. Malampaya Sound is a significant center of endemism. Endemic species include the Tabon Bird, the Palawan Peacock Pheasant, the Green Imperial Pigeon, the Palawan Racket-tailed Parrot, the Palawan Malcoha, the Palawan Hornbill, the Palawan Talking Myna, the Northern Palawan Lesser Tree Squirrel, the Palawan Porcupine, and the Palawan Bearcat.

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Faunal Species of national importance include the Philippine Mallard, the Philippine Cockatoo, the Hawksbill Turtle and the Philippine Macaque. The protected area lies within two municipalities, Taytay and San Vicente, the main sources of income being fishing and farming. In 1998 as a result of the mid-term review, Malampaya Sound dropped to a low NIPAP priority ranking. Later appraisals done by the Philippine Working Group and the NGO Environmental Science for Social Change (ESSC) stressed the need for enhanced protection of endangered species found in the sound. As a result of these assessments and in line with the GoP-EC Financing Memorandum, Malampaya Sound regained high priority status in 1999. The Project Management contracted ESSC to prepare the General Management Plan. NIPAP is now working very closely with the Municipality of Taytay, a large proportion of which is taken up by the PA. Also, parts of the Taytay Barangays of Liminangcong, Cataban and Sandoval lie within the El Nido PA.

4 MT. GUITING-GUITING “Guiting-Guiting”, in the local dialect, means jagged, which explains the name of the mountain. Its highest peak is at 2,058 meters. The mountain is the core of Sibuyan Island in Romblon Province. Unique in the Philippines, the Island retains an intact chain of ecosystems, starting with the high altitude grasslands, leading to undisturbed mossy, montane forests, lowland forest, intact mangroves and coral reefs. The core of the island is known as Mt. Guiting-Guiting Natural Park. The island is one of the richest spots in the world in terms of density, diversity and endemism of flora and fauna. Endemic species include five mammals: the Greater Sibuyan and Lesser Sibuyan Forest Mouse, the Sibuyan Giant Moss Mouse, the Sibuyan Pygmy Fruit Bat and the Sibuyan Striped Shrew Rat. The Philippine Tube-nosed bat and the Philippine hawk-eagle, classified respectively as “endangered” and “vulnerable” are found in the park. Dugongs, dolphins and whales are sighted in the off-shore waters. Sibuyan Island is composed of the municipalities of Magdiwang in the North, Cajidiocan in the East, and San Fernando in the South. It has a population of close to 50,000, mostly living along the coast and at the foothills of the mountain range. The main sources of income are farming, fishing and small-scale handicrafts. Indigenous People known as Sibuyanon or Mangyan Tagabukid live on the mountain slopes on the side of Cajidiocan and San Fernando. They represent approximately 1.5% of the total population. Mt. Guiting-Guiting was proclaimed as a Natural Park in 1996 by President Fidel V. Ramos. NIPAP works closely with Kabang Kalikasan ng Pilipinas (KKP/WWF), which is implementing a livelihood-oriented project, “Protecting the Biodiversity of Mt. Guiting-Guiting through the Development of Sustainable Livelihood Enterprises” with funding from The Netherlands Government. This project will continue until 2002 and, significantly, KKP/WWF is committed to support conservation activities in Mt. Guiting-Guiting beyond 2002. The protected area covers about 15,265 hectares.

5 MTS. IGLIT AND BACO Mts. Iglit-Baco National Park is located in the central part of Mindoro Island. It is part of a long mountain chain encompassing at least eight major river systems and has a rugged

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - NIPAP Final 86 Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 terrain composed of slopes, river gorges and plateaus. Approximately 75% (about 56,000 has.) of its land area lies in the province of Occidental Mindoro comprising the municipalities of Sablayan, Calintaan, Rizal and San Jose. The remaining 25% (about 18,945 has.) lies within the province of Oriental Mindoro, in the municipalities of Pinamalayan, Gloria, Bansud, Bongabong and Mansalay. The Park has the biggest remaining population of Tamaraw in the world. It is a seriously endangered large mammal, and thus a principal concern of the IUCN. Only about 70 head exist. Because of the Tamaraw, the original game refuge and bird sanctuary of 8,956 hectares was enlarged in 1970 to 75,445 hectares and converted into a national park. The Tamaraw is also the reason why the Park has been declared as an ASEAN Heritage site and is being considered as a World Heritage Site. The diverse habitats of the National Park support various forms of wildlife. The grasslands are inhabited by the Tamaraw, the Philippine Deer and Wild Pig. In the mossy forest of the highlands and peak summits can be found the endemic Mindoro Cloud Rat. Birds include the Mindoro Imperial Pigeon, the Mindoro Scops Owl, the Blue Shortwing, the Island thrush, Tardus, the Blue-headed Rachet-Tailed Parrot , the Philippine Coucal , the Barred Graybird , the Philippine Bulbul, the Mangrove Blue Flycatcher and Mindoro Canegrass Warbler. Endemic flora include the Mindoro Pine. Mts. Iglit-Baco is the home of the most illusive and least known of the seven Mangyan tribes, the Batangan-tau Buid. The other major group is the Buhids.

6 MT. ISAROG NATIONAL PARK Mt. Isarog, an inactive volcano, rises in the heart of the province of Camarines Sur, the central part of the Bicol Peninsula about 450 kilometers south of Manila. It is the highest forested peak in Southern Luzon and a major water catchment, especially for Naga City. The Park, of 10,112 hectares, has a significant level of biological diversity and a long history of conservation. It is home to at least 143 kinds of birds, 15 of which are endemic to Luzon including a subspecies of the Velvet-fronted Nuthatch that can be found only in Mt. Isarog. Other species endemic to the mountain are the Mt. Isarog Shrew Mouse, the Isarog Striped Shrew Rat, the Isarog Shrew Rat and the Isolated Forest Frog. Also, at least 1,300 known of plants have been recorded. Most residents of the 23 barangays encompassing portions of the Park derive their livelihood directly or indirectly from the presence of the mountain forest which functions like a sponge feeding watercourses leading to the downhill plains. Non-timber forest products like ferns, vines, wild fruits, medicinal plants, honey, fish, cogon grass, rattan, vines, bamboo, nito, almaciga resin, pandan and anahaw are used by residents to meet their domestic needs, sold to complement household income or used as raw materials for handicraft production. Sugarcane, abaca, coconut and rice are the main agro-industrial crops grown at the foothills of the mountain. Indigenous Peoples belonging to the Agta- Tabangnon and Agta-Cimmarron groups are settled in some barangays. They depend mainly on subsistence farming planting corn, root-crops, fruit trees and on providing labor in industrial plantations. NIPAP has consolidated its links with NGOs and other major stakeholders and has produced a comprehensive GMP which has been approved by the PAMB. European Governments and the European Commission have been supporting CARE Philippines in implementing the Sustainable Management of Mt. Isarog Territories Project (SUMMIT).

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The Governor of Camarines Sur and the Mayor of Naga City are extremely supportive for the conservation of the forest in Mt. Isarog. The national park covers about 10,112 hectares.

7 MT. MALINDANG Mt. Malindang Natural Park is part of the Malindang range of mountains in Mindanao and traverses the provinces of Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur. It covers over 34,000 hectares with a peak at 2,402 meters, the highest among the six peaks in the mountain range. The Park is characterized by a closed canopy forest, waterfalls and a crater lake. Some parts are primary forests, home to diverse species of flora and fauna. Large, straight-trunked evergreen trees, Igem and Almaciga are abundant in the lower parts of the forest while dwarf and crooked stem trees are found in the mossy forest. The rare and endangered Philippine Eagle, Flying Lemur, Deer Tarsier, and Hornbills can be found here. Other significant species living here include mammals such as the Philippine Deer, Wild Pig, Long-Tailed Macaque, the Philippine Flying Lemur, Palm Civet and Civet Cat. Six amphibians, three reptiles, 67 birds and 25 mammals are known to be endemic to the mountain. Over one million people living in the three provinces traversing Mt. Malindang depend on the mountain for water for domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes. The water comes from the 16 major rivers which trace their sources from the mountain. The provinces get their main income from cultivation of coconut, cacao, coffee, rice, legumes, root crops and vegetables. The indigenous people known as Subanen, who comprise a small percent of the territory’s total population, live in and around the park. They are believed to have occupied the mountain as far back as the 18th century. Today They are slash-and-burn farmers who have retained their distinct customs and traditions. Located in the province of Misamis Occidental, the Mt. Malindang National Park project is complex, involving 3 provinces, 17 municipalities and cities, over 50 barangays and major internationally funded aid projects. Nonetheless, the project has a good record of collaboration with all stakeholders, of being supported by the Governor and LGUs and being understood by a fairly wide constituency. This state of affairs is rooted in the local DENR structures and a well heeled and senior PASu who has worked in the area for twenty years and who is this respected by all. The national park covers about 34,690 hectares. A Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) has been entered into with CARE Philippines1 to co- ordinate the activities of each organization in the area. CARE and its partner NGOs are implementing the Agencies Working for Ecological Sustainability on Mt. Malindang Environment (AWESOME) project. The objective of the project is to support conservation through the provision of alternative livelihood activities and through institutional strengthening. In 1999 a major Australian-financed intervention known as the Philippine Australia Local Sustainability (PALS) Project started. It focuses on six municipalities in Misamis Occidental. These include the Municipality of Don Victoriano, which is placed at

1 Additional MoA(s) with SEARCA, SESAM and UPCIDS are in the pipeline.

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - NIPAP Final 88 Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 the heart of the Protected Area. In addition the Dutch funded Philippine- Netherlands Biodiversity Research Programme for Development In Mindanao- Focus on Mount Malindang started its implementation activities last July 1, 2000. NIPAP has been closely working with the proponent SEARCA, helping them identify researchable areas, which will be of use to the PAMB members, and the Protected Area Office.

