DOCSLIB.ORG

Pinos San Pedro-Preliminares.P652 04/02/2005, 05:04 P.M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pinos San Pedro-Preliminares.P652 04/02/2005, 05:04 P.M Pinos San Pedro-Preliminares.p652 04/02/2005, 05:04 p.m. EL BOSQUE DE CONÍFERAS DE LA SIERRA DE SAN PEDRO MÁRTIR, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MÉXICO Pinos San Pedro-Preliminares.p653 04/02/2005, 05:04 p.m. Pinos San Pedro-Preliminares.p654 04/02/2005, 05:04 p.m. EL BOSQUE DE CONÍFERAS DE LA SIERRA DE SAN PEDRO MÁRTIR, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MÉXICO José Delgadillo Rodríguez Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales Instituto Nacional de Ecología Pinos San Pedro-Preliminares.p655 04/02/2005, 05:04 p.m. Pinos San Pedro-Preliminares.p656 04/02/2005, 05:04 p.m. Contenido Prólogo 7 Introducción 8 Capítulo 1. Generalidades 9 Primeros habitantes 9 Primeros exploradores 9 La misión 10 La actividad ganadera 11 La actividad forestal 13 Estatus de conservación 15 Otras propuestas 16 Capítulo 2. Caracterización física 17 Fisiografía 17 Geología 21 Edafología 24 Hidrología 25 Capítulo 3. Bioclimatología 26 Clima mediterráneo 27 Bioclimatología 28 Diagramas climáticos 35 Diagrama de balance hídrico 35 Pisos bioclimáticos 44 Piso mesomediterráneo 49 Piso supramediterráneo 50 Pinos San Pedro-Preliminares.p657 04/02/2005, 05:04 p.m. Capítulo 4. Fitogeografía 48 Región californiana 57 Provincia martirense 57 Capítulo 5. Composición florística 59 Flora 59 Formas biológicas 60 Endemismo 64 Consideraciones florísticas especiales 66 Capítulo 6. Descripción de la vegetación 70 Bosque de pinus 72 Bosque de pinus de montaña 73 Bosque de Pinus quadrifolia y Pinus monophylla 75 Bosque de Pinus jeffreyi 79 Bosque mixto 81 Bosque de Pinus contorta var. murrayana 86 Bosque de Juniperus 87 Bosque de Cupressus 89 Vegetación riparia 91 Praderas 95 Capítulo 7. Comunidades fitosociológicas 95 Generalidades 95 Bosque de pino piñonero y juniperus 99 Bosques de pinus de montaña symphoricarpoi- oreophlii-Pinetum jeffreyi 106 Potentillo rimicolae-pinetum murrayanae 107 Bibliografía 109 Glosario 121 Anexo I. Catálogo florístico 127 Anexo II. Catálogo fotográfico 143 Pinos San Pedro-Preliminares.p658 04/02/2005, 05:04 p.m. Figuras Figura 1. Ubicación de la Sierra de San Pedro Mártir 18 Figura 2. Corte transversal de la Sierra de San Pedro Mártir 21 Figura 3. Leyendas de un diagrama climático 38 Figura 4. Diagrama climático de la estación meteorológica No. 95 38 Figura 5. Diagrama Balance hídrico de la estación meteorológica No. 95 42 Figura 6. Pisos de vegetación de Baja California 47 Figura 7. Distribución aproximada de los pisos bioclimáticos y de vegetación de la Sierra de San Pedro Mártir 48 Figura 8. Fitogeografía de Baja California 56 Figura 9. Representación esquemática del bosque de coníferas 74 Fotos Foto 1. Vertiente oeste de la Sierra de San Pedro Mártir 19 Foto 2. Vertiente este de la Sierra de San Pedro Mártir 19 Foto 3. Vista del Picacho del Diablo (3100 m), desde el área de Observatorio mayor 20 Foto 4. Exposición de roca granítica en la Sierra de San Pedro Mártir 19 Foto 5. Una tormenta de verano vista desde la vertiente oeste de la Sierra de San Pedro Mártir 23 Foto 6. Vista invernal (con nieve) de la zona de Vallecitos 34 Foto 7. Piso bioclimático mesomediterráneo 51 Foto 8. Piso bioclimático supramediterráneo 53 Foto 9. Comunidades de Pinus quadrifolia 76 FOTO 10. Comunidades de Pinus quadrifolia 77 Foto 11. Panorámica hacia el oeste del bosque de coníferas 81 Foto 12. Pinus jeffreyi y Quercus agrifolia a lo largo de cañadas 81 Foto 13. Comunidad de Populus tremuloides (álamo) 94 Gráficas Grafica 1. Distribución estacional de la precipitación 32 Pinos San Pedro-Preliminares.p659 04/02/2005, 05:04 p.m. Cuadros Cuadro 1. Temperatura promedio mensual de dos estaciones meteorológicas 30 Cuadro 2. Datos de temperatura de la estación meteorologica No. 95 30 Cuadro 3. Valores de precipitación media anual 32 Cuadro 4. Valores reportados de precipitación en diferentes periodos 33 Cuadro 5. Datos de evaporación (ET) de la estación meteorológica No. 95 43 Cuadro 6. Las diez