De Geschiedenis Van De Scheikunde in Nederland. Deel 1
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Stapled Peptides—A Useful Improvement for Peptide-Based Drugs
molecules Review Stapled Peptides—A Useful Improvement for Peptide-Based Drugs Mattia Moiola, Misal G. Memeo and Paolo Quadrelli * Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (M.G.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0382-987315 Received: 30 July 2019; Accepted: 1 October 2019; Published: 10 October 2019 Abstract: Peptide-based drugs, despite being relegated as niche pharmaceuticals for years, are now capturing more and more attention from the scientific community. The main problem for these kinds of pharmacological compounds was the low degree of cellular uptake, which relegates the application of peptide-drugs to extracellular targets. In recent years, many new techniques have been developed in order to bypass the intrinsic problem of this kind of pharmaceuticals. One of these features is the use of stapled peptides. Stapled peptides consist of peptide chains that bring an external brace that force the peptide structure into an a-helical one. The cross-link is obtained by the linkage of the side chains of opportune-modified amino acids posed at the right distance inside the peptide chain. In this account, we report the main stapling methodologies currently employed or under development and the synthetic pathways involved in the amino acid modifications. Moreover, we report the results of two comparative studies upon different kinds of stapled-peptides, evaluating the properties given from each typology of staple to the target peptide and discussing the best choices for the use of this feature in peptide-drug synthesis. Keywords: stapled peptide; structurally constrained peptide; cellular uptake; helicity; peptide drugs 1. -
Levensbericht E.J. Dijksterhuis, In: Jaarboek, 1965-1966, Amsterdam, Pp
Huygens Institute - Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) Citation: R. Hooykaas, Levensbericht E.J. Dijksterhuis, in: Jaarboek, 1965-1966, Amsterdam, pp. 387-396 This PDF was made on 24 September 2010, from the 'Digital Library' of the Dutch History of Science Web Center (www.dwc.knaw.nl) > 'Digital Library > Proceedings of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), http://www.digitallibrary.nl' - 1 - HERDENKING VAN EDUARD JAN DIJKSTERHUIS (28 oktober 1892 - 18 mei 1965) Eduard Jan Dijksterhuis werd op 28 oktober 1892 te Tilburg geboren. Hij doorliep daar de Rijks Hogere Burgerschool, waarvan zijn vader directeur was, en legde daarna het aanvullende staats examen gymnasium B af. Na enige aarzeling tussen de klassieke letteren en de wiskunde koos hij de laatste als zijn universitaire studie. Op 1 juni 1918 promoveerde hij op een proefschrift "Een bijdrage tot de kennis van het platte schroevenvlak". Na een korte periode van werkzaamheid als leraar in Groningen (1915-'18) werd hij in 1919 leraar in de wiskunde en de natuur kunde aan de Rijks Hogere Burgerschool Willem II te Tilburg, een betrekking, die hij tot 1953 vervulde. Het bleek al spoedig, dat Dijksterhuis in wezen niet gekozen had tussen zijn belangstelling in de letteren en die in de wiskunde, maar beiden trouw zou blijven. In 1924 verscheen van zijn hand "Val en Worp. Een bijdrage tot de geschiedenis der mechanica van Aristoteles tot Newton". Zoals in de voorrede dankbaar erkend wordt, was hij tot deze studie vooral geïnspireerd door het werk van de Franse fysicus en wetenschapshistoricus Pierre Duhem. Wat hij - ook als jonge man zeer bescheiden - niet vermeldt, is, dat hij bewust een correctie op Duhem's methode aangebracht had. -
Plant Proteomics As a Tool for Elucidating the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Signaling and Plant Interactions with the Environment
PALACKÝ UNIVERESITY OLOMOUC Faculty of Science Plant proteomics as a tool for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying signaling and plant interactions with the environment Mgr. Martin Černý, Ph.D. MENDEL UNIVERSITY IN BRNO Faculty of AgriSciences Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology HABILITATION THESIS Study field: Biochemistry Brno 2021 Děkuji všem, kteří se přímo i nepřímo zasloužili o tuto práci. Mé rodině a přátelům za podporu a trpělivost. Těm, kteří se mnou spolupracovali a těm, co ve spolupráci pokračovali a pokračují i přes řadu experimentů, které nevedly k očekávaným cílům. V neposlední řadě patří poděkování prof. Břetislavu Brzobohatému, bez kterého by tato práce nevznikla. Contents 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 2. Fractionation techniques to increase plant proteome coverage ......................................... 4 2.1. Tissue separation ........................................................................................................ 5 2.2. Subcellular plant proteome ......................................................................................... 7 2.3. Separations at the protein level ................................................................................... 9 2.4. Separation at the peptide level .................................................................................. 11 2.5. Comparison of fractionation techniques .................................................................. -
