. Ph.D Gonzales, and of the Benjamin J. METHODS Ecosystems Management PHILIPPINES An Approach to Fisheries and FISHING GEARS
Fishing Gears and Methods of the Malampaya Sound Benjamin J. Gonzales, Ph.D.
4 5
FFishing Gears and Methods of the Malampaya Sound Philippines: An Approach to Fisheries and Ecosystems Management
ISBN Number: 978-621-95538-2-7 Written by: Benjamin J. Gonzales, Ph.D. Contributors: © Geofrey Aludia / WWF, Eduardo Bolen / WWF, Russell Climaco / WWF, Karl Directo / WWF, Alfredo Guab / WWF, Mavic Matillano / WWF, Jona Miguel / WWF Photos by: © Geofrey Aludia / WWF, Eduardo Bolen / WWF, Nicolas Cegalerba and Joanna Szwemberg, Russell Climaco / WWF, Kymry Delijero, Benjamin Gonzales / WPU, Mavic Matillano / WWF, Jona Miguel / WWF Cover Photos: © Eduardo Bolen / WWF, Nicolas Cegalerba and Joanna Szwemberg / WWF Sketches by: Arthur Batiforra Jr. (except as indicated) Ddesign by: Janine Teng Printed in: Manila, Philipines October 2017 FISHING GEARS and METHODS of the And to
PHILIPPINES An Approach to Fisheries and Ecosystems Management
4 5 DEDICATION
4 5
This book is dedicated:
To my parents Laling and Mildred. And to my Uncle Ruperto ‘‘Perting”, who supported my love for fishing and fishes.
and
to my students and non-government organizations, who continuously work for the conservation and
management of our coastal and fisheries resources.
5 4
176 About the Author the About
170 References
161 Chapter Six: From the Ecosystems Management Point of View of Point Management Ecosystems the From Six: Chapter
135 Chapter Five: Maps of Fishing Gear Locations Gear Fishing of Maps Five: Chapter
125 Chapter Four: Gear Seasonality Gear Four: Chapter
87 Chapter Three: The Commercial Species in Malampaya Sound Malampaya in Species Commercial The Three: Chapter
84 Hand Catch Hand
82
4 Picks 5
80 Spear Gun Spear
80 Hand Instrument Hand
78 Set Longline Set
74 Hand Line Hand
74 Hook and Line and Hook
72 Miscellaneous Set Traps Set Miscellaneous
64 Pots
60 Fish Corral Fish
60 Barricades and Traps and Barricades
58 Other Nets Other
56 Cover Nets Cover
54 Stop Seine Stop
52 Lift Nets Lift
48 Ring Nets Ring
45 Push Nets Push
36 Gill Nets Gill
36 Nets
36 Fishing Gears Found in Malamapaya Sound Malamapaya in Found Gears Fishing
26 Gear Overview Gear
25 Chapter Two: Fishing Gears and Methods and Gears Fishing Two: Chapter
13 Chapter One: Introduction One: Chapter
11 Preface
10 Foreword
8 Acknowledgment
ABLE OF CONTENTS OF ABLE T
8 9
encouragements to undertake researches and write publications. publications. write and researches undertake to encouragements
and Seasha who always understand my professional activities and give give and activities professional my understand always who Seasha and
version of this book. And my wife Nazareth and children Johanne, Ma. Mojena, Mojena, Ma. Johanne, children and Nazareth wife my And book. this of version
me shelter and conducive environment in writing the main part and final final and part main the writing in environment conducive and shelter me
My daughter Ma. Mojena Gonzales-Plasus and husband Leo Plasus for providing providing for Plasus Leo husband and Gonzales-Plasus Mojena Ma. daughter My
4 assistance. office their 5 content of this book, and my staff Sheena Melendez and Karen Madarcos for for Madarcos Karen and Melendez Sheena staff my and book, this of content
Herminie Palla and Mr. Rodulf Anthony Balisco for the technical reviews of the the of reviews technical the for Balisco Anthony Rodulf Mr. and Palla Herminie
Dr. Mildred J. Gonzales as my manuscript editor and my colleagues Dr. Dr. colleagues my and editor manuscript my as Gonzales J. Mildred Dr.
catches.
coordination, lay-out, field surveys, and photographs of fishing gears and fish fish and gears fishing of photographs and surveys, field lay-out, coordination,
Miguel, Jeofrey Aludia and Russell Climaco for their assistance in project project in assistance their for Climaco Russell and Aludia Jeofrey Miguel,
The project team composed of Maria Victoria Matillano, Janine Teng, Jona Jona Teng, Janine Matillano, Victoria Maria of composed team project The
the preparation of this book. this of preparation the
development, including granting the writer permissions to attend meetings on on meetings attend to permissions writer the granting including development,
Manarpaac, President of WPU, for her continuous support for research and and research for support continuous her for WPU, of President Manarpaac,
The Western Philippines University (WPU), most especially to Dr. Elsa P. P. Elsa Dr. to especially most (WPU), University Philippines Western The
Benjamin Jareta Gonzales, Ph.D. Ph.D. Gonzales, Jareta Benjamin
D. Matillano. Matillano. D.
both human and nature. nature. and human both Teresa P. Baskiñas, Perla Chrisma R. Salao, Janine C. Teng and Maria Victoria Victoria Maria and Teng C. Janine Salao, R. Chrisma Perla Baskiñas, P. Teresa
inform and educate the wider audience, and to be used for the well-being of of well-being the for used be to and audience, wider the educate and inform The CEO of WWF-Philippines Jose Angelito M. Palma and his Officers Luz Luz Officers his and Palma M. Angelito Jose WWF-Philippines of CEO The
shelves and in electronic files, but continuously pursue and circulate them to to them circulate and pursue continuously but files, electronic in and shelves
And finally, to those who do not keep education and knowledge in in knowledge and education keep not do who those to finally, And support of the following: the of support
This book would not have been possible without the dedicated work and and work dedicated the without possible been have not would book This
and shared ideas with me, thereby contributed to the contents of this book. book. this of contents the to contributed thereby me, with ideas shared and
I am also indebted to all the wonderful people who have exchanged exchanged have who people wonderful the all to indebted also am I Philippines and its sponsors for supporting and publishing this book. this publishing and supporting for sponsors its and Philippines
a del idbe t te ol Wllf Fn fr aue (WWF) Nature for Fund Wildlife World the to indebted deeply am I -
WLEDGMENT O CKN A
10 11
Asian Conservation Foundation, Inc. Foundation, Conservation Asian Palawan, Philippines Palawan,
Chairman Western Philippines University Philippines Western
Vicente S. Pérez, Jr Pérez, S. Vicente Professor
Benjamin Jareta Gonzales, Ph.D. Gonzales, Jareta Benjamin
generations.
Irrawaddy dolphins and together work to ensure their conservation for future for conservation their ensure to work together and dolphins Irrawaddy “providing the Right Information for the Right Management”. Right the for Information Right the “providing
With WWF-Philippines, let us claim stewardship of Malampaya Sound with the with Sound Malampaya of stewardship claim us let WWF-Philippines, With
knowledge gathered from fishing gears and methods, using the principle principle the using methods, and gears fishing from gathered knowledge
environmental management of Malampaya Sound from the point of view of of 4 view of point the from Sound Malampaya of management environmental 5 from extinction, through the use of the proper fishing gear. fishing proper the of use the through extinction, from The author approached fisheries, Irrawaddy dolphin conservation, and the the and conservation, dolphin Irrawaddy fisheries, approached author The
sustainably co-exist with the Irrawaddy dolphins, and in turn save the species species the save turn in and dolphins, Irrawaddy the with co-exist sustainably
Through its narrative, this book is able to inform how the local fisherfolk can can fisherfolk local the how inform to able is book this narrative, its Through between fisheries and Irrawaddy dolphins. Irrawaddy and fisheries between
relationships between the gears and the environment, and interactions interactions and environment, the and gears the between relationships
time. classification of fishing gears in the Sound, their catches and seasonality, seasonality, and catches their Sound, the in gears fishing of classification
renowned Palaweño marine expert, Dr. Benjamin Gonzales, comes at the best best the at comes Gonzales, Benjamin Dr. expert, marine Palaweño renowned ecosystems and Irrawaddy dolphins in the area. This book also features the the features also book This area. the in dolphins Irrawaddy and ecosystems
This informative book on Fishing Gears and Methods of Malampaya Sound, by by Sound, Malampaya of Methods and Gears Fishing on book informative This exploited in the Sound with reference to the preservation of the integrity of of integrity the of preservation the to reference with Sound the in exploited
in Malampaya Sound. If this continues, this number is expected to drop further. further. drop to expected is number this continues, this If Sound. Malampaya in describe how, when, where, and what estuarine/marine resources are being being are resources estuarine/marine what and where, when, how, describe
use of certain fish traps, has put pressure on the dwindling dolphin population population dolphin dwindling the on pressure put has traps, fish certain of use and methods being used in the Malampaya Sound. These devices and methods methods and devices These Sound. Malampaya the in used being methods and
exist today. Unfortunately, increased fishing activity in the area, particularly the the particularly area, the in activity fishing increased Unfortunately, today. exist This book is a collation of the different aspects of fishing instruments, devices, devices, instruments, fishing of aspects different the of collation a is book This
There are less than a hundred of these gentle and shy creatures estimated to to estimated creatures shy and gentle these of hundred a than less are There
The Irrawaddy dolphins are an isolated colony of enigmatic marine mammals. mammals. marine enigmatic of colony isolated an are dolphins Irrawaddy The Irrawaddy dolphins, and ecosystem of the Sound. the of ecosystem and dolphins, Irrawaddy
extend the content of the book to the implications on management of fisheries, fisheries, of management on implications the to book the of content the extend
Irrawaddy dolphins. Irrawaddy on the writing of this book. With this opportunity, the writer decided to to decided writer the opportunity, this With book. this of writing the on
inlets called the Malampaya Sound, home to the critically-endangered critically-endangered the to home Sound, Malampaya the called inlets the support of the Western Philippines University, the author gladly embarked embarked gladly author the University, Philippines Western the of support the
brochures. Little known, there exists in Palawan a unique biodome of bays and and bays of biodome unique a Palawan in exists there known, Little brochures. information and insights from our previous studies far back year 2001. With With 2001. year back far studies previous our from insights and information
But there is more to Palawan than what we see in vacation pictures and holiday holiday and pictures vacation in see we what than Palawan to more is there But the gears in the Sound, in the form of a pictorial and annotated guide and use use and guide annotated and pictorial a of form the in Sound, the in gears the
Philippines requested the author again to write a book to officially document document officially to book a write to again author the requested Philippines
of the most beautiful islands in the world. the in islands beautiful most the of - WWF year, that of part latter the In gears. the of catches the monitoring
is no wonder that, in the recent years, Palawan has been consistently voted one one voted consistently been has Palawan years, recent the in that, wonder no is fishing gears in the Malampaya Sound in early 2016 with the purpose of of purpose the with 2016 early in Sound Malampaya the in gears fishing
Everything about it was captivating. Its islands, its wildlife, the people. For us, it it us, For people. the wildlife, its islands, Its captivating. was it about Everything author to undertake a second study on the Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) of the the of (CPUE) Effort Unit per Catch the on study second a undertake to author
Malampaya Sound, the World Wide Fund for Nature Philippines requested the the requested Philippines Nature for Fund Wide World the Sound, Malampaya
We fell in love with Palawan years ago. years Palawan with love in fell We With the urgency to manage the critical resources and environment of the the of environment and resources critical the manage to urgency the With
PREFACE FOREWORD 4 5 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
5 4
12 13
14 15
crabs) fisheries, which not only serve as source of income and and income of source as serve only not which fisheries, crabs)
Malampaya is known for crustaceans (shrimps and swimming swimming and (shrimps crustaceans for known is Malampaya
go ashore and hike the land trails. land the hike and ashore go
life. Several landing areas are potential spots to allow visitors to to visitors allow to spots potential are areas landing Several life.
-
4 wild its and cabs and Irrawaddy of views spectacular to treated 5
views of the mangrove shorelines and waters. Paddlers can be be can Paddlers waters. and shorelines mangrove the of views
fish corrals. The main road offers numerous pull-offs with scenic scenic with pull-offs numerous offers road main The corrals. fish
marine turtles are sometimes reported by fishers to enter their their enter to fishers by reported sometimes are turtles marine
and incidental catch (Gonzales and Matillano 2008). Likewise, Likewise, 2008). Matillano and (Gonzales catch incidental and
habitat and population in the Sound, due to fisheries fisheries to due Sound, the in population and habitat swimming
cousin of the marine dolphins, which has lost much of its its of much lost has which dolphins, marine the of cousin swimming
of the endangered Irrawaddy dolphin, a euryhaline slower slower euryhaline a dolphin, Irrawaddy endangered the of
Within the Inner Malampaya Sound, visitors may catch a glimpse glimpse a catch may visitors Sound, Malampaya Inner the Within
due to its image as a source of bounty resources, Malampaya Malampaya resources, bounty of source a as image its to due fish larvae. fish
sectors of the society, which interact with the Sound. However, However, Sound. the with interact which society, the of sectors productivity of the Inner Sound in terms of planktons, fish, and and fish, planktons, of terms in Sound Inner the of productivity
source of income to various peoples of Taytay as well as numerous as well as Taytay of peoples various to income of source
region in 1973 (Estudillo 1987). The same study also showed high high showed also study same The 1987). (Estudillo 1973 in region
Until now, Malampaya Sound continuously provides food and and food provides continuously Sound Malampaya now, Until Sound accorded nearly 19% of the total fish production of the the of production fish total the of 19% nearly accorded Sound
). Fish productivity in the the in productivity Fish ). ( dolphins Irrawaddy Orcaella brevirostris Orcaella
consumed by the dolphin. the by consumed the wildlife, and home to the infamous and critically endangered endangered critically and infamous the to home and wildlife, the
killed dolphin revealed shrimps and squids as major food food major as squids and shrimps revealed dolphin killed shorelines, adjacent to tidal wetlands and uplands which support support which uplands and wetlands tidal to adjacent shorelines,
Matillano 2008). Stomach content examination by the author of a a of author the by examination content Stomach 2008). Matillano inner and outer portions, respectively, including mangrove mangrove including respectively, portions, outer and inner
the diet of the Irrawaddy dolphins (WWF 2001; Gonzales and and Gonzales 2001; (WWF dolphins Irrawaddy the of diet the Philippines.” It is composed of marine and estuarine waters at the the at waters estuarine and marine of composed is It Philippines.”
food for the community, but also known to dominantly compose compose dominantly to known also but community, the for food The Malampaya Sound is called the “fishing bowl of the the of bowl “fishing the called is Sound Malampaya The INTRODUCTION
16 17
Palawan, by Gonzales (2000; 2005; 2013), and few in Malampaya Malampaya in few and 2013), 2005; (2000; Gonzales by Palawan,
provided by Schroeder (1980), while in the coastal fish around around fish coastal the in while (1980), Schroeder by provided
in Ulugan Bay. Fishes of the eastern coast of Palawan Island were were Island Palawan of coast eastern the of Fishes Bay. Ulugan in
recorded the mangrove-associated fishes caught by coastal gears gears coastal by caught fishes mangrove-associated the recorded (1997). On the other hand, Gonzales and Dolorosa (1994) (1994) Dolorosa and Gonzales hand, other the On (1997).