8 MT. PULAG Rising to 2,922 meters above sea level, Mt. Pulag is the highest peak in the island of Luzon and the second highest in the Philippines. The protected area covers 11,500 hectares and lies along the Grand Cordillera Central Mountain Ranges, encompassing portions of the provinces of Benguet, Ifugao and Nueva Vizcaya. The summit of Mt. Pulag is covered with grass and dwarf bamboo plants. At lower elevations, the mountainside has a mossy forest often veiled with fog, and full of ferns, lichens and moss. Below this is the pine forest growing on barren, rocky slopes. Water-falls, rivers and small lakes mark the area. Mt. Pulag has a large diversity of flora and fauna, much of which is endemic. Its wildlife includes threatened mammals such as the Philippine Brown Deer, the Northern Luzon Giant Cloud Rat and the Luzon Pygmy Fruit Bat. Also here are several orchid species some of which are possibly endemic. Other rare flora include the pitcher plant. As a watershed, Mt. Pulag serves as a life-support system to many communities. It sustains domestic, irrigation, livelihood activities and power generation to three hydroelectric power plants. Indigenous Communities living in the area are the Ibaloi, Kalanguya, Kankana-eys and Karaos who, with their rites and traditions, regard the mountain as a sacred place. They have a rich folklore about ancestral spirits inhabiting trees, lakes and mountains. Agriculture, both subsistence and market-oriented, is their major livelihood. Crops grown include rice, cabbage, potato, carrot, beans, snow peas, tomato, lettuce and sweet potato. Commercial vegetable production is perceived to be the greatest threat to conservation efforts along with competition between the different indigenous communities. Mt. Pulag National Park was originally established by Presidential Proclamation No. 75, of February 20, 1987, a process that was not entirely endorsed by the local people. Mt. Pulag and its environs is recipient of several on-going projects. Aside from NIPAP, another EU-funded project (CASCADE) is supporting People/LGU-driven aimed at poverty- alleviation, covering the municipalities of Kabayan, within which much of the national park lies, Buguias and Bokod; the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) has declared the communities of Lusod and Tawangan, barangays adjacent and within the Park as Agrarian Reform Communities (ARC); in 1996, Kabayan, Buguias and Tinoc Municipalities were awarded a Certificate for Ancestral Domain Claim (CADC) while Bokod was awarded in 1998. At present, only Kabayan CADC has an approved Ancestral Domain Management Plan (1999).

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - NIPAP Final 89 Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 APPENDIX 3 CLASSIFICATION OF GMP APPENDICES – NIPAP METHOD

GENERAL MANAGEMENT PLAN APPENDICES

The classification is hierarchical:

1 FIRST BY GROUP (1ST LEVEL HEADING) OF WHICH THERE ARE FIVE, - Biophysical Data - Social Data - Government And Administration - Legal Documents - Management Information

2 THEN BY SUBJECT (2ND LEVEL HEADING ) AND

3 FINALLY, BY TOPIC (3RD LEVEL HEADING). Thus, Groups and Subjects are as follows: Please Turn Over:-

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APPENDIX TABLE 1 NIPAP GMP APPENDICES CLASSIFICATION 1 BIO-PHYSICAL INFORMATION: 1.1 Geo-physical Information All non-human information and data 1.2 Meteorological Information (primary and secondary) necessary for the production of the management 1.3 Soils Information manual, particularly Part I Description 1.4 Bio-physical Systems 1.5 Marine Life 1.6 Non-marine Aquatic Life 1.7 Terrestrial Life 2 SOCIAL INFORMATION: 2.1 Demography All information and data about people, 2.2 Local/regional information necessary for the production of the management manual. 2.3 Other demographic information 2.4 Health 2.5 Education 2.6 Land tenure 2.7 Economy 2.8 Socio-Cultural 3 GOVERNMENT & ADMINISTRATION 3.1 International 3.2 National 3.3 Region/Province 3.4 City/Municipality 3.5 Barangay 3.6 Other 4 LEGAL DOCUMENTS 4.1 International 4.2 National 4.3 DENR 4.4 Other Departments and Branches of Government 4.5 Province 4.6 Legally binding agreements 5 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION: 5.1 Ecosystem Management All management information necessary 5.2 Law Enforcement for production of the manual and implementation of the management 5.3 Sustainable Livelihoods plan 5.4 Tourism and Visitor Management 5.5 Research and Monitoring 5.6 Regional Integration 5.7 Institutional Organization, Management and Administration 5.8 Financial Sustainability 5.9 Information and Education Campaigns

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - 91 NIPAP Final Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 APPENDIX 4 INDICATOR SPECIES BY SITE Based on the species identified by PAMB members according to the BMS process

A. EL NIDO-TAYTAY MANAGED RESOURCE PROTECTED AREA Scientific Name Common Name/ Local Name (Birds) Ardea sp. Heron Egretta sp. Egret Chalcopaps indica Emerald Pigeon/Humamban Treron vernans Pink-Necked Green Pigeon/Punay Ptilinopus leclancheri Black-Chinned Fruit Dove/Punay P. melanospila Black-naped Fruit Dove/Punay Macropygia phasianella Reddish Cuckoo-Dove/Manuk-Manok Ducula aenea Green Imperial Pigeon/Balud Ducula bicolor Pied Imperial Pigeon/Kamaso Chrysocolaptes lucidus Greater Flameback/Patuktok Dryocopus javensis White-Bellied Woodpecker/Patuktok Mulleripicus funebris Great Slaty Flameback/Patuktok Halietus leucogaster White-Breasted Sea Eagle Spilornis cheela Serpent Eagle Prioniturus platenae Palawan Raquet-tail/ Loro Cacatua haematuropygia Philippine Cockatoo/Alabucay/Katala Tanygnathus lucionensis Blue-Naped Parrot/Pikoy Gallus gallus Jungle Fowl/Labuyo Megapodius cumingi Tabon Scrub-Fowl/Tabon Bird Gracula religiosa Talking Mynah/Kiaw Anthracoceros marchei Palawan Hornbill/Kalaw Callocalia fuciphaga Edible Swiftlet/ Balinsasayaw Polyplectron emphanum Palawan Peacock Pheasant/Tandikan (Mammals) Sus barbatus Bearded Pig/ Baboy-damo Tupaia palawanesis Palawan Tree Shrew/Bising Pteropus vampyrus Palawan Flying Fox/Paniki Macaca fascicularis Long-tailed Macaque/Unggoy Manis javanica Malayan Pangolin/ Balinton Amblonyx cinerea Oriental Small-Clawed Otter/Benguen Hystrix pumila Palawan Porcupine/Durian Dugong dugon Dugong Tursiops truncatus Bottle-Nosed Dolphin (Reptiles) Chelonia mydas Green Turtle/Pawikan Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Turtle; Pawikan Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Turtle; Pawikan Carreta carreta Loggerhead Turtle; Pawikan Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Turtle; Pawikan (Fishes) Carangoides sp Kalapato Leiognathus sp. Sap-sap Scolopsis sp. Bisugo Centropyge vrolickii Angelfishes Pomacanthus imperator Angelfishes Lutjanus sp. Maya-maya Selar crumenophthalmus Matambaka Caranx sp Talakitok

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - 92 NIPAP Final Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 Chaetodon sp. Butterflyfish Cephalopolis boenak Lapu-Lapu/Grouper Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus Lapu-Lapu/Grouper Decapterus sp. Galunggong Selar sp. Alumahan (Invertebrates) Loligo sp. Squid/Pusit Octopus sp. Octopus Holothuria sp. Sea Cucumber/Balatan Charonia sp. Triton; Budyong Trochus sp. Top Shell; Samong Peneus sp. Shrimps; Hipon Tridacna sp. (all species) Giant Clams; Taklobo; Manlot; Letlet Acanthaster plancii Crown-of-thorns Lobster; Banagan Corals Apis sp Honeybee; Pukyutan (Algae) Caulerpa lentillifera Lato/Seaweeds C. racemosa Lato/Seaweeds (Mangrove Species) Ceriops decandra Malatangal Ceriops tagal Tangal Rhizophora apiculata Bakauan lalaki R. mucronata Bakauan babae R. stylosa Bakauan bato Bruguiera cylindrica Pototan-lalaki Bruguiera sexangula Pototan Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Busain Sonneratia caseolaaris Pagatpat Sonneratia alba Pedada Nypa fruticans Nipa Avicennia officinalis Bungalon/Api-Api Avicennia marina Miyapi/Api-Api (Seagrass) Enhalus acoroides Lusay/ Baryaw-Baryaw Syringodium isoetifolium Syringe grass Thalassia hemprichii Dugong grass Cymodocea sp. Halophila sp. Spoon grass; Baryaw-Baryaw (Forest Species) Calamus sp. Rattan, yantok Vanda sp. Orchids Intsia bijuga Ipil Pterocarpus indicus Narrra Phaelanopsis sp. Orchid Paphiopedilum sp. Lady slipper Orchid Nepenthes sp. Pitcher plant Lygodium sp. Nitto Dipeterocarpus grandifrlorus Apitong Diospyros discolor Kamagong