By Gunther Hirschfelder, Manuel Trummer There Is Scarcely An
by Gunther Hirschfelder, Manuel Trummer There is scarcely an aspect of daily cultural practice which illustrates the processes of transformation in European culture as clearly as daily nutrition. Indeed, securing the latter was essential for the daily fight for survival right up to the mid-19th century, with large sections of the population frequently being confronted with harvest failures and food shortages resulting from wars, extreme weather, pests, fire, changes in the agrarian order, and population growth. Consequently, food and drink were central both in daily life and in the celebration of feasts, and provided an opportunity for social differentiation. The hope for better nutrition was the pri- mary impetus for many migration processes and a canvas onto which desires were projected. The "Land of Cockaigne" motif, which can be traced from the Frenchman Fabliau de Coquaignes in the 13th century to Erich Kästner's (1899–1974) children's book "Der 35. Mai oder Konrad reitet in die Südsee" (1931), is a classic example of this. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. The End of Medieval Cuisine? 3. Consumption and Innovation at the Beginning of the Modern Period – Rice, Buckwheat, and Meat 4. Early Internationalisation and Innovations in the 17th and 18th Centuries – Potatoes, Maize and Hot Drinks 5. The 19th Century – Urbanisation and the Food Industry 6. Conclusion: 1900–1950 7. Appendix 1. Sources 2. Literature 3. Notes Indices Citation Daily nutrition1 has in the past been dependent on many exogenous factors, and remains so.2 Individual preferences have only be- gun to play a more significant role in nutrition since the second half of the 20th century. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Biochemical Kinds And
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Biochemical Kinds and Selective Naturalism A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Philosophy (Science Studies) by Joyce Catherine Havstad Committee in charge: Professor William Bechtel, Chair Professor Craig Callender Professor Nancy Cartwright Professor Cathy Gere Professor James Griesemer 2014 © Joyce Catherine Havstad, 2014 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Joyce Catherine Havstad is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2014 iii DEDICATION for my parents iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page…………………………………………………………………….. iii Dedication…………………………………………………………………………. iv Table of Contents………………………………………………………………….. v List of Figures……………………………………………………………………... viii Vita………………………………………………………………………………… x Abstract of the Dissertation………………………………………………………... xi Introduction………………………………………………………………………... 1 References……………………………………………………………………... 7 Chapter 1: Messy Chemical Kinds………………………………………………… 8 Section 1: Introduction………………………………………………………… 8 Section 2: Microstructuralism about Chemical Kinds…………………………. -
TC İSTANBUL Üniversitesi ( DOKTORA Tezi )
T.C. İSTANBUL ÜNiVERSiTESi SAGLIK BiLiMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ ( DOKTORA TEZi ) 1933 ÜNİVERSİTE REFORMU İLE BİRLİKTE TÜRKİYE'YE GELEN YABANCI BİYOKİMYA HOCALARı VE KATKILARI i -- -- --- ŞÜKRÜARAS DANIŞMAN DOÇ. DR. GÜL TEN DİNÇ TIP TARİHİ VE ETİK ANABiLiM DALI DEONTOLOJİ VE TIP TARİHİ PROGRAMI İSTANBUL-2012 ii TEZ ONAYI Aşağıda tanıtımı yapılan tez. jüri tarafından başarılı bulunarak Doktora Tezi olarak kabul edilmiştir. d { n vw 13/06 /2012 Prof. Dr. Nevin Yalınan Enstitü Müdürü)'- Kurum : İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Program Adı : Deontoloji ve Tıp Tarihi Doktora Programı, Programın Seviyesi: Yüksek Lisans () Doktora ( X ) Anabilim Dalı :Tıp Tarihi ve Etik Tez Sahibi : Şükrü Aras Tez Başlığı : l 933 Üniversite Reformu ile birlikte Türkiye'ye gelen yabancı biyokimya hocaları ve katkı ları Sınav Yeri : İ.Ü. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi. Tıp Tarihi ve Etik Anabilim Dalı Sınav Tarihi : l 3.06.20 l 2 Tez Sınav Jürisi \. Doç. Dr. Gülten Dinç (Tez Danışmanı), İstanb~l Üniversitesi. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi. Tıp Tarihi ve Etik Anabilim Dalı. j·.J ~~ \ 2. Prof. Dr. Nuran Yıldırım (Tez İzleme Komitesi Üyesi), İstanbul Üniversitesi. İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi. Tıp Tarihi ve Etik Anabilim Dalı. ,X._LGUı \ 3. Prof. Dr. Emre Dölen (Tez İzleme Komitesi Üyesi), Marmara Üniversitesi. Eczacılık Fakültesi. ali ik Kimya Anabilim Dalı. yten Altıntaş, İstanbul Üniversitesi. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi. Tıp Tarihi ve Etik Anabilim Dalı. ~-- ~~--j -- 'j .. .. S. Doç. Dr. Yeşim lşıl Ulman. Acıbadem Universitesi. Tıp Fakültesi. Tıp Tarihi ve Etik Anabili~alı. iii BEYAN Bu tez çalışmasının kendi çalışınam olduğunu, tezin planlanmasından yazımına kadar bütün safhalarda etik dışı davranışıının olmadığını, bu tezdeki bütün bilgileri akademik ve etik kurallar içinde elde ettiğimi, bu tez çalışmayla elde edilmeyen bütün bilgi ve yorumlara kaynak gösterdiğimi ve bu kaynakları da kaynaklar listesine aldığımı, yine bu tezin çalışılması ve yazımı sırasında patent ve telif hakiarım ihlal edici bir davranışıının olmadığı beyan ederim. -
