Characterize Southwestern Piñon -Juniper Woodlands
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Disturbances Influence Trait Evolution in Pinus
Master's Thesis Diversify or specialize: Disturbances influence trait evolution in Pinus Supervision by: Prof. Dr. Elena Conti & Dr. Niklaus E. Zimmermann University of Zurich, Institute of Systematic Botany & Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Landscape Dynamics Bianca Saladin October 2013 Front page: Forest of Pinus taeda, northern Florida, 1/2013 Table of content 1 STRONG PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL IN PINE TRAITS 5 1.1 ABSTRACT 5 1.2 INTRODUCTION 5 1.3 MATERIAL AND METHODS 8 1.3.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 8 1.3.2 TRAIT DATA 9 1.3.3 PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL 9 1.4 RESULTS 11 1.4.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 11 1.4.2 PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL 12 1.5 DISCUSSION 14 1.5.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 14 1.5.2 PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL 16 1.6 CONCLUSION 17 1.7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17 1.8 REFERENCES 19 2 THE ROLE OF FIRE IN TRIGGERING DIVERSIFICATION RATES IN PINE SPECIES 21 2.1 ABSTRACT 21 2.2 INTRODUCTION 21 2.3 MATERIAL AND METHODS 24 2.3.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 24 2.3.2 DIVERSIFICATION RATE 24 2.4 RESULTS 25 2.4.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 25 2.4.2 DIVERSIFICATION RATE 25 2.5 DISCUSSION 29 2.5.1 DIVERSIFICATION RATE IN RESPONSE TO FIRE ADAPTATIONS 29 2.5.2 DIVERSIFICATION RATE IN RESPONSE TO DISTURBANCE, STRESS AND PLEIOTROPIC COSTS 30 2.5.3 CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE ANALYSIS PATHWAY 33 2.5.4 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 34 2.6 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 34 2.7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 35 2.8 REFERENCES 36 3 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 39 3.1 S1 - ACCESSION NUMBERS OF GENE SEQUENCES 40 3.2 S2 - TRAIT DATABASE 44 3.3 S3 - SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MAPS 58 3.4 S4 - DISTRIBUTION OF TRAITS OVER PHYLOGENY 81 3.5 S5 - PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL OF 19 BIOCLIM VARIABLES 84 3.6 S6 – COMPLETE LIST OF REFERENCES 85 2 Introduction to the Master's thesis The aim of my master's thesis was to assess trait and niche evolution in pines within a phylogenetic comparative framework. -
Woodlands Author: Kerry Dooley Historically the Primary Interest Area for National Inventories Was Timber
Woodlands Author: Kerry Dooley Historically the primary interest area for national inventories was timber. Consequently, the national inventory framework and collection protocols were focused on productive timber- lands (USDA Forest Service 2005). Over time, information such as estimations of carbon sequestration, wildfire fuel loads, and nontimber forest products and services (e.g., biofuels and wildlife habitat) has become topics of increasing interest. The FIA program—the national inventory used in the United States—broadened the focus of its surveys to include non- timberland forests, including woodlands, better aligning with these changing focus areas. Woodlands generally occur in less productive growing condi- tions, such as the arid Southwestern United States. Woodlands provide much, if not all, of the same services provided by forests; that is, they function as important wildlife habitat, improve water quality, serve as carbon sinks (or sources, in the event of wildfires), and provide fuel during wildfire season. The species that comprise woodlands differ in characteristics from most trees. On average, woodland species tend to be slower growing, smaller in stature, and of a form with more forks and branches near the base of the tree. Woodland species often grow as clumps of stems rather than one central stem. Beyond the characteristics of the trees classified as woodland species, specific parameters pertain to classification of the land use category of woodlands, while the Resources Planning Act (RPA) derives calculations of woodland for this report from the FIA data, the FIA and RPA definitions of woodland differ somewhat, as outlined in the following paragraphs. Forest Inventory and Analysis Definitions and Parameters FIA defines woodlands strictly along the lines of species com- position and associated forest types, and considers woodlands a subset of forest lands. -
