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U·M·I University Microfilms International a Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road Partial vowel harmonies as evidence for a Height Node. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Wiswall, Wendy Jeanne Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 24/09/2021 06:37:09 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185697 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedtbrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. U·M·I University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. M148106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9210308 Partial vowel harmonies as evidence for a Height Node Wiswall, Wendy Jeanne, Ph.D. The University of Arizona, 1991 Copyright ®1991 by Wiswall, Wendy Jeanne. All rights reserved. U·M·I 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 PARTIAL VOWEL HARMONIES AS EVIDENCE FOR A HEIGHT NODE by Wendy Jeanne Wiswall Copyright @ Wendy Jeanne Wiswall 1991 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 9 1 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Wendy Jeanne Wjswa1J entitled PARTIAL VOWEL HARMONIES AS EVIDENCE FOR A HEIGHT NODE and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of __~D~o~ct~o~r~o~f~Ph~l~·J~;~s~o~p~hy~ ______________ __ 22 November J991 Date 22 November 1991 Date 22 November 1991 Richard Demers Date Date Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. 22 November 1991 Archangel; Date 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under the rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: a2~ 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS "One ought to write only when one leaves a piece of one's flesh in the inkpot each time one dips one's pen" (Leo Tolstoy, Russian novelist). It's not only in the writing that we leave pieces of our flesh, but also in the hard work that leads to writing the dissertation in the first place. I cannot possibly do justice to the number of individuals who have supported me morally, financially, and ·otherwise; if I have not credited you enough, know that I truly appreciate your guidance and help over my five years here at the U of A. First and foremost I thank my dissertation advisor, Diana Archangeli. Without Diana's neverending support, I'm not sure that I would have completed my Ph.d; in truth, Diana's comments have shaped this dissertation to the extent that I almost feel as if Diana should be listed as the coauthor. Furthermore, Diana was always available to lend whatever sort of help I needed, whether it be on a personal or professional level. The best tribute I can pay Diana is to say that I hope I have as strong and lasting an influence on my own future dissertation students as she has had on me. Many thanks go to my other dissertation committee members, Mike Hammond and Dick Demers, who have also shaped this dissertation i.n ways that I could not have done myself. A special thanks to Mike for his famous 'peptalks' and neverending prying into my personal life, like making sure I ate well, exercised, and didn't let life and linguistics get me down too often. A very special thanks goes to Sue Steele for her help on many levels. lowe much of my self-esteem and self-confidence to Sue. And thanks to all the other faculty and graduate students at the U of Ai I hope you know that not mentioning you by name here does not mean you haven't influenced my life and career as a linguist, because you have. I am indebted to the following friends who have put up with me and helped keep me sane: Kathleen Sandford, Lee Fulmer, Terri Lituchy, Megan Crowhurst, Diane Ohala, Cari Spring, Maru Fernandez, Liz Pennisi, Ken Drozd, Pat Perez, Elizabeth Dyckman, Steve Centuori (thanks for the great haircuts!), Jean Ann, Husni Muadz, Tom Bourgeois, and Sue Lorenson (cookies!). A special thanks to Bruce Long Peng - the dissertation as it stands owes much to Bruce's insights. lowe a special debt of gratitude to my parents, willard and Donna Wiswall, my brother Chris, and my sisters Jill and Jennifer. Although I'm sure they never really understood why I wanted to pursue a Ph.d., they have supported me in every way possible. Finally, I dedicate this dissertation to my younger sister Jessica, in hopes that she realizes that her future is without limits, and that she can do or be anything she wants. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT. • • • 8 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION . 9 1.1 Feature Geometry and Partial Vowel Assimilations .. 17 1.1.1 Partial Vowel Harmonies and Transparency and Opacity .. .23 1.2 Underspecification Theories ..... .27 1.2.1 Combinatorial Specification and Grounding Theory . .33 1.2.1.1 Representational Simplicity and Recoverability ... 36 1.2.2 Summary . ..• 37 1~3 Overview of Chapters .37 CHAPTER 2. REDUPLICATION IN FE?FE?-BAMILEKE: EVIDENCE FOR REMOVING [HIGH] AND [LOW] FROM THE PLACE NODE . .40 2.1 High-Vowel Reduplication in Petit Diboum .43 2.1.1 The General Reduplication Pattern . .44 2.1.2 Stem-Initial Consonants and Vowels Agree in Place of Articulation .49 2.1.2.1 Place Node Spread . .51 2.2 Representing Vowels in Petit Diboum . .55 2.2.1 Representational Simplicity and Underlying Representations .61 2.2.1.1 Representational Simplicity and Stems . 2.2.1.2 Height Features under the Place Node .67 6 2.2.1.3 Height Features under the Dorsal Node .. 70 2.3 /Cw-/ Initial forms. .73 2.4 Conclusion .80 CHAPTER 3. TUNICA PARTIAL VOWEL HARMONY AS EVIDENCE FOR HEIGHT FEATURES REPORTING TO THE SUPRALARYNGEAL NODE . .. .82 3 .1 Tunica Vowels and Underlying Represent'ations .. 87 3.1.1 [+Low] Spread'. .89 3.1.2 Evidence for [+High] .92 3.2 Tunica Partial Translaryngeal Vowel Harmony .94 3.2.1 Tunica Translaryngeal Harmony .94 3.2.2 Place Node Spread . 101 3.2.3 Prefixes, Suffixes, and Harmony Targets 105 3.2.4 Summary . 112 3.3 Translaryngeal Harmony and Identity. 113 3.4 Conclusion 120 Appendix A. vowel-Deletion and H-Deletion 122 Appendix B. Tunica Partial Vowel Harmony is Translaryngeal Harmony . 126 CHAPTER 4. VOWEL HEIGHT ASSIMILATION AND RESTRICTIONS IN EWE 130 4.1 Vowel Harmony in Adangbe 135 4.1.1 Underlying Vowel System in Ewe 138 4.1. 2 [Front], [Back], and [+High] 139 4.1.2.1 Evidence for [Front] and [+High] ..... 140 4.1.3 Underlying [ATR] versus Underlying [Low] 144 7 4.1.4 Height Node Spread in Adangbe . 149 4.2 Like-Height Restrictions in Kpando . 153 4.2.1 Stem-final Vowel Sequences in Kpando .. 157 4.3 Conclusion 162 CHAPTER 5. DORSAL PHONOLOGY: RESOLVING CONTRADICTORY EVIDENCE FROM FANTI, KIKURIA, AND QUECHUA 164 5.1 Fanti . 165 5.2 Kikuria Height Harmony . 171 5.3 Uvular Harmony in Quechua 178 5.3.1 Lowering in Ancash-Huailas 179 5.3.2 Lowering in the Cuzco dialect of Quechua. 184 5.3.2.1 Lowering Blocked by Labials and Palatals . 185 5.3.2.2 The Behavior of Alveolars Wi th R.espect to Lowering 187 5.3.2.3 Velars and Glides 190 5.4 Conclusion 192 CHAPTER 6. CONCLUDING REMARKS. 194 6.1 Acoustic and Articulatory Correspondences in the Height Node Geometry .
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