Municipality of Taytay ECAN Resource Management Plan
2015-2020
Taytay ECAN Resource Management Plan 2015
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ...... ii List of Tables ...... iv List of Figures ...... vi List of Annexes ...... vii Acronyms ...... viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Purpose and Scope of the ECAN Zoning Plan ...... 1 1.2 Target Users of the ECAN Zoning Plan ...... 1 1.3 Legal Bases of the ECAN Zoning Plan ...... 1 1.4 Existing Land Use Planning and Regulatory Frameworks in Palawan ...... 3 CHAPTER 2: ECOLOGICAL PROFILE ...... 5 2.1 History ...... 5 2.2 Geo-Physical Environment ...... 6 2.3 Population and Social Profile ...... 38 2.4 Local Economy ...... 46 2.5 Infrastructure, Public Facilities and Utilities ...... 57 2.6 Local Institutional Capability ...... 62 CHAPTER 3: THE ECAN ZONING STRATEGY ...... 68 3.1 The ECAN Zones as a Management Unit ...... 69 3.2 Components of the ECAN Zones ...... 70 3.3 Criteria and Parameters in the Delineaton of the ECAN Zones ...... 70 3.4 Allowable Activities in the ECAN Zones ...... 73 3.5 Delineation of the ECAN Zones Using GIS ...... 75 CHAPTER 4: MAJOR STEPS IN THE ECAN ZONING PLAN PREPARATION ...... 76 4.1 The ECAN Zones Management Planning Process ...... 76 4.2 A Guide in the Development of A Detailed ECAN Zoning Plan ...... 77 CHAPTER 5: INTEGRATED THREATS ANALYSIS ...... 89 5.1 Objectives of Threats Analysis ...... 89 5.2 Framework of Integrated Threats Analysis ...... 89 5.3 Methods ...... 91 5.4 Results and Discussion ...... 92 5.5 Current Initiatives in Environmental Governance ...... 99 5.6 Opportunities ...... 102 CHAPTER 6: THE ECAN ZONES MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 104 6.1 Goals and Objectives of the ECAN Zones Management Plan ...... 104
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6.2 The ECAN Zones of Taytay Municipality ...... 104 6.3 Ridge-To-Reef ECAN Management Framework and Land/Water Use Strategies ... 106 6.4 ECAN Zones Management Guidelines ...... 109 6.5 Special Management Areas ...... 116 6.6 ECAN Management Program (2015-2020) ...... 117 CHAPTER 7: ADMINISTRATION OF THE ECAN ZONING PLAN ...... 135 7.1 Administrator and Implementer of the ECAN Zoning Plan ...... 135 7.2 Immediate Activities ...... 136 7.3 Possible Sources of Funds ...... 137 7.4 Monitoring and Evaluation ...... 138 REFERENCES ...... 140 ANNEX ...... 142
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List of Tables
Table 1. Sections of PCSD Resolution 05-250 related to the ECAN Zoning Plan...... 1 Table 2. Laws and issuances related to local land use and development planning...... 3 Table 3. Total land area per barangay (hectares) ...... 9 Table 4. Elevation of Taytay ...... 10 Table 5. Slope, classes, and area coverage of Taytay ...... 10 Table 6. Rock formations in Taytay...... 13 Table 7. Types of soil of the Municipality of Taytay, Palawan...... 13 Table 8. Percent distribution of land classification among the 31 barangays according ...... 16 Table 9. General Land Use of Taytay ...... 17 Table 10.Covered barangays with tenurial land area...... 17 Table 11.Ecological footprint of Taytay Municipality...... 19 Table 12. Species List of Mammals Observed and Recorded in Taytay, Northern Palawan (June 13 to July 1, 2004)...... 30 Table 13.Species List of Birds Observed and Recorded in Taytay, Northern Palawan (June 13 to July 1, 2004)...... 31 Table 14. Species List of Reptiles Observed and Recorded in Taytay, Northern Palawan (June 13 to July 1, 2004) ...... 33 Table 15. Species List of Amphibians Observed and Recorded in Taytay, Northern Palawan (June 13 to July 1, 2004) ...... 34 Table 16. Average Percentage of Corals observed in the Reef Sites Surveyed in Taytay, Palawan, June 2004 ...... 35 Table 17. Historical growth of population, 1903 – 1995...... 38 Table 18. Projected population size of Taytay and its barangays in the next 5 years, and 5 years thereafter...... 39 Table 19. Population density of each barangay in Taytay, Palawan...... 40 Table 20. Household population by sex and age group...... 41 Table 21. Malnutrition prevalence rate per barangay for the year 2014...... 43 Table 22. Projected school-going population for the next five years, and five years thereafter. ... 44 Table 23. Housing and sanitation situation of households in all barangays in the year 2011 according to the CBMS...... 45 Table 24.Crime statistics in Taytay for the months of January to September, 2013...... 46 Table 25. Gainful workers 15 years old and over by major occupation group...... 47 Table 26. Major crops produced by area, production, yield, cost, and income...... 47 Table 27. Corn by Area, Production and Product Market, Year 2012...... 48 Table 28. Rice by Area, Production and Product Market, Year 2012...... 49 Table 29. Cassava by Area, Production and Product Market, Year 2012...... 51 Table 30. List of Programs and Projects by MAO from years 2008-2013...... 51 Table 31. Total Number and Kind of Seedlings Distributed and Number of Recipients of MAO from year 2007 to 2012...... 52 Table 32. Fisheries Production Report from January to February 2015 in Taytay Bay...... 52 Table 33. List of fishing gears and fish caught...... 53 Table 34. Number of respondents with live reef fish (LRF) cages and species reared...... 53 Table 35. Other tourist destinations in Taytay...... 54 Table 36. Existing, emerging and potential tourist attractions in Taytay...... 54 Table 37. Type of accommodation establishments and their number of rooms and employees in 2010-2011...... 56 Table 38. List of tourism service industries in Taytay...... 56 Table 39. Existing road networks in the Municipality of Taytay...... 57 Table 40. Communal irrigation systems...... 58 Table 41. Level II water systems in Taytay for the year 2003...... 59 Table 42. Water Production and Consumption of Barangay Poblacion for 2015...... 59 Table 43. Number of PALECO customers per barangay as of 6th of May 2015...... 61
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Table 44. The income of the Municipality of Taytay from 2013-2015...... 66 Table 45. The expenditures of the Municipality of Taytay from 2013-2015...... 66 Table 46. Parameters and criteria in the delineation of terrestrial ECAN zones...... 71 Table 47. Parameters and criteria in delineating coastal/marine ECAN zones...... 72 Table 48. Activities allowed in the ECAN zones...... 73 Table 49. Spatial and non-spatial data sources related to ECAN mapping...... 75 Table 50. Data requirements for ECAN zones management planning...... 76 Table 51. NIPAS areas of Palawan Province...... 80 Table 52. Thematic planning modules for use in ECAN planning ...... 82 Table 53. A sector-based list of spatial data needs for sustainable development planning...... 83 Table 54. Sample log frame for the forestry sector...... 85 Table 55. Sample core themes for sustainable development planning...... 85 Table 56. Possible sustainability criteria for projects in Palawan...... 86 Table 57. Possible courses of action in the forest and biodiversity sector...... 87 Table 58. Possible courses of action in the municipality ...... 88 Table 59. Major steps of threats and solutions analysis...... 91 Table 60. Nine stakeholder groups consulted in the key informant interview and workshop for integrated threats analysis ...... 91 Table 61. Identified threats in the terrestrial zone...... 95 Table 62. Identified threats in the coastal/marine zone ...... 95 Table 64. Potential impacts of climate change in Taytay Municipality...... 99 Table 65. Current initiatives in environmental governance of the local government unit of Taytay, Palawan...... 99 Table 66. Proposed ECAN Zones of Taytay...... 106 Table 67. Ridge-to-reef management framework of ECAN zones...... 106 Table 68. Recommended strategies to address general threats to sustainable development of ECAN zones...... 107 Table 70. Activities allowed in the ECAN zones vis-à-vis general and specific strategies in each zone...... 110 Table 71. The major issues of Taytay and the ECAN Management Program components that address them...... 118 Table 72. Sustainable Management Actions for identified threats/issues/problems identified in Taytay Municipality...... 120 Table 73. List of potential foreign funding organizations...... 137
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List of Figures
Figure 1. Hierarchy and linkages of plans ...... 4 Figure 2. Location Map of Municipality of Taytay………...... 7 Figure 3. The Location of Barangay Boundaries……… ...... 8 Figure 4. Elevation map for the Municipality of Taytay...... 11 Figure 5. Percent slope map for the Municipality of Taytay...... 12 Figure 6. Geology map for the Municipality of Taytay...... 14 Figure 7. Soil texture for the Municipality of Taytay...... 15 Figure 8. Land classification map for the Municipality of Taytay……………...... 18 Figure 9. Climate type for the Province of Palawan...... 21 Figure 10. Total rainfall for the Province for Palawan...... 22 Figure 11. Flooding geohazard map for the Municipality of Taytay...... 24 Figure 12. Erosion map for the Municipality of Taytay...... 25 Figure 13. Landslide geohazard map for the Municipality of Taytay...... 26 Figure 14. Map overlay of all geohazards in the Municipality of Taytay...... 27 Figure 15. Percentage Cover of Seagrass Species in Taytay, Palawan (June, 2004)...... 36 Figure 16. Dugong Sightings in Taytay, Palawan by area(from January to June, 2004)...... 36 Figure 17. Turtle Sightings in Taytay, Palawan by area(from January to June, 2004)...... 36 Figure 18. Dolphin Sightings in Taytay, Palawan by area(from January to June, 2004)...... 37 Figure 19. Whale Sightings, Taytay, Palawan by area(from January to June, 2004)...... 37 Figure 20. Population trend of Taytay, Palawan 1990-2010...... 39 Figure 21. Population pyramid of Taytay, Palawan...... 41 Figure 22. Number of tourists staying in Taytay in 2010 and part of 2011...... 55 Figure 23. Distribution of tourist's residence...... 56 Figure 24. Organizational Structure of the Local Government Unit of Taytay, Palawan ...... 63 Figure 25. Configuration of biosphere reserve zones...... 68 Figure 26. Terrestrial ECAN zones map of Palawan Province...... 69 Figure 27. Palawan Tribal Ancestral Zones (TAZ) proclaimed by PCSD...... 79 Figure 28. A proposed general model of a sustainable development project ...... 90 Figure 29. Interrelationship of Environment-Institutional Threats ...... 96 Figure 31. Proposed municipal ECAN zone map of Taytay, Palawan...... 105 Figure 32. The positive reinforcing outcomes of SEP-ECAN...... 110 Figure 33. Institutionalization of the ECAN ...... 136
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List of Annexes
Annex A: Summary Documentation of the ECAN Planning Workshop in Taytay .....143 Annex B: Workshop Design for ECANizing Taytay ...... 144 Annex C: Questionnaires Used for Key Informant Interviews ...... 155 Annex D: Attendance Sheets...... 161 Annex E: Computation for Ecological Footprint ...... 162 Annex F: Incorporating the SEP and ECAN into Local Land Use Plans (INTEGRATE)…………………………………………………………………..……..168
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Acronyms
BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources CADT Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title CBFM Community-Based Forest Management CBMS Community-Based Monitoring System CHE College of Human Ecology CHED Commission on Higher Education CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLWUP Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plan CRM Coastal Resources Management DA Department of Agriculture DepEd Department of Education DCERP Department of Community and Environmental Resource Planning DENR-CENRO Department of Environment and Natural Resources – Community Environment and Natural Resources Office DOH Department of Health DOT Department of Tourism DOTC Department of Transportation and Communication DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development ECAN Environmentally Critical Areas Network ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate ENTMRPA El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area ERMP ECAN Resource Management Plan EZP ECAN Zoning Plan FGD Focus Group Discussion FLUP Forest Land Use Plan GMP General Management Plan HLURB Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board HSP Human Settlements Planning ICC Indigenous Cultural Communities IEC Information Education Campaign IP Indigenous People IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency KALAHI- Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan – Comprehensive and CIDSS Integrated Delivery of Social Services KII Key Informant Interview LGU Local Government Unit LPRAT Local Poverty Reduction Action Team LRFT Live Reef Fish Trade MAO Municipal Agriculturist‘s Office MDRRMC Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council MEEDO Municipal Economic Enterprise Development Office MEO Municipal Engineer‘s Office MENRO Municipal Environmental and Natural Resources Office Municipal Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management MFARMC Council MHO Municipal Health Office MLGU Municipal Local Government Unit MPA Marine Protected Area MPDC Municipal Planning and Development Council MPDO Municipal Planning and Development Office MSPLS Malampaya Sound Protected Landscape and Seascape MSWD Municipal Social and Welfare Development MTO Municipal Tourism Office
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NAPOCOR National Power Corporation NCIP National Commission for Indigenous Peoples NGO Non-government Organization NIPAS National Integrated Protected Areas System NTFP Non-timber forest product PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration PALECO Palawan Electric Cooperative PAMB Protected Area Management Board PAO Protected Area Office PCSD Palawan Council for Sustainable Development PCSDS Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Staff PLGU Provincial Local Government Unit PNP Philippine National Police PO Peoples‘ Organization PSU Palawan State University PWD Person with Disability SB Sangguniang Bayan SEMP Sustainable Environmental Management Project SEP Socio-Economic Profile SEP Strategic Environmental Plan SLP Sustainable Livelihood Program TESDA Technical Education and Skills Development Authority WPU Western Philippines University WWF World Wildlife Fund
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report was commissioned to develop the ECAN Resource Management Plan of the Municipality of Taytay in the province of Palawan through a process called ‗ecanization‘. Rooting from the acronym ECAN (Environmentally Critical Areas Network), ecanization is the process under the R.A. No. 7611 that aims to delineate zones and identify allowable activities and regulatory measures for each ECAN zone. In partnership with the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Staff (PCSDS), the Department of Community and Environmental Resource Planning (DCERP) of the College of Human Ecology (CHE) of the University of the Philippines Los Baños sent five practicum students to the Municipality of Taytay in Palawan to assist in the formulation of the ECAN Resource Management Plan. The development of this ECAN Resource Management Plan included the formulation of the Municipal Profile and an Integrated Threats Analysis. Secondary data such as municipal plans and surveys were used to construct the Municipal Profile. For the Integrated Threats Analysis a number of key informant interviews were undertaken in order to identify the existing threats, problems, opportunities, and government initiatives in the municipality. All acquired and processed information were verified by the community in an ECAN Participatory Planning Workshop which took place on April 29- 30, 2015. The delineation of ECAN Zones of Taytay also took place at the workshop. A second round of key informant interviews was undertaken to develop the actions and strategies of the plan. This second round of interview involved the prioritization of the identified threats and of programs/projects that would address them. The results were delineated into the different ECAN zones (Terrestrial, Coastal, or Cross-cutting) and into the ECAN Program Components (Environmental Management, Good Governance, and Stewardship; Rights-based Socio-Economic Development; or Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction and Management). The prioritized threats identified by the municipality and further described by the municipal profile are as follows: 1. Inadequate access to health care and services 2. Unemployment and lack of alternative source of livelihood/underdeveloped tourism 3. Lack of community involvement in resource management planning, decision making, policy formulation, and implementation 4. Low agricultural production/threatened food security a. Limited supply of agricultural products for subsistence purposes b. High export of agricultural products 5. Outdated Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plan (CLWUP) 6. Encroachment within and outside the terrestrial and coastal Protected Areas a. Overexploitation and conversion of mangrove forests b. Deforestation due to illegal logging, timber poaching and kaingin farming c. Over-exploitation of fisheries resources 7. Limited water supply 8. Inadequate power supply in most barangays 9. Lack of support infrastructures a. Poor condition of roads, bridges and networks b. Lack of business infrastructure for each barangay 10. Poor waste disposal and management 11. Lack of opportunities to pursue education 12. Vulnerability to impacts of climate change and natural disasters 13. Prevalence of criminal cases
In order to formulate an effective ECAN plan for Taytay the participation of all LGU office was sought to strengthen the planning process and better ensure proper implementation down the road. This could be done through information education
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Taytay ECAN Resource Management Plan 2015 campaigns and capability building, which aims to increase awareness of the functions of the municipal and barangay LGUs in the process.
The process of formulating an ECAN plan, developed by PCSD and utilised to create this plan, can be found in the body of this document. Furthermore, a data management system at the LGU level (both municipal and barangay) is advised in order to create an accessible source of data and information that is credible and up to date. In which case, better coordination among the different LGU offices is needed to expedite data gathering and updating not only for the formulation of the ECAN plan, but for other pertinent plans as well (i.e. CLWUP, FLUP, Gender and Development Plan).
It is recommended that the ecanization process should be completed in parallel with the Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plan formulation of Taytay, and to all development plans as well. This should be done in a way that there will be no additional costs incurred. It is necessary that the ECAN Management Program (2015-2020) specified in this report be implemented, and also be subjected to further public consultation.
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE ECAN ZONING PLAN
By virtue of Republic Act 7611 (the 1992 Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan Act, or the SEP Law), Palawan Province is to be subdivided according to a zoning strategy called the ECAN (Environmentally Critical Areas Network). The ECAN is a graded system of protection and development control over the whole of Palawan. The need for ECAN Zoning arises from Palawan‘s characteristics as an area with natural resources of high conservation value and, increasingly, as a center of economic development. Furthermore, Palawan‘s ecosystems are fragile and vulnerable to natural and man-made threats like climate change, pollution, environmental degradation, and loss of resources. The projected increase in Palawan‘s population, due to high birth rate and immigration is also expected to overshoot the carrying capacity of its natural systems. There is, therefore, a need to plan ahead for the optimal use of resources and the segregation of Palawan‘s land and water territories into zones that will sustain their land use potential and life-support systems. This ECAN Plan shall cover the basic strategies for the sustainable development of the Municipality of Taytay. The ultimate goals are to proactively respond to the evolving challenges and opportunities in the municipality and to address the issues and problems encountered by its environmental managers while pursuing sustainable development.
1.2 TARGET USERS OF THE ECAN ZONING PLAN
The target users of this Plan are the municipality‘s local government unit administrators, district environmental managers, municipal land use planners, NGOs, academe, and other stakeholders interested in local land use planning. They are the ones involved in implementing on-site some of the identified plans, programs, and projects in this Plan. 1.3 LEGAL BASES OF THE ECAN ZONING PLAN
The SEP is the rubric of all governmental environmental plans in Palawan. Section 6 on ―legal effects‖ of the SEP Law provides that the ―SEP shall serve as the framework to guide the government agencies concerned in the formulation and implementation of plans, programs and projects affecting the environment and natural resources of Palawan.‖ To implement the provisions of the SEP Law, one of the powers and functions (Section 19) of its administrative body, the PCSD, is to ―coordinate with the local governments to ensure that the latter's plans, programs and projects are aligned with the plans, programs and policies of the SEP.‖ The following table (Table 1) summarizes the relevant provisions of the PCSD Resolution 05-250 and 06-270, which lays down the SEP Law‘s implementing guidelines on the ECAN. These provisions serve as bases and guide for formulating the ECAN Zoning Plan of Taytay and other municipalities of Palawan. Table 1. Sections of PCSD Resolution 05-250 related to the ECAN Zoning Plan.
Relevant Section of Provisions PCSD Resolution 05- 250 Section 25. After the approval of the ECAN Map, the LGU through its ECAN Preparation of the Board and with the assistance of the PCSDS, shall prepare an ECAN ECAN Zoning Plan Zoning Plan taking into consideration factors relevant to local land/water use planning.
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Relevant Section of Provisions PCSD Resolution 05- 250 The ECAN Zoning Plan shall include among others the following: i. Description of the Area ii. Goals/Objectives iii. Zoning Strategy (priorities, methodologies for marking zone boundaries) iv. Zone Management (activities regulatory measures policy directions) v. Administration vi. Monitoring and Evaluation vii. Annexes (maps and references) Section 26. The ECAN Zoning Plan shall be prepared by the ECAN Board to be LGU Adoption of the organized or reconstituted in each municipality/city as provided in ECAN Zoning Plan Sections 37-39 of these guidelines. The Plan shall be presented for public hearing in the respective locality before final adoption by the Sangguniang Bayan/Panglunsod and endorsement to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan for subsequent approval of the Council through the Council Staff. Section 39. The Board is vested with the following powers and functions: 9. Powers and Functions Through the ECAN working teams, undertake the following: of the ECAN Board a. Provide technical support to the LGU in implementing the ECAN; b. Facilitate the flow of activities, documents, information and decision-making process related to the efficient and effective implementation of the ECAN; c. Assist in data acquisition, analysis, monitoring and evaluation of environmental conditions in the light of SEP and ECAN targets and objectives; d. Assist PCSD in the conduct of information and education activities; e. Facilitate the formulation of ECAN Zoning Plan and its harmonization with the Municipal Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plan; and f. Other activities in pursuance of sustainable development objectives. Chapter III. Section 30. ECAN as Framework for Municipal Planning. The ECAN Harmonization with the Zoning Plan (EZP) shall serve as the general physical plan of every Municipal Land and municipality/city. It shall be the basis of other planning activities such Water Use Plans as land use planning, tourism master planning and resource management planning as a whole. The Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plans of the respective LGUs shall be anchored on the ECAN Zoning Plan.
Section 31. Integration/Harmonization of ECAN Zoning Plan with the Municipal Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plan. The implementation of the ECAN Zoning Plan which may include policy formulation, legislation, setting up of permitting system, monitoring and other related activities, as hereinafter provided, shall be the joint responsibility of the Local Government Units and the Council Staff through the Municipal ECAN Board. To attain this objective, the Plan may be integrated into or harmonized with the Municipal Comprehensive Land & Water Use Plan.
Table 2 below summarizes the national laws and local issuances relevant in the formulation of a local land use and sustainable development planning in Taytay and other areas of Palawan.
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Table 2. Laws and issuances related to local land use and development planning.
Law/Issuance Description/Related Provisions 1987 Constitution, Article XIII, Section 1 – The state shall regulate the acquisition, ownership, Article 3 use and disposition of property and its increments.
Article XII, Section 3 – Lands of the public domain are classified into agricultural, forest or timber, mineral lands and national parks. Agricultural lands of the public domain may be further classified by law according to the uses to which they may be devoted. Alienable lands of the public domain shall be limited to agricultural lands.
Section 5 – The State shall protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities to their ancestral lands to ensure their economic, social, and cultural well-being. RA 7160 (Local Vests upon the LGUs the responsibility of land use planning and regulation Government in their capacity as ―promoter‖ of the general welfare. Code) Mandates the provincial, city and municipal legislative bodies of the LGUs to adopt their respective comprehensive land use plan and enact the same through zoning ordinances (for city and municipal levels)
Sec. 20(c) – The local government units shall, in conformity with existing laws, continue to prepare their respective comprehensive land use plans enacted through zoning ordinances which shall be the primary and dominant bases for the future use of land resources: Provided, That the requirements for food production, human settlements, and industrial expansion shall be taken into consideration in the preparation of such plans
Sec. 3(i) – Local government units shall share with the National Government the responsibility in the management and maintenance of ecological balance within their territorial jurisdiction, subject to the provisions of this Code and national policies.
CLWUP and Zoning Ordinance (LGC Sec. 20, 447, 458, 468)
Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) and Local Development Investment Plan (LDIP) (LGC Sec. 109) RA 6657 Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law RA 7586 National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) RA 7942 Mineral Resources Development Act RA 8371 Indigenous Peoples Rights Act RA 8435 Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act RA 8550 Fisheries Code RA 9729 Climate Change Act of 2009 RA 10121 Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 PD 705 Revised Forestry Code EO 72 Provides for the preparation and implementation of the Comprehensive Land Use Plans of LGUs pursuant to the Local Government Code
1.4 EXISTING LAND USE PLANNING AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS IN PALAWAN
At the provincial level, the planning situation in Palawan is a preponderance of overlapping and interconnected mandates, institutions, and plans governing land use. Figure 1 below illustrates the flowchart showing the relationship of the several planning documents. It shows multi-objective plans being implemented by multi-level institutions. The ECAN Plan is shown on the left side of the City/Municipal (C/M) CLWUP. The
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Taytay ECAN Resource Management Plan 2015 ideal case is for the two plans - the ECAN Plan and the CLWUP - to be ―horizontally integrated‖ with each other.
Figure 1. Hierarchy and linkages of plans (HLURB 2006, modified). The red boxes and lines show the City/Municipal (C/M) ECAN Zoning Plan, its linkage and horizontal integration with the C/M CLWUP and its vertical integration with the Provincial ECAN Zoning Plan. The Provincial ECAN Zoning Plan is likewise linked and horizontally integrated to the Provincial CLWUP.
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CHAPTER 2: ECOLOGICAL PROFILE
2.1 HISTORY
The name of the town of Taytay was derived from the word ―Talaytayan‖. According to the local folklore, the first Spaniards who came to the town asked the natives about the name of the place while gesturing to the cluster of arranged pieces of wood and bamboo that was serving as a bridge. The natives mistook the gestures as referring to the bridge, thus answered them with the word ―Talaytayan‖. It was recorded as the name of the place, which was altered through time and became ―Taytay‖ until present time. Though the town was founded by the Spaniards in 1623,the government of Taytay was officially established in 1662 by Count San Agustin. It was the capital town of the Province of Calamianes, what we now know as Palawan. A historical structure that still stands up to this day is the Fuerza de Sta. Isabel or Fort Sta. Isabel which was constructed fromthe year 1667 to December 17,1738 through forced labor or polo y servicio, under the reign of Gobernadorcillo Jose Tierra de Salcedo. The fort was constructed to defend the town from the constant pillaging by the Moro pirates at the time. The brass cannons and rigid walls of the fort effectively warded off the pirates. In 1721, an infamous attack on Taytay was led by Datu Segutillo aided by 3,880 Moro pirates. An entire barrio was wiped out and the town was under siege. After 21 days, the pirates fled the town and were not seen after. In 1818, practically all territories which now belong to the Province of Palawan were organized into a single province named Calamianes, with its capital located in Taytay. However, in 1858, Calamianes was divided into two provinces; Castilla in the north and Asturias in the south. The capital town of Castilla was Taytay while the capital of Asturias was Puerto Princesa. In 1873, the capital of Castilla was transferred from Taytay to Cuyo under the reign of the governor Leopoldo Santa Cruz. The last Spanish governor in Taytay was Gregorio Lafuente and the last Spanish official was Enrique Bonafus whose term of office was from 1890 to 1900. During the American Regime, Taytay‘s administrative boundary was reduced by approximately 500,000 hectares due to the creation of the Municipality of El Nido. On September 1924, Governor Leonard Wood visited the municipality and, upon finding the unkempt condition of Fort Sta. Isabel, gave a sum of P100.00 to then Municipal President Vicente Baculi for its clearing. On March 1939, President Manuel L. Quezon of the Commonwealth Government visited Taytay with his only son ―Nonong‖, entering through the Malampaya Sound. On November 11, 1942, troops of the Japanese Imperial Army landed at Taytay and established a garrison at the municipal building compound. By April 3, 1944, Taytay was under the Japanese control, but attack from guerrilla snipers continued to keep the Japanese soldiers wary. Due to continuous harassment by the Filipino guerrillas, led by then Captain Carlos Amores, Japanese rank badly decimated due to heavy casualties. The bulk of Japanese forces evacuated Taytay on October 1, 1944, while the last remnants of the enemy left Taytay on October 18, 1944 without accomplishing anything of note. The first elected municipal mayor after the liberation was Agapito Calalin, who did not finish his term of office. The municipal government of Taytay is currently headed by Mayor Romy L. Salvame.
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2.2 GEO-PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Geographical Location The Municipality of Taytay is geographically located in the northern part of mainland Palawan. It is located 220 kilometers, (about 4-5 hours by land) or 117.2 nautical miles by sea from Puerto Princesa City, the capital of Palawan. It has a total land area of 139,050 hectares (including the reclaimed land). Taytay is the largest municipality in Palawan in terms of land area. The municipality is located within the geographical coordinates of 119 254.898° North and 611 131. 186° East. Taytay is bordered on the north by the municipality of El Nido, on the south by the municipalities of Roxas and Dumaran and on the southwest by the municipality of San Vicente. In terms of natural boundaries, Taytay is bounded on the east by Taytay Bay and on the west by the West Philippine Sea— rationally South China Sea (DENR-CENRO, 2014). Political Boundary Taytay is one of the municipalities in the northern part of the Province of Palawan. According to the data of CENRO Taytay, the entire municipality has a total land area of 126,524.18 hectares. It is politically subdivided into 31 barangays (see Figure 3) — 10 of which are considered protected area barangays with a total of 47,223.48 hectares; eight partly protected areas with a total of 51,662.38 hectares; and 13 barangays were outside protected area boundaries with 27,638.32 hectares. Barangay Abongan, which has the largest land area of the protected area barangays, occupies 7.54% of the total land area of the municipality, while Barangay Old Guinio has the smallest land area with only 0.83%.In the Partly Protected Areas, Barangay Libertad has the largest land area with 8.64% of the total land mass area of the municipality while Barangay Paglaum has the smallest land area with only 2.17%. Lastly, Outside the Protected Areas, Barangay Pularequen has the largest land area with 2.65% of the total land mass area of the municipality while Barangay Debangan has the smallest land area with only 0.22% as shown in Table 3 (DENR-CENRO, 2014). The municipality is also part of the El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area (ENTMRPA). Three (3) barangays of Taytay and 18 barangays of El Nido were declared as part of the said protected area. The said proclamation was based from Proclamation No. 32 dated October 8, 1998. (DENR-Region 4B, 2012) Following this, Proclamation no. 342 was decreed, declaring that Malampaya Sound is declared as a protected area and will be known as Malampaya Sound Protected Landscape and Seascape (MSPLS). It is located in north-western Palawan covering 200,115 hectares of both terrestrial and aquatic environment with an abundant watershed, productive fishing grounds, and with diverse eco-systems having mangroves, sea-grasses, and corals. The 34 km long body of water is between 2 landmasses forming a horseshoe shaped area and is divided into 2 sections- salt water outer sound & brackish water inner sound surrounded by 11 barangays of Taytay town (BPP, 2013).
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Figure 2. Location Map of Municipality of Taytay. Source: DENR-CENRO Taytay
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Figure 3. The Location of Barangay Boundaries. Source: DENR-CENRO Taytay
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Table 3. Total land area per barangay (hectares)
TOTAL Land Land Cover LAND AREA Cover by Outside PA Barangay (ha) % PA (ha) % (ha) % Protected Area 1. Abongan 9,538.29 7.54 9,538.29 12.11 2. Alacalian 3,228.38 2.55 3,228.38 4.10 3. Banbanan 5,858.30 4.63 5,858.30 7.44 4. Liminangcong 6,590.00 5.21 6,590.00 8.36 5. Minapla 3,026.94 2.39 3,026.94 3.84 6. New Guinio 2,309.55 1.83 2,309.55 2.93 7. Old Guinio 1,054.77 0.83 1,054.77 1.34 8. Pancol 7,591.13 6.00 7,591.13 9.64 9. San Jose 5,830.09 4.61 5,830.09 7.40 10. Tumbod 2,196.03 1.74 2,196.03 2.79 Sub-Total 47,223.48 37.32 47,223.48 59.94 Partly Protected Area 1. Bato 5,923.54 4.68 5,254.31 6.67 669.23 1.40 2. Calawag 5,432.91 4.29 1,365.84 1.73 4,067.07 8.52 3. Cataban 4,274.80 3.38 3,194.60 4.05 1,080.20 2.26 4. Libertad 10,929.76 8.64 7,938.59 10.08 2,991.17 6.27 5. Paglaum 2,748.33 2.17 2,558.27 3.25 190.06 0.40 6. Pamantolon 5,815.95 4.60 2,222.84 2.82 3,593.11 7.53 7. Poblacion 7,918.47 6.26 5,213.55 6.62 2,704.92 5.67 8. Talog 8,618.62 6.81 3,814.64 4.84 4,803.98 10.06 Sub-Total 51,662.38 40.83 31,562.64 40.06 20,099.74 42.10 Outside Protected Area 1. Bantulan 2,457.50 1.94 2,457.50 5.15 2. Baras 1,358.34 1.07 1,358.34 2.85 3. Batas 3,106.07 2.45 3,106.07 6.51 4. Beton 985.08 0.78 985.08 2.06 5. Busy Bees 3,233.66 2.56 3,233.66 6.77 6. Casian 3,047.11 2.41 3,047.11 6.38 7. Debangan 278.33 0.22 278.33 0.58 8. Depla 1,844.50 1.46 1,844.50 3.86 9. Maytegeud 3,061.29 2.42 3,061.29 6.41 10. Paly 397.35 0.31 397.35 0.83 11. Pularequen 3,354.37 2.65 3,354.37 7.03 12. Sandoval 2,998.03 2.37 2,998.03 6.28 13. Silanga 1,516.69 1.20 1,516.69 3.18 Sub-Total 27,638.23 21.84 27,638.23 57.9 Grand Total 126,524.18 100.00 78,786.12 100.00 47,738.06 100.00 Source: CENRO Taytay data
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Topography Elevation Taytay‘s topography features flat plains to rolling mountainous ranges (see Table 4 below). About 63% of the municipality has an elevation of 0-100 meters; succeeded by 100-200 meters with a percentage distribution of 26%. The highest elevation of Taytay is 900-979 meters.
Table 4. Elevation of Taytay
Elevation (m) Area % Distribution 0-100 83,146.94 62.52 100-200 33,914.37 25.50 200-300 11,861.38 8.92 300-400 3,102.43 2.33 400-500 522.08 0.39 500-600 147.23 0.11 600-700 102.28 0.08 700-800 79.92 0.06 800-900 71.73 0.05 900-979 39.02 0.03 Total 132,987.38 100.00 Source: Based on Digitized Data of ECAN Zoning Project
Slope The barangays located along the western part of the municipality such as Cataban, Busy Bees, Canique and Pamantolon, including Bato and Abongan have a flat or 0-8% slope, as indicated in Table 5. This type of slope is scattered amongst the entire municipality. Barangays on the eastern side of the municipality and the island barangays are characterized with having a gentle to moderate slope. The Malampaya Sound peaks at Mount Capoas (1,030 meters), while the areas surrounding Barangay Liminangcong in the west and along the seaboard on the east have a slope of 18-30% and above 30% respectively. Table 5. Slope, classes, and area coverage of Taytay Slope Class Area (hectares) % 0-3% (Flat) 21,370.54 15.83 3-8% (Gentle) 13,517.30 10.01 8-18% (Moderate) 29,593.12 21.92 18-30% (Rugged) 62,279.56 46.12 30-50% (Steep) 7,178.83 5.32 50% and above (Broken) 1,087.31 0.81 Grand Total 135,026.67 100.00 Source: Based on Digitized Data of ECAN Zoning Project.
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Figure 4. Elevation map for the Municipality of Taytay.
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Figure 5. Percent slope map for the Municipality of Taytay.
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Geology Rock Formations There are seven distinctive rock formations present in Taytay (see Table 6 below). Liminancong Chert gets the biggest share with 81,677.97 hectares, followed by Concepcion Phyllite with 33,706.27 hectares. Other rock formations are as follows: Bacuit formation, alluvium, Guinlo Formation, Kapoas Intrusive, and Manguao Volcanics. The rest are labelled as unclassified. Table 6. Rock formations in Taytay. Description Area % Distribution Alluvium 130.35 0.10 Bacuit Formation 4,253.15 3.20 Concepcion Phyllite 33,706.27 25.34 Guinlo Formation 2,966.55 2.23 Kapoas Intrusive 3,796.39 2.85 Liminang Cong Chert 81,677.97 61.41 Manguao Volcanics 3,155.39 2.37 Unclassified 3,317.88 2.49 Total 133,003.95 100.00 Source: FLUP, 2014
Soils The municipality features five types of soil, namely clay, clay loam, hydrosol, loam, and silt clay loam, as shown in Table 7. The rest are marked as undifferentiated. The clay loam soil found in Taytay has two types namely Coron Clay Loam and Busuanga Clay Loam. The Coron Clay Loam is characterized as shallow, fine textured, and has low infiltration rate. It is usually found in steep slopes and is not suitable for crop cultivation. The said type of soil should be maintained under the forest cover to avoid erosion caused by surface runoff. Opposite of the Coron Clay Loam is the Busuanga Clay Loam. Aside from being suitable for crop cultivation especially rice, it is also rich in organic matter. This type of clay loam soil can be found in areas with flat to nearly level slopes. This can also retain water making them ideal for irrigated rice plantations. Table 7. Types of soil of the Municipality of Taytay, Palawan. Descriptions Area % Distribution Clay 482.67 0.36 Clay Loam 71,077.63 53.21 Hydrosol 7,276.63 5.45 Loam 2,013.08 1.51 Silt Clay Loam 7,974.12 5.97 Undifferentiated 44,761.08 33.51 Total 133,585.21 100.00 Source: FLUP, 2014
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Figure 6. Geology map for the Municipality of Taytay.
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Figure 7. Soil texture for the Municipality of Taytay.
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Land Resources Land Capability Land Capability indicates the suitability of the area for cultivation or refinement. Moreover, this determines developmental potentials of a certain region. Land capability classification is the process of subdividing land areas into homogeneous groups or smaller units possessing distinct biophysical properties. Classifying the land capability is vital for the successful allocation of different land areas. Furthermore, this kind of classification is a great help to the design of appropriate management, protection and rehabilitation strategies. The land of Taytay has lots of potential for urban development and agricultural expansion. This can be actualized when the areas in the municipality having slopes below 18%, which are currently brush land and grassland, be evaluated whether these can be reclassified as Alienable and Disposable lands. Land Classification Based on the Sustainable Environmental Management Plan of Palawan Council of Sustainable Development (2006), there are four land classifications in the municipality of Taytay. These are Alienable and Disposable, Bodies of Water, Forestland and Unclassified Public Forest (UPF). UPF has the biggest share in the land with an area of 78,703.06 hectares (58%). As for the proposed Forest Land Use Plan of Taytay, there are five land classifications. These are Alienable and Disposable, Forestland, Unclassified Public Forest, Communal Forest and some areas with No Data. Just like the SEMP, the FLUP regarded the municipality having UPF as its biggest land classification. Table 8 shows the distribution of land classification among the barangays. Existing General Land Use Shown in Table 9 are the general land uses of the municipality of Taytay. The dominant land use for Taytay is the Game Refuge and Bird Sanctuary with a percentage distribution of 56.59, and then followed by the Forest Reserve with 24.01%. Tenurial Land Area Table 10 shows the barangays with tenurial land area. Out of the 31 barangays only 14 are under the Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT), Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) and CADT/CBFM tenurial instruments with 23,764.32 hectares. About 15,872.93 hectares falls on a CADT area and 6,040.80 hectares on CBFM. Moreover, a total area of 1,850.59 hectares is both classified as CADT and CBFM.