4 Gonzales by done was management fisheries to implications their 5 Palawan: fishing gears used by small-scale fishers in Palawan and and Palawan in fishers small-scale by used gears fishing Palawan:
Furthermore, there is no illustrated guide for fishing gears of of gears fishing for guide illustrated no is there Furthermore,
Studies on fishing gears are seldom documented in Palawan. Palawan. in documented seldom are gears fishing on Studies
Palawan. Palawan.
and its use in the conservation of local Irrawaddy population in in population Irrawaddy local of conservation the in use its and
Sound as an approach to fisheries and ecosystems ecosystems and fisheries to approach an as Sound management management
necessary for planning and monitoring of fishery systems. fishery of monitoring and planning for necessary information about the fishing gears and methods in the Malampaya Malampaya the in methods and gears fishing the about information
management. Hence, information about them are are them about information Hence, management. deemed deemed Indonesia). This book intends to further the knowledge and and knowledge the further to intends book This Indonesia).
fishing gears and methods are main elements in fisheries fisheries in elements main are methods and gears fishing waters and rivers from the Bay of Bengal to western Sulawesi, Sulawesi, western to Bengal of Bay the from rivers and waters
Resource Management (ICRM), etc. It is common knowledge that that knowledge common is It etc. (ICRM), Management Resource Philippines, but across its geographic distribution (warm coastal coastal (warm distribution geographic its across but Philippines,
Coastal Resource Management (CRM), Integrated Coastal Coastal Integrated (CRM), Management Resource Coastal WWF endeavors to conserve Irrawaddy dolphins not only in the the in only not dolphins Irrawaddy conserve to endeavors WWF
(EAFM), Community-based Fisheries Management (CBFM), (CBFM), Management Fisheries Community-based (EAFM),
management: Ecosystem Approach in Fisheries Management Management Fisheries in Approach Ecosystem management: of the fisheries in the area becomes uncertain. becomes area the in fisheries the of
Several strategies are recognized to approach fisheries fisheries approach to recognized are strategies Several pressure combined with other anthropogenic activities, the future future the activities, anthropogenic other with combined pressure
conservation. Hence, due to effective and excessive fishing fishing excessive and effective to due Hence, conservation.
about fisheries and ecosystems management. ecosystems and fisheries about gears, increase in human population, and Irrawaddy dolphin dolphin Irrawaddy and population, human in increase gears,
Matillano 2008; and Whitty 2016; of which references are scarce scarce are references which of 2016; Whitty and 2008; Matillano and issues on environmental degradation, uncontrolled use of fishing fishing of use uncontrolled degradation, environmental on issues
Jarabejo 1997; WWF 2001; Gonzales Gonzales 2001; WWF 1997; Jarabejo 1987, al., et Estudillo Sound: Sound continues to attract dwellers, which seemingly caused caused seemingly which dwellers, attract to continues Sound INTRODUCTION
18 19
4 available. are resources its and fisheries, gears, 5 knowledge and information on the interaction among fishing fishing among interaction the on information and knowledge
, very few books which provide comprehensive comprehensive provide which books few very , conducted been
numerous studies in different aspects of fisheries have have fisheries of aspects different in studies numerous Although
Kawamura, et. al. (1983), and Philippines by Umali (1950). (1950). Umali by Philippines and (1983), al. et. Kawamura,
SEAFDEC (1995), Japan by JICA (1981 and 1986), Indonesia by by Indonesia 1986), and (1981 JICA by Japan (1995), SEAFDEC
documented by Gabriel et. al, (2005), that of Southeast Asia by by Asia Southeast of that (2005), al, et. Gabriel by documented
On the other hand, fishing gears of the world are well well are world the of gears fishing hand, other the On
operational management information is required? is information management operational
are: who caught, what amount of fish, when and how? What What how? and when fish, of amount what caught, who are:
the primary capture and processing of aquatic resources which which resources aquatic of processing and capture primary the
described by Evans and Grainger (2002) to include all aspects of of aspects all include to (2002) Grainger and Evans by described
Fishery Information Domains used in resource management as as management resource in used Domains Information Fishery
and unreported fishery data. Fishery operations is one of the the of one is operations Fishery data. fishery unreported and
Lack of proper management procedures may lead to unrecorded unrecorded to lead may procedures management proper of Lack
area.
catch volume can be very useful for the management of a fishery fishery a of management the for useful very be can volume catch
Aspects of fishing gears such as operation, catch composition, and and composition, catch operation, as such gears fishing of Aspects INTRODUCTION
20 21
4 5
were taken to document the gears. Specimens of catch samples samples catch of Specimens gears. the document to taken were
ecosystem and Irrawaddy dolphins, and unique to the Sound. the to unique and dolphins, Irrawaddy and ecosystem individually interviewed regarding their gears, and photographs photographs and gears, their regarding interviewed individually
and 4. identify fishing gears and methods favorable to the Sound’s Sound’s the to favorable methods and gears fishing identify 4. and resources. In this book, fishers were collectively consulted consulted collectively were fishers book, this In resources. and and
distribution and seasonality of fishing gears in Malampaya Sound, Sound, Malampaya in gears fishing of seasonality and distribution its utilization in the conservation and sustainable use of its its of use sustainable and conservation the in utilization its
the catch of identified fishing gears, 3. Give information on the the on information Give 3. gears, fishing identified of catch the and reference for fisheries management of the sound and further further and sound the of management fisheries for reference and
and methods used in Malampaya Sound, 2. Provide information on on information Provide 2. Sound, Malampaya in used methods and that this book will provide continuous information continuous provide will book this that to form as basis basis as form to
The objectives of this book are to: 1. Document the fishing gears gears fishing the Document 1. to: are book this of objectives The fishing gears and methods unique to Malampaya Malampaya to unique methods and gears fishing Sound. It is hoped hoped is It Sound.
Irrawaddy dolphins. It is also interesting to know if there are are there if know to interesting also is It dolphins. Irrawaddy
and Kuronuma (1980) was used. was (1980) Kuronuma and management of ecosystems, fisheries, and conservation of of conservation and fisheries, ecosystems, of management
(2016), and Motomura, et. al. (2017). As for crustaceans, Motoh Motoh crustaceans, for As (2017). al. et. Motomura, and (2016), caught, volume of catch and season of catch in relation to the the to relation in catch of season and catch of volume caught,
and Niem (2001), Gonzales (2000; 2005; 2013), Froese and Pauly Pauly and Froese 2013), 2005; (2000; Gonzales (2001), Niem and the fishing gears and activities in the Sound, as well as the species species the as well as Sound, the in activities and gears fishing the
and local names were identified using references by Carpenter Carpenter by references using identified were names local and The making of this book was inspired by the need to document document to need the by inspired was book this of making The INTRODUCTION
22 23
(source, https://maps.google.com/) (source,
Fig 1.1. Map of the Philippines, showing the location of Malampaya Sound. Sound. Malampaya of location the showing Philippines, the of Map 1.1. Fig
https://www.pcsd.gov.ph/protected_areas/malampaya.htm ( Sound ).
Indigenous people, mostly Tagbanuas live in 7 barangays of of barangays 7 in live Tagbanuas mostly people, Indigenous the the
4 6.65%. to accounts rate growth Annual high. is incidence 5
27,828 which is expected to increase fast as the emigration emigration the as fast increase to expected is which 27,828
Vicente. Human population around the Sound numbered to to numbered Sound the around population Human Vicente.
boundary of the municipality of Taytay and the rest within San San within rest the and Taytay of municipality the of boundary
City. It covers 22 barangays, 18 of which are within the political political the within are which of 18 barangays, 22 covers It City.
Sound takes around five hour land trip ride from Puerto Princesa Princesa Puerto from ride trip land hour five around takes Sound
Malampaya Sound Protected Land and Seascape. Malampaya Malampaya Seascape. and Land Protected Sound Malampaya
Philippines (Gonzales and Matillano 2008), known as the the as known 2008), Matillano and (Gonzales Philippines
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), (DENR), Resources Natural and Environment of Department
The Sound is a protected area under the management of the the of management the under area protected a is Sound The
2001). 2001).
estimated area of 251.7 km with 93.18 km coastline (WWF (WWF coastline km 93.18 with km 251.7 of area estimated
2
estuarine and riverine ecosystems. The sound covers an an covers sound The ecosystems. riverine and estuarine
coastal beaches. The area abounds with flora and fauna including including fauna and flora with abounds area The beaches. coastal
tropical old growth forests, coral reefs, sea grass beds and and beds grass sea reefs, coral forests, growth old tropical
and narrow island of Palawan, Philippines (Fig. 1.1.), made up of of up made 1.1.), (Fig. Philippines Palawan, of island narrow and
Malampaya Sound is situated in the northwest portion of the long long the of portion northwest the in situated is Sound Malampaya
SURVEY SITE SURVEY
INTRODUCTION 4 5 CHAPTER TWO
FISHING GEARS AND METHODS
5 4
24 25
26 27
species and financial capability of fishers. of capability financial and species
types and materials of nets used in the Sound are according to target target to according are Sound the in used nets of materials and types
refers to a crab pot or a lift net depending on which barangay is using it. The The it. using is barangay which on depending net lift a or pot crab a to refers
” which which ” “ as such used, also are names Similar time. night during used
4 bukatot 5
, where the latter is used during daytime, while the former is is former the while daytime, during used is latter the where , and Paamag
There is a variation in gear nomenclature such as in the case of of case the in as such nomenclature gear in variation a is There
Kurantay
fish, parrot fish, emperors, groupers, and other fishes (Gonzales et al 2017). al et (Gonzales fishes other and groupers, emperors, fish, parrot fish,
Fish pots vary in sizes depending on the target species, which include rabbit rabbit include which species, target the on depending sizes in vary pots Fish
). ). ( nemipterids catching for used pot fish a ” “ making for used is bisugo timing,
. While commercial chicken wire wire chicken commercial While . to compared durable more is rattan buho
pots; however, rattan is used in Sitio Sigpit, Pancol. According to locals, locals, to According Pancol. Sigpit, Sitio in used is rattan however, pots;
(a kind of bamboo) is the main material for making fish traps and crab crab and traps fish making for material main the is bamboo) of kind (a Buho
(Gonzales et al 2017). al et (Gonzales
and , , namely: Sound, Inner the of barangays the across pana kawil sisid
kinds of gears. Three kinds of fishing gears and methods are common common are methods and gears fishing of kinds Three gears. of kinds
Barangay Pancol, while the waters fronting Barangay Banbanan have 18 18 have Banbanan Barangay fronting waters the while Pancol, Barangay
Thirty fishing gears are operated in the Sound with 25 operating off off operating 25 with Sound the in operated are gears fishing Thirty
method (Voices of the Bay 2011). Bay the of (Voices method
marine/aquatic resources, whereas how the gear is used is the fishing fishing the is used is gear the how whereas resources, marine/aquatic
to lure and capture fish. Fishing gears are defined as tools used to capture capture to used tools as defined are gears Fishing fish. capture and lure to
All types of fishing gear, regardless of how they might be used, are designed designed are used, be might they how of regardless gear, fishing of types All
GEAR OVERVIEW GEAR
GEAR OVERVIEW GEAR FISHING GEARS AND METHODS AND GEARS FISHING FISHING GEARS AND METHODS GEAR OVERVIEW
Fishing gears fall under two general categories, active gear and passive gear. Active gears are designed to chase and capture target species, while passive Table 2.1. Distribution of fishing gears in waters of selected barangays. gears generally sit in one place allowing the target species to approach the capture device (Voices of the Bay 2011). Active gears may catch more fish, FISHING GEARS LOCATIONS TOTAL but have higher tendencies to damage the environment and more energy is Bato New Old Pancol Banbanan Alacalian Abongan consumed than the passive gears. Active gears in Malampaya Sound are; Guinlo Guinlo encircling gillnets, push nets, trawls, and seines. While passive gears are: lift A. NETS nets, corrals, pots, traps, and hook and lines. Gill Nets 1. Kurantay 2 The fishing gears and methods in Malampaya Sound are dominated by nets 2. Paamag 2 and pots (Fig. 2.2). These two main types of gears have many variations 3. Panimbog 7 4. Palubog 3 ranging from night and day operations, mobile and stationary, pelagic and 5. Lambat Pang-alimasag 5 demersal/bottom. There are also peculiar species specific gears to catch 6. Lambat Panghipon 1 shrimp, swimming crab, mangrove crab, anchovy, alamang (acetes spp.), (Paunat) squid, and nemepterids. There are also different gears targeting single 7. Lambat Panghipon 2 (Hilada) species such as shrimp gill net, shrimp corral, and shrimp push net, which aim for shrimps, while crab pot and crab gill net gather specifically Push Nets swimming crabs. 8. Sudsod Pang-alamang 3 9. Sudsod Panghipon 3
The above scenario shows how the marine and estuarine resources of Ring Nets Malampaya Sound are being exploited. The types of gears suggest the 10. Baring 2 importance of crabs and shrimps resources to Malampaya fishers. These 11. Talakop 2
gears are also recorded as among the highest fishing efforts in our recent Lift Nets 5
assessment (Gonzales et al 2017). The variations of gears and the amount 12. Bukatot Padaraw 4 1 of effort used to gather crab and shrimp resources give an idea on the Stop Seine catch of these resources. Hence, it is noteworthy to look into the 13. Gipit-Gipit 2 exploitation rate and biology of shrimps and crabs in the Sound, which has Cover Nets also implications to Irrawaddy dolphin, since these resources are indicated 14. Suklob 4 as critical food to dolphins.
28 29
30 31
23. Palapad 23. 1
1
22. Guong 22.
TOTAL
10 14 12 25 17 14 9 4 14 17 25 12 14 10 5
SET TRAPS SET
C. MISCELLANEOUS C.
2
30. Trawl Net Trawl 30.
2
21. Kiming 21.
F. OTHERS F.
2
20. Bubo Pangpusit Bubo 20.
7 5 19. Bubo Pang-isda Bubo 19. 29. Sisid 29.
7 7 28. Dakma 28. 18. Bubo Pang-alimasag Bubo 18.
27. Pana 27. 2 2 17. Bubo Pang-alimango Bubo 17.
E. HAND INSTRUMENT HAND E. Pots
26. Ganti-ganti 26. 1 16. Baklad Panghipon Baklad 16. 6
7 25. Kawil 25. 15. Baklad Pang-isda Baklad 15. 4
6 24. Kitang 24. Fish Corral Fish
B. BARRICADES AND TRAPS AND BARRICADES B. D. HOOK AND LINE AND HOOK D.
Guinlo Guinlo Guinlo Guinlo
Bato New Old Pancol Banbanan Alacalian Abongan Alacalian Banbanan Pancol Old New Bato Bato New Old Pancol Banbanan Alacalian Abongan Alacalian Banbanan Pancol Old New Bato
FISHING GEARS FISHING LOCATIONS FISHING GEARS FISHING LOCATIONS TOTAL TOTAL
GEAR OVERVIEW GEAR FISHING GEARS AND METHODS AND GEARS FISHING
32 33
used in the Malampaya Sound, Taytay Palawan, Philippines. Palawan, Taytay Sound, Malampaya the in used Table 2.2. Classification of fishing gears and methods methods and gears fishing of Classification 2.2. Table
4 5
GEAR OVERVIEW GEAR FISHING GEARS AND METHODS AND GEARS FISHING
34 35
Towing
Dragging; Active gear Active 15. Trawl 15.
OTHER NETS OTHER
Cover net Cover Passive gear Passive Falling 14. Suklob 14.
COVER NETS COVER
Stop seine Stop Active gear Active Lifting 13. Gipit-gipit 13. Skin dive Skin Active method Active Picking; holding Picking; 30. Sisid 30.
Hand pick Hand Active method Active Grasping; holding Grasping; 29. Dakma 29.
4 SEINE 5 STOP
Spear gun Spear Active gear Active Hitting; wounding Hitting;
28. Pana 28.
Lift net Lift Passive gear Passive Lifting 12. Bukatot padaraw Bukatot 12.
E. HAND INSTRUMENT HAND E.
LIFT NETS LIFT
Squid jigger Squid Attracting; bobbing Attracting; 27. Ganti-ganti 27.
Ring net Ring
Active gear Active Encircling
11. Talakop 11.
Simple handline Simple Passive gear Passive Attracting; bobbing Attracting; 26. Kawil 26.
Anchovy ring net ring Anchovy Active gear Active Encircling
10. Baring 10.
Bottom set longline set Bottom Passive gear Passive Attracting; hooking Attracting; 25. Kitang 25.
RING NETS RING
D. HOOK AND LINE AND HOOK D.
skimming net (deep) net skimming
Barrier trap Barrier Passive gear Passive Trapping 24. Palapad 24.
Shrimp push net / net push Shrimp Active gear Active Pushing; Lifting Pushing;
9. Sudsod panghipon Sudsod 9.
Fish trap Fish Passive gear Passive Trapping 23. Guong 23.
Push net (shallow) net Push Active gear Active Pushing; Lifting Pushing; 8. Sudsod pang-alamang Sudsod 8.
SET TRAPS SET
PUSH NETS PUSH
C. MISCELLANEOUS C.
Mobile shrimp gill net gill shrimp Mobile Passive gear Passive Gilling; Setting Gilling; 7. Lambat panghipon (hilada) panghipon Lambat 7. Thread n sh pot sh Thread n Passive gear Passive Trapping 22. Timing / kiming / Timing 22.
Set shrimp gill net gill shrimp Set Passive gear Passive Gilling; Setting Gilling; 6. Lambat panghipon (paunat) panghipon Lambat 6. Squid pot Squid Passive gear Passive Trapping 21. Bubo pangpusit Bubo 21.