familias con el mayor numero de taxa 60 Cuadro 7. Géneros con el mayor número de taxa y su forma biológica 61 Cuadro 8. Porcentaje de las formas biológicas de la flora vascular 62 Cuadro 9. Algunos de los taxa predominantes en el bosque de coníferas 63 Cuadro 10. Relación de los taxa endémicos registrados 65 Cuadro 11. Índice de abundancia-cobertura de Braun-Blanquet 96 Pinos San Pedro-Preliminares.p6510 04/02/2005, 05:04 p.m. Prólogo Este trabajo reúne información sobre los recursos naturales, particularmente la vegetación, de la Sierra de San Pedro Mártir en Baja California. Conjunta datos provenientes de importantes estudios desarrollados en la zona así como información obtenida por el autor a lo largo de más de 22 años como profesor de botánica de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Autóno- ma de Baja California. Su propósito es describir estos bosques borelaes únicos en México, con- siderados una isla biogeográfica en la península de Baja California, y su re- lación con el entorno físico (geología, edafología y clima). A partir de colectas y datos de herbarios se hace un análisis de la flora registrada en esta sierra y se describe la riqueza florística del área. Se presen- ta un listado de las especies de plantas que encontramos en la región y un catálogo ilustrado de las especies de plantas representativas del área y que pueden considerarse como las características de la estructura del bosque. Este trabajo representa un aporte para conocer mejor los aspectos físi- cos y bióticos del estado de Baja California, y de manera especial la riqueza natural de una porción muy importante no solo de esta entidad sino de nuestro país. La Sierra de San Pedro Mártir cuenta con una larga historia de decretos de protección para sus recursos naturales (reserva forestal, parque nacio- nal y reserva forestal nacional), por lo que el contenido de este libro puede ser de utilidad para la elaboración del programa de manejo de esta área na- tural protegida. Prólogo 11 Pinos San Pedro-A Prólogo.p6511 04/02/2005, 05:06 p.m. 12 El bosque de coníferas Pinos San Pedro-A Prólogo.p6512 04/02/2005, 05:06 p.m. Introducción La Sierra de San Pedro Mártir es un sistema de alta montaña localizado en el estado de Baja California. Geológicamente formado por granodioritas, es la continuación meridional de la cordillera montañosa californiana. La ve- getación en sus partes altas presenta un bosque de coníferas de carácter templado seco, similar en su fisonomía y composición florística general a los bosques del sur de California (EE.UU.). Sus características climáticas de tipo mediterráneo, únicas en México, favorecen la condición relictual de este tipo de bosque boreal en la penín- sula de Baja California. Desde la perspectiva de su bioclima, presenta dos pisos de vegetación, el supramediterráneo y mesomediterráneo superior; por su diversidad florística y sus comunidades vegetales ha sido considera- do una isla biogeográfica y una provincia fitogeográfica, la Martirense, dife- rente de la Californiania. El bosque de coníferas se distribuye a partir de los 1,500 msnm, hasta prácticamente los 3,100 m en el Picacho del Diablo, el pico más alto de la península. Su estructura es muy abierta, con un sotobosque muy pobre. Sus praderas tienen una alta diversidad de herbáceas perennes, y repre- sentan zonas de alta capacidad de captación de agua, principalmente du- rante el invierno. Este bosque de coníferas presenta un alto grado de conservación (90%), sin duda debido a lo alejado de los centros urbanos y lo poco accesible durante la época de invierno. Cuenta con los siguientes decretos: reserva forestal (1923), parque nacional (1947), reserva forestal nacional (1951). En octubre de 1996, y posteriormente en 2003, se firmó el convenio entre la SEMARNAP, la Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP) y el Introducción 13 Pinos San Pedro-B Introducción.p6513 04/02/2005, 05:07 p.m. Gobierno del Estado de Baja California para la transferencia de acciones de manejo y conservación de esa zona, también clasificada como una región terrestre prioritaria para la Conservación por la Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) y otras instituciones. 