Table 8. Percent distribution of land classification among the 31 barangays according to SEMP and FLUP. Land Classification SEMP (2006) Percentage FLUP Percentage (ha) (%) (2014) (ha) (%) Alienable and Disposable 27,920.04 ha 21 26,955.24 20.24 Bodies of Water 594.84 ha 0.5 Forestland 27,752.55 ha 21 17,203.77 12.92 Unclassified Public Forest 78,703.06 ha 58 88,809.08 66.69 Communal Forest 41.96 0.03 No Data 164.44 0.12 Total 134,970.50 100 133,174.49 100 Source: FLUP, 2015
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Table 9. General Land Use of Taytay Description Area (ha) % Distribution Alienable and Disposable 15,352.69 11.50 Communal Forest 58.19 0.04 Forest Reserve 32,060.95 24.01 Game Refuge and Bird 75,587.80 56.59 Sanctuary Miscellaneous 683.18 0.51 Public Forest 8,544.77 6.40 Unclassified 660.10 0.49 Water 611.54 0.46 Total 133,559.22 100.00 Source: FLUP, 2014
Table 10.Covered barangays with tenurial land area. Barangay CADT (ha) CBFM (ha) CADT/CBFM Grand Total (ha) (ha) Abongan 198.90 198.90 Alacalian 327.85 327.85 Banbanan 4,077.81 4,077.81 Bantulan 2.92 2.92 Bato 1,979.10 1,979.10 Cataban 201.02 5.47 123.16 329.65 Liminangcong 2,142.37 4,049.50 183.20 6,375.08 Minapla 1,927.86 1,927.86 New Guinlo 21.32 21.32 Old Guinlo 1.95 0.17 2.12 Pamantolon 1,101.05 5.29 1,106.34 Pancol 4,341.07 1,538.93 5,880.01 Poblacion 4.56 3.65 8.21 San Jose 1,527.16 1,527.16 Total 15,872.93 6,040.80 1,850.59 23,764.32 Source: FLUP, 2014 Ecological Footprint
Seven biologically productive spaces were determined in the municipality of Taytay: cropland requirement for food; required forest for water; required forest for timber and fuel wood; required fishing ground; required built-up area; required grazing area; carbon dioxide uptake of forests. Ecological Deficit (using more than it has) and Ecological Reserve where used for comparing the different productive spaces, and are shown in Table 11. Results showed that the fishing ground of Taytay has the highest ecological reserve of 286,960.21 GHa for the year 2015. For the next 10 years, this productive space will still have the highest reserve. The municipality has a large coastal/marine area covered (Taytay Bay and Malampaya Sound) that could be the reason for its high reserve for fishing ground. On the other hand, the cropland requirement for food in the municipality showed the highest ecological deficit of 13,105.76 gha for the year 2015. For the next 10 years, the ecological deficit of the said productive space will increase and will remain as the highest deficit. This could be due to the increasing population of the municipality.
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Figure 8. Land classification map for the Municipality of Taytay. Source: DENR-CENRO, 2014 (FLUP)
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Table 11.Ecological footprint of Taytay Municipality1.
Requirement Deficit/Reserve Fraction of land area Year/ Ecological footprint 2015 2020 2025 2015 2020 2025 2015 2020 2025 variable (gha) Cropland requirement for food 31,006.86 35,716.96 41,149.44 13,105.76 17,815.86 23,248.34 0.10 0.13 0.17 Required forest for water 815.97 939.92 1,082.88 49,416.03 49,292.08 49,149.12 0.37 0.37 0.37 Required forest for timber and fuel wood 7,343.73 8459.28 9,745.92 42,888.27 41772.72 40,486.08 0.32 0.31 0.30 Required fishing ground 5,711.79 6579.44 7,580.16 286,960.21 286092.56 285,091.84 Required built-up area 4,895.82 5639.52 6,497.28 3,292.82 4,036.52 4,894.28 0.02 0.03 0.04 Required grazing area 1,631.94 1879.84 2,165.76 60,059.06 59,811.16 59,525.24 0.45 0.45 0.45 Carbon dioxide uptake of forests 26,111.04 30,077.44 34,652.16 30,880.96 26,914.56 22,339.84 0.23 0.20 0.17 *Computed by HUME 198 Practicum Team- Taytay
1The assumptions for the biocapacity by land use type per person in the Philippines (gha/person) are as follows: cropland = 0.38; grazing land = 0.02; forest land (for timber and fuelwood) = 0.09; fishing grounds = 0.07; built-up area = 0.06; for a total of 0.62 gha/person. Additional biocapacity values are carbon dioxide uptake (consumption footprint) = 0.32; and forest land (for water) = 0.01. The national carbon consumption footprint is used for carbon dioxide uptake instead of biocapacity as there is no biocapacity for CO2 given in the Atlas reference.
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Climate
Taytay has two distinct seasons, namely: dry and wet. The municipality experiences the dry season from January to May and wet season from June to December (see Figure 9 for illustration). Atmospheric Temperature The minimum temperature of the municipality ranges from 21°C-23°C, while the maximum temperature ranges from 29°C-31°C. The mentioned ranges apply and vary throughout the year. Wind Direction From the month of October to March, the municipality of Taytay is affected by the Northeast Monsoon. This is heightened during the months of January and February. The Southwest Monsoon takes over during the months of May to September, then the North Pacific Trades from the East for the months of April until early May. Rainfall According to the data from Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), Taytay has an annual long term total rainfall of 2000-3000 millimeters (see Figure 10).
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Figure 9. Climate type for the Province of Palawan.
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Figure 10. Total rainfall for the Province for Palawan.
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Natural Hazards/Constraints
The municipality of Taytay is susceptible to three geohazards: flooding, erosion, and landslide. Flooding Being an island and a coastal municipality, Taytay is susceptible to flooding. The high intensity rainfall associated with tropical depressions may cause flooding hazards. Barangays near the coastline are the most vulnerable to high flooding. Majority of the land area of Taytay is identified to have no flooding, as shown in Figure 11 of the following page. Erosion As illustrated in Figure 12, areas in the municipality are experiencing different intensities of erosion. Approximately 35,281.04 hectares are slightly erodible while 55,044.30 hectares are moderately erodible. Out of the total, 16,624.02 hectares is severely erodible covering the 14 barangays (Bantulan, Baras, Bato, Busy Bees, Calawag, Liminangcong, New Guinlo, Old Guinlo, Paglaum, Pamantolon, Pancol, Poblacion, Pularaquen (Canique), Talog). The rest remains unclassified. Barangay Casian is the only identified area having a recorded experience of slight erosion of 4.78 hectares (Figure 12). Landslide Landslide is the sliding down or downward and outward movement of earth materials such as rock and soil from a mountain or cliff. This is caused either by natural processes, such as excessive rain, rapid undercutting by rivers or sea waves, or by human induced activities. Areas which are vulnerable to this kind of hazard are concentrated along roads, cut slopes and stream embankments. These areas are mostly characterized by steep slopes, fractured and loosely consolidated rock materials and thick soil cover. As shown in Figure 13, majority of the land of Taytay is characterized as moderate in terms of the level of landslide hazard vulnerability.
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Figure 11. Flooding geohazard map for the Municipality of Taytay.
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Figure 12. Erosion map for the Municipality of Taytay.
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Figure 13. Landslide geohazard map for the Municipality of Taytay.
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Figure 14. Map overlay of all geohazards in the Municipality of Taytay.
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Biological Environment Wildlife Resources According to a fauna survey conducted by Pacific Consultants International, the municipality of Taytay has a total of 98 species and subspecies of vertebrate fauna. This includes 18 species of mammals (Table 12), 58 species and subspecies of birds (Table 13), 13 species reptiles (Table 14) and nine species of amphibians (Table 15). In terms of species richness and diversity, Lake Danao of Barangay Poblacion got the highest mammal species richness and diversity index values and it also ranked second in the bird species richness after Barangay Pamantolon, and third in bird species diversity. The highest bird species diversity was recorded in Barangay Calawag. Barangay Liminangcong ranked the highest reptile species richness and species diversity. Barangay Banbanan ranked the highest index in amphibian species richness, while Barangay Busy Bees got the highest amphibian species diversity (PCSDS et. al, 2006).
Flora Biodiversity Using the Shannon-Weiner Biodiversity Index (H‘) the overall plant diversity of Taytay is H‘= 4.03, meaning it has a high index. The highest diversity is found in Barangay Banbanan. This is the forested area in Mt. Capoas, a unique mountain in itself. The municipality of Taytay still has adequate intact forest cover. Of the 24 mainland barangays, three have small areas of old growth forests; Baras, Bantulan and around Taytay Poblacion, while Silanga does not have any. Five barangays, Sandoval, Busy Bees, Bato, Calawag, and Paglaum have medium areas of old growth forests. Sixteen Barangays namely Cataban, Pularaquen, Pamantolon, Pancol, New Guinlo, Old Guinlo, Tumbod, Talog, Libertad, Abongan, Alacalian, Banbanan, Minapla, San Jose, Liminangcong, and including Lake Manquao have very large areas of old growth forests (PCSDS et.al, 2006) Coastal/Marine Resources In general, the condition of the reefs of Taytay Bay and Malampaya Sound were fair with an average live coral cover of 49.9%. The average coral cover for all reef sites surveyed in Taytay Bay and adjoining waters was computed at 47.5% (fair condition) while for all reef sites in Malampaya Sound was at 57% or in good condition (see Table 16). Macroinvertebrates, benthic algae and thin patches of seagrasses were sighted in some reef sites. The most common macroinvertebrates are the long-spined black sea urchin (Diadema setosum), unidentified sponges, barrel sponge (Xestospongia testudinaria), ear sponge (Phyllospongia sp.), giant clams (Tridacna spp.), sea anemones, and oysters (Lopha cristagalli). In terms of percent substrate cover by seagrasses, on the average, (Enhalus acoroides) coverage was found to be the most dominant on the seagrass beds with 44%, (Thalassia hemprichii) and (Cymodocea serrulata) were similar in percent substrate cover with 31% and 28%, respectively. Sediments of sand were also noted. The sand supports a growth of the seagrass and these were particularly seen in some reef sites like in Batas Island (southeastern), Dipla Island, Maytigued Island, Polariquen and Talakanen Island (see Figure 15 for illustration) (PCSDS et. al, 2006) The fish communities of Taytay are in relatively good condition in terms of diversity and structure. A total of 224 species of fish distributed among 39 families were recorded. This includes at least 13 unidentified fish from eight (8) families. A total of only 14 species from 4 families were indicator species. Eleven (11) of the 14 indicator species listed were coral feeding fishes while three (3) were indicators of silty environment.
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Municipality of Taytay harbour marine wildlife. Most species of marine mammals and sea turtles are in the IUCN endangered species list. Among these marine mammals are the dugong, dolphins (i.e Irrawady dolphin), whales or cetaceans and turtles. Dugong sightings for a six-month period (Jan-June 2004) were highest in February in Paly where the animal was most frequently seen swimming, followed by June in Baras where the animal was reportedly feeding (see Figure 16). In the same 6 month period of January to June 2004, turtles were reportedly seen every day (84% of the total reported sightings), at any time (65%). Sightings were notably highest in June (53%) particularly in Tumbod. There was also high sighting frequency in May (27%), mostly in Baras and Casian; followed by February (17) in Beton and Paly (see Figure 17). Dolphin sightings were highest in Baras (22% of the total reported sightings) for the same six-month period as shown in Figure 18. The months of May and June exhibited most sighting frequencies which are spread throughout the north-eastern and south-eastern parts of Taytay Bay. Illustrated in Figure 19, whale sightings were highest in Tumbod (25%) for June. It is in Paly however, that sightings were observed to occur regularly for two months (January and Febuary), There are also several mangrove species in Taytay. Rhizophora apiculata has the most number of individual species with 300,585 while Bruguiera gymnorrhiza has the least number of individual species with 21,644. Species diversity depends on species composition and number of individual species in certain vegetation community (PCSDS, 2006)
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Table 12. Species List of Mammals Observed and Recorded in Taytay, Northern Palawan (June 13 to July 1, 2004).
Source: Fauna Report, 2006
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Table 13.Species List of Birds Observed and Recorded in Taytay, Northern Palawan (June 13 to July 1, 2004).
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Source: Fauna Report, 2006
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Table 14. Species List of Reptiles Observed and Recorded in Taytay, Northern Palawan (June 13 to July 1, 2004)
Source: Fauna Report, 2006
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Table 15. Species List of Amphibians Observed and Recorded in Taytay, Northern Palawan (June 13 to July 1, 2004)
Source: Fauna Report, 2006
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Table 16. Average Percentage of Corals observed in the Reef Sites Surveyed in Taytay, Palawan, June 2004
Source: Baseline Report on Coastal Resources, 2006
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50
40
30
20 Percentage 10
0 CYRO CYSE ENHA HPIN HOVA HUNI SYRI THALI Species
Cover (%) Relative Cover (%)
Figure 15. Percentage Cover of Seagrass Species in Taytay, Palawan (June, 2004).
Figure 16. Dugong Sightings in Taytay, Palawan by area(from January to June, 2004).
Figure 17. Turtle Sightings in Taytay, Palawan by area(from January to June, 2004).
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Figure 18. Dolphin Sightings in Taytay, Palawan by area(from January to June, 2004).
Figure 19. Whale Sightings, Taytay, Palawan by area(from January to June, 2004).
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2.3 POPULATION AND SOCIAL PROFILE
Historical Population Growth
Throughout the 20th century, it has been observed that the population of Taytay has generally increased (see Table 17 below). There is a significant decrease between 1903 and 1918, due to the creation of the Municipality of El Nido in 1916. This reduced the administrative boundary of Taytay, resulting to the decrease in population. Another slight decrease in population is observed between 1939 and 1948, which was the effect of the events of World War II. In 1960, due to the massive migration of fisherfolk from the Bicol and Visayas regions, there was a great increase in population. This phenomenon was known as the ―fishing boom‖. (LGU-Taytay, 1999) Table 17.Historical growth of population, 1903 – 1995.
Year Population Increase or Decrease Average Growth Rate 1903 4992 1918 2833 -2159 -3.71 1939 4173 1340 1.86 1948 4050 -123 0.33 1960 8607 4557 6.48 1970 11920 3313 3.31 1975 17712 5792 8.24 1980 22980 5268 5.35 1990 38435 15455 5.28 1995 47095 8660 4.15 2000 53657 6562 2.64 2007 61496 7839 1.97 2010 70837 9341 2.81 Source: CLUP Taytay 1999-2009
Population Size and Growth
Taytay is included in the 294 emerging cities and municipalities in the Philippines. It has placed 3rd in the most populous municipalities in Palawan. It is also known as one of the 12 largest urban municipalities in the Philippines and the 7th largest municipality in Luzon, having an area of 1,257.68 km2. (DENR-CENRO, 2014) As of 2010, the Census revealed that Taytay has a total population of 70,837 people. At the beginning of the 21st century, the municipality has retained an increasing population growth. Figure 20 below shows the trend of population of Taytay.
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80000 70000 60000 50000 40000
Population 30000 20000 10000 0 1990 1995 2000 2007 2010 Year
Figure 20. Population trend of Taytay, Palawan according to the Philippine Census in 1990-2010. As highlighted in Table 18, three barangays holding the biggest shares in the total municipal population are Poblacion (14.14%), Liminangcong (7.71%), and Calawag (6.54%). The three barangays that show the least shares in the total population are Minapla (0.94%), Baras (1.02%), and Cataban (1.10%). Taytay has an estimated growth rate of 2.82, which was used to project the population for the next 5 years, and 5 years thereafter. Population Density
Taytay has a total land area of 133,585.11 ha. In 2010, there is about one (0.53) person per hectare of land in the Municipality. The barangay that has the greatest population density is Casian with 873 persons per hectare. Casian is an island barangay with limited land. Libertad has the least population density with about 1 (0.13) person per hectare. The population densities of the other barangays are shown in Table 19.
Table 18. Projected population size of Taytay and its barangays in the next 5 years, and 5 years thereafter.
Barangay 2010 % of Projected Population Total 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2025 Abongan 4056 5.73 4661 4792 4927 5066 5208 5355 6153 Alacalian 2636 3.72 3029 3115 3202 3292 3385 3480 3999 Banbanan 1981 2.80 2277 2341 2407 2474 2544 2616 3005 Bantulan 2231 3.15 2564 2636 2710 2787 2865 2946 3383 Baras 723 1.02 831 855 879 903 929 955 1097 (Pangpang) Batas 1267 1.79 1456 1497 1539 1583 1627 1673 1922 Bato 2619 3.70 3010 3094 3182 3271 3363 3458 3973 Beton 1733 2.45 1992 2048 2105 2165 2226 2288 2629 Busy Bees 1130 1.60 1299 1333 1373 1412 1451 1492 1715 Calawag 4632 6.54 5323 5473 5627 5785 5948 6116 7027 Casian 4171 5.89 4793 4928 5067 5209 5356 5507 6327 Cataban 779 1.10 896 921 947 973 1001 1029 1182 Debangan 1229 1.73 1413 1452 1493 1535 1579 1623 1865 Depla 1013 1.43 1164 1197 1231 1266 1301 1338 1537 Libertad 1694 2.39 1945 2002 2058 2116 2176 2237 2570 Liminangcong 5460 7.71 6274 6451 6632 6819 7011 7209 8283 Meytegued 1052 1.49 1209 1243 1278 1314 1351 1389 1596
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Barangay 2010 % of Projected Population Total 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2025 Minapla 667 0.94 767 788 811 833 855 881 1012 New Guinlo 3372 4.76 3875 3984 4096 4212 4330 4452 5115 Old Guinlo 959 1.35 1102 1133 1165 1198 1232 1267 1455 Paglaum 2021 2.85 2323 2388 2455 2524 2595 2669 3066 Pamantolon 1545 2.18 1776 1826 1877 1930 1984 2040 2344 Pancol 2210 3.12 2540 2611 2685 2760 2838 2918 3353 Paly (Island) 2643 3.73 3037 3123 3211 3301 3394 3490 4010 Poblacion 10017 14.14 11510 11834 12167 12510 12862 13225 15195 Pularaquen 2315 3.27 2660 2735 2812 2892 2973 3057 3512 (Canique) San Jose 1829 2.58 2102 2161 2222 2285 2349 2415 2775 Sandoval 1287 1.82 1479 1521 1564 1608 1653 1700 1953 Silanga 1091 1.54 1254 1289 1326 1363 1401 1441 1655 Talog 968 1.37 1113 1144 1176 1209 1243 1278 1469 Tumbod 1507 2.13 1732 1781 1831 1882 1935 1990 2286 Taytay 70837 100 81392 83684 86041 88465 90956 93518 107452 (Municipality) Source: NSO, 2010
Table 19. Population density of each barangay in Taytay, Palawan.
Barangay Area (Hectares) Population 2010 Population Density Abongan 12612.46 4056 0.32 Alacalian 4683.28 2636 0.56 Banbanan 4505.11 1981 0.44 Bantulan 4921.81 2231 0.45 Baras 987.28 723 0.73 Batas 3243.99 1267 0.39 Bato 6248.62 2619 0.42 Beton 551.19 1733 3.14 Busy Bees 2880.69 1130 0.39 Calawag 6793.97 4632 0.68 Casian 4.78 4171 872.59 Cataban 3951.71 779 0.20 Debangan 1981.25 1229 0.62 Depla 2916.23 1013 0.35 Libertad 12839.46 1694 0.13 Liminangcong 10407.6 5460 0.52 Meteygued 2950.41 1052 0.36 Minapla 3446.81 3372 0.98 New Guinlo 1091.08 959 0.88 Old Guinlo 2817.41 2021 0.72 Paglaum 3226.95 1545 0.48 Paly 371.91 2210 5.94 Pamantolon 4660.81 2643 0.57 Pancol 6006.93 10017 1.67 Poblacion 8903.96 2315 0.26 Polariquen 3543.39 1829 0.52 San Jose 5187.05 1287 0.25 Sandoval 2945.78 1091 0.37 Silanga 1641.54 667 0.41 Talog 5127.78 968 0.19 Tumbod 2132.87 1507 0.71 Total 133585.1 70834 0.53 Source: FLUP, 2014
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Age-Sex Distribution
Population by Age Group and Sex According to NSO, there are 37,164 males and 33,364 females in the municipality in the year 2010. Based from Table 20 below, the computed sex ratio shows that there are 111 males for every 100 females in Taytay. Table 20. Household population by sex and age group.2
Age Group Both Male Female Sexes 0-4 9,648 4,963 4,685 5-9 9,868 5,165 4,703 10-14 9,657 4,953 4,704 15-19 8,109 4,271 3,838 20-24 5,692 3,037 2,655 25-29 4,809 2,526 2,283 30-34 4,454 2,420 2,034 35-39 3,983 2,155 1,828 40-44 3,468 1,834 1,634 45-49 3,073 1,676 1,397 50-54 2,462 1,326 1,136 55-59 1,835 1,003 832 60-64 1,303 727 576 65 and over 2,167 1,108 1,059 Total 70528 37,164 33,364 Source: NSO, 2010 Population Pyramid The population pyramid is used to show a better graphical presentation of Table 20. It is shown in Figure 21 that the population of Taytay has a wide base, and exhibits a triangular shape. The wide base represents the younger age groups, meaning that there are more young age population than the working age and old age population. It is an expansive type of population pyramid, meaning that the population is expressing high fertility, and growing at an increasing rate.
60-64
50-54
40-44
30-34 Female Age Age Group 20-24 Male 10-14 0-4 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 Population Size (in thousands)
Figure 21. Population pyramid of Taytay, Palawan.
2Figures are based on 20-percent sample households. Details may not add up to total due to rounding off.
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Dependency Ratio Using the same data from NSO in 2010, the population of the young, working, and old age groups were acquired. The young age group (0-14 years old) has the population of 29,173, while the working age group (15-64 years old) has the population of 39,188. The old age group (65 years old and over) has the population of 2,167. For every 100 of the working population, there are 75 young and 6 old age dependents. The overall dependency ratio of the municipality is that there are about 80 dependents for every 100 people of the working population. Dominant Language and Dialects The influx of people from different regions in the Philippines has introduced new languages in the municipality. Aside from Tagalog, the Bicol and the Visayan language are used by some of the people of Taytay. English is another foreign language that is used and understood in Taytay.
Present Status of Well-Being Health Health Personnel and Facilities Taytay has a Municipal Health Office that caters to the need of its constituents. According to the recent available report, the Municipal Health Office has a total of 22 personnel including:
1 Municipal Health Officer 1 Sanitation Inspector 1 Medical Officer 10 Midwives 1 Dentist 1 Dental Aide 3 Nurses 1 Clerk 2 Medical Technologists 1 Driver
According to the MHO head (2015), there are two doctors general practitioners in service. The ratio of midwives to the population is 1:5,000, while the ratio of Community Health Workers to households is 1:58. Leading Causes of Mortality
The top 10 leading causes of mortality in the municipality are the following, as stated in the MHO report in 2011: 1. Cardio-vascular disease 6. Post-partum Hemorrhage 2. Acute Renal Failure 7. Neonatal Deaths 3. Tuberculosis 8. Pneumonia 4. Fetal deaths of unspecified 9. Hypertension cause 10. Cancer (All types) 5. Acute Peptic Ulcer
Morbidity In the 2011 MHO report in Taytay, the top 10 leading causes of morbidity are: 1. Acute Upper Respiratory 6. Acute Gastro-enteritis Tract Infection 7. Iron Deficiency Anemia 2. Hypertension 8. Pneumonia 3. Systemic Viral Infection 9. Hypersensitivity Reaction 4. Urinary Tract Infection (allergy) 5. Diabetes Mellitus 10. Asthma
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Nutritional Status Through the Operation Timbang for the year 2014, the data on the prevalence of malnutrition per barangay was acquired. The total number of children ages 0-6 years old served by the program is 10,396. The barangay with the highest malnutrition prevalence rate is Baras (17.54%) while the lowest is Sandoval (1.4%). (see Table 21 below) Table 21. Malnutrition prevalence rate per barangay for the year 2014.
Rank Barangay Number of Number of Malnutrition 0-6 year Malnourished Prevalence Rate (% old Children of Total 0-6 year old Children Children) 1 Baras 114 20 17.54 2 Liminangcong 794 109 13.73 3 Biton/Beton 250 33 13.20 4 Calawag 741 87 11.74 5 Debangan 165 19 11.52 6 Abongan 594 62 10.44 7 Libertad 262 26 9.92 8 New Guinlo 497 48 9.66 9 Poblacion 1191 108 9.07 10 Pularaquen 314 28 8.92 11 Banbanan 240 20 8.33 12 Maytegued 116 9 7.76 13 Talog 158 12 7.59 14 Casian 482 32 6.64 15 Pancol 395 25 6.33 16 Minapla 117 7 5.98 17 Pamantolon 285 17 5.96 18 Cataban 139 8 5.76 19 Batas 187 10 5.35 20 Busy Bees 215 11 5.12 21 Paglaum 315 16 5.08 22 San Jose 323 16 4.95 23 Tumbod 130 6 4.62 24.5 Bato 382 16 4.19 24.5 Old Guinlo 215 9 4.19 26 Alacalian 390 15 3.85 27 Depla 183 7 3.83 28 Silanga 194 7 3.61 29 Bantulan 278 10 3.60 30 Paly 511 17 3.33 31 Sandoval 214 3 1.40 Total 10396 813 7.82% Source: MNAO, 2014
Other Health Statistical Data
According to the MHO Annual Report in 2010, there were a total of 122 recorded deaths. The older population aged 65 and above has the highest mortality rate, followed by the working population. There are fewer deaths recorded for the younger population (0-14 years old).
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For the 1st quarter of 2015, there is only 1 maternal death and 4 infant deaths recorded in the municipality. For every 1,000 of the total live births, there are 3 maternal deaths and 9 infant deaths. There are a total of 444 live births observed for the 1st quarter, 53.83% of them were facility-based deliveries and 54.28% were attended by skilled birth attendants. Education
It is shown in Table 22 that the municipality could expect gradual increase of students in the next five years, and five years thereafter. It is possible to have an expected increase in demand for educational facilities, materials, and even faculty. However, the CBMS (2011) records indicate, about 25% of the population ages 6-15are out-of-school.
Table 22. Projected school-going population for the next five years, and five years thereafter.
Projected School Going Population Out of Age School 2007 Group 2011 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2025 Youth (2011) 5 2005 2246 2515 2587 2661 2737 2816 2897 3336 - 6-11 5888 6594 7384 7595 7813 8038 8268 8505 9797 1065 12-15 3503 3923 4393 4519 4649 4782 4919 5060 5829 3393 16-17 1368 1532 1716 1765 1816 1868 1921 1976 2277 - 18-22 2708 3033 3396 3493 3594 3697 3803 3912 4506 - Total 15472 17326 19401 19957 20530 21119 21724 22348 25742 4458 Source: HUME198 Practicum Team - Taytay Currently, there are about 26 elementary schools in the 1st District of Taytay. These elementary schools offer kindergarten to sixth grade. Two hundred sixteen teachers, including head teachers and principals, are serving in the said schools. The highest number of teachers is in Julio Arzaga Elementary School at Brgy. Poblacion. In addition, there are 26 para-teachers funded by the local government to assist the existing teachers provided by the Department of Education. Housing
As shown in Table 23, the barangays that exhibit the most number of makeshift houses as shelter are Depla (39.47%), San Jose (23.48%), and Pularaquen (13.81%). Informal settlers are abundant in the barangays of Beton (25.58%), Paly Island (16.61%), and Baras (11.18%). Access to a Water Source In the barangay of Purlaquen, there are about 70.71% of households that have no access to a water source (see also in Table 23). This barangay exhibited the highest percentage of households without access to a water source, followed by the barangays of Pancol (39.81%) and Minapla (33.51%). All households in Pamantolon (100%) have access to a water source. For the 1st quarter of 2015, there are about 69.98% of the total households in the municipality have access to safe water. Sanitation The barangays of San Jose (79.55%), Paly Island (64.86%), and Old Guinlo (53.99%) have the highest percentage of households that do not have sanitary toilet facility. Depla (98.12%), on the other hand, has the highest proportion of households with
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Table 23. Housing and sanitation situation of households in all barangays in the year 2011 according to the CBMS.
No Access to Makeshift Informal Water No Sanitary Barangay Households Houses Settlers Source Toilet Facility HH % HH % HH % HH % Abongan 795 0 0.00 21 2.64 186 23.40 157 19.75 Alacalian 627 2 0.32 44 7.02 58 9.25 191 30.46 Banbanan 373 0 0.00 8 2.14 27 7.24 63 16.89 Bantulan 249 16 6.43 1 0.40 26 10.44 90 36.14 Baras (Pangpang) 152 1 0.66 17 11.18 4 2.63 121 79.61 Batas 274 26 9.49 1 0.36 16 5.84 95 34.67 Bato 595 73 12.27 5 0.84 7 1.18 86 14.45 Beton 301 10 3.32 77 25.58 32 10.63 149 49.50 Busy Bees 260 5 1.92 7 2.69 16 6.15 49 18.85 Calawag 863 35 4.06 32 3.71 160 18.54 373 43.22 Casian 830 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 0.12 102 12.29 Cataban 195 0 0.00 3 1.54 39 20.00 58 29.74 Debangan 240 2 0.83 4 1.67 3 1.25 99 41.25 Depla 266 105 39.47 1 0.38 1 0.38 5 1.88 Libertad 401 2 0.50 14 3.49 1 0.25 19 4.74 Liminangcong 1137 26 2.29 20 1.76 154 13.54 419 36.85 Meytegued 202 4 1.98 14 6.93 29 14.36 100 49.50 Minapla 185 11 5.95 3 1.62 62 33.51 72 38.92 New Guinlo 660 13 1.97 32 4.85 45 6.82 118 17.88 Old Guinlo 263 18 6.84 4 1.52 78 29.66 142 53.99 Paglaum 376 3 0.80 2 0.53 56 14.89 46 12.23 Paly (Island) 572 21 3.67 95 16.61 3 0.52 371 64.86 Pamantolon 395 0 0.00 8 2.03 0 0.00 84 21.27 Pancol 535 2 0.37 37 6.92 213 39.81 27 5.05 Poblacion 1263 49 3.88 69 5.46 54 4.28 170 13.46 Pularaquen (Canique) 536 74 13.81 2 0.37 379 70.71 59 11.01 San Jose 528 124 23.48 5 0.95 133 25.19 420 79.55 Sandoval 162 1 0.62 2 1.23 6 3.70 19 11.73 Silanga 306 3 0.98 3 0.98 67 21.90 81 26.47 Talog 198 5 2.53 2 1.01 19 9.60 15 7.58 Tumbod 286 3 1.05 17 5.94 75 26.22 123 43.01 TOTAL 14025 634 4.52 550 3.92 1950 13.90 3923 27.97 Source: CBMS, 2011
Protective Services
Recorded crimes in Taytay was divided into two types, namely the index and non- index crimes. Index crimes are crimes that are significant or occur at a regular rate in which it eventually becomes significant. Crimes which fall outside of this description are considered non-index crimes.
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Index crimes are further classified into two categories: crimes against person and crimes against property. Under crimes against person, the most number of recorded cases involves physical injury. The most number of recorded cases against property is theft. On the other hand, non-index crimes include special laws and other crimes not included in index crimes. The most number of recorded cases under special laws are violations against COMELEC Resolutions and illegal possession of firearms (RA 8294). Another non-index crime that has the most number of recorded cases is attempted robbery. (see Table 24 below)
Table 24.Crime statistics in Taytay for the months of January to September, 2013.
CV CS CC US Against Person 24 4 12 8 Index Crimes Against Property 54 3 5 46 Non-Index Special Laws 12 3 7 2 Crimes Other Non-Index Crimes 65 10 55 Grand Total 155 10 34 111 Source: FLUP, 2014
2.4 LOCAL ECONOMY
A. Labor Force and Employment
According to the 2010 census, Taytay has a total population of 70,837 with 18,931 total gainful workers ages 15 years old and over. Twenty-seven percent (27%) of the total working age population are gainfully employed. Majority or 72.36% of the total gainful workers are farmers, forestry workers, and fishermen, as shown in Table 25 below. Moreover, most of the establishments found in the municipality are into food manufacturing. These businesses mainly provide work for 1-4 employees, while only 13 establishments employ 5-9 workers (NCSO). The predominance of small-scale establishments reflects in general the nature and the true character of the local economy (DENR-CENRO, 2014). Livelihood Trainings The Municipal Social Welfare and Development (MSWD) and Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP) work hand in hand in order to provide alternative livelihood for Taytayanos. In the year 2013, bartending and tour guiding were taught to 105 beneficiaries. While in the year 2014, food and beverages services; tour guiding; housekeeping; automotive; and welding were taught to 533 beneficiaries. And in the present year, masonry; tile-setting; plumbing; welding; and electrical installations are the current trainings they teach to 500 beneficiaries. Most of these are beneficiaries of 4P‘s or the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. Aside from MSWD and SLP, Malampaya Foundation offers alternative livelihood such as seaweed farming, live fish culture, planting cacao and rubber tree, goat raising, dress making, abalone culture, and cashew processing.
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Table 25. Gainful workers 15 years old and over by major occupation group.
Major Occupation Group Total Percentage Number of based on Workers Total Workers (%) Officials of Government and Special Interest 782 4.13% Organizations, Corporate Executives, Managers, Managing Proprietors, and Supervisors Professionals 635 3.35% Technicians and Associate Professionals 277 1.46% Clerks 229 1.21% Services Workers and Shop and Market Sales Workers 660 3.49% Farmers, Forestry Workers and Fishermen 13,698 72.36% Trade and Related Workers 906 4.79% Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers 435 2.30% Laborers and Unskilled Workers 1,211 6.40% Armed Forces - - Other Occupation Not Elsewhere Classified - - Not Reported 97 0.51% Overall Total Gainful Workers Ages 15 Years Old 18,931 26.72% of and Over total population Source: NSO, 2010 Economic Profile and Its Livelihood Sources
Agriculture Of the total land area of 139,050 hectares of Taytay, 25% or almost 34,762.5 hectares may be devoted for agricultural production. According to the 2014 Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP), the actual and effective area being cultivated at present is placed at 7,534.5 hectares or only 21% of the entire agricultural land. These are tilled by about 3,626 farmers which translate to 2 hectares per farmer. It is observed that the major crop with the largest area planted is rice (see Table 26). Among the barangays, Abongan has the largest volume of rice production (Table 28). Calawag produces the largest volume of corn in the municipality (Table 27). Both Calawag and Poblacion have produced the largest volume for cassava production (see Table 29).
Table 26. Major crops produced by area, production, yield, cost, and income.
Total Yield Per Cost of Major Area Planted Net Income Production Hectare Production Crop (in hectares) (Php/Hectare) (MT) (MT) (Php/Hectare) Rice 7164 (14,328) 21,860.10 3.05 27,200 25,300 Corn 250 945 2.7 25,500 6,900 Banana 1,700 12,750 7.5 No data No data Coconut 2089 4178 2.0 No data No data Mango 635 1670.2 2.63 No data No data Cassava 741 5928 8 26,100 7,500 Cashew 7,441.92 8,930.3 1.19 No data No data Source: MAO, 2015.
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Table 27. Corn by Area, Production and Product Market, Year 2012.
CORN AREA PRODUCTION BARANGAY Hectares % of Total Volume Value 1. Abongan 20 7.78 56,000 672,000 2. Alacalian 15 5.83 42,000 504,000 3. Banbanan 15.5 6.03 43,450 520,800 4. Bantulan 10 7.78 56,000 672,000 5. Bato 10.5 4.08 29,400 352,800 6. Busybees 10 3.89 28,000 336,000 7. Calawag 40 15.56 112,000 1,344,000 8. Cataban 8.5 3.30 23,800 285,600 9. Libertad 12 4.66 33,600 403,200 10. New Guinlo 8 3.11 22,400 268,800 11. Paglaum 10 3.89 28,000 336,000 12. Pamantolon 10 3.89 28,000 336,000 13. Pancol 15 5.83 42,000 504,000 14. Poblacion 14.5 5.64 40,600 487,200 15. Pularaquen 9 3.50 25,200 302,400 16. Sandoval 17 6.61 47,600 571,200 17. Silanga 12 4.66 33,600 403,200 18. Talog 10 3.89 28,000 336,000 Source: MAO, 2015.
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Table 28. Rice by Area, Production and Product Market, Year 2012.
BARANGAY RICE AREA PRODUCTION PRODUCT MARKET Irrigated Non- No. of % of Volume Value Local Export (Within Irrigated HAS. Total (MT) Province/ Region/ Outside Philippines) Abongan 243 3.42 935.5 9.3 894 12.58 2935.2 29.35 Alacalian 126 1.77 472.6 4.72 632 8.89 2020 20.2 Banbanan 94 13.23 276.8 0.2768 Bantulan 6 .08 19.2 0.192 44 .61 139 1.39 Batas 23 .32 69 0.69 Bato 237 3.33 884.2 8.84 411 5.78 1318 13.18 Busybees 21 .29 64.4 0.644 196 2.75 588 5.8 Calawag 77 1.08 274 2.75 374 5.26 1180 11.8 Cataban 12 .16 37.4 0.374 139 1.95 417 4.17 Dipla 21 .29 59.2 0.592
Libertad 73 1.02 268 2.6 876 12.33 2754 27.5 Maytegued 31 .43 91.7 0.917 9 .12 28.5 0.285 Minapla 11 .15 32.6 0.326 New Guinlo 25 .35 82 0.820 111 1.56 349.9 3.49 Paglaum 16 .22 57.3 0.573 693 9.75 2215 22.15
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Pamantolon 43 .60 143 1.43 85 1.19 274 2.74 Pancol 33 .46 106.32 1.06 93 1.30 290 2.9 Poblacion 383 5.39 1258.8 12.58 278 3.91 880.6 8.8 Pularaquen 18 .25 55.4 0.554 118 1.66 749 7.49 Sandoval 70 .98 221 2.21 90 1.26 270 2.7 Silanga 6 0.08 18 0.18 24 .33 67 0.67 Talog 36 .50 134 1.34 246 3.46 804 8.04 Tumbod 1 Source: MAO, 2015.
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Table 29. Cassava by Area, Production and Product Market, Year 2012.