Swimming crab gill net gill crab Swimming Passive gear Passive Gilling; Setting Gilling; 5. Lambat pang-alimasag Lambat 5. Fish pot Fish Passive gear Passive Trapping 20. Bubo pang-isda Bubo 20.
Set gill net gill Set Passive gear Passive Gilling; Setting Gilling; 4. Palubog 4. Swimming crab pot crab Swimming Passive gear Passive Trapping 19. Bubo pang-alimasag Bubo 19.
Bottom encircling gill net gill encircling Bottom Active gear Active Encircling 3. Panimbog 3. Mangrove crab pot crab Mangrove Passive gear Passive Trapping 18. Bubo pang-alimango Bubo 18.
(night time) (night
POTS
Encircling gill net gill Encircling Active gear Active Encircling 2. Paamag 2.
Shrimp corral Shrimp Passive gear Passive Trapping 17. Baklad panghipon Baklad 17. (for sardines) (for
Fish corral Fish Passive gear Passive Trapping 16. Baklad pang-isda Baklad 16. Encircling gill net gill Encircling Active gear Active Encircling 1. Kurantay 1.
CORRAL GILL NETS GILL
B. BARRICADES AND TRAP AND BARRICADES B. A. NETS A.
OPERATION OPERATION
REMARKS NAME LOCAL METHODS OF METHODS NAME ENGLISH REMARKS NAME LOCAL METHODS OF METHODS NAME ENGLISH
GEAR OVERVIEW GEAR FISHING GEARS AND METHODS AND GEARS FISHING 4 5 CHAPTER THREE
THE COMMERCIAL SPECIES IN MALAMPAYA SOUND:
Species caught by different gears
5 4
86 87
88 89
VS: Guno VS: VS: Talakitok; Putian Talakitok; VS:
CY: Guno CY: CY: Tarakitek CY:
TG: Guno TG: TG: Talakitok; Apahan Talakitok; TG:
EN: Endracht Hardyhead Endracht EN: EN: Caranx EN:
endrachtensis
4 chrypsophrys 5
Atherinomorus SN: Carangoides SN:
3 6 FN: Atherinidae FN: FN: Carangidae FN:
Bagudlong
VS: Salay-salay; Kalapato; Kalapato; Salay-salay; VS: VS: Tabangko; Kanduli Tabangko; VS:
CY: Salay-salay; Kalapato Salay-salay; CY: CY: Tabangungo Tabangungo CY:
TG: Salay-salay; Kalapato Salay-salay; TG: TG: Kanduli; Bungan Kanduli; TG:
EN: Yellowtail scad Yellowtail EN: EN: Sea Cat sh Sea EN:
Atule mate Atule SN: Arius maculatus Arius SN:
5 2 FN: Carangidae FN: FN: Ariidae FN:
Bilason
VS: Dalagang bukid; Dalagang VS: oong M angan, r a P , s bi I VS:
CY: Dalagang bukid Dalagang CY: : Buslit : Y C
TG: Dalagang bukid Dalagang TG: G: Buslit G: T
EN: Yellow-tailed Fusilier Yellow-tailed EN:
Caesio cuning Caesio SN: Ambassis kopsii Ambassis SN:
4 1 FN: Caesionidae FN: mbassidae A FN:
AMBASSIDAE / ARIIDAE / ATHERINIDAE / ARIIDAE / AMBASSIDAE CAESIONIDAE / CARANGIDAE / CAESIONIDAE
90 91
VS: Putian VS:
Putian
CY: Salamin-salamin, CY: VS: Lapis VS:
Putian CY: Lapis CY:
TG: Talakitok, Apahan, Talakitok, TG: TG: Lapis; Talang-talang Lapis; TG:
EN: Onion Trevally Onion EN:
4 Needleskin EN: 5
Carangoides uii Carangoides SN: Scomberoides tol Scomberoides SN:
12 9 FN: Carangidae FN: FN: Carangidae FN:
VS: Baulo VS: VS: Pampano VS:
CY: Baulo CY: CY: Pampano CY:
TG: Talakitok TG: TG: Pampano TG:
EN: Bigeye Trevally Bigeye EN: EN: Black pomfret Black EN:
Caranx sexfasciatus Caranx SN: Parastromateus niger Parastromateus SN:
11 8 FN: Carangidae FN: FN: Carangidae Carangidae FN:
VS: Talakitok; Putian Talakitok; VS:
VS: Pak-an; Kubal-kubal Pak-an; VS: CY: Tarakitek CY:
CY: Pakan; Mangko-mangko Pakan; CY: TG: Talakitok; Apahan Talakitok; TG:
TG: Pak-an TG: EN: Caranx EN:
EN: Hard-tail Scad Hard-tail EN: chrypsophrys
Megalaspis cordyla Megalaspis SN: Carangoides SN:
10 7 FN: Carangidae FN: FN: Carangidae FN:
CARANGIDAE CARANGIDAE
92 93
VS: Lapad; Tabagak Lapad; VS:
VS: Lapad VS: CY: Tamban; Tabagak Tamban; CY:
EN: Indian sprat Indian EN: TG: Tamban TG:
brachyosoma
4 Sardinella White EN: 5
Sardinella SN: Sardinella albella Sardinella SN:
18 15 FN: Clupeidae FN: FN: Clupeidae FN:
VS: Tunsoy, Tamban Tunsoy, VS:
CY: Turay, Tamban Turay, CY: CY: Kabasi CY:
TG: Lapad, Turay, Tunsoy Turay, Lapad, TG: EN: Chacunda gizzard shad gizzard Chacunda EN:
EN: Goldstripe sardinella Goldstripe EN: chacunda
Sardinella gibbosa Sardinella SN: Anodontostoma SN:
17 14 FN: Clupeidae FN: FN: Clupeidae FN:
VS: Tamban-Tuloy VS:
CY: Tuloy, Turay Tuloy, CY:
TG: Tamban-tuloy TG:
Sardinella
TG: Salay Salay TG: EN: Smooth Belly Smooth EN:
EN: Herring scad Herring EN: leiogaster
Alepes vari Alepes SN: Amblygaster SN:
16 13 FN: Carangidae FN: FN: Clupeidae FN:
CARANGIDAE / CLUPEIDAE / CARANGIDAE CLUPEIDAE
94 95
VS: Bayang VS: VS: Palad VS:
CY: Bayang, Layag-layag Bayang, CY: CY: Palad CY:
TG: Bayang TG: TG: Palad; Tampal-puki Palad; TG:
EN: Concertina- sh EN:
4 sole tounge Three-lined EN: 5
Drepane longimanus Drepane SN: Cynoglossus abbreviatus Cynoglossus SN:
21 24 FN: Drepanidae FN: FN: Cynoglossidae FN:
VS: Pagi VS:
CY: Pagi CY: Liwit VS:
TG: Pagi TG: Espada CY:
Ray Ispada TG:
EN: Round Ribbon-tail Round EN: hairtail Largehead EN:
Taeniura melanospilos Taeniura SN: japonicus Trichiurus SN:
23 20 FN: Dasyatidae FN: Trichiuridae FN:
VS: Pagi VS:
VS: Lapad VS: CY: Pagi CY:
CY: Tamban CY: TG: Pagi TG:
TG: Tamban Tamban TG: Mask Ray Mask
EN: Fringescale sardinella Fringescale EN: EN: Blue-spotted EN:
Sardinella mbriata Sardinella SN: Neotrygon orientalis Neotrygon SN:
22 19 FN: Clupeidae FN: FN: Dasyatidae FN:
DASYATIDAE / DREPANIDAE / DASYATIDAE CLUPEIDAE / TRICHIURIDAE / CYNOGLOSSIDAE / TRICHIURIDAE / CLUPEIDAE
96 97
VS: Batuanon, Latab Batuanon, VS:
Amorok Tigi-tigi VS:
CY: Bekad-Bekad, CY: Tigi-tigi CY:
TG: Amorok TG: Don-pilas Tigi-tigi; TG:
EN: Deep-bodied mojarra Deep-bodied EN:
4 thryssa Hamilton's EN: 5
Gerres abbreviatus Gerres SN: hamiltonii Thryssa SN:
30 27 FN: Gerreidae FN: Engraulidae FN:
VS: Latab VS:
CY: Amorok CY: CY: Dilis CY:
TG: Amorok TG: TG: Dilis TG:
EN: Common silver-biddy Common EN: EN: Commerson’s anchovy Commerson’s EN:
Gerres oyena Gerres SN: Stolephorus commersonii Stolephorus SN:
29 26 FN: Gerreidae FN: FN: Engraulidae FN:
VS: Latab VS:
CY: Bekad-bekad; Amorok Bekad-bekad; CY:
CY: Kiming CY: TG: Amorok TG:
EN: Live sharksucker Live EN: EN: Whip n silver-biddy Whip n EN:
Echeneis naucrates Echeneis SN: Gerres lamentosus Gerres SN:
28 25 FN: Echeneidae FN: FN: Gerreidae FN:
ECHENEIDAE / ENGRAULIDAE / ECHENEIDAE GERREIDAE
98 99
CY: Sapsap CY:
VS: Lepti; Inat Lepti; VS: TG: Sapsap TG:
CY: Kawengen CY: pony sh
TG: Bakuko; Lepti; Lambian Lepti; Bakuko; TG: EN: Deep pugnose Deep EN:
EN: Painted Sweetlips Painted EN:
4 insidiator 5
Plectorhinchus pictus Plectorhinchus SN: Deveximentum SN:
33 36 FN: Haemulidae FN: FN: Leiognathidae FN:
VS: Sasa; Boging Sasa; VS: VS: Sapsap VS:
CY: Kurit; Baritus Kurit; CY: CY: Sapsap CY:
TG: Baritus TG: TG: Sapsap TG:
EN: Long-billed Halfbeak Long-billed EN: EN: Splendens Pony sh Splendens EN:
Hemiramphus georgii Hemiramphus SN: Eubleekeria splendens Eubleekeria SN:
FN: Hemiramphidae FN: FN: Leiognathidae FN: 35 32
VS: Bugi, Sasa Bugi, VS: VS: Taksay VS:
CY: Baritus CY: CY: Lawayan; Sapsap Lawayan; CY:
TG: Buging TG: TG: Sapsap TG:
EN: Barred halfbeak Barred EN: EN: Common Pony sh Common EN:
Hyporhampus far Hyporhampus SN: Leiognathus equulus Leiognathus SN:
34 31 FN: Hemiramphidae FN: FN: Leiognathidae FN:
LEIOGNATHIDAE HEMIRAMPHIDAE / HAEMULIDAE / HEMIRAMPHIDAE
100 101
VS: Katambak, Kanuping Katambak, VS:
Leng-lenga, Demper Leng-lenga,
VS: Islawan VS:
Pula-arangag, Pula-arangag,
CY: Darag-darag CY:
CY: Amadas, Kanuping, Amadas, CY:
TG: Maya-maya TG:
TG: Kanuping TG:
EN: Blackspot Snapper Blackspot EN:
EN: Long n Emperor Long n EN:
Lutjanus fulvi amma Lutjanus
4 SN: 5
Lethrinus erythropterus Lethrinus SN:
FN: Lutjanidae Lutjanidae FN:
FN: Lethrinidae FN: 42 39
Kilyawan
Amadas
Kamang; Kalyaw; Kamang; VS:
VS: Kanuping; Katambak; Katambak; Kanuping; VS:
Saging-saging; Libintador Saging-saging;
Anoping
Darag-darag;
CY: Amadas;Pangalilyen; CY:
CY: Dalangdang; CY:
TG: Kanuping TG:
TG: Saging-saging TG:
EN: Pinkear emperor Pinkear EN:
EN: Bigeye Snapper Bigeye EN:
Lethrinus lentjan Lethrinus SN:
Lutjanus lutjanus Lutjanus SN:
38 FN: Lethrinidae FN:
FN: Lutjanidae FN: 41
VS: Sapsap; Damol-damol Sapsap; VS: VS: Isnaypir VS:
CY: Sapsap;Tapsay CY: CY: CY: Isnayper,Kiraw-kirawan
TG: Sapsap TG: TG: TG: Gapas-gapas, Malakapas Gapas-gapas,
EN: Toothed Pony sh Toothed EN: EN: EN: Forktail Large-eye bream Large-eye Forktail
Gazza minuta Gazza SN: SN: SN: Gymnocranius elongatus Gymnocranius
FN: Leiognathidae FN: FN: Lethrinidae FN: 40 37
LETHRINIDAE / LUTJANIDAE / LETHRINIDAE LEIOGNATHIDAE / LETHRINIDAE / LEIOGNATHIDAE
102 103
VS: Manilan-on VS:
Darag-darag
TG: Sulay-bagyo TG: CY: Saging-saging, Saging-saging, CY:
EN: Fringed le sh Fringed EN: TG: Saging-saging TG:
chinensis EN: Gold Banded Snapper Banded Gold EN:
Monacanthus SN:
Lutjanus carponotatus Lutjanus
4 SN: 5
FN: Monacanthidae Monacanthidae FN: 48 FN: Lutjanidae FN: 45
VS: Maya-maya VS:
VS: Kamag, Ugak, Maransing Ugak, Kamag, VS:
CY: Mangagat; Gingaw Mangagat; CY:
Dalangdang
Mangagat
Kamang,Libintador,
TG: Bambangin; TG:
CY: Saging-saging, Kalyaw, Saging-saging, CY:
EN: Mangrove Jack Mangrove EN:
TG: TG: Maya-maya, Kalyaw, Lagan Kalyaw, Maya-maya,
argentimaculatus
EN: Brown-striped snapper Brown-striped EN:
Lutjanus SN:
Lutjanus vitta Lutjanus SN:
47 FN: Lutjanidae FN: 44
FN: Lutjanidae FN:
Maya-maya Labungan;Aluman
VS: Maya-mayang buktot, Maya-mayang VS: VS: Awman; Islawan; Awman; VS:
Maya-mayang balabangen Maya-mayang Saging-saging
CY: Maya-mayang bugtot bugtot Maya-mayang CY: CY: Darag-darag; CY:
balang Saging-saging
TG: Maya-maya. Maya-mayang Maya-maya. TG: TG: Maya-maya; TG:
EN: Red Snapper Red EN: EN: Russells Snapper Russells EN:
Lutjanus sebae Lutjanus SN: Lutjanus russelli Lutjanus SN:
46 43 FN: Lutjanidae FN: FN: Lutjanidae Lutjanidae FN:
LUTJANIDAE / MONOCANTHIDAE / LUTJANIDAE LUTJANIDAE
104 105
VS: Abu VS: VS: Sunogan VS:
CY: Ulibalay CY: CY: Sunog CY:
TG: Abo; Alakaak Abo; TG: TG: Sunog; Buwaya Sunog; TG:
EN: Donkey croaker Donkey EN:
4 athead Bar-tailed EN: 5 Pennahia anea Pennahia SN: Platycephalus indicus Platycephalus SN:
FN: Sciaenidae FN: 51 54 FN: Platycephalidae FN:
VS: Karatkat VS: VS: Langkiza VS:
CY: Karatkat CY: CY: Kikiro CY:
TG: Bisugo TG: TG: Kikiro, Kitong, Kitang Kitong, Kikiro, TG:
EN: Paled- nned Thread n Paled- nned EN: EN: Spotted Scat Spotted EN:
Nemipterus marginatus Nemipterus SN: Scatophagus argus Scatophagus SN:
53 FN: Nemipteridae FN: FN: Scatophagidae FN: 50
VS: Babakan; Salmuniti Babakan; VS:
VS: Buka-dulsi VS: CY: Salmuniti; Obakan Salmuniti; CY:
CY: Bangus CY: TG: Saramulyete; Manitis Saramulyete; TG:
EN: Striped Thread n Striped EN: EN: Freckled Goat sh Freckled EN:
Polydactylus plebeius Polydactylus SN: Upeneus tragula Upeneus SN:
52 49 FN: Polynemidae FN: FN: Mullidae FN:
/ PLATYCEPHALIDAE / / SCIAENIDAE /
MULLIDAE / NEMIPTERIDAE / MULLIDAE POLYNEMIDAE / SCATOPHAGIDAE / POLYNEMIDAE
106 107
VS: Danggit VS: VS: Tangigi VS:
CY: Bararawan CY: CY: Tangigi CY:
TG: Samaral TG: TG: Tanguigi TG:
Spinefoot EN: Spanish Mackerel Spanish EN:
EN: White Spotted White EN:
4 commerson 5 Siganus canaliculatus Siganus SN: Scomberomorus SN:
FN: Siganidae FN: FN: Scombridae FN: 57 60
VS: Kitung VS:
CY: Barangen CY:
TG: Samaral TG: TG: Hasa-hasa TG:
EN: Java Rabbit sh Java EN: EN: Shortbodied mackerel Shortbodied EN:
Siganus javus Siganus SN: Rastrelliger brachysoma Rastrelliger SN:
FN: Siganidae FN: FN: Scombridae Scombridae FN: 59 56
VS: Burao; Kabalyetas Burao; VS:
VS: Gatasan VS: Kabalyetas
CY: Gatasan CY: CY: Sarimburao; CY:
TG: Bantol TG: TG: Alumahan TG:
EN: False Stone sh False EN: EN: Indian Mackerel Indian EN:
Scorpoaenosis sp. (Yq.) sp. Scorpoaenosis SN: Rastrelliger kanagurta Rastrelliger SN:
FN: Scorpaenidae FN: FN: Scombridae FN: 58 55
SCOMBRIDAE SCORPAENIDAE / SIGANIDAE / SCORPAENIDAE
108 109
VS: Bogaong VS: VS: Karaho; Tiki-tiki Karaho; VS:
CY: Bagaong; Taba-taba Bagaong; CY: CY: Ngirit-ngirit; Kuti-kuti Ngirit-ngirit; CY:
TG: Bagaong; Kanturis Bagaong; TG: TG: Karaho; Pugot Karaho; TG:
EN: Four-lined Tiger sh Four-lined EN:
4 Lizard sh Greater EN: 5 Terapon puta Terapon SN: Saurida tumbil Saurida SN:
66 63
FN: Teraponidae FN: FN: Synodontidae FN:
VS: Torsilyo VS:
VS: Asahos; Asohos Asahos; VS: CY: Tunggao CY:
CY: Haus-haus; Usahos Haus-haus; CY: TG: Torsilyo TG:
TG: Asohos; Haus-haus Asohos; TG: EN: Striped Barracuda Striped EN:
sihama Sillago SN:
Sphyraena obtusata Sphyraena SN:
65 62
FN: Sillaginidae FN: FN: Sphyraenidae FN:
VS: Torsilyo; Tirok; Bat-og Tirok; Torsilyo; VS: VS: Asahos; Asohos Asahos; VS:
CY: Torsilyo CY: Usahos
TG: Torsilyo TG: CY: Haus-haus; Aus-aus; Haus-haus; CY:
EN: Sawtooth Barracuda Sawtooth EN: TG: Asohos; Haus-haus Asohos; TG:
Sphyraena potnamiae Sphyraena SN: sihama Sillago SN:
61 64
FN: Sphyraenidae FN: FN: Sillaginidae FN:
SPHYRAENIDAE / TERAPONIDAE / SPHYRAENIDAE SILLAGINIDAE / SYNODONTIDAE / SILLAGINIDAE
110 111
VS: Alimasag, Kasag Alimasag, VS:
CY: Tarawis CY: TG: Alimasag TG:
4 Crab Swimmer Blue EN: 5 Portunus pelagicus Portunus SN:
69
FN: Portunidae FN:
VS: Butiti VS:
CY: Butete CY:
TG: Butete TG:
EN: Blaasop EN:
Lagocephalus sp. Lagocephalus SN:
68
FN: Tetraodontidae FN:
VS: Sulay-bagyo VS:
CY: Sulay-bagyo CY:
TG: Sulay-bagyo TG:
Triplespine
EN: Blotch-backed Blotch-backed EN:
Tripodichthys blochi Tripodichthys SN:
67
FN: Triacanthidae FN:
/ PORTUNIDAE / TRIACANTHIDAE / TETRAODONTIDAE / TRIACANTHIDAE
112 113
Kalapato/Salay-Salay Needleskin Queen sh Needleskin Lapis Yellow Scad Yellow
Kabasi Painted Sweetlips Painted Labian Gizzard Chacunda Shad Chacunda Gizzard
Hipon Sea Cat sh Sea Kanduli Shrimp
Hasa hasa Hasa Chacunda Gizzard Shad Gizzard Chacunda Kabasi Shortbodied Mackerel Shortbodied
Don Pilas Don Shortbodied Mackerel Shortbodied Hasa-Hasa Hamilton's thryssa Hamilton's
Dalagang Bukid Dalagang Yellow-Tailed Fusilier Yellow-Tailed Dalagang Bukid Dalagang Yellow-Tailed Fusilier Yellow-Tailed
Paled- nned Thread n Paled- nned Bisugo Blue-spotted Gray Mullet Gray Blue-spotted
Banak Sillago Asohos
4 Mullet Scaled Diamond 5
3. Panimbog 3. Balila Indian Mackerel Indian Alumahan Wolf Herring Wolf
Asohos Sillago sp. Sillago
Apahan
Trevally Striped Barracuda Striped
Alumahan/Burao
Indian Mackerel Indian Torsilyo Sawtooth Barracuda Sawtooth
Alakaak Palubog 4.
