Ghost Net Impacts on Coral Reefs Time to Complete Lesson: 20-30 Minutes
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Gill Nets and Their Operation
Gill Nets and their Operation Saly N. Thomas Central Institute of Fisheries Technology P.O. Matsyapuri, Cochin – 682 029 Email: [email protected] Gill net is a highly selective and passive gear accounting for 20% of all the fishing methods of the world. The simplicity of its design, construction, operation and its low energy requirement make the gear very popular in all the sectors especially in the traditional sector. It is a highly selective gear and the use of this gear in a responsible way ensures resource conservation. The gear is a vertical wall of netting, which is kept erect in water by means of floats and sinkers. The gear is mostly rectangular in shape whose upper end is mounted to a float line (head rope) and the lower end to a sinker line (foot rope). The nets are operated in the surface, column or bottom layers of the water column in inland, coastal and deep sea. Gill nets are operated for the capture of different groups of fishes such as sardine, mackerel, prawn, hilsa, and larger varieties like tuna, shark, seer fish, and other large pelagics. When operated for such larger varieties in the deeper areas of the sea the nets extend to several kilometers. Mechanism of fish capture in gill nets The fact that separates gill nets from all other type of fishing is that in gill nets the `mesh’ of the net serves the dual function of `selecting’ the fish to be caught and catching it. The capture of fish in gill nets depends on the net construction, its dimensions, and the shape of the fish body. -
GHOST GEAR: the ABANDONED FISHING NETS HAUNTING OUR OCEANS Sea Turtle Entangled in Fishing Gear in the Mediterranean Sea © Marco Care/Greenpeace CONTENTS
GHOST GEAR: THE ABANDONED FISHING NETS HAUNTING OUR OCEANS Sea turtle entangled in fishing gear in the Mediterranean Sea © Marco Care/Greenpeace CONTENTS 4 Zusammenfassung 5 Executive summary 6 Introduction 8 Main types of fishing – Nets – Lines – Traps & pots – FADs 11 Ghost gear impacts – Killing ocean creatures – Damaging habitats – Economic and other impacts 13 Current regulations – International agreements and recommendations – Other programmes and resolutions – A cross-sector approach – The need for a Global Ocean Treaty 16 References 2019 / 10 Published by Greenpeace Germany November 2019 Stand Greenpeace e. V., Hongkongstraße 10, 20457 Hamburg, Tel. 040/3 06 18 - 0, [email protected] , www . greenpeace . de Authors Karli Thomas, Dr. Cat Dorey and Farah Obaidullah Responsible for content Helena Spiritus Layout Klasse 3b, Hamburg S 0264 1 Contents 3 DEUTSCHE ZUSAMMENFASSUNG DER STUDIE GHOST GEAR: THE ABANDONED FISHING NETS HAUNTING OUR OCEANS → Rund 640.000 Tonnen altes Fischereigerät inklusive Geisternetzen, Bojen, Leinen, Fallen und Körbe landen jährlich als Fischereimüll in den Ozeanen. → Weltweit trägt altes Fischereigerät zu etwa zehn Prozent zum Plastikeintrag in die Meere bei. → 45 Prozent aller Arten auf der Roten IUCN-Liste hatten bereits Kontakt mit Plastik im Meer. → Sechs Prozent aller eingesetzten Netze, neun Prozent aller Fallen und 29 Prozent aller Langleinen gehen jährlich auf den Ozeanen verloren und enden als Meeresmüll. → Treibnetze, Fallen und Fischsammler (Fish Aggregating Devices, FADs) gehen weltweit am häufigsten als Müll auf den Ozeanen verloren und bergen die meisten Risiken für Meereslebewesen. → Durch FADs sterben 2,8 bis 6,7 Mal mehr Tiere - darunter bedrohte Arten wie Haie – als Beifang als die Zielarten, für die sie eingesetzt werden. -
Sea Turtle Stranding Response & Rescue 2019 Summary of Results
Sea Turtle Stranding Response & Rescue 2019 Summary of Results, Maui, Hawaiʻi Tommy Cutt, Jennifer Martin MOC Marine Institute 192 Maʻalaea Rd. Wailuku, Hawaiʻi 96793 www.mocmarineinstitute.org 2019 Stranding Summary Maui, Hawaiʻi Contents Background.........................................................................................................................................................3 Team....................................................................................................................................................................4 Partners & Collaborators.....................................................................................................................................4 Sea Turtle Stranding Data...................................................................................................................................5 Map: Stranding Type by Location......................................................................................................................8 Fishing Gear......................................................................................................................................................11 Map: Heat Map of Fishery Interactions............................................................................................................12 Fishing Line Recycling Program......................................................................................................................13 Map: Fishing Line Recycling Bin Locations....................................................................................................14 -