14 El bosque de coníferas Pinos San Pedro-B Introducción.p6514 04/02/2005, 05:07 p.m. Capítulo 1. Generalidades Los primeros habitantes Los kiliwas, etnia del grupo lingüístico yumano (Meigs 1935, 1939, en Minnich et al. 1994) son los habitantes más antiguos de la Sierra de San Pedro Mártir, y de cuya presencia durante miles de años dan cuenta los vestigios arqueológicos de la región. La Sierra es, y ha sido para este grupo, su casa y su fuente de alimento (Estrada 1991). Hinton (1957 en Minnich et al. 1994) señaló que la mayoría de los kiliwas se asentaban a lo largo de Arroyo de León, una área que consideraban como su «reserva» y que les fue otorgada por el gobierno. Fueron cazadores nómadas y recolectores de plantas, utilizando mucho los recursos de la Sierra, pero también practica- ron la agricultura (Meigs 1939, Owen 1963 en Minnich et al. 1994). El princi- pal producto obtenido de estas actividades era el piñón en otoño, que co- lectaban hasta hace una década, cuando fue quemado su piñonal; por su parte, los paipai, otro grupo indígena de la región, siguen practicando su recolección hasta la fecha (Estrada 1997 en Minnich y Franco-Vizcaíno 1999). Primeros exploradores La Sierra de San Pedro Mártir fue observada a distancia por Ulloa (1539) y después por los padres jesuitas Eusebio Kino y Juan María Salvatierra (1701), durante los viajes marítimos en el Golfo de California. Posteriormente fue explotada, con algunos asentamientos durante un período relativamente corto, en la época turbulenta de la historia de las misiones, a finales del siglo XVIII (Meigs 1935 en Minnich et al.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Disturbances Influence Trait Evolution in Pinus
    Master's Thesis Diversify or specialize: Disturbances influence trait evolution in Pinus Supervision by: Prof. Dr. Elena Conti & Dr. Niklaus E. Zimmermann University of Zurich, Institute of Systematic Botany & Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Landscape Dynamics Bianca Saladin October 2013 Front page: Forest of Pinus taeda, northern Florida, 1/2013 Table of content 1 STRONG PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL IN PINE TRAITS 5 1.1 ABSTRACT 5 1.2 INTRODUCTION 5 1.3 MATERIAL AND METHODS 8 1.3.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 8 1.3.2 TRAIT DATA 9 1.3.3 PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL 9 1.4 RESULTS 11 1.4.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 11 1.4.2 PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL 12 1.5 DISCUSSION 14 1.5.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 14 1.5.2 PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL 16 1.6 CONCLUSION 17 1.7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17 1.8 REFERENCES 19 2 THE ROLE OF FIRE IN TRIGGERING DIVERSIFICATION RATES IN PINE SPECIES 21 2.1 ABSTRACT 21 2.2 INTRODUCTION 21 2.3 MATERIAL AND METHODS 24 2.3.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 24 2.3.2 DIVERSIFICATION RATE 24 2.4 RESULTS 25 2.4.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 25 2.4.2 DIVERSIFICATION RATE 25 2.5 DISCUSSION 29 2.5.1 DIVERSIFICATION RATE IN RESPONSE TO FIRE ADAPTATIONS 29 2.5.2 DIVERSIFICATION RATE IN RESPONSE TO DISTURBANCE, STRESS AND PLEIOTROPIC COSTS 30 2.5.3 CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE ANALYSIS PATHWAY 33 2.5.4 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 34 2.6 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 34 2.7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 35 2.8 REFERENCES 36 3 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 39 3.1 S1 - ACCESSION NUMBERS OF GENE SEQUENCES 40 3.2 S2 - TRAIT DATABASE 44 3.3 S3 - SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MAPS 58 3.4 S4 - DISTRIBUTION OF TRAITS OVER PHYLOGENY 81 3.5 S5 - PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL OF 19 BIOCLIM VARIABLES 84 3.6 S6 – COMPLETE LIST OF REFERENCES 85 2 Introduction to the Master's thesis The aim of my master's thesis was to assess trait and niche evolution in pines within a phylogenetic comparative framework.