North American Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands: Ecological Composition, Dynamics, and Future Trends
North American Pinyon–Juniper Woodlands: Ecological Composition, Dynamics, and Future Trends Esteban Muldavin and F Jack Triepke, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction 1 Types of Pinyon–Juniper Woodlands 3 Detailed Pinyon–Juniper Woodland Descriptions 4 G198 Californian Conifer Forest & Woodland Group 4 G487 Madrean Juniper Open Woodland Group 5 G200 Madrean Pinyon–Juniper Woodland Group 5 G900 Colorado Plateau Pinyon–Juniper Woodland Group 5 G248 Columbia Plateau Western Juniper Open Woodland Group 6 G899 Great Basin Pinyon–Juniper Woodland Group 6 G249 Intermountain Basins Curl-leaf Mountain-mahogany Woodland & Scrub 6 G252 Southern Rocky Mountain Juniper Open Woodland Group 6 G253 Southern Rocky Mountain Pinyon–Juniper Woodland Group 6 Ecological Dynamics in Pinyon–Juniper Woodlands 7 Fire Regimes 7 Insect Pathogens 8 Ecosystem Services and the Changing Land Use of Pinyon–Juniper Woodlands 9 History and Land Use Impacts (e.g., Involving Herbivory, Changes in Fire Regime) 10 Pinyon nuts 10 Livestock use 10 Fuelwood 11 Pinyon–Juniper Woodlands and Climate 12 Tree Mortality and Plant Composition Changes 12 Carbon Storage as an Ecosystem Service 13 Conclusion—Climate and Carbon 13 Future Trends and Conservation 14 References 14 Abstract Pinyon and juniper woodland is a major biome type centered on the Basin and Range and Colorado Plateau physiographic regions of interior western North America. It covers over 40 million ha from western Oregon in the northwest United States, eastward to Wyoming and southward to northern Chihuahua in Mexico, then westward to Baja California. Climatically, these woodlands lie within both the warm and cold temperate zones of North America but at the wetter and cooler portion of the semiarid realm where precipitation seldom exceeds 400 mm. -
California Partners in Flight the USDA Forest Service Klamath Bird Observatory and PRBO Conservation Science
The Coniferous Forest Bird Conservation Plan A Strategy for Protecting and Managing Coniferous Forest Habitats and Associated Birds in California Version 1.1 March 2002 A project of California Partners in Flight The USDA Forest Service Klamath Bird Observatory and PRBO Conservation Science Conservation Plan Lead Authors: John C. Robinson, USDA Forest Service John Alexander, Klamath Bird Observatory Conservation Plan Supporting Authors, PRBO Conservation Science: Sue Abbott Diana Humple Grant Ballard Melissa Pitkin Dan Barton Sandy Scoggin Gregg Elliott Diana Stralberg Sacha Heath Focal Species Account Authors: Black-backed Woodpecker – Kerry Farris Black-throated Gray Warbler – Tina Mark, USDA Forest Service Brown Creeper – Danielle LeFer, San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory Dark-eyed Junco – Jim DeStaebler, PRBO Conservation Science Flammulated Owl – Susan Yasuda, USDA Forest Service Fox Sparrow – Anne King, EDAW, Inc. Golden-crowned Kinglet – John C. Robinson, USDA Forest Service MacGillivray's Warbler – Chris Otahal, USDA Forest Service Olive-sided Flycatcher – Paul Brandy, Endangered Species Recovery Program Pileated Woodpecker – John C. Robinson, USDA Forest Service Red-breasted Nuthatch – Tina Mark and John C. Robinson, USDA Forest Service Vaux's Swift – John Sterling, Jones and Stokes Associates Western Tanager – Cory Davis, USDA Forest Service Financial Contributors: USDA Forest Service Packard Foundation National Fish and Wildlife Foundation PRBO Conservation Science Klamath Bird Observatory Acknowledgements: California Partners in Flight wishes to thank everyone who helped write, promote, and produce this document. Special thanks to Laurie Fenwood, Geoffrey Geupel, Aaron Holmes, Genny Wilson, Ryan Burnett, and Doug Wallace, and to Sophie Webb for her cover illustration. Recommended Citation: CalPIF (California Partners in Flight). 2002. -
Arizona Missing Linkages (US-93: Wickenburg to Santa Maria River Linkage Design)