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B. MALAMPAYA SOUND PROTECTED LAND AND SEASCAPE Scientific Name Common Name/ Local Name (Birds) Ardea sp. Heron Egretta sp. Egret Chalcopaps indica Emerald Pigeon/Humamban Treron vernans Pink-Necked Green Pigeon/Punay Ptilinopus leclancheri Black-Chinned Fruit Dove/Punay P. melanospila Black-naped Fruit Dove/Punay Macropygia phasianella Reddish Cuckoo-Dove/Manuk-Manok Ducula aenea Green Imperial Pigeon/Balud Ducula bicolor Pied Imperial Pigeon/Kamaso Chrysocolaptes lucidus Greater Flameback/Patuktok Dryocopus javensis White-Bellied Woodpecker/Patuktok Mulleripicus funebris Great Slaty Flameback/Patuktok Halietus leucogaster White-Breasted Sea Eagle Spilornis cheela Serpent Eagle Prioniturus platenae Palawan Raquet-tail/ Loro Cacatua haematuropygia Philippine Cockatoo/Alabucay/Katala Tanygnathus lucionensis Blue-Naped Parrot/Pikoy Gallus gallus Jungle Fowl/Labuyo Megapodius cumingi Tabon Scrub-Fowl/Tabon Bird Gracula religiosa Talking Mynah/Kiaw Anthracoceros marchei Palawan Hornbill/Kalaw Callocalia fuciphaga Edible Swiftlet/ Balinsasayaw Polyplectron emphanum Palawan Peacock Pheasant/Tandikan (Mammals) Sus barbatus Bearded Pig/ Baboy-damo Tupaia palawanesis Palawan Tree Shrew/Bising Pteropus vampyrus Palawan Flying Fox/Paniki Macaca fascicularis Long-tailed Macaque/Unggoy Manis javanica Malayan Pangolin/ Balinton Amblonyx cinerea Oriental Small-Clawed Otter/Benguen Hystrix pumila Palawan Porcupine/Durian Dugong dugon Dugong Tursiops truncatus Bottle-Nosed Dolphin Orcealla brevirostris Irrawady Dolphin (Reptiles) Chelonia mydas Green Turtle/Pawikan Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Turtle; Pawikan Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Turtle; Pawikan Carreta carreta Loggerhead Turtle; Pawikan Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Turtle; Pawikan (Fishes) Carangoides sp Kalapato Leiognathus sp. Sap-sap Scolopsis sp. Bisugo Centropyge vrolickii Angelfishes Pomacanthus imperator Angelfishes Lutjanus sp. Maya-maya Selar crumenophthalmus Matambaka Caranx sp Talakitok Chaetodon sp. Butterflyfish

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - 94 NIPAP Final Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 Cephalopolis boenak Lapu-Lapu/Grouper Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus Lapu-Lapu/Grouper Decapterus sp. Galunggong Selar sp. Alumahan (Invertebrates) Loligo sp. Squid/Pusit Octopus sp. Octopus Holothuria sp. Sea Cucumber/Balatan Charonia sp. Triton; Budyong Trochus sp. Top Shell; Samong Peneus sp. Shrimps; Hipon Perna viridis Mussels Tridacna sp. (all species) Giant Clams; Taklobo; Manlot; Letlet Acanthaster plancii Crown-of-thorns Lobster; Banagan Corals Apis sp Honeybee; Pukyutan (Algae) Caulerpa lentillifera Lato/Seaweeds C. racemosa Lato/Seaweeds (Mangrove Species) Ceriops decandra Malatangal Ceriops tagal Tangal Rhizophora apiculata Bakauan lalaki R. mucronata Bakauan babae R. stylosa Bakauan bato Bruguiera cylindrica Pototan-lalaki Bruguiera sexangula Pototan Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Busain Sonneratia caseolaaris Pagatpat Sonneratia alba Pedada Nypa fruticans Nipa Avicennia officinalis Bungalon/Api-Api Avicennia marina Miyapi/Api-Api (Seagrass) Enhalus acoroides Lusay/ Baryaw-Baryaw Syringodium isoetifolium Syringe grass Thalassia hemprichii Dugong grass Cymodocea sp. Halophila sp. Spoon grass; Baryaw-Baryaw (Forest Species) Calamus sp. Rattan, yantok Vanda sp. Orchids Intsia bijuga Ipil Pterocarpus indicus Narrra Phaelanopsis sp. Orchid Paphiopedilum sp. Lady slipper Orchid Nepenthes sp. Pitcher plant Lygodium sp. Nitto Dipeterocarpus grandifrlorus Apitong Diospyros discolor Kamagong

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C. MT. GUITING-GUITING NATURAL PARK Scientific Name Common Name/ Local Name (Birds) Spilornis holospilos Serpent Eagle Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite Spizaetus philippensis Philippine Hawk Eagle Falco peregrinus Falcon Gallus gallus Red Jungle Fowl Phapitreron leucotis White-eared Brown Dove Ptilinopus occipitalis Yellow-breasted Fruit Dove Ptilinopus lechlancheri Black-chinned Fruit Dove Ducula poliocephala Pink-bellied Imperial Pigeon Streptopelia bitorquata Island Collared Dove Macropygia phasianella Reddish Cuckoo Dove Ducula carola Spotted Imperial Pigeon Ducula aenea Green Imperial Pigeon Tanygnathus lucionensis Blue-naped parrot Prioniturus discurus Blue-crowned Racquet-tail Halcyon wencheli nesydrionetes Rufous-lored Kingfisher Hypothymis coelestis Celestial Monarch Ninox philippinensis Philippine Hawk-owl (Mammals) Pteropus sp Flying fox Nyctimene rabori Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat Macaca fascicularis Long-tailed Macaque Sus philippinensis Philippine Warty Pig Vivierra tangalunga Civet Cat (Reptiles) Hydrosaurus pustulosus Philippine Sailfin Lizard Varanus salvator Water Monitor Lizard Sphenomorphus cumingi Cuming’s Eared Skink (Amphibian) Rana magna Giant Philippine Frog (Flora) Pterocarpus indica Narra Shorea sp Lauan Hedyacras philippinensis Mamoko Agathis philippinensis Almaciga Xanthostemon berdugonianus Tiga Mangifera philippinensis Pajo Cinnamomum mercadoi Kaningang Gnetum gnemon Bago Ervatamia hexagona Alibutbut Calamus sp Rattan Pandanus calceiformis Baraui Flagelaria indica Baling-uai Olax imbricata Malabagio Lygodium sp Nito Plocoglottis sp. Orchids

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D. MT. ISAROG NATURAL PARK Scientific Name Common Name/ Local Name (Birds) Loriculus philippensis Philippine Hanging Parakeet / Kulasisi Gallicolumba luzonica Bleeding Heart Pigeon / Punay Gallus gallus Red Jungle Fowl / Talon Mulleripicus funebris Sooty woodpecker/Ambalatok Dryocopus javanensis White-bellied Woodpecker Chrysocolaptes lucidus Greater Goldenback Dendrocopus maculatus Philippine Woodpecker Penelopides panini Tarictic Hornbill/Tariktik Buceros hydrocorax Rufous Hornbill /Kalaw Oriolus chinensis chinensis Black-naped Oriole/Kiyaw Spizaetus philippensis Philippine Hawk Eagle/Sabit/Tikwee Microhierax erythrogonys Philippine Falconet/Salibad Spilornis holospilus Philippine Serpent Eagle/Tikwee Haliastur Indus Brahminy Kite/Kulago (Mammals) Macaca fascicularis Philippine Long-tailed Macaque/ Unggoy Phloemys cumingii Southern Luzon Cloud Rat / Bugkun Cervus mariannus Philippine Brown Deer/ Usa Sus philippinensis Philippine Warty Pig / Baul Pteropus speciosus Philippine Giant Fruit Bat / Kabog, Paniki (Reptiles) Python reticulates Reticulated Python ; Sawa Varanus salvator Malay (water) Monitor Lizard /Goto (Flora) Cyathea contaminans Tree Fern / Pakong Buwaya Caryota cumingii Fish-Tailed Palm / Pugahan Calamus spp. Rattan / Huyo, Palasan Shorea contorta White Lauan / Hapnit; Apnit; Lauan Nepenthes spp. Pitcher Plant / Puro-pitsel Strongylodon macrobotrys Jade vine / Nipoy, Landian