CASSAVA AREA PRODUCTION BARANGAY Hectares % of Total Volume Value 1. Abongan 39.5 5.09 138,250 691,250 2. Alacalian 23 2.96 80,500 402,500 3. Banbanan 25 3.22 87,500 437,500 4. Bantulan 36 4.63 126,000 630,000 5. Bato 48 6.18 168,000 840,000 6. Busybees 35 4.51 122,500 612,500 7. Calawag 54.5 7.02 190,750 953,750 8. Casian 36 4.63 126,000 630,000 9. Cataban 24.25 3.12 84,875 424,375 10. Dipla 15 1.93 52,500 262,500 11. Libertad 35 4.51 122,500 612,500 12. Liminangcong 33 4.25 115,500 577,500 13. Minapla 25 3.22 87,500 437,500 14. New guinlo 28 3.60 98,000 490,000 15. Old guinlo 32 4.12 112,000 560,000 16. Paglaum 29 3.73 101,500 507,500 17. Pamantolon 45.75 5.89 161,125 800,625 18. Pancol 32.5 4.18 113.750 568,750 19. Poblacion 54.5 7.02 190,750 953,750 20. Pularaquen 30 3.86 105,000 525,000 21. Sandoval 35 4.51 122,500 612,500 22. Silanga 36 4.63 126,000 630,000 23. Talog 24 3.09 84,000 420,000 Source: MAO, 2015.
The Municipal Agriculturist‘s Office (MAO) implements programs and projects to help the people engaging in agricultural activities. From 2008 to 2013, the highest number of beneficiaries of the programs/projects is in 2013, with a total of 728 (see Table 30). As shown in Table 31, the highest number of seedlings distributed by MAO was 3,090 in the year 2008, while the year with the highest number of recipients was in 2007, with a total of 19 recipients. Table 30. List of Programs and Projects by MAO from years 2008-2013.
MAO Program/Project Total Number of Beneficiaries/Participants AgriPinoy Corn and Cassava Program 728 2013 Participatory Coconut Planting Project 169 2013 Seedling Distribution 2012 6 Seedling Distribution 2011 14 Seedling Distribution 2010 11 Seedling Distribution 2009 4 Seedling Distribution 2008 18 Grand Total 950 Source: MAO, 2015.
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Table 31. Total Number and Kind of Seedlings Distributed and Number of Recipients of MAO from year 2007 to 2012.
Year Total Number of Kind of Seedlings Number of Seedlings Distributed Recipients 2007 1,548 Mango, Jackfruit, Suha, 19 Santol, Rubber Tree 2008 3,090 Mango, Jackfruit, Assorted 18 2009 1,250 Rubber Tree 4 2010 3.255 Assorted, Mango, Rubber Tree 11 2011 743 Assorted, Mango, Atis 14 2012 527 Budded Calamansi, Coconut 6 Tree, Assorted, Mango Source: MAO, 2015 Livestock and Poultry Production Local livestock and poultry production is generally done in the backyards of every household and is yet to be developed to large-scale mass productions. Fisheries Taytay ranks among the top producing municipalities in the province of Palawan in terms of fisheries with its catches of anchovies, coral trout, red-belly yellow tailed caesio, and tuna. According to the 2007-2015 data of MAO, there are 6,318 fishermen in the whole of Taytay. In addition, there are 34 existing fishermen associations with 1,029 members in total. Fish mainly comes from the Malampaya Sound and Taytay Bay, which have a combined catch of approximately 28,835 metric tons (CBCRM Research - Tambuyog 1994 and CLWUP). The Malampaya Sound is home to abundant fishes and the Irrawaddy dolphins, an endangered species found only in remote areas in Southeast Asia. On the other hand, Taytay Bay is an area for Live Reef Fish Trade (LRFT), specifically for coral trout locally known as ―suno”. Dugongs can also be found in this marine water. Based on the Fisheries Production Report from MAO, the catch in January 2015 was 0.8 metric tons of green grouper; 2.99 metric tons of suno; 0.1 metric tons of lobster; and 2.19 metric tons of assorted fishes were caught, making a total of 6.08 metric tons. In February 2015 the catch was as follows: 0.5 metric tons of tilapia; 0.6 metric tons of green grouper; 1.9 metric tons of suno; 0.1 metric tons of lobster; and 3.02 metric tons of assorted fishes were caught, making a total of 6.12 metric tons. These figures indicate a small increase in the total fish catch of assorted fish, but there is a decline in catch of Green Grouper and Suno. (see Table 32 below) In addition, there are a total of 9 live reef fish traders who have an average catch of 10 kg/trip. In 2011, there were 35,152 kg of live reef fish transported. This number increased to 56,929 kg in year 2012. Table 32. Fisheries Production Report from January to February 2015 in Taytay Bay.
TAYTAY BAY JANUARY 2015 FEBRUARY 2015 Fish Production (MT) Production (MT) Tilapia n/a 0.5 Green Grouper 0.8 0.6 Suno 2.99 1.9 Lobster 0.1 0.1 Assorted Fish 2.19 3.02
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Source: MAO, 2015.
Table 33. List of fishing gears and fish caught.
FISHING GEAR KIND OF FISH CAUGHT 1 Lagarette Lumahan, Tulingan, Tambakol 2 Hook and Line Galunggong, Lumahan, Sapsap, Bisugo, Torsilio 3 Common Gill Net Dilis, Manansi 4 Fish Pot Alimasag 5 Beach Seine Dilis, Dulong 6 Jigger Galunggong, Lumahan, Tulingan 7 Barrier Net Sapsap 8 Baklad Hipon, Banak, Suahe, Pusit 9 Bukatot Sapsap, Tonsoy, Salay-Salay 10 Pamante Tonsoy Hasa - Hasa, Tonsoy, Kabasi, Tanguege, 11 Talakop Asogon, Kanduli, Pusit 12 Bobo - Small / Big Samaral, Lapu-lapu Source: MAO, 2015. Table 34.Number of respondents with live reef fish (LRF) cages and species reared.
Source Number of Species Reared respondents Taytay Bay 1,068 Red grouper (suno) Malampaya 167 Green grouper (loba), red grouper (suno), sea bass Sound (mangagat), sea cucumber (balatan) Source: MAO, 2015. Trade, Commerce and Industry
Retailing based on agriculture and forest economy is the major industry of Taytay. Through the years, the number of establishments and trading activities had amplified and as a result, contributed to the increase in revenue. The cottage industry includes production of rattan crops, bakeries, furniture-making, petroleum fuel filling stations, dressmaking, tailoring, metal-craft, and sash mini factory. It also includes fish and squid drying which are more popular in the area (DENR-CENRO, 2014). Tourism
Taytay is home to many tourist destinations. As stated in the Tourism Development Plan (2013), 4% of the Local Government Unit‘s income comes from tourism. The destinations can be divided into three categories namely: 1) Existing: a site with a significant number of visitors, capability to attract more investments, have sufficient facilities and services and offers various activities and products; 2) Emerging: a site attracting sizeable volume of tourists with substantial facilities and services and has capacity for expansion; and 3) Potential: a site attracting minimal visitors which can be further developed with local government support (MTO, 2013). The existing tourist destinations/attractions include Fuerza de Santa Isabel, Malampaya Sound, Pabellon islands, Canique Falls, Lake Manguao, and the much anticipated Pasinggatan Festival (MTO, 2013). a. Fuerza de Santa Isabel - A Spanish fortress built in 1667. Guests can immerse themselves in the rich culture and history of Taytay from its mini-museum; the
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Fuerza grounds features a park, fountain, trellis, and a boulevard for R&R purposes. In 2010, Fuerza de Santa Isabel had 29,365 visitors. A municipal ordinance to turn it into a municipal historical park is now being considered for deliberation and enactment by the Sangunniang Bayan. b. Malampaya Sound features Mt. Capoas, the third highest mountain in Palawan. It is both a cultural icon and as folklore say, an enchanted mountain. The Sound boasts of bountiful harvests of fish, crabs, shrimps and mollusks. It was once known as the Fish Bowl of the Philippines. It is also one of the only three areas in the country where the Irrawaddy Dolphin, a critically endangered cetacean, can be sighted. c. Pabellon islands- about one hour by boat from Poblacion seaport, the islands are a group of black, serrated limestone cliffs (Pabellon Grand/Pabellon Pequeña) which produce first class quality edible birds‘ nests. The cliffs also feature a lagoon inside the cave for swimming, white beaches, caves and caverns where the birds‘ nests are woven and Boceadores-nest gatherers who can expertly climb the jagged rocks without harnesses or attachments. d. Canique Falls is about 30-45 minutes by land transport from Poblacion Taytay. Considering that it is situated in Barangay Pularaquen and is just 15 minutes off the main road going to Sandoval, is also an interesting stopover for those who have time to spare before they fly out of CLR airport. The waterfall is surrounded by forests and abundant wildlife. Perfect for bathing, nature watching, and traditional hilot. e. Lake Manguao is Palawan‘s largest fresh water lake and is just 10 to 15 minutes by land from the town proper. The lake is home to 124 different species of birds and at least 7 endemic freshwater fish species. At Lake Manguao one can choose to camp, take a nature hike through the trail path, paddle, bird watch, or even fish and cook- your-catch in the picnic area. f. Pasinggatan Festival- a festival in which all the barangays of Taytay participate and compete in trade, food, sports, beauty and street dancing activities. It is celebrated from March to May of every year. As shown in Table 36, other existing tourist attractions on Taytay, together with emerging and potential ones include Cuyawyaw Falls, Malaipit Forest Park, Reefs (Tecas, Lopez, Talacanen, Dinot, Black Rock, Nabat, Batas, Tabuyo, and Maliao), Bugtong Bukid, White Squirrel in Biton Island, Paly Live Fish Industry, Quimbaludan, Tubog Malaipit, Taytay Public Market, Biritbiten, and Bulangan sa Taytay (TDP, 2013).
Table 35. Other tourist destinations in Taytay.
Existing Tourist Attraction Location Main Features Taytay Landmark Poblacion, Taytay, Palawan Landmark Minapla Conical Stones and White White Beach and Conical Beaches Minapla Island Stones Taytay Bay Dive Sites & Coral Gardens Taytay Bay Coral Gardens Sta. Monica Church Bgy. Poblacion, Taytay Historical Spanish Church Source: Municipal Agriculture Office, 2015. Table 36. Existing, emerging and potential tourist attractions in Taytay. Name of Type Category Existing/ Description Destination Emerging/ Potential Cuyawyaw Falls Nature Falls Emerging Large waterfall which drops from a height of 25 meters Malaipit Forest Park Nature Park Existing A beautiful thick forest and wildlife. Pool Camping Features man made pools, a gazebo, and accommodation. Reefs (Tecas, Lopez, Nature Sites/ Reef Dive Emerging Dive sites and reefs featuring beautiful Talacanen, Dinot, coral gardens, deep sea scuba, Black Rock, Nabat, spawning aggregations, snorkelling Batas, Tabuyo, and and research. Maliao) Bugtong Bukid Nature Volcano Potential Dormant volcano, suitable for climbing and nature watching. Also
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Name of Type Category Existing/ Description Destination Emerging/ Potential possesses cold springs. White Squirrel in Nature Special Fauna Emerging Island is home to the white squirrel, Biton Island which is only found in Taytay. Paly Live Fish Industrial Fishery Potential Chains of fish cages cultivating lapu- Industry Tourism lapu and lobster. Quimbaludan Sports and Beach for sea Potential White beach with abundance of Recreational bathing seashells. Good for picnicking and Facilities moonlight swimming Tubog Malaipit Sports and Pools and Spring Emerging Pool that serves as a basin for flowing Recreational streams provided by mountain springs Facilities Taytay Public Market Shopping Open air market/ Existing Center of trade in the municipality, traditional where everybody purchases all their market basic needs. Biritbiten Shopping Souvenirs/ Existing Souvenir shop, a show case of Delicacies Taytay‘s locally made products Bulangan Sa Taytay Other Cockfighting Existing Derby cockfighting event Source: Municipal Tourism Office, 2015.
Tourist Profile The regular tourist season in Taytay is November through March, while the peak season is April and May, and the off peak season is June through October (TDP, 2013). (see Figure 22) Based on the survey in 2010, it was recorded that there were 642 tourists from foreign countries. Mostly were visiting from France (24.14%), United States (11.99%) , and Netherlands (8.26%).
1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 2010 300 2011 200 100 0
Figure 22. Number of tourists staying in Taytay in 2010 and part of 2011. (MTO, 2013)
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18%
Province Outside Province 23% 59% Foreign Country
Figure 23. Distribution of tourist's residence. (MTO, 2013)
Number of Accommodation Establishments As of 2011, there was a total of 10 accommodation establishments in Taytay; 2 resorts, 1 apartel (apartment hotel), 2 pension houses, 1 tourist inn, and 4 unclassified establishments, as shown in Table 37. (TDP, 2013) Table 37. Type of accommodation establishments and their number of rooms and employees in 2010-2011.
2010 2011 Type of Number of Number Number Number Number Accommodation Establishments of of of of Establishment Rooms Employees Rooms Employees Hotel 0 0 0 0 0 Resort 2 48 107 68 107 Apartel 1 3 4 9 4 Pension House 2 31 8 31 8 Tourist Inn 1 7 4 7 4 Home Stay (B&B) 0 0 0 0 0 Unclassified 4 20 5 20 5 TOTAL 10 109 128 135 128 Source: MTO, 2013. Tourism Services As shown in Table 38, the municipality has a total of 24 establishments which offer tourism services, of which 21 are located in Bgy. Poblacion, while the rest are in Liminangcong, Casian and Maytegued. Among these establishments, there are 2 booking offices, 1 catering service, 1 food and wine bar, 1 lodging and restaurant, 4 lodging houses, 3 pension houses, 2 resorts, 2 ticketing offices, 4 restaurants, 1 restaurant/bar, 2 souvenir shops, and 1 transport service. (TDP, 2013)
Table 38. List of tourism service industries in Taytay.
Business Name Major Activities and Business Address Specialty Chirica Resorts Corp Booking Office Poblacion Atienza Shipping Lines Booking Office Agent Liminangcong Tay Lelong Pension House Catering Services Poblacion Toombazooka Food and Wine Bar Poblacion Villa Incognito Lodging and Restaurant Poblacion Apartelle Lodging House Poblacion
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Business Name Major Activities and Business Address Specialty John 15:7 Lodging House Poblacion Tay Lelong Lodging House Poblacion Tubog Eco Lodge Lodging House Poblacion PEMS Pension House Pension House Poblacion Taytay Pension Pension House Poblacion Polaris Pension Pension House Poblacion Altamar Resort Casian Chirica Resorts Corp Resort Maytegued Shepherd‘s Ticketing Poblacion And Travel Services Ticketing
Garlan‘s Grill, Bar and Restaurant Poblacion Restaurant PEMS Restaurant Restaurant Poblacion Polaris Restaurant Poblacion Jevy‘s Place Restaurant Poblacion Sea Slugs Resto Bar Restaurant/Bar Poblacion Asian, Tableria & Art Craft Souvenir Items Poblacion Britibiten Souvenir Shop Poblacion Add Travel Express Ticketing Office Poblacion Lexus Shuttle Service Transport Service Poblacion Source: MTO, 2013.
2.5 INFRASTRUCTURE, PUBLIC FACILITIES AND UTILITIES
Road Network Taytay has a total road length of 348.72 kilometers, with 220 kilometeres of national road, 75 kilometers of provincial road and 46 kilometers of municipal roads. A total of 18 major roads connect most of the 31 barangays, while there are 4 existing road networks in the municipality (see Table 39). Providing access to the remote barangays of Taytay is one of the priority concerns of the Local Government of Taytay. With the available heavy equipment, opening of pilot roads was made possible to the barangays of Pamantolon (via Langayan), Silanga, Alacalian, Bato (via Comalibongbong), Bantulan proper, Sader of Bantulan, Calawag (via Caroroy), and Busybees (via Tamisan). The concreting of Puerto Princesa to Roxas road is still onlypartly complete; thus, the travel time is 3 to 4 hours. During the dry season, travel is difficult because of thick dust (FLUP, 2014). Table 39. Existing road networks in the Municipality of Taytay. Classifications Kilometers a. Barangay Road 61.16 b. Municipal Road 93.33 c. National Highway 63.79 d. Provincial Road 130.44 Total 348.72 Source: CRM Plan, 2010 Most of the town bridges are under the administration of the national government. There are a total of fifteen (15)bridges along the roads of Taytay: six (6) are reinforced concrete deck girder(RCDG) and nine (9) are wooden bridges (Timber Trestle). These bridges are considered sufficient enough to accommodate the present volume of traffic. The concrete bridges were constructed by the National Government while the wooden
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Taytay ECAN Resource Management Plan 2015 ones were constructed to fit the Municipal budget. These wooden bridges are passable and sturdy but only have limited vehicle capacity (Municipal CRM, 2010-2014). Road Transportation The municipality also has a sufficient number and diversity of modes of land transportation somewhat similar to the other municipalities in the area. These transports include buses, shuttle vans, PUJs, motorcycles, tricycles, bancas and carabao-driver carts. (Forest Land Use Plan, 2014). Air Transportation There is one airstrip in the Municipality of Taytay which is the Cesar Lim Rodriguez airport in Barangay Sandoval that could serve as a gateway for local and international tourists. Unfortunately, this airport is not operating at present. Sea Transportation Considering its geographic configuration where the municipality is part of a bigger island surrounded by bodies of water like creeks, rivers and ocean, Taytay has existing port facilities supervised by Philippine Ports Authority and being managed by the Local Government. The four seaports in the municipality are Liminangcong Port, Taytay Port in Poblacion, Santa Cruz Roro Port (due to operate in 2016) and Calawag Pier. Most of the Ports are being used only for transport of cargo to and from Taytay, but at Liminangcong Port, ships also carry passengers to and from Manila. The ships from Liminangcong Port carry more than a hundred passengers per week from Liminangcong to Manila. The Santa Cruz Roro Port, at Barangay Bantulan, constructed and finished during the last term of former Mayor Roberto V. Rodriguez increased passenger/cargo traffic into Taytay once it operates in 2016. Irrigation According to the Municipal Coastal Resource Management Plan, there are four communal irrigation systems now serving four barangays in Taytay, as shown in the following table (Table 40). Table 40. Communal irrigation systems.
Name of Barangay Area Served a. Abongan 400 hectares b. Paglaum More or less 30 hectares c. Calawag More or less 30 hectares d. Cataban More or less 20 hectares
There are three (3) ‗level III‘ water systems (individual house connection) at the municipality: Poblacion Water District, New Guinlo Waterworks and Liminangcong Waterworks. With their respective sources which are Mamaken Creek situated in Poblacion, Sitio Carlit in New Guinlo and Sitio New Guinea located in Liminangcong, they serve a total of 1,327 households in the municipality. The level II water systems (communal water pump station) serve 4,441 households spread amongtwenty (20) barangays (see Table 41), while 5,980 households only have access to level I water systems (i.e. direct sources such as creeks and rivers). Lake Manguao or commonly known as Lake Danao is not only a major tourist destination but also an important fresh water source. Taytay is also endowed with several other water resources such as waterfalls, navigable rivers, and lakes.
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The municipality is abundant in terms of its sources of surface water due to its lake and numerous branching rivers and waterfalls. It has 39 rivers and 15 waterfalls located in 9 barangays as reported in its CLUP (1999-2009). However, the groundwater resources of the municipality are challenging to utilize because of the nature of overlying rocks that have very low permeability and therefore restrict water flow. Few areas with shallow wells were able to be developed as sources of water supply for the households. These can be found along the northern part of Poblacion, Calawag, and Bantulan (FLUP, 2014). Table 41. Level II water systems in Taytay for the year 2003. Location Number of Population Household Barangay Sitio Served Served Calawag Lagoyloy/ New Site 4,162 832 New Guinlo Proper (also w/ level III) 2,187 437 Casian Loyo 1,993 398 Bantulan Proper/Sader 1,600 320 San Jose Sugod 1,544 303 Pularaquen Mamacnan 1,338 267 Batas Bancuang 1,107 221 Pamantolon Proper 1,046 209 Tumbod Proper 1,023 204 Banbanan Proper 991 198 Pancol Proper 846 169 Debangan Proper 690 138 Maytegued Proper 687 137 Silangan Proper 482 96 Cataban Proper 477 95 Poblacion Igang 438 92 Old Guinlo Proper 438 87 Paglaum Candies 400 80 Bato Proper 400 80 Minapla Proper 391 78
TOTAL 21,849 4,441 Source: FLUP, 2014
Table 42. Water Production and Consumption of Barangay Poblacion for 2015.
I. EXISTING AND NEW CONSTRUCTED FACILITIES TYPE AREA Minimum Maximum Project Status Operation SERVED Yield Yield Liters per Liters per sec. (L/s) sec. (L/s) a. Pumped Pump 1 (LGU) 5HP Zone 3 0.6 2.0 LGU Equity 12 hours Pump 2 (James) 5HP Zone 3 1.2 2.0 NLIF new Optional const. Pump 3 (Arzaga) 7.5HP Zone 3 1.0 1.8 NLIF new 8 hours const. Mamaquen dugwell 2HP Zone 1 & 1.5 2.0 Kfw Const. Optional 2 b. Gravity Mamaquen Surface water Zone 1 to 1.8 4.0 Old existing 24 hours 3
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Malaipit Spring source Zone 4 0.6 2.5 NLIF new 24 hours const. Melita Spring source Zone 5 2.0 3.0 NLIF new 24 hours const. Nagbenter Source Zone 6 2.0 3.0 DOH 2010 24 hours Funded TOTAL (in liters per 10.7 20.3 second) II. NO. OF CONNECTED CONCESSIONAIRES TO DATE SERVICE AREA ZONE ACTIVE INACTIVE AVE. CONSUMED San Lorenzo to DPL 1 125 64 1583 m3/mo. 24 hours Purok 4 and Partial of 2 154 48 2446 m3/mo. 24 hours Purok 5 Purok 1 to 3 3 179 95 2551 m3/mo. 24 hours Malaipit 4 47 1 716 m3/mo. 24 hours Monte-Vista 5 187 0 2250 m3/mo. 24 hours So. Malapajo-Arado 1 & 2 6 36 0 593 m3/mo. 24 hours TOTAL (Billed) 728 208 10139 CSR (Unbilled) 274 Grand Total Ave. 10413 Consumption Per Month Source: Taytay Water District, 17th of April 2015. (Non-revenue water/backwashing/drain not included)
Note: Water service connection to Government Offices are free of charge or unbilled due to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)and has an average of 224m3 consumption per month. As shown in Table 42, there are both pumped and gravity water constructed facilities supplying Barangay Poblacion. The water sources of the pumped type are Pump 1 (LGU) 5HP, Pump 2 (James) 5HP, Pump 3 (Arzaga) 7.5HP and Mamaquen dugwell 2HP. On the other hand, the sources for the gravity type are Mamaquen Surface water, Malaipit Spring source, Melita Spring source and Nagbenter Source. It can be observed that most of the water facilities are operating 24 hours a day except for the Pump 3 which is functional for only 8 hours. The minimum yield of water is 10.7 L/s and the maximum yield is 20.3 L/s. The grand total average consumption per month of the barangay is 10,413m3. As of February 2015, there are 728 households being serviced by the water district. The demand on peak day is about 410m3while the off peak demand is 280m3. On a daily basis, Poblacion consumes an average of 0.08 m3 per capita. Electric Power Supply PALECO (Palawan Electric Cooperative) provides electricity to about 701 households in Poblacion for only 12 hours daily, franchised from NAPOCOR, while the electricity supply of Barangay Liminangcong is being managed by a People‘s Association (Barangay Power Association/BAPA), providing electricity for eight hours. The Municipal Government has its own generating set providing electricity from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm to the different offices of the municipal building and some government building/agencies within the complex (FLUP, 2014). As of May 6, 2015, Palawan Electric Cooperative (PALECO) serves 26% of the total barangays of Taytay which are Poblacion, New Guinlo, Old Guinlo, Bato, Abongan, Paglaum, Libertad, and Talog. The total number of households being provided with 24- hour electricity by PALECO is 2,103 households (see Table 43 below).
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Table 43. Number of PALECO customers per barangay as of 6th of May 2015.
Item No. Name of Barangay No. of Customers 1 Poblacion 1,378 2 New Guinlo 169 3 Old Guinlo 27 4 Bato 170 5 Abongan 165 6 Paglaum 142 7 Libertad 30 8 Talog 22 TOTAL 2,103 Source: Palawan Electric Cooperative, 2015.
Communication Facilities Based on the Municipal Coastal Resource Management Plan (2012), there are two post offices (Poblacion and Liminangcong), a TELECOM (DOTC), PRCS (LGU), and private mobile calling systems (SMART and Globe Cell sites in Poblacion, Abongan and Liminangcong; Globe in Pancol, Talog, and Old Guinlo; and SMART in Apulit). SMART Communication and Globe Telecommunication provide faster and readily accessible communication to and from the other parts of the Philippines and the world. Some Punong Barangays and selected municipal officials have handheld radio for emergency calling assistance within the municipality.(Municipal CRM Plan, 2010-2014). Industrial Facilities There is one privately owned and operated ice and cold storage plant at Barangay Liminangcong that supports the fishing industry together with 7 small and medium scale mini-ice plants at Malampaya Sound. Fish landings and markets are established at some coastal barangays, including Pancol, New Guinlo, Liminangcong, Poblacion and Calawag. Aquaculture farms and agar-agar (seaweeds) farms sprout inside Malampaya and the coasts along western and eastern seaboards (CRM Plan, 2010-2014). Drainage and Flood Control System The municipality‘s drainage is generally dependent on its natural drainage system consisting of rivers and numerous streams and/or creeks. There are some areas in Barangay Poblacion which have a drainage system of concrete ditches and earth canals. Existing drainage facilities which drain surface water run-off along roadways are either concrete lined canals or earth canals. In other areas, storm run-offs either seeps into the ground or drain overland to creeks and other natural waterways that eventually discharge into the sea (Municipal CRM, 2010-2014). Sewage Disposal There is no organized sewage disposal facility in the municipality. A sewage material from domestic and commercial establishment is discharged into individual septic tanks and open pits. Other types of domestic wastewater are discharged into earth canals that drain to rivers or creeks or are simply allowed to seep naturally into the ground. (Municipal CRM Plan, 2010-2014) Solid Waste Disposal System The residents of the municipality take care of their own domestic household solid waste. Garbage disposal by burning is practiced by about 39% of the total household, followed by dumping in individual pits (29%), burying (25%), picked up by service
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Taytay ECAN Resource Management Plan 2015 garbage truck (8%), and garbage pit or composting (7%). The municipality has one garbage truck collecting solid waste daily in Barangay Poblacion. The open dumping site is located about 2 kilometers outside the Poblacion (Municipal CRM Plan, 2010-2014).
2.6 LOCAL INSTITUTIONAL CAPABILITY
The administrative set-up of the government of Taytay Municipality of Palawan follows the prescription of the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG). Republic Act No. 7160 known as the Local Government Code of the Republic of the Philippines serves as the basis for the local administration‘s structure, functions and civil powers. The Code also serves as the basis upon which personnel administration and inter- government relations stipulated. The municipal government of Taytay recognizes its limitations and constraints such as inadequate social services and economic infrastructures and utilities.The municipality is endowed with natural tropical resources and untapped potentials which, if utilized properly, can enhance the socio-economic progress of the municipality. Thus, the municipal and barangay government play an important role in finding ways and means to produce significant changes in the municipality for the welfare and socio-economic growth of its constituents.
B. Local Government Structure Directory of Municipal Officials (2013-2016) Mayor Hon. Romy L. Savalme Vice Mayor Hon. Christian V. Rodriguez Sangguniang Bayan Members/Committee Chairmanship Hon. Delma P. Edep Hon. Liza E. Magbanua Hon. Joseph M. Cuaton Hon. Silverio L. Catedral Hon. Leo S. Romaguera Hon. Merlyn T. Paculanang Hon. Linda E. Ambasa Hon. Apolo L. Rapsing Hon. Norbert V. Lim (President of the Liga ng mga Barangay) Local government unit/department/program heads Elviera C. Magon Municipal Human Resource Management Officer Mark Lawrence H. Pleyto Municipal Administrator Ramil B. Gaviana OIC Municipal Planning & Development Coordinator Herminio G. Palay Municipal Civil Registrar Rolando G. Villagracia Municipal General Services Officer Asil B. Penuela OIC Municipal Budget Officer Ruby S. Socrates Municipal Accountant Ludivina B. Palay Municipal Treasurer Mildred A. Valdez Municipal Assessor Dan A. Del Rosario Municipal Health Officer Natividad T. Junio Municipal Social Welfare & Development Officer Gaspar L. Pacionela Municipal Agriculturist Michael E. Arzaga Municipal Engineer Vicente Azurin Jr. Municipal Tourism Officer Joji E. Laurente Municipal Environment & Natural Resources Officer Rustico B. Dangue Municipal Local Government Operations Officer Department of Interior & Local Government
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OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL MAYOR Hon. Romy L. Savalme Municipal Mayor
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY TO THE OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL MUNICIPAL HEALTH OFFICE ADMINISTRATOR SANGGUNIANG BAYAN VICE MAYOR Dan A. Del Rosario Mark Lawrence H. Pleyto Antonia A. Gonzales Hon. Christian V. Rodriguez Municipal Health Officer Secretary to the Sangguniang Bayan Municipal Vice Mayor Municipal Administrator
MUNICIPAL AGRICULTURE’S OFFICE OF THE CIVIL REGISTRY MUNICIPAL HEALTH OFFICE SANGGUNIANG BAYAN OFFICE OFFICE Herminio G. Palay Dan A. Del Rosario Gaspar L. Pacionela Municipal Civil Registrar Municipal Health Officer Sangguniang Bayan Members Municipal Agriculturist Hon. Delma P. Edep MUNICIPAL SOCIAL WELFARE AND Hon. Liza E. Magbanua MUNICIPAL ACCOUNTANT’S OFFICE MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OFFICE Hon. Joseph M. Cuaton Ruby S. Socrates NATURAL RESOURCES OFFICE Hon. Silverio L. Catedral Joji E. Laurente Municipal Accountant Dan A. Del Rosario Hon. Leo S. Romaguera MSWD Officer MENRO Officer Hon. Merlyn T. Paculanang Hon. Linda E. Ambasa Hon. Apolo L. Rapsing MUNICIPAL BUDGET’S OFFICE MUNICIPAL ENGINEER’S OFFICE MUNICIPAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT Hon. Norbert V. Lim Asil B. Penuela Michael E. Arzaga OPERATIONS OFFCIE Officer-in-Charge Municipal Engineer Rustico B. Dangue MLGO Officer
MUNICIPAL ASSESSOR’S OFFICE MUNICIPAL GENERAL SERVICES MUNICIPAL PLANNING AND Mildred A. Valdez OFFICE DEVELOPMENT OFFICE Municipal Assessor Rolando G. Villagracia Ramil B. Gaviana Municipal General Services Officer Officer-in-Charge
MUNICIPAL HUMAN RESOURCE MUNICIPAL TREASURER’S OFFICE MUNICIPAL TOURISM OFFICE MANAGEMENT OFFICE Ludivina B. Palay Elviera C. Magon Vicente Azurin Jr. Municipal Treasurer Municipal Tourism Officer Municipal HRMO Officer 63 | P a g e Figure 24. Organizational Structure of the Local Government Unit of Taytay, Palawan Taytay ECAN Resource Management Plan 2015
Functional Statement of Different Departments in the Municipal Government of Taytay, Palawan:
OFFICE OF THE MAYOR The Municipal Mayor‘s office exercise general supervision of all programs, projects & activities of the municipal government. They enforce all laws & ordinances pertinent to effective governance. OFFICE OF THE VICE MAYOR The Municipal Vice Mayor‘s office enacts ordinances, approves resolutions and appropriate funds for the general welfare of the municipality. OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR This is an extension of the Office of the Municipal Mayor. The operational components of the office are Special Projects Development and Management, Inter- Office and Inter-Agency Coordination and Assistance, and Organizational Development.
OFFICE OF THE SANGGUNIANG BAYAN The Sangguniang Bayan, as the legislative Body of the municipal government, shall enact ordinances; approve resolutions and appropriate funds for the general welfare of the municipality pursuant to Section 16, R.A. 7160 and in proper exercise of the corporate powers of the municipality as provided by Section 22 of R.A. 7160. OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL SECRETARY The Municipal Secretary‘s office provides the Office of the Sangguniang Bayan the legal & technical assistance for effective local legislation and serves as conduct between Local Chief Executive & Local Sanggunian. OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT COORDINATOR The Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator‘s office provides technical assistance to the local government unit and its component barangays in planning and development matters. OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL REGISTRAR The Municipal Registrar‘s office provides civil registration program in the municipality pursuant to the Civil Registry Law, the Civil Code & other pertinent laws, rules and regulations. OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL BUDGET OFFICER The Municipal Budget office provides technical assistance to the local government unit and its component barangays concerning budgetary matters. OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL ACCOUNTANT The Municipal Accounting office provides services regarding accounting & auditing to the local government and its barangays.
OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL TREASURER The Municipal Treasurer‘s office advices the Mayor, the Sanggunian and other local government officials concerned as the case maybe regarding the disposition of the local government funds & other matters related to public finance. They take custody of and exercise proper management of the funds of the concerned LGU and take charge of the disbursement of funds entrusted by law or other component authority. They inspect private commercial land & industrial establishments under the jurisdiction of the LGU concerned, in relation to the implementation of tax ordinances, pursuant to the provision under Book II of the Code. They maintain & update the tax information system of the
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LGU. Lastly, they exercise other powers and perform other duties and functions as maybe prescribed by the law or ordinance. OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL ASSESSOR As delegated by the Provincial Assessor, the Municipal Assessor shall be responsible for the proper & efficient administration of real property tax, as well as to provide technical assistance to the local government units and its barangays. OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL TOURISM The Office of the Municipal Tourism shall be responsible on matters pertaining to planning and implementation of plans, programs activities for local tourism. OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL ENGINEER The Municipal Engineer‘s office provides engineering services, plans and assistance to the local government unit concerned, which includes investigation and survey engineering design, feasibility studies and project management. OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL HEALTH OFFICER The Municipal Health Unit provides basic health services for the efficient, effective & economical implementation of health services programs in the community. OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL SOCIAL WELFARE & DEVELOPMENT The Municipal Social Welfare & Development‘s office is mandated to deliver basic services relative to the social welfare & development such as, to look after, to protect and to rehabilitate the impoverished sector of the community. In addition, it has developed programs and services catering to the mentioned sector, with strategies along the rehabilitation of individuals, families and the community. OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL AGRICULTURE The Municipal Agriculture‘s office implement programs that protect, enhance & support all activities related to production and distribution of crops, livestock and poultry, agriculture extension services and other service related activities. OFFICE OF THE GENERAL SERVICES The General Services Officer is the one who takes charge of the administrative functions of the Local Government Unit. Operational components of the office include records management, security services, property, supplies and management (procurement, storekeeping, and maintenance and disposal), and janitorial services.
List of Barangay Officials Hon. Nonie Rolly S. Erfe Punong Barangay of Abongan Hon. Claudina G. Apolinario Punong Barangay of Alacalian Hon. Delia M. Signo Punong Barangay of Banbanan Hon. Richard Y. Sanchez Punong Barangay of Bantulan Hon. Marcial T. Gujilde Punong Barangay of Batas Hon. Marcelino S. Nava Punong Barangay of Bato Hon. Ceferino D. Cuizon Punong Barangay of Busy Bees Hon. Elfren D. Dandal Punong Barangay of Biton Hon. Roberto V. Rodriguez Punong Barangay of Calawag Hon. Norbert V. Lim Punong Barangay of Casian Hon. Hermilina V. Bonagua Punong Barangay of Cataban Hon. Carson B. Enriquez Punong Barangay of Debangan Hon. Gerardo A. Cabebe Punong Barangay of Dipla Hon. Rogelia D. Rodriguez Punong Barangay of Libertad Hon. Lanie G. Abogado Punong Barangay of Liminangcong
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Hon. Danilo A. Abrina Punong Barangay of Maytegued Hon. Renato S. Biasong Punong Barangay of Minapla Hon. Ricky C. Abes Punong Barangay of New Guinlo Hon. Antonio R. Abelinde Punong Barangay of Old Guinlo Hon. Jimmy G. Garganza Punong Barangay of Paglaum Hon. Juliet L. Largado Punong Barangay of Paly Hon. Edilberto Y. Felizarte Punong Barangay of Pamantolon Hon. Rhea A. Martin Punong Barangay of Pancol Hon. Eriberto P. Flores Punong Barangay of Pangpang Hon. Allan R. Miguel Punong Barangay of Poblacion Hon. Ely C. Abis Punong Barangay of Pularaquen Hon. Albert M. Pacia Punong Barangay of San Jose Hon. Manuel L. Legion Punong Barangay of Sandoval Hon. Eden E. Lopez Punong Barangay of Silanga Hon. Abraham V. Calaor Punong Barangay of Talog Hon. Millard T. Gibaya Punong Barangay of Tumbod
C. Income and Expenditures
Table 44. The income of the Municipality of Taytay from 2013-2015.
Particulars Past Year 2013 Current Year 2014 Budget Year 2015 Actual (Php) Estimate (Php) Estimate (Php) Beginning Balance - 1,933,977.70 - General and Income 1,517,446.32 1,633,702.08 1,577,805.94 Accounts Property Taxes 3,049,285.49 2,678,330.70 2,654,268.75 Tax on Goods and 5,064,130.93 4,139,439.00 2,791,616.58 Services Other Receipts and 189,764,547.05 211,771,873.89 244,950,487.50 Taxes Other Specific 9,924,793.67 9,753,165.67 9,500,414.98 Income TOTAL AMOUNT 208,007,703.46 230,532,364.04 482,488,321.10 FOR APPROPRIATION (less SEF and added Trust Funds) *Source: Budgeting Office, Municipality of Taytay
Table 45. The expenditures of the Municipality of Taytay from 2013-2015.
Particulars Past Year 2013 Current Year 2014 Budget Year 2015 Actual (Php) Estimate (Php) Estimate(Php) General Public 115,935,148.03 123,960,003.06 147,963,589.56 Services Social Services 35,916,648.09 42,920,136.40 65,144,016.09 Economic Services 54,221,929.65 63,652,224.58 269,380,715.45 TOTAL 206,073,725.77 230,532,364.04 482,488,321.10 APPROPRIATION Ending Balance 1,933,977.70 - - *Source: Budgeting Office, Municipality of Taytay
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D. ECAN Board of the Municipality of Taytay
Chairman: Hon. Romy L. Salvame Vice Chairman: Hon. Christian V. Rodriguez Members: SB on Community Environment SB Leo S. Romaguera Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Joji E. Laurente Officer Municipal Planning and Development Officer Ramil B. Gaviana NGO Representative (World Wildlife Fund) Ma. Victoria Matillano Liga ng mga Barangay Representative Hon. Norbert V. Lim Indigenous People Representative Virginia Hamora Academe Lillian San Jose DENR-CENRO Felizardo Cayatoc Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Jose Juanillo Staff
The ECAN Board refers to the multi-sectoral, coordinative and advisory body to the local government unit, purposely to assist in the development of plans and programs to implement ECAN at the municipal level. The Chairperson of the ECAN Board shall act as the ECAN Zoning Plan Administrator. He/she may appoint a Deputy Plan Administrator who is qualified for the job and whose nature of work is related to ECAN Zoning. The PCSDS representative to the ECAN Board, the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officer (MENRO), the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator, and the other members of the ECAN Board shall constitute the ECAN Zoning Plan Advisory Body. They shall assist the Plan Administrator and Deputy Plan Administrator in the implementation of the ECAN Zoning Plan. Other government organizations in the municipality include Municipal Bantay Dagat and the Municipal Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council (MFARMC), which is under the Municipal Agricultural Office. Moreover, there are also non-government organizations in the municipality such as Protected Area Management Board (PAMB), Malampaya Foundation, Inc. (MFI), and People‘s Organizations.