ARIZONA MISSING LINKAGES US-93: Wickenburg to Santa Maria River Linkage Design Paul Beier, Daniel Majka submitted July 2006 last revised March 14, 2007 US-93: WICKENBURG TO SANTA MARIA RIVER LINKAGE DESIGN Acknowledgments This project would not have been possible without the help of many individuals. We thank Dr. Phil Rosen, Matt Good, Chasa O’Brien, Dr. Jason Marshal, Ted McKinney, and Taylor Edwards for parameterizing models for focal species and suggesting focal species. Catherine Wightman, Fenner Yarborough, Janet Lynn, Mylea Bayless, Andi Rogers, Mikele Painter, Valerie Horncastle, Matthew Johnson, Jeff Gagnon, Erica Nowak, Lee Luedeker, Allen Haden, and Shaula Hedwall helped identify focal species and species experts. Robert Shantz provided photos for many of the species accounts. Shawn Newell, Jeff Jenness, Megan Friggens, and Matt Clark provided helpful advice on analyses and reviewed portions of the results. Funding This project was funded by a grant from Arizona Game and Fish Department to Northern Arizona University. Recommended Citation Beier, P., and D. Majka. 2006. Arizona Missing Linkages: US-93: Wickenburg to Santa Maria River Linkage Design. Report to Arizona Game and Fish Department. School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University. Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................ I LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES...............................................................................................................................II -
(FIA) Annual Inventory Answers the Question: What Is Happening to Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands?
Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Annual Inventory Answers the Question: What Is Happening to Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands? John D. Shaw, Brytten E. Steed, and Larry T. DeBlander Widespread mortality in the pinyon-juniper forest type is associated with several years of drought in Pinus monophylla Torr.&Frem.)—and one the southwestern United States. A complex of drought, insects, and disease is responsible for pinyon or more juniper species (Juniperus spp.); mortality rates approaching 100% in some areas, while other areas have experienced little or no pure stands of pinyon usually are not con- mortality. Implementation of the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) annual inventory in several states sidered a separate type. Pinyon nuts were a coincided with the onset of elevated mortality rates. Adjunct inventories provided supplemental data on staple food for Native Americans of the damaging agents. Preliminary analysis reveals the status and trends of mortality in pinyon-juniper Southwest for thousands of years, and the woodlands. harvest of this valuable resource continues ABSTRACT today (Lanner 1981). There also are many Keywords: forest inventory, FIA, pinyon pines, pinyon-juniper woodlands, drought, mortality, Ips traditional and modern uses for pinyon and confusus, bark beetles, southwestern United States juniper wood. The extensive range and vol- ume of the resource has generated interest in intensive use, such as an energy-producing biomass crop. However, pinyon-juniper he Forest Inventory and Analysis same systematic sample grid as was used for woodland is seen as a weedy invader of pro- (FIA) is a national USDA Forest periodic inventories, but the plots are evenly ductive grasslands by some. -
DNA Sequencing and Taxonomy of Unusual Serrate Juniperus from Mexico: Chloroplast Capture and Incomplete Lineage Sorting in J. Coahuilensis and Allied Taxa
University of Texas Rio Grande Valley ScholarWorks @ UTRGV Health and Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations College of Health Professions 1-19-2017 DNA sequencing and taxonomy of unusual serrate Juniperus from Mexico: Chloroplast capture and incomplete lineage sorting in J. coahuilensis and allied taxa Robert P. Adams Baylor University M. Socorro Gonzalez-Elizondo Martha Gonzalez-Elizondo David Ramirez Noya Andrea E. Schwarzbach The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/hbs_fac Part of the Plant Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Adams, R. P., Gonzalez-Elizondo, M. S., Gonzalez-Elizondo, M., Ramirez Noya, D., & Schwarzbach, A. E. (2017). DNA sequencing and taxonomy of unusual serrate Juniperus from Mexico: Chloroplast capture and incomplete lineage sorting in J. coahuilensis and allied taxa. Phytologia, 99(1), 62–73. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Health Professions at ScholarWorks @ UTRGV. It has been accepted for inclusion in Health and Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UTRGV. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. 62 Phytologia (Jan 19, 2017) 99(1) DNA sequencing and taxonomy of unusual serrate Juniperus from Mexico: Chloroplast capture and incomplete lineage sorting in J. coahuilensis and allied taxa Robert P. Adams Biology Department, Baylor University, Box 97388, Waco, TX 76798, USA, [email protected] M. Socorro Gonzalez-Elizondo, Martha Gonzalez-Elizondo, David Ramirez Noya CIIDIR Unidad Durango, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Sigma 119, Durango, Dgo., 34234 Mexico and Andrea E. Schwarzbach Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas - Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA. -