    [Show full text]
  • North American Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands: Ecological Composition, Dynamics, and Future Trends
    North American Pinyon–Juniper Woodlands: Ecological Composition, Dynamics, and Future Trends Esteban Muldavin and F Jack Triepke, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction 1 Types of Pinyon–Juniper Woodlands 3 Detailed Pinyon–Juniper Woodland Descriptions 4 G198 Californian Conifer Forest & Woodland Group 4 G487 Madrean Juniper Open Woodland Group 5 G200 Madrean Pinyon–Juniper Woodland Group 5 G900 Colorado Plateau Pinyon–Juniper Woodland Group 5 G248 Columbia Plateau Western Juniper Open Woodland Group 6 G899 Great Basin Pinyon–Juniper Woodland Group 6 G249 Intermountain Basins Curl-leaf Mountain-mahogany Woodland & Scrub 6 G252 Southern Rocky Mountain Juniper Open Woodland Group 6 G253 Southern Rocky Mountain Pinyon–Juniper Woodland Group 6 Ecological Dynamics in Pinyon–Juniper Woodlands 7 Fire Regimes 7 Insect Pathogens 8 Ecosystem Services and the Changing Land Use of Pinyon–Juniper Woodlands 9 History and Land Use Impacts (e.g., Involving Herbivory, Changes in Fire Regime) 10 Pinyon nuts 10 Livestock use 10 Fuelwood 11 Pinyon–Juniper Woodlands and Climate 12 Tree Mortality and Plant Composition Changes 12 Carbon Storage as an Ecosystem Service 13 Conclusion—Climate and Carbon 13 Future Trends and Conservation 14 References 14 Abstract Pinyon and juniper woodland is a major biome type centered on the Basin and Range and Colorado Plateau physiographic regions of interior western North America. It covers over 40 million ha from western Oregon in the northwest United States, eastward to Wyoming and southward to northern Chihuahua in Mexico, then westward to Baja California. Climatically, these woodlands lie within both the warm and cold temperate zones of North America but at the wetter and cooler portion of the semiarid realm where precipitation seldom exceeds 400 mm.