Marine Litter Legislation: a Toolkit for Policymakers
Marine Litter Legislation: A Toolkit for Policymakers The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Environment Programme. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, DCPI, UNEP, P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya. Acknowledgments This report was developed by the Environmental Law Institute (ELI) for the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). It was researched, drafted, and produced by Carl Bruch, Kathryn Mengerink, Elana Harrison, Davonne Flanagan, Isabel Carey, Thomas Casey, Meggan Davis, Elizabeth Hessami, Joyce Lombardi, Norka Michel- en, Colin Parts, Lucas Rhodes, Nikita West, and Sofia Yazykova. Within UNEP, Heidi Savelli, Arnold Kreilhuber, and Petter Malvik oversaw the development of the report. The authors express their appreciation to the peer reviewers, including Catherine Ayres, Patricia Beneke, Angela Howe, Ileana Lopez, Lara Ognibene, David Vander Zwaag, and Judith Wehrli. Cover photo: Plastics floating in the ocean The views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations Environment Programme. © 2016. United Nations Environment Programme. Marine Litter Legislation: A Toolkit for Policymakers Contents Foreword .................................................................................................. -
In the Wake of Plastics 13-15 October 2015 Don Orione Artigianelli Conference Center, Venice, Italy
Derelict Fishing Gear management system in the Adriatic Region www.defishgear.net In the Wake of Plastics 13-15 October 2015 Don Orione Artigianelli Conference Center, Venice, Italy Preliminary Programme: Tuesday: October 13th 2015 08:15 09:00 Registration 09:00 09:20 Opening and welcome MARINE LITTER Chairs: C. Zeri, G. Pojana 09:20 10:00 Invited lecture F. Galgani L 13.1.1 – Marine Litter in the Mediterranean Sea 10:00 10:20 C. Zeri – Beach Litter in the Southern Adriatic coasts: Results from a fine-scale L 13.1.2 sampling 10:20 10:40 S. Aliani – To strand or not to strand: the fate of plastic debris in coastal currents L 13.1.3 10:40 11:00 C. Mazziotti – The origin of marine litter and its environmental impacts during L 13.1.4 recent decades 11:00 11:30 Coffee break GHOST NETS Chairs: A. Krzan, T. Fortibuoni 11:30 11:50 P. Tutman – Ghost-net fishing along the Croatian coastline; occurrence and L 13.2.1 biological impact on marine biodiversity, a preliminary assesment 11:50 12:10 F. Riccato – First data on ghost fishing gears and other fishing waste in the L 13.2.2 outcrop area of the Gulf of Venice 12:10 12:30 Conference sponsor presentation – MADAtec L 13.2.3 D. Manzini – Hiphenated spectroscopic microanalysis (Raman, colorimetry) 12:30 12.50 M. Angiolillo – Monitoring and assessment of marine debris in a biodiversity L 13.2.4 hotspot in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea) 12:50 14:00 Lunch break and Poster session The project is co-funded by the European Union,Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance Derelict Fishing Gear management system in the Adriatic Region www.defishgear.net Tuesday: October 13th 2015 SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL IMPACTS Chairs: F. -
Impact of “Ghost Fishing“ Via Derelict Fishing Gear
2015 NOAA Marine Debris Program Report Impact of “Ghost Fishing“ via Derelict Fishing Gear 2015 MARINE DEBRIS GHOST FISHING REPORT March 2015 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science – Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research 219 Ft. Johnson Rd. Charleston, South Carolina 29412 Office of Response and Restoration NOAA Marine Debris Program 1305 East-West Hwy, SSMC4, Room 10239 Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 Cover photo courtesy of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration For citation purposes, please use: NOAA Marine Debris Program. 2015 Report on the impacts of “ghost fishing” via derelict fishing gear. Silver Spring, MD. 25 pp For more information, please contact: NOAA Marine Debris Program Office of Response and Restoration National Ocean Service 1305 East West Highway Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 301-713-2989 Acknowledgements The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Marine Debris Program would like to acknowledge Jennifer Maucher Fuquay (NOAA National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science) for conducting this research, and Courtney Arthur (NOAA National Ocean Service, Marine Debris Program) and Jason Paul Landrum (NOAA National Ocean Service, Marine Debris Program) for providing guidance and support throughout this process. Special thanks go to Ariana Sutton-Grier (NOAA National Ocean Science) and Peter Murphy (NOAA National Ocean Service, Marine Debris Program) for reviewing this paper and providing helpful comments. Special thanks also go to John Hayes (NOAA National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science) and Dianna Parker (NOAA National Ocean Science, Marine Debris Program) for a copy/edit review of this report and Leah L. -
Design a Safe Fishing Net Notes for Teachers