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CHAPTER 3: THE ECAN ZONING STRATEGY
The main strategy of the SEP Law is the ECAN zoning. It will serve as a graded system of protection and development control over the Province of Palawan. It is quite parallel to the Biosphere Reserve Zonation of UNESCO which seeks to protect environmentally critical habitats, zoning scheme being typified by concentric circles (See Figure 25).
Figure 25. Configuration of biosphere reserve zones. In general, the core area is strictly protected for conservation purposes. The buffer zone, which is only for non-extractive uses, surrounds the core area. On the other hand, sustainable development activities are being organized with the local communities in the transition area (Batisse 1992). A network of such reserves is usually formulated inside a conservation unit called a corridor, an ecoregion, or a protected landscape and seascape. In 1994, the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD) adopted the Guidelines in Implementing the ECAN (PCSD Resolution No.94-44). Based on the guidelines and utilizing whatever available secondary data from existing maps (topography/elevation, vegetative cover) a preliminary ECAN map was produced and approved by the PCSD. An ECAN zoning map is produced from biophysical and socio- economic criteria that include elevation of the land, its slope, forest cover, watershed properties, presence of habitat of threatened species, land classification, and the existing land uses. Through the PCSD Staff, a series of orientation workshops were conducted at the municipal level to prepare the LGUS, specifically its planning departments, on their role relative to the ECAN. Also, during the workshops Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Monitoring methodologies were also discussed. Multi-sectoral ECAN Boards were organized in each municipality after every orientation workshop. The Board serves as a recommendatory regulating body relative to all environment related issues. This is necessary to ensure proper resource utilization within ECAN protected zones. Each ECAN Board is provided with the preliminary ECAN map, as a basis for their evaluation of any project or activity. On a regular basis, community dialogues and consultations are undertaken on ECAN activities as well as to gather and input secondary information to further develop the zoning guidelines for a specific area. These are translated into working maps, though
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Taytay ECAN Resource Management Plan 2015 preliminary, to be utilized in enforcing the provision of the ECAN guidelines. Finally, however, the zoning shall be subjected to an actual survey/delineation which is marked on the ground. 3.1 THE ECAN ZONES AS A MANAGEMENT UNIT
The use of ECAN zones map, as a basis for locating fitting areas for plans, programs, and projects that will be introduced in Palawan, implies the designation of the ECAN zones as a management unit. It is likely that a locality will be better guided in development planning and decision making if they adopt their ECAN Map and implement their development objectives based on it. The process of ECAN management in Palawan is called ―ecanization,‖ which is defined as ―the process of delineating and marking the boundaries of the different zones in both land and sea, the identification of prescribed activities and resource use for each zone, together with the enforcement of regulatory measures to prevent practices that are destructive of the environment‖ (PCSD Resolution 94-44). With this, the Palawan Province has come up with the following ECAN Map (Figure 26).
Figure 26. Terrestrial ECAN zones map of Palawan Province (Kalayaan Municipality, also in Palawan, is not shown).
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3.2 COMPONENTS OF THE ECAN ZONES
The ECAN zoning strategy has three (3) components: the Terrestrial component, the Coastal/Marine component, and the Tribal ancestral zones (SEP Law, Sections 8-11). The terrestrial component: This component covers the mountains, low hills, and lowland areas of the whole province. It has a core zone, a buffer zone (subdivided into restricted use area, controlled use area, and traditional use area) and a multiple or manipulative use zone. The zoning of this component is guided by the criteria in the SEP Law and in PCSD Resolution 05-250 (The Revised Guidelines in Implementing the ECAN).3 Coastal/Marine component: This component covers the whole coastline up to the open sea. A simplified zoning scheme is used in the management of this component due to its geographical characteristics, critical nature, and patterns of resource use. It is divided into two zones: coastal/marine core zone and multiple use zones. The latter is further subdivided into transition/buffer zone and sustainable/general use zone. The zoning of this component is guided by the criteria in the SEP Law and PCSD Resolution 05-250. Tribal ancestral zone: The last component is a special zone in the land and sea that is allotted for indigenous cultural communities. This special zone will fulfil the material and cultural needs of the indigenous peoples (IPs). It shall be delineated according to the criteria for terrestrial and coastal/marine components. Hence, the tribal ancestral zone may transcend all ECAN zones and will give greater cultural considerations. The identification and delineation of this component is guided by Joint NCIP- PCSD Memorandum Circular No. 2005-01 (―Harmonization of the Implementation of the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA) and the Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan Act‖), as amended.4 3.3 CRITERIA AND PARAMETERS IN THE DELINEATON OF THE ECAN ZONES The following two tables (Tables 46 and 47) are a summary of criteria and parameters used in delineation of terrestrial and coastal/marine ECAN zones. A parameter is a distinct geographic, biological, or physical feature of the area. Examples are elevation, slope, and land cover. A criterion is a specific range of quantitative values or qualitative descriptions of the area. Thus, for the parameter of elevation, the criteria can be ―above 1,000 meters‖, ―below 300 meters‖, etc.
3The texts of these laws can be accessed online. SEP Law: http://pcsd.gov.ph/sep_law/ra7611.htm PCSD Resolution 05-250 (The Revised Guidelines in Implementing the ECAN): http://pcsd.gov.ph/resolutions/resolutions/sep/res05- 250.htm
4Joint NCIP-PCSD Memorandum Circular No. 2005-01 is available from: http://pcsd.gov.ph/resolutions/resolutions/ancestral/ joint%20ncip-pcsd%20memo%20circular%20no.%202005-01.htm PCSD Resolution No. 08-375 (―A Resolution Amending Section V, 4.2 (B) of the Joint NCIP-PCSD Memorandum Circular No. 2005-01‖) is available from: http://pcsd.gov.ph/resolutions/resolutions/ancestral/res08-375.htm
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Table 46. Parameters and criteria in the delineation of terrestrial ECAN zones (from SEP Law and PCSD Resolution 05-250).
ECAN Zone Description Elevation Land Cover Slope Habitat Others Core Zone Area of maximum > 1,000 m Virgin forest or > 50% Critically Other areas which protection primary growth threatened/endangered may be identified and forest (>26.57 degrees) habitats and habitats of rare designated by the endangered species or habitat Council of local endemic species of flora and fauna Buffer zone - Generally surrounds 500 to 1,000 m Poor, stunted and 36-50 % Areas designated as In areas where the Restricted use the Core zone and sparse stands of (19.80-26.57 biodiversity hotspots and criteria of elevation, provides a protective semi-deciduous degrees) highly threatened by human slope, or critical barrier; forest which has a activities based on scientific watershed do not low regeneration studies apply, a 200-meter Critical watersheds capacity belt in the mainland which were and 100-meter belt in identified, classified the islands or declared as such by surrounding the Core the government zone Buffer zone - Encircles and 300 to500 m 19-35% (10.20-19.80 Areas within the Controlled use provides the outer degrees) criteria of the barrier to the Core Restricted use zone zone and Restricted where there is a use zone community Buffer zone- Edges of intact forests Open, brushland or > 18% slope All other areas with Traditional use where traditional land grassland areas that (> 10.20 degrees) elevation below 300 use is already are still classified as AND below 300 meters stabilized is being timberland or public meters elevation stabilized land with elevation below 300 meters Multiple Use Zone Areas where the Built-up or < 18% slope Areas classified as landscape has been settlement areas (< 10.20 degrees) Alienable and modified for different located in lowlands AND below 300 Disposable lands forms of land use (less than 18% slope) meters elevation such as intensive timber extraction, grazing and pastures, agriculture and infrastructures development
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Table 47. Parameters and criteria in delineating coastal/marine ECAN zones.
ECAN zone General description Criteria
Coastal/Marine core This area shall be designated free from any human 1. Coral reefs with good to excellent coral cover condition or 50%-100% coral cover zone activity. This includes sanctuaries for rare and 2. Coralline sites containing at least 50% of coral genera found in the management unit of live coral cover endangered species, selected coral reefs, seagrass ranging from 25-50% and mangrove ecosystem reserves. 3. Seagrass beds serving as link habitat of the coral core zones and/or providing habitat to rare, threatened and endangered species 4. Seagrass beds with at least 50% cover of more than one species of seagrass 5. Seagrass beds with sightings or feeding tracks of Dugong dugon 6. Coastal/marine habitat of endangered species declared by IUCN or CITES, DA or DENR or the PCSD 7. Primary growth mangrove areas and all areas with standing mangrove forest cover except areas allocated for MSA, CBMFMA, ISF and FLA 8. Fish sanctuaries, spawning areas, nursery areas, breeding/feeding grounds, etc., identified/declared by PCSD, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) or under local government zoning ordinance
Coastal/Marine The multiple use zones are other coastal/marine areas outside of the core areas where compatible resource uses may be carried out. The multiple use zone shall multiple use zone further be subdivided into two major sub-zones (described below): the buffer zone and the sustainable (general) use zone.
Coastal/Marine multiple use zone - 1. Uninhabited islands or undeveloped portions thereof not subject to private rights shall be classified as Transition/Buffer zone transition zone except when identified/declared as ancestral coastal/marine waters 2. Uninhabited islands or islets with an area of less than 500 hectares 3. Degraded small islands with an area of less than 500 hectares 4. Released areas for fishpond development which were utilized and abandoned including those not utilized for 5 years from the date of the release 5. Degraded habitats of endangered marine species 6. Denuded mangrove forest 7. Areas identified as contributing to important ecological processes such as spawning, nursery areas, breeding/feeding grounds that otherwise could have been classified as coastal-marine core zone but during the approval of these guidelines, these areas are occupied or have been released by virtue of existing laws or due to inappropriate management of local coastal marine areas. These areas shall be maintained for their existing use or a phase-out strategy shall be implemented in these areas reverting them to their natural state or for their appropriate uses. No further development, growth or expansion shall be allowed in these areas to encourage habitat enhancement or maintenance of the resource to increase production level or ecosystem maintenance
Coastal/Marine multiple use zone - Sustainable/ It is the development area of the coastal/marine zone where different compatible and sustainable development activities may be carried out. The zone shall cover all coastal/marine areas not classified/delineated as core zone, General use zone buffer zone and ancestral coastal/marine waters. The LGU, if it so desires, may further classify/divide this zone into the following sub-zones: Communal Fishing Ground, Tourism Development Area, Visitor Use Area, Sustainable Development Area and etc.
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3.4 ALLOWABLE ACTIVITIES IN THE ECAN ZONES
The allowable uses of ECAN zones (summarized in Table 48) are identified according to the level of impact of activities and the appropriateness and suitability of the activity to the zone. The core zone and restricted use area, or the ―protection zones‖, are limited to non-consumptive and soft-impact activities, with the indigenous peoples given special consideration. The principle behind limiting a specific activity in a zone follows the SEP philosophy of sustainable development that maintains life-support systems, restores exploited areas, and supports developmental growth. Table 48. Activities allowed in the ECAN zones (from PCSD Resolution 05-2505 and PCSD Resolution 06-270).
Component ECAN zone Allowable activities within the management zone
Terrestrial None, expect for: (i) traditional uses of tribal communities for minimal and soft Core Zone impact gathering of forest species for ceremonial and religious purposes, and (ii) soft impact activities defined in PCSD resolutions 06-270 and 04-233. Buffer Zone- Limited and non-consumptive activities which include: Restricted Use -gathering of wild honey; -almaciga tapping; -soft-impact recreational activities (hiking, sight-seeing, bird watching); -research; -sustainable activities of indigenous peoples; -ecosystem restoration or rehabilitation; and -ecotourism activities as per PCSD Resolution 06-270. Buffer Zone- Strictly controlled mining; Controlled Use strictly controlled logging which is not for profit (i.e., communal forest, CBFM, etc.); almaciga tapping; tourism development; research; grazing; gathering of honey, rattan, and other minor forest products. Buffer Zone- Upland stabilization program; Traditional Use Catchment management; Hillside farming; Industrial tree plantation; Reforestation; Integrated social forestry; Community-based forest management. Multiple Use Timber extraction with community-based forest management; Zone Grazing and pastures; Agriculture; Infrastructure and industrial development; Recreation; Education; Research; And other sustainable activities.
5Title I--Chapter II and Title II--Chapter II, of PCSD Resolution 05-250.
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Component ECAN zone Allowable activities within the management zone
Coastal/Marine Coastal/Marine None, except for: core zone -navigation purposes of the local fishing communities where there are no alternative routes; -emergency situations such as navigational routes to save life and property; -researches previously authorized by PCSD; and -ecotourism activities as per PCSD Resolution 06-270.
Coastal/Marine Habitat restoration, rehabilitation and enhancement activities; multiple use zone – -soft-impact activities (swimming/snorkeling; non-motored boating Transition/Buffer (row boats, kayaks, canoes, wind surfing, etc.); zone -guided scuba diving; -fishing using highly-selected gears (i.e., hook & line and gill net) with specification to be determined by studies; -pre-approved visit or educational activities; -installation of environmental information boards); and -resource enhancement activities.
Coastal/Marine All sustainable human activities, with certain development multiple use endeavors subject to the EIA system and to other policies zone – regulating development projects. Sustainable/
General use zone
Tribal Tribal ancestral Activities based on the material and cultural needs of the ancestral lands zone indigenous peoples.
The PCSD Resolution 06-270 further expands the allowable activities in the core zone and restricted use buffer zone by including ecotourism projects. The rationale behind this are enumerated in the resolution, to wit: (i) ecotourism can be a tool for environmentally managing ecologically sensitive areas; (ii) ecotourism is believed to be compatible with environmental protection considering that its activities are generally non-consumptive and therefore do not pose environmental hazard; (iii) ecotourism is a growing industry in Palawan which can generate alternative sources of livelihood; and (iv) in order to promote and develop ecotourism industry in the province, ecotourism activities may be permitted in ecologically sensitive areas subject to strict monitoring and regulation. It should be noted that certain ―sustainable development‖ activities to be allowed in the buffer zone and multiple use zone may be subjected to the EIA System and to other laws and rules which regulate development projects. As part of the EIA System and the SEP Clearance System, necessary environmental precautions (such as periodic multipartite monitoring) are imposed on these activities.
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3.5 DELINEATION OF THE ECAN ZONES USING GIS The mapping of ECAN zones in Palawan has been the responsibility of the GIS Unit of the ECAN Monitoring and Evaluation Division (EMED) of PCSDS. Aside from the GIS staff, technical project consultants have been hired to make mapping studies, to develop methods for ECAN zoning implementation, and to train the PCSD Staff (Ofren 1999; Cabrido 2003; Vinluan 2004). The latest mapping guidelines on ECAN zoning were instituted in 2005 through PCSD Resolution 05-250. Several version of the ECAN map were produced through the years, each version using updated and ground-validated ECAN parameters. GIS and remote sensing technologies were now routinely used in the mapping of ECAN zones. Various spatial and non-spatial datasets are needed to perform the task (see Table 49). Spatial datasets include thematic layers derived from thematic mapping and used as input layers in producing ECAN maps. Thematic mapping is the process of preparing the required map layers for ECAN overlay analysis and presenting them using a standard mapping system. The most dynamic of these layers is the land cover - land use (LC-LU). Mapping land and coastal habitat types had direct contribution to the configuration of ECAN zones. They formed the major resource base of PCSDS geographic information. Table 49. Spatial and non-spatial data sources related to ECAN mapping. Data Source Type Description Data acquired, produced, or written ECAN zones Spatial In various editions (preliminary, 1993, 1998-2001, 2004, revised, updated, refined) 2005-06 Satellite images Spatial Landsat TM, Landsat ETM+, Spot c. 1998, 2002-2006 5, and IKONOS color images Land and coastal cover Spatial Based on commercial satellite c. 1998, 2003-2006 images; produced by JAFTA, PTFPP and SEMP-NP Relevant thematic layers Spatial Elevation, slope, habitat of 1950 onwards and thematic maps endangered species, land classification, land use Literature Non-spatial Reports, books and articles by staff 1983-2006 and consultants of PIADP, SPIADP, PCSDS, PTFPP, and SEMP-NP
The spatial data are geo-referenced information in the map projection UTM Zone 50, Luzon Datum, Clarke Spheroid 1866. They are available in hardcopy and in digital format in the PCSDS database.
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CHAPTER 4: MAJOR STEPS IN THE ECAN ZONING PLAN PREPARATION
4.1 THE ECAN ZONES MANAGEMENT PLANNING PROCESS
The formulation of the ECAN Plan necessitates an expert appraisal of all the available information. It includes participatory planning (consultations with all concerned stakeholders), GIS analyses (thematic mapping), and the selection of relevant sustainable development indicators (ecological footprints, land cover/land use, land use suitability assessments etc.). The details on the planning process are given in the document ―General Strategy for Horizontal Integration of SEP ECAN Zoning Plan with CLUP‖ prepared by the PCSD Staff. The document contains a suite of methods for executing each step in the ECAN Zoning Plan preparation, including the integration of EZP with local land use plans. The adaptive approach (i.e. adjusting methods and procedures based on lessons learned and what worked well) is followed in the planning process. The ECAN Zoning Plan is designed to be flexible and practical in its proposed guidelines and programs on identified ECAN zones use and strategies. It is envisioned to be a repertoire of comprehensive strategies that will be responsive to the current situation of the municipality. Planning for ECAN zoning is divided into three major parts: (i) ECAN Zoning Plan development through primary and secondary data collection, preparation and processing; (ii) municipal integrated threats analysis and strategic planning, and (iii) ECAN Zoning Plan writing. These successive steps (details are provided in the next section) are the central activities in the ECAN planning process framework. Primary data include field data acquired through a variety of sources, such as key informant interviews (KII), ecosystem baseline and monitoring surveys, field studies, and GIS overlay analyses. Secondary data include previously published or unpublished researches about the area, thematic maps, and public reports. During the stage of ECAN Zoning Plan Development, the following thematic data, maps, and plans (Table 50), at the minimum, can be consulted in formulating the ECAN zones management strategies and land use options. Table 50. Data requirements for ECAN zones management planning.
Thematic maps Description Source of data ECAN zones graded system of protection PCSDS and LGU-Taytay and development control Soils land use suitability and DA-Bureau of Soils and capability; land Water Management management unit Geohazards vulnerability and exposure DENR-MGB, NAMRIA, of land to physical PCSDS processes Ecological footprint Ecosystem goods PCSDS production; carrying capacity SAFDZ (optional) Sustainable Agriculture and DA, MAO Fisheries Development Zones Socioeconomic information Socioeconomic data from MPDO Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) Latest CLUP Comprehensive Land and MPDO
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Thematic maps Description Source of data Water Use Plan Latest FLUP Forest Land Use Plan LGU-Taytay
4.2 A GUIDE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DETAILED ECAN ZONING PLAN
The following are the recommended steps in developing a detailed local/municipal EZP. It is partly based on ―Appendix 4: Development of a Detailed Management Plan‖ of the Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan towards Sustainable Development (1987). The performance of the steps may require a combination of ad hoc, Delphi process (round table discussions), GIS analysis, and the use of decision-support systems. A major step of EZP is the conduct of an integrated threats analysis which will be the basis for the drafting of beneficial, timely, responsive, and adaptable courses of action to be implemented in the municipality. 1. Build a sustainable development planning database (ECAN Data Infrastructure Development). The objective of this undertaking is to produce a database of sustainable development indicators of the area. With the ECAN map as a provincial/municipal road map, the said database will be used to come up with local sustainable development plans through the synthesis of all the available information (ecological, physical and socio- economic infrastructures and other attributes). This activity will ensure continuous flow of up-to-date quality information in ECAN management planning. The following is a checklist of primary and secondary data needs to be collected in hardcopy or softcopy if available. a. Geographic Location and Area Municipal and barangay areas
b. Physical Environment
Topography Geology Soils Climate Geological hazards Land resources Land and sea cover
c. Biological Environment
Forest resources (Flora report) Wildlife resources and biodiversity (Fauna report) Coastal and Marine resources (coral reefs, reef fish, marine mammals and sea turtles, seagrass, invertebrates, mangroves)
d. Socioeconomic Profile
Population – population and demographic characteristics Social condition – dependency ratios, health and nutrition, educational status (literacy rate), housing and basic utilities Economic condition – poverty incidence and employment Protective services
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e. Local Economy
Labor force and Employment Economic Profile and Livelihood Sources Income and Expenditures Tourism (existing, emerging and potential tourism sites)
f. Infrastructure, Public Facilities and Utilities
Road network Road transportation Air transportation Sea transportation Irrigation Water Supply Electric Power Supply Communication Facilities Facilities Drainage and Flood Control System Sewage Disposal Solid Waste Disposal System
g. Local Institutional Capability
Local Government Structure
2. Determine the exact boundaries of ECAN zones and administrative boundaries. With the assistance of the GIS unit, the planning team and the PCSDS District Management Office (DMO) will determine the extent of ECAN zones of three components (terrestrial, coastal/marine, and TAZ). 3. Identify “Special Management Areas” (SMAs). Prior to actual planning, the site managers/planners should identify first the ―special management areas‖ in the area of operation. These areas are still subject to ECAN zonation but their management may entail ―special treatment‖ owing to specific management plans and management authorities intended for the areas. These special areas may include the following: a. Habitats of rare and endangered species Selected areas in Palawan were already designated as habitats of endangered species by virtue of local resolutions. Other areas may already be identified by research studies. b. Legitimate areas for tribal ancestral zones Selected areas in Palawan were declared as ancestral zones for indigenous peoples by virtue of any of the following instruments. - Tribal Ancestral Zone (TAZ) through PCSD Administrative Orders (see Figure 27 below) - Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) and Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claim (CADC)
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- Certificate of Ancestral land Title (CALT) and Certificate of Ancestral Land Claim (CALC)
Figure 27. Palawan Tribal Ancestral Zones (TAZ) proclaimed by PCSD.
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c. Areas of cultural, historical, geological and anthropological interest Areas of historical and anthropological significance include the Tabon Cave Reservation in Lipuun Point, Quezon; the Tau‘t Bato Reservation in Singnapan Valley, Barangay Ransang, Rizal; the Ile Caves in El Nido; the walled fortresses in Balabac, Cuyo, Linapacan, Taytay, Agutaya, etc.; and other similar sites. d. Tourism development areas e. NIPAS areas These refer to protected areas declared under the National Integrated Protected Area System. The following table (Table 51) is a list of large-scale protected areas in Palawan. Table 51. NIPAS areas of Palawan Province.
Protected Area Municipality Location
Calauit Game Preserve and Busuanga Calauit Island Wildlife Sanctuary (CGPWS)/ Coron Island Protected Coron Coron Island Landscape El Nido-Taytay Managed El Nido-Taytay Portions of El Nido and Resource Protected Area Taytay Municipalities Malampaya Sound Taytay Taytay Protected Landscape and Seascape Tubbataha Reefs Natural Cagayancillo Sulu Sea Park Puerto Princesa Puerto Princesa City Northwestern Puerto Subterranean River Princesa City National Park (PPSRNP) Palawan Flora, Fauna and Puerto Princesa City Barangay Irawan Watershed Reserve (PFFWR)/ Irawan Watershed Reserve Rasa Island Wildlife Narra Rasa Island Reserve Mount Mantalingahan Quezon, Rizal, Española, Mantalingahan Mountain Protected Landscape Brooke‘s Point, Bataraza Range (MMPL) Ursula Island Bird Bataraza Ursula Island, Sulu Sea Sanctuary
f. Other management units Terrestrial Zone a. Watershed reserves of forest reserves b. Municipal parks (terrestrial) c. Community Based Forestry Management Area (CBFMA) d. Communal Forest areas
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e. ISF and other forest-related tenurial instruments
Coastal/ Marine zone a. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), marine parks, fish sanctuaries, or marine ecosystem reserves – may cover different benthic habitats, such as coral reefs, seagrass and mangroves b. Communal fishing grounds c. Municipal waters – covering the 15 kilometer limit from the shoreline d. Community Based Mangrove Forest Management Area (CBMFMA) e. Sanctuaries of rare and endangered species – e.g. turtle nesting sites
Planning for these Special Management Areas cannot be monopolized by one agency or one group of stakeholders. A consultative and participative planning process is advised for SMAs in order for the plan to gain total acceptance by the affected communities and management authorities.
4. Develop thematic and integrated planning modules and indicators. Method: GIS mapping overlays, spatial and non-spatial modelling Input: GIS layers and files, baseline data on environment and socio-economics Output: thematic maps and indicators An integrated development planning analysis necessitates a consolidation of essential planning elements. Hence, there is a need to look at the actual condition of the area prior to laying out the land use plans and designating activities. To do this, the planners need to produce several thematic and cross-cutting determinants of physical geography, ecology and socio-economics. The logical next step after defining the planning area is a systematic collation of scientific information about a site, area or community needs to be undertaken. A framework for a possible combinatory analysis of all collected information – the multi- criteria evaluation – is described in Step 6 below. This step then is mainly the multi-processing/analyses part of ECAN Plan development to come up with ―integrated thematic planning modules‖. It primary includes studies on land use suitability, capability, and sustainability mapping using GIS overlay analyses. It will also develop land use profiles and biophysical/baseline/thematic maps in order to ascertain the economic development potentials of the land. The intensity of data collection and data processing will depend on the situation of a municipality or site. Some areas already have ―advanced‖ materials and data and will only require the validation of the integrity of the information. Table 52 below shows the broad classification of thematic planning modules and indicators and the respective examples for each. Each thematic planning module has its own data processing design and data needs focus, but collectively their interconnection is expected to reveal broad patterns of resource use and consumption.
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Table 52. Thematic planning modules for use in ECAN planning
Sustainable Development Planning Sample Description Source or Determinant/Indicator Reference
1. Biophysical Precipitation Map Map showing the PCSDS, PAGASA determinants amount of rainfall in mm I selected areas in Palawan Geological Map showing that the DENR-MGB Prospectivity of total area that is Palawan Island considered prospective for metallic mineral resources ECAN Resource Map showing the Survey; community Map distribution of natural mapping resources in Palawan Land Management Broad classification BSWM Unit (LMU) of soils, slope and landforms, and land capability 2. Socio-cultural Population Density Map showing the NSO determinants Map and Population population density Growth Rate Map and growth rate per municipality of Palawan ECAN Threats Map; Map showing natural various Climate Change and anthropogenic Hotspots threats to the integrity of ecosystems 3. Economic ECAN Livelihoods Map showing the Survey; community determinants Map population‘s existing mapping; secondary and potential sources literature of income Infrastructure Map of Map showing the Survey; community Palawan location of roads, mapping; secondary ports, airports, literature schools, markets, hospitals, and the like 4. Governance and CBFM Areas Map showing the survey institutional determinants areas allotted for community forest management Ancestral domains Maps showing the IPRA law habitation and domain of indigenous peoples ECAN zones map A graded system of SEP Law sustainable development over Palawan Ecological footprint The area (global Wackemagel and hectares) of Rees 1996 productive ecosystems outside a city that is required to support life in the city (Odum and Barrett 2005)
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The biophysical determinants are the site‘s biological and physical resource maps. Socio-cultural determinants pertain to socio-economic and demographic information of the municipality or site. Economic determinants pertain to existing and potential sustainable economic industries. The governance and institutional determinants refers to the political and institutional situation of the municipality or site. The integrated determinants are the interfacing or overlap of any of the above determinants. They are usually produced from a combinatory processing or overlays of the above. Land management units and ecological footprint are two examples of integrated land use determinants. The next table (Table 53) is a list of thematic planning modules in terms of major development sectors. The GIS, data sources, and spatial objectives are also indicated. Table 53. A sector-based list of spatial data needs for sustainable development planning (adapted from Loterte-Avillanosa, unpublished).
A B C D E F G Development Minimum Spatial Data Thematic Data Sources General Spatial Issue Sector Needs and Layers Objectives Addressed Security Demands Agriculture Essential food, Crops Agricultural NGA, LMU, Suitability to Food security and Fisheries arable land suitability area soil fertility agricultural map production Water Clean water Hydrology River Network, Hydrology, Access to water Sustainable (surface, Coastlines LMU, supply water supply groundwater, topography rain) Sanitation Drainage, Topography Elevation, Topography, Least risk terrain Health issues wastes disposal Slope LMU and variations Energy Fuel, power Vegetation Vegetation Satellite Image Suitability/Proximity Energy supply, power (land cover), to wood for fuel sufficiency grid PALECO Infrastructure Shelter/ Settlement, Built-up Area, Land Proximity to Provision of housing, roads, development Road Network, cover/land use, Markets or rural basic services schools, health projects Development infrastructure center centers, Projects survey technology Environment Clean air, Climate, Rainfall, Soils, PCSDS, Suitability/ Ecological and Natural healthy Geology, Geohazard, DENR-MGB, Proximity to natural viability/ Resources ecosystems, Geohazard, Protected LMU benefits; flow of environmental stable uplands Forest cover Areas, Land ecological goods and integrity use/cover services Health Clothing, Service Health stations Infrastructure Proximity to markets Mortality and remedies, relief distribution survey or rural center morbidity goods Education and School Service School Infrastructure Availability of Social Social Welfare supplies, Distribution facilities survey incentive raw articulation books, skills, materials trainings, values formation Income and Crop Vegetation Vegetation, Land cover, Define domain Employment livelihoods cultivation, Road Network LMU, boundaries and handicrafts, vegetation, secure land titles subsistence interview Cultural Folklores, Heritage sites Ancestral CADC/T, Proximity to the Culture, heritage and customs, Domains, ECAN fiscal and aesthetics and tourism patrimony, folk cultural zoning government centers income source arts Fiscal Financial Administrative Basic layers Basic Proximity to socio- Eco- assistance, geographical political and legal governance; credits, layers services responsive- revenue shares ness
Legal Recognition of Political Basic layers Basic Proximity to socio- Justice tenurial rights, boundaries geographical political and security of /taxation layers government services
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A B C D E F G Development Minimum Spatial Data Thematic Data Sources General Spatial Issue Sector Needs and Layers Objectives Addressed Security Demands tenure, territorial provisions Community Participation: Demography Population NSO, Palawan Social organization consensus Census CBMS, CBFM mobilization; building, empower-ment mobility, cohesion, resource stewardship, women empowerment 5. Take stock of local environmental governance initiatives. This step takes into account the considerations in the preparation of the ECAN Zoning Plan, as enumerated in Section 25 of PCSD Resolution 05-250. The data can be collected from local planners through a questionnaire. 6. Develop an ECAN-based land use spatial optimization algorithm using Multi- Criteria Analysis. (Optional) Algorithm: ECAN Planning for Land Use Sustainability (ECAN-PLUS) Method: Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Input: Thematic and integrated planning modules Output: Best land use options for each ECAN zone This is an optional step as this may be too complicated and technical depending on availability of resources. The main objective of the ECAN-based MCA method is to develop a spatial multi-objective decision support system16 for land and water use management in Palawan. Given that decision makers currently face conflicting interests arising from existing and potential activities in each ECAN zone, the MCA will allow for an objective assessment of various land use options or activities and the determination of the most suitable option or activity for each zone. 7. Perform integrated threats analysis An integrated threats analysis is a comprehensive investigation and analysis of various existing and projected problems confronting a locality. It is thus one way of analyzing the complex problems and issues within the area. It is also one priority-setting mechanism that can aid planners and decision makers in: (1) identifying the type of project intervention to be introduced and (2) allocating resources to invest in a priority area. Chapter 5 provides the theoretical framework, methods, and the results of municipal threats analysis.
8. Formulate ECAN zones and resources plan. Method: Planners‘ planning workshop Inputs: Results of municipal integrated threats analysis; latest CLUP and FLUP Outputs: ECAN Management Plan with zonal and suprazonal (cross-cutting) actions
6 J. Looijen, N. Pelesikoti, and M. Staljanssens. 1995. ICOMIS: a spatial multi-objective decision support system for coastal resource management. ITC Journal 1995-3.
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This final stage of planning is concerned with determining the sustainable development actions in the ECAN zones and resources therein. The planning framework will be guided by the tripartite features of SEP (ecological viability, social acceptability, and integrated approach) and the ECAN guidelines, as well as the strategies/actions in the CLUP and the findings of the integrated threats analysis. The workshop facilitator has to reiterate that the core philosophy or principle of the planning activity is ―sustainable development‖ and the primary strategy is ECAN Zoning. Note that some steps are optional due to the additional level of analysis that may be required to satisfy them. 8.1 Agree on a set of sustainable development core themes (or systems of interest) and prepare log frame for each. The core themes can be ecosystems, resources, or sectors present in the municipality. It can also be the ongoing threat (problems and issues) identified in the integrated threats analysis. As an alternative, the planners may decide to focus on the ECAN zones as the systems of interest and disaggregate the resources found in each zone. The following is a sample log frame for the forestry sector, from the Philippine Council for Sustainable Development (Phil-CSD)7. Table 54 below shows a sample log frame for the forestry sector. Table 54. Sample log frame for the forestry sector (Phil-CSD 2013).
Goal or Desired State Rehabilitated forestlands and watersheds under sustainable management Poverty alleviation Purpose Forestlands under secure tenure; Improved policy environment and enforcement-implementation capacity; PPPP Output or Results Watershed management approach implemented on the ground; Attainment of forestry-watershed plan objectives; Expansion of community-based tenure; Establishment of payments for environmental services; Marketing of community-based agro-forestry products Implemented Policies, Capacity building and organization of community based Plans, Projects or Programs management; (PPPP) A joint LGU-DENR MOA on community management; Provision of a community-based management (tenure) agreement to identified communities; Implementation of a forestry-watershed plan.
Preliminary Activities Establishment of MIS; Identify sources of funding; Valuation of forest use and non-use benefits; Delineation of forest boundary and production and protection forests and watershed management area; Formulation of a forestry-watershed plan
The themes can be further classified into three clusters (Table 55): Environment, Socioeconomic, and Governance. The following is a sample set of core themes for Palawan at the provincial level. Table 55. Sample core themes for sustainable development planning.
Cluster Core theme/ecosystem/resource/sector Fisheries (including CRM, pearl farms, LRFF) Forest Environment (including Catchment Management and Development) Mining and Mineral Resources Development
7 Assessment of the Philippine Agenda 21, the Prospects for a Green Economy, and the Institutional Framework for Sustainable Development (Phil-CSD 2013).
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Environment Water Resources Agriculture, Land, and Soil (Lowland Resources Development) Wildlife and Biodiversity Cave and Cave Resources Boundary Delineation of Core Zones on the Ground Ecosystem Rehabilitation Ecotourism Development and Visitor Management Power and Sustainable Energy (including offshore/oil and gas, renewable energy) Urbanization (Sustainable City and Urban Centers) Sustainable Industries (including ICT, green jobs creation) Socioeconomic Ancestral Domains Basic Services Delivery (Food, Health, Education, Housing, Work/Employment) Infrastructure (Water, Transport, Communication) Solid Waste Management Population and Migration Sustainable Livelihood Development Climate Change Adaptation Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Institutional Arrangements for SD and GE Partnerships/Linkages/Participation (how to maximize) Governance Law Enforcement Sustainable Financing Institutionalization of ECAN Zoning and Management Guidelines Policy Reforms Mechanisms: (cross-cutting across all four clusters)
Environmental Education / IEC / Institutional Capacity Building
Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation
R & D
8.2 Identify applicable (i) SEP criterion (optional) and corresponding (ii) objectives and (iii) strategies for each core theme. This step makes sure that the actions for each core theme are compliant to the SEP as the overarching planning framework. The minimum sustainability criteria for projects in Palawan, as defined in the SEP Law, are ecological viability, social acceptability, and integrated approach. Additional criteria can be introduced to enhance the SEP criteria and make it compliant to a desirable goal (e.g., fulfilment of the requirements for a smooth transition toward a green economy). Presented in Table 56 is a list of criteria and corresponding indicators that can be used in the ECAN planning process. The first three are required while the next three are recommended for inclusion. Table 56. Possible sustainability criteria for projects in Palawan.
Criteria (how to make sure the core theme actions are compliant to principles of SEP and Green Economy) 1. Ecological viability (intact physical and biological cycles, enhanced/restored natural capital and environmental stock and quality; sustainable resource stock) 2. Social acceptability (participatory; commitment, equity in
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access/distribution/benefits) 3. Integrated approach (holism; coordination and sharing; political will) 4. Rights-based development (poverty alleviation; protection‘ fulfilment, and respect for socioeconomic and cultural rights) 5. Geo-environmental risk-adaptive (reduced carbon emissions; enhanced carbon stock; decreased vulnerability to climate change impacts and natural disaster risks; efficiency in production and resource use) 6. Good governance (increased knowledge and capacity for environmental stewardship; transparency and accountability) 7. Resource use efficiency (sustainable level of production of consumption; waste recycling)
8.3 Identify (i) courses of action, (ii) coverage (municipality, barangay, sitio or any applicable management unit), and (iii) indicators for each criterion/objective/strategy. The courses of action per criteria are policy covers, plans, programs and projects (PPPP). They may be existing actions, partially implemented, or proposed. Indicators, on the other hand, are objectively verifiable and measurable. Table 57 below is a sample of the arsenal of PPP for the establishment of a green economy in the sector of forest and biodiversity. The selected principles are given as the heading of columns 2 to 4.
Table 57. Possible courses of action in the forest and biodiversity sector (Phil-CSD 2013).