E. MT. IGLIT-BACO NATIONAL PARK Scientific Name Common Name/ Local Name (Birds) Spilornis holospilos Serpent Eagle Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite Spizaetus philippensis Philippine Hawk Eagle Penelopides mindorensis Mindoro Hornbill Dendrocopos maculates validirostris Philippine Pygmy Woodpecker Dryocopus javensis White-Bellied Woodpecker Gallus gallus Red Jungle Fowl Phapitreron leucotis White-Eared Brown Dove Ducula mindorensis Mindoro Imperial Pigeon Ducula poliocephala Pink-Bellied Imperial Pigeon Macropygia phasianella Reddish Cuckoo Dove Gallicolumba platenae Mindoro Bleeding Heart Pigeon Ducula carola Spotted Imperial Pigeon

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - 97 NIPAP Final Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 Ducula aenea Green Imperial Pigeon Tanygnathus lucionensis Blue-Napped Parrot Prioniturus discurus Blue-crowned Racquet-tail Loriculus philippinensis mindorensis Philippine Hanging Parakeet Otus mindorensis Mindoro Scops Owl Dicaeum retrocinctum Scarlet-collared Flowerpecker Centropus steerii Black-hooded Coucal (Mammals) Cervus marianus Philippine Brown Deer Pteropus sp Flying fox Macaca fascicularis Long-tailed Macaque Sus philippinensis Philippine Warty Pig Bubalus mindorensis Tamaraw Rattus sp./ Apomys sp. etc. Rats / Mice (Reptiles) Hydrosaurus pustulosus Philippine Sailfin Lizard Varanus salvator Water Monitor Lizard Sphenomorphus cumingi Cuming’s Eared Skink (Amphibian) Rana magna Giant Philippine Frog (Flora) Pterocarpus indicus Narra Shorea contorta White lauan Albizia procera Akleng Parang Calamus sp Rattan Dioscorea hispida Nami Lygodium sp Nito

F. MT. MALINDANG NATURAL PARK Scientific Name Common Name/ Local Name (Birds) Pithecophaga jefferyi Philippine Eagle Sarcops calvus Coleto Spilornis halospilos Serpent Eagle Pitta erythrogaster Red-belied Pitta Haliastus Indus Brahminy Kite Penelopides panini affinis Tarictic Hornbill Gallus gallus Jungle Fowl Loriculus philippensis Philippine Hanging Parakeet (Mammals) Cervus marrianus Philippine Brown Deer Sus philippensis Philippine Warty Pig Macaca fascicularis Long-tailed Macaque Cynocephalus volans Philippine Flying Lemur Tarsius syrichta Philippine Tarsier Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Palm Civet (Flora) Shorea sp. Lauan Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Apitong Parashorea plicata Bagtikan Shorea guiso Guijo Syzygium nitidum Makaasim

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - 98 NIPAP Final Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 Eria polyura Orchid Plocoglottis mindorensis Orchid Vanilla ovalis Orchid Calamus spp. Rattan Medinilla magnifica Medinilla Agathis philipinnensis Almaciga Shorea squamata Mayapis Podocarpus imbricatus Igem Hopea philippinensis Guisok Palaquium luzoniense Nato

G. MT. PULAG NATIONAL PARK Scientific Name Common Name/ Local Name (Birds) Ptilinopus marchei Flame-breasted Fruit Dove/ Pag-ok Columba vitiensis Metallic Pigeon/ Dem-dem, Balog Macropygia phasianella Reddish Cuckoo Dove/Ibaw Prioniturus montamus Luzon Racket-tail/ Oli Phaenicophaeus cumingi Scale-feathered Malkoha/ Hikket Centropus viridis Philippine Coucal/ Duyoduy Chrysocolaptes lucidus haematribon Greater Flameback Dryocopus javensis White-belied Woodpecker/Kilahlah Spilornis cheela holospilus Crested Serpent Eagle Gallus gallus Red Jungle Fowl/ Habag Otus longicornis Luzon Scoops Owl/ Akop Otus megalotis Philippine Scoops Owl/ Akop Bubo philippensis Philippine Eagle Owl/ Puwapo Pitta kochi Whiskered Pitta/ Kong-kong Ryacornis bicolor Luzon Water Redstart/ King-king (Mammals) Macaca fascicularis Long-tailed Macaque Sus philippensis Philippine Warty Pig/ Ulha Cervus marianus Philippine Brown Deer /Makwa Acerodon jubatus Golden-crowned Flying Fox Phloemys pallidus Northern Giant Cloud Rat/ Buwet Crateromys scadenbergi Bushy-tailed Cloud Rat /Buwet

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APPENDIX TABLE 2 SUMMARY OF TRAINING & WORKSHOPS, 1998 – PAN PROJECT

ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Conflict Management Seminar Workshop (Boundary Delineation) 20 2 ITMEMS Symposium and pre- and post symposium courses 8 NIPAP Orientation Workshop on Participatory Approaches to Micro-project 3 10 Planning and Development The Economic Benefits of Protected Areas and opportunities for raising funds 4 2 via fees 5 Workshop “Validation of the resource Utilization Booklet” 6 6 Workshop “ Orientation on the Willingness to Pay Survey” 6 Participatory Planning Process with selected Communities on determining how 7 200 to meet Timber Demand for Domestic Use” Participatory Planning Process with selected Communities on determining 8 150 “Timber Demand for Domestic Use” 9 Workshop “ Orientation on the Willingness to Pay Survey” 45 10 NIPAP Second Rural Development Officers’ Training Workshop 12 Standardization of Project Documents: Introduction to the use of NIPAP 11 40 templates 12 GPS Training for Boundary delineation at Mt. Pulag 12 13 GPS Training for Boundary delineation at Mt. Guiting–guiting 19 14 Remote Sensing and GPS Orientation ?? 15 1998 AWP & Budget (EU and GoP) Orientation & Procedures 13 16 1998 AWP & Budget (EU and GoP) Orientation & Procedures 6 17 Training for EU/GOP Finance & Admin. Matters 16 20 1998 AWP & Budget (EU and GoP) Orientation & Procedures x 3 20 21 1999 AWP & Budget Preparation Workshop (EU and GoP) 35 22 Training for EU/GOP Finance & Admin. Matters 16 23 Boatmen Training 12 24 Land Rover Drivers’ Training 6 APPENDIX TABLE 3 TRAINING & WORKSHOPS, 1998 – CORON ISLAND

ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Diving Course (PADI) 2 2 Diving Course (PADI- Open waters) 2 3 First aid course 2 4 Paralegal Training on Illegal Activities within the Protected Areas 16 APPENDIX TABLE 4 TRAINING & WORKSHOPS, 1998 – EL NIDO

ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 EIC Planning on Rezoning of El Nido Marine Reserve Workshop 20 2 Paralegal Training on Illegal Activities within the Protected Areas 16 3 Diving Course (PADI) 2 4 Diving Course (PADI- Open waters) 2 5 First aid course 2 APPENDIX TABLE 5 TRAINING & WORKSHOPS, 1998 – MALAMPAYA SOUND

ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Diving Course (PADI) 2 2 Diving Course (PADI- Open waters) 2 3 First aid course 2 4 Paralegal Training on Illegal Activities within the Protected Areas 16

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ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 5 Joint Paralegal Training for El Nido, Coron and Malampaya Sound 4

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ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Introduction to Communication Planning For Rural Environmental Campaigns 2 Introduction to Environmental Conflict Management Approaches 3 Co-ordination Workshop on PA Management 1 4 Paralegal Training on Illegal Activities within the Protected Areas 16 Orientation Seminar on the Authorities and Functions of the Protected Area 5 25 Management Board 6 PAMB Orientation Seminar on Functions and Responsibilities 24 7 Follow-up meeting with MGGNP IEC core group 12 8 IEC Orientation Workshop 5 APPENDIX TABLE 7 TRAINING & WORKSHOPS, 1998 – MTS. IGLIT AND BACO

ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 PAMB Orientation-Seminar 3 2 PAMB Orientation Seminar on Functions and Responsibilities 24 APPENDIX TABLE 8 TRAINING & WORKSHOPS, 1998 – MT. ISAROG

ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Paralegal Training on Illegal Activities within the Protected Areas 16 2 PAMB Orientation Seminar on Functions and Responsibilities 24 3 PAMB Orientation 3 4 Leadership Skills Training and Conflict Management Seminar 25 5 PASu Day - Experience exchange 8 6 Basic Mountaineering Course 16 APPENDIX TABLE 9 TRAINING & WORKSHOPS, 1998 – MT. MALINDANG ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Paralegal Training on Illegal Activities within the Protected Areas 16 2 PAMB Orientation Seminar on Functions and Responsibilities 24 3 Strategic Framework Planning Workshop for Mt. Malindang National Park 35 4 Symposium – Values of Forest and Its Status 59 5 Public Consultation Re: NIPAS Law 53 6 Seminar – Forest Ecological Awareness and Protection 19 7 Seminar – Forest Ecological Awareness and Protection 19 8 Dialog – Forest Conservation Needs 89 9 Dialog – NIPAS Law vs. Prop. Subanen Municipality in Sitog 116 12 Dalaw-Turo – Forest Conservation Awareness Campaign x 3 159 18 Forest Ecological Awareness Seminar 145 19 Environmental Awareness Radio Program “Lantawan Sa Kinaiyahan” General Public 20 Environmental Awareness “Ang Kinaiyahan” General Public APPENDIX TABLE 10 TRAINING & WORKSHOPS, 1998 – MT. PULAG

ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Conflict Management Seminar Workshop (Boundary Delineation) 20 2 Paralegal Training on Illegal Activities within the Protected Areas 20 3 PAMB Orientation Seminar on Functions and Responsibilities 24 4 PAMB Orientation-Seminar 4

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - 102 NIPAP Final Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 APPENDIX TABLE 11 TRAINING, 1999 - PAN PROJECT ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Training on “IEC Planning and Basic Writing on Environmental issues” 14 2 Crash Course on IEC, Conflict Management and Boundary Delineation 18 3 3rd Rural Development Officers’ Training Workshop 13 Practical Training on Participatory 3-D Modeling (Mt. Pulag National Park and 4 80 Environs) 5 Fish Examiners Training (Phase I) 6 4th Rural Development Officers’ Training Workshop 20 7 Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) Training Workshop 11 8 Fish Examiners’ Training (Phase II) 6th Livelihood, Resource Use and Community Development M&E and Training 9 22 Workshop 10 Computer Literacy Training 15 11 GoP Counterpart fund/EU Grant Fund Orientation Procedures 8 12 NIPAP GoP Counterpart fund Utilization & PASu Trainers Workshop 60 APPENDIX TABLE 12 TRAINING, 1999 - CORON ISLAND ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 3rd Rural Development Officers’ Training Workshop 2 Installation of Computerized Accounting System/Orientation & Training / 2 6 Reconciliation of Accounting Records 3 Fish Examiners Training (Phase I) 2 4 Fish Examiners’ Training (Phase II) 2 5 4th Rural Development Officers’ Training Workshop 1 6 Basic Motorbike Training/Safety Course 20 7 Moral Recovery and Team Building Seminar 64 APPENDIX TABLE 13 TRAINING, 1999 - EL NIDO ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 PAMB Members’ Orientation 2 Fish Examiners Training (Phase I) 2 3 Fish Examiners’ Training (Phase II) 2 4 Para-legal training of Bantay Dagat (Volunteers) 43 5 Marine Turtle Hatchery Training 6 Fire Prevention and Management APPENDIX TABLE 14 TRAINING, 1999 - MALAMPAYA SOUND ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Fish Examiners Training (Phase I) 3 2 Fish Examiners’ Training (Phase II) 3 3 Fish Warden Training 38 4 Orientation/Seminar on the Authorities and Functions of the PAMB 58 APPENDIX TABLE 15 TRAINING, 1999 - MT. GUITING-GUITING ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Orientation Seminar on Community Based Forest Management (CBFM) 25 2 Basic Motorbike Training/Safety Course 17 3 First Aid Training 17 4 Jungle Survival Training 5 Fire Control and Management Training 21

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - 103 NIPAP Final Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 APPENDIX TABLE 16 TRAINING, 1999 - MOUNTS IGLIT AND BACO ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS Orientation & Training on EU Accounting Records & other recording/monitoring 1 4 activities for the GoP counterpart funds 2 Training/Orientation on PASA and SR PAO 30 3 Law enforcement and Jungle Survival Training 7 APPENDIX TABLE 17 SUMMARY OF TRAINING, 1999 - MT. ISAROG ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Training on the IPAF and the Setting of Fees 20 2 Crop husbandry of Watermelon and Onions 51 3 Rapid Composting by the use of Activators 11

Basic Motorbike Training/Safety Course 13 4 5 Native Chicken Production and Management 21 6 3rd Rural Development Officers’ Training Workshop 5 7 Para-Legal Training for Mountaineering Groups 15 Practical Training on Participatory 3-D Modeling (Mt. Pulag National Park and 8 1 Environs) 9 Beekeeping (Apis cerana) 11 10 Market Based Strategy for Determining Fees for Protected Areas 2 11 SRPAO orientation done in preparation of the joint survey of PA occupants 8 Installation of Computerized Accounting System/Orientation & Training / 12 10 Reconciliation of Accounting Records 13 4th Rural Development Officers’ Training Workshop 6 14 Training on Participatory Learning and Action 60 15 Product Development Seminar 1 16 Training on Participatory Learning and Action 48 17 Organic Vegetable Farming 11 18 Organic Vegetable Farming 16 19 IEC Campaign Planning and Basic Writing for the Environment 2 20 Paralegal Training for Bantay- Bundok Volunteers 26 21 Organic Vegetable Farming 23 22 Beekeeping (Apis cerana) 5 Biodiversity Monitoring System (BMS) Training for Protected Area Staff (Phase 23 25 I) 24 Native Chicken Production 5 25 Swine Raising 6 26 Native Chicken Production 7 27 Backyard Swine Production 17 APPENDIX TABLE 18 TRAINING, 1999 - MT. MALINDANG NATIONAL ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Bantay Lasang Seminar on DENR –NIPAP special Project 53 2 Basic Motorbike Training/Safety Course 13 3 Documentation, (Para legal) Seminar Workshop for DENRO’s 26 4 3rd Rural Development Officers’ Training Workshop 3 Installation of Computerized Accounting System/Orientation & Training / 5 6 Reconciliation of Accounting Records 6 Basic First aid Training 33 7 4th Rural Development Officers’ Training Workshop 2

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - 104 NIPAP Final Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 APPENDIX TABLE 19 TRAINING, 1999 - MT. PULAG NATIONAL ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Computer Literacy Training 2 2 Crash Course on IEC, Conflict Management and Boundary Delineation 2 3 Basic Motorbike Training/Safety Course 8 4 3rd Rural Development Officers’ Training Workshop 3 Installation of Computerized Accounting System/Orientation & Training / 5 8 Reconciliation of Accounting Records 6 SRPAO orientation 12 7 Fish Examiners Training 2 8 4th Rural Development Officers’ Training Workshop 1 9 Participatory Learning and Action Training Workshop 2 10 Protected Area Office staff Assessment 11 11 IEC Campaign Planning and Basic Writing for the Environment 2 12 GoP Counterpart Workshop 2 13 Biodiversity Information and Management System (BIMS) Training 1 Biodiversity Monitoring System (BMS) Training for Protected Area Staff (Phase 14 1 I) 15 RBI and SRPAO Orientation 31 16 Paralegal Training APPENDIX TABLE 20 WORKSHOPS, 1999 – PAN PROJECT ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS PASu Consultation Workshop for the finalization of the “Filipino Park Ranger’s 1 Training Manual” and “PASu Management Manual and Essentials of Protected 12 Area Management” Year-end Assessment and Forest Protection, Fire Control and Management 2 44 Workshop 3 NIPAP 1999 Planning Forum 50 4 Dissemination Workshop “Synopsis of the BCN Results” 3 “Biodiversity issues, the NIPAS Act and the National Integrated Protected Areas 5 Ca. 400 Programme”, Lecture. Philippine Agricultural Economics and Development Association’s Conference on 6 Ca. 200 the Agricultural and Fisheries Modernization Act 7 Leveling-off Workshop on Environmental Compliance Certificates (ECC) 20 PowerPoint presentation on Participatory 3-D Modeling: “Making information 8 Tangible: Experiences in Promoting Collaborative Natural Resource 18 Management in the Philippines”. NIPAP Livelihood, Resource Use and Community Development Strategy and 9 9 Achievements. Presentation Presentation: Making Information Tangible through Participatory 3-Dimensional 10 Modeling: experiences in Collaborative Natural Resource Management in the 28 Philippines Presentation: Making Information Tangible: Collaborative Natural Resource 11 40 Management through 3-D Modeling in the Philippines NIPAP 1999 Planning Forum (lecture on Principles of Monitoring and Evaluation 12 8 and presentation of the Project Progress Monitoring Form 13 1999 EU Finance Manual Review & GoP Budget Re-programming 45 AWP&B 4TH Qtr. 1999 & Year 2000 Workshop/ Consultations on EU & GoP 14 26 Funds 15 Consultation/Orientation on NIPAP Disbursement of funds 28 16 Team Building Workshop 40