In Europe Van Dongen, J
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) In Europe van Dongen, J. DOI 10.1007/s00016-020-00252-2 Publication date 2020 Document Version Final published version Published in Physics in Perspective License CC BY Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): van Dongen, J. (2020). In Europe. Physics in Perspective, 22(1), 3-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-020-00252-2 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:25 Sep 2021 Phys. Perspect. 22 (2020) 3–25 Ó 2020 The Author(s). This article is an open access publication 1422-6944/20/010003-23 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00016-020-00252-2 Physics in Perspective In Europe Jeroen van Dongen* As the History of Science Society, which is based in America, holds its annual meeting in Utrecht, one of the key academic centers on the European continent, one may surmise that the field has returned home. -
Short History of the Art of Distillation by R.J. Forbes
Short History Of The Art Of Distillation By R.J. Forbes If looking for a ebook by R.J. Forbes Short History of the Art of Distillation in pdf form, then you have come on to the faithful site. We furnish the utter release of this book in ePub, PDF, DjVu, txt, doc forms. You may reading Short History of the Art of Distillation online either download. Besides, on our website you can reading guides and other art books online, either downloading them as well. We want attract regard that our site does not store the eBook itself, but we give ref to website where you can load or read online. So that if you need to download pdf by R.J. Forbes Short History of the Art of Distillation , in that case you come on to loyal website. We have Short History of the Art of Distillation txt, ePub, doc, DjVu, PDF forms. We will be pleased if you return to us more. A short history of the art of distillation; from Get this from a library! A short history of the art of distillation; from the beginnings up to the death of Cellier Blumenthal.. [R J Forbes] [PDF] Lust - Complete Collection.pdf Catalog record: short history of the art of Short history of the art of distillation from the beginnings up to the death of Cellier Blumenthal. [PDF] Dark Cosmos: In Search Of Our Universe's Missing Mass And Energy.pdf R.j. forbes | librarything Works by R.J. Forbes: A History of Science and Technology, Short History of the Art of Distillation 2 copies; Bibliographia Antiqua Philosophia Naturalis 1 copy; [PDF] Naruto, Vol. -
Sample Chapter
SSSaaammmpppllleee CCChhhaaapppttteeerrr The History of the Theory of Structure Editor: Karl-Eugen Kurrer Copyright © 2008 Ernst & Sohn, Berlin ISBN: 978-3-433-01838-5 Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG Rotherstraße 21, 10245 Berlin Deutschland www.ernst-und-sohn.de CHAPTER 5 The beginnings of a theory of structures Like all roads in the Roman Empire led to Rome, so we can trace strength of materials back to Galileo’s Discorsi of 1638. Historically, statics and strength of materials had to be found in theory of structures. The author’s interest in Galileo stems not only from Bertolt Brecht’s famous play The Life of Galileo, but also from an in-depth study of the philosophical history of mechanics writings of Pierre Duhem, Eduard Jan Dijksterhuis, Michael Wolff, Gideon Freudenthal and Wolfgang Lefèvre. In 1980, while still a student, the author purchased a copy of Franz Joseph Ritter von Gerstner’s scientific life’s work, the three-volume Handbuch der Mechanik (manual of mechanics) with its magnificent copperplate engravings. An intensive study of this publication and the work of Johann Albert Eytelwein led to the author’s view that these two personalities rounded off the preparatory period of structural theory, but in the end were unable to formulate the programme of structural theory. That was to be left to Navier, who in 1826 fused together statics and strength of materials to form theory of structures. And that’s where the history of the- ory of structures, in its narrower sense, really begins. The results have been published by the author in the yearbook Humanismus und Technik edited by Prof. -
6B. Earth Sciences, Astronomy & Biology