Resource/Sector or Stock Restoration, Equity and Production Ecosystem Sustainability Poverty Efficiency Alleviation Forest Environment, Delineation of Full recognition Valuation of forest Biodiversity forest protection and provision of land use based on (no-go) areas ancestral domain alternative economic (headwater, rich rights (PI products and biodiversity, others) ecosystem/watershed (PI); Institution of services; (PI) community-based Institution of or common Institution of forest sustainable yield property resource and damage harvesting (Annual management charges; (PI) Allowable Cut); system; (Ex, PI) (Ex) Collection of fees for Establishment of environmental Implement National community- services; (PI) Biodiversity managed Strategic Action ecosystem; (PI) Promotion of Plan (Ex); the ecotourism; (Ex, PI) National Action Setting of Plan for the environment and Payments for carbon Sustainable Use resource use and sequestration and Protection of damage charges to (application of Peat lands (PI) revert back to the REDD+); (PI) sector, the local Implement the forest area, and Institute sustainable National Wetlands community (not to wildlife resource Action Plan (Pr) the General Fund) schemes for the wild
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Wildlife collection for environmental life industry (Ex) quota (Ex) maintenance and livelihood; (PI) Imposition of damage charge; Forest and Percentage of biodiversity excess profit (rent) protection and for forest conservation maintenance and supported by the rehabilitation; (PI) international community and Setting of multilateral moratorium on agencies. (PI) resource use to rehabilitate and restore degraded ecosystem, and recover threatened species; (PI) 8.4 Identify applicable ECAN zone for each course of action. This is applicable for zonal actions only, which are actions that fall on one or several specific ECAN zones in the terrestrial, coastal/marine, or tribal ancestral component. The assignment of ECAN zones will be based on allowable and prohibited uses per ECAN zone as specified in the ECAN policies and guidelines. 8.5 Identify the (i) implementation schedule, (ii) budgetary requirement, and (iii) agencies responsible / funding source for each course of action. The results of the municipal integrated threats analysis can be interfaced or integrated with this step. The peculiarities of intervention per coverage/site may be discussed further in the plan. The following (Table 58) is a matrix summarizing the steps taken to come up with a detailed local ECAN zones management plan. Budgetary requirement, schedule of implementation, funding source, and agencies responsible per course of action may be added as columns of this matrix. Table 58. Possible courses of action in the municipality
Sector Action Result ECAN Geographic Time- Lead and Budget Funding (Socio- Zone Coverage table Support (Php)* Source Institutional, Organization Economic, Environment) Core theme/Problems and issues/ Ecosystem/ Resource Action 1 Action 2 Action 3 Core theme/ Problems and issues/ Ecosystem/ Resource Action 1 Action 2 Action 3 *These fields are optional and require further time to conduct participatory workshop
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CHAPTER 5: INTEGRATED THREATS ANALYSIS8
An integrated threats analysis is a comprehensive investigation and analysis of various existing and projected problems confronting a locality. It is thus one way of analyzing the complex problems and issues within the area. It is also a priority-setting mechanism that can aid planners and decision makers in: (1) identifying the type of project intervention to be introduced and (2) allocating resources to invest in a priority area. This is because threats analysis may reveal subtle patterns and causations of issues and problems. The results of the analysis can also influence the course of project actions and can directly offer optimal solutions to the identified problems. 5.1 OBJECTIVES OF THREATS ANALYSIS
The general objective for the threats analysis is to recommend new potential high impact and cost effective programs and projects for the local area of interest. The programs and projects are expected to contribute to sustainable development of the target localities, at both the barangay and the municipal levels. We recommend these programs for the concerned stakeholders to pursue in the municipality in the next five years. The specific objectives of the analysis are to:
Identify the threats/problems in the target locality Analyze threats relationships (problems/opportunities) Prepare a generic list of projects to address the threats/problems Serve as basis of ECAN guidelines, programs, projects in this plan
5.2 FRAMEWORK OF INTEGRATED THREATS ANALYSIS
In the context of biodiversity, a ‗threat‘ is defined as a cause of species decline (IUCN-SSC, 2006)9. ‗Threat‘ per se is usually defines as a status, condition, or level of threat or conservation. An operational definition of ‗threat‘ can be the historical, potential, or existing danger, stress or pressure to a target in the environment (Ona et al. 2007)10. The target of the threat is any one of a species (organism), an area (habitat or ecosystem), or a macro- level area (MPA, corridor, or ecoregion). In this study, the target is the entire municipality. The propagation of threat gives injury or harm to the target coastal community or to its aspiration toward sustainable development. The following definitions are relevant to this study. Although the terms pertain to ‗biodiversity‘ as the general target of threat (Salafsky et al. 2008)11, they can be generalized to the ‗sustainable development‘ of the locality:
8 This chapter is adapted from the PSU-CSPGI (2013) draft report Rapid Rural Assessment of the Coastal Barangays with Fishers‘ Communities in the Municipalities of Taytay, El Nido, Linapacan, Coron and Culion, in Palawan: Municipality of Linapacan.
9 IUCN-SSC (International Union for Conservation of Nature – Specoes Survival Commission). 2006. Major threats (version 2.1) Threats authority file. [Online]. Available: http://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/AuthorityF/threats.rtf (accessed 18 October 2012).
10 Ona, R.E.A., R..T. Fuentes, P. A. Regoniel, O.T. Alfonso, J.F.A. Pontillas, M.D. Pido, A.V. Regalo, and T.L. Salva. 2007. An Analysis of Threats to Biodiversity in the Balabac Strait Corridor. Palawan State University – Center for Strategic Policy and Governance, Inc.
11 Salafsky, N., D. Salzer, A.J. Stattersfield, C. Hilton-Taylor, R. Neugarten, S.H.M. Butchart, B. Collen, N. Cox, L.L. Master, S. O‘Connor, and D. Wilkie. 2008. A standard lexicon for biodiversity conservation: unified classifications of threats and actions. Conservation Biology, 22: 897-911. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00937.x Available from - http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/Salafsky_et_al._2008_Unified _Classifications_of_Threats_and_Actions.pdf (accessed June 2013).
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Direct threats: The proximate human activities or processes and natural events that have caused, are causing, or may cause unsustainable development and/or the destruction, degradation, or impairment of biodiversity. Contributing factors: The ultimate factors (social, economic, political, institutional, or cultural) that enable or otherwise add to the occurrence or persistence of proximate direct threats. In a situation analysis, contributing factors or underlying causes are subdivided into indirect threats (factors with a negative effect) and opportunities (factors with a positive effect). Sustainable development actions: Interventions undertaken by project staff or partners designed to reach the project‘s objectives and sustainable development goals.
The general framework used to ascertain the threats to local sustainable development is the ‗causal chain‘ or cause-and-effect analysis. The normative causation of threat usually propagates from the domain of the environment to social, economic, and political arenas. Careful planning and intervention for project success can be integrated into the causal chain by directly specifying activities/actions and monitoring their outcomes. A general model of a project intervention chain must recognize that the action to solve or address threats can be applied not only to the direct threats but also to underlying causes and to the targets themselves (Salafsky et al. (2008). The following framework (Figure 28) is used for the integrated threats (plus solutions) analysis. This is a modification of the model of conservation action by Salafsky et al. (2008), wherein ‗conservation actions‘ are generalized as ‗sustainable development actions‘ to highlight not only the role of conservation but also economic development in providing concrete solutions to addressing problems and threats. Moreover, the biodiversity target is generalized to the entire ECAN of the target locality and all resources therein.
Figure 28. A proposed general model of a sustainable development project (Salafsky et al. 2008, modified). The determination of solutions, strategies, or new projects to break the hierarchical chain of threats requires a situational analysis of threats. Situational analysis is another term for integrated threats analysis. The algorithm for the integrated threats analysis is adapted from Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation, Version 2.0 (CMP 2007)12. The framework entails the following assumptions: 1. Threats are the same as the problems of and (negative) issues in the community. 2. The needs and priorities of the community are the combination of threats and opportunities existing in that community. 3. Identifying threats/problems/issues in a community and evaluating them side by side with needs/priorities and opportunities will lead to the identification of new projects to solve or address the threats/problems/issues.
12 CMP (Conservation Measures Partnerships). 2007. Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation, Version 2.0.Available from http://www.conservationmeasures.org/wp- content/uploads/2010/04/CMP_Open_Standards_Version_2.0.pdf (accessed June 2013).
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4. The desired new projects are sustainable social development (SD) actions and solutions. To be sustainable, these recommended projects are expected to be (1) high impact and (2) cost-effective, and as per the Strategic Environmental Plan for Palawan Act (SEP Law): (3) ecologically viable, (4) socially acceptable, and (5) holistic in approach.
5.3 METHODS
Table 59 below summarizes the major steps involved in the conduct of integrated threats analysis.
Table 59. Major steps of threats and solutions analysis.
Step Action Instrument Outputs 1 Develop a threats analysis Literature review See above model 2 Locate and identify critical Field observation and Photographs, Field needs and threats/problems Literature Review Notes through reconnaissance 3 Identify critical needs and Key Informant Problem Trees threats/problems, Interviews (KII), opportunities, and possible Household Interviews solutions to these (HHI), and Focus threats/problems Group Discussion (FGD) questionnaire specific to threats analysis 4 Analyze threats relationships HHI, KII, and Processed Problem FGD/workshop Trees 5 Prepare generic list of HHI, KII, and FGD Solutions Matrix projects 6 Social validation of results Validation of findings Revised Report
For Steps 2 to 5, the local key stakeholders can be engaged through interviews and workshops designed to identify and characterize local threats and their interrelationships. The field instruments (KII threats questionnaire) are reproduced in Annex C. To ensure the active participation of multiple stakeholders in the planning workshop, the planning team has to identify local informants from various stakeholder groups to be engaged in the KIIs and FGD. The target informants for KII are the key ECAN planners and stakeholders based on the nine stakeholder groups identified in Agenda 21 (Chapter 23 to 32, modified)25. The sectoral representations of these target informants are enumerated in Table 60 below.
Table 60. Nine stakeholder groups consulted in the key informant interview and workshop for integrated threats analysis (adapted and modified from Chapters 23 to 32 of Agenda 21).
1. Women 2. Children and Youth 3. Indigenous Peoples and Indigenous Cultural Communities (IPs/ICCs) 4. Workers, Trade Unions, and People‘s Organizations (POs) 5. Farmers, Small Forest Landowners, and Fisherfolks 6. Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) 7. Local Authorities local government units and national government agencies) –
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head/representative from Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO), Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office (MENRO), Office of Municipal Agriculturist (OMA), and Municipal Tourism Office 8. Business and Industry 9. Scientific and Technological Communities and the Academe
5.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Threats existing in the Municipality of Taytay were identified and verified through Key Informant Interviews. Interviewees consist of key stakeholders that represent the municipality. The prioritized threats identified in the action planning workshop are the following: 1. Inadequate access to health care and services As described in the Ecological Profile, there is an observed lack in health personnel and facilities in Taytay. The ratio of midwives to the population is 1:5000 while the ratio of Community Health Workers to the population is 1:58. There are 2 public hospitals: the Northern Palawan Provincial Hospital and the Municipal Health Office. There are established health offices and/or nutrition posts for each barangay, but the lack of personnel hinders these establishments from operating effectively. 2. Unemployment/ Lack of alternative source of livelihood/Underdeveloped tourism Only about 26.72% of the labor force are employed (NSO, 2010). To offset the high rate of unemployment, the local government unit, specifically the Municipal Social Welfare Development Office, is conducting livelihood projects for the local people. Unemployment in the municipality has underlying issues such as lack of part- time employment opportunities for college students and untapped non-resource based industries. If this issue will remain unsolved, the local people might resort to destructive or illegal practices such as encroachment of natural resources from protected areas and the community will become more dependent on the government. The municipality has a high potential as tourist destination given its remarkable natural features such as limestone, coral reefs, falls, islands and different plant and animal species. However, the problem is the lack of marketing strategy for Taytay as a tourist destination. Tourism in the municipality is also being hindered by the low capability of the municipality to accommodate high number of tourists due to lack of pension houses and other visitor facilities. If the potential tourism sites will not be utilized, the possible economic benefits coming from the additional employment for the locals will be not realized. 3. Lack of community involvement in resource management planning, decision making, policy formulation, and implementation This is considered as a cross-cutting threat in the ECAN zones. Community participation in the planning and implementation of programs and projects increases the possibility of these programs/projects to succeed (World Bank, 2012). 4. Low agricultural production/threatened food security a. Limited supply of agricultural products for subsistence purposes b. Excessive export of agricultural products
There is limited supply of fish for domestic use due to excessive export of fish to other municipalities. This phenomenon leads to high cost of market goods and low access of the local people to its resources because of too much exportation. According
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Taytay ECAN Resource Management Plan 2015 to MAO Report on Shipment of Agricultural Products, 678 kg of fishes and 593 sacks of other aquatic resources were exported in 2013. The businesses around the municipality are also affected because of limited supply of fish. There are existing ordinances for price control; however, it is more effective to regulate exportation so that the local fish catch will provide for the needs of the local people. It is also recommended that exports should be done if there is a surplus of fish supply. There are massive idle lands in the municipality that are not being fully utilized which can be used for agricultural production. The actual area cultivated is only 21% of the entire agricultural land in the municipality (FLUP, 2014). Based on the Flora Report on 2006, it is estimated that there are 3,626 farmers tilling 7,534.50 ha.1 (approx. 2 ha/farmer). The major crops of the municipality are rice (6,919 ha), corn (247 ha) and cassava (776 ha). Due to high exportation of agricultural products, supply for subsistence purposes is being threatened. 5. Outdated Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plan (CLWUP) An underlying cause of the outdated CLWUP could be the obsolete and inadequate data regarding the municipality. Given the absence of adequate data and information, complete profiling of the needs of the community could be hampered. In addition, there are difficulties in planning and implementation of tourism, infrastructure, and natural resources development. This could be due to problems in boundary delineation resulting in conflicts between barangays (e.g. New Guinlo and Old Guinlo) and between municipalities (e.g. El Nido and Roxas; conflict between these municipalities has been resolved). 6. Encroachment within and outside the terrestrial and coastal protected areas a. Overexploitation and conversion of mangrove forests b. Deforestation due to illegal logging, timber poaching and kaingin farming c. Over-exploitation of fisheries resources Natural resources are important in providing the basic needs of the people of Taytay. However, it is threatened by the weak enforcement of environmental laws. Illegal logging, timber poaching, slash-and-burn, over-exploitation of mangrove forest and presence of crop plantations in timberland areas remain as threats to the forests of the municipality. Slash-and-burn makes the land barren resulting in low-productivity of soil which prevents the growth of crops or forests plants. Based on PCSD‘s Baseline Report on Coastal Resources for Taytay (2006), the municipality‘s coral reefs are in ―fair‖ condition while the Malampaya Sound coral reefs are in ―good‖ condition. Mangrove forests are being converted into other uses such as charcoal productionwhich is rampant in 6 of the 31 barangays of the municipality of Tatay. Over-exploitation of fishery resources is also a threat because it leads to other bigger problems such as decrease in fish catch and therefore increases the prices of goods. 7. Limited water supply As of 2011, 14% of households in Taytay have limited access to water. This problem is due to improper allocation of funds for water supply pipeline projects or for storage and movement of water to urban users. The lack of coordination between the municipal government and the local water district also contributed to this looming crisis. This problem significantly constrains the economic development of the municipality. 8. Inadequate power supply in some barangays There are still a number of barangays in Taytay that do not experience 24 hours of electricity. According to PALECO, 8 out of 31 barangays are being supplied
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Taytay ECAN Resource Management Plan 2015 with 24-hour electricity. These are the following barangays: Poblacion, Abongan, Old and New Guinlo, Bato, Libertad, Paglaum and Talog. One of the barangays, Liminangcong, has 24-hour electricity supplied by a private company. The municipality‘s FLUP suggested the following to resolve the electricity problem: (1) improvement in electric distribution lines; (2) establishment of renewable power supply like solar panel; and (3) upgrading of machineries and equipment to be able to provide 24-hour electric service with less interruption in every barangay. If the problem on lack of electricity in some barangays is not resolved, the entire community will be put at risk especially in times of disasters and emergencies. As discussed earlier, this kind of problem significantly restrains economic development of the municipality of Taytay. 9. Lack of support infrastructures a. Poor condition of roads, bridges and networks b. Lack of business infrastructure for each barangay
The poor condition of roads results to the delay in transporting goods and valuable products in and out of Taytay. Consequently, this leads to the rising cost of products and commodities. Damaged road, bridges and networks not only affect the timely delivery of fresh goods (like fish, livestock, and vegetables) but also their quality. Moreover, it affects the accessibility of the town to tourists and all possible investment opportunities. These problems further lead to lack of business infrastructure in the area due to a low number of investors interested to put up their business. Worse, there is a lack for a legal source of lumber, large amount of gravel and sand for road and building constructions and absence of high quality materials to make sure roads are constructed to a standard. In spite of these problems, the municipality is trying its best to come up with several projects for road construction and improvement. However, as suggested by Mr. Rustico Dangue, Palawan Operations Officer, project evaluation must be conducted before implementation to assess whether it can be accomplished within the specified period of time. Without proper planning and scheduling of projects, delays could occur and this would entail more costs.
10. Poor waste disposal and management Problems in waste disposal and management are caused by the lack of efficient waste disposal system in the municipality, and the absence of sanitary landfills and Materials Recovery Facilities (MRF). If unsolved, this problem could result in large amounts of unmanaged wastes, foul smell from the dumping sites and tendency of people to burn their wastes (i.e. causing air pollution), instead of having their wastes collected by the municipal waste collectors. 11. Lack of opportunities to pursue education As of 2011, 25% of the population (aged 6-15) are out-of-school youths (CBMS, 2011). This could be attributed to the lack of financial capability of the families resulting in students dropping out of school and working at an early age. The MSWDO continues to provide scholarship programs, along with other private institutions, aiming to solve this growing problem. 12. Vulnerability to impacts of climate change and natural disasters The human-induced threats to natural ecosystems may be worsened by natural disasters and the potential impacts of climate change in the coastal areas such as sea level rise, sea surface temperature increase, and storm and wave surges. The impact of the sea level rise on Taytay just as of flood and storm surge events will expectedly reduce its farm production. Fortunately, sea level rise will not affect the institutional area both in rural and urban areas.
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Climate change threatens not only the reefs but also other coastal ecosystems vital in providing food and livelihood to the municipality. Coastal erosion due to sea level rise, increased frequency of storms, CO2 and sea surface temperature will not only destroy the reefs but also the mangrove forests and sea-grass meadows. 13. Prevalence of criminal cases Threats regarding safety and security include prevailing incidences of rape cases and violence against women and children and drug addiction. Children in conflict with the Law need facilities and personnel for rehabilitation programs. The low police-population ratio is also seen as a threat. Trainings for barangay tanod and Bantay-Dagat personnel are being conducted by the Municipal Police Station in order to offset the low police visibility. The threats, problems, and issues identified were classified into three broad sectors: environmental-institutional, socio-economic, and cross-cutting issues (specifically climate change). For better understanding of these threats, they were also classified by the practicum team into the different zones as prescribed by the ECAN strategy, namely terrestrial, coastal/marine, and ancestral (Tables 61 & 62). Cross-cutting and non-zonal threats were also included. It is shown in Figure 29 and 30 the relationships of the identified threats grouped according to sector (environmental-institutional and socio-economic). Table 61. Identified threats in the terrestrial zone. Threats ECAN Zone Deforestation due to illegal logging, timber Multiple Use Zone, Traditional Use Zone, poaching and kaingin farming Controlled Use Zone Encroachment into the forests and forestlands Core Zone, Controlled Use Zone, Restricted within and outside PA Use Zone, Multiple Use Zone, Traditional Use Zone Lack of household sewage system Multiple Use Zone, Traditional Use Zone
Lack of site for sanitary landfill Multiple Use Zone, Traditional Use Zone Low agricultural production/Threatened Food Multiple Use Zone Security
Limited supply of agricultural products for Multiple Use Zone subsistence purposes High export of agricultural products Multiple Use Zone Lack of power supply for some barangays Multiple Use Zone Lack of support infrastructures Multiple Use Zone Poor condition of roads, bridges and networks Multiple Use Zone Lack of business infrastructure for each Multiple Use Zone barangay Lack of legal source of lumber, gravel and sand Multiple Use Zone for construction purposes
Table 62. Identified threats in the coastal/marine zone Threats ECAN Zone Over-exploitation of mangrove forest Multiple Use Zone Over-exploitation of coastal/marine resources Multiple Use Zone Effects of Climate change: sea level rise, rising Core Zone, Multiple Use Zone sea surface temperature, and extreme weather events Limited water supply Core Zone Low supply of fishes and other aquatic Multiple Use Zone resources High export of fish supply Multiple Use Zone
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Cross-cutting Threats
Improper management of solid/liquid wastes Residential areas at critical areas (riverbank, coastal areas, landslides prone areas) Poor waste disposal and management Non-Zonal Threats
Lack of marketing strategy of Taytay as tourist destination Low capacity to accommodate high number of tourists Non-compliance to or with tourism industries standards High cost of market goods Inadequate access to health care and services Lack of opportunities to pursue education Prevailing incidence of crimes and low police visibility Weak institutional coordination, initiative, and jobs-skills mismatch Insufficient financial capability
5.4.1 Environmental-Institutional Sector Over-exploitation of mangrove forest Deforestation due to illegal logging, timber poaching and kaingin farming Over-exploitation of fisheries resources Utilization of portions of protected areas to upland vegetable and agricultural/plantation crop farms Poor disposal and management of solid/liquid wastes a. Lack of household sewage system b. Lack of site for sanitary landfill Weak institutional coordination and initiative
Utilization of portions of PA Poor disposal and Over-exploitation Over- to upland vegetable and management of of Mangrove exploitation agricultural/plantation crop solid/liquid Forests of fisheries farms wastes resources
Deforestation due to Weak Lack of Lack of site illegal logging, timber institutional household for sanitary poaching and kaingin coordination sewage landfill farming and initiative system
Figure 29. Interrelationship of Environment-Institutional Threats
5.4.2 Socio-Economic Sector Health Inadequate access to health care and services Lack of opportunities to pursue education Protective Services Low police visibility Agriculture and Fisheries
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Low agricultural production/Threatened Food Security a. Limited supply of agricultural products for subsistence purposes b. Excessive export of agricultural products Decreasing fish catch a. Excessive export of fish supply b. High cost of market goods c. Negative effect on businesses such as restaurants Employment Unemployment/ Lack of alternative source of livelihood Lack of part-time employment opportunities for college students Infrastructure Insufficient supply of electricity Limited water supply Lack of support infrastructures a. Poor condition of roads, bridges and networks b. Lack of business infrastructure for each barangay Lack of legal source of lumber, gravel and sand for construction purposes No sanitary landfill Tourism Lack of marketing strategy for Taytay as tourist destination Exceeding tourist carrying capacity Non-compliance to or with tourism industries standards Untapped non-resource based industries
No Sanitary Insufficient Supply of Limited Water Landfill Electricity Supply
Inadequate Lack of Support Lack of Legal Source of Access to Health Infrastructures (roads, Lumber, Gravel, and Sand Care/Services bridges) for Construction Purposes
Low Agricultural Decreasing Fish Lack of Marketing Strategy Production/ Threatened Catch of Taytay as Tourist Food Security Destination Untapped Non- resource-based Exceeding Tourist Industries Unemployment/Lack Carrying Capacity of Source of Alternative Livelihood Lack of Opportunities to Pursue Education
Figure 30. Interrelationship of Socio-Economic Threats.
5.4.3 Climate Change On August of year 2011, the stakeholders formulated and agreed on 21 measures to deal with the risks the municipality will be facing as a result of climate change in the next nine years (2012-2020) (see Table 63). These measures which constitute the adaptation plan of the municipality are aimed at increasing its level of preparedness by
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Taytay ECAN Resource Management Plan 2015 reinforcing its resilience and ease its adjustment to an altered physical and biological environment. Around five measures are aimed to reduce the risk of storm surge and flooding respectively. Three measures are meant to temper the rise of sea level and temperature. Seven measures respond to all the hazards and the management requirements of plan implementation. Table 63. Time Line and Lead Implementers of Planned Adaptation Measures for Taytay: 2012-2020
Source: CCA Plan, 2012 The following table (Table 64) summarizes the potential negative impacts of human-induced threats and natural disasters.
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Table 63. Potential impacts of climate change in Taytay Municipality.
Potential effects in Taytay Potential secondary effects in affected areas Increase in sea surface temperature • Bleaching of coral reefs which are habitats and • Lower fish catch expected from destruction of source of food for fishes corals • Negative effects on fishery-based livelihoods and industries • Loss of biodiversity and natural habitats of threatened wildlife species Storminess (increase in storm intensity and frequency, change in storm direction) • Lower fish catch from reduced fishing schedule • Lower fish catch •High precipitation • Loss of ecological and aesthetic values • Wave and storm surges •Hunger in the island as a result of the cut-off of • Safety issues of travelling by sea food supplies coming from the mainland • Local landslides • Beach area and mangrove area are the most • Siltation and sedimentation in river mouths and affected coastal areas • Coconut farms and rice fields are vulnerable • Flooding • Damage to properties and infrastructures especially institutional infrastructures Sea-level rise • Inundation of coastal beaches and small islands • Negative effects on coastal • Loss of coastal habitats based livelihoods (tourism and fisheries) and • Coastal beach erosion settlements • Intrusion of saltwater in water sources near • Loss of biodiversity and natural habitats of coasts threatened plant and animal species • rice and corn crops are affected Dry spells • Generally hot temperature (effect on • Drying of water sources during summer microclimate) • Ecosystem degradation • Dry spells, droughts, heat waves • Loss of biodiversity and natural habitats of • Forest fires threatened plant and animal species • Vegetation stress and loss of vegetation during • Negative effects on forestry, fishery, and non- summer timber forest products (NTFP) based livelihoods • Impacts on the flowering of plants resulting to • Pest outbreaks disruption of pollination and affecting honey bee • Increase in incidence of vector-borne diseases formation • Fish kill/red tide (harmful algal bloom) due partly to rapid temperature change Source: San Vicente ERMP, 2012
5.5 CURRENT INITIATIVES IN ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE
The following table13 (Table 65) provides a summary of some of the efforts by Taytay LGU, along with its ECAN Board and institutional partners, in environmental management and environmental governance.
Table 64. Current initiatives in environmental governance of the local government unit of Taytay, Palawan. Governance Aspect Current Initiatives 1. Stakeholders‘ Information and Education Campaigns participation in Social mobilization (social workers penetrate the the protection, community for better understanding and cooperation of conservation, the locals)
13 Based on the factors enumerated in Section 25 of PCSD Resolution No. 2005-250 (Preparation of the ECAN Zoning Plan).
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Governance Aspect Current Initiatives development, Conduct of public consultation, regular assessment, exploitation and seminars, meetings and forums restoration of Communities (e.g. 4Ps beneficiaries) are involved in natural resources coastal clean-up in the area Provision of honorarium or benefits for the participation of the constituents (e.g. attending IECs) Community organization Peoples‘ Organizations cooperate in reforestation activities 2. Encroachment of Patrolling by the Municipal Bantay Dagat, PNP, POs, commercial Malampaya Task Force fishing vessels on Ordinance created regarding encroachment municipal waters Strengthening of the Fisheries Code Determination of possible beneficiaries of fishing materials and equipment. Law enforcement (cases filed against the violators) MFARMC partners with LPRAT (Local Poverty Reduction Team) in monitoring the municipal waters 3. Treatment of Regular patrolling from Bantay Dagat/Kalikasan and POs protected areas Management of Protected Areas with PAMB as a policy- under the NIPAS making body Information Education Campaigns Funds are given/allotted for the Malampaya Sound Existing plans (Malampaya Landscape and Seascape Plan, Biodiversity Protection Plan) Law enforcement Establishment of Taytay-Malampaya Environmental Law Enforcement Team
4. Inter-agency Linkages and partnerships participation Conduct of meetings with well-represented participants 5. Protection of Fishery Trust Fund coastal/marine Partnerships with international organizations for funding areas and or provision of equipment (e.g. JICA – speedboats, radio) enforcement of Information Education Campaigns fishery laws Enforcement of Fishery Code of Taytay, Palawan Patrolling conducted by Task Forces, Coast Guards, Police Existence of Fishery Management Unit 6. Monitoring and Research and studies by BFARMC and PCSD evaluation Coastal pollution and degradation Monitoring and schemes Evaluation, Reef Assessment are being conducted by NGOs (Malampaya Foundation, WWF) Part of the Multi-partite Monitoring Team in monitoring projects with ECC Red tide monitoring by PAO-DENR 7. Regulatory Issuances of zoning clearance through MPDO before measures or acquiring building permit through MEO permitting system Registration of boats and fisherfolk Issuances of Exclusive Fishery Privilege Issuances of Live Fish Trader with MFARMC Certification needed 8. Application of Taxes (e.g. certificate of origin)
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Governance Aspect Current Initiatives resource rents or Business Permit user charges Special use permit for permaculture Entrance fee at Fuerza de Sta. Isabel 9. Management of Local collections go to the general funds or trust fund funds from proceeds of license fees 10. Allowable CLWUP is still on the process of updating activities for Law enforcement each zone; Zoning clearance (CLWUP land use zones and/or ECAN zones) 11. Development No development activities in the municipality; most of the activities in islands are privately owned small islands 12. Waste disposal Identification of land to serve as landfill and sewage; Regular collection of wastes (solid and liquid Information Education Campaign regarding Proper Waste waste) Disposal in schools Ongoing resolution regarding prohibiting the use of plastic and Styrofoam Creation of Municipal Waste Management Board Existence of dumpsite in the municipality Coastal Clean-up and related activities (OPLAN Linis, Scuba Basura) are conducted by agencies and POs Existence of Organic Fertilizer Plan wherein all biodegradables are converted to fertilizer 13. Provision of SEA-K program (seaweeds farming) by DSWD, alternative spearheaded by MSWD livelihood Provision of livelihood projects through KALAHI projects CIDDS, Sustainable Livelihood Programs for 4Ps beneficiaries (seminars on cashew, tinapa and bayong production) and Sustainable Livelihood Program Loans 14. Protection of the Law enforcement access rights of Municipal policy on the use of municipal fishing grounds the community (endorsement from barangay must be ensured) to the natural Patrolling on the upland and mangrove forest resources Information dissemination Registration of boats and fisherfolk Issuances of Exclusive Fishery Privilege Protected Area Community-Based Resource Management Agreement (PACBRMA) Conservation Agreement of People‘s Organization 15. Migration and Identification of resettlement areas settlement within Proposal for inviting Gawad Kalinga to enter the the coastal areas municipality is in process Inventory of number of vulnerable families for relocation being done by MDRRMC 16. Appropriation of Zonation is still in the process of refinement. funds for the ECAN Board of Taytay has been established on the year implementation 2015 of the plan and the management
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Governance Aspect Current Initiatives of the ECAN zones.
5.6 OPPORTUNITIES
With its rich natural resources and historical background, Taytay has great potential in becoming one of the most desirable tourist destinations in the Province of Palawan. Among the famous tourist destinations found in the municipality are Lake Danao and Malampaya Sound. Lake Danao is the largest fresh water lake in Palawan and is a great place for bird watching. It has been planned by the local government to offer more activities which can cater to the increasing number of visitors. Malampaya Sound, which was formerly known as the Fish Bowl of the Philippines, is home to the critically endangered Irrawaddy dolphins. It is one of the major sources of fish for Taytay. There are various destinations to choose from, offering both land and water activities. With diverse coral reefs, island beach resorts, and other pristine natural attractions, the influx of visitors have been continuously increasing for the past years. In addition, there are still a lot of identified emerging and potential destinations to be added to the major tourist areas. Once these areas are tapped and more ecotourism activities are introduced, the municipality and the locals will greatly benefit from possible job and other income-generating opportunities. The Municipal Tourism Office (MTO) has begun its efforts in introducing more marine-based activities such as scuba diving. Moreover, there are many food and accommodation establishments that can cater to the tourists. It has been suggested by some LGU employees to establish a Municipal Economic and Enterprise Development Office (MEEDO) so that the business sector will be more organized. Taytay also has a wide land area making it the largest municipality in Palawan. Its lands are fertile and are great for agricultural production. Twenty-five percent (25%) of its land can be used for agriculture but the actual area cultivated is at 21% (DENR- CENRO, 2014). Among the major crops produced are rice, corn, coconut, banana, cassava, and cashew. With proper care and management, ecological services provided by the environment can be sustained for the present and future generations to benefit from. Additionally, making use of the land areas for agriculture will be beneficial to the income of the local people and in turn, the local economy. The Municipal Agriculture Office (MAO) and BFARMC have continuously been distributing seeds and have been conducting trainings to farmers. The kinds of seedlings distributed include mango, jackfruit, suha, santol, rubber tree, atis, budded calamansi, and coconut tree. Among the different sources of livelihood, seaweed farming is one of the things of which Taytay is proud. Red grouper (suno) and green grouper are two of the most common fish catches in Taytay Bay and Malampaya Sound respectively. There are labor/contractual jobs as well that are funded by the municipal government such as for road construction. There are also different sources of alternative livelihood provided by Municipal Social Welfare and Development (MSWD), Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP), Malampaya Foundation, and livelihood projects headed by Sangguniang Bayan. Examples of alternative livelihood provided include bartending, tour guiding, food and beverage services, housekeeping, automotive, welding, masonry, tile-setting, plumbing, electrical installations, live fish culture, cacao and rubber tree planting, goat raising, dress making, and cashew processing. Given these opportunities for livelihood and rich agricultural production, the municipality can focus on developing its own single product in line with the ―One Town One Product‖ (OTOP) Program of the Philippines. Furthermore, there are existing airport and seaport infrastructure that need to be upgraded to nationally-accepted standards (MTO, 2013). This can make Taytay a possible centre for commerce assuming there is already 24-hour power supply. Moreover,
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Taytay ECAN Resource Management Plan 2015 construction of supplementary roads, especially farm-to-market roads, will improve the overall local economic condition. In the municipality, several existing groups, associations and organizations provide support and actively participate in different government projects and programs, especially in protecting the environment and in community-based management programs. Taytay also has an expansive population pyramid, thereby indicating a continuous increase in population. The local government‘s efforts, led by the political will of Mayor Romy Salvame, in improving the economy by addressing basic needs, implementing projects and programs, providing alternative sources of livelihood, and ensuring good governance can all lead towards further development of Taytay. With the existence and pending approval of the final draft for the Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP), as well as the on-going formulation of a Master Plan for Tourism, a Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plan (CLWUP), and an ECAN Resource Management Plan, a sustainable future for the municipality can be made possible.
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CHAPTER 6: THE ECAN ZONES MANAGEMENT PLAN
6.1 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE ECAN ZONES MANAGEMENT PLAN
Palawan Province‘s economic potential hinges on several high-profit resource- based industries such as tourism and fisheries. The increasing number of environmentally critical projects puts pressure on the natural resources and this implies that regulation and planning for sustainability must be institutionalized. Through the SEP Law, the ECAN zoning is made the principal strategy on local area land and water use planning. The strategy can be applied strategically over and above other existing planning frameworks due to the adaptive and strategic nature of the ECAN strategy itself. The formulation of the ECAN Zones Management Plan is important in optimizing the uses of Palawan lands and waters, as well as the maximization of benefits derived from resources therein and the minimization of negative impacts from introduced activities. At the municipal level, the Plan can serve as a sustainable development master plan or road map. It can delineate the options and strategies on land and water use and can determine the most suitable industries in certain resource areas. To this end, the Plan contains strategies for the proper allocation of assets, investments, and capital (social, natural, and economic capital).
6.2 THE ECAN ZONES OF TAYTAY MUNICIPALITY
CURRENT STATUS OF ECAN ZONING The municipality of Taytay has recently updated its zonation through an ECAN Mapping Workshop. Its participants consist of representatives from the barangays of the municipality. The result of the mapping activity is shown in the map below (Figure 31).
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Figure 30. Proposed municipal ECAN zone map of Taytay, Palawan.
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MUNICIPAL BREAKDOWN OF THE ECAN ZONES The ECAN of the municipality contains opportunities for both conservation and development. About 37% of the land area of Municipality is categorized as a protected area (Core and Restricted use zone) and the rest of the 63% can be allotted for development activities. The following table (Table 66) shows the land area and fraction of each ECAN zone of Taytay. Table 65. Proposed ECAN Zones of Taytay.
ECAN zone Area (ha.) Percentage (%) Core zone 27,303 19.54 Restricted use area 23,647 16.92 Controlled use area 29,625 21.20 Traditional use area 27,768 19.87 Multiple use zone 31,397 22.47 TOTAL 139,740 100.00
6.3 RIDGE-TO-REEF ECAN MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AND LAND/WATER USE STRATEGIES14
The ECAN zones management approach will be holistic and will follow the ridge- to-reef approach (Table 67). The ridge-to-reef framework is a strategic approach to the ECAN management and allows for cross-cutting strategies to be applied across the ECAN zones on the ground. This means that the management options and strategies are configured in such a way that the sphere of influence of the upland includes the lowland down to the sea.
Table 66. Ridge-to-reef management framework of ECAN zones.
COMPONENT ECAN UPLAND BUFFER ZONE (UPLAND AND LOWLAND COASTAL ZONE AREAS LOWLAND MANAGEMENT AND AREAS URBAN Terrestrial Core zone Biodiversity conservation Restricted Biodiversity Watershed use area conservation Management Controlled Biodiversity Watershed Upland Upland use area conservation Management forest stabilization management Traditional Biodiversity Watershed Upland Upland use area conservation Management forest stabilization management Multiple Biodiversity Watershed Upland Upland Lowland and use zone conservation Management forest stabilization urban area management management Coastal/ Coastal Biodiversity Watershed Upland Upland Lowland and Integrated Marine core zone conservation Management forest stabilization urban area coastal zone management management management Coastal Biodiversity Watershed Upland Upland Lowland and Integrated transition conservation Management forest stabilization urban area coastal zone zone management management management Coastal Biodiversity Watershed Upland Upland Lowland and Integrated sustainable conservation Management forest stabilization urban area coastal zone use zone management management management Tribal ancestral Tribal lands ancestral Cultural Mapping zone
14 This section partly based on ECAN Zones Management Plan for El Nido Municipality (PCSDS 2006)
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The Core Zone will mainly use the strategy of biodiversity conservation due to its limited activities. The strategy, however, is still flexible and not limiting because biodiversity conservation still allows strategic activities and options that could be introduced in the Core Zones (e.g. regulated ecotourism). The buffer zone management strategies will range from biodiversity conservation in areas that are pristine (as with Core zones), watershed management (in Restricted use areas), upland forest management (in Controlled use areas), and upland stabilization (in Traditional use areas). In addition to all these strategies, the Multiple use zone will focus on lowland and urban area management. The coastal zone will be managed through integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) in appropriate areas. Since the strategies in the upland will impact the lowland and coastal areas, the whole gamut of strategies in the upland areas will be a factor in managing the areas below it. Note that some commercial activities (or projects) will require the SEP Clearance. Table 68 below shows the specific strategies recommended to address general threats to sustainable development in ECAN zones. These strategies can be implemented across selected or all the ECAN zones.
Table 67. Recommended strategies to address general threats to sustainable development of ECAN zones.