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - 105 NIPAP Final Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 APPENDIX TABLE 21 WORKSHOPS, 1999 – CORON ISLAND ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 1st Photo Exhibit on Environmental Awareness 36 NIPAP’s Orientation on Objectives, Implementation Strategies and the NIPAS 2 73 Act 3 Photo Exhibit on Environmental Awareness 138 4 School Visit 75 5 School Visit 44 6 Photo exhibit on Environmental Awareness 87 7 Awareness Test for PAO Personnel 18 8 Radio Broadcast (30 minutes) N/A APPENDIX TABLE 22 WORKSHOPS, 1999 – EL NIDO ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 19 Community-Based Fisheries Management Consultation Process x 19 507 + 20 Participatory 3-D Modeling of El Nido Municipality including the ENMRPA 70 Validation Workshop on the Community-Based Fisheries Management 21 25 Consultation 22 Planning Workshop for El Nido Managed Resource Protected Area 60 APPENDIX TABLE 23 WORKSHOPS, 1999 – MALAMPAYA SOUND ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 PAMB Orientation Seminar 32 2 Coral Reef Education for Students and Teachers 30 3 CREST Re-echo Seminar Workshop 133 4 Ecological Solid Waste Management Seminar/Workshop 59 APPENDIX TABLE 24 WORKSHOPS, 1999 – MT. GUITING-GUITING ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 CBFM Orientation 2 Dalaw Turo 3 Consultations on Boundary Delineation 4 Focused Group Discussion with women IP on access to timber for domestic use 20 5 Advance Leadership Training and Environmental Protection Seminar for ECPISR 120 6 Environmental Protection Seminar 33 7 Peace Corps Volunteers Seminar 48 8 Environmental Protection Seminar 18 9 Eco-scout Training 63 10 Briefing Seminar on Mt. Guiting-Guiting 210 11 Eco-scout Training on Butterfly Farming 12 Medical Mission Ca. 600 18 CBFM Orientation and Action Planning Workshop x 5 131 Participatory 3-D Modelling (1:5,000 scale) of the CBFM area in Barangay 19 6 España, San Fernando, Sibuyan Island 20 Participatory 3-D Modelling of Sibuyan Island including MGGNP (1:10,000 scale) 101 21 Team Building Seminar Workshop APPENDIX TABLE 25 SUMMARY OF WORKSHOPS, 1999 – MOUNTS IGLIT-BACO ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Radio Programme 2 Poster Making Contest 36

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - 106 NIPAP Final Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 APPENDIX TABLE 26 WORKSHOPS, 1999 – MT. ISAROG ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS Seminar IEC Approaches, Conflict Management and Boundary Delineation 1 3 Procedures. 2 Mission-Vision Workshop for Mt. Isarog 45 3 MINP Strategic Planning Framework Development Workshop 68 4 Conference on Philippine Watershed Management 1 Slides show in English and Bicolano as part of a two month information 5 Ca. 200 campaign on Mt. Isarog National Park 6 A PAO Teambuilding session for better working relationship and co-ordination. 25 7 Participatory 3-D Modeling of Mt. Isarog National Park and Environs 231 8 Orientation Workshop on Biodiversity, NIPAS, NIPAP and PAMB 4 9 Orientation on Biodiversity/ NIPAS Act 19 10 IEC on Biodiversity, NIPAS Act, NIPAP and PAMB 912 11 Orientation on MINP cum Poster Making Contest 41 12 NIPAS Act/ Biodiversity 92 13 Philippine Watershed Management Coalition Assembly Seminar 1 14 PAMB Orientation on the Roles and Responsibilities of the PAMB 30 15 Basic Ecology Seminar 30 16 Orientation on Biodiversity and NIPAS 22 17 GMP Presentation Workshop 25 18 Symposium on Ecological Awareness 2 APPENDIX TABLE 27 WORKSHOPS, 1999 - MT. PULAG ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Biodiversity 46 2 Biodiversity, NIPAS Act and PAMB Section 45 3 Biodiversity and NIPAS Act 41 4 Orientation Seminar on the Authority and Functions of the PAMB 5 Participatory 3-D Modeling of Mt. Pulag National Park and Environs 79 6 Orientation Seminar on IEC, Conflict Management and Boundary Delineation 46 7 Orientation Seminar on “Survey and Registration of PA Occupants (SRPAO)” 12 8 Family Planning and Gender Development 60 9 Biodiversity Conservation 30 Cross-Visit to the TPED Model Bio-Gas Digester at Wangal, La Trinidad, 10 3 Benguet IEC Planning Workshop defining the Community-Based Protected Area 11 Management Strategy (CBPAMS) 12 Integrated Pest Management Orientation 43 13 Community Planning 21 14 NIPAP Act 35 15 Co-operation Workshop between CASCADE and NIPAP 60 16 Community Planning 25 17 Barangay Development Planning 15 18 Public Hearing 224

Public Hearing 130 19

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - 107 NIPAP Final Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 APPENDIX TABLE 28 WORKSHOPS, 1999 - MT. MALINDANG ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Bantay Banwa Seminar 53 2 Orientation Seminar on DENR-NIPAP Special Project 51 3 Lay Ministers Seminar 41 4 Basic Safety Driving Seminar 23 5 Forest Protection Seminar 36 “Orientation and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)” sponsored by SEARCA 6 35 and RAWOO 7 Strategic Framework Planning Workshop for Mt. Malindang 35 8 2nd Cluster-Strategic Framework Development Workshop 25 9 Orientation-Seminar on DENR-NIPAP-CARE Special Project 45 10 Land claimants meeting 33 11 Documentation Seminar (Para-legal) Workshop for DENROs) 26 12 Cross Visit to the Xavier University Sustainable Agriculture 17 13 Protected Area Planning Workshop 47 14 Seminar Workshop on Philippine Biodiversity and Wildlife Education 53 15 Seminar Workshop on Philippine Biodiversity and Wildlife Education 45 16 Protected Area Planning Workshop 47 17 Youth Environmental Summit 40 18 Consultation on Land Status in Sicot 27 19 Stakeholders Assembly on Mt. Malindang 37 20 Media Seminar on Mt. Malindang 35 Orientation-Seminar on Conservation and Protection of Mt. Malindang for LGU of 21 74 Pana-on 22 Talk on Jubille of the Earth 1000 23 Orientation Seminar on the Roles and Functions of DENRO’s 31 24 Participatory 3 D Modelling of Mt. Malindang and Environs 119 25 Educational Tour/Field Trip to Lake Duminagat 35 26 Consultation Meeting with LGU of Conception 35 27 Dalaw Turo 80 28 Dalaw Turo 75 29 Presentation of Management Strategies of MMNP 66 Lecture of Mt. Malindang Situationer during the Barangay Administration Training 30 100 of LGU Ozamiz Lecture of Mt. Malindang Situationer during the Barangay Administration Training 31 100 of LGU Ozamiz 32 Cross Visit to Sustainable Agriculture Sites 20 33 PAO Planning Workshop 16 34 IEC Campaign Planning Workshop 35 35 Christmas Symbol Exhibit (display of P 3-D Model of MMNP and NIPAP Posters) N/A APPENDIX TABLE 29 TRAINING, 2000 - PAN PROJECT ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS Training on Participatory 3-D Modeling of The Pamitinan Protected Landscape 1 93 and its environs 2 Basic Course on Fund Raising 2 3 Training on Participatory 3-D Modeling (extraction of information) 7 Preparation Of Resource Persons For The Pilot Test Of The Protected Area 4 9 Management Course (Trainer's Enhancement Program) Training of Trainers 5 Basic Course on Fund Raising 3 6 Basic Course on Fund Raising 6 7 Restricted Land Mobile Orientation and SR3 Portable HF-SSB Radio Operation 45

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - 108 NIPAP Final Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 APPENDIX TABLE 30 TRAINING, 2000 - CORON ISLAND ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS Paralegal Training on Fisheries and Coastal Law for the deputisation of 1 70 Community Fish Wardens 2 Tagbanua Cultural Sensitivity Training 58 3 National Biodiversity Conservation Priority Setting Workshop 1 APPENDIX TABLE 31 TRAINING, 2000 – EL NIDO ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS Paralegal Training on Fisheries and Coastal Law for the deputisation of 1 57 Community Fish Wardens 2 IPAF Training (Phase 1) 19 3 Biodiversity Monitoring System (Phase 1 & 2) 30 Training Needs Assessment for Strengthening Integration of Protected Area 4 18 Stakeholders Paralegal Training on Fisheries and Coastal Law for the deputisation of 5 21 Community Fish Wardens 6 Strengthening Integration of Protected Area Stakeholders (SIPAS) Training 16 IPAF Training (Phase 2 - Roundtable discussions on the implementation and 7 15 management of IPAF sub-account) 8 Biodiversity Monitoring System (Phase 3) 20 APPENDIX TABLE 32 TRAINING, 2000 – MALAMPAYA SOUND ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 IPAF Training (Phase 1) 18 2 Coral Reef Education to Communities 34 3 National Biodiversity Conservation Priority Setting Workshop 1 IPAF Training (Phase 2 - Roundtable discussions on the implementation and 4 12 management of IPAF sub-account) 5 Computer Hands-on Training on MS Word, Excel and Photo Shop Scanners 6 6 Capability Enhancement 45 APPENDIX TABLE 33 TRAINING, 2000 – MT. GUITING-GUITING

ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 IPAF Training (Phase 1) 19 2 Installation of the Biodiversity Monitoring System (Phase 1 and 2) 23 3 CBFM Communication skills Training 32 4 Paralegal Training for Bantay Kalikasan Volunteers 44 5 Biodiversity Monitoring System (Phase 3) 10 APPENDIX TABLE 34 TRAINING, 2000 – MTS. IGLIT - BACO

ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 IPAF Training (Phase 1) 19 2 Biodiversity Monitoring System (Phase 1 & 2) 26 IPAF Training (Phase 2 - Roundtable discussions on IPAF implementation and 3 13 management)

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - 109 NIPAP Final Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 APPENDIX TABLE 35 TRAINING, 2000 – MT. ISAROG ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Basic Ecology Training 25 2 Installation of the Biodiversity Monitoring Systems Phase 3 9 3 Orientation on Biodiversity Monitoring Systems 25 4 ParaVet Training 13 5 Small Business Management Training 9 6 Candy Making Training 9 7 Cutflower Production Training 9 8 IPAF Training (Phase 1) 38 9 PARA-LEGAL Training for PAMB Members 29 IPAF Training (Phase 2- Roundtable Discussions on Administrative and Legal 10 12 aspects of IPAF) APPENDIX TABLE 36 TRAINING, 2000 – MT. MALINDANG

ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Bio-intensive Gardening Technology 14 2 Training on High Value 14 3 IPAF Training (Phase 1) 41 4 Biodiversity Monitoring System (Phase 1 and 2) 24 IPAF Training (Phase 2 - Roundtable discussions on the implementation and 5 18 management of IPAF sub-account) APPENDIX TABLE 37 TRAINING, 2000 – MT. PULAG

ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Installation of the Biodiversity Monitoring System (Phase 1 and 2) 23 2 Tour Guide Training 27 3 Basic Orientation Course on Citrus Propagation and Production 20 4 Camote and Potato Processing Hands-on Training 11 5 GPS training 19 6 First-Aid Training 16 7 Biodiversity Monitoring System (Phase 3) 13 8 IPAF Training (Phase I) 25 APPENDIX TABLE 38 WORKSHOPS, 2000 – PAN PROJECT ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS IPAS Technical Coordinating Committee Meeting: Presentation of NIPAP no- 1 19 cost Extension Plan and BMS Update 2 Community Organizing Workshop 1 3 Workshop on Ecological Destination 1 4 National Biodiversity Priority Setting Workshop 1 Presentation: Making Information Tangible: Collaborative Natural Resource 5 35 Management through 3-D Modeling in the Philippines Roundtable Discussion on Foreign Assisted Projects: Issues, Concerns and 6 23 Emerging Concepts: NIPAP's Participatory 3-D Modeling and M&E Systems Manuals and other Key Documents: Status Assessment and Action Planning 7 14 Workshop Sustainability Factors in Protected Area management: Results of Case 8 Studies done in the Framework of the National Integrated Protected Areas 8 Programme Presentation: Participatory 3-Dimensional Modeling: Merging GIS Data with 9 42 People’s Knowledge; The Use of Mapping Tools Conference-Workshop on the State of Community Mapping and Resource 10 Ca. 40 Management Planning in the Philippines Participatory 3-D Modeling: a Means of communication for Designing, 11 15 Managing and Monitoring Community-based Interventions 12 5th Seminar on GIS and Developing Countries, GISDECO 2000. Ca. 60

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - 110 NIPAP Final Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS Presentation: Exploring the Synergies of GIS and Participatory 3-D Modeling to Increase Local Communication Capacity 13 Curriculum Vitae Preparation Workshop 50 APPENDIX TABLE 39 WORKSHOPS, 2000 – CORON ISLAND ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS Meeting with the Tagbanua Foundation of Coron Island (TFCI) re. 1 32 establishment of fee system in Coron Island Consultation with tourism sector re. establishment of entrance fee in 2 73 Kayangan Lake Workshop: Preparation Of Resource Persons For The Pilot Test Of The 3 11 Protected Area Management Course (Part 2 Write shop) 4 2nd Consultation on the Establishment of A Fee System for Coron Island 23 5 NIPAP-TFCI Consultation on the Coron Island Management Plan 35 6 National Biodiversity Conservation Priority Setting Workshop 1 APPENDIX TABLE 40 WORKSHOPS, 2000 – EL NIDO ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Team Building Workshop 60 2 Phase-in/Phase-out Workshop 42 Training Needs Assessment for Strengthening Integration of Protected Area 3 18 Stakeholders 4 National Biodiversity Conservation Priority Setting Workshop 1 APPENDIX TABLE 41 WORKSHOPS, 2000 – MALAMPAYA SOUND ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Team Building Workshop 8 2 Solid Waste Management Seminar/Workshop 21 3 Phase-in/Phase-out Workshop 42 Participatory 3-D Modeling of Malampaya Sound Protected Area and 4 87 Seascape (1:20,000 scale) 5 Strategic Planning Workshop 69 6 National Biodiversity Conservation Priority Setting Workshop 1 Coral Reef Education to Communities and Ecological Waste Management 7 80 Seminar APPENDIX TABLE 42 WORKSHOPS, 2000 – MT. GUITING-GUITING ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Phase-in/Phase-out Workshop 35 Romblon Strategic Planning Workshop on Eco-Tourism and Sustainable 2 1 Development. APPENDIX TABLE 43 WORKSHOPS, 2000 – MTS IGLIT-BACO ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Team Building Seminar Workshop 65 2 Resources Basic Inventory Orientation Workshop 38 3 Preliminary Stakeholder Consultation Seminar Workshop 73 4 IEC Orientation for Mts. Iglit-Baco National Park 12 5 Strategic Planning Workshop 57 APPENDIX TABLE 44 WORKSHOPS, 2000 – MT. ISAROG ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 7th RDO Workshop: Micro-project Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation 17 2 PAO Planning Workshop 36 3 Phase-in/Phase-out Workshop 42

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - 111 NIPAP Final Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 APPENDIX TABLE 45 WORKSHOPS, 2000 – MT. MALINDANG NATIONAL ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Phase-in/Phase-out Workshop 33 2 2nd Stakeholders Orientation Workshop 42 3 Re-Echo Seminar Workshop (CV & Staff Development Workshop) 25 APPENDIX TABLE 46 WORKSHOPS, 2000 – MT. PULAG ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Phase-in/Phase-out Workshop 42 2 Re-Echo Seminar Workshop (CV & Staff Development Workshop) 17 APPENDIX TABLE 47 TRAINING, 2001 – CORON ISLAND ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS Refresher Course on Fishery Law Enforcement and Examination of Fish 27 1 Poisonous Substances APPENDIX TABLE 48 TRAINING, 2001 – EL NIDO ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Biodiversity Monitoring System (Phase 4) APPENDIX TABLE 49 TRAINING, 2001 – MALAMPAYA SOUND ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Paralegal Training (Phase 1) 40 2 International Training on Management and Conservation of Protected Areas 1 3 Paralegal Training (Phase 2) 40 4 Biodiversity Monitoring System (Phase 1 and 2) 31 APPENDIX TABLE 50 TRAINING, 2001 – MT. GUITING-GUITING ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 IPAF Roundtable Discussion (Training) 23 2 Biodiversity Monitoring System (Phase 4) 9 APPENDIX TABLE 51 TRAINING, 2001 – MT. IGLIT-BACO ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Biodiversity Monitoring System (Phase 3) 12 APPENDIX TABLE 52 TRAINING, 2001 – MT. ISAROG ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Biodiversity Monitoring System (Phase 4) 2 Simple Book-keeping APPENDIX TABLE 53 TRAINING, 2001 – MT. MALINDANG ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Biodiversity Monitoring System (Phase 3) 1 Library Orientation and Training 1 APPENDIX TABLE 54 TRAINING, 2001 – MT. PULAG ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 IPAF Roundtable Discussion (Training) 17 2 Basic First Aid Training APPENDIX TABLE 55 WORKSHOP, 2001 – CORON ISLAND ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Refresher Course on Fishery Law Enforcement and Examination of Fish 27 Poisonous Substances

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - 112 NIPAP Final Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001

WORKSHOP, 2001 – EL NIDO - NONE

WORKSHOP, 2001 – MALAMPAYA SOUND – NONE

APPENDIX TABLE 56 WORKSHOP, 2001 – MT. GUITING-GUITING ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS Environmental Protection, Conservation, Values Formation and Team Building 1 Workshop 2 Presentation and Launching of Management Strategy for MGGNP APPENDIX TABLE 57 WORKSHOP, 2001 – MT. IGLIT-BACO ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Public Hearing Hundreds 2 Public Hearing Hundreds 3 Public Hearing Hundreds

WORKSHOP, 2001 – MT. ISAROG - NONE

WORKSHOP, 2001 – MT. MALINDANG - NONE

APPENDIX TABLE 58 WORKSHOP, 2001 – MT. PULAG ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP PARTICIPANTS 1 Phase-in/Phase-out Workshop 42 2 Re-Echo Seminar Workshop (CV & Staff Development Workshop) 17 3 GMP Presentation 4 Orientation of MPITGA

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - 113 NIPAP Final Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001

