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TC İSTANBUL Üniversitesi ( DOKTORA Tezi ) T.C. İSTANBUL ÜNiVERSiTESi SAGLIK BiLiMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ ( DOKTORA TEZi ) 1933 ÜNİVERSİTE REFORMU İLE BİRLİKTE TÜRKİYE'YE GELEN YABANCI BİYOKİMYA HOCALARı VE KATKILARI i -- -- --- ŞÜKRÜARAS DANIŞMAN DOÇ. DR. GÜL TEN DİNÇ TIP TARİHİ VE ETİK ANABiLiM DALI DEONTOLOJİ VE TIP TARİHİ PROGRAMI İSTANBUL-2012 ii TEZ ONAYI Aşağıda tanıtımı yapılan tez. jüri tarafından başarılı bulunarak Doktora Tezi olarak kabul edilmiştir. d { n vw 13/06 /2012 Prof. Dr. Nevin Yalınan Enstitü Müdürü)'- Kurum : İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Program Adı : Deontoloji ve Tıp Tarihi Doktora Programı, Programın Seviyesi: Yüksek Lisans () Doktora ( X ) Anabilim Dalı :Tıp Tarihi ve Etik Tez Sahibi : Şükrü Aras Tez Başlığı : l 933 Üniversite Reformu ile birlikte Türkiye'ye gelen yabancı biyokimya hocaları ve katkı ları Sınav Yeri : İ.Ü. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi. Tıp Tarihi ve Etik Anabilim Dalı Sınav Tarihi : l 3.06.20 l 2 Tez Sınav Jürisi \. Doç. Dr. Gülten Dinç (Tez Danışmanı), İstanb~l Üniversitesi. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi. Tıp Tarihi ve Etik Anabilim Dalı. j·.J ~~ \ 2. Prof. Dr. Nuran Yıldırım (Tez İzleme Komitesi Üyesi), İstanbul Üniversitesi. İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi. Tıp Tarihi ve Etik Anabilim Dalı. ,X._LGUı \ 3. Prof. Dr. Emre Dölen (Tez İzleme Komitesi Üyesi), Marmara Üniversitesi. Eczacılık Fakültesi. ali ik Kimya Anabilim Dalı. yten Altıntaş, İstanbul Üniversitesi. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi. Tıp Tarihi ve Etik Anabilim Dalı. ~-- ~~--j -- 'j .. .. S. Doç. Dr. Yeşim lşıl Ulman. Acıbadem Universitesi. Tıp Fakültesi. Tıp Tarihi ve Etik Anabili~alı. iii BEYAN Bu tez çalışmasının kendi çalışınam olduğunu, tezin planlanmasından yazımına kadar bütün safhalarda etik dışı davranışıının olmadığını, bu tezdeki bütün bilgileri akademik ve etik kurallar içinde elde ettiğimi, bu tez çalışmayla elde edilmeyen bütün bilgi ve yorumlara kaynak gösterdiğimi ve bu kaynakları da kaynaklar listesine aldığımı, yine bu tezin çalışılması ve yazımı sırasında patent ve telif hakiarım ihlal edici bir davranışıının olmadığı beyan ederim. Uzın. Dr. Şükrü Aras IV İTHAF E şim' e ithaf ediyorum V TEŞEKKÜR Tezimin hazırlanıp tamamlanması sürecinde çok değerli katkılarından dolayı tez ve danışman hocam Doç. Dr. Gülten DİNÇ' e, önceki danışmanım Prof. Dr. Arın NAMAL'a, her türlü destek ve katkılarından dolayı kıymetli hocalanm Prof. Dr. Nuran YILDIRIM'a ve Prof. Dr. Emre DÖLEN'e, Doktora çalışmalarım süresince maddi ve manevı desteklerini esırgemeyen anneme, babama, eşime ve çocuklanma teşekkür ederim. vi İÇİNDEKİLER TEZ ONAYI ................................................................................................................................. ii BEYAN ...................................................................................................................................... iii İTHAF ········································································································································ İV TEŞEKKÜR ................................................................................................................................. V