    [Show full text]
  • California Partners in Flight the USDA Forest Service Klamath Bird Observatory and PRBO Conservation Science
    The Coniferous Forest Bird Conservation Plan A Strategy for Protecting and Managing Coniferous Forest Habitats and Associated Birds in California Version 1.1 March 2002 A project of California Partners in Flight The USDA Forest Service Klamath Bird Observatory and PRBO Conservation Science Conservation Plan Lead Authors: John C. Robinson, USDA Forest Service John Alexander, Klamath Bird Observatory Conservation Plan Supporting Authors, PRBO Conservation Science: Sue Abbott Diana Humple Grant Ballard Melissa Pitkin Dan Barton Sandy Scoggin Gregg Elliott Diana Stralberg Sacha Heath Focal Species Account Authors: Black-backed Woodpecker – Kerry Farris Black-throated Gray Warbler – Tina Mark, USDA Forest Service Brown Creeper – Danielle LeFer, San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory Dark-eyed Junco – Jim DeStaebler, PRBO Conservation Science Flammulated Owl – Susan Yasuda, USDA Forest Service Fox Sparrow – Anne King, EDAW, Inc. Golden-crowned Kinglet – John C. Robinson, USDA Forest Service MacGillivray's Warbler – Chris Otahal, USDA Forest Service Olive-sided Flycatcher – Paul Brandy, Endangered Species Recovery Program Pileated Woodpecker – John C. Robinson, USDA Forest Service Red-breasted Nuthatch – Tina Mark and John C. Robinson, USDA Forest Service Vaux's Swift – John Sterling, Jones and Stokes Associates Western Tanager – Cory Davis, USDA Forest Service Financial Contributors: USDA Forest Service Packard Foundation National Fish and Wildlife Foundation PRBO Conservation Science Klamath Bird Observatory Acknowledgements: California Partners in Flight wishes to thank everyone who helped write, promote, and produce this document. Special thanks to Laurie Fenwood, Geoffrey Geupel, Aaron Holmes, Genny Wilson, Ryan Burnett, and Doug Wallace, and to Sophie Webb for her cover illustration. Recommended Citation: CalPIF (California Partners in Flight). 2002.
    [Show full text]
  • (FIA) Annual Inventory Answers the Question: What Is Happening to Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands?
    Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Annual Inventory Answers the Question: What Is Happening to Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands? John D. Shaw, Brytten E. Steed, and Larry T. DeBlander Widespread mortality in the pinyon-juniper forest type is associated with several years of drought in Pinus monophylla Torr.&Frem.)—and one the southwestern United States. A complex of drought, insects, and disease is responsible for pinyon or more juniper species (Juniperus spp.); mortality rates approaching 100% in some areas, while other areas have experienced little or no pure stands of pinyon usually are not con- mortality. Implementation of the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) annual inventory in several states sidered a separate type. Pinyon nuts were a coincided with the onset of elevated mortality rates. Adjunct inventories provided supplemental data on staple food for Native Americans of the damaging agents. Preliminary analysis reveals the status and trends of mortality in pinyon-juniper Southwest for thousands of years, and the woodlands. harvest of this valuable resource continues ABSTRACT today (Lanner 1981). There also are many Keywords: forest inventory, FIA, pinyon pines, pinyon-juniper woodlands, drought, mortality, Ips traditional and modern uses for pinyon and confusus, bark beetles, southwestern United States juniper wood. The extensive range and vol- ume of the resource has generated interest in intensive use, such as an energy-producing biomass crop. However, pinyon-juniper he Forest Inventory and Analysis same systematic sample grid as was used for woodland is seen as a weedy invader of pro- (FIA) is a national USDA Forest periodic inventories, but the plots are evenly ductive grasslands by some.
    [Show full text]
  • The Spanish and Mexican Baseline of California Tree and Shrubland Distributions Since the Late 18Th Century
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 33 | Issue 1 Article 4 2015 The pS anish and Mexican Baseline of California Tree and Shrubland Distributions Since the Late 18th Century Richard A. Minnich University of California, Riverside Brett R. Goforth California State University, San Bernardino Richard Minnich Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons, and the Forest Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Minnich, Richard A.; Goforth, Brett R.; and Minnich, Richard (2015) "The pS anish and Mexican Baseline of California Tree and Shrubland Distributions Since the Late 18th Century," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 33: Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol33/iss1/4 Aliso, 33(1), pp. 5–76 ISSN 0065-6275 (print), 2327-2929 (online) THE SPANISH AND MEXICAN BASELINE OF CALIFORNIA TREE AND SHRUBLAND DISTRIBUTIONS SINCE THE LATE 18TH CENTURY RICHARD A. MINNICH1,3 AND BRETT R. GOFORTH2 1Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521; 2Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, California State University, San Bernardino, California 92407 3Corresponding author ([email protected]) ABSTRACT Historical distributions of 31 tree species, chaparral, and coastal sage scrub described by Spanish land explorers in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries (1769–1806) and in land grant disen˜os (1784– 1846) are reconstructed at 634 localities across central and southern California. This baseline predates most formal botanical surveys by nearly a century, allowing for assessment of vegetation change over the broadest time frame for comparison with pre-historical evidences and future distributions.