Croaker Tanigue Spanish Mackerel Spanish
Toothed Pony sh Toothed
Striped Barracuda Striped Deep Pugnose Pony sh Pugnose Deep
Sawtooth Barracuda Sawtooth Torsilyo Splendens Pony sh Splendens
Goldstrip sardinella Goldstrip Tunsoy Sapsap Common Pony sh Common
Smooth Belly Sardinella Belly Smooth Tamban-tuloy Salay Herring Scad Herring
White Sardinella White Tabagak Tabagak Common Mojarra Common
Toothed Pony sh Toothed Amorok Whip n Mojarra Whip n
Deep Pugnose Pony sh Pugnose Deep Kanduli Sea Cat sh Sea
Splendens Pony sh Splendens Kabasi Chacunda Gizzard Shad Gizzard Chacunda
Common Pony sh Common Sapsap Hipon Shrimp
White Spotted Spinefoot Spotted White Alumahan Indian Mackerel Indian
Java Rabbit sh Java Samaral Blue-spotted Gray Mullet Gray Blue-spotted
Yellow Scad Yellow Salay salay /Kalapato salay Salay Banak 2. Paamag 2. Diamond Scaled Mullet Scaled Diamond
Yellow-striped Trevally Yellow-striped Salay ginto Salay
White sardinella White Emperor Tabagak Tabagak Puday baho Puday
Brown striped Snapper striped Brown Sardnella Blacktip Lupoy Meransing
Common Mojarra Common sardinella Goldstrip Tunsoy
Whip n Mojarra Whip n thryssa Hamilton's y a t n a r u K 1. Don Pilas Don Amorok
of Catch of of Catch of of Catch of of Catch of
English Name English English Name English ear G ishing F ear G ishing F Local Name Local Local Name Local
Table 3.1 3.1 Table Species catch Species Table 3.1 3.1 Table Species catch Species SUMMARY OF CATCH PER GEAR PER CATCH OF SUMMARY
114 115
Blue Swimming Crab Swimming Blue Alimasag Toothed Pony sh Toothed
Sea Cat sh Sea Kanduli Deep Pugnose Pony sh Pugnose Deep
Toothed Pony sh Toothed Splendens Pony sh Splendens
Deep Pugnose Pony sh Pugnose Deep Common Pony sh Common Sapsap
Splendens Pony sh Splendens White Spotted Spinefoot Spotted White
(Paunat)
Striped Barracuda Striped Java Rabbit sh Java Samaral
Panghipon
Common Pony sh Common Sapsap Yellow Scad Yellow Salay salay/Kalapato Salay
6. Lambat 6. Shrimp Hipon Blotched-Backed Triplespine Blotched-Backed
4 Bagyo Salay 5 Trigger sh Pugot
Mantis Shrimp Mantis Kanduli Pang-alimasag Pitik Sea Cat sh Sea
Black Pomfret Black Alimasag 5. Lambat 5. Pampano Blue Swimming Crab Swimming Blue
Three-lined Tougne Sole Tougne Three-lined Palad
Blacktip Sardinella Blacktip
Lupoy
Goldstrip sardinella Goldstrip Tunsoy
Grouper
Lapu-lapu
Trevally Talakitok
Spotted Scat Spotted
kikiro Striped Barracuda Striped
Sea Cat sh Sea
Kanduli
Sawtooth Barracuda Sawtooth Torsilyo
Lizard Fish Lizard
Karaho
Lizard Fish Lizard Karaho
Chacunda Gizzard Shad Gizzard Chacunda
Kabasi Toothed Pony sh Toothed
Shrimp Hipon Deep Pugnose Pony sh Pugnose Deep
Shortbodied Mackerel Shortbodied Hasa hasa Hasa Splendens Pony sh Splendens
Hamilton's thryssa Hamilton's Don pilas Don
Common Pony sh Common Sapsap
Silver Toad sh Silver Botete
Yellow-striped Trevally Yellow-striped Salay ginto Salay
Gobies Biya
Scad Salay Aso Salay
Paled- nned Thread n Paled- nned Bisugo
Penant sh Penant Salamin-Salamin
Blue-spotted Gray Mullet Gray Blue-spotted
Black Pomfret Black Pampano
Diamond Scaled Mullet Scaled Diamond Banak
Hard-tail Scad Hard-tail Pak-an
Common Mojarra Common Common Mojarra Common
Whip n Mojarra Whip n Amorok
Whip n Mojarra Whip n
Amorok
(Hilada)
Sillago sp. Sillago Asohos
Needleskin Queen sh Needleskin
Lapis
Panghipon
Indian Mackerel Indian Alumahan
White Sardinella White
Tabagak
7. Lambat 7.
Blue-swimming Crab Blue-swimming Alimasag
Sea Cat sh Sea Kanduli
of Catch of of Catch of of Catch of of Catch of
English Name English English Name English ear G ishing F ear G ishing F Local Name Local Local Name Local
Table 3.1 3.1 Table Species catch Species Table 3.1 3.1 Table Species catch Species SUMMARY OF CATCH PER GEAR PER CATCH OF SUMMARY
116 117
Dorado
Dolphin Fish Dolphin Toothed Pony sh Toothed
Bulan-Bulan
Tarpon Deep Pugnose Pony sh Pugnose Deep
Alumahan
Indian Mackerel Indian Splendens Pony sh Splendens
Salay-Salay/Kalapato Talakop 11.
Yellow Scad Yellow Common Pony sh Common Sapsap Sapsap
Yellow Scad Yellow Salay Salay
Sand shrimp Sand Suwahe Suwahe Tarpon Bulan-Bulan
Scorpion sh Lupo Lupo Large Hairtail Large Espada
Hamilton's thryssa Hamilton's Don Pilas Pilas Don Dolphin Fish Dolphin Dorado
Longbilled-Halfbeak Baritus Baritus 4 Queen sh Needleskin 5 Lapis
Cardinal Fish Cardinal Buslit Buslit Scad Matambaka
Sillago Sillago Asohos Asohos Penant sh Penant Salamin-Salamin
Common Mojarra Common Trevally Talakitok
Whip n Mojarra Whip n Amorok Amorok Panghipon Indian Mackerel Indian Alumahan
Blue Swimming Crab Swimming Blue Alimasag Alimasag 9. Sudsod 9. Shortbodied Mackerel Shortbodied Hasa hasa Hasa
Striped Barracuda Striped
Sawtooth Barracuda Sawtooth
Torsilyo/Tunggao Hamilton's thryssa Hamilton's Tigi
Yellow Scad Yellow
Salay-Salay/Kalapato Goby Tabyos
Herring Scad Herring
Salay Sand shrimp Sand Swahe
Goldstrip sardinella Goldstrip
Lupoy Toothed Pony sh Toothed
Four-Saddled Herring Four-Saddled
Salinyasi Deep Pugnose Pony sh Pugnose Deep
White sardinella White
Tamban Splendens Pony sh Splendens
Sea Cat sh Sea
Kanduli Common Pony sh Common Sapsap
Goldstrip sardinella Goldstrip
Tunsoy Shrimp Hipon
Toothed Pony sh Toothed
White Spotted Spinefoot Spotted White
Deep Pugnose Pony sh Pugnose Deep
Java Rabbit sh Java Dangit/Samaral
Splendens Pony sh Splendens
Silver Toad sh Silver Botete Pang-alamang
Common Pony sh Common
Sapsap Alamang 8. Sudsod 8.
Anchovy 10. Baring 10. Dilis
Sand shrimp Sand Swahe
Sulay-Bagyo Sulay-Bagyo Blotched-Backed Triplespine Blotched-Backed Flathead Sunog
Sunog Sunog Flathead Prawn Sugpo
of Catch of of Catch of of Catch of of Catch of
English Name English English Name English ear G ishing F ear G ishing F Local Name Local Local Name Local
Table 3.1 3.1 Table Species catch Species Table 3.1 3.1 Table Species catch Species SUMMARY OF CATCH PER GEAR PER CATCH OF SUMMARY
118 119
Scat Kitang
Shortbodied Mackerel Shortbodied Hasa hasa Hasa Salay Ginto Salay Yellow Scad Yellow
Sardinella Tamban Salay Herring Scad Herring
Scad Salay Pusit Squid
Toothed Pony sh Toothed Lupoy Blacktip Sardinella Blacktip
Deep Pugnose Pony sh Pugnose Deep Lupo Scorpion sh
Splendens Pony sh Splendens Kanuping Emperor
Common Pony sh Common Sapsap Hipon Shrimp
Baraccuda 4 Torsilyo 5 Hasa hasa Hasa Shortbodied Mackerel Shortbodied
Grouper Lapu Guno Endracht Hardyhead Endracht
Snapper Pang-isda Bangbangin Dilis Anchovy
Rabbit Fish Rabbit 15. Baklad 15. Samaral/Danggit Buslit Cardinal Fish Cardinal
Padaraw Bisugo Thread n
Loba Suklob 14.
Green Grouper Green 12. Bukatot 12. Alumahan Indian Mackerel Indian
Bangbangin Snapper Toothed Pony sh Toothed
Kitang Scat Deep Pugnose Pony sh Pugnose Deep
White Spotted Spinefoot Spotted White Splendens Pony sh Splendens
13. Gipit-gipit 13.
Samaral/Danggit Java Rabbit sh Java Striped Barracuda Striped
Sapsap Common Pony sh Common
Tunsoy Tulingan Gold tip sardinella tip Gold Tuna
Torsilyo Torsilyo/Tongao Barracuda Sawtooth Barracuda Sawtooth
Tauban Tamban-tuloy Cuttle sh
Talakitok Talakitok Trevally Trevally
Tabagak Salamin-Salamin White sardinella White Penant sh Penant
Suwahe Matambaka Sand shrimp Sand Scad
Sulay-Bagyo Lupoy Blotched-Backed Triplespine Blotched-Backed Blacktip Sardinella Blacktip
Lapis Toothed Pony sh Toothed Queen sh
Kanduli Deep Pugnose Pony sh Pugnose Deep Sea Cat sh Sea
Hasa hasa Hasa Splendens Pony sh Splendens Shortbodied Mackerel Shortbodied
Sapsap Espada Common Pony sh Common Large Hairtail Large
of Catch of of Catch of of Catch of of Catch of
English Name English English Name English ear G ishing F ear G ishing F Local Name Local Local Name Local
Table 3.1 3.1 Table Species catch Species Table 3.1 3.1 Table Species catch Species SUMMARY OF CATCH PER GEAR PER CATCH OF SUMMARY
120 121
Freckled Goat sh Freckled Salmuniti/Obakan
Blotched-Backed Triplespine Blotched-Backed Salay Bagyo Salay
White Spotted Spinefoot Spotted White
Lupo Scorpion sh
Java Rabbit sh Java Samaral/Danggit
Kikiro Scat
Fringed File sh Fringed Sulay-Bagyo
Kanduli Sea Cat sh Sea
Bigeye Snapper Bigeye Saging-saging
Hipon Shrimp
Toothed Pony sh Toothed
Danggit Palapad 23. Rabbit Fish Rabbit
Deep Pugnose Pony sh Pugnose Deep
Splendens Pony sh Splendens
Loba
4 Grouper Green 5
Common Pony sh Common Sapsap
Kanduli Guong 22.
Sea Cat sh Sea
Yellow Scad Yellow Salay-Salay/Kalapato
Black Pomfret Black Pampano
21. Timing/Kiming 21. Thread n
Bisugo
Hard-tail Scad Hard-tail Pak-an
Needleskin Queen sh Needleskin Lapis Pangpusit
Lizard Fish Lizard Kalaso
Pusit 20. Bubo 20. Squid
Long n Emperor Long n Kanuping
Shrimp
Hipon
White Spotted Spinefoot Spotted White
Endracht Hardyhead Endracht
Guno
Java Rabbit sh Java Samaral/Danggit
Fourlined Tiger sh Fourlined
Bogaong
Grouper Lapu- Lapu Lapu-
Tropical Gar sh Tropical
Boging/Baritus
Sea Cat sh Sea Kanduli
Sillago sp. Sillago
Asohos
Indian Mackerel Indian Alumahan
Indian Mackerel Indian
Alumahan
Acetes spp. Acetes 19. Bubo Pang-isda Bubo 19. Alamang
Whip n Mojarra Whip n Amorok Panghipon
Remora 16. Baklad 16.