APPENDIX 6 SUMMARY STATUS OF THE LIVELIHOOD PILOT PROJECTS AT THE END OF 1999 APPENDIX TABLE 59 SUMMARY STATUS OF THE LIVELIHOOD PILOT PROJECTS AT THE END OF 1999 Reference Performance Performance Performance Performance Performance Impact Performance Performance Performance Impact Target Area

Benchmark Indicator Indicator Indicator Indicator Indicator Indicator Indicator Indicator Indicator Indicator

l l l i l i i i l i i i i j j i

l i i i l ’ l l i i i i l i i i i i i i i i i i l l j j i i l l l l i l i t . f t f t t t I t f t t f t t t

N o . o f h o u P s e e r h c o e n d t s a g r e e N s o o . f d o n n f o g T n I o - n t r n t a e W e s t o r n o h m e o u e e s . r T n t c T o T o e o t a s g f t a r r b a g p o w a n e a u o s n o t r p m e o . t s e d . B T n o a c o f o f r t o m n f a p a r e m n a m m t m e g t n e b e n a o d e a m y o . r N t b m / n o e e s o o . v r m f f e s b t n o s e h I f ( r o I o n ( n u t M M n o t s e d f e e r c c r h e r r v I e o s o o n s t - - d t t d p p u e s G r r a r g r o o e r b o s s o e u e e ) t u p c c p n s t t o G s g s s f r ) o ( r a I u a e p n p s p p t s r r e % e o r s v e o e e s n n d t t t e a G h d n r e d o u t n u p o n s t a d a e r n I o n a . t c e t o r u f e a s m t e m m G p b r e o e r u m s p e ) s n t a t o n o a n o P e o r c h e o n u s a e g h e o o d s h o b u e s e n h g o r d e s p r e n s e n h e e d a r n g e G a s r e a m p b e e n m e e n n n g g M r c o r m o - P p r r o o e e c c A s s s s a n c e NIPAP site Barangay T Harubay 264 8 25.0% 27 51 78 34.6% 78 5 25 29.5% Villaflorida 132 9 33.3% 44 58 102 43.1% 101 1 38 76.5% Panicuason 317 8 50.0% 34 31 65 52.3% 65 2 0 20.5% MINP Del Rosario 82 6 66.7% 27 18 45 60.0% 32 3 0 39.0% and Curry Cawaynan 213 8 0.0% 42 40 82 51.2% 82 0 0 38.5% Tawangan 131 6 33.3% 21 35 56 37.5% 52 3 0 39.7% MPNP Bashoy 83 8 75.0% 52 26 78 66.7% 78 3 8 94.0% Sicot 86 7 0.0% 36 18 54 66.7% 32 4 22 37.2% MMNP Sitio Tipan 65 3 0.0% 16 25 41 39.0% 40 1 10 61.5% (S. Abordo) Baguan 75 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0.0% Daan Coron island Cabugao (excluding Delian 276 1 100.0% 0 13 13 0.0% 13 1 13 4.7% Island) ENMRPA All 126 2 100.0% 8 57 65 12.3% 55 0 0 43.7% Mt. Guiting- Espana 150 1 0.0% 2 41 43 4.7% 43 0 0 28.7% guiting Malampaya Abongan and 80 1 0.0% 4 68 72 5.6% 72 0 0 90.0% Sound Bato TOTALS 2,080 68 35.3% 313 481 794 39.4% 743 23 116 35.7% Target(s) 2,200 75 35.0% N/A N/A 800 50% N/A N/A N/A 40.0% Accomplishment 94.5% 90.7% 100.8% 99.3% 78.8% 89.3%

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - NIPAP Final Report\Technical114 Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 APPENDIX 7 SUMMARY OF THE ASSESSMENT OF THE LIVELIHOOD PROJECT IN MT. ISAROG

1 FOUR THINGS ARE STRIKING ABOUT THIS PIECE OF WORK  As set out below, the report has come up with some very interesting observations.  The output is almost perfect in terms of what a project requires from a TA: he exceeded his ToR (visiting all the sites, instead of only a sample); he produced a good report, with practicable recommendations and presented it as hard and soft copies, without any prompting; he worked away so unobtrusively that we even forgot he was around; and he made very few demands on NIPAP staff.  The standard of work comes out at the top end of everything we have received from short-term – and even some long-term - TAs over the past 2.5 years. And, at about 25% of the cost.  The report is concise and to the point, being backed up by an appendix containing detailed reports on each of the 25 micro-projects.

2 THE REPORT COMMENTS OF THE SUCCESS OF THE VARIOUS TYPES OF MICRO-PROJECT  Organic Rice Farming – not implemented  Organic Vegetable Production – failure  Multiple Cropping and Tiger Grass Production – not sucessful  Ginger Production – partly successful  Compost Production – successful  Native Chicken Production – dismal results  Swine Production – partly successful  Native Bee Keeping – in general, the project did not result to an increase in the number of colonies. Only one . . . . . was partly successful  Candy Making – continues at a reduced rate.  T-shirt Printing – appears to have failed.  The Bantay Bundok (Guardian – of the – Mountain) project has been successful in curbing illegal activities in the protected area.

3 THE REPORT DISCUSSES SUCCESS AND FAILURE FACTORS. Section 4.0 is the most interesting part of the report, suggesting that the following factors are critical. 3.1 Climate Bad weather had an adverse impact on vegetable, native chicken, swine and beekeeping projects. This not only shows how farmers struggle but also suggests that some activities may be inappropriate around Mt. Isarog. 3.2 Pests and Diseases Apparently exacerbated by the weather and clearly another example of how farmers have to struggle. 3.3 Technical Factors This suggests a number of interesting issues: ➢ Poor adaptability of introduced varieties; ➢ Lack of technical advice or, where it was given, insufficient FOLLOW- UP visits; and

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - 115 NIPAP Final Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 ➢ Lack of project Technical knowledge, especially in terms of livestock handling. These are all standard failures of poor extension. 3.4 Implementation Management Of the communal projects, only 3 (out of 14) were successful or partly successful while of the 5 carried out on an individual basis, 3 were successful or partly successful. Mono suggests that this is because there is a direct relationship between labour input and returns. As he said in the office, communism has failed elsewhere in the world so why would we expect it to work at Mt. Isarog.

4 RECOMMENDATIONS – A WAY FORWARD Mono makes very useful comments here. Thus 4.1 On Livelihood as a Project Component Not enough time. Mono says agri-based projects should have a minimum period of two years of actual implementation. 4.2 On People’s Organizations vs. Interest Groups POs have a better chance of sustainability; IGs allow faster formation. 4.3 On Phasing Business Development with Community Organising Need to develop business skills. 4.4 On Traditional Practices vs. New Technologies Using existing systems as a basis for improvement is better than introducing new systems. 4.5 On Demonstration vs. Income Generating Projects These are two different types of project, the former needing to prove that a practice is worthwhile in terms of future income-generation. 4.6 On Individual vs. Communal Production Individual production is better than communal. 4.7 On Cooperative Contract Growing to Finance Production Grants ...... reinforce the dole-out mentality. Mono recommends other ways of generating liquidity. 4.8 On Technical Training Training needs to be tailored to the individual.

5 GENERAL COMMENTS BY THE EUROPEAN CO-DIRECTOR The report usefully reinforces the ECD view that the micro-project part of NIPAP was irrelevant to the primary activity of establishing projected areas within the NIPAS legislation. At best it may have bribed some communities to accept NIPAP and provided a bit of extra income for a few people. At worst it may have distracted local farmers from their primary activity of struggling to survive in a natural and political world that is not sympathetic towards them. Moreover, to suggest that the micro- projects are pilot projects is rather beside the point because pilot projects indicate follow-up activities; there never was an intention to follow up on the NIPAP livelihood component. However, there are two qualifications to this view. First, despite the irrelevance of the NIPAP livelihood effort, there is a need to tackle the livelihood problem in some way because it is the demands on the Mt. Isarog forest being made by the poor people living around it that are causing it to shrink. Their economic needs must be met and it is unjust to expect poor local people to bear the costs of PA establishement. All the same, the answers are far beyond the abilities of NIPAP to supply; beyond, in fact,

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - 116 NIPAP Final Report\Technical Report.doc NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 any type of unilateral project that has to operate in a national economy (and society) that needs to radically re-structure to solve the problem of rural poverty. One might suggest that the solution is even beyond the nation, given the nature of the globalized economy in which it is forced to operate. Second, the failures of the Mt. Isarog micro-projects programme were almost inevitable given the nature of the NIPAP project as a whole, where Mt. Isarog is one of three livelihood programmes; where only 3% of the budget was allocated to livelihood activities; and where there just was not enough time to work with and gain the trust of local people. And, moreover, where the design placed far to much confidence in non-Filipino TAs. The question we have to ask ourselves is why our Euro-arrogance did not allow the project to employ and adequately pay someone like Mono Panganiban in the first place!

C:\Users\benchlemon\Documents\Special Project LIS 290\References\NIPAP\NIPAP FINAL REPORT\1 - 117 NIPAP Final Report\Technical Report.doc