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Report of the Second Workshop on the Biology and Conservation of Small Cetaceans and Dugongs of South-East Asia

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Report of the Second Workshop on the Biology and Conservation of Small Cetaceans and Dugongs of South-East Asia CMS Technical Series Publication Nº 9 Report of the Second Workshop on The Biology and Conservation of Small Cetaceans and Dugongs of South-East Asia Edited by W. F. Perrin, R. R. Reeves, M. L. L. Dolar, T. A. Jefferson, H. Marsh, J. Y. Wang and J. Estacion Convention on Migratory Species REPORT OF THE SECOND WORKSHOP ON THE BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF SMALL CETACEANS AND DUGONGS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA Silliman University, Dumaguete City, Philippines 24-26 July, 2002 Edited by W. F. Perrin, R. R. Reeves, M. L. L. Dolar, T. A. Jefferson, H. Marsh, J. Y. Wang and J. Estacion Workshop sponsored by Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals; additional support provided by Ocean Park Conservation Foundation, WWF-US and WWF-Philippines. Published by the UNEP/CMS Secretariat Report of the Second Workshop on the Biology and Conservation of Small Cetaceans and Dugongs of South-East Asia UNEP/CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany, 161 pages CMS Technical Series Publication No. 9 Edited by: W.F. Perrin, R.R. Reeves, M.L.L. Dolar, T.A. Jefferson, H. Marsh, J.Y. Wang and J. Estacion Cover illustration: digital artwork by Jose T. Badelles from a photograph by Jose Ma. Lorenzo Tan © UNEP/CMS Secretariat 2005 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP/CMS would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever with- out prior permission in writing from the UNEP/CMS Secretariat. DISCLAIMER The contents of this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of UNEP/CMS or contributory organiza- tions. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expression of any opinion what- soever on the part of UNEP/CMS or contributory organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area in its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Copies of this publication are available from the UNEP / CMS Secretariat United Nations Premises in Bonn Martin-Luther-King Str. 8 53175 Bonn, Germany Fon (+49 228) 815 24 01/02 Fax (+49 228) 815 24 49 E-mail: [email protected] www.cms.int ISBN: 3-937429-01-8 2 CMS Technical Series Publication Nº 9 - 2005 Second Workshop on the Biology and Conservation of Small Cetaceans and Dugongs of SE Asia 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS page 1. Preliminaries 11 2. Update of 1995 Reviews 12 2.1 National Reviews of Status, Research, By-catch, Conservation and Legislation 12 2.1.1 Australia 12 2.1.2 Brunei 18 2.1.3 Cambodia 18 2.1.4 China (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) 22 2.1.5 East Timor 37 2.1.6 Indonesia 37 2.1.7 Laos 44 2.1.8 Malaysia 46 2.1.9 Philippines 51 2.1.10 Singapore 61 2.1.11 Thailand 62 2.1.12 Vietnam 65 2.2 Small cetacean species reviews 67 2.2.1 Neophocaena phocaenoides 67 2.2.2 Steno bredanensis 69 2.2.3 Sousa chinensis 69 2.2.4 Grampus griseus 71 2.2.5 Tursiops truncatus 71 2.2.6 Tursiops aduncus 72 2.2.7 Stenella attenuata 73 2.2.8 Stenella longirostris 74 2.2.9 Stenella coeruleoalba 75 2.2.10 Delphinus delphis 75 2.2.11 Delphinus capensis 75 2.2.12 Lagenodelphis hosei 76 2.2.13 Orcaella brevirostris 76 2.2.14 Peponocephala electra 78 2.2.15 Feresa attenuata 78 2.2.16 Pseudorca crassidens 78 2.2.17 Orcinus orca 79 2.2.18 Globicephala macrorhynchus 80 2.2.19 Mesoplodon spp. 80 2.2.20 Ziphius cavirostris 81 2.2.21 Indopacetus pacificus 81 2.2.22 Kogia breviceps 82 2.2.23 Kogia sima 82 4 CMS Technical Series Publication Nº 9 - 2005 3. Review of Dugong Conservation and Research 83 3.1 Distribution and Abundance 83 3.1.1 Japan 83 3.1.2 China (including Taiwan) 83 3.1.3 Vietnam 83 3.1.4 Cambodia 83 3.1.5 Philippines 83 3.1.6 Indonesia and East Timor 83 3.1.7 Australia 84 3.1.8 Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei 84 3.1.9 Thailand 84 3.2 Population / Stock Identity 84 3.3 Population Status 84 3.4 Habitat Status 84 3.5 Directed Catches 84 3.6 By-catches 85 3.7 Regional Priorities for Conservation Action and Associated Research 85 4. The Problem of By-catch in Fisheries 87 4.1 Regional Review 87 4.2 Useful Approaches and Priorities for Research 87 4.2.1 Small cetaceans 87 4.2.2 Dugongs 88 4.3. Development of Draft Plan of Action 88 4.4 Terminology 91 5. Regional Cooperation 92 5.1 Information Exchange 92 5.2 Review of Draft CMS Agreement 93 5.3 Funding Mechanisms 93 6. Summary and Conclusions 94 6.1 By-catch 94 6.2 Additional Conservation Threats 94 6.3 Regional Cooperation and Education 94 7. Other Business 95 Literature Cited 97 Second Workshop on the Biology