Pang-alimasag
18. Bubo 18. Blue Swimming Crab Swimming Blue Alimasag
Tauban cuttle sh
Pusit Squid
Pang-alimango
Sugpo Prawn
Alimango 17. Bubo 17.
Mud Crab Mud Alimasag Blue Swimming Crab Swimming Blue
Lipte Sweetlips
Tabaong Banak Box sh Box Mullet
Swahe Meransing Sand shrimp Sand Brown striped Snapper striped Brown
of Catch of of Catch of of Catch of of Catch of
English Name English English Name English ear G ishing F ear G ishing F Local Name Local Local Name Local
Table 3.1 3.1 Table Species catch Species Table 3.1 3.1 Table Species catch Species SUMMARY OF CATCH PER GEAR PER CATCH OF SUMMARY
122 123
Grouper Ulpot
Spanish Mackerel Spanish Tanigue
Yellow Scad Yellow Salay -salay Salay
Yellow-striped Trevally Yellow-striped Salay ginto Salay
Gold-banded Snapper Gold-banded
Sand shrimp Sand Suwahe
Russell's Snapper Russell's
Prawn 4 Sugpo 5
Bigeye Snapper Bigeye /Maya-Maya
Toothed Pony sh Toothed
Brown -Striped Snapper -Striped Brown Saging-saging
Deep Pugnose Pony sh Pugnose Deep
Grouper Pugaro
Splendens Pony sh Splendens
Sea Cat sh Sea Kanduli
Common Pony sh Common Sapsap
Tropical Gar sh Tropical Boging
Scorpion sh Lupo
Fourlined Tiger sh Fourlined Bugaong
Scat Kikiro
Paled- nned Thread n Paled- nned Bisugo
Sea Cat sh Sea Kanduli
Gar sh Balo
Thread n Bisugo
Sillago Sillago Asohos
Blue Swimming Crab Swimming Blue 30. Trawl 30. Alimasag
Croaker Alakaak (abo) Alakaak 25. Kawil 25.
White Spotted Spinefoot Spotted White
Snapper Maya-Maya
Samaral/Danggit
Java Rabbit sh Java
Thread n Bisugo
Lapu -lapu Lapu
Grouper Long n Emperor Long n
Kikiro
Spotted Scat Spotted
Pinkear Emperor Pinkear 24. Kitang 24. Kanuping
Alimasag 29. Sisid 29. Blue-swimming Crab Blue-swimming
Suwahe Sand shrimp Sand
Blue Swimming Crab Swimming Blue Sulay Bagyo Sulay 28. Dakma 28. Blotched-Backed Triplespine Blotched-Backed Alimasag
Sugpo Prawn
Suran Unicorn sh Unicorn Toothed Pony sh Toothed
Mulmol Pana 27. Parrot sh Deep Pugnose Pony sh Pugnose Deep
Splendens Pony sh Splendens
Sap-sap Common Pony sh Common Squid 26. Ganti-ganti 26. Pusit
of Catch of of Catch of of Catch of of Catch of
English Name English English Name English ear G ishing F ear G ishing F Local Name Local Local Name Local
Table 3.1 3.1 Table Species catch Species Table 3.1 3.1 Table Species catch Species SUMMARY OF CATCH PER GEAR PER CATCH OF SUMMARY 4 5 CHAPTER FOUR
GEAR SEASONALITY
5 4
124 125
126 127
Fig. 4.1 Monthly average catch(kg) of gears per day in Malampaya Sound, Palawan. Sound, Malampaya in day per gears of catch(kg) average Monthly 4.1 Fig.
r e b m e c e D
s h t n o M r e b m e v o N
r e b o t c 4 5 O
r e b m e t p e S o n a m
0
- o n a m o m a p
t s u g u A n o p i h pang
d u s d u S
2
y l u J
o n a m
- o n a m g n a m a l a
e n u J
4 d Pang- d u s d u S
y a M
6 g o b u l a P
l i r p A
/ g o b m i T
8 h c r a
C M
a g a s a m i l a - g n a
p t
c
h y r a u r b e F Kuwatro g n a t a
M
( 0 1
k
g)
y r a u n a J
g a s a m i l a
2 1
t o t a k u B
g n a m a l a
n o p i h pang matang kuwatro matang g a s a m i l a n o p i h g n a p g o b u l a P
4 1
n o p i h g n a p
pang-alimasag
pang- pang- d o s d u S o m a P
t o t a k u B o m a P
/ g o b m i T
Lambat
d o s d u S
6 1
white shades represent intensity of opera�on per month per opera�on of intensity represent shades white Table 4.1 Monthly average occurrence of fishing gear opera�ons in Malampaya Sound; Malampaya in opera�ons gear fishing of occurrence average Monthly 4.1 Table GEAR SEASONALITY GEAR
128 129
Gillnet no. 4 = Matang kuwatro. kuwatro. Matang = 4 no. Gillnet
panghipon; Fish gillnet = Palubog; Skimming net = Sudsod pang-alamang; Gillnet no. 12 = Panimbog; Panimbog; = 12 no. Gillnet pang-alamang; Sudsod = net Skimming Palubog; = gillnet Fish panghipon;
January 2007 (Gonzales and Matillano 2008). Crab pot = Bukatot alimasag; Shrimp gillnet = Lambat Lambat = gillnet Shrimp alimasag; Bukatot = pot Crab 2008). Matillano and (Gonzales 2007 January 2016 (Gonzales et al, 2017) al, et (Gonzales 2016
Fig. 4.2 Catch per unit effort of important fishing gears in Malampaya Inner Sound August 2006 to to 2006 August Sound Inner Malampaya in gears fishing important of effort unit per Catch 4.2 Fig. Fig. 4.3 Catch per unit effort of important fishing gears in Malampaya Inner Sound April to August August to April Sound Inner Malampaya in gears fishing important of effort unit per Catch 4.3 Fig.
4 # t e N l l i G e s r u P y b a
4 B 5
) k o m s u r ( t i p i g t i p i G ) 4 . o n t e n l l i G ( Kuwatro g n a t a M ) p a r t b a r C ( g a s a m i l a t o t a k u B
2 1 # t e N l l i G g n i m m i k S l i G h s i F l i G p m i r h S t o P b a r C
) 2 1 . o n t e n l l i G ( g o b m i n a P ) t e n l l i G p m i r h S ( n o p i h g n a P t a b m a L
) t e n l l i g h s i F ( g o b u l a P ) t e n g n i m m i k S ( g n a m a l Pang-a d o s d u S n a J c e D v o N t c O t p e S g u A
0
t s u g u A y l u J e n u J y a M l i r p A
0
2
4 5
C
P
U
E
8
0 1
0 1
12
5 1
7 0 0 2 - 6 0 0 2
6 1 0 2 GEAR SEASONALITY GEAR
130 131
2006 (Gonzales and Matillano 2008) Matillano and (Gonzales 2006 2016 (Gonzales et al, 2017) al, et (Gonzales 2016 Fig. 4.4 Fisher’s estimation of monthly average catch of main fishing gears in Malampaya Inner Sound in in Sound Inner Malampaya in gears fishing main of catch average monthly of estimation Fisher’s 4.4 Fig.
Fig. 4.5 Fisher’s estimation of monthly average catch of main fishing gears in Malampaya Inner Sound in in 4Sound Inner Malampaya in gears fishing main of catch average monthly of estimation Fisher’s 4.5 Fig. 5
p a r T b a r C l l i G b a r C 9 l l i G h s i F l l i G p m i r h S
l l i G b a r C p a r T b a r C l l i G p m i r h S 9 # t e n l l i G
c e D t c O t p e S g u A l u J n u J y a M r p A r a M b e F n a J v o N
t c O t p e S g u A l u J n u J y a M r p A r a M b e F n a J c e D v o N
5 2
0
0 5 E S
T
I 0 0 1 M
A
5 7 T E
D
V
O
0 0 1 L
0 0 2 U
M E
O
5 2 1 F
C
A
0 0 3 T C
H 0 5 1
5 7 1 0 0 4
6 1 0 2 6 0 0 2 GEAR SEASONALITY GEAR
132 133
enactment of pertinent laws and regulations. and laws pertinent of enactment
information generation on landings and spawning coupled with the the with coupled spawning and landings on generation information
Hence, the crab fisheries in the Sound should be sustained through through sustained be should Sound the in fisheries crab the Hence,
harvest of crab resources in the area. area. the in resources crab of harvest indiscriminate
gears with high fishing effort in the Sound, which connotes connotes which Sound, the in effort fishing high with gears the
4 of one is pot Crab Sound. the in resources crab depleting indicate may 5
The decrease in the catching period and volume of catch of crab pots pots crab of catch of volume and period catching the in decrease The
to August and ending in November. in ending and August to
which in 2016 the catching season started in June, having a peak in July July in peak a having June, in started season catching the 2016 in which
October in 2006, which is consistent through the years (Fig. 4.4) of of 4.4) (Fig. years the through consistent is which 2006, in October
For the shrimp gill net, the peak season starts sometime in May to to May in sometime starts season peak the net, gill shrimp the For
the fishing grounds from January to June (Fig. 4.1). (Fig. June to January from grounds fishing the
dominates dominates period, operation gear of terms In matang 4 pang-alimasag 4 matang
kg in 2017 (from April to September instead of the whole year). whole the of instead September to April (from 2017 in kg
catching periods have become shorter and the CPUE is lower than 120 120 than lower is CPUE the and shorter become have periods catching
120-140 kg per month from January to December 2006, but the the but 2006, December to January from month per kg 120-140
The crab pot has consistent catch with average CPUE ranging from from ranging CPUE average with catch consistent has pot crab The
extremely high CPUE (Fig. 4.3). (Fig. CPUE high extremely
is only used in the month of July with with July of month the in used only is The (August). month Gipi-gipit Gipi-gipit
years after, the catch of this gear has dramatically decreased in the same same the in decreased dramatically has gear this of catch the after, years
catch in August, while it has no catch in October in 2006. However, 10 10 However, 2006. in October in catch no has it while August, in catch
(Figs. 4.4 - 4.5). Fish gillnet no. 12 has an extremely high high extremely an has 12 no. gillnet Fish 4.5). - 4.4 (Figs. and Gipit-gipit
especially those catching small pelagic fishes such as: fish gill net no. 12 12 no. net gill fish as: such fishes pelagic small catching those especially
Some fishing gears in Malampaya Inner Sound are highly seasonal, seasonal, highly are Sound Inner Malampaya in gears fishing Some GEAR SEASONALITY GEAR 4 5 CHAPTER FIVE
I. MAPS OF DIFFERENT FISHING GEAR LOCATIONS IN MALAMPAYA SOUND
II. MAPS OF DOLPHIN INTERACTION
WITH FISHING GEARS
5 4
134 135 ENCIRCLING GENERAL MAP GILLNET (HILAY)
SUDSOD ALAMANG
BAKLAD MALALIM
COMBINED (BAKLAD - LIFTNET) DOLPHIN INTERACTION:DOLPHIN INTERACTION: ENCIRCLING GILLNET LAMBAT PANGHIPON DOLPHIN INTERACTION: DOLPHIN INTERACTION: LAMBAT PANGHIPON PALUBOG
36 37
Sound. towards the perimeter net. perimeter the towards
nets together with crab traps as threats to Irrawaddy dolphins in Malampaya Malampaya in dolphins Irrawaddy to threats as traps crab with together nets the school of fish in shallow waters, and scares the fish school from the center center the from school fish the scares and waters, shallow in fish of school the
On the other hand, Gonzales and Matillano (2008) identified shrimp and fish gill gill fish and shrimp identified (2008) Matillano and Gonzales hand, other the On nets with the intention to increase the catch. The encircling gill net encircles encircles net gill encircling The catch. the increase to intention the with nets
fishing may increase catch, but has negative effects to the seabed ecosystem. ecosystem. seabed the to effects negative has but catch, increase may fishing net, but later some modified the operation by towing, pushing, or encircling the the encircling or pushing, towing, by operation the modified some later but net,
that catches swimming crabs. Disturbing the sea bottom while while bottom sea the Disturbing crabs. swimming catches that Pang-alimsag Pang-alimsag Gill nets are originally non-mobile nets (Gonzales 1997), except for drift gill gill drift for except 1997), (Gonzales nets non-mobile originally are nets Gill
, that catches fish (Fig. 2.6), and the the and 2.6), (Fig. fish catches that , the are fishermen Lambat Lambat Palubog
hence, easily gets caught in the net. Other gill nets used by Malampaya Malampaya by used nets gill Other net. the in caught gets easily hence, water surface; and bottom gill net, which is set at the sea bottom. sea the at set is which net, gill bottom and surface; water
Towing the net disturbs the sea bottom that may cause the shrimp to jump jump to shrimp the cause may that bottom sea the disturbs net the Towing
4 the at or near drift current to allowed and set is which net, gill drift surface; 5
three basic types of gill nets: surface gill net, which is set at or near the water water the near or at set is which net, gill surface nets: gill of types basic three
cm (Gonzales and Matillano 2008). 2008). Matillano and (Gonzales cm the fish passage within the swimming layer of fish to effect catching. There are are There catching. effect to fish of layer swimming the within passage fish the
towed by a boat to catch shrimps. The mesh size number 9 is equivalent to 3.3 3.3 to equivalent is 9 number size mesh The shrimps. catch to boat a by towed headline with floats. JICA (1986) defines gill nets as a net set vertically to block block to vertically set net a as nets gill defines (1986) JICA floats. with headline
) is made of multi-filament twine (no. 9) set or or set 9) (no. twine multi-filament of made is ) ( of Hilada Panghipon Lambat nets are basically a series of panels of meshes with the lead footrope and a a and footrope lead the with meshes of panels of series a basically are nets
of mono line (No. 9) set at the bottom designed to catch shrimps, while the net net the while shrimps, catch to designed bottom the at set 9) (No. line mono of mesh sizes depend on the size of target species. According to Jawad (2006), gill gill (2006), Jawad to According species. target of size the on depend sizes mesh
) is a stationary gear made up up made gear stationary a is ) ( Panghipon Lambat 2.4-2.7). (Figs. Paunat alimasag captured. Fishes become snagged at the mesh of the net as they swim, while while swim, they as net the of mesh the at snagged become Fishes captured.