The Spanish and Mexican Baseline of California Tree and Shrubland Distributions Since the Late 18Th Century
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 33 | Issue 1 Article 4 2015 The pS anish and Mexican Baseline of California Tree and Shrubland Distributions Since the Late 18th Century Richard A. Minnich University of California, Riverside Brett R. Goforth California State University, San Bernardino Richard Minnich Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons, and the Forest Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Minnich, Richard A.; Goforth, Brett R.; and Minnich, Richard (2015) "The pS anish and Mexican Baseline of California Tree and Shrubland Distributions Since the Late 18th Century," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 33: Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol33/iss1/4 Aliso, 33(1), pp. 5–76 ISSN 0065-6275 (print), 2327-2929 (online) THE SPANISH AND MEXICAN BASELINE OF CALIFORNIA TREE AND SHRUBLAND DISTRIBUTIONS SINCE THE LATE 18TH CENTURY RICHARD A. MINNICH1,3 AND BRETT R. GOFORTH2 1Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521; 2Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, California State University, San Bernardino, California 92407 3Corresponding author ([email protected]) ABSTRACT Historical distributions of 31 tree species, chaparral, and coastal sage scrub described by Spanish land explorers in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries (1769–1806) and in land grant disen˜os (1784– 1846) are reconstructed at 634 localities across central and southern California. This baseline predates most formal botanical surveys by nearly a century, allowing for assessment of vegetation change over the broadest time frame for comparison with pre-historical evidences and future distributions. -
Phylogenetic Position of Geosmithia Spp. (Hypocreales) Living in Juniperus Spp
Article Phylogenetic Position of Geosmithia spp. (Hypocreales) Living in Juniperus spp. Forests (Cupressaceae) with Bark Beetles of Phloeosinus spp. (Scolytinae) from the Northeast of Mexico Hernández-García Juan Alfredo 1,2,3 , Cuellar-Rodríguez Gerardo 1 , Aguirre-Ojeda Nallely Guadalupe 1, Villa-Tanaca Lourdes 2 , Hernández-Rodríguez César 2 and Armendáriz-Toledano Francisco 3,* 1 Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Carretera Nacional No. 85, Km. 145, Linares, Nuevo León C.P. 67700, Mexico; [email protected] (H.-G.J.A.); [email protected] (C.-R.G.); [email protected] (A.-O.N.G.) 2 Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 11340, Mexico; [email protected] (V.-T.L.); [email protected] (H.-R.C.) 3 Colección Nacional de Insectos, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cto. Zona Deportiva S/N, Ciudad Universitaria. CDMX, Mexico C.P. 04510, Mexico * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-56-22-92-50 (ext. 47833) Received: 11 September 2020; Accepted: 22 October 2020; Published: 28 October 2020 Abstract: Geosmithia members are mitosporic filamentous fungi commonly recorded and isolated from bark beetles of the Scolytinae subfamily and their respective host’s species. This genus includes 18 species formally described and 38 phylogenetic species recorded in several localities from Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North and South America, where they exhibit frequent associations with phloeophagous and wood-boring bark beetles. Among phloephagous bark beetle species, specifically, in members of the genus Phloeosinus Chapuis, almost 10% of Geosmithia strains have been isolated. -
Arizona Missing Linkages: Patagonia – Santa Rita Linkage Design
ARIZONA MISSING LINKAGES Patagonia – Santa Rita Linkage Design Paul Beier, Emily Garding, Daniel Majka 2008 PATAGONIA – SANTA RITA LINKAGE DESIGN Acknowledgments This project would not have been possible without the help of many individuals. We thank Dr. Phil Rosen, Matt Good, Chasa O’Brien, Dr. Jason Marshal, Ted McKinney, Michael Robinson, Mitch Sternberg, Dr. Robert Harrison, and Taylor Edwards for parameterizing models for focal species and suggesting focal species. Catherine Wightman, Fenner Yarborough, Janet Lynn, Mylea Bayless, Andi Rogers, Mikele Painter, Valerie Horncastle, Matthew Johnson, Jeff Gagnon, Erica Nowak, Lee Luedeker, Allen Haden, Shaula Hedwall, Bill Broyles, Dale Turner, Natasha Kline, Thomas Skinner, David Brown, Jeff Servoss, Janice Pryzbyl, Tim Snow, Lisa Haynes, Don Swann, Trevor Hare, and Martin Lawrence helped identify focal species and species experts. Robert Shantz provided photos for many of the species accounts. Shawn Newell, Jeff Jenness, Megan Friggens, and Matt Clark, and Elissa Ostergaard provided helpful advice on analyses and reviewed portions of the results. Funding This project was funded by a grant from Arizona Game and Fish Department to Northern Arizona University. Recommended Citation Beier, P., E. Garding, and D. Majka. 