19-th Century ROMANTIC AGE Astronomy, Biology, Earth sciences Collected and edited by Prof. Zvi Kam, Weizmann Institute, Israel The 19th century, the Romantic era. Why romantic? Borrowed from the arts and music, but influenced also the approach to nature and its studies: emphasizing descriptive biology and classification of animals and plants. ASTRONOMY and EARTH SCIENCES EARTH SCIENCES AGE OF THE UNIVERSE AND OF EARTH How can we measure the age of the universe? The size of the universe? The size and distances of stars? How can we estimate the age of earth? How were the various chemical elements created? Characteristic of the 19th century is the transition from geology of stone collecting and sorting, to attempts on modeling the mechanisms shaping the earth crust. The release from religious constraints provided space for testing new theories based on fossils, distributions of rock and soil types, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, soil erosion and sediment, glaciers and their traces, sea floors, earth core etc. Before the 19th century, a reminder: 1650 James Ussher, 1581-1656, an Irish archbishop, claim earth was created 4000 BC, before the first day of creation. 1715 Edmond Halley, 1656-1742, Calculated an estimation of earth age from seawater salinity. He assumed the ancient see contained sweet water, and salinity rose due to earth erosion. 1785 Dr. James Parkinson, 1755-1824, a surgeon (who identified what was later called “Parkinson disease”) and a geologist, one of the founders of the geological society and a supporter of “catastrophism”. Saved the nature museum in Leicester square from bankruptcy of his owner, Sir Ashton Lever. -
Bibliography
BIBLIOGRAPHY ABBREVIATIONS Akademiearchiv Archive ofthe Academy ofthe Berlin-Brandenburg Academy ofSciences and Humanities. Comment. Petrop. Commentarii academiae scientiarum imperialis Petropolitanae DSB Gillispie ed., Dictionary ofScientific Biography. £00 Leonhardi Euleri opera omnia. En..x EnestrOm x = Index of Euler's papers according to EnestrOm, Verzeich nis der Schriften Leonhard Eulers. Gerh. Math. Schr. [G. W. Leibniz), Leibnizens mathematische Schriften. C.I. Gerhardt ed. Gerh. Phil. Schr. [G.W. Leibniz), Die philosophische Schriften von G. W Leibniz. C.1. Gerhardt ed. Histoire de Berlin Histoire de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres [de Ber lin]. Including the presented Memoires of the relevant year. Memoires de Paris Memoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres [de Pa ris]. Ms. Manuscript. Rav..x Index according to the Leibniz-bibliography ofRavier, Bibliographie des (£vres de Leibniz (1937). UNPUBLISHED SOURCE MATERIALS The sources below can be found in the Archive of the Academy of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy ofSciences and Humanities. \. Registres de I' Academie (I-IV-32). The part concerning the period 1746-1766 is printed in Die Registres der Berliner Akademie (E. Winter ed.). 2. Findbuch Preisschriften (DII14). Subtitle: Die an die Akademie eingesandten Preisarbeiten 1745-1939; Verzeichnis der noch vorhandenen Manuskripte. Lore Ulbricht ed. Berlin 1956, verified and improved by R. Faber (without year). 3. Prize essays. Coded with 'I-M' and a sequential number. The essays for the competition for the year 1779 have the numbers 722 up to and including 736. 241 242 BmLlOGRAPHY PuBLICATIONS Aarsleff, Hans, "The Berlin Academy under Frederick the Great." In: History ofthe Human Sciences 1989 (2), 193-206. -
Some Milestones in History of Science About 10,000 Bce, Wolves Were Probably Domesticated
Some Milestones in History of Science About 10,000 bce, wolves were probably domesticated. By 9000 bce, sheep were probably domesticated in the Middle East. About 7000 bce, there was probably an hallucinagenic mushroom, or 'soma,' cult in the Tassili-n- Ajjer Plateau in the Sahara (McKenna 1992:98-137). By 7000 bce, wheat was domesticated in Mesopotamia. The intoxicating effect of leaven on cereal dough and of warm places on sweet fruits and honey was noticed before men could write. By 6500 bce, goats were domesticated. "These herd animals only gradually revealed their full utility-- sheep developing their woolly fleece over time during the Neolithic, and goats and cows awaiting the spread of lactose tolerance among adult humans and the invention of more digestible dairy products like yogurt and cheese" (O'Connell 2002:19). Between 6250 and 5400 bce at Çatal Hüyük, Turkey, maces, weapons used exclusively against human beings, were being assembled. Also, found were baked clay sling balls, likely a shepherd's weapon of choice (O'Connell 2002:25). About 5500 bce, there was a "sudden proliferation of walled communities" (O'Connell 2002:27). About 4800 bce, there is evidence of astronomical calendar stones on the Nabta plateau, near the Sudanese border in Egypt. A parade of six megaliths mark the position where Sirius, the bright 'Morning Star,' would have risen at the spring solstice. Nearby are other aligned megaliths and a stone circle, perhaps from somewhat later. About 4000 bce, horses were being ridden on the Eurasian steppe by the people of the Sredni Stog culture (Anthony et al.