, and and , ), ( ), ( - Pang Lambat Palubog Hilada Panghipon Lambat Paunat Panghipon selective fishing gear with respect to the size and range of target species species target of range and size the to respect with gear fishing selective
Fishers in Malampaya Sound further use four types of set gill nets: nets: gill set of types four use further Sound Malampaya in Fishers Lambat Lambat their meshes get entangled. Gill nets are considered as one of the most most the of one as considered are nets Gill entangled. get meshes their
positioned in the water column by floats and sinkers. Fishes that pass through through pass that Fishes sinkers. and floats by column water the in positioned
(Table 3.1). 3.1). (Table
Gill nets are a wall of nets suspended perpendicular to sea bottom vertically vertically bottom sea to perpendicular suspended nets of wall a are nets Gill
fishes such as mackerels mackerels as such fishes
GILL NETS GILL
1 as sea catfish and surface surface and catfish sea as
catches bottom fishes such such fishes bottom catches
also also while fishes, Panimbog Panimbog
such as mackerel and pony pony and mackerel as such trawl, and cover net. net. cover and trawl,
both demersal and pelagic pelagic and demersal both used in Malampaya Sound: gill net, push net, ring net, lift net, stop seine, seine, stop net, lift net, ring net, push net, gill Sound: Malampaya in used
individual parts of the net (Umali, 1950). Seven kinds of net gears are being being are gears net of kinds Seven 1950). (Umali, net the of parts individual catches a variety of species species of variety a catches
opening or meshes of uniform, or almost uniform sizes, at least in the the in least at sizes, uniform almost or uniform, of meshes or opening sardines (Table 3.1); 3.1); (Table sardines Paamag Paamag
Nets are fishing gear that usually made up of woven or knitted fabrics with with fabrics knitted or woven of up made usually that gear fishing are Nets
mainly catches catches mainly Kurantay Kurantay
NETS
(Figs. 2.1-2.3). 2.1-2.3). (Figs. and Panimbog Panimbog
, , nets: gill Paamag, Paamag, Kurantay
use three types of encircling encircling of types three use
FISHING GEARS IN GEARS FISHING MALAMPAYA SOUND MALAMPAYA
Fishers in Malampaya Sound Sound Malampaya in Fishers
FISHING GEARS IN MALAMPAYA SOUND MALAMPAYA IN GEARS FISHING
Encircling Gill Nets Gill Encircling
FISHING GEARS AND METHODS AND GEARS FISHING NETS NETS NETS Encircling Gill Nets Encircling Gill Nets
Figure 2.1A. Kurantay
Figure 2.1B. Figure 2.2A. Paamag A Kurantay net being repaired
on land
5 4
Figure 2.2B. A Paamag gill net on shore
38 39
40 41
Panimbog Panimbog gill net gill a operating Fishers 2.3B. Figure Lambat Panghipon Panghipon Lambat in between fishing trips fishing between in mending Fisher 2.4B. Figure
4 5
Panimbog 2.3A. e r igu F
Lambat Panghipon (Paunat) Panghipon Lambat 2.4A. e r igu F
Encircling Gill Nets Gill Encircling Encircling Gill Nets Gill Encircling
NETS NETS
42 43
Lambat Panghipon (Hilada) Panghipon Lambat Figure 2.5B. A shrimp caught in in caught shrimp A 2.5B. Figure
4 5
gill net gill
Palubog handling a a handling
Lambat Panghipon (Hilada) Panghipon Lambat 2.5A. e r igu F
Figure 2.6B. A fisher A 2.6B. Figure
alubog P e 2.6A. e r igu F
Set Gill Nets Gill Set Set Gill Nets Gill Set
NETS NETS
44 45
Lambat Pang-alimasag Pang-alimasag Lambat on-shore (left) and fisher removing crab from net (right) net from crab removing fisher and (left) on-shore 2.7B. Figure
4 necessary. are gear this on regulations appropriate hence, environment, 5 nets operation likewise disturb the sea bottom thereby affecting the bottom bottom the affecting thereby bottom sea the disturb likewise operation nets
reproduce, and perpetuate their species and population in the locality. Push Push locality. the in population and species their perpetuate and reproduce,
of push nets (Avillanosa 2006). This practice denies the young fishes to grow, grow, to fishes young the denies practice This 2006). (Avillanosa nets push of
) the target species species target the ) ( spp. are nets push of catch the of 22% Only alamang acetes
and snappers, etc.) as by-catches, which are discarded at the shores by fishers. fishers. by shores the at discarded are which by-catches, as etc.) snappers, and
juvenile and young individuals of commercially important species (e.g. groupers groupers (e.g. species important commercially of individuals young and juvenile
sensibly. Aside from target species, the 2 mm mesh size of push net also catches catches also net push of size mesh mm 2 the species, target from Aside sensibly.
Push nets could be detrimental to fisheries resources of the Sound if not used used not if Sound the of resources fisheries to detrimental be could nets Push
(Figs. 2.8 and 2.9). and 2.8 (Figs. pang-hipon
(usually water at waist level), which is larger in size than than size in larger is which level), waist at water (usually Sudsod Sudsod alamang Sudsud
in deeper waters (waters up to neck level) than than level) neck to up (waters waters deeper in operate Sudsod panghipon panghipon Sudsod
catches shrimp. According to the fishermen, they they fishermen, the to According shrimp. catches while Sudsod panghipon panghipon Sudsod
limasag / Matang Kuwatro Matang / limasag -a ang P t a Lamb 2.7A. e r igu F
spp.), spp.), ( shrimp small catch to intends The catch. acetes pang-alamang Sudsud
Two types of push nets are used in Malampaya Sound. They differ in target target in differ They Sound. Malampaya in used are nets push of types Two
opening and raising the net from time to time. time. to time from net the raising and opening
forming like a triangle. It entraps the catch by forward shoving of the gear gear the of shoving forward by catch the entraps It triangle. a like forming
waters within wading depth (Umali 1950). It is composed of a two-framed net net two-framed a of composed is It 1950). (Umali depth wading within waters
capture is effected by a forward, horizontal motion along the bottom of shallow shallow of bottom the along motion horizontal forward, a by effected is capture
Push nets are triangular framed, collapsible nets operated by one man and and man one by operated nets collapsible framed, triangular are nets Push
PUSH NETS PUSH
2
Push Nets Push Set Gill Nets Gill Set
NETS NETS NETS NETS Push Nets Push Nets
Figure 2.8A. Sudsod Pang-alamang Figure 2.9A. Sudsod Panghipon
5 4
Figure 2.8B. Sudsod Pang-alamang in operation Figure 2.9B. Sudsod Panghipon in operation
46 47 NETS NETS Ring Nets Ring Nets
3 RING NETS Ring net is a tuck seine which in structure combines features of the round haul seine and the purse seine (Umali 1950). The nets are made of nylon netting mounted on a headline, and a sinker line. Numerous floats and sinkers are threaded through float lines and sinker lines, respectively. A series of rings is attached at the sinker line through a bridle, where the purse line passes through during hauling of catch.
A seine net operates by encircling a school of fish and impounding them by closing the rings at the bottom of the net like a purse. In a ring net, the closing of the net is aided by a tom weight dropped along the cable line to close the net bottom underwater and then hauled up manually or by a winch on board. The Figure 2.10A. Baring location of the bag of ring nets is in the middle, while that of the purse seine is at the end.
Two types of ring nets are used in Malampaya Sound: Baring and Talakop (Figs. 2.10 and 2.11). The former is made up of B-net (2 mm mesh size) and catches mainly anchovies, while the latter is made up of Pamo (multifilament) net, with larger mesh size than Baring and catches small pelagics.
Ring nets (sometimes called by the locals as baby purse seine) have had death
records of Irrawaddy dolphins in the past (Matillano 2006). Hence, their
5 operation systems must be subjected to regulation. Ring netters should also 4 consider the breeding periods of their target species if they want to maintain sustainable harvest.
Figure 2.10B. Baring net on board fishing boat
48 49
50 51
Figure 2.11B. A Talakop net on shore shore on net Talakop A 2.11B. Figure alakop T 2.11A. e r igu F
4 5
Ring Nets Ring Ring Nets Ring
NETS NETS NETS NETS Lift Nets Lift Nets
4 LIFT NETS Lift nets operate in relatively shallow water areas. Round timber serves as its vertical posts at every corner of the net. A net is set at the bottom positioned by weight sinkers. When the fish aggregates become dense at the center, the net is lifted from underwater towards the surface to catch the fish. Light located at the center of the framework is used to attract aggregates of fishes at night.
Bukatot padaraw (Fig. 2.12) is one of the traditional fishing gears used in Malampaya Sound. It is composed of wooden posts that support the lifting motion of the net from bottom to surface of the water. It is operated at night time using lights to attract fishes. Bukatot padaraw catches pelagic species, which are mostly attracted to light.
Figure 2.12A. Bukatot Padaraw
5 4
Figure 2.12B. Bukatot Padaraw at sea (right), hauling mechanism of Bukatot Padaraw (left)
52 53 NETS NETS Stop Seine Stop Seine
5 STOP SEINE The seine is composed of two separate parts, the seine proper and the stop seine. The former surrounds and impounds the fish school and the latter is shut inside the seine proper to collect the catch (Umali 1950).
There are two versions of stop seines used in Malampaya Sound. Gipit-gipit 1 and Gipit-gipit 2. Version 1 operates by closing its catch at the bottom (Fig. 2.13A), while Version 2 stops or encloses its catch at the center (Fig. 2.13B).
The fish entrapment and hauling methods of stop seines are similar to that of the ring net. The use of stop seine is sustainable, unless it indiscriminately catches breeding populations of target species. Stop seine is also relatively safe to Irrawaddy dolphins provided that the boat crew are wary of the presence of Figure 2.13A. Gipit-gipit Version 1 Figure 2.13B. Gipit-gipit Version 2 dolphins all throughout the operation, especially during hauling of the net. Dolphins are known to get drawn or suffocated when trapped in a water
column under the fishing net (Gonzales and Matillano 2008).
5 4
Fig. 2.13C. Gipt-gipit Version 1 on shore, while not in operation (right), sinkers of Gipit-gipit (left)
54 55
56 57
4 5
Suklob Suklob (left) of net
the multi filament multi the
his net (right), net his
fisherman holding fisherman
Suklob Fig. 2.14B. A A 2.14B. Fig.
lob k Su 12.4A. e r igu F
This gear is likely to be unique to Malampaya Sound. Sound. Malampaya to unique be to likely is gear This
around the target fishes at the shallow portions of Malampaya Sound (Fig. 2.14). 2.14). (Fig. Sound Malampaya of portions shallow the at fishes target the around
ated by a single fisherman. It catches fishes by manually encircling the net net the encircling manually by fishes catches It fisherman. single a by ated
- oper is gear This respectively. lines, sinker and float the in sinkers and floaters
) is made out of a wall of multifilament net with series of of series with net multifilament of wall a of out made is ) ( net Cover suklob
COVER NETS COVER
6
Cover Nets Cover Cover Nets Cover
NETS NETS
58 59
4 5
Trawl (B.J. Gonzales) (B.J. Trawl 2.15. e r igu F
have already stopped operating in the Sound. the in operating stopped already have
Malampaya Sound (especially at night), however, some authorities said, trawlers trawlers said, authorities some however, night), at (especially Sound Malampaya
Fishermen interviews revealed that there are still trawls that operate in in operate that trawls still are there that revealed interviews Fishermen
size at the bag catches young bottom fishes. bottom young catches bag the at size mesh small
The towing motion of the trawl disturbs the bottom environment, while its its while environment, bottom the disturbs trawl the of motion towing The
pair of boards (Fig. 2.15). (Fig. boards of pair
It is towed by a boat horizontally, while the mouth of the net is kept open by a a by open kept is net the of mouth the while horizontally, boat a by towed is It
Trawl net is a cone shaped net composed of bag, body, wings, and boards. boards. and wings, body, bag, of composed net shaped cone a is net Trawl
OTHER NETS OTHER 7
Other Nets Other NETS BARRICADES AND TRAPS BARRICADES AND TRAPS Fish Corral Fish Corral
BARRICADES AND TRAPS All types of gears exclusive of those made of textile, which are either temporarily or permanently fixed to the bottom, and in which fish are caught in an area where they have entered after having been led, enticed, or attracted into it (Umali 1950). Fishers in Malampaya Sound use two types of barricades and traps: fish corral and pots (Figs 16-24).
1 FISH CORRAL Fish corrals are guiding barriers usually made up of bamboo and nets, which are set by means of post in tidal waters or along the natural path of fish (Umali 1950). The timbers used as posts are usually cut from nearby forest areas. It is made up of a leader net, wing net, playground, and catching area (Gonzales 1997). It is a structure that guides fishes to its entrapment, using information on Figure 2.16A. Baklad Pang-isda the movement of fishes and the tide. The leader net is positioned perpendicular to the shore line in order to direct the fish to enter the playground and then the catching area.
The fish corrals used in Malampaya Sound have no wing nets, but use two play grounds, which the fish has to pass before entering the catching area (Figs. 16A
and 16B).
5 On the other hand, shrimp fish corral is also found in Malampaya Sound. It has 4 a unique feature in having two sets of play grounds and catching areas opposite each other connected by a common leader net (Figs. 17A and 17B).
Fish corrals or baklads in Malampaya Sound are known to unintentionally entrap marine turtles, hence, fishers must be fully aware and understand the importance of setting the trapped turtle free. Fig. 2.16B. Fisherman fixing the catching area of his Baklad pang-isda in Malampaya Sound
60 61
62 63
lad Panghipon) lad k (Ba Corral Shrimp 2.17A. e r igu F
Baklad panghipon panghipon Baklad in Malampaya Sound Sound Malampaya in 2.17B. Fig.
4 5
Fish Corral Fish Fish Corral Fish
BARRICADES AND TRAPS AND BARRICADES BARRICADES AND TRAPS AND BARRICADES BARRICADES AND TRAPS BARRICADES AND TRAPS Pots Pots
2 POTS This trap takes advantage of the movements of fishes along a tidal gradient or migration route. This type of trap is basically designed to catch crustaceans, however, it is also used in catching fish. It is usually baited and made up of bamboo, rattan or chicken wire, with a non-return valve which provides easy entrance and difficult exit. Pot design and specifications may vary depending on the target species.
Seven kinds of pots and traps were recorded by Malampaya Sound fishermen: Bubo pang-isda (fish pot), Bubo pang-alimasag (blue swimming crab pot), Bubo pangpusit (squid pot), Bubo pang-alimango (mangrove crab pot), Timing (Thread fin pot), Guong (fish trap), and Palapad (fish trap) (Figs. 2.18-2.24) Figure 2.18A. Bubo Pang-isda
The pots operating in Malampaya Sound target such specific species as blue swimming crab, mangrove crab, threadfin, squids, except for Bubo pang-isda and Fig. 2.18B. Palapad (Table 3-1) Photograph of Bubo Pang-isda Pots are important gears because they catch live individuals, hence, freshness of the products is ensured in live condition, and the catch can demand a higher price.
Pots target a specific species, hence tends to be a sustainable gear. However,
gathering of breeding individuals must be regulated to ensure regeneration of 5
stocks. Furthermore, series of pots which are connected by ropes have caused 4 death to Irrawaddy dolphins in Malampaya Sound (Gonzales and Matillano 2008). Thus some regulations are necessary to make these gears more sustainable to fisheries and dolphins in the Sound.
64 65
66 67
Bubo Pangpusit stored near a fisher’s house fisher’s a near stored Pangpusit Bubo Fig. 2.20B. 2.20B. Fig. banca Pang-alimasag Bubo on-board 2.19B. Fig.
4 5
usit p ang P Bubo 2.20A. e r igu F
ang-alimasag P Bubo 2.19A. e r igu F
Pots Pots
BARRICADES AND TRAPS AND BARRICADES BARRICADES AND TRAPS AND BARRICADES
68 69
Bubo Pang-alimango Pang-alimango Bubo (right), a crab caught in the pot (left) pot the in caught crab a (right), 2.21B. Fig.
4 5
Bubo Pang-alimango Bubo 2.21A. e r igu F
Pots Pots
BARRICADES AND TRAPS AND BARRICADES BARRICADES AND TRAPS AND BARRICADES
70 71
Timing Timing pots while not in operation. in not while pots 2.22B. Fig.
4 5
iming / Kiming / iming T 2.22A. e r igu F
Pots Pots
BARRICADES AND TRAPS AND BARRICADES BARRICADES AND TRAPS AND BARRICADES
72 73
Palapad Palapad being set by a fisher near mangrove area mangrove near fisher a by set being A 2.24B. Fig.
4 5
by a fisher a by
harvested
being
Guong Guong trap A
Fig. 2.23B. Fig.