2008. Arizona Missing Linkages: Patagonia – Santa Rita Linkage Design. Report to Arizona Game and Fish Department. School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University. Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................... -
Mistletoes of North American Conifers
United States Department of Agriculture Mistletoes of North Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station American Conifers General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-98 September 2002 Canadian Forest Service Department of Natural Resources Canada Sanidad Forestal SEMARNAT Mexico Abstract _________________________________________________________ Geils, Brian W.; Cibrián Tovar, Jose; Moody, Benjamin, tech. coords. 2002. Mistletoes of North American Conifers. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS–GTR–98. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 123 p. Mistletoes of the families Loranthaceae and Viscaceae are the most important vascular plant parasites of conifers in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Species of the genera Psittacanthus, Phoradendron, and Arceuthobium cause the greatest economic and ecological impacts. These shrubby, aerial parasites produce either showy or cryptic flowers; they are dispersed by birds or explosive fruits. Mistletoes are obligate parasites, dependent on their host for water, nutrients, and some or most of their carbohydrates. Pathogenic effects on the host include deformation of the infected stem, growth loss, increased susceptibility to other disease agents or insects, and reduced longevity. The presence of mistletoe plants, and the brooms and tree mortality caused by them, have significant ecological and economic effects in heavily infested forest stands and recreation areas. These effects may be either beneficial or detrimental depending on management objectives. Assessment concepts and procedures are available. Biological, chemical, and cultural control methods exist and are being developed to better manage mistletoe populations for resource protection and production. Keywords: leafy mistletoe, true mistletoe, dwarf mistletoe, forest pathology, life history, silviculture, forest management Technical Coordinators_______________________________ Brian W. Geils is a Research Plant Pathologist with the Rocky Mountain Research Station in Flagstaff, AZ. -
Prescott Area Plant List Bulletin #32A
Prescott Area Plant List Bulletin #32A Landscape Trees 9/6/05 Drought Height Width Scientific Name Common Name Comments Tolerance (feet) (feet) Abies concolor White Fir somewhat 60 30 Short lived, some unknown disease problems encountered Acer negundo Box Elder none 50 50 Nice deciduous tree, female trees attract box elder bugs Acer palmatum Japanese Maple none 20 20 Many named varieties with unusual characteristics Acer plantanoides Norway Maple none 50 50 Subject to aphids, may not perform well in wind and alkaline soils Acer rubrum Red Maple none 40 40 Reddish twigs, red fall color Acer saccharinum Silver Maple none 60 60 Large tree, have seen trunk damage that may have been caused by spring freeze Acer saccharum Sugar Maple none 50 50 Source of maple sugar Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven very 40 20 Invasive Species – DO NOT PLANT Albizia julibrissin Mimosa somewhat 30 40 Fluffy pink flowers, flat topped Betula nigra River Birch none 40 25 Darker flaky bark, attractive foliage White bark, attractive foliage, good alternative to aspen because of fewer Betula pendula European White Birch none 30 20 diseases Calocedrus decurrens Incense Cedar somewhat 60 30 Rich green foliage in flat sprays, wood smells like pencils Catalpa speciosa Western Catalpa somewhat 40 40 Large heart-shaped leaves, attractive flowers and bark Cedrus atlantica Atlas Cedar somewhat 50 30 Shorter needles than Deodar Cedar, more erect leader Cedrus deodara Deodar Cedar somewhat 60 40 Droopy leader, softer texture than Atlas Cedar Celtis occidentalis Hackberry somewhat