You need: Design a safe • Paper or card • Pencils • Colouring pens fishing net or pencils Thousands of whales and dolphins die every year because they get trapped in fishing nets. They can’t get to the surface to breathe, so they suffocate and drown. How can we design nets that can catch fish, but won’t accidentally catch whales and dolphins? Each child will need some 1 paper, a pencil and some colouring supplies. Their challenge is to design a net that will successfully catch fish, but won’t catch whales and dolphins. Encourage children to think about what they’ve learnt about whales 2 and dolphins that might help them with their designs, for example: • How do dolphins find their food? • How big are whales and dolphins? Scan or take photos of the best net designs and send them to [email protected] – we’d love to see them! Design a safe fishing net Notes for teachers Ask the children questions to encourage them to think about their designs. Their solutions might involve stopping whales and dolphins from swimming into the net in the first place, or ways to escape if they do get trapped. Some great ideas from other children have included: • Brightly coloured nets that are easily seen; • Nets that make noise to scare whales and dolphins away; • Sensors that detect if a whale or dolphin is nearby, then retract the net; • Monitored cameras so fishermen can see and release a trapped whale or dolphin; • Nets that do not close if a whale or dolphin, or the weight of a whale or dolphin, is detected. -
1 Sustainable Use of Marine Resources Focus Group Final Report Submitted to the Marine Biodiversity Working Group 21 Sept 2014
Final Report 21 Sept 2014 Sustainable Use of Marine Resources Focus Group Final Report Submitted to the Marine Biodiversity Working Group 21 Sept 2014 A) Introduction to the Focus Group Aim / objective To examine the sustainability of the current and predicted use of marine resources in Hong Kong, and make recommendations for improvement and/or areas of further study. Scope All uses of the sub-tidal coast and sea within Hong Kong that use biodiversity as an important component of the activity (this excludes activities that simply impact biodiversity such as reclamation and shipping). Relevant Aichi Targets and Articles Target 6. By 2020 all fish and invertebrate stocks and aquatic plants are managed and harvested sustainably, legally and applying ecosystem based approaches, so that overfishing is avoided, recovery plans and measures are in place for all depleted species, fisheries have no significant adverse impacts on threatened species and vulnerable ecosystems and the impacts of fisheries on stocks, species and ecosystems are within safe ecological limits. Target 4. By 2020, at the latest, Governments, business and stakeholders at all levels have taken steps to achieve or have implemented plans for sustainable production and consumption and have kept the impacts of use of natural resources well within safe ecological limits. Target 7. By 2020 areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity. Target 14. By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential services, including services related to water, and contribute to health, livelihoods and well-being, are restored and safeguarded, taking into account the needs of women, indigenous and local communities, and the poor and vulnerable. -
Marine Advisory China Fishing Vessels 03-2017.Pdf
8619 Westwood Center Drive Suite 300 THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA Vienna, Virginia 22182, USA Tel: +1 703 790 3434 LIBERIA MARITIME AUTHORITY Fax: +1 703 790 5655 Email: [email protected] Web: www.liscr.com 16 May 2017 Marine Advisory: 03/2017 SUBJECT: Precautions when Navigating Waters in and around Ningbo-Zhoushan, China Dear Owner, Operator, Master and Designated Person Ashore: Purpose The purpose of this Advisory is to bring attention to recent collisions involving Chinese fishing and Liberian flagged vessels and provide additional information to assist Master’s in safely navigating highly congested waters off Ningbo-Zhoushan in the East China Sea. These collisions occurred mostly at night or in fog conditions where visibility was restricted and additional lookouts were not engaged. Discussion The Chinese port Port of Ningbo-Zhoushan is located in Ningbo and Zhoushan on the coast of the East China Sea, in Zhejiang province and is ranked the busiest cargo port in the world. Large fleets of fishing junks may be encountered on the coast of China. The junks may not be carrying lights. They are solidly built and serious damage could be incurred by colliding with them. Fishing vessels vary from traditional rowing or sailing craft as little as 3m long to modern trawlers 15m long and over. We recently met with China Maritime Safety Administration (MSA) to review the collision cases and explore possible measures to help prevent similar casualties and loss of life. Attached is an Advisory prepared by Ningbo MSA that provides guidance for Master’s on navigating through the East China Sea and areas where there may be high concentrations of fishing vessels. -
Recreational Fishing in the Baltic Sea Region