Guong 2.23A. e r igu F
Palapad 2.24A. e r igu F
MISCELLANEOUS SET TRAPS SET MISCELLANEOUS
3
Miscellaneous Set Traps Set Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Set Traps Set Miscellaneous
BARRICADES AND TRAPS AND BARRICADES BARRICADES AND TRAPS AND BARRICADES
74 75
used in other parts of Palawan (Gonzales 1997). (Gonzales Palawan of parts other in used
being used in Malampaya Sound is similar to the multiple hand lines lines hand multiple the to similar is Sound Malampaya in used being The Kawil Kawil
barbs facing the sea surface to hook the squids when pulling upwards (Fig 2.26). 2.26). (Fig upwards pulling when squids the hook to surface sea the facing barbs
is known as jigger, which resembles the frames of an inverted umbrella, with with umbrella, inverted an of frames the resembles which jigger, as known is
is specialized in catching squid. This hand line line hand This squid. catching in specialized is while 3-1), (Table etc. Ganti-ganti Ganti-ganti
catches thread fins, sea catfish, grouper, snappers, snappers, grouper, catfish, sea fins, thread catches 2.25-2.26). (Figs. Kawil Kawil ganti
Hooks and lines used by fishers of Malampaya Sound include: include: Sound Malampaya of fishers by used lines and Hooks and and - Ganti
4 Kawil 5
or octopus are also used (http://map.seafdec.org/monograph/monograph_philippines/). used also are octopus or
squid, and artificial lures (plastic/silk materials), which resemble a shrimp, squid squid shrimp, a resemble which materials), (plastic/silk lures artificial and squid,
used to catch pelagic, midwater or demersal species. Such natural baits as fish, fish, as baits natural Such species. demersal or midwater pelagic, catch to used
of sardines, mackerel, scad, sea bream, grouper, and snapper. Hand lines are are lines Hand snapper. and grouper, bream, sea scad, mackerel, sardines, of
A simple hand line has single to multiple hooks specially for catching schools schools catching for specially hooks multiple to single has line hand simple A
of hook and line and hook of
Different parts Different
hook (Gonzales 1997). (Gonzales hook
Fig. 25B. Fig.
operator drops the line in the water and waits until the fish bites the lure in the the in lure the bites fish the until waits and water the in line the drops operator
places a bait (natural or artificial) on the hook attached to the other end. The The end. other the to attached hook the on artificial) or (natural bait a places
wil a K 2.25A. e r igu F
sinker (steel rod), swivel, and hook. The operator holds the line at one end and and end one at line the holds operator The hook. and swivel, rod), (steel sinker
bite it, the fish gets caught. It is composed of a synthetic line (usually monoline), monoline), (usually line synthetic a of composed is It caught. gets fish the it, bite
Hand line consists of a baited hook attached to a line that when fish tries to to tries fish when that line a to attached hook baited a of consists line Hand
HAND LINE HAND 1
long line (Figs. 25-27). (Figs. line long
There are two types of hook and line gears used in Malampaya Sound: hand line and and line hand Sound: Malampaya in used gears line and hook of types two are There
used (http//www.seafdec.org/monograph/monographphilippines/explanatorynote.ph). used
hooked to attract fish or other aquatic animals. Unbaited hooks or or hooks Unbaited animals. aquatic other or fish attract to hooked jigs may also be be also may jigs
The gear generally consists of line(s) and hook(s) where natural or artificial baits are are baits artificial or natural where hook(s) and line(s) of consists generally gear The
HOOK AND LINE AND HOOK
HOOK AND LINE AND HOOK HOOK AND LINE AND HOOK
76 77
Ganti-ganti Ganti-ganti (spool and jigger) and (spool of Parts 2.26B. Fig.
ti n a g - ti n a G 2.26A. e r igu
4 F 5
HOOK AND LINE AND HOOK HOOK AND LINE AND HOOK HOOK AND LINE HOOK AND LINE Longline Longline
2 SET LONGLINE Longline is composed of various number of hooks attached to a series of branch lines that are connected to a mainline and marker line. It is either self-floating on sea or anchored at sea bottom. In Malampaya Sound, it is set out and anchored at the seabed for a period of time before hauling (Fig. 2.27). It is locally known as Kitang. Kitang catches emperors, threadfins, and snappers.
Longlines are one of the most sustainable gears for fisheries. They can regulate or select their catch by adjusting the number and size of hooks, and time of fishing. However, long lines are also very viable threats to Irrawaddy dolphins due to high probability of entanglement by its lengthy connecting lines underwater.
Figure 2.27A. Kitang
5 4
Fig. 2.27B. Numerous hooks of Kitang arranged systematically by fishers before going out to the sea
78 79 HAND INSTRUMENT HAND INSTRUMENT Spear Gun Spear Gun
HAND INSTRUMENT / METHOD Hand instruments are defined by Umali (1950) as instruments exclusive of those made of textile, which are manipulated by a single man. Fishers in Malampaya Sound use three types of hand instruments/methods: spear gun, picks, and hand catch (Figs. 2.28-2.30).
1 SPEAR GUN A spear gun is a gun-like instrument, a wooden make shift rifle gun with barbed steel wire that is expelled by a stretched rubber band to hit the target fish or other aquatic animals. Figure 2.28A. Spear Gun (Pana) Fishers of Malampaya use spear guns (Fig. 2.28). Accessories to their spear gun are: mask, plywood fins, net bag, and modified underwater flashlight. In Fig. 2.28B. Spear gun remote coastal fishing areas in Palawan, spear gun fishers still use the traditional and accessories eye google made from wood and glass. The main catch of spear gun fishers in Malampaya Sound is parrot fish. (Table 3-1).
Spear gun is a highly selective gear for fishing specific targets, hence when
used wisely and judiciously, this gear is not a threat to sustainable fisheries and
5 dolphin population in the Sound. 4
80 81
82 83
4 5
skin diving skin
using picks and picks using
green mussels, green
harvesting cultured harvesting
Figure 2.29B. Fishers 2.29B. Figure
portions of the Sound. the of portions
Sisid 2.29A. e r igu F
area due mainly to poor water visibility. However, it might be used in the outer outer the in used be might it However, visibility. water poor to mainly due area
instruments such as the use of poison and chemical fishing cannot thrive in the the in thrive cannot fishing chemical and poison of use the as such instruments
of target species. Malampaya Sound is fortunate that destructive hand hand destructive that fortunate is Sound Malampaya species. target of
Hand instruments are very sustainable gears because of their high selectivity selectivity high their of because gears sustainable very are instruments Hand
aquaculture (Fig. 2.29). 2.29). (Fig. aquaculture
fishers to gather bivalves (green mussels; mussels; (green bivalves gather to fishers ) either from the wild or or wild the from either ) P. verides P.
pointed or blunt metal blades (Umali 1950). They are used by Malampaya Malampaya by used are They 1950). (Umali blades metal blunt or pointed
Picks and scrapes are instruments consisting of handles or shafts bearing bearing shafts or handles of consisting instruments are scrapes and Picks
PICKS 2
Picks Picks
HAND INSTRUMENT HAND HAND INSTRUMENT HAND
84 85
Dakma 30. e r igu
4 F 5
to catch fishes in relatively shallow and enclosed situations. enclosed and shallow relatively in fishes catch to
Hand catch is a method used by Malampaya Sound fishers, using bare hands hands bare using fishers, Sound Malampaya by used method a is catch Hand
HAND CATCH HAND 1
Hand Catch Hand OTHER 4 5 CHAPTER SIX
FROM THE ECOSYSTEMS
MANAGEMENT POINT OF VIEW
5 4
160 161 ECOSYSTEMS MANAGEMENT POINT OF VIEW
Table 6.1. Local and English names of shing gears in Malampaya Sound LOCAL NAME ENGLISH NAME In order to gain knowledge on what gears and methods are ecologically sound for Malampaya Sound and Irrawaddy dolphins, the di erent shing 1. Kurantay Encircling Gill net gears of Malampaya Sound were subjected to management evaluation of 2. Paamag Encircling Gill net (Nightime) gears and methods in terms of their catch selectivity, ecosystem e ects, and 3. Panimbog Bottom Encircling Gill net threat to dolphins. Information on shing e orts of the gears in previous 4. Lambat Panghipon (Hilada) Mobile Shrimp Gill net studies was used to infer sustainable shing gears in Malampaya Sound. 5. Lambat Panghipon (Paunat) Stationary Shrimp Gill net Since varied shing gear names are used by the locals, English names of all 6. Lambat Pang-alimasag Swimming Crab Gill net the gears in Malampaya Sound are provided in Table 6.1. 7. Palubog Bottom Fish Gill net 8. Sudsod Pang-alamang Push Net (Acetes spp.) The suggested method of Bjordal (2002) in giving an overall Ecosystem 9. Sudsod Panghipon Shrimp Push net/skimming net E ects Index (EEI) of shing gears was modi ed and applied in this book by 10. Baring Anchovy Ringnet adding a factor on dolphin by-catch. Fishing gears found in the Sound are 11. Talakop Ringnet also added to Bjordal’s (2002) current list of shing gears evaluation (Table 6.2). 12. Gipit-Gipit Stop Seine 13. Bukatot Padaraw Lift Net The various ecosystem e ects of each gear in Malampaya Sound are given a 14. Suklob Cover Net rank from 1 (non-favorable) to 10 (favorable), providing an overall index of 15. Baklad Pang-hipon Shrimp Corral average ecosystem e ect (Bjordal 2002). The gears in Malampaya Sound, 16. Baklad Pang-isda Fish Corral which are also found in Bjordal’s (2002) list assume the same ranking 17. Bubo Pang-isda Fish Pot provided by Bjordal’s (2002), while newly listed gears are ranked according to 18. Bubo Pang-alimasag Swimming Crab Pot their selectivity, ecosystem e ect, and dolphin by-catch. 19. Bubo Pang-alimango Mangrove Crab pot 20. Bubo Pang Pusit Squid Pot Ranking in the dolphin by-catch factor is based on the degree of threats by 21. Timing/Kiming Nemipterid Fish Pot
the gear to the Irrawaddy population of Malampaya Sound (Fig. 6.2). The
22. Guong Fish Trap 5 gears with record(s) of dolphin’s death in the locality are considered 4 23. Palapad non-favorable (rank 1-3), and gears with records of dolphin’s death in other Barrier Net geographic locations, not necessarily in Malampaya Sound rank as less 24. Kitang Bottom Longline favorable (rank 4-5), while gears which are likely to harm dolphin even 25. Kawil Handline without death records are slightly favorable (rank 6-7), and gears with no 26. Ganti ganti Squid Jigger records and likely not harm dolphins are favorable (rank 8-10). These catego- 27. Pana Spear Gun ries are also employed to analyze the overall ecosystem e ect factors of the 28. Dakma Hand Pick gears in Malampaya Sound (Table 6.2 and Fig. 6.1). 29. Sisid Skin Dive 30. Trawl Trawl
162 163
164 165
gears non-favorable to dolphins in the Sound are: sh gill nets, crab gill nets, nets, gill crab nets, gill sh are: Sound the in dolphins to non-favorable gears
cover net, spear gun, skin dive, and hand pick (Fig. 6.2). On the other hand, hand, other the On 6.2). (Fig. pick hand and dive, skin gun, spear net, cover
In terms of Irrawaddy protection only, dolphin by-catch data favors push net, net, push favors data by-catch dolphin only, protection Irrawaddy of terms In
valuable by-catch loss and to protect younger sh populations. sh younger protect to and loss by-catch valuable
2006), which are discarded on shore. This needs intervention to minimize minimize to intervention needs This shore. on discarded are which 2006),
4 al et (Avillanosa snappers and groupers like species valuable of young and 5
composes its target species (acetes sp.) and the rest of the catch are larvae larvae are catch the of rest the and sp.) (acetes species target its composes
have also issues on size and species selectivity, where only 22% of its catch catch its of 22% only where selectivity, species and size on issues also have
(7.5) (Table 6.2), because of its size and species selectivity, while push nets nets push while selectivity, species and size its of because 6.2), (Table (7.5)
Handline which is supposed to be an eco-friendly gear has relatively lower EEI EEI lower relatively has gear eco-friendly an be to supposed is which Handline
ecosystem of the Sound and dolphin protection (Fig. 6.1 and Table 6.2). 6.2). Table and 6.1 (Fig. protection dolphin and Sound the of ecosystem
which is harvested every six months, and only few shers are using it. using are shers few only and months, six every harvested is which and trawl, having ranks ve and below (≤ 5) are less favorable to the the to favorable less are 5) (≤ below and ve ranks having trawl, and
Gonzales and Matillano (2008). This may be due to the seasonality of the gear, gear, the of seasonality the to due be may This (2008). Matillano and Gonzales corrals. On the other hand, most gill nets (encircling, sh, crab, and shrimp) shrimp) and crab, sh, (encircling, nets gill most hand, other the On corrals.
(a bottom sh aggregating device) was not listed here, but recorded in in recorded but here, listed not was device) aggregating sh bottom (a slightly favorable gears: handlines, squid pots, sh pots, and sh/shrimp sh/shrimp and pots, sh pots, squid handlines, gears: favorable slightly
corral (Fig. 17) shrimp gill net (Fig. 5), and Gipit-gipit (Fig.13), while Hilay Hilay while (Fig.13), Gipit-gipit and 5), (Fig. net gill shrimp 17) (Fig. corral protection. Fishing gears with seven and above (≥ 7) EEI are considered as as considered are EEI 7) (≥ above and seven with gears Fishing protection.
common to Palawan are: Guong ( sh trap) (Fig. 24); cover net (Fig. 14), shrimp shrimp 14), (Fig. net cover 24); (Fig. trap) ( sh Guong are: Palawan to common considered most favorable to the ecosystems of the Sound and for dolphin dolphin for and Sound the of ecosystems the to favorable most considered
The shing gears and methods unique to Malampaya Sound and not not and Sound Malampaya to unique methods and gears shing The net, squid jigger, spear gun, skin dive, and hand pick. These gears are are gears These pick. hand and dive, skin gun, spear jigger, squid net,
and Fig. 6.1), shing gears with ranks of eight and above (≥ 8) EEI are cover cover are EEI 8) (≥ above and eight of ranks with gears shing 6.1), Fig. and
of prioritized regulation. prioritized of In the combined ecosystem e ects and dolphin by-catch factors (Table 6.2 6.2 (Table factors by-catch dolphin and e ects ecosystem combined the In
namely: crab gill nets, sh gill nets, and crab pots; hence, should be the focus focus the be should hence, pots; crab and nets, gill sh nets, gill crab namely:
by-catch factors puts top three gears as non-favorable to Malampaya Sound, Sound, Malampaya to non-favorable as gears three top puts factors by-catch Sound.
In general, combining high shing e orts, environmental e ects and dolphin dolphin and e ects environmental e orts, shing high combining general, In factor, except for trawl that has no reported record of dolphin mortality in the the in mortality dolphin of record reported no has that trawl for except factor,
Matillano 2008), hence, they are given a rank of 1 in terms of dolphin by-catch by-catch dolphin of terms in 1 of rank a given are they hence, 2008), Matillano
(2017). (2017). Matillano 2008, Harden and Williard 2012); bottom longline (Gonzales and and (Gonzales longline bottom 2012); Williard and Harden 2008, Matillano
gears and sightings of Irrawaddy in the Sound are reported by Gonzales et al., al., et Gonzales by reported are Sound the in Irrawaddy of sightings and gears seine/ringnet (Matillano 2006, Dolar et al., 1997); crab pot (Gonzales and and (Gonzales pot crab 1997); al., et Dolar 2006, (Matillano seine/ringnet
likely to be encountered by the Irrawaddy dolphins, based on locations of of locations on based dolphins, Irrawaddy the by encountered be to likely 2008, Bisack and Das, 2015); shrimp trawl (Dolar et al., 1997); purse purse 1997); al., et (Dolar trawl shrimp 2015); Das, and Bisack 2008,
shrimp gill net, crab gill net, sh bottom gill net, and crab pots, which are are which pots, crab and net, gill bottom sh net, gill crab net, gill shrimp crab and sh gill nets (WWF 2001, Gonzales and Matillano 2008, Palka et al., al., et Palka 2008, Matillano and Gonzales 2001, (WWF nets gill sh and crab
ring nets, crab traps, and longlines. Fishing gears with high shing e orts: e orts: shing high with gears Fishing longlines. and traps, crab nets, ring The following gears are known to have mortality interactions with dolphins: dolphins: with interactions mortality have to known are gears following The ECOSYSTEMS MANAGEMENT POINT OF VIEW OF POINT MANAGEMENT ECOSYSTEMS
166 167
9.25 HAND PICK HAND 10 9 9 9 10 9 9 9
SKIN DIVE DIVE SKIN 9.25 10 9 9 9 10 9 9 9
TRAWL
4.75 5 6 2 2 9 6 4 4
DEMERSAL DEMERSAL
8.625 10 9 8 10 10 5 9 8 SPEAR GUN SPEAR
which is also favorable to dolphins. dolphins. to favorable also is which
9 enhance the ecosystems, but also to decongest shing gears in the Sound, Sound, the in gears shing decongest to also but ecosystems, the enhance SQUID JIGGER SQUID 9 9 9 9 10 9 9 8
area/core zone may be an option not only to regenerate resources and and resources regenerate to only not option an be may zone area/core
6.375
1 8 8 8 9 6 5 6 LONGLINES
4 protected as water of body the of fourth one least at of Establishment 5
7.5 9 9 9 9 10 6 4 4 HANDLINES Fishers’ income can be increased by adding value to their catch. catch. their to value adding by increased be can income Fishers’
The plan should include schemes that provide other livelihoods to shers. shers. to livelihoods other provide that schemes include should plan The
SQUID POTS SQUID 7.5 7 9 8 8 3 9 8 8
which is also suggested by Harden and Williard (2002) and Palka et al., 2008). 2008). al., et Palka and (2002) Williard and Harden by suggested also is which
FISH POTS FISH 7.25
5 9 8 8 3 9 8 8 using information on the spatial ecology and seasonal behavior of dolphins, dolphins, of behavior seasonal and ecology spatial the on information using
must also have e ective regulations to minimize dolphin-gear interaction, interaction, dolphin-gear minimize to regulations e ective have also must 6.5 CRAB POTS CRAB 1 9 8 8 3 9 7 7
closures and gear modi cations design with low operating cost. The plan plan The cost. operating low with design modi cations gear and closures
CORRAL
7.625 8 9 9 9 8 8 5 5
FISH/SHRIMP The sheries and environmental management plan may combine time/area time/area combine may plan management environmental and sheries The
COVER NETS COVER 8.5 10 9 9 9 7 8 8 8
be size and species selective, and can absorb more man power. power. man more absorb can and selective, species and size be
6.625 7 8 8 8 9 4 5 4 LIFT NETS LIFT
Malampaya Sound, must be sensitive to Irrawaddy dolphin’s existence, must must existence, dolphin’s Irrawaddy to sensitive be must Sound, Malampaya
NETS
5.75
5 8 5 7 2 6 5 8 regulations should be enacted and enforced. The gears and methods in in methods and gears The enforced. and enacted be should regulations
SEINE STOP
initiatives shall deal with increase of number of shers, while shing gear gear shing while shers, of number of increase with deal shall initiatives
5.375 1 8 5 4 9 6 5 5 RING NETS RING
Fisheries Management, EAFM) (van der Heijden 2010). Socio-economic Socio-economic 2010). Heijden der (van EAFM) Management, Fisheries
PUSH NETS PUSH 6.75 10 8 8 5 9 4 5 5
components on governance and socio-economics (Ecosystems Approach to to Approach (Ecosystems socio-economics and governance on components
NETS
sheries management plan should employ ecological approaches with with approaches ecological employ should plan management sheries
4.875
1 5 8 7 1 5 4 8 GILL GILL CRAB
There is a compelling need to limit the exploitation of nite sh stocks. The The stocks. sh nite of exploitation the limit to need compelling a is There
STATIONARY
5.375 1 5 8 7 1 5 4 8
NETS
The shers should refrain from indiscriminate exploitation of sh stocks. stocks. sh of exploitation indiscriminate from refrain should shers The GILL SHRIMP
MOBILE
4.75
5 5 6 4 1 5 4 8
GILL NETS NETS GILL
SHRIMP SHRIMP
e ort.