İÇİNDEKİLER ........................................................................................................................... VI BELGE VE RESiMLERiN LiSTESi ....................................................................................... Vii SEMBOLLER 1 KISAL TMALAR LiSTESi ............................................................................. İX ÖZET ............................................................................................................................................ X ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. Xİİ 1. GİRİŞ VE AMAÇ .................................................................................................................... ı 2. GENEL BİLGİLER VE KISA TARİHÇE ............................................................................... 3 2.1. Kimya'dan biyokimyanın doğuşuna uzanan süreç .............................................................. 3 2.1.1. 20. yy. 'a kadar olan gelişmeler ...................................................................................... 5 2.2. Osmanlı Döneminde Kimya ve Biyokimyanın gelişimi ................................................... 22 2.3. Cumhuriyet dönemi ve PSN sınıfı.. ................................................................................... 27 2.4. Üniversite Reformu'na kadar biyokimyasal araştırma faaliyetleri .................................... 28 2.5. 1933 Üniversite Reformu Süreci ....................................................................................... 30 3. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM .......................................................................................................... 38 4. ÜLKEMiZE GELEN YABANCI BİYOKİMY A HOCALARI VE Y ARDIMCILARI ........ 39 4.1. Ord. Prof. Dr. Werner Lipschitz ( 1892-1 948) ................................................................... 39 4.2. Prof. Dr. Felix Haurowitz (1896-1987) ............................................................................. 55 4.3. Prof. Dr. Zdenko Stary (1899-ı 968) ................................................................................ 96 4.4. Reform sürecinde ülkemize gelen hocaların yabancı yardımcıları.. ................................ ı ı 9 5.Y ABANCI BİYOKİMY A HOCALARININ ÜLKEMiZDE YETİŞTİRDİGİ BiLiM İNSANLARI ............................................................................................................................ 14ı 6. TARTIŞMA VE SONUÇ ..................................................................................................... 153 KAYNAKLAR ......................................................................................................................... ı 65 vıı BELGE VE RESiMLERiN LiSTESi 2. ı. Eczacı-Kimyacı Della Suda Faik Paşa 2.2. Kırımlı Aziz Bey'in karakalem portresi 2.3. Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Şahanede Tahlilatı Kimyeviye Muallirni Ali Rıza Bey'in kartviziti 2.4. 