and Conservation of Small Cetaceans and Dugongs of SE Asia 5 Appendices Appendix 1 - List of participants 109 Appendix 2 - Recorded occurrence of small cetaceans and the dugong in Southeast Asian 113 waters Appendix 3 - Agenda 114 Appendix 4 - List of workshop documents 115 Appendix 5 - Relative abundance of small cetacean species encountered in surveys in 117 Southeast Asia Appendix 6 - Draft Regional Action Plan to Address By-catch of Small Cetaceans and 123 Dugongs in Fisheries in Southeast Asia: Phase 1 - Raising Level of Awareness of the Problem Appendix 7 - Draft regional Agreement on the Small Cetaceans and Dugongs of 125 Southeast Asia (ASCDOSEA) Appendix 8 - Provisional inventory of oceanaria and other facilities in Southeast Asia 129 holding small cetaceans or dugongs, as of 1 September 2002 Appendix 9 - Abstracts of Papers Presented at Symposium Immediately Before Workshop 132 • Monitoring of Cetaceans in the Southern Tañon Strait Area through Dolphin 132 Watching Boats from Bais City, Negros Oriental • Conservation Status and Management of Marine Mammals in Riverine and Coastal 133 Waters of Cambodia • The (IUCN Critically Endangered) Dugongs (Dugong dugon) of Hinatuan, Surigao 134 del Sur, Mindanao, Philippines • A Review of the Results of the Study on Marine Mammals in Vietnamese Waters 135 • Status of the Dugong (Dugong dugon) in Vietnam and Cambodia and 136 Recommendations for its Conservation • Status and Incidence Of Irrawaddy By-Catch in Malampaya Sound 137 • Cetacean Habitats in the Eastern Sulu Sea and Tañon Strait 138 • The Present Status of Population and Protection of Dugongs in Chinese Waters 139 • Conservation of the Dugong (Dugong dugon) in Thailand 140 • A Review of Cetacean Research in Hong Kong and Adjacent Waters 141 • Summary of Current Knowledge of Cetaceans and Dugongs in Malaysian Waters 142 • Abundance and Trends in Size of the Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin Population in 143 the Pearl River Estuary, P.R. China • Indonesia’s Cetacean Migration Corridors: Management Implications of Long- 144 Term Visual and Acoustic Cetacean Surveys in Komodo National Park and Alor, Indonesia. • Identification of Dugong (Dugong dugon) Tissues Using Isozymes 145 • Conservation Effort to Protect the Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins in Hong Kong 146 • The Status of Marine Mammals in the Coastal Waters of Northern Australia 147 • The Status of the Dugong in Southeast Asia 148 • Live and Mass Strandings of Marine Mammals in Japan and their Status and 149 Conservation • Can the Developing Countries Do Anything About By-catch of Cetaceans in 150 Fisheries? • Cetacean Rehabilitation in Taiwan 151 • Status and Conservation of Irrawaddy dolphins Orcaella brevirostris in Malampaya 152 Sound, Palawan, Philippines 6 CMS Technical Series Publication Nº 9 - 2005 • Dugong Conservation and Carcasses in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, 153 Queensland, Australia • Legal Hunting of Cetaceans in Indonesia 154 • Impacts of Fishery By-catch on Cetaceans in Hong Kong Waters 155 • Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) of Nan Wan and Adjacent 156 Waters in Southern Taiwan • Update on the Marine Mammals in the Waters of Taiwan: 1995-2002 157 • Feasibility Study of Acoustical Dolphin Deterrence 158 • The Breeding Ground Distribution of the Humpback Whales (Megaptera 159 novaeangliae) in the Western North Pacific and their Trans-Movements among the Ogasawara Islands, the Ryukyu Islands and the Babuyan Islands, Philippines • Songs of a Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Taiwan 160 • Population Status and By-catches of Cetaceans in Chinese Waters 161 Second Workshop on the Biology and Conservation of Small Cetaceans and Dugongs of SE Asia 7 8 CMS Technical Series Publication Nº 9 - 2005 FOREWORD Marine mammals in South East Asia (cetaceans and dugongs) are exposed to a number of threats. By-catch and non-targeted catch in both legal and Illegal or unregulated commercial and artisanal fisheries are the main reasons for dwindling populations of cetaceans and dugongs. The Convention on Migratory Species looks back on a long-standing commitment in conserving these marine mammals in South East Asia. The first International Conference on Marine Mammals of South East Asia held in Dumaguete, in the Philippines in 1995, marked a starting point for CMS’ activities in the region. CMS has initiated surveys aiming at improving knowledge on migratory behaviour and distribution, including among local scientists. By sponsoring that first conference UNEP emphasized the scope of its Marine Mammals Action Plan that covers dugongs and cetaceans in South East Asia. The conference revealed that by-catch of cetaceans and dugongs in fisheries was more serious than supposed.
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