PROTECTING THE BALTIC SEA ENVIRONMENT - WWW.CCB.SE RECREATIONAL FISHING IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION Coalition Clean Baltic Researched and written by Niki Sporrong for Coalition Clean Baltic E-mail: [email protected] Address: Östra Ågatan 53, 753 22 Uppsala, Sweden www.ccb.se © Coalition Clean Baltic 2017 With the contribution of the LIFE financial instrument of the European Community and the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management Contents Background ...................................................................................................................4 Introduction ..................................................................................................................5 Summary .......................................................................................................................6 Terminology .................................................................................................................12 Finland (not including Åland1) .....................................................................................15 Estonia ..........................................................................................................................23 Latvia ............................................................................................................................32 Lithuania ......................................................................................................................39 Russia (Kaliningrad region) ..........................................................................................45 -
Presentation on Ghost Net Issues
YEAR ONE The Olive Ridley Project, founded in the Maldives in 2013, attempts to identify key factors contributing to ghost net production in the Indian Ocean. WHAT ARE GHOST NETS? Ghost nets are fishing nets that have been discarded, abandoned or lost in the ocean. SILENT KILLERS Nets will often be taken by oceanic currents and travel huge distances. This means that their detrimental effects can be prevalent far from their original point of entry into the water. They will entangle many threatened animals along the way. MANATEES RAYS SEA BIRDS SEA TURTLES SHARKS DOLPHINS WHALES Coral reefs can also be smothered and fouled by nets causing further loss of life. ARABIAN SEA BAY OF BENGAL INDIA ACTION SRI LANKA The Olive Ridley Project is working to tackle the ghost net problem in MALDIVES the Indian Ocean using four main focus areas: Research, awareness, removal and recycling. SEYCHELLES TURTLES 66 ENTANGLED IN GHOST NETS 1 GREEN TURTLES 4 HAWKSBILL TURTLES 61 OLIVE RIDLEY TURTLES 3 NOONU BAA 23 3 LHAVIYANI 13 NORTH MALE ARI 13 8 SOUTH MALE DHAALU 2 LOCATIONS OF ENTANGLEMENTS MALDIVES 1 GAAFU ALIFU TURTLES OLIVE RIDLEYS 66 ENTANGLED IN GHOST NETS 61 ANALYSED TURTLES FOUND ENTANGLED SEX/AGE Olive Ridley, Hawksbill and Green Olive Ridley JAN 18 FEB 6 MALE 1 MAR 13 JUVENILE 47 APR 2 FEMALE 5 UNKNOWN 8 MAY 3 JUN 1 JUL 10 AUG 5 SEP 0 OCT 1 NOV 0 DEC 2 In its first year, the Olive Ridley Project found that 77% of turtles 77% recorded in ghost nets were juveniles. -
Abandoned, Lost and Discarded Gillnets and Trammel Nets Methods to Estimate Ghost fishing Mortality, and the Status of Regional Monitoring and Management
ISSN 2070-7010 FAO 600 FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE TECHNICAL PAPER Abandoned, lost and discarded gillnets trammel nets – Methods to estimate ghost fishing mortality, the status of regiona 600 Abandoned, lost and discarded gillnets and trammel nets Methods to estimate ghost fishing mortality, and the status of regional monitoring and management Problems resulting from abandoned, lost and discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) from marine gillnet and trammel net fisheries is increasingly of concern. Marine gillnets and trammel nets, which have relatively high ghost fishing potential, are globally important gear types, supplying about a fifth of global marine fisheries landings. The study describes and evaluates approaches to estimate ghost fishing mortality rates and levels and reviews the status of international monitoring and management of ALDFG and ghost fishing by marine gillnet and trammel net fisheries. The report recommends methods to estimate ghost fishing rates and levels, identifies research priorities, and recommends future action to enhance data collection and management to prevent and remediate ALDFG and ghost fishing by marine gillnets and trammel nets. l monitoring and management ISBN 978-92-5-108917-0 ISSN 2070-7010 FAO 9 789 2 5 1 0 8 917 0 I5051E/1/10.15 Cover photograph: Top row, left to right: sperm whale entangled in a drift gillnet (Alberto Romero/Marine Photobank); artisanal gillnet fishing vessel, Solomon Islands (Wolcott Henry 2005/Marine Photobank); decomposed trevally caught in a ghost net, Muscat, Damaniyat Islands, Oman (Sijmon de Waal/Marine Photobank). Bottom row, left to right: removing salmon from a gillnet, Bristol Bay, Alaska, the United States of America (Karen Ducey/NMFS/NOAA Photo Library); derelict gillnet, Oahu, Hawaii, the United States of America (Frank Baersch/Marine Photobank); seabird caught in derelict net (Dave Peake/Marine Photobank).