THREAT TO SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION TARGET REMARKS SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES ECAN DEVELOPMENT ZONES Inability to provide for Livelihood All ECAN basic needs support zones Threat to food security Conservation All ECAN and sustainable zones use Biodiversity loss Protection and Protection and preservation Core zones preservation of resources in areas highly (land and restricted to human activities water), but other ECAN zones can also allocate areas for protection and preservation Restoration Restoration in areas to be Buffer zones Restoration depends on ―upgraded‖ or reverted back (land and the ecological features of to Core zones water) but the area being restored. may be expanded to In Core zones, limited include the restoration activity only. Core zone and Multiple use zones Rehabilitation Rehabilitation in areas or Buffer zone ecosystems which are and Multiple degraded, denuded, or use zone polluted and require (land and intervention such as water) reforestation, replanting, or adoption of pollution control measures Natural processes Climate change All ECAN adaptation zones, especially Disaster risk geohazard reduction and areas
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THREAT TO SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION TARGET REMARKS SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES ECAN DEVELOPMENT ZONES management Land-based Conservation All ECAN stresses/pressures and sustainable zones, but use will depend on existing Law guidelines enforcement Unsound waste Solid waste All ECAN management practices management zones Strong market demand Law Quota system to regulate All ECAN for resources enforcement; volume of resource zones Permitting harvesting. system Lack of livelihood Livelihood Reclamation or conversion All ECAN opportunities support to other uses in Multiple use zones zone (land and water), or in Reclamation or areas with less productive Multiple use conversion to ecosystems and where zone (land other uses existing land uses are and water) irreversible such that restoration will be costly, and are therefore best suited for conversion into other uses. Lack of industry Industry support All ECAN support zones Market creation Uncertainty in Conflict Areas for conflict resolution All ECAN Land use situations that coastal/land tenure resolution are those which current or zones may require conflict (property rights) proposed uses under resolution are as follows: approved CLUPs are in Built-up areas within conflict with ECAN zoning. core zones or restricted Resolution may involve any use zones or a combination of the A&D lands within core following: a) consultation zones and negotiation, b) Settlements within adjudication in court, and c) strict protections zones establishment of of NIPAS protected management guidelines for areas or within ECAN allowable and prohibited Core zones uses. Communal forest within core zone Agriculture and urban development in unclassified public forest land Infrastructures (roads, power plants) within core zones Fishpond in mangrove areas Urban development within Network of Protected Areas for Agriculture and Agro- industrial Development (NPAAD) Low level of IEC All ECAN sustainable zones development awareness Political issues Capacity All ECAN building zones
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Strategies can be cross-cutting and/or suprazonal. This means they can be applied across more than one ECAN zone. Examples of these strategies include climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction, livelihood support, law enforcement, industry support, conflict resolution, IEC and capacity building. 6.4 ECAN ZONES MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES
OBJECTIVES OF THE ECAN ZONES MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES Each of the ECAN zones can be thought of as responding to basic needs and sustainable development objectives of the ECAN zoning strategy explicitly defined by the SEP Law (see last column of Table 69 below). With these objectives and in view of the nature and criteria for delineation of each ECAN Zone, the applicable zonal goals and management framework of the ECAN zones may be defined as in Table 69. Table 69. ECAN zones management goals and framework applicable to Taytay Municipality.
ECAN Zone Zonal goal Zonal management Objectives of ECAN framework zones management (SEP Law, Section 7) Core zone Ecological Integrity Biodiversity 1. forest conservation conservation and protection,
For coastal/marine 2. protection of component: watersheds, ICZM Buffer zone: Water sufficiency Watershed 3. preservation of management biological diversity, Restricted use area Buffer zone: Food security Upland forest 4. protection of management indigenous peoples Controlled use areas Upland and preservation of Traditional use areas stabilization their culture,
Multiple use zone Food Security Lowland and 5. maintenance of Sustainable urban area maximum sustainable (land and water) Industries and management yield, Services
For coastal/marine 6. protection of rare and component: endangered species ICZM and their habitat, and
7. provision of areas for environmental research, education, and training, and
8. provision of areas for tourism and recreation.
The ECAN as a whole aims to satisfy the above zonal goals for a particular area. It is evident from this how the ECAN is conceptualized as a holistic strategy to achieve human welfare. The figure below illustrates the positive reinforcing outcomes of SEP-ECAN to achieving societal well-being and holism. The balance of ecological stability and economic development is the main driver of water sufficiency and food security, which in turn are driven by increased knowledge capacity and good governance. Thus, the expected lasting benefit of SEP, through the management of ECAN Zones, is the
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Taytay ECAN Resource Management Plan 2015 continuous build-up of necessary ecological, economic, and social infrastructures to realize a self-sustaining green economy.
Figure 31. The positive reinforcing outcomes of SEP-ECAN.
ECAN ZONES STRATEGIES AND USE PRESCRIPTIONS The zones use prescription defines the allowable uses and prohibited activities in the respective ECAN zones. It is guided by the management and use prescriptions defined in the SEP Law and the Revised ECAN guidelines. Strategies and allowable activities and sample strategies within the ECAN zones are summarized in the table below. Details of these activities are provided in the succeeding sections. Table 68. Activities allowed in the ECAN zones (based on PCSD Resolution 05-25015 and PCSD Resolution o6-270) vis-à-vis general and specific strategies in each zone.
ECAN zone General strategies Specific strategies Allowable activities within the management zone Terrestrial component Core zone Biodiversity Protection and None, except for: conservation preservation Declaration of forest Traditional uses of tribal reserve communities for minimal and soft Conservation and impact gathering of forest species sustainable use for ceremonial and religious Livelihood support purposes, and Ecotourism and activities as per PCSD Resolution 06-270. Buffer zone – Biodiversity Protection and Limited and non-consumptive Restricted use conservation preservation activities which include: Watershed Declaration as management watershed reserve Gathering of wild honey; Restoration Almaciga tapping; Rehabilitation Soft-impact recreational activities Conservation and (hiking, sight-seeing, bird sustainable use watching); Livelihood support Research; Enforcement Sustainable activities of indigenous Monitoring peoples; Ecosystem restoration or
15 Title I, Chapter II, and Title II, Chapter II, of PCSD Resolution 05-250.
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ECAN zone General strategies Specific strategies Allowable activities within the management zone Research rehabilitation; and Capability building Ecotourism activities as per PCSD Resolution 06-270. Buffer zone – Biodiversity Protection and Strictly controlled mining; Controlled use conservation preservation Strictly controlled logging which is Watershed Restoration/ not for profit (i.e., communal forest, management Reforestation CBFM, etc.); Upland forest Rehabilitation Almaciga tapping; management Conservation and Tourism development; sustainable use Research; Livelihood support Grazing; Enforcement Gathering of honey, rattan, and Monitoring other minor forest products. Buffer zone – Biodiversity Protection and Upland stabilization program; Traditional use conservation preservation Catchment management; Watershed Restoration Hillside farming; management Rehabilitation Industrial tree plantation; Upland forest Conservation and Reforestation; management sustainable use Integrated social forestry; Upland stabilization Livelihood support Community-based forest Upland development management. Agroforestry Reclassification and land titling
Multiple use zone Biodiversity Protection and Timber extraction with community- conservation preservation based forest management; Watershed Restoration Grazing and pastures; management Rehabilitation Agriculture; Upland forest Reclamation or Infrastructure and industrial management conversion to other uses development; Upland stabilization Conservation Recreation; Lowland and urban Sustainable Education; area management development activities Research; and Agricultural production Other sustainable activities. Coastal/Marine component Coastal/Marine core ICZM Protection and None, except for: zone preservation Conservation and Navigation purposes of local fishing sustainable use communities where there are no Livelihood support alternative routes; Capability building Emergency situations such as navigational routes to save life and property; Researches previously authorized by PCSD; and Ecotourism activities as per PCSD Resolution 06-270. Coastal/Marine ICZM Protection and Habitat restoration, rehabilitation multiple use zone – preservation and enhancement of activities; Transition/Buffer Declaration of Soft impact activities zone mangrove reserve (swimming/snorkelling; non- Ecosystem restoration motored boating (row boats, kayaks, and rehabilitation canoes, wind surfing, etc.); Conservation Guided scuba diving; Livelihood support Fishing using highly-selected gears Regulation (i.e., hook & line and gill net) with Management planning specification to be determined by Sustainable use studies; Pre-approved visit or educational activities; Installation of environmental information boards); and Resource enhancement activities.
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ECAN zone General strategies Specific strategies Allowable activities within the management zone Coastal/Marine ICZM Protection and All sustainable human activities, with multiple use zone – preservation certain development endeavors Sustainable/ General Restoration subject to the EIA system and to other use zone Rehabilitation policies regulating development Reclamation or projects. conversion to other uses Conservation Livelihood support Sustainable use Tribal ancestral lands Management Management strategies Activities based on the material and strategies that may be that may be identified cultural needs of the indigenous identified through through consultative peoples. consultative processes processes and cultural and cultural mapping mapping Tribal ancestral waters Management Management strategies Cultural activities performed by strategies that may be that may be identified indigenous peoples (IPs) according identified through through consultative to their religious rites and heritage consultative processes processes and cultural IP activities related to their and cultural mapping mapping subsistence and tradition
STRATEGIES AND LAND USE OPTIONS IN THE TERRESTRIAL CORE ZONE Since the Core zone showcases ecologically outstanding areas of Taytay, its management will focus on Biodiversity Conservation, which includes conservation of both natural diversity and cultural diversity of the area. There are no intensive activities to be undertaken in Core Zones. Only minimal and soft impact uses like activities of tribal communities and highly regulated nature tourism may be allowed. All allowable developmental activities in the Core Zone are subject to the EIA System, the SEP Clearance System, and other laws and rules regulating development projects. Any other proposed activity not allowed in the Core zone must require conflict resolution with the PCSD and other concerned stakeholders. The land use options and activities in terrestrial Core zones are as follows: 1. Ceremonial, religious, and livelihood support activities of tribal communities The livelihood support activities for IPs include soft impact gathering of forest species and non-timber forest products (NTFPs) like almaciga resin, honey, and rattan. This may require the application of SEP Clearance. Indigenous knowledge systems and practices and indigenous rituals also allowed for IPs. 2. Ecotourism As per PCSD Resolution 06-270, the allowed ecotourism activities in both land and sea are: Regulated botanical tours Swimming Bird watching Scuba diving Picture taking Canoeing Trekking Kayaking Mountaineering Boardwalking Caving Tree climbing Dolphin and whale watching
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All these activities are subject to strict restriction embodied in a code of conduct to be formulated by the PCSD with the assistance of the Department of Tourism (DOT). The SEP Clearance will also be required prior to the conduct of some of the abovementioned activities. 3. Research While the ECAN guidelines do not explicitly include research-related activities in Core zones, such may be allowed provided the research is non-destructive and the research proponent will secure the SEP Clearance from the PCSD. 4. Other possible activities The building of telecommunication facilities (cell sites and towers) is subject to application for the SEP Clearance.
STRATEGIES AND LAND USE OPTIONS IN THE TERRESTRIAL BUFFER ZONES Certain developmental activities in the three terrestrial Buffer zones may be subjected to the EIA System, the SEP Clearance System, and other rules and regulations governing development projects.
RESTRICTED USE AREA Since the Restricted Use Area delineates the critical watersheds of Taytay, the management scheme for this ECAN zone will be a watershed or catchment management. As with the Core Zone, the biodiversity conservation activities may be undertaken in this particular buffer zone and only soft impact activities to be undertaken in the Restricted Use Areas. The major activities here are watershed support and ecological restoration. The enrichment of ecosystems through forest planting and regeneration in this zone and in other downstream zones can serve as future sources of ecological goods and services. This is a form of ―restorative development‖ based on expanding resources and improving existing assets. Restoration is a process of development that adds value to natural ecosystems or built assets, returning them to their previous condition, and transforming them into a healthier and more functional condition (Cunninghum, 2002) The possible activities in Restricted use buffer zone area are the following: 1. Harvesting of NTFPs NTFPs include wild honey and almaciga tapping. 2. Soft-impact recreational activities This includes hiking, sight-seeing, bird watching, and the like. As with Core zones, the enumerated ecotourism activities cited in PCSD Resolution 06-270 also apply to Restricted use areas. 3. Research The research in this zone is subject to the guidelines of the PCSD. 4. Sustainable activities of IPs The activities include almaciga resin tapping. In addition, traditional indigenous activities like rituals and the practice of indigenous knowledge systems are allowed in Restricted use area, just like in the Core zone. 5. Ecosystem restoration and rehabilitation Restoration will be the major watershed support activity in this ECAN zone. Following the framework of the PaITREES (Palawan Trees for Restoration of Ecology, Economy, and Society) Programs of PCSD, restoration is defined as the ―return of an ecosystem to a closed approximation of its condition prior to disturbance‖ (U.S. National Research Council, 1992).
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The specific kind of restoration called for is ‗ecological restoration‘, defined as ―the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed and is intended to repair ecosystems with respect to their health, integrity, and self-sustainability.‖ In a broader context, its goal is ―to recover resilient ecosystems that are not only self-sustaining with respect to structure, species composition and functionality but also integrated into larger landscapes and congenial to ‗low impact‘ human activities‖ (Society for Ecological Restoration (SER) International Science and Policy Working Group 2004, in TEEB 2009). 6. Other watershed support activities These proposed activities may require conflict resolution with the PCSD and other concerned stakeholders. It may also require an ECC and SEP Clearance. 7. Other possible activities Similar to the Core zone, the construction of telecommunication facilities (cell sites and towers) is subject to application for the SEP Clearance, evaluation by PCSD Staff, and deliberation by the PCSD.
CONTROLLED USE AREA The Controlled Use Area is a critical buffer zone enveloping the ―protected‖ ECAN core and restricted use zones. Ideally, it still contains a sizeable volume of forest along a relatively steep gradient. Upland forest management will be the prescribed strategy in this zone. The activities here necessitate a rational and sustainable use of land. The forest cover will be maintained; any harvested or utilized forest resources will be replaced. The activities in this particular buffer zone, subject to existing permit regulations are: 1. Strictly controlled mining Following existing national, provincial, and local guidelines and issuances on mining, strictly controlled mining may be allowed. This may include metallic and non-metallic mining activities. 2. Strictly controlled logging which is not for profit Subject to existing forest management guidelines, this logging activity may fall under forest management schemes like communal forest and CBFM. 3. Almaciga tapping 4. Tourism development 5. Research 6. Grazing 7. Gathering of NTFPs (honey, rattan, and other minor forest products)
TRADITIONAL USE AREA The Traditional Use Area management strategy will be Upland Stabilization in addition to the strategies for the upstream ECAN zones. As the outer buffer or barrier, it will be devoted to land and livelihoods stabilization. The activities here center on forest livelihood projects and agricultural food production. The following activities or tenurial instruments may be allowed. 1. Upland Stabilization Program (USP) 2. Catchment management 3. Hillside farming 4. Industrial Tree Plantation (ITP) 5. Reforestation 6. Integrated Social Forestry (ISF)
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7. CBFM
STRATEGIES AND LAND USE OPTIONS IN THE TERRESTRIAL MULTIPLE USE ZONE The Multiple Use Zone management strategy will focus on Lowland and Urban Area Management. Where applicable, this outermost ECAN zone will also employ the strategies of the other ECAN zones. Certain developmental activities in the terrestrial Multiple use zone may be subjected to the EIA System. Management and control shall be strictly integrated with the support programs of the SEP and shall be in accord with the LGU and community-indorsed CLWUP. The activities in this zone will focus on urban and lowland development. 1. Timber extraction with CBFM 2. Grazing and pastures 3. Agriculture 4. Infrastructure and industrial development 5. Recreation 6. Education 7. Research 8. Other sustainable activities
STRATEGIES AND WATER USE OPTIONS IN THE COASTAL/MARINE ECAN ZONES Due to the critical nature of coastal zones, the SEP Law recognized the distinct management framework in these areas. The law prescribes ―a simplified scheme of management zonation [. . .] due to its geographical characteristics, critical nature, and patterns of resource use‖ (Sec. 10, SEP Law). Hence, the two management philosophies in this component shall be: i. Equity in access to resources, and ii. Management responsibility by the local community.
The PCSD guidelines recognize the jurisdiction of the LGU over their coastal areas. As such, PCSD Resolution 05-250 Sec. 14) specifies that the LGU ―shall exercise general supervision and control over the management of their coastal/marine areas subject to prior clearance from PCSD in accordance with their existing laws, rules, regulations and agreements‖. The guidelines also provide that, in cases of areas whose management is awarded to entities by virtue of agreements/contract, they shall be properly marked with buoys provided by the grantees/awardees with the assistance of PCSDS. In addition, billboards or signage regarding the management of the area shall be posted by the grantees/awardees for public information.
Activities in Coastal/Marine Areas The activities that may be allowed in the coastal zone are the ones enumerated in Table 68 above. These activities may be subjected to the EIA System and the SEP Clearance System. The development activities may be further supplemented by other programs, project, and activities identified in any local Coastal Resource Management Plan, Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan, or Marine Protected Areas Management Plan, subject to review of the PCSD pursuant to the ECAN Zoning guidelines.
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Other activities that may be allowed In Coastal multiple use zone shall be governed or determined by the following: i. Resource distribution patterns, and ii. Appropriate uses and management strategies and/or restrictions for each sub- zone subject to the review of the PCSD pursuant to the ECAN guidelines.
Other strategies and land/water use options in the coastal/marine zone may be determined through participative and consultative processes such as Community Based ECAN Zones Management Planning the PCSD Staff have piloted in selected CRM Learning Centers throughout Palawan. STRATEGIES AND LAND/WATER USE OPTIONS IN THE TRIBAL ANCESTRAL ZONES Selected areas in Palawan were declared as ancestral zones/domains for indigenous peoples by virtue of any of the following instruments. Although the TAZ is a component of the ECAN, its declaration and management will have to follow the integrated/harmonized guidelines of the NCIP and PCSD. The activities in these areas are primarily those based on the material and cultural needs of the indigenous peoples. The management strategies in TAZ may be identified through consultative processes and cultural mapping. The Ancestral Domains Sustainable Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP) to be formulated must be able to take into account these activities and management strategies. 6.5 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREAS
Special Management Areas (SMAs) are areas that have a special use by virtue of tenurial instruments through legal frameworks. They may have a separate planning and regulatory guidelines, management, and administration arrangements that must be harmonized with the ECAN. SMAs are still subject to ECAN zoning but their management may entail ―special treatment‖ owing to specific management plans and management authorities intended for them. SMAs may include any of the following: 1. Habitats of rare and endangered species (Habitat SMAs) Habitat SMAs are selected areas in Palawan that are designated as habitats of endangered species by virtue of local resolutions. Management and activities in Habitat SMAs will follow the guidelines on critical habitat specifies in PCSD Resolution 13-48116. p.95 2. Areas of cultural, historical, geological, and anthropological interest (including significant caves) These sites may be identified and declared as SMA by the LGU. Special management scheme for the sustainable development of these areas may be drafted. Fuerza de Santa Isabel can be considered as one of the site for cultural and historical interest. If the SMA is a cave, the management of such area will have to follow the guidelines specified in PCSD Administrative Order No. 08 ―Implementing PCSD Resolution No. 03-217, Adopting and Revising the DENR Rules and Regulations
16 ―Confirming the Action of the Executive Committee Adopting the Guidelines on the Establishment and Management of Critical Habitat as May Be Made Applicable in the Province of Palawan, as an Amendment to Section 50 of PCSD Administrative Order No. 12, Series of 2011.‖
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of the National Caves and Cave Resources Management and Protection Act as Applicable in the Province of Palawan‖. 3. Tourism development areas (TDAs) Areas declared or identified as TDAs by the local government will follow the PCSD guidelines on ecotourism. TDAs will be guided by the strategies prescribed in National Tourism Master Plan. The major and existing tourist destinations in the municipality as identified in the Taytay Tourism Development Plan (2013) are the following: Fuerza de Santa Isabel, Malampaya Sound, Pabellon Islands, Canique Falls and Lake Manguao. As per the emerging and potential tourist attractions in the municipality, here are as follows: Cuyawyaw Falls, Malaipit Forest Park, Reefs (Tecas, Lopez, Talacanen, DInot, Black Rock, Nabat, Batas, Tabuyo, and Maliao), Bugtong Bukid, Quimbaludan and Tubog Malaipit. 4. NIPAS areas These areas will have to be managed under the NIPAS Law and in consonance with the SEP Law. Currently, there are two protected areas in Taytay under the NIPAS namely the El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area and the Malampaya Sound Protected Landscape and Seascape. Malampaya has been proclaimed as a protected area since the year 2000 and has been rated Level 5 in 2008. 5. Other management units in the terrestrial zone Other SMAs that exist or may be identified in Taytay are as follows: i. Watershed reserves or forest reserves ii. Municipal parks (terrestrial) iii. Community Based Forestry Management Area (CBFMA) iv. Communal Forest Areas v. ISF (Integrated Social Forestry) and other forest-related tenurial instruments
6. Other management units in the coastal/marine zone I. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), marine parks, fish sanctuaries, or marine ecosystem reserves – may cover different benthic habitats, such as coral reefs, seagrass and mangroves. II. Communal fishing grounds III. Municipal waters IV. Community Based Mangrove Forest Management Area (CBMFMA) V. Sanctuaries of rare and endangered species Planning for these SMAs cannot be monopolized by one agency or one group of stakeholder. A consultative and participative planning process is advised for SMAs in order for the SMA Plans to gain acceptance by the affected communities and management authorities. Harmonization and integration of SMA Plans with the ECAN Plan shall be pursued as much as possible.
6.6 ECAN MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (2015-2020)
The proposed ECAN Management Program (ECAN-MP) for the next five years (2015-2020) shall be implemented by the Municipality of Taytay in cooperation with and with the support of PCSD Staff and stakeholders including other concerned government agencies, NGOs, local community organizations, and private sector organizations operating in the area. The support of national and international funding organizations (grant and lending institutions) shall also be sought to fund selected activities of the program components.
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The program is designed to directly respond to the major needs and problems identified in the integrated municipal threats analysis. The threats identified were prioritized in the Action Planning Activity and these prioritized threats were compiled in Table 71. The following matrix designates the specific components that address the priorities and problems of the municipality of Taytay. The projects, its involved organizations, and the length of completion of each are shown in Table 72.
Table 69. The major issues of Taytay and the ECAN Management Program components that address them.
ECAN Program Major problem, issue, need, or ECAN Program sub- Component priority to be addressed component Holistic ECAN Zoning 1. Threats to sustainable development 1. ECAN Institutionalization 2. Outdated Comprehensive Land and and Mainstreaming Water Use Plan 2. Boundary Delineation of Core Zones on the Ground 3. Institutional Capacity Building 4. Policy Reforms 5. Sustainable Financing Environmental and Institutional Environmental 1. Deforestation due to illegal logging, 6. Environmental Management, Good timber poaching and kaingin farming Management and Law Governance, and 2. Over-exploitation of coastal/marine Enforcement Stewardship resources 3. Over-exploitation of mangrove forest 4. Encroachment into the forests and forestlands within and outside PA
5. Poor waste disposal and management 7. Waste Management
Social and Economic Rights-Based 1. Low agricultural 8. Support to Agriculture Socioeconomic production/Threatened Food Development Security
2. Unemployment/ Lack of alternative 9. Livelihood, Community- source of livelihood/Underdeveloped Based Sustainable Tourism tourism (CBST), and Community- a. Limited trainings for income Based Eco-Tourism (CBET) generating activity Development b. Absence of Municipal Economic and Enterprise Development Office c. Lack of marketing strategy for Taytay as tourist destination d. Exceeding visitor carrying capacity e. Non-compliance to or with tourism industries standards
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ECAN Program Major problem, issue, need, or ECAN Program sub- Component priority to be addressed component 3. Inadequate power supply in other 10. Sustainable Energy barangays
4. Lack of opportunities to pursue 11. Support to Education education: a. Limited degree programs/course offerings that match the needs of the community b. Limited funds of students for education
5. Inadequate access to health care and 12. Support to Health Care services a. Limited access to free health care in both mainland and small islands b. Absence of facilities for mentally ill patients c. Absence of rehabilitation facilities for Children in Conflict with the Law d. Parents lack knowledge on proper nutrition and caring for children e. High percentage of households without sanitary toilet facilities
6. Lack of support infrastructures 13. Infrastructure a. Poor condition of roads, bridges Development and networks b. Lack of business infrastructure for each barangay
7. Limited water supply 14. Water System Development and Watershed Management
8. Prevalence of criminal cases 15. Public safety and security a. Low police-population ratio b. Prevailing incidence of rape cases/violence against women and children
Geo-Environmental Risks Climate Change 1. Vulnerability to impacts of climate 16. Climate Change Adaptation and change and natural disasters Adaptation and Disaster Risk Disaster Risk a. Effects of climate change Management Reduction and b. Sea level rise Management c. Rising sea surface temperature d. Extreme weather events e. Residential areas at critical areas (riverbank, coastal areas, landslide prone areas)
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ECAN Program Major problem, issue, need, or ECAN Program sub- Component priority to be addressed component Cross-Cutting/Non-Zonal Issues 1. Lack of community involvement in i. Community resource management planning, Empowerment and decision making, policy formulation, Participatory Planning and implementation
Table 70. Sustainable Management Actions for identified threats/issues/problems identified in Taytay Municipality.
ECAN Program Sub-Component/ ECAN Geographic Time- Lead (Lo) and Action Zone Coverage Table Support Organization (So) ECAN ZONING 1. ECAN Mainstreaming and Institutionalization
Objective: to institutionalize ECAN-based management planning process in Taytay, and to adopt Taytay ECAN Zoning Plan and its management guidelines 1. Reconstitution and regular meeting Non- 2015- LO: LGU of the ECAN Board. The membership Zonal 2020 SO: PCSDS of the Board should be carefully studied and a balanced representation of stakeholders from marginalized sectors should be promoted. The Board may look into the inclusion of ―rights holders‖ and marginalized groups which may include sector representations from women, youth, indigenous peoples and indigenous cultural communities (IPs/ICCs), workers/trade unions/people‘s organizations (POs), and farmers and fishermen. 2. Passage of an ordinance adopting Non- 2015- LO: LGU, the Taytay ECAN Zoning Plan Zonal 2020 Sangguniang containing the ECAN Management Bayan Plan and ECAN Zones Management SO: PCSDS Guidelines. 3. Build-up of land use decision- Non- 2015- LO: MPDO, support system and database by the Zonal 2020 LGU Taytay LGU and Barangay offices. SO: PCSDS 4. Integration of ECAN Zoning Plan Non- 2015- LO: LGU with the CLWUP and passage of Zonal 2020 SO: MPDO, zoning ordinance integrating ECAN CLWUP-TWG, zones into local land uses. This activity PCSD involves the training of LGU planners on the integration of ECAN zoning into their CLWUP and accompanying zoning ordinance. 5. Delineation and adoption of the Non- 2015- LO: MAO, Coastal/Marine component of the Zonal 2020 MENRO ECAN Map. (See details in the next SO: LGU, Chapter, Section 7.3: Immediate PCSDS Activities.) 6. Implementation and periodic Non- 2015- LO: LGU updating of the ECAN Zoning Plan. Zonal 2020 SO: PCSDS 7. Integration of ECAN Management Non- 2015- LO: MPDO,
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ECAN Program Sub-Component/ ECAN Geographic Time- Lead (Lo) and Action Zone Coverage Table Support Organization (So) Program into the Annual and Medium Zonal 2020 LGU Term Investment Program of the SO: PCSDS Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP). 8. Proposal packaging to outsource Non- 2015- LO: LGU funds to support ECAN zoning project Zonal 2020 SO: PCSDS activities. 2. Boundary Delineation of Core Zones on the Ground
Main Objective: To establish markers on the ground (both land and waters) that will set the boundaries of Core zones for monitoring and compliance purposes 1. Conduct of ground surveys to verify All Zones Municipal Wide 2016 LO: LGU and establish the Core zone boundaries onwards SO: PCSDS on the ground based on the adopted ECAN Map.
2. Determination and assessment of the All Zones Municipal Wide 2016 LO: LGU viability (cost effectiveness, onwards SO: PCSDS maintenance, and practicability) of various types of markers such as physical monuments or living markers (distinctive tree or plant markers) for ―bio-fencing‖ or a combination of both. This may also require the selection of a fast-growing tree species that is suitable to the ecology of the area. 3. Putting up billboards and signage All Zones Municipal Wide 2016 LO: LGU near or going to the Core Zones (i.e., onwards SO: PCSDS mangrove/primary terrestrial forest areas) in lieu of other markers. 4. Mobilization and hands-on training Non- Municipal Wide 2016 LO: LGU of barangay volunteers in the staking Zonal onwards SO: PCSDS of markers on the ground (concrete markers or living markers in terrestrial core zones and buoys in coastal/marine core zones or MPA core zones) in a pre-selected pilot area. 5. Sourcing of funds and prioritizing of Non- Municipal Wide 2016 LO: LGU areas for ground marking, including Zonal onwards SO: PCSDS packaging of project proposal for funding by donor institutions. 6. Implementation of ―Project Ground Non- Municipal Wide 2016 LO: LGU Marking of Taytay Core Zones‖ Zonal onwards SO: PCSDS (mobilizing ideas, manpower, and funds to initiate the project). The initial implementation will cover priority areas (i.e., threatened core zone areas and biodiversity hotspots) and later expand to include other areas once enough resources are generated or sourced out. 7. Formulation of management plan Non- Municipal Wide 2016 LO: LGU and supervision of ―critical habitat‖ for Zonal onwards SO: PCSDS Philippine cockatoo and adoption of the same species as municipal flagship species under PCSD guidelines.
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ECAN Program Sub-Component/ ECAN Geographic Time- Lead (Lo) and Action Zone Coverage Table Support Organization (So) 3. Institutional Capacity Building
Objectives: (1) To strengthen the capability of established local organizations that will collaboratively implement ECAN Zoning and its guidelines and other environmental laws. (2) To strengthen environmental governance and promote fiscal prudence and management. 1. Conduct of IEC and social All Zones Municipal Wide 2016 LO: LGU mobilization activities to gain onwards SO: PCSDS stakeholders‘ support to ECAN zoning and other environmental laws. Conduct of information campaign at the barangay level using information materials developed by the Taytay ECAN Board, as assisted by PCSD Staff. The multimedia materials will include understanding of the ECAN zoning and how to implement it, environmental laws, the duties of the implementers, and the approach in implementation. Holding periodic environmental festivities (reforestation, coastal clean-up, fairs, environmental fiesta with song, dance, poster making, and slogan contests Educating teachers on ECAN zoning and integrating ECAN zoning and environmental education in the subjects of elementary, high school, and college students. Preparing and implementing an IEC Plan by the LGU Information Officer with details on the IEC priority thrusts, IEC approaches, and messages. 2. Capacity building through training Non- Municipal Wide 2016 LO: PCSD of the ECAN Board, Sangguniang Zonal onwards SO: LGU Bayan Environmental and Natural Resources Committee, Barangay Environmental and Natural Resources Committees, and partner organizations (DENR, PCSD, NCIP, and NGO) including deputized Wildlife Enforcement Officers, fish wardens, and forest rangers. Training on the following subjects is needed to gain knowledge and develop the skills of concerned personnel in the implementation of ECAN zoning: GIS mapping and GPS handling Skills training on alternative livelihoods Agroforestry technology Nursery management and operations
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ECAN Program Sub-Component/ ECAN Geographic Time- Lead (Lo) and Action Zone Coverage Table Support Organization (So) Surveillance, monitoring, and evaluation Paralegal training Wildlife enforcement officer training Assisted natural regeneration and enrichment planting IEC Plan preparation and implementation Reorientation seminar and workshop on SEP Law, environmental and natural resources laws and PCSD resolutions and guidelines Seminar on basic environmental principles and environmental ethics Marine mammal rescue Participatory assessment of coastal and terrestrial resources Other trainings that may be deemed necessary 3. Support to the reactivation and Non- Municipal Wide 2016 LO: MAO, organization of inactive people‘s Zonal onwards MCDO, MSWD organizations, women‘s organization, SO: LGU, and associations by farmers and PCSDS fisherfolks. 4. Policy Reforms
Main Objective: To introduce policy reforms and new laws and regulations to improve the effectiveness of ECAN zoning and it management programs 1. Introduction of changes in zoning Non- Municipal Wide 2016 LO: LGU, guidelines to adapt to new laws, Zonal onwards MPDO regulations and local development SO: PCSDS needs and situation. Every new national environmental law that is enacted should be reviewed by the ECAN Board with technical assistance from PCSD Legal Unit and PCSD DMO-North to determine their implications on ECAN zoning. New proposed local resolutions and ordinances should be reviewed first by the ECAN Board in terms of their implications to ECAN zoning before they are passed by the Sangguniang Bayan. 2. Updating of ECAN zones maps and All Zones Municipal Wide 2016 LO: LGU, information to capture changes taking onwards MPDO place in the localities. The maps given SO: PCSDS to the barangays may be used by the Barangay LGUs to update changes in their area and these will be verified and consolidated by the PCSDS every three years. 3. Identification of unclassified public All Zones Municipal Wide 2016 LO: LGU, forest lands which are ripe and suitable onwards MPDO
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ECAN Program Sub-Component/ ECAN Geographic Time- Lead (Lo) and Action Zone Coverage Table Support Organization (So) for reclassification and submission of SO: DENR, proposal to the Palawan First District PCSD Representative for enactment in Congress. Unclassified public forest lands which are below 18% in slope, do not harbor endangered plants and wildlife animals, and vegetated with grasslands or non-economically important brushlands may be suitable for land reclassification into A&D lands. 4. Crafting of policy recommendations Non- Municipal Wide 2016 LO: LGU, for local implementation. Zonal onwards MPDO While the ECAN zones management SO: Sangguniang guidelines lists the allowable uses of Bayan, PCSD various zonal types, there are some policy guidelines that need to be further clarified to avoid misinterpretation and confusion in their implementation. The following are a few proposed policy guidelines that have to be clarified to the stakeholders so that they are properly informed and the local government officials are able to implement them without any ambiguity. These guidelines will answer questions commonly raised by resource dependent communities and should therefore be included in information materials to be disseminated to them.
Building of new houses in forested areas and mangrove areas is disallowed Families occupying core zone areas will have to be resettled Further expansion of kaingin areas in forested areas is disallowed and kaingin areas within core and restricted use zones shall be abandoned by their tillers for rehabilitation Further expansion of orchards that will result in the clearing of forest trees is disallowed; orchards established in sloping areas (>18% slope) will not be allowed to be cut Removal of vegetation along river banks is disallowed Collection and transport of wildlife will require the issuance of permit from the PCSDS Extraction of salvage timber will require a permit from DENR Gathering of rattan in core zone is disallowed, unless for
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ECAN Program Sub-Component/ ECAN Geographic Time- Lead (Lo) and Action Zone Coverage Table Support Organization (So) use by IP in their tribal ancestral zones Gathering of rattan in commercial quantity in controlled use zone will require a permit from DENR Only those with permit from DENR shall be allowed to tap almaciga resin. Licenses to operate almaciga concession areas located within CADC or CALC areas should no longer be issued to non-ICC members and those on-going concessions owned by non- ICCs should no longer be renewed Exotic species of plants and animals will not be allowed to be introduced in rivers and coastal waters for rehabilitation purposes The issuance of permits for live fish harvesting shall be regulated under PCSD Administrative Order No. 5 All development projects and undertakings affecting the environment will require SEP Clearance, pursuant to PCSD Administrative Order No. 6 Poaching of wildlife is illegal under the Wildlife Act (Republic Act No. 9147) Caves and cave resources should be protected and managed, pursuant to Caves Act (Republic Act No. 9072) The use of chainsaws is strictly regulated, pursuant to Chainsaw Act (Republic Act No. 9175) Open pit dumping sites for wastes and burning of waste are prohibited under the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 9003) Quarrying in beaches is prohibited Operation of mining without permits is prohibited Easement and buffer zones shall be observed pursuant to the Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines Establishment of setback areas
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ECAN Program Sub-Component/ ECAN Geographic Time- Lead (Lo) and Action Zone Coverage Table Support Organization (So) along beaches and buffer zones in rivers.
5. Sustainable Financing
Main Objective: to develop various schemes of financing the implementation of ECAN strategy and the Management Program of the ECAN Zoning Plan. 1. Establishment of sustainable Non- Municipal Wide 2016 LO: Academe, financing modes and mechanisms to Zonal onwards LGU fund the implementation of ECAN SO: Sangguniang Zoning in partnership with PCSDS. Bayan, PCSD This may include studies on willingness-to-pay for visitors and may be used as a guide in setting user‘s fees on tourism sites.
Given the potential to generate the much needed funds to implement ECAN Zoning strategy and the Taytay ECAN Zoning Plan, the following activities should be undertaken:
Conduct of resource valuation studies to determine appropriate user fees and charges; identify taxation targets (e.g., concessionaires, raw material buyers and middlemen); devise policies and means to exempt the IPs and subsistence gatherers from taxation; and modes of collection and fund utilization. Set user charges and fees for ecotourism activities like SCUBA diving, island hopping, snorkeling, etc. Update user charges and fees for the use or extraction of the following natural resources: i. irrigation water ii. docking and mooring iii. non-timber forest products (almaciga resin, nipa, cogon, honey, bamboo, pandan, buri, ornamental plants (orchids) and medicinal plants) iv. live reef fish catching v. aquaculture (floating cages, fish cages, fish pens, etc) vi. pebble and sand quarrying Cost sharing or counterpart funding with concerned government agencies, NGOs, and the private sector in the implementation of ECAN zoning programs and activities 2. Preparation of financial plan and Non- Municipal Wide 2016 LO: MPDO mobilization of potential sources of Zonal onwards SO: Sangguniang
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ECAN Program Sub-Component/ ECAN Geographic Time- Lead (Lo) and Action Zone Coverage Table Support Organization (So) funds to implement ECAN strategy Bayan and ECAN Plan administration, particularly to support staffing, purchase of equipment and facilities, capacity building needed, monitoring and research, rehabilitation, enforcement, surveillance, and evaluation of performance. 3. Development of a system of fines Non- Municipal Wide 2016 LO: for all apprehensions whose proceeds Zonal onwards Sangguniang will be shared between the ECAN Bayan Board, the municipal treasury, and the SO: LGU informant/apprehender. This system should be legalized through municipal and barangay ordinances.