1908 yılında Haydarpaşa'daki Tıbbiye"de organik kimya muallirni olarak göreve başlayan Hadi Faik Bey (Saçlı) 2.5. Hadi Faik Bey (Saçlı) laboratuvarda çalışırken 2.6. Fransız ordusu subaylarından Dr. Botonnet 2.7. Şam Tıbbiyesi'nin kapanması üzerine, ı924 yılında FKB'de kimya derslerini vermekle görevlendirilen, Muallim Mustafa Hakkı(? -ı918) (Nalçacı) 4. ı. Ord. Prof. Dr. Werner Lipschitz ( 1892-1948)'in karakalem portresi 4.2. Ord. Prof. Dr. Werner Lipschitz'in vesikalık fotoğrafı 4.3. Ord. Prof. Dr. Werner Lipschitz tarafından hazırlanan Hayati ve Tıbbi Kimya Dersleri isimli (Çev. Dr. Saip Atademir; İstanbul 1937) biyokimya kitabı 4.4. Ord. Prof. Dr. Felix Haurowitz ( 1896-1 987), Ülkerniz Biyokimya alanına katkısı en fazla olan ve çalıştığımız Hocalar içerisinde bilim dünyasında adını en çok duyuran biyokimyacı 4.5. Felix Haurowitz'in eşi ve çocukları 4.6. Tıbbi ve Hayati Kimya Laboratuvarının resimleri 4.7. Felix Haurowitz'e ait beyanname 4.8. Felix Haurowitz'le yapılan sözleşmenin fotoğrafı (Sayfa 1) 4.9. Felix Haurowitz'le yapılan sözleşmenin fotoğrafı (Sayfa 2) 4.10. Tıbbi ve Hayati Kimya Enstitüsü Direktörü Felix Haurowitz 4.1 1. Tıbbi ve Hayati Kimya Enstitüsü Eski Direktörü Felix Haurowitz"e 1972 yılında İstanbul Üniversitesi tarafından Fahri Doktora Ünvanı verilmesi ile ilgili oylama sonuçları 4. ı2. Felix Haurowitz'in Ocak 1940 yılında i.ü Fen Fakültesi Mecmuasında yayınlanan bir çalışması 4.1 3. Felix Haurowitz'in Enzyrnologia dergisinde yayınlanan (Cilt:9, S:95, Yıl: 1940) bir makalesi 4. 14. Felix Haurowitz'in Journal of Biological Chemistry dergisinde yayınlanan bir makalesi 4. 15. "'Komplemente (Alexin) ait araştırmalar" isimli makalesi Dr. Şaban Örnektekin tarafından Türkçe'ye çevrildi ve İstanbul Seririyatı adlı dergide yayınlandı (Cilt:23, No:7, Yıl: 1941) 4.16. Felix Haurowitz tarafından yazılan Biokimya Kitabı. Prof. Dr. Sadi Irrnak ve Doç. Dr. Osman Saka tarafından Türkçe'ye tercüme edildi (I. Baskı 1940, II. Baskı 1943, III. Baskı 1945 ve IV. Baskı 1948) 4. ı 7. Prof. Dr. Zdenko Stary'nin vesikalık fotoğrafı ve karakalem portresi 4.18. Prof. Dr. Zdenko Stary'nin ı 957 yılında kendi hazırladığı özgeçmiş. 4.1 9. Prof. Dr. Zdenko Stary Ordinaryüs payesiyle davet edildi ve Ülkemizde ilk olarak Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Biyokimya Enstitüsü'nde görev yaptı (Sözleşme sayfa 1) 4.20. Prof. Dr. Zdenko Stary Ordinaryüs payesiyle davet edildi ve Ülkemizde ilk olarak Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Biyokimya Enstitüsü'nde görev yaptı (Sözleşme sayfa 2) 4.21. Prof. Dr. Zdenko Stary'nin 1952 yılında yenilenen sözleşmesi 4.22. Prof. Dr. Zdenko Stary'nin hazırladığı Tıbbi Biokimya II isimli kitap, 1951 yılında basıldı 4.23. Prof. Dr. Zdenko Stary"nin hazırladığı Biokimya Dersleri I isimli kitap, ı 951 yılında basıldı 4.24. Mile Paula Schwerin 4.25. Friedrich Ludwig Breusch 4.26. Sura Gitla Lisie Anhegger 5.1. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Mutahhar Yenson (1911-2003) 5.2. Mutahhar Yenson'nun fotğrafı ve Karikatlirli (Çizen:Prof. Dr. Kazım Ansan) vııı 5.3. Prof. Dr. Fahamet Arat (1922- 1999) 5.4. Prof. Dr. Hatice Bodur (1902-1993) 5.5. Prof. Dr. Şevket Tekman (191 1-1991) 5.6. Prof. Dr. Musa Kazım Aras 5.7. Prof. Dr. Hikmet Öz (1929-2010) ix SEMBOLLER 1 KISAL TMALAR LiSTESi A.İ.B.Ü: Abant Izzet Baysal Üniversitesi İ.Ü.: İstanbul Üniversitesi KBB: Kulak Burun Boğaz PCN: Fizik, Kimya ve Biyoloji X ÖZET 1933 ÜNİVERSİTE REFORMU İLE BİRLİKTE TÜRKİYE'YE GELEN YABANCI BİYOKİMY A HOCALARı VE KATKILARI Şükrü ARAS Tap Tarihi ve Etik Anabilim Dah, Deontoloji ve Tap
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