    [Show full text]
  • Mistletoes of North American Conifers
    United States Department of Agriculture Mistletoes of North Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station American Conifers General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-98 September 2002 Canadian Forest Service Department of Natural Resources Canada Sanidad Forestal SEMARNAT Mexico Abstract _________________________________________________________ Geils, Brian W.; Cibrián Tovar, Jose; Moody, Benjamin, tech. coords. 2002. Mistletoes of North American Conifers. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS–GTR–98. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 123 p. Mistletoes of the families Loranthaceae and Viscaceae are the most important vascular plant parasites of conifers in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Species of the genera Psittacanthus, Phoradendron, and Arceuthobium cause the greatest economic and ecological impacts. These shrubby, aerial parasites produce either showy or cryptic flowers; they are dispersed by birds or explosive fruits. Mistletoes are obligate parasites, dependent on their host for water, nutrients, and some or most of their carbohydrates. Pathogenic effects on the host include deformation of the infected stem, growth loss, increased susceptibility to other disease agents or insects, and reduced longevity. The presence of mistletoe plants, and the brooms and tree mortality caused by them, have significant ecological and economic effects in heavily infested forest stands and recreation areas. These effects may be either beneficial or detrimental depending on management objectives. Assessment concepts and procedures are available. Biological, chemical, and cultural control methods exist and are being developed to better manage mistletoe populations for resource protection and production. Keywords: leafy mistletoe, true mistletoe, dwarf mistletoe, forest pathology, life history, silviculture, forest management Technical Coordinators_______________________________ Brian W. Geils is a Research Plant Pathologist with the Rocky Mountain Research Station in Flagstaff, AZ.
    [Show full text]
  • FOOD PLANTS of the NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS by ELIAS YANOVSKY, Chemist, Carbohydrate Resea'rch Division, Bureau of Chemistry and Soils
    r I UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Miscellaneous Publication No. 237 Washington, D. C. July 1936 FOOD PLANTS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS By KLIAS YANOYSKY Chemist Carbohydrate Research Division, Bureau of Chemistry and Soils Foe sale by the Superintendent of Dosnenia, Washington. D. C. Price 10 centS UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION No. 237 WASHINGTON, D. C. JULY 1936 FOOD PLANTS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS By ELIAS YANOVSKY, chemist, Carbohydrate Resea'rch Division, Bureau of Chemistry and Soils CONTENTS Page Page Foreword 1 Literature cited 65 Introduction I Index 69 Plants 2 FOREWORD This publication is a summary of the records of food plants used by the Indians of the United States and Canada which have appeared in ethnobotanical publications during a period of nearly 80 years.This compilation, for which all accessible literature has been searched, was drawn up as a preliminary to work by the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils on the chemical constituents and food value of native North American plants.In a compilation of this sort, in which it is im- possible to authenticate most of the botanical identifications because of the unavailability of the specimens on which they were based, occa- sional errors are unavoidable.All the botanical names given have been reviewed in the light of our present knowledge of plant distribu- tion, however, and it is believed that obvious errors of identification have been eliminated. The list finds its justification as a convenient summary of the extensive literature and is to be used subject to con- firmation and correction.In every instance brief references are made to the original authorities for the information cited.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific and Common Names Common Names Scientific Names