COMPONENT 1: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, GOOD GOVERNANCE, AND STEWARDSHIP
Objective: To conserve biodiversity, protect life-support systems, and use resources of Taytay wisely, and to encourage participation of and linkages among its people 6. Environmental Management and Law Enforcement Main Objective: To encourage community participation at the municipal and barangay levels to comply with ECAN zoning and its guidelines for the use of terrestrial and coastal/marine resources A. Deforestation due to illegal logging, timber poaching and kaingin farming 1. Strict enforcement of law and TMUZ, Municipal wide 2015 LO: continue initiative of LGU to stop TTUZ, onwards MLGU,BLGU illegal activities in the forest/timber TCUZ SO: PLGU, areas CENRO-DENR, PCSD, POs/CSOs 2. Provide funds for more Information Non-zonal Municipal wide 2015- LO: ECAN and Education Campaign (IEC) (e.g. 2020 Board discussion of Policies, Rules and SO: POs, Regulations in the community) Academe, BLGU, DENR- CENRO, NGOs, PCSD 3. Alternative livelihood Non-zonal Municipal wide On- LO: program/projects which are non- going MLGU/BLGU exploitative of natural resources SO: POs/CSOs, NGOs B. Over-exploitation of coastal/marine resources 1. Judicious implementation of existing CCZ, Taytay Bay and 2015 LO: MLGU, local fishery ordinance CMUZ Malampaya onwards BLGU Sound SO: DENR- CENRO, PCSD, BFAR, MAO, Coast Guard, Bantay Dagat ng Taytay, POs/CSOs, NGOs 2. Regular patrolling of boats CCZ, Taytay Bay and 2015 LO: CMUZ Malampaya onwards MLGU/BLGU, Sound Bantay-Dagat of Taytay,
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ECAN Program Sub-Component/ ECAN Geographic Time- Lead (Lo) and Action Zone Coverage Table Support Organization (So) SO: DENR- CENRO, BFAR, MAO, MENRO Coast Guard, POs/CSOs 3. Coral rehabilitation CMUZ Taytay Bay and 2015- LO: Malampaya 2020 BLGU/MLGU, Sound PCSDS, DENR, Bantay-dagat, SO: MEO, DOT, POs/CSO, 4. Alternative livelihood (more on Non-zonal Taytay Bay and On- LO: processing of marine resources such as Malampaya going MLGU/BLGU fish, crabs, etc. and also ecotourism) Sound SO: POs/CSOs, NGOs C. Over-exploitation of mangrove forest 1. Community organizing should be an Non-zonal Malampaya 2015- LO: integral part of the development and Sound and 2020 MLGU/BLGU rehabilitation of mangrove areas Municipal wide SO: DENR- CENRO, PCSD, NGOs, POs/CSOs 2. Mangrove rehabilitation CMUZ Malampaya 2015- LO: Sound and 2020 MLGU/BLGU Municipal wide SO: MENRO, PCSD, POs, CSO, DENR- CENRO D. Encroachment into the forests and forestlands within and outside protected areas 1. Regular and on-site validation of TCZ, Bgy. Abongan, 2015- LO: PASU, spatial aspects of PA's GMP TCUZ, Bgy. Alacalian, 2020 DENR-CENRO TMUZ, Bgy. Banbanan SO: LGU, PCSD, TTUZ Bgy. MENRO Liminangcong Bgy. Minapla Bgy. New Guinio Bgy. Old Guinio Bgy. Pancol Bgy. San Jose Bgy. Tumbod 2. Provision of concrete TMUZ, Municipal wide 2015- LO: LGU, MEO boundary/monuments/markers TTUZ 2020 SO: PLGU, DENR-CENRO 7. Waste Management
Main Objective: To provide a good solid waste management for the municipality 1. Provide funds for waste segregation Non-zonal Municipal wide 2015- LO: facilities 2020 MLGU/BLGU SO: DENR- CENRO, MAO, PCSD, NGOs, POs/CSOs 2. Provide additional garbage trucks Non-zonal Municipal wide 2015- LO: 2020 MLGU/BLGU SO: MENRO 3. Strict implementation of National Non-zonal Municipal wide 2015 LO:
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ECAN Program Sub-Component/ ECAN Geographic Time- Lead (Lo) and Action Zone Coverage Table Support Organization (So) Bldg./Sanitation Code onwards PLGU,MLGU,B LGU SO: POs/CSOs, DENR- CENRO, Business Sector, MHO 4. Relocate and discourage informal CMUZ, Coastal and 2015- LO: MLGU settlers/squatting both in coastal and TMUZ,TT Upland areas 2020 SO: MEO, upland areas UZ BLGU, NGOs, NHA, MSWD 5. Formulation of Solid Waste Non-zonal Municipal wide 2015 LO; MPDO, Management Plan onwards MLGU SO: MENRO, DENR-CENRO, PCSD, MAO, MEO, POs/CSOs COMPONENT 2: RIGHTS-BASED SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Main Objective: To empower communities and develop their capacities. To achieve local sustainable economic growth, and to ensure equity in resource access and benefits 8. Support to Agriculture
Main Objective: To achieve maximum yield of agricultural produce for both economic purposes and household consumption 1. Establish modern or new irrigation TMUZ, Barangay level On-going LO: LGU, MAO systems (DA) for areas with no TTUZ SO: POs, Private irrigation system Sector 2. Identify communities that are not All zones Municipal wide On-going LO: MAO being served by the existing livelihood SO: POs programs 3. Continue to subsidize for seeds and TMUZ, Municipal wide On-going LO: LGU, MAO organic fertilizers TTUZ SO: POs, Private Sector, DA 4. Encourage people's active All zones Municipal wide On-going LO: LGU, participation MSWD, MAO SO: POs 5. Gather baseline data and develop Non-zonal Municipal wide On-going LO: LGU planning document SO: MPDC 9. Livelihood, Community-Based Sustainable Tourism (CBST), and Community-Based Eco- Tourism (CBET) Tourism Development
Main Objective: To regulate tourism activities and the number of visitors according to the physical and biological carrying capacity of natural amenities without reducing their satisfaction and enjoyment and the income generated from tourism. A. High rate of unemployment 1. Provision of sustainable livelihood All zones Municipality On-going LO: LGU, wide MSWD, MAO SO: POs, Private Sector 2. Provide skills development trainings All zones Municipality On-going LO: POs, LGU wide SO: MSWD 3. Conduct job fairs All zones Municipality On-going LO: POs, LGU wide SO: MSWD B. Absence of Municipal Economic and Enterprise Development Office 1. Creation of ordinance for NON Municipality 2020 LO: LGU establishment of MEEDO and its ZONAL wide SO: MAO, MTO
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ECAN Program Sub-Component/ ECAN Geographic Time- Lead (Lo) and Action Zone Coverage Table Support Organization (So) organizational structure 2. Allocate budget for actualization NON Municipality 2020 LO: LGU of MEEDO ZONAL wide SO: Private Sector C. Lack of marketing strategy of Taytay as tourist destination 1. Strict implementation of the All zones Municipality On-going LO: LGU, PCSD allowable activities wide SO: POs, Private Sector 2. Improve or establish infrastructures TMUZ Municipality On-going LO: LGU, PCSD and establishments (i.e. visitor‘s wide SO: POs, Private facilities) Sector 3. Encourage people‘s active All zones Municipality On-going LO: LGU participation wide SO: MSWD 4. Organize fee system/payment TCZ, Barangay Level 2015 and LO: LGU, MTO system TCUZ, onwards SO: Private CCZ Sector 10. Sustainable Energy
Main Objective: To develop sustainable energy sources that would constantly provide for the municipality 1. Improve electric distribution lines to All zones Municipal wide 2015 and LO: PALECO meet the present and future onwards SO: LGU, requirements of all residents and Private Sector economic activities in the area 2. Encourage the establishment of All zones Municipal wide 2015 and LO: PALECO renewable power supply (solar panel onwards SO: LGU, and windmill) to serve as lighting Private Sector facilities in the island barangays and remotest barangay of the municipality 11. Support to Education
Main Objective: To improve assistance in providing quality education to the municipality A. Limited degree programs/course offerings that match the needs of the community 1. Community Needs Assessment to Non-zonal Municipal Wide 2018 LO: CHED, identify the skills needed by the Academe municipality SO: LGU, PSU, WPU, TESDA 2. Additional degree programs as Non-zonal Palawan State 2018 LO: CHED, identified in the CNA with University – Academe required facilities and tertiary Taytay; Western SO: LGU, PSU, teachers with expertise Palawan WPU, TESDA University – Taytay; TESDA B. Limited funds of students for education 1. Provide employment opportunities Non-zonal Municipal wide 2016 LO: DepEd, through SPES LGU-DepEd onwards LGU SO: MSWD 2. Continue support to MSWDO Non zonal Municipal wide 2016 LO: MSWD scholarship programs onwards SO: LGU, DepEd 12. Support to Health Care
Main Objective: To provide quality and efficient health care services that is readily available and accessible for the community A. Limited access to free health care in both mainland and small islands
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ECAN Program Sub-Component/ ECAN Geographic Time- Lead (Lo) and Action Zone Coverage Table Support Organization (So) 1. Addition of health facilities and Non-zonal Municipal wide 2018 LO: MHO personnel in Poblacion and small SO: LGU, islands private sector, MNAO 2. Provision of prenatal and post Non-zonal Municipal wide 2016 LO: MHO, natal check-ups, micronutrients, onwards MNAO and tetanus immunization SO: LGU, Northern Palawan Provincial Hospital 3. Creation of pre-maternal and post Non-zonal Each Barangay 2018 LO: MHO maternal health care centers SO: LGU B. Absence of facilities for mentally ill patients 1. Creation of at least 1 mental Non-zonal Poblacion 2018 LO: MSWD institution with staff (utilization of SO: MHO, LGU existing buildings/area in hospitals to serve as mental ward) C. Absence of rehabilitation facilities for Children in Conflict with the Law 1. Creation of at least 1 rehabilitation Non- Poblacion 2018 LO: MSWD facility (utilization of existing zonal SO: MHO, LGU, buildings to serve as rehabilitation MPS facility) with social workers D. Parents lack knowledge on proper nutrition and caring for children 1. Conduct training capability Non-zonal Municipal wide 2016 LO: MSWD, programs about parenting targeting onwards MNAO the parents of malnourished SO: MHO, LGU children E. High percentage of households without sanitary toilet facilities 1. Conduct information education Non-zonal Barangay 2016 LO: MHO, Brgy campaigns regarding proper onwards SO: LGU, PO sanitation
2. Provision of sanitary toilets (i.e. Non-zonal Barangay 2018 LO: MHO, Brgy porta-lets) SO: LGU, PO
13. Infrastructure Development
Main Objective: To deliver strong infrastructure construction and improve the existing facilities of the municipality A. Poor condition of roads, bridges and networks 1. Provide sufficient equipment and TMUZ Municipality On-going LO: LGU, funds for adequate development of wide Engineering efficient farm-to-market roads in order Office to facilitate the transport of agricultural SO: Private products from production areas to the Sector markets 2. Development of functionally related TMUZ Municipality On-going LO: Engineering and coordinated road networks systems wide Office with each component able to perform SO: Private its designated functions efficiently in Sector harmony with other functioning elements
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ECAN Program Sub-Component/ ECAN Geographic Time- Lead (Lo) and Action Zone Coverage Table Support Organization (So) 3. Continuous and proper maintenance TMUZ Municipality On-going LO: LGU, and improvement of the municipal wide Engineering roads, streets, and pathways in all Office settlements and activity centers SO: Private Sector 4. Establish a coastal road project for CMUZ Barangay level 2015 and LO: LGU, accessibility to and from the farthest onwards Engineering sitios/barangays of the municipality Office and construction of concrete barangay SO: Private roads in all barangays of the Sector municipality B. Lack of business infrastructure for each barangay 1. Encourage more investors to put up Non-zonal Municipality 2015 and LO: LGU business in the municipality wide onwards SO: Private Sector 14. Water System Development and Watershed Management
Main objective: To provide sustainable water supply for the whole municipality and improve the organizational structure of water district 1. Improve waterworks system and TCUZ Municipal wide 2015 and LO: MAO, expansion of all existing water system onwards Water District, in the area such as pipe system, Engineering artesian wells, etc. to assure Office continuous supply (for irrigation SO: Private system) Sector, POs 2. Strict preservation of watersheds TCUZ Municipality On-going LO: LGU, Water wide District SO: Private sector, POs 3. Effective law enforcement, Non-zonal Municipality On-going LO: LGU ordinances and other pertinent rules wide SO: Private and regulations sector, POs 4. Find an alternative sources of water TCUZ Municipality On-going LO: Barangay, wide LGU SO: Private Sector, POs 5. Potential Water Sources and TCUZ Municipality 2015 and LO: Brgy, LGU Watershed Declaration/Proclamation wide onwards SO: Private Sector 6. To update and finish CLUP/FLUP Non-zonal Municipality On-going LO: Brgy, LGU wide SO: MPDC, DENR 7. Barangay watershed adoption TCUZ Municipality 2015 and LO: DENR, wide onwards LWUA SO: POs 8. LGU/DENR/PCSD endorsement for TCUZ Municipality 2015 and LO: LGU, declaration/proclamation wide onwards DENR, PCSD, WD SO: Private Sector 9. Water rights assessment/approval All zones Municipality 2015 and LO: NWRB wide onwards SO: LGU, DENR 10. Acquisition of Water Rights and TCUZ Municipality 2015 and LO: LGU Waterworks wide onwards SO: Private Sector
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ECAN Program Sub-Component/ ECAN Geographic Time- Lead (Lo) and Action Zone Coverage Table Support Organization (So) 11. Prioritize domestic water use plan Non-zonal Municipality 2015 and LO: NWRB, wide onwards DENR, LGU SO: Private sector 12. Revoke private land titles TCUZ Municipality 2015 and LO: DENR enclosed watershed wide onwards SO: LGU 13. Rationalize/restructure the water TCUZ Municipality 2015 and LO: LGU, Brgy, supply sector wide onwards WD SO: POs 14. Sufficient financial assistance All zones Municipality 2015 and LO: National wide onwards Government SO: LGU 15. Requires adequate fund specially All zones Municipality 2015 and LO: National all waterless barangays with wide onwards Government, limited water sources or by PGU, LWUA, alternative water source in high DPWH cost of capital expenditures that SO: Private would be feasible through full- Sector grant funding 16. Establish a long-term water All zones Municipality 2015 and LO: LGU supply project wide onwards SO: Water District 17. Complete the "Salin-Tubig All zones Municipality 2015 and LO: LGU, PGU Program" wide onwards SO: POs 18. Develop all sources by gravity TCUZ Municipality 2015 and LO: LGU, WD wide onwards SO: POs, Private Sector 19. Limit pump/motor utilizing TCUZ Municipality 2015 and LO: LGU electricity/fuel for sustainable wide onwards SO: Water water system District, POs 20. Implement expansion plans in Non-zonal Municipality 2015 and LO: LWUA, phases as to keep in step with wide onwards WD, demand SO: LGU 21. To conform with the regulations Non-zonal Municipality 2015 and LO: Brgy, LGU and standards in Sec. 62 of PD 198 wide onwards SO: Private as amended sector, POs 15. Public Safety and Security
Main Objective: To decrease crime incidence through mobilization and training of existing and available manpower. A. Low Police-Population Ratio 1. Encourage people‘s participation Non-zonal Municipality On-going LO: Brgy, MPS, in maintaining peace and order in wide SO: LGU, POs the area through Information Education Campaign 2. Coordinative functions of units, Non-zonal Municipality On-going LO: Brgy, MPS, agencies, and organizations, in wide SO: LGU, POs providing protective services to the populace in the locality should be promoted 3. Logistical support, skills/capability Non-zonal Municipality On-going LO: Brgy, MPS, building of Barangay Tanods, wide SO: LGU, POs Bantay Palawan and Forest Protection Officer should be undertaken to be effective in the performance of their functions in
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ECAN Program Sub-Component/ ECAN Geographic Time- Lead (Lo) and Action Zone Coverage Table Support Organization (So) their areas of responsibility.
B. Prevailing incidence of rape cases/violence against women and children 1. Empowerment of women and Non-zonal Municipality 2016 LO: MSWDO, children through Information wide onwards MPS Education Campaign SO: LGU, POs COMPONENT 3: CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
Objective: To protect disaster risk areas and increase adaptive capacity of the municipality to climate change A. Effects of Climate change: sea level rise, rising sea surface temperature, and extreme weather events 1. Rehabilitation of mangrove forest CCZ, Malampaya 2015- LO: LGU, CMUZ Sound and 2020 DENR/CENRO Municipal wide SO: PCSD, MENRO, POs/CSOs 2. Coral reef rehabilitation CCZ, Taytay Bay and 2015- LO: CMUZ Malampaya 2020 BLGU/MLGU, Sound PCSDS, DENR, Bantay-dagat, SO: MEO, DOT, POs/CSO, 3. Provide plans and documents for Non-zonal Municipal wide 2015 LO: MLGU, disaster risk management onwards MPDO SO: PCSD, MDRRMC, BDRRMC, MSWD 4. Conduct disaster preparedness Non-zonal Municipal wide 2015 LO: trainings and action planning onwards MLGU/BLGU SO: MSWD, MDRRMC, BDRRMC B. Residential areas at critical areas (riverbank, coastal areas, landslides prone areas) 1. Provide housing project located in Non-zonal Barangay near 2015- LO: MLGU hazard free zones Coastal areas 2020 SO: MEO, BLGU, NGOs, NHA, MSWD CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES: Community Empowerment and Participatory Planning
Objective: To strengthen community involvement and participation in various issues, programs, and projects concerning the ECAN Zones A. Lack of community involvement in resource management planning, decision making, policy formulation, and implementation 1. Information Education Campaigns Cross- All Barangays 2015 LO: MPDC, and capability building seminars to cutting onwards PCSDS mobilize the community in the SO: MLGU, ecanization (planning and BLGU, PO, NGO implementation) 2. Organize stakeholders‘ meeting in Cross- All Barangays 2015 LO: MPDC, respective barangays or cutting onwards PCSDS communities SO: MLGU, BLGU, PO, NGO
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CHAPTER 7: ADMINISTRATION OF THE ECAN ZONING PLAN
7.1 ADMINISTRATOR AND IMPLEMENTER OF THE ECAN ZONING PLAN
This ECAN Zoning Plan is a stand-alone document prepared by the ECAN Board pursuant to the SEP Law and its guidelines. Its implementation is the joint responsibility of the LGU and PCSDS through the ECAN Board of the Municipality (PCSD Resolution 2005-250, Section 31). The ECAN Board is also the lead organization in charge of administering the ECAN Zoning Plan. The Chairperson of the ECAN Board shall act as the ECAN Zoning Plan Administrator. He/She may appoint a Deputy Plan Administrator who is qualified for the job and whose nature of work is related to ECAN Zoning. The PCSDS representative to the ECAN Board, the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officer (MENRO), the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator, and the other members of the ECAN Board shall constitute the ECAN Zoning Plan Advisory Body. They shall assist the Plan Administrator and Deputy Plan Administrator in the implementation of the EZP. The latest revised ECAN guidelines (PCSD Resolution 05-250) have addressed most of the institutional aspects of the issue. An important function devolved to LGUs in the Local Government Code (LGC) is the enactment of municipal or city zoning ordinance based in the formulated CLUP. The zoning ordinance and the CLUP are the primary bases for the future use of land resources (LGC, Section 20 (c)). The implementation of the ECAN Zoning Plan may include the following functions, some of which are detailed in the ECAN Management Programs in Chapter 5: 1. Policy formulation 2. Legislation 3. Setting up of permitting system 4. Monitoring 5. Other related activities
The implementation and institutionalization of the ECAN is led by the ECAN Board with support from the PCSD, PCSDS, and other public and private agencies. The following figure (Figure 33) shows the process of ECAN Zoning institutionalization that is centered on an ECAN-based CLWUP. In institutionalizing the ECAN in the Municipality of Taytay, the important factors to consider are the experience and expertise of land use planners, the political support of LGU, the continuity of the development programs, and a common grasp of the roles of both ECAN and CLUP in advancing the common good, maintaining the ecological balance, and promoting sustainable development.
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Figure 32. Institutionalization of the ECAN (Note: The boxed portion in red is the critical part of EZP Administration.)
7.2 IMMEDIATE ACTIVITIES
After formulation and approval of the Plan by the ECAN Board, the following activities are to be undertaken by the ECAN Board, with the assistance of the PCSDS.
ADOPTION OF THE ECAN ZONING PLAN
This activity requires the following sequential steps:
ECAN Board‘s endorsement of the Plan to the Sangguniang Bayan Public hearing in the Municipality of Taytay Adoption of the Plan by the Sangguniang Bayan and endorsement to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan Approval of the Plan by the PCSD
INTEGRATION OF THE ECAN ZONING PLAN WITH THE MUNICIPAL CLWUP
The ECAN Zoning Plan, as prepared by the ECAN Board in behalf of the LGU, shall serve as the general physical plan of the municipality. Thus, it shall be the basis of other planning activities, such as land use planning, tourism master planning and resource management planning as a whole (PCSD Resolution 05-250, Section 30).
The recommended process in the integration/harmonization of the Plan with the Municipal CLWUP is called INTEGRATE (incorporating the SEP and ECAN into Local Land Use Plans). The INTEGRATE process has six complementary steps (indicated in the figure below), not necessarily sequential in application, with four integration stages: physical integration, strategic integration, plan integration, and institutional integration. These steps are outlined in Annex F.
ADOPTION OF THE ECAN MAP FOR COASTAL/MARINE COMPONENT
This activity may involve the following the steps:
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Compilation of results of Coastal Resource Assessments (CRA) and Participatory CRA (PCRA) studies by the PCSDS and other institutions Compilation of existing functional and proposed MPA maps as candidates for coastal/marine ECAN Core Zones and Multiple use zones Consultation of major stakeholders (LGU,OMA,MFARMC,BFARMCs) As needed, further conduct of Coastal Resource Assessments (CRA) and PCRA in proposed/priority sites Public consultation on areas affected by Coastal/Marine ECAN Maps (priority on barangays with coastal Core zones) Presentation of the Coastal/Marine ECAN Map to the ECAN Board who will deliberate and endorse the map to the Sangguniang Bayan Adoption of the Coastal/Marine ECAN Map by the Sangguniang Bayan (with public hearing) and endorsement to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan Approval of the Map by the PCSD
7.3 POSSIBLE SOURCES OF FUNDS
Implementation of the components and activities of ECAN zoning will not be possible without the active participation of other concerned agencies such as PCSDS, DENR, DA, NCIP, PNP, and others. Civil society and the private sector are also expected to contribute to the implementation of ECAN Zoning in as much as the deterioration of the environment will directly affect their socioeconomic welfare and business profits, respectively. Tourism, fisheries, agriculture, and forestry are directly threatened by ecosystem and habitat degradation thereby affecting households and businesses dependent on natural resources as their source of employment and income.
The funds will not solely come from the LGU. Other cooperating organizations such as government agencies (DA, DENR, PCSDS, NCIP etc.), NGOs, and the private sector (resort owners, business establishments, etc.) will also be tapped to contribute their share in the implementation of ECAN zoning.
Other potential sources of funds may include the following: Share of the Province in the Malampaya funds Special lending windows for environment of the Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP), Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP), and other private banks Shell Philippines Exploration (SPEX) grant for sustainable development projects Malampaya Foundation grant for sustainable development projects On-going and pipeline foreign-assisted projects of DENR, DA, and other government agencies Bilateral and multi-lateral donor institutions such as JICA, the World Bank, ADB, AusAID, USAID, UNDP, GEF (Table 65 lists the multilateral and bilateral funding agencies which can be tapped for environment and sustainable development programs and projects.) Foreign embassies and international foundations and NGOs Local foundations and NGOs Philanthropic organizations (local and international)
Table 71. List of potential foreign funding organizations
Bilateral Multilateral Australian Agency for International Asian Development Bank (ADB) Development (AusAID) Canadian International Development European Union (EU) Agency (CIDA) Danish International Development Agency Global Environment Facility (GEF)
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(DANIDA) Development Fund for International International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (DFID) Development (IBRD-World Bank) German Society for International International Financing Corporation (IFC) Cooperation, Ltd. (GIZ) Japan International Cooperation Agency International Fund for Agricultural (JICA) Development (IFAD) New Zealand Agency for International United Nations Development Programme Development (NZAID) (UNDP) Swedish International Development United Nations Food and Agriculture Agency (SIDA) Organization (UNFAO) United States Agency for International United Nations Environment Programme Development (USAID) (UNEP) Netherlands Embassy British Embassy
Activities involving large sums of expenditures such as ecosystem rehabilitation, sustainable livelihood projects, ground marking of ECAN zones, and law enforcement may be submitted for foreign funding through NEDA administered Official Development Assistance (ODA) portfolio or through the Global Environment Facility (GEF) fund. To avail foreign funding support through Official Development Assistance (ODA), the proponent LGU should identify the Country Program Priorities of the donor agencies and match them with the needs of the locality. The next step is to prepare project proposal for funding assistance in consultation and with the collaboration of partner agencies such as DENR, DA, and others. The proposal is then submitted to NEDA for consideration under its ODA program.
Being one of its kind of undertaking that will employ the management of ECAN zones on the ground using a combination of various actions will possibly draw the interest and support of international funding agencies because of the potential local and global replication of such techniques. The successful implementation of ECAN strategies that will be developed can be applied in other areas in the country and abroad in sustainably managing communities and protected areas.
One of the possible international donor institutions that can be approached for this undertaking is the UNDP which administers, together with the World Bank, the GEF fund in the form of grant. Likewise, the European Union which had supported a lot of projects on Protected Areas in Palawan may possibly consider funding selected activities of the Rehabilitation Component for Taytay,
Management of the coastal/marine component of ECAN zones may be supported by resort owners considering the impacts of their activities in these areas.
7.4 MONITORING AND EVALUATION Monitoring and evaluation of plans, programs, and projects prescribed in this Plan shall be undertaken annually after its adoption by the Sangguniang Bayan. The ECAN Board, assisted by the PCSDS, shall perform a self-assessment to gauge the efficiency and transparency of the administration and management of the ECAN resources and implementation of the ECAN Zoning Plan. The constituted Monitoring Team shall recommend the proper management effectiveness assessment tool to the ECAN Board. It may develop and customize performance evaluation criteria and indicators for the purpose. The Monitoring Team may use existing evaluation tools developed in other management areas, particularly those used in similar settings in Palawan. Since the
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Taytay ECAN Resource Management Plan 2015 province of Palawan belongs to the network of biosphere reserves inscribed by UNESCO, the assessment tools developed for island biosphere reserves can be used in assessing the management effectiveness of the ECAN Zoning Plan of Taytay. The monitoring protocol shall include test of sustainability of programs and projects under the ECAN Zoning Plan which shall cover determination of whether targets have been completed and assessment of the following aspects of implemented projects:
Economic Viability Ecological Viability Technological Viability Technological Viability Socio-cultural Viability Political Viability Institutional Viability Ideally, the tool should also determine the impact of the SEP and ECAN to the stakeholders of Taytay.
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REFERENCES
Acos, R. L., et al. (2014). Terms of Reference: Updating the Ecological Profile of the Municipality of Bauko, Mt. Province.Los Baños:University of the Philippines. Department of Environment and Natural Resources – Community Environment and Natural Resources Office. (2014). Forest Land Use Plan. Taytay, Palawan. Department of Environment and Natural Resources – Community Environment and Natural Resources Office. (2012). General Management Plan for Malampaya Sound Protected Landscape and Seascape. Taytay, Palawan. Department of Environment and Natural Resources-Environmental Management Bureau. (n.d.). Agenda 21. Retrieved from http://emb.gov.ph/eeid/philagenda.htm on May 28, 2015. DILG.(n.d.). Guide to ecological profiling. Retrieved on March 6, 2014 from http://www.dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/reports/DILG-Reports-2011718491fe6b178.pdf Erwing, et al. (2010). The ecological footprint atlas. Felstead, M. (n.d).Coastal Resource Management Ulugan Bay, Palawan Island. Retrieved
March 5, 2015 from http://www.unesco.org/csi/act/ulugan/ulugan4.htm Global Footprint Network (2014). Footprint Basics. http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/footprint_basics_overvi ew/. Retrieved June 1, 2015. Guiang E. and Harker B. (n.d).Participatory Planning and Management in Philippines Community-Based Forestry. Kumar, K. (1987). Conducting focus group interviews in developing countries. A.I.D. Program Design and Evaluation Methodology Report No. 8. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Agency for International Development Municipality of Kalayaan, Palawan. (2008). Resource Assessment, Kalayaan Island Group, Kalayaan, Palawan: Final Report. Retrieved March 6, 2015 from http://adroth.ph/afpmodern/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/B.J-GONZALES.pdf Municipality of Taytay. (1999). Comprehensive Land Use Plan (1999-2009). Taytay, Palawan Municipality of Taytay (2010). Municipal Coastal Resource Management Plan (2010- 2014). Taytay, Palawan Municipal Planning and Development Council. (2011). Community Based Management Survey. Taytay, Palawan Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office. (2015). Gender and Development Plan. Taytay, Palawan Municipal Tourism Office. (2013). Taytay Tourism Development Plan. Taytay, Palawan National Statistical Coordination Board.(n.d.).In PSGC Interactive. Retrieved February 17, 2015, from http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?regName= REGION+IVB+%28MIMAROPA%29®Code=17&provCode=175300000&pr ovName=PALAWAN
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Official Website of the Provincial Government of Palawan - Every Island is an Adventure. (n.d.). Retrieved March 6, 2015, from http://www.palawan.gov.ph/history.php Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Staff. (2006). Baseline Report on Coastal Resources for Taytay, Municipality, Palawan Council for Sustainable Development, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan. Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Staff. (2006). Fauna Survey Report for Taytay Municipality. Palawan Council for Sustainable Development, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan. Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Staff. (2006). Flora Survey and Biodiversity Assessment for Core Zoning Municipality of Taytay. Palawan Council for Sustainable Development, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan.Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (1993).R.A. 7611: Amended Rules and Regulations implementing the strategic environmental plan for Palawan act. Palawan.(n.d.).In Wikipedia. Retrieved February 15, 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palawan#Subdivisions Philippine Statistics Authority, National Statistics Office (2010).2010 Census of Population and Housing.Retrieved March 3, 2015, from http://web0.psa.gov.ph/sites/default files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/MIMAROPA.pdf Quilao, P. J., et al. (2014). Terms of Reference: Resource Mapping Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) for EcologicalProfiling in Banaue, Ifugao.LosBaños:University of the Philippines. Salao, C. (2005). El Nido: Working Together for Environmental Law Enforcement: A Case Study on the Philippines. Quezon City, Philippines: WWF-Philippines Sandalo, R. and Baltazar T. (1997).The Palawan Biosphere Reserve Philippines. Retrieved February 16, 2015 from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0010/001092/109211Eo.pdf. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (2015).UNESCO World Heritage Sites.Retrieved March 2, 2015 from http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (1992). Agenda 21. Retrieved from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.php?page=view&nr=23&type=400 on May 28, 2015. World Bank.(n.d.).Stakeholder Analysis: What is Stakeholder Analysis.[Brochure].Retrieved from:http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/anticorrupt/PoliticalEconomy/PDF Version.pdf. World Bank Group (2012). When do participatory development projects work? Retrieved from http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2012/11/14/when-do- participatory-development-projects-work World Commission on Environment and Development (1987).Our Common Future.Oxford University Press.
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ANNEX
Annex A: Summary Documentation of ECAN Planning Workshop
Annex B: Workshop Design for ECANizing Taytay
Annex C: Questionnaires for Key Informant Interview
Annex D: Attendance Sheets
Annex E: Computation for the Eco-footprint
Annex H: Incorporating SEP ECAN into CLWUP
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Annex A: Summary Documentation of the ECAN Planning Workshop in Taytay
The ECAN planning workshop for the municipality of Taytay was held on April 29-30, 2015 at the Municipal Conference Room. The event was attended by different Barangay captains, municipal department heads and Mayor Romy Salvame. It was facilitated by the PCSD staff and five UPLB students. The first day of the workshop included the discussion of ECAN 101 and the ECAN map validation. To start the event, Engr. Raul Maximo, the facilitator, welcomed guests and participants in the workshop and introduced Hon. Mayor Romy Salvame for opening remarks. After that, Sir Mark, a PCSD staff, discussed about the Strategic Environmental Plan (SEP) for Palawan and a general knowledge about the ECAN. Then, the municipal ECAN maps were validated by subdividing the participants into three clusters of the barangays grouped according to their geographical location. The three clusters are: 1) Brgys Covered by Malampaya Sound Protected Landscape and Seascape 2) Eastern Barangays, and 3) Barangays Pamantolon to Sandoval. Each cluster was supervised by a PCSD staff and UPLB student to facilitate the mapping activity. Through the use of a boundary map of the Taytay, the participants identified the existing zones (core, buffer, multiple use) of the land and water resources of the barangays they were assigned. They marked their proposed correction on the map using colored pens. For the second portion of the workshop, Dir. Nelson Devanadera talked about the richness and beauty of Palawan. An open forum was initiated where some of the audience raised questions, suggestions and information about the reality of Taytay. After that, a representative of each cluster reported and discussed the results of the mapping activity in order to validate them to all the participants. On the second day of the workshop, the municipal profile and threats analysis were presented by the five UPLB students. Along the discussion, questions, suggestions and clarifications were accepted. Due to the absence of some of the department heads, it was agreed to do Key Informant Interview with the respective department heads in order to prioritize the threats and actions identified in the municipality.
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Annex B: Workshop Design for ECANizing Taytay Participatory ECAN Zones Management Planning
I. Rationale
The ECAN Resource Management Plan (ERMP) is a stand-alone document prepared by the Municipal ECAN Board with the assistance of Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD) Staff pursuant to the Republic Act NO. 7611 (SEP Law) and its guidelines. Its primary objective is to guide the long-term sustainable management of the municipality-adopted ECAN Zones. It uses the ridge-to-reef general strategy of ECAN and applies it strategically over and above other existing planning frameworks. It shall serve as the general physical plan of every municipality or city. Thus, it shall be the basis of other planning activities, such as land use planning, tourism master planning, and resource management planning as a whole. The implementation of the ERMP is the joint responsibility of the local government unit (LGU) and PCSD Staff through the ECAN Board which is created to act in its city of municipal jurisdiction in the same way the PCSD governs SEP concerns at the provincial level.
The formulation, implementation and institutionalization of the ERMP, as well as its integration into the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP), requires the strong support of the LGU and all concerned stakeholders. Its integration into the CLUP must be a participatory process. The CLUP needs to be compliant not only to the policies prescribed by the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) and the rules and regulations under the Local Government Code of 1991 (LGC or Republic Act No. 7160) but to the SEP and its policies as well.
The LGC mandates the LGU to co-manage with the state the environment and natural resources within the LGU‘s administrative boundary. One important function devolved by the state to LGUs is the enactment of municipal or city zoning ordinance based on the formulated CLUP. The zoning ordinance and the CLUP are the primary bases for the future use of land resources. The formulation of the ERMP is major step toward harmonizing and aligning the provisions of the SEP into the CLUP.
As highlighted, the implementation of the ERMP is a joint responsibility of local government unit (LGY) and PCSD Staff through the ECAN Board. The composition of the ECAN Board is practically the LGU with some representatives from other sectors. Its operationalization in the whole province had been signalled since 1994 with the issuance of PCSD Res. 94-144, the Guidelines of the ECAN implementation and later on, in 2005 amended via PCSD Res. No. 05-250. Since then, the operations had been relatively distinct in each of the municipalities. While mandate and functions had been cited in the guideline and more explicitly in the 2005 issuance of AO 10, various municipalities operate differently in terms of composition, functions, and intensity.
With the demands brought about by recent developments, the current PCSD leadership intends to strengthen and empower the ECAN Boards. This is well emphasized in the proposed amendment of the SEP Clearance System (PCSD AO 6) where functions of the ECAN Board is highlighted such that it is given more authority in endorsing/approving projects and more independent in its decision-making processes. Consequently, the PCSD AO 10 that instituted the ECAN Board shall likewise be amended accordingly.
II. Objectives and Output
In the 1.5-day municipal workshop for ECAN Resource Management Plan, stakeholders, particularly those from local government units, civil society organizations, indigenous peoples‘ organizations, business, and the academe, will:
1. Validate the adopted Taytay ECAN Map in light of new information in Taytay 2. Develop the Taytay ECAN Resource Management Plan (ERMP); and 3. Discuss steps in formulating Ecanized Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plan (E-CLWUP) and Ecanized Zoning Ordinance (E-ZO).
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III. Participants
Participants will be ECAN Board Members. They represent the broad range of stakeholders including local executives, heads of the municipal agencies, Sanggunian Bayan Representatives, people‘s organization, business sector, and enforcement officers, among other stakeholders.
IV. Program, Objectives and Methods Time Session Title/ Method Resource Objectives and Topics Person/Facilitator DAY 1: Wednesday, 29 April 2015 Morning Registration of Participants PCSD District 8:00-8:30 Management Office (DMO) Staff 8:30-8:40 Opening Rites Prayer and PCSD Staff To formally open the 1.5-day workshop with a Philippine prayer and the Philippine National Anthem National Anthem 8:40-9:00 Opening Message Talk Hon. Romy Salvame To welcome the participants and give the Mayor speakers‘ thoughts on the significance of the ECAN Resource Management Plan to the municipality 9:00-9:15 Introduction to the Workshop and Talk with Ma. Christina D. Participants slides Rodriguez To explain workshop objectives, process and presentation Overall Facilitator program To introduce the Consultation organizers (PCSD) To introduce the participants and sectors represented 9:15-9:30 SEP: Why It Matters to Us (with emphasis on Talk with Nelson P. ECAN strategy, ECAN Board, and ECAN slides Devanadera Zoning Plan) presentation Executive Director To understand and appreciate the SEP Palawan Council for framework and the ECAN strategy and their Sustainable importance to spatial land use planning, Development Staff including: Overview situation of sustainable development and biodiversity and ecosystem values in Taytay; Importance of ECAN Board and ERMP in relation to critical ecological, economic, socio- cultural and institutional challenges in Palawan. 9:30-10:30 ECAN 101: The Palawan Strategy Talk with Ryan T. Fuentes slides Planning Officer From ECAN Map to ECAN Resource presentation PCSD Management Plan: A Physical Framework and handouts for Municipal Sustainable Development To understand and appreciate the SEP ECAN as a standard of municipal sustainable development. Topics include: ECAN zones components ECAN zones criteria ECAN zones allowable and prohibited uses ECAN zones strategies ECAN Resource Management Plan (ERMP) and its integration into municipal CLWUP Ecanization for SD Open Forum 10:30-12:00 Validation of Municipal ECAN Map Brief Cluster 1: presentation Mark Ace Dela Cruz The participants will be divided according to with slides Lucille Garagara
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Time Session Title/ Method Resource Objectives and Topics Person/Facilitator clustered barangays. Three (3) groups will be UPLB Intern determined spatially: Cluster 2: Cluster 1 – Brgys Covered by Malampaya Raul Maximo Sound Protected Landscape and Seascape Luigi Lubrico Cluster 2 – Eastern Barangays UPLB Intern Cluster 3 – Barangays Pamantolon to Sandoval Cluster 3: Please see Map validation workshop mechanics Banjamin Adriano (Appendix E-4) Janet Felizarte UPLB Intern The participants will: Understand the various ECAN zones, the criteria for delineating each zone, and the prescribed activities for each zone Examine the correctness of the ECAN Zones Map of their barangay and verify their correctness. Mark using colored pens their proposed correction on the map Fill-out a form tabulating the code or number of marked correction and the descriptions of the corrections or suggestions To present and open for discussion/deliberation the identified zones in the ECAN map of the municipality; To come up with follow-on activities/steps for the completion of the mapping process 12:00-1:00 Lunch Break Cont’n Validation of Municipal ECAN Map 1:00-2:00 The participants will be divided according to clustered barangays. Three (3) groups will be determined spatially:
Cluster 1 – Cluster 2 – Cluster 3 –
Please see Map validation workshop mechanics (Appendix E-4)
The participants will: Understand the various ECAN zones, the criteria for delineating each zone, and the prescribed activities for each zone Examine the correctness of the ECAN Zones Map of their barangay and verify their correctness. Mark using colored pens their proposed correction on the map Fill-out a form tabulating the code or number of marked correction and the descriptions of the corrections or suggestions To present and open for discussion/deliberation the identified zones in the ECAN map of the municipality; To come up with follow-on activities/steps for the completion of the mapping process 2:00-3:30 Presentation and Open Forum Presentation Assigned Rapporteur The participants will present the validated of Maps per barangay cluster ECAN maps of each clustered barangay.