GILL NETS GILL
4.875 1 5 8 7 1 5 4 8
BOTTOM FISH FISH BOTTOM mainstay resources, which are pressured by various gears and high shing shing high and gears various by pressured are which resources, mainstay
GILL NETS GILL
4.25 1 5 6 4 1 5 4 8 are still used on isolated occasions. Shrimp and crab shery remain as the the as remain shery crab and Shrimp occasions. isolated on used still are
ENCIRCLING ENCIRCLING
prohibited in the Sound. However, according to interview with shers, trawls trawls shers, with interview to according However, Sound. the in prohibited
GEAR TYPE GEAR
BY CATCH QUALITY EFFICIENCY EFFECTS FISHING EFFECT INDEX EFFECT MORTALITY SELECTION SELECTION
EFFECTS AND EFFECTS
Due to policies, the use of trawl, baby purse seine, and lift net became became net lift and seine, purse baby trawl, of use the policies, to Due DOLPHIN CATCH ENERGY HABITAT GHOST ECOSYSTEM FISH BY FISH SPECIES SIZE
ECOSYSTEM
of dierent shing gears in Malampaya Sound - ranked on a scale from 1 (non-favorable) to 10 (highly favorable) (highly 10 to (non-favorable) 1 from scale a on ranked - Sound Malampaya in gears shing dierent of Table 6.2. Selectivity, ecosystem eects, and dolphin by-catch factors and estimated ecosystem eects index (EEI) index eects ecosystem estimated and factors by-catch dolphin and eects, ecosystem Selectivity, 6.2. Table ECOSYSTEMS MANAGEMENT POINT OF VIEW OF POINT MANAGEMENT ECOSYSTEMS
168 169
dolphin).
8-10 to ecosystem and Irrawaddy dolphin). Irrawaddy and ecosystem to 8-10
less favorable = 4-5; favorable (blue line) = 6-7; very favorable (green line) = 8-10 to Irrawaddy Irrawaddy to 8-10 = line) (green favorable very 6-7; = line) (blue favorable 4-5; = favorable less
4 = line) (green favorable very 6-7; = line) (blue favorable 4-5; = favorable less 1-3; = 5 (non-favorable Fig. 6.2. Dolphin by-catch index of shing gears in Malampaya Sound. (non-favorable = 1-3; 1-3; = (non-favorable Sound. Malampaya in gears shing of index by-catch Dolphin 6.2. Fig. Fig. 6.1. Environmental e ects and dolphin by-catch index of shing gears in Malampaya Sound. Sound. Malampaya in gears shing of index by-catch dolphin and e ects Environmental 6.1. Fig.
Shrimp Gillnets(stationary) Shrimp
FISHING GEARS FISHING Gillnets(mobile) Shrimp Bottom Fish Gillnets GEARS FISHING Fish/Shrimp Corral Encircling Gillnets Stop Nets Seine Demersal trawlDemersal Crab Gillnets Squid Jigger Squid Cover Nets
Squid PotsSquid Spear Gun Handlines Hand Pick Push Nets Skin Dive Skin Longlines Ring Nets Ring Crab Pots
Fish Pots Lift Nets Lift
0
0
1 2 2
INDEX 4 3
4 INDEX
6
5
6
8
7
8 10
9
12
10 ECOSYSTEMS MANAGEMENT POINT OF VIEW OF POINT MANAGEMENT ECOSYSTEMS
170 171
Resources, Arcadia Building 860, Quezon Avenue, Quezon City. Quezon Avenue, Quezon 860, Building Arcadia Resources,
Faculty of Fisheries Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan. 16-25 pp. pp. 16-25 Japan. Kagoshima, University, Kagoshima Fisheries of Faculty The Phil. Jour. of Fish., 20 (1-2): 1- 43. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Aquatic and Fisheries of Bureau 43. 1- (1-2): 20 Fish., of Jour. Phil. The
Philippines University, Memoirs of Faculty of Fisheries Kagoshima University, University, Kagoshima Fisheries of Faculty of Memoirs University, Philippines distribution of zooplankton, fish eggs, and fish larvae in Malampaya Sound. Sound. Malampaya in larvae fish and eggs, fish zooplankton, of distribution
fisheries of Malampaya, Inner Sound, Palawan, Philippines. WWF and Western Western and WWF Philippines. Palawan, Sound, Inner Malampaya, of fisheries Estudillo R. A., C.L. Gonzales, and J. A. Ordones. 1987. The seasonal variation and and variation seasonal The 1987. Ordones. A. J. and Gonzales, C.L. A., R. Estudillo
Gonzales, B. J. and M. D. Matillano 2008. Irrawaddy dolphin conservation in the the in conservation dolphin Irrawaddy 2008. Matillano D. M. and J. B. Gonzales,
southern Sulu Sea. Asian Marine Biology 14 (1997): 61-81 pp. 61-81 (1997): 14 Biology Marine Asian Sea. Sulu southern
PNAC- Inst. Mar. Sci. Res. J., 1: 32-40. pp pp 32-40. 1: J., Res. Sci. Mar. Inst. PNAC- marine mammal distribution, abundance and interaction with humans in the the in humans with interaction and abundance distribution, mammal marine
in Ulugan Bay, Northwestern Palawan, with notes on their economic aspects. aspects. economic their on notes with Palawan, Northwestern Bay, Ulugan in
4 of investigation Preliminary 1997. Suliansa. B. S. M. and Alava N. M. Santos, 5
Gonzales, B.J. and R.G. Dolorosa. 1994. A survey of the serranid and lutjanid fishes fishes lutjanid and serranid the of survey A 1994. Dolorosa. R.G. and B.J. Gonzales, Dolar, M. L. L., W. F. Perrin, A. A. S. P. Yaptinchay, S. Arifin, B. H J. Jaaman, M. D. D. M. Jaaman, J. H B. Arifin, S. Yaptinchay, P. S. A. A. Perrin, F. W. L., L. M. Dolar,
Philippines University. 22 pp. 22 University. Philippines http://www.cms.int/reports/small_cetaceans/index.htm, July 2017. July http://www.cms.int/reports/small_cetaceans/index.htm,
Philippines. WWF Technical Report. World Wildlife Fund-Palawan and Western Western and Fund-Palawan Wildlife World Report. Technical WWF Philippines. UNEP/CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany. Accessed at: at: Accessed Germany. Bonn, Secretariat, UNEP/CMS
CPUE of fishing gears in Malampaya Sound, western Taytay, Palawan, Taytay, western Sound, Malampaya in gears fishing of CPUE Culik, B. 2010. Odontocetes. The toothed whales: “Orcaella brevirostris”. brevirostris”. “Orcaella whales: toothed The Odontocetes. 2010. B. Culik,
Gonzales, B. J., M.V.D. Matillano, G. Aludia, J.A. Miguel, and R.B. Climaco. 2016. 2016. Climaco. R.B. and Miguel, J.A. Aludia, G. Matillano, M.V.D. J., B. Gonzales,
2791-3380 pp. 2791-3380
Initiatives on Corals, Fisheries, and Food Security. USAID-WWF. 208 pp. 208 USAID-WWF. Security. Food and Fisheries, Corals, on Initiatives Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). FAO, Rome, Rome, FAO, Pomacentridae). to (Menidae 3 part fishes Bony 5. Volume
Gonzales, B. J. 2013. Field guide to coastal fishes of Palawan. Coral Triangle Triangle Coral Palawan. of fishes coastal to guide Field 2013. J. B. Gonzales, fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Pacific. Central Western the of resources marine living The purposes. fishery
Carpenter, K.E. and V.H. Niem, (Eds). 2001. FAO species identification guide for for guide identification species FAO 2001. (Eds). Niem, V.H. and K.E. Carpenter,
100 pp. pp. 100
Management Project-Philippine Information Agency, Quezon City Philippines. Philippines. City Quezon Agency, Information Project-Philippine Management Organization of the United Nations, 544 pp. 544 Nations, United the of Organization
Gonzales, B. J. 2005. Palawan Foodfishes, 2nd Ed. BFAR-Fisheries Resource Resource BFAR-Fisheries Ed. 2nd Foodfishes, Palawan 2005. J. B. Gonzales, 424. Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. Food and Agricultural and Food Department. Aquaculture and Fisheries 424.
application. K.L. Cochrane and S.M. Garcia, Eds. Fisheries Technical Paper no. no. Paper Technical Fisheries Eds. Garcia, S.M. and Cochrane K.L. application.
Communications, Corp. 90 pp. 90 Corp. Communications, Bjordal, A. 2002. A fishery managers guidebook-management measures and their their and measures guidebook-management managers fishery A 2002. A. Bjordal,
Gonzales, B. J. 2000. Palawan Foodfishes. Palawan Sustainable Development Development Sustainable Palawan Foodfishes. Palawan 2000. J. B. Gonzales,
species regulations in the Northeast USA Gillnet Fishery. Front. Mar. Sci. 2:91. Sci. Mar. Front. Fishery. Gillnet USA Northeast the in regulations species
SPCP- Aqua. Sci. Tech. Inst. Res. J. J. Res. Inst. Tech. Sci. Aqua. SPCP- Bisack, K.D. and C. Das. 2015. Understanding non-compliance with protected protected with non-compliance Understanding 2015. Das. C. and K.D. Bisack,
Palawan, Philippines and some of their implications to fishery management. management. fishery to implications their of some and Philippines Palawan,
Gonzales, B.J. 1997. Five commonly used fishing gears by small-scale fishermen in in fishermen small-scale by gears fishing used commonly Five 1997. B.J. Gonzales, of Aquatic Sciences Vol. 3:22-30. Vol. Sciences Aquatic of
skimming net in Malampaya Inner Sound, Taytay, Palawan, Philippines. Journal Journal Philippines. Palawan, Taytay, Sound, Inner Malampaya in net skimming
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Gabriel, O., K. Lange, E. Dahm, and T. Wendt. 2005. Fish catching methods of the the of methods catching Fish 2005. Wendt. T. and Dahm, E. Lange, K. O., Gabriel,
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Japan in 1994. He was awarded a Doctorate of Philosophy in in Philosophy of Doctorate a awarded was He 1994. in Japan
his Master of Science in Marine Biology at the Kochi University, University, Kochi the at Biology Marine in Science of Master his Philippines.
He began his intensive works in Ichthyology when he pursued pursued he when Ichthyology in works intensive his began He year” 2017 by the Professional Regulation Commission of the the of Commission Regulation Professional the by 2017 year”
awarded the “Most Outstanding Fisheries Professional of the the of Professional Fisheries Outstanding “Most the awarded
now Western Philippines University (WPU) in 1982. in (WPU) University Philippines Western now Tagalog Island Research Development Consortium. He was was He Consortium. Development Research Island Tagalog
Project at the Palawan National Agriculture College (PNAC) (PNAC) College Agriculture National Palawan the at Project
Western Philippines University and the Director of the Southern the of Director the and University Philippines Western
4 5
was engaged as a Fishery Industry Specialist of the World Bank Bank World the of Specialist Industry Fishery a as engaged was Vice President for Research and Development/Extension of the the of Development/Extension and Research for President Vice
fisher on board commercial tuna purse seine boats, before he he before boats, seine purse tuna commercial board on fisher conservation and management. Dr. Gonzales is currently the the currently is Gonzales Dr. management. and conservation
shipyard, a net mender in commercial fishing company and as as and company fishing commercial in mender net a shipyard, and communities on coastal/small island and fisheries fisheries and island coastal/small on communities and
Marine Fisheries. His early works were: Administrative Aide at a a at Aide Administrative were: works early His Fisheries. Marine partners with the local governments, private sectors, NGOs, NGOs, sectors, private governments, local the with partners
Iloilo and later transferred to Diliman, Quezon City, majored in in majored City, Quezon Diliman, to transferred later and Iloilo Aside from his academic and administrative duties, he he duties, administrative and academic his from Aside
the College of Fisheries at the University of the Philippines in in Philippines the of University the at Fisheries of College the
After finishing high school, Benjamin took a fisheries degree at at degree fisheries a took Benjamin school, high finishing After the Aquatic Biology Program of the University. the of Program Biology Aquatic the
conceptualized and wrote proposals to the establishment of of establishment the to proposals wrote and conceptualized
through the years. the through the Regional Center for Excellence in Fisheries Education and and Education Fisheries in Excellence for Center Regional the
people, and instilled in him principles in life which guided him him guided which life in principles him in instilled and people, He spearheaded the College of Fisheries of WPU to become become to WPU of Fisheries of College the spearheaded He
Engineer who trained him to travel, deal with different kinds of of kinds different with deal travel, to him trained who Engineer of Malampaya Sound, Taytay, Palawan. Palawan. Taytay, Sound, Malampaya of fisheries the in Dolphins
Iloilo where he also graduated. His father “Blas” was a Geodetic Geodetic a was “Blas” father His graduated. also he where Iloilo included the conservation of Irrawady Irrawady of conservation the included works His management.
English Language Professor of the University of the Philippines the of University the of Professor Language English in in mainly on fisheries, biodiversity, and integrated coastal resource resource coastal integrated and biodiversity, fisheries, on mainly
His mother “Mildred” is a retired high school principal and an an and principal school high retired a is “Mildred” mother His peer-reviewed journals and wrote books and book chapters chapters book and books wrote and journals peer-reviewed
Dr. Gonzales has published numerous scientific articles in in articles scientific numerous published has Gonzales Dr.
at the age of 11. of age the at
when his love for aquarium fishes was supported by his parents parents his by supported was fishes aquarium for love his when Dragonet fishes in Southwestern Japan. Southwestern in fishes Dragonet
Princesa City, Palawan in 1982. His interest in fishes started started fishes in interest His 1982. in Palawan City, Princesa work on Ecology and Genetic Studies on the Biodiversity of of Biodiversity the on Studies Genetic and Ecology on work
Philippines in 1957 and due to work, migrated to Puerto Puerto to migrated work, to due and 1957 in Philippines School of Agricultural Science, Ehime University in 1997 for his his for 1997 in University Ehime Science, Agricultural of School
Dr. Benjamin Jareta Gonzales was born in Iloilo City, City, Iloilo in born was Gonzales Jareta Benjamin Dr. Fish Ecology and Population Genetics by the United Graduate Graduate United the by Genetics Population and Ecology Fish ABOUT THE AUTHOR THE ABOUT