    The Search for Forest Facts: A History of the Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1926–2000 Scientific and Common Names Common names Scientific names Plants: Acacia Acacia Mill. Ash Fraxinus spp. Asian raspberry Rubus ellipticus Sm. Australian saltbush Atriplex semibaccata R. Br. Austrian pine Pinus nigra Arnold Banana poka Passiflora mollissima (Kunth) L.H. Bailey Bear clover Chamaebatia foliolosa Benth. Bishop pine Pinus muricata D. Don Bitterbrush Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC. Blue gum Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Bristlecone pine Pinus aristata Engelm. California black oak Quercus kelloggii Newberry California poppy Eschscholzia californica Cham. California red fir Abies magnifica A. Murray Catalpa Catalpa spp. Chamise Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn. Cinchona Cinchona spp. Common iceplant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. Cork oak Quercus suber L. Coulter pine Pinus coulteri D. Don Currant Ribes spp. Desert false indigo Amorpha fruticosa L. Digger pine (gray pine) Pinus sabiniana Douglas ex Douglas Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco Faya-tree Myrica faya Aiton Four-leaf pine Pinus quadrifolia Parl. Gorse Ulex europaeus L. Gray pine Pinus sabiniana Douglas ex Douglas Guayule Parthenium argentatum A. Gray Hemlock Tsuga spp. Hemp Cannabis spp. Hickory Carya spp. Incense-cedar Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin Indian hemp Apocynum cannabinum L. Indigo bush Amorpha californica Nutt. Interior live oak Quercus wislizeni A. DC. Jeffrey pine Pinus jeffreyi Balf. Knobcone pine Pinus attenuata Lemmon Koa Acacia koa A. Gray Koster’s curse Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don Larkspur Delphinium spp. Loblolly pine Pinus taeda L. Locust Robinia spp. 443 GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PSW-GTR-233 Longleaf pine Pinus palustris Mill. Madrone Arbutus spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Population-Wide Changes in Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands Caused by Drought in the American Southwest: Effects on Structure, Composition, and Distribution
    Population-Wide Changes in Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands Caused by Drought in the American Southwest: Effects on Structure, Composition, and Distribution John D. Shaw* USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Inventory and Analysis, 507 25th Street, Ogden, UT 84401 Abstract A complex of drought, insects, and disease caused widespread mortality in the pinyon-juniper forest types of the American Southwest in recent years. Data from 14,929 plots spanning 25 years and representing over 25 million hectares were analyzed to characterize effects of drought-related mortality on the structure, composition, and distribution of pinyon and juniper species throughout their ranges. Pinus edulis experienced higher rates of mortality since 2003 than at any time between 1981 and 2002. Most Juniperus species experienced very low rates of mortality under normal conditions, and showed a small increase in mortality during the recent drought event. Trees affected by drought tend to be lower in elevation than the general population, and smaller trees appear to have experienced a higher proportion of mortality than larger trees. However, there is no evidence of elevational or geographic range contraction. This analysis quantifies landscape-level changes resulting from human, biological, and climatic influences. Keywords: stand structure, mortality, species composition, species distribution, range contraction 1. Introduction “Pinyon-juniper” is a catch-all term that includes mixtures of several pinyon and juniper species, as well as pure stands of any of the species used to define the type (Table 1). In the western U.S. the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program recognizes 4 forest types belonging to the pinyon-juniper group – Rocky Mountain juniper, western juniper, juniper woodland, and pinyon-juniper woodland – which are defined by composition of pinyon and juniper species.
    [Show full text]
  • A. Summary List and Discussion of Single Fossils. Small Fossil Set Additional Fossils of the Large Fossil
    A. Summary list and discussion of single fossils. Small fossil set - Pinus baileyi. 45 Ma; stem section Pinus - Pinus canariensis. 12.8 Ma; stem P. canariensis - P. roxburghii (clade) - Pinus crossii. 27 Ma; stem subsection Balfourianae - Pinus densiflora. 1.1 Ma; P. densiflora – P. sylvestris divergence - Pinus florissantii. 34 Ma; stem subsection Strobus - Pinus fujiii. 15 Ma; stem MRCA of P. kesiya and P. tabuliformis - Pinus haboroensis. 65 Ma; stem subgenus Pinus - Pinus halepensis. 12.8 Ma; P. halepensis – P. brutia divergence - Pinus hazenii. 5 Ma; P. coulteri – P. sabiniana divergence - Pinus prekesiya. 5.3 Ma; P. yunnanensis – P. kesiya divergence - Pinus radiata. 0.4 Ma; P. radiata – P. muricata divergence - Pinus storeyana. 12 Ma; stem or within Attenuatae clade - Pinus triphylla. 90 Ma; stem subgenus Pinus - Pinus yorkshirensis. 129 Ma; stem Pinus Additional fossils of the large fossil set - Pinus delmarensis. 38 Ma; stem subsection Strobus - Pinus lindgrenii. 