3:30-5:00 Presentation of the Municipal Stocktaking UPLB Interns Results
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Time Session Title/ Method Resource Objectives and Topics Person/Facilitator Participants will:
-Understand and appreciate the situational analysis of Taytay based on studies and plans, specifically on:
-Priority Issues/Threats and why these were identified as priorities (What and Why)
-Recommended, Baselines, Actions, Responsible Entities and Time Frame (How, Who, When)
Day 2: Thursday, 30 April 2015 8:00-8:15 Registration of Participants PCSD DMO Staff 8:15-8:30 Recapitulation of Day 1 Ma. Christina D. The participants will be reminded of the Rodriguez activities and accomplishment of the previous Overall Facilitator day. 8:30-11:00 Action Planning Workshop Meta Cards, Sector 1 (Economic): The participants will validate inputs and Manila paper, Mark Ace Dela Cruz recommendations for municipal level priorities Markers Lucille Garagara and actions; including current or proposed UPLB Interns policies, programs and projects that can be integrated in these actions. Sector 2 (Socio- Institutional): Four sectoral groups will be formed: Raul Maximo Environmental, Economic, and Socio- Luigi Lubrico Institutional. A rapporteur will be assigned to UPLB Interns present the findings of each sector. (see Appendix E-5) Sector 3 (Environmental): Benjamin Adriano Janet Felizarte 11:00-11:30 Presentation of Results and Open Forum Assigned Rapporteur The participants will be able to present per Sector highlights of results in each sector. 11:30-12:00 E-CLUP and E-ZO Ryan Fuentes The participants will discuss next steps in Planning Officer, formulating the Ecanized Comprehensive Land PCSD and Water Use Plan (E-CLWUP) and Ecanized Zoning Ordinance (E-ZO) 12:00-12:15 Closing Messages Members of ECAN Board 10:30- Validation of Municipal ECAN Map Brief Cluster 1: 12:00 The participants will be divided according to presentation Mark Ace Dela Cruz clustered barangays. Three (3) groups will be with slides Lucille Garagara determined spatially: UPLB Intern
Cluster 1 – Brgys Covered by Malampaya Cluster 2: Sound Protected Landscape and Seascape Raul Maximo Cluster 2 – Eastern Barangays Luigi Lubrico Cluster 3 – Barangays Pamantolon to Sandoval UPLB Intern
Please see Map validation workshop mechanics Cluster 3: (Annex D) Banjamin Adriano Janet Felizarte The participants will: UPLB Intern Understand the various ECAN zones, the criteria for delineating each zone, and the prescribed activities for each zone Examine the correctness of the ECAN Zones Map of their barangay and verify their correctness. Mark using colored pens their proposed correction on the map
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Time Session Title/ Method Resource Objectives and Topics Person/Facilitator Fill-out a form tabulating the code or number of marked correction and the descriptions of the corrections or suggestions To present and open for discussion/deliberation the identified zones in the ECAN map of the municipality; To come up with follow-on activities/steps for the completion of the mapping process 12:00-1:00 Lunch Break Cont’n Validation of Municipal ECAN Map 1:00-2:00 The participants will be divided according to clustered barangays. Three (3) groups will be determined spatially:
Cluster 1 – Cluster 2 – Cluster 3 –
Please see Map validation workshop mechanics (Appendix E-4)
The participants will: Understand the various ECAN zones, the criteria for delineating each zone, and the prescribed activities for each zone Examine the correctness of the ECAN Zones Map of their barangay and verify their correctness. Mark using colored pens their proposed correction on the map Fill-out a form tabulating the code or number of marked correction and the descriptions of the corrections or suggestions To present and open for discussion/deliberation the identified zones in the ECAN map of the municipality; To come up with follow-on activities/steps for the completion of the mapping process 2:00-3:30 Presentation and Open Forum Presentation Assigned Rapporteur The participants will present the validated of Maps per barangay cluster ECAN maps of each clustered barangay.
3:30-5:00 Presentation of the Municipal Stocktaking UPLB Interns Results
Participants will: -Understand and appreciate the situational analysis of Taytay based on studies and plans, specifically on: -Priority Issues/Threats and why these were identified as priorities (What and Why) -Recommended, Baselines, Actions, Responsible Entities and Time Frame (How, Who, When) Day 2: Thursday, 30 April 2015 8:00-8:15 Registration of Participants PCSD DMO Staff 8:15-8:30 Recapitulation of Day 1 Ma. Christina D. The participants will be reminded of the Rodriguez activities and accomplishment of the previous Overall Facilitator day. 8:30-11:00 Action Planning Workshop Meta Cards, Sector 1 (Economic): The participants will validate inputs and Manila paper, Mark Ace Dela Cruz recommendations for municipal level priorities Markers Lucille Garagara and actions; including current or proposed UPLB Interns policies, programs and projects that can be integrated in these actions. Sector 2 (Socio-
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Time Session Title/ Method Resource Objectives and Topics Person/Facilitator Institutional): Four sectoral groups will be formed: Raul Maximo Environmental, Economic, and Socio- Luigi Lubrico Institutional. A rapporteur will be assigned to UPLB Interns present the findings of each sector. (see Appendix E-5) Sector 3 (Environmental): Benjamin Adriano Janet Felizarte 11:00-11:30 Presentation of Results and Open Forum Assigned Rapporteur The participants will be able to present per Sector highlights of results in each sector. 11:30-12:00 E-CLUP and E-ZO Ryan Fuentes The participants will discuss next steps in Planning Officer, formulating the Ecanized Comprehensive Land PCSD and Water Use Plan (E-CLWUP) and Ecanized Zoning Ordinance (E-ZO) 12:00-12:15 Closing Messages Members of ECAN Board
Annex B-2: Participants by Clustered Barangay
(ECAN Map Validation) Office Name Cluster 1
Cluster 2
Cluster 3
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Appendix B-3: Participants by Sector (Needs, Threats, and Opportunities validation)
Sector Office Economic SB Chairman Committee on Infrastructure Municipal Agriculturist Officer Municipal Engineering Officer MFARMC BFARMC MAFC Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator Municipal Tourism Officer Municipal Budget Officer CSO Environment CENRO SB Chairman, Committee on Environment Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officer Bantay Dagat Municipal Accountant SB Chairman, Committee on Appropriation Climate Change Focal Person Social ABC President IP/PO Rep PNP SB Chairman Committee on Laws Municipal Economic and Enterprise Development Officer Business Sector Representative Municipal Cooperative Development Officer Department of Education Supervisor Municipal Treasurer MLGOO Municipal Social Welfare and Development Officer
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Annex B-4: Workshop Materials
Materials Status 1. Presentation c/o resource persons 2. Maps (ECAN over lay with CBFM Areas, c/o GIS unit (PCSD and Taytay) CADC, PA, MPAs, Fish sanctuaries, watersheds, etc, proposed/old CLUP) 3. Coloured Pens, Acetate (map size), Permanent markers, Meta Cards, Name Tags 4. Projector 5. Matrices (Needs, Threats and Opportunities) c/o UPLB Interns (LGU initiatives) 6. Venue (Office given to PCSD, SB Lobby, LGU c/o DMO Conference Room) 7. Food LGU c/o DMO 8. Kits c/o Mark Ace Dela Cruz and Cherry Jalover a. Prescribed allowable and non-allowable activities b. Pen c. Paper
Annex B-5 Stakeholders' Validation Workshop Municipality of Taytay ECAN Zones Map
Workshop Mechanics 3. Each barangay will be provided with ECAN map of its area. Whenever practical, 2 to 4 small adjoining barangays will share and correspondingly evaluate the same map. 4. Copies of Land Cover Map with topographic overlay will be posted for reference by all participants 5. Participants will be pre-assigned into clustered barangay and will assign a rapporteur to present the findings. 6. Representative from PCSDS-GIS, Planning Division and DMO will be available to assist the Barangay representatives in evaluating the ECAN Zones Maps. 7. The participants will be instructed to do the following: c. Examine the ECAN zones Map of their Barangays and verify their correctness in terms of: i. areas mapped as core zones which are titled or privately owned; ii. core zones which are heavily settled (more than 20 houses per cluster); iii. core zones whose boundary overlaps with the boundary of poblacion (barangay center) based on approving zones; iv. areas mapped as multiple use zones CADCs or CADTs; v. coastal areas mapped as multiple use zone whose boundary overlaps with declared marine sanctuary vi. primary forests which were not mapped as core zones; and vii. other mapping discrepancies. Please note that the conflicts between the ECAN zones and their proposed land use is subject to PCSD evaluation and will not be reflected in the updating/finalization of the ECAN Zones map until properly verified, confirmed and approved.
d. The participants will mark using contrast colored pens, their proposed correction on the map. Given to them. In making their corrections, they will also fill out a form which tabulates the code or number of the correction marking and the description of the correction or suggestions. e. The rapporteur will make a 10-minute oral presentation of the group output after the map validation session. f. The PCSD-GIS and Planning Division will collect the maps and tables and evaluate the validity of the map comments based on approved guidelines.
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Palawan Council for Sustainable Development and ECAN Zoning Component ECAN ZONES MAP VALIDATION WORKSHOP Municipality of Taytay, Palawan 29 April 2015 Disagreement Areas
Bilang Barangay ECAN Suggested Dahilan kung bakit Action Taken Zone Zone hindi sang-ayon (Accept/ Reject/ for Validation)
Annex B-6 Palawan Council for Sustainable Development Sustainable Action Planning Workshop Breakout Group Discussion Guide
OBJECTIVES For each Breakout Group (BG), the group participants will: 1. Validate the problem causal analysis and agree on the priority threats for each sector with inputs and information from local contexts; 2. Recommend Actions, Applicable ECAN Zones and Barangay/Sitio Coverage for Each Action, Timetable, and Lead & Support Entities using the draft Results Framework.
PARTICIPANTS and BREAKOUT GROUPS Member of ECAN Board representing indigenous peoples and nongovernmental organizations, local government official, academe, business sector, mass media, and others. Breakout Groups: A-1 Economic Sector 1 (Tourism and Infrastructure) A-2 Economic Sector 1 (Fisheries and Agriculture) B Socio-Institutional (Education, Disaster Risk Preparedness, Governance, IP) B Environmental Sector (Forest and watershed, Coastal and Marine)
Each breakout group will have: >Facilitator >Documenter >Resource Person(s)
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Time Activity/Key Questions Additional notes on process (1.5 hrs) 1. Base on the list, what threats Metacards (Technology of matter most or of high priority Participation)/ Digital editable to your barangay? Are there slides and Open Discussions other critical threats in your barangay? Do they occur in Facilitator requests for a other barangays too? Where? volunteer rapporteur for plenary The documenter should be able reporting, from among to put the priorities into excel participants. format (see Matrix 1 below). Participants are asked to validate the identified threats 2. Do you agree with the based on KII and recent studies. suggested Sustainable On metacards, write other Development Actions to address critical threats. these threats? If not, what key actions should be done to Discussion: address the priority issue/threat? 1. Identify and Note the Source Try to limit to 3 strategic and of Information - report, agency, doable actions each priority person, organization - for the threat. questions. These should help the team to verify or follow-up the NOTE: Actions should be information later. sustainable 2. Identify priority threats for and validate given priority Criteria for SD actions actions A. High impact and cost- effective -Facilitator and Documenter use B. SMART prepared list of actions and C. Ecologically viable metacards if added actions are D. Socially acceptable necessary. Facilitator goes E. Holistic in approach through each Priority Issue/Threat for the sector and 3. Is the action zonal/spatial asks the Participants to give (can be located on the ground) their answers to the Questions 2 or non-zonal (cannot be located to 6 in sequence. on the ground)? -One participant will start and 3a. If the action is/zonal, what is others will build on this or add a zone under the ECAN system? new key action and target. NOTE: Zonal actions are actions that fall within any one several specific zones in any of the three ECAN Components: terrestrial, coastal/marine, and tribal ancestral lands. The assignment of ECAN zones will be based on allowable and prohibited uses per ECAN zone as specified in the ECAN policies and guidelines. 4. What is the geographic coverage of the action? Note: The coverage is barangay; sitio; any special management areas or management unit (identify specific protected areas, mountain range, island, wetland, cave, river, watershed, etc.) 5. When is the appropriate time for the action to be implemented, within 2015-
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Time Activity/Key Questions Additional notes on process 2020? Identify Timeframe from start to finish. Note: The prioritized Actions (and corresponding results) are desired to be completed within 2015-2020 (the initial 6 years). 6. Who are the responsible and lead entities for these Actions? 7. Note: An entity can be an organization, agency, institution, or a stakeholder group. Facilitator summarizes the main Summary and Closing of headings of the BG Discussion Breakout Group Discussions (which will be a guide for the group report in plenary).
Facilitator thanks all participants, documenter and resource persons for a productive discussion. Facilitator announces the resumption of Plenary session.
Matrix 1
ACTION ECAN GEOGRAPHIC TIMETABLE LEAD AND ZONE COVERAGE SUPPORT ORGANIZATION Priority Threat 1 Action 1 Action 2 Action 3 Priority Threat 2 Action 1 Action 2 Action 3
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Annex C: Questionnaires Used for Key Informant Interviews QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STOCKTAKING OF MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES (for ECAN Zones Management Planning) For Head/Staff of MENRO, MAO, and MPDO Offices: PCSD Resolution No. 05-250, Section 25. Preparation of the ECAN Zoning Plan. After the approval of the ECAN Map, the LGU through its ECAN Board and with the assistance of the PCSDS, shall prepare an ECAN Zoning Plan taking into consideration the following: Municipality: ______Barangay: ______Date & Time of KII:______Interviewer: ______
I. Personal details of respondent 1. Name (Pangalan): ______2. Address (Sitio, Barangay): ______3. Occupation (Trabaho): ______4. Position and Agency (Posisyon at Ahensya): ______5. Number of years in position (Bilang ng taon sa kasalukuyang posisyon): ______
What are the efforts of the municipality in addressing the following development issues? 1. Stakeholders' participation in the protection conservation, development, exploitation and restoration of natural resources in the area; ______2. Encroachment of commercial fishing vessels on municipal waters; ______3. Treatment of protected areas under the NIPAS; [include barangay/municipal declared PAs] ______4. Inter-agency participation; ______
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______5. Protection of coastal/marine areas and enforcement of fishery laws; ______6. Monitoring and evaluation schemes [to include coastal pollution monitoring and control to understand water pollution of the area and to institute measures complementary to the PCSDS environmental quality regulation]; ______7. Regulatory measures or permitting system; ______8. Application of resource rents or user charges; ______9. Management of funds from proceeds of license fees; ______10. Allowable activities for each zone; [CLWUP land use zones and/or ECAN zones] ______11. Development activities in small islands; ______12. Waste disposal and sewage; [solid and liquid waste] ______13. Provision of alternative livelihood projects;
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______14. Protection of the access rights of the community to the natural resources; ______15. Migration and settlement within the coastal areas; and ______16. Appropriation of funds for the implementation of the plan and the management of the ECAN zones. ______17. Others identified to be necessary and relevant ______
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KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE ECAN Resource Management Planning Key Informant Interview Questionnaire (ECAN Needs + Projects) Questionnaire No.: ______The needs and priorities of the municipality often depend on the kinds of problems and issues that occur in it. Before we are able to introduce new projects, we must be able to identify first the threats and opportunities in our area. Since the problems and issues that confront us are often complex, we must also be able to analyze what are the causes and the impacts of our major problems. The analysis will help us prioritize our needs and also the resources we must apply to solve our problems. For the identified needs/problems/issues/opportunities, we will specify the solutions and actions that will address them. Target Respondents for Municipal KII – Mayor, Municipal Councilor (committee chair on agriculture, fisheries, environment and livelihood), MAO and staff, MPDC and staff, MENRO and staff, Tourism officer, NGO, PO representative, Business and Industry (2), Church, school (principal or head teacher), IP leader, Women, Children and Youth, Workers and Trade Unions (MFARMC), Scientific and Technological Communities, Farmers and Small Forest Landowners Municipality: ______Barangay: ______Date & Time of KII:______Interviewer: ______Documenter: ______I. Personal details of respondent 6. Name (Pangalan): ______7. Address (Sitio, Barangay): ______8. Occupation (Trabaho): ______9. Position and Agency (Posisyon at Ahensya): ______10. Number of years in position (Bilang ng taon sa kasalukuyang posisyon): ______II. Critical Sustainable Development Needs and Priorities of the Community 6. What do you think are the 3 critical or major environmental/social/economic/institutional needs and priorities of your municipality (Taytay)? These needs and priorities must be those that you think have not yet been addressed or have not been given attention. (Ano sa palagay nyo ang 3 kritikal o pangunahing mga pangangailangan at prayoridad pangkapaligiran/pangsosyal/pang-ekonomiya/pang-institusyonal ng inyong munisipalidad na hindi pa natutugunan o hindi pa masyadong nabibigyang pansin?) 7. Which entity/entities should provide support to address the identified needs and priorities?
6. Needs and 7. Entities who 14. Actions, Remarks Priorities should provide Solutions, and New (Cause/Effect) support Projects (Answer to Question #14) a. b. c.
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8. What other critical needs are not yet being addressed? (Meron pa ba kayong gustong idagdag na mga kritikal na pangangailangan?) 9. Which entity/entities should provide support to address the identified needs and priorities?
8. Other critical 9. Entities who 14. Actions, Remarks needs not addressed should provide Solutions, and New (Cause/Effect) support Projects (Answer to Question #14) d. e. (Note: Needs/priorities, problems/issues/threats, and opportunities can have more than one action/solution/project.) III. Critical Sustainable Development Problems, Issues, and Threats (Note: Ang problema, isyu, o banta ay maaring nangyayari sa kasalukuyan, nangyari na sa nakalipas na 3 taon, o maaaring mangyari sa susunod na 3 taon. Ang alamin lamang ay ang mga ―critical threats‖ – ang mga pinakaimportanteng dapat bigyang pansin) 10. What do you think are the 3 critical or major problems, issues, or threats to environment/society/economy/institutions of your municipality? (Ano sa palagay nyo ang 3 kritikal o pangunahing problema, isyu, o mga banta sa kapaligiran/lipunan/eokonomiya/institusyon nyo dito sa bayan ng Taytay?)
10. Problems, Issues, and 15. Actions, Solutions, and Remarks Threats New Projects (Answer to Question #15) a. b. c.
11. Do you have other major problems, issues, or threats in your barangay (or municipality)? (Meron pa ba kayong iba pang kritikal na problema, isyu, o banta dito sa inyong lugar?)
11. Problems, Issues, and 15. Actions, Solutions, and Remarks Threats New Projects (Answer to Question #15) d. e.
IV. Opportunities (in some cases, the opposite of a threat) 12. What do you think are the 3 opportunities (or factors that have a positive effect on the community) that can assist in the sustainable development and livelihood of your municipality once these are developed or utilized? (Ano sa palagay nyo ang 3 oportunidad (o mga bagay na may positibong epekto sa komunidad) na pwedeng makatulong sa pangmatagalang kaunlaran at kabuhayan ng inyong munisipyo sakaling ito ay ma-develop o magamit?)
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12. Problems, Issues, and 16. Actions, Solutions, and Remarks Threats New Projects (Answer to Question #16) a. b. c.
13. What other opportunities do you have here? (Bukod sa nabanggit, meron pa ba kayong iba pang oportunidad dito sa lugar nyo?)
13. Problems, Issues, and 16. Actions, Solutions, and Remarks Threats New Projects (Answer to Question #16) d. e.
V. Sustainable Development Actions, Solutions, and (New) Projects 14. What do you think are the most effective actions, solutions, or new projects that can answer/address the needs that you have mentioned? (Ano sa palagay nyo ang mga pinakaepektibong aksyon, solusyon, o bagong proyekto na tutugon sa mga pangangailangan na inyong nabanggit?) 15. What do you think are the most effective actions, solutions, or new projects that can answer/address the problems and issues that you have mentioned? (Ano sa palagay nyo ang mga pinakaepektibong aksyon, solusyon, o bagong proyekto na tutugon sa mga problema at isyung inyong nabanggit?) 16. What do you think are the most effective actions, solutions, or new projects that can take advantage of the opportunities that you have mentioned? (Ano sa palagay nyo ang mga pinakaepektibong aksyon, solusyon, o bagong proyekto na makakapagsaalang-alang ng mga oportunidad na inyong nabanggit?) VI. Additional Actions and Projects 17. Other than those mentioned, what in your opinion are other actions and projects that can assist the municipality of Taytay once they were undertaken here? (Bukod sa mga nabanggit, ano pa sa palagay nyo ang mga aksyon at proyektong maaaring makatulong kapag naisagawa (o naisakatuparan) dito sa bayan ng Taytay ? )
17. Additional Actions, Solutions, and New Projects a. b. c.
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Annex D: Attendance Sheets
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Annex E: Computation for Ecological Footprint
A preliminary study of the ecological footprint of Palawan Province in terms of basic needs resource requirements is undertaken to determine the sufficiency or deficiency of resources at present and in the future. The objective of the study is to determine whether there will be enough food, water, and wood for the population of Palawan. Specifically, the study aims to:
1. Determine the current and future population consumptions for food, water, and wood supply based on land use types (cropland, fishing ground, grazing, and forest lands) in terms of global hectares.
2. Compare the population consumptions and the biocapacity based on land use types (cropland, fishing ground, grazing, and forest lands) in terms of global hectare to determine food and water sufficiency and wood supply.
In land use planning, the results of ecological footprint study are important in allocating for certain areas of the land for specific land uses. It can also assist in making decisions about selecting and prioritizing land development options. The conceptual or consciousness-raising value of the EF analysis also has implications to policies that will be crafted to mitigate factors that can contribute to non-sustainable trends of economic activities and environmental deterioration.
The calculation of EF has the following general procedures (Wackernagel and Rees 1996):
1. Estimate of the average person‘s annual consumption of particular items from aggregate regional or national data by dividing total consumption by population size. For various categories, the national statistics provide both production and trade figures from which trade-corrected consumption can be computed, using the following formula. trade-corrected consumption = production + imports - exports
2. Estimate the land area appropriated per capita (aa) for the production of each major consumption item i. This is done by dividing the annual consumption of that item as calculated in #1 [c, in kg/capita] by its average annual productivity or yield [p, in kg/ha]. aaI = annual demand / annual yield = ci / pi
3. Compute the total ecological footprint of the average person, the per capita footrpint (ef), by summing all the ecosystem areas appropriated (aai) by all the goods and services (n) consumed by the person.
∑
4. Obtain the ecological footprint (EFP) of the study population by multiplying the average per capita footprint by population size (N).
EFP = N(ef)
In cases where the total area used is available from statistics, the per capita footprint can be computed by dividing by population.
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Annex F: Incorporating the SEP and ECAN into Local Land Use Plans (INTEGRATE)
The following guidelines are applicable for municipalities that have CLWUPs in various development stages. It can be followed even if the CLWUP is still in the initial phase of development, already in an advanced form or have substantive development strategies and general land use zones, or already finalized and approved.
The SEP ECAN-CLWUP integration process is called INTEGRATE (Incorporating the SEP and ECAN Into Local Land Use Plans). The INTEGRATE process will ensure not only that the CLWUP document has incorporated the SEP ECAN strategy, but also that it is compliant to the minimum standards set by HLURB. It has five interdependent steps, indicated in the figure below. It will have six complementary stages, not necessarily sequential in application, with four integration stages: physical integration, strategic integration, plan integration, and institutional integration.
Figure 1. The SEP ECAN integration process into the CLUP.
Step 1 (ECAN Zones Mapping or Amendment) is a requirement for all succeeding steps. Steps 2, 3, and 5 can be performed simultaneously. Planners can proceed to Steps 5 and 6 ahead of Step 4 (Formulation of ECAN Zoning Plan). The highest level of integration is the ―institutional integration‖, i.e., the approval of CLWUP that is compliant to ECAN and SEP.
1. ECAN Zones Mapping or Amendment
The mapping of ECAN zones is described in Chapter 3 while a process of amendment of ECAN criteria or ECAN zones is outlined in PCSD Resolution No. 05-250. Section 16 specifically provides for the amendment of ECAN criteria, to wit:
Section 16. Modification of Criteria. Modification or amendment regarding an approved criteria or guidelines can be initiated by any concerned group: government, non-government or private in nature. Such move for modification or amendment shall be submitted to the Council Staff for review and to the Council for approval. It should be supported by official documents, to include
a. resolution by the concerned Sangguniang Bayan/Panglunsod
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b. map of 1:50,000 scale with technical descriptions, and c. rationale and objectives for the proposed modification.
2. Physical Integration
Physical integration will be the screening part of the CLWUP. It involves a direct edge- by-edge comparison of the proposed CLWUP land use zones and the approved ECAN Zones Map. The objective of Physical Integration is for the ECAN-CLWUP planning group to seek a common agreement between the two zoning maps. Note that this step can be done simultaneously with Steps 3 to 5.
Method: Overlay of ECAN zones with HLURB land use zones using GIS
Inputs: ECAN zones map, HLURB general land use zones map and urban land use zones map
Outputs: Zonal Conflicts Map for validation; Reconciled ECAN-CLWUP zones
The following table can be used as a guide in the overlay of ECAN zones into CLWUP‘s general land use zones. The fields marked by ―X‖ are those that are considered acceptable to minimum ECAN standards.
Table 1. Comparison table for SEP ECAN zones and HLURB general land use zones. Co M Co Multiple Use Zone Buffer Zone re ult aste Co re Zo Re Co Tra ipl al/ Su TraBu Us Us Us / ne stri ntr dit e M Zo sta us nsiffe Detailed Zoning Classification (HLURB) e e e Ge cte oll ion Us ari ne ina e tio r Zo ne Zo Zo e n zo d ed al bleral n/ zo ne ne ne ne Zo ne ne 1. General Residential Zone (GRZ) An area within a city or municipality for dwelling/ x x x √ √ x x x housing purposes 2. Socialized Housing Zone (SHZ) Shall be used principally for socialized housing/ dwelling purposes for the underprivileged and homeless as defined in x x x √ √ x x x RA 7279 3. Low Density Residential Zone (R-1) An area WITHIN A CITY OR MUNICIPALITY principally for dwelling/ housing purposes with a density of 20 x x x √ √ x x x dwelling units and below per hectare 4. Medium Density Residential Zone (R-2) An area WITHIN A CITY OR MUNICIPALITY principally for dwelling/ housing purposes with a density of 21 to x x x √ √ x x x 65 dwelling units per hectare 5. High Density Residential Zone (R-3) A subdivision of an area principally for dwelling/ housing purposes with a density of 66 or more x x x √ √ x x x dwelling units per hectare 6. General Commercial Zone (GCZ) An area within a city or municipality for trading/ x x x x √ x x x services/ business purposes 7. Low Density Commercial Zone (C-1) An area WITHIN A CITY OR MUNICIPALITY principally for trade, services and business activities ordinarily x x x x √ x x x referred to as the Central Business District 8. Medium Density Commercial Zone (C-2) An area WITHIN A CITY OR MUNICIPALITY with quasitrade business activities and service industries x x x x √ x x x performing complementary/ supplementary functions to principally commercial zone (CBD)
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Co M Co Multiple Use Zone Buffer Zone re ult aste Co Zo ipl al/ re Re Co Tra Su / TraBu Us Us Us Zo ne stri ntr dit e M sta us nsiffe Detailed Zoning Classification (HLURB) e e Ge cte oll ione Us ari ne ina e tio Zo ne r Zo Zo e n zo d ed al bleral n/ zo ne ne ne ne Zo ne ne 9. High Density Commercial Zone (C-3) An area within a city or municipality intended for regional shopping centers such as large malls and other commercial activities which are regional in scope or where market activities generate traffic and require utilities and services that extend beyond local x x x x √ x x x boundaries and requires metropolitan level development planning and implementation. E.g. high rise hotels, sports stadium or sports complexes are also allowable in this zone 10. Light Industrial Zone (I-1) A subdivision of an area principally for the following types of industries: x x x x √ x x x a. non-pollutive/ non-hazardous b. non-pollutive/ hazardous 11. Medium Industrial Zone I-2) A subdivision of an area principally for the following types of industries: x x x √ x x x a. pollutive/ non-hazardous x b. pollutive/ hazardous 12. Heavy Industrial Zone (I-3) A subdivision of an area principally for the following types of industries: a. Highly pollutive/ non-hazardous b. Highly pollutive/ hazardous x x x √ x x x c. Highly pollutive/ extremely hazardous x d. Pollutive/ extremely hazardous e. Non-pollutive/extremely hazardous 13. General Institutional Zone (GIZ) – An area WITHIN A CITY OR MUNICIPALITY principally for general types of institutional establishments e.g. x x x x √ x x x government offices, schools, hospital/ clinics, academic/research, convention centers 14. Special Institutional Zone (SIZ) An area WITHIN A CITY OR MUNICIPALITY principally for particular types of institutional establishments e.g. welfare homes, orphanages, home for the aged, x x x x √ x x x rehabilitation and training centers, military camps/ reservation/ bases/ training grounds, etc. 15. Agricultural Zone (AGZ) An area WITHIN A CITY OR MUNICIPALITY INTENDED for cultivation/ fishing and pastoral activities (e.g. x x x √ √ x √ √ fish, farming, cultivation of crops, goats/ cattle raising etc.) 16. Agro-Industrial Zone (AIZ) An area WITHIN A CITY OR MUNICIPALITY INTENDED primarily for integrated farm operations and related x x x √ √ x x x product processing activities such as plantation for bananas, pineapple, sugar, etc. 17. Forest Zone (FZ) An area WITHIN A CITY OR MUNICIPALITY INTENDED √ √ √ √ √ √ x x primarily for forest purposes 18. Parks and other Recreation Zone (PRZ) An area designed for diversion/ amusements and for the maintenance of ecological balance of the x x x √ √ x √ x community
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Co M Co Multiple Use Zone Buffer Zone re ult aste Co Zo ipl al/ re Re Co Tra Su / TraBu Us Us Us Zo ne stri ntr dit e M sta us nsiffe Detailed Zoning Classification (HLURB) e e Ge cte oll ione Us ari ne ina e tio Zo ne r Zo Zo e n zo d ed al bleral n/ zo ne ne ne ne Zo ne ne 19. Water Zone (WZ) Are bodies of water WITHIN CITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES which include rivers, streams, lakes x x x √ √ x √ √ and seas except those included in other zone classification 20. Tourist Zone (TZ) Are sites within cities and municipalities endowed with natural or manmade physical attributes and * * √ √ √ * √ √ resources that are conducive to recreation, leisure and other wholesome activities The CLWUP general land use zones boundaries that overlapped with other ECAN zones will form part of the ―Zonal Conflict Map‖. The planning group may then assess/evaluate the conflict map in two ways:
i. Ground truthing – validation of the conflict area through ocular inspection ii. Social ground truthing – validation of the conflict area through consultation with key informants (those who are part of the mapping of CLWUP land use zones and/or those who are affected on the ground by the mapping of the same zones)
One issue to consider here is that the description of each HLURB general land use zones may be applicable to several ECAN zones. Hence, there may be a need to separate or differentiate the general land use zones further according to the specific activities in the zones.
3. Strategic Integration
Method: Comparison and review of ECAN strategies and CLWUP strategies Inputs: Results from thematic mapping, ECAN zones management guidelines, EZP (if available), CLWUP strategies Outputs: Strategic Conflict Map/Matrix for validation and action; Integrated ECAN-CLWUP strategies This part of the INTEGRATE process is a review of strategic elements in the ECAN and CLWUP. It will consider both the zonal elements (allowable uses and identified activities in each zone) and suprazonal elements (strategies and activities that are cross-cutting or that transcend geographic zones).
This review process can be both quantitative and qualitative in nature and will be guided by the SEP Law and its policies and guidelines, the LGC, and the HLURB policies and guidelines. Any conflict that may be identified may be mapped or put in matrix form and will form an integral part of the Strategic Conflict Map. This map/matrix will then be brought to the local planners and administrators for their comments and a consensus will be sought in order to reconcile the strategies in the plans. The satisfactory application of Strategic Integration will lead to integrated ECAN-CLWUP strategies. A sample Zonal Conflict Matrix is shown in the table below.
Table 2. Issues generated and recommended actions from topology overlays of the ECAN Map and Existing Forest Land Uses in Roxas (FLUP Roxas 2012, modified). Possible Location Status Of Proposed How To Resolve Responsible Conflicting Claim Recommendation The Problem Agency Forest Land To Resolve The Uses Problem IPs/ICCs Tinitan With CALT Apply/comply Follow existing NCIP, PCSD, Almaciga resin application requirements for PCSD guidelines LGU, POs, IPs, tapping in Core TA application and ICCs zone NCIP CADT/CALC Jolo With CALT Apply/comply Follow existing NCIP, PCSD, application requirements for PCSD guidelines LGU, POs, IPs, TA application and
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NCIP CADT/CALC ICCs
San Miguel With CALT Apply/comply Follow existing NCIP, PCSD, application requirements for PCSD guidelines LGU, POs, IPs, TA application and ICCs NCIP CADT/CALC N. Zabala With CALT Apply/comply Follow existing NCIP, PCSD, application requirements for PCSD guidelines LGU, POs, IPs, TA application and ICCs NCIP CADT/CALC Abaroan Proclaimed Apply/comply Follow existing NCIP, PCSD, TAZ through requirements for NCIP guidelines LGU, POs, IPs, PCSD CADT/CALC ICCs Proclamation No.13 Operational Bagongbayan Declare as special Endorsement NCIP, PCSD, watershed with (133 ha.) management area for resolution, LGU, POs, IPs, Core zone Taradungan (114 the protection of Core establishment, ICCs has.) zone by the LGU and declaration Magara (745 has.); DENR Caramay (745 has.); Salvacion (745 has.); Mendoza (687 has.); Sandoval (300 has.); Tinitian (528 has.); Tumarbong (30 has.); Brgy. IV (61 has.); Minara (600 has.) Wateshed in Co-management of MOA (obligation Local Water ancestral domain overlapping area by of every party), Assocation, (anticipated) LGU, identify or LGU, DENR, and IPs delineate DENR, NCIP, overlapping area PCSD a POs, NGOs, IPs, Barangays, and others to be identified during planning
4. Formulation and Approval of ECAN Zoning Plan
ECAN planning for sustainable development requires an integrated approach involving social, economic, cultural, ecological, and governance variables. This means that developing an EZP requires an investigation into a variety of data, information, and plans.
In Section 25 of PCSD Resolution 05-250, the considerations in the preparation of the ECAN Zoning Plan are the following:
Section 25. Preparation of the ECAN Zoning Plan. After the approval of the ECAN Map, the LGU through its ECAN Board and with the assistance of the PCSDS, shall prepare an ECAN Zoning Plan taking into consideration the following:
Stakeholder‘s participation in the protection, conservation, development, exploitation, and restoration of natural resources in the area Encroachment of commercial fishing vessels in municipal waters Treatment of protected areas under the NIPAS Inter-agency participation Protection of coastal/marine areas and enforcement of fishery laws
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Monitoring and evaluation schemes to include coastal pollution monitoring and control to understand water pollution of the area and to institute measures complementary to the PCSDS environmental quality regulation Regulatory measures or permitting system Application of resource rents or user charges Management of funds from proceeds of license fees Allowable activities for each zone Development activities in small islands Waste disposal and sewage Provision of alterative livelihood projects Protection of the access rights of the community to the natural resources Migration and settlement within the coastal areas Appropriation of funds for the implementation of the plan and the management of ECAN zones Others identified to be necessary and relevant
The ECAN Zoning Plan shall contain, among others, the following actions:
i. Description of the Area ii. Goals/Objectives iii. Zoning Strategy (priorities, methodologies for marking zone boundaries) iv. Zone Management (activities, regulatory measures policy directions) v. Administration vi. Monitoring and Evaluation vii. Annexes (maps and references)
The recommended steps in coming up with a detailed EZP are the following:
1. Building of a sustainable development planning database (ECAN Data Infrastructure Development) 2. Determination of the exact boundaries of ECAN zones and administrative boundaries 3. Identification of ―Special Management Areas‖ (SMAs) 4. Development of thematic and integrated planning modules and indicators. 5. Stocktaking of local environmental governance initiatives 6. Development of an ECAN-based land use spatial optimization algorithm using Multi- Criteria Analysis (OPTIONAL) 7. Integrated threats analysis 8. Formulation of ECAN zones and resources plan
See Chapter 4 for the details of each of the above steps.
5. Plan Integration: Development of ECAN-Based CLWUP
Method: Planning workshops/sessions, consensus building, conflict resolution during meetings and roundtable discussions
Inputs: Integral zonal and strategic elements of ECAN-CLWUP (outputs of Physical Integration and Strategic Integration); technical assistance to ECAN Board and to Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO)
Outputs: Draft modules/sections of Municipal ECAN-based CLWUP
After the Physical and Strategic Integration steps, planning for municipal ECAN-based Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plans can now proceed.
6. Institutional Integration: Approval of ECAN-Based CLWUP
This stage of integration is concerned with social acceptability of the ECAN-CLWUP integrated plan. The District Management Office (DMO) and the ECAN Planning Team will work closely with LGU in the institutionalization of the ECAN-compliant CLWUP. This may require attendance as resource persons to Municipal ECAN Board meetings, municipal council legislative sessions, and public hearings. The final output is the approved ECAN-Based CLWUP with institutional support from executive and legislative institutions. The approval of the plan is four-fold:
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1. Approval of the ECAN-based CLWUP by the ECAN Board and endorsement to the municipal council; 2. Approval of the CLWUP by the municipal council and endorsement to the provincial council; 3. Approval of the CLWUP by the provincial council (through the Provincial Land Use Committee) and endorsement to the HLURB; and 4. Approval of the CLWUP by the PCSD.
The yardsticks of the success of this step are the incorporation of the essential elements of the ECAN Zoning Plan document into the CLWUP document and the institutional support for the municipal ECAN-based CLWUP.
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