6 Ma; MRCA of P. edulis - P. johannis clade - Pinus premassoniana. 5.3 Ma; stem of P. massoniana - Pinus riogrande. 27.2 Ma; Ponderosae clade - Pinus sanjuanensis. 27 Ma; stem of subsection Cembroides - Pinus truckeensis. 12 Ma; subsection Ponderosae within P. ponderosa - clade - Pinus weasmaii. 3 Ma; stem of P. contorta Genus Pinus Pinus yorkshirensis Location: Wealden Formation, NE England Age: 131-129 Ma. Discussion: These are the earliest well-dated cones that belong to the genus Pinus, based on internal anatomy and external morphology, such as the presence of cone scales with apophyses and umbos, features unique to Pinus among extant Pinaceae (Ryberg et al., 2012). Another early representative from the Wealden Formation (P.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cahuilla and the Santa Rosa Mountain Region : Places and Their
    BLM LIBRARY NT i < % %% 5* • .. California Desert District > *•*•• •• The Cahuilla and the Santa Rosa Mountain Region: Places and their Native American Association by Lowell John Bean, Sylvia Brakke Vane, and Jackson Young RUSSELL L KALDENBERG - SERIES EDITOR cultural resource publications anthropology - history Cover illustration of pictograph in the Santa Rosa Mountains from a slide taken by Robert Laidlaw. Illustration by Jim Carrol. FOREWARDS This ethnographic overview represents a significant and innovative con- tribution to studies of culture history in the California Desert. The authors have succeeded in synthesizing archival and contemporary materials into a unique ethnographic research document. A number of systems models have explored the interaction between the Native Populations of the Southern California and the physical environment in which their cultures developed. This volume contributes significantly to understanding these human relationships to the land and its resurces in a portion of traditional Cahuilla territory. We offer special thanks to the Native American consultants who in conjunction with the efforts of Dr. Lowell Bean, Sylvia Brakke Vane and Jackson Young, made this report possible. Robert M. Laidlaw Anthropologist Bureau of Land Management, Sacramento, CA I wish to thank all of those who have supported the archaeology program in the California Desert in its efforts to print and disseminate cultural resource data to the general and professional public. Among those are, Gerald Hillier, Bruce Ottenfeld, Bary Freet, Ronald Keller, and Bill Olsen. A special note of thanks goes to Clara Stapp who did the petroglyph drawing from a photograph taken by Robert Laidlaw. I hope that in these days of constrained budgets that the reprinting and dissemination of Cultural Resource Reports will be further accomplished and encouraged by management and staff alike.
    [Show full text]
  • Methods – UFORE Species Selection
    Methods Species Selector Application Tools for assessing and managing Community Forests Written by: David J. Nowak USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station 5 Moon Library, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210 A cooperative initiative between: For more information, please visit http://www.itreetools.org Species Selector Application Species Selector Application Introduction To optimize the environmental benefits of trees, an appropriate list of potential tree species needs to be identified based on the desired environmental effects. To help determine the most appropriate tree species for various urban forest functions, a database of 1,585 tree species (see Appendix A) was developed by the USDA Forest Service in cooperation with Horticopia, Inc (2007). Information from this database can be used to select tree species that provide desired functional benefits. This information, in conjunction with local knowledge on species and site characteristics, can be used to select tree species that increase urban forest benefits, but also provide for long-tree life with minimal maintenance. Purpose of Species Selection Program The purpose of the species selection program is to provide a relative rating of each tree species at maturity for the following tree functions, based on a user’s input of the importance of each function (0-10 scale): • Air pollution removal • Air temperature reduction • Ultraviolet radiation reduction • Carbon storage • Pollen allergenicity • Building energy conservation • Wind reduction • Stream flow reduction This program is designed to aid users in selecting proper species given the tree functions they desire. Methods Tree Information Information about the plant dimensions, and physical leaf characteristics (e.g., leaf size, type, and shape) of 5,380 trees, shrubs, cactus and palms were derived from the Horticopia database (www.horticopia.com).
    [Show full text]