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Erotism in the History of Japanese Film Art - Anime

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Erotism in the History of Japanese Film Art - Anime Georgios Lazaridis 01.2019 Erotism in the history of Japanese film art - Anime. Table of contents: 1. Abstract 2. Anime - definition of the term. 3. Origins of anime art. 4. Erotism in Japanese arts - shunga and ukiyo-e . 5. Erotism in anime: origins, aspects, kinds. 6. Erotism as romance, a love story. 7. Erotism as pornography - the phenomenon of Hentai. 8. Conclusion and the summary of erotism in anime - ending words. 9. Bibliography and the sources of images. 1.Abstract The below text’s main aim is to present to the reader an analysis of the erotic aspect of Japanese film and animation arts - anime. It contains a brief review of the subject including informations about the film art as itself, as well as the way it represents erotic content on different tiers of explicitly. It will point out the origins and history of anime, the evolution through time and it’s expansion to different forms of media arts and social events. As erotism is deeply rooted in traditional Japanese art forms, the possibilities of the moving image let it expand through the media taking different paths and shapes, often crossing the boundaries of social ethics. !1 2. Anime - the definition , etymology , main features and occurrence. The term anime (アニメ) is used to describe the animation style that was developed in Japan in the late 1910s and through time expanded as an individual art form into the mainstream culture. The etymological origins of the word date back to 1980s pointing out a borrowing from English - animation or French - animé1, absorbed into the Japanese language under the word animēshon and simplified into the final form - anime. After the expansion in time which occurred through the technological progress of humanity, anime have gained a status of art and is perceived as „a complex art form that incorporates various themes, animation styles, messages and a particular part of Japanese culture.”2 It differs from other western animation styles by having it’s particular visual language including exaggerated body proportions, linearity of the images, simplified shapes and highly dynamic motion accompanied by speed lines and shape-shifting typography. It is vividly coloristic and the process of creating anime includes mixed animation techniques such as hand-drawn 2D animation, stop motion-animation but also, (mainly in the younger productions) photography and digital 3D animation or cutout animation. Anime is aimed at a broad range of audiences and consequently, a given sequence may have aspects of a range of genres.3 There are multiple plot and content, defined genres in anime while it tries to fit the broad audience’s requests, taking into consideration the adult- aged audience’s needs for exposing the love plots as well as the reproductive behavior of humans, anime produced a wide branch of genres concentrated around the subject of erotism and sexuality. Anime has a very complex categorization divided by genere, plot and their demographics, as well as who they are forward. Some of these genres are very rich in erotism and the concept of romance in their most acre stadium reaching the status of pornography. In the present days anime seems to have pervaded into the global visual culture broadening it’s influence due to the phenomenon of internet and mass- media and it’s extracts are visible in different fields of life and contemporary art f.e. (fashion, game and toys industries, filmmaking and advertisement industries all over the globe). Below we can find an infographic chart of the history of anime containing the titles, dates, animation studios and descriptions. 1 https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/anime 2 Living/Learning Center Programs, The University of Vermont http://www.uvm.edu/llcenter/programs/0708/anime.pdf 3 "Anime and manga” http://wiki.oni2.net/Anime_and_manga !2 The history of anime began around the end of the second World War, when Japanese animators were hired to make animations for the military. While the west began with its cartoons being produced by the popular animation studio Walt Disney, Japan began to Anime Company Comparison delve into this world of entertainment. It was during the 1950s that animators began to experiment making their own animations with techniques originating from the West. With anime originating from Japan, most of its studios reside within the It was then during the 60s that anime truly began to take its own style from its Western country to which its animations are then distributed to the world. Below roots, creating characters with large eyes, big mouths, and large heads and becoming is a treemap that displays the various Japanese animation studios and The History what is known today as anime. The 70s also brought about the mecha genre along with how many anime series they have produced. its Super Robot sub-genre, beginning with “Tetsujin 28-go” that would set the stage for Robot-themed anime. Moving into the 80s, anime became accepted into the Japanese culture and experienced a boom in production, with this decade being considered the “Golden Age of Anime.” This decade would bring about several famous productions that would have an enormous impact on future animations by introducing many favorite genres like the martial arts genre and sports genre. Within the flm industry, several Number of Anime successful flms were also being produced, with much success appearing from the now Series Produced infamous Studio Ghibli and its director Hayao Miyazaki. Now today, we see Japanese Sunrise Toei Animation of Anime animation now moving from its home country and infuencing entertainment in other 500 countries around the world, especially North America. 400 416 522 1930 300 TMS Cultural Nationalism 200 Madhouse A.P.P.P 1930s Entertainment Cultural nationalism 100 1940s 171 188 208 Japanese government enforces 0 1943 1945 1948 cultural nationalism, leading to a Studio strict censorship and control of J.C.Staf Studio Pierrot Been Train Shochiku makes Japan's Japan Animated published media. Many animators Deen frst real feature length Films studio were urged to produce animations animated flm, Seo's founded. which enforced the Japanese spirit 121 122 129 141 Momotaro's Divine Sea and national afliation. Studio Tatsunoko Warriors (Momotarō: Ghibli Production Bones Production I.G Geijutsu Eigasha Umi no Shinpei). produces Mitsuyo 91 110 111 113 Seo's Momotaro's Gonzo Group TAC Ashi Productions / Shaft Sea Eagles anima- Polygon Pictures Nippon Animation 1960s 55 63 32 65 tion with help 88 from Navy. May 1, 1961 January 1, 1963 October 20, 1963 December 5, 1966 XEBEC 1940 A-1 Pictures Artland ARMS Corp. Studio Hibari 0 100 200 300 400 500 54 Change 45 46 48 49 AIC First anime series TNK/Mushi Daume/ Triangle Staf/ Radix 75 Military-themed Anime Dogakobo Productions Studio Comet Otogi Manga Calen- Tezuka Prod. 26 15 31 18 43 OLM/ der broadcasted. Ordet/ Studio Studio 4°C White Fox Manglobe P.A. Works Studio Fantasia/ Nue Satelight 9 19 20 28 Ufo Table 36 21 51 David Orphee/ Hal Film Maker First magical girl Seven Arcs Studio Gallop/ 1950s Prod. SynergySP 17 25 anime series 13 8 Brain’s Base Gainex Zexcs 1956 1958 Trigger Magic Bus Kyoto Animation First super robot Sally the Witch 6 Imagin 11 16 24 42 50 35 anime series Tetsujin broadcasted. Japan Animated 28-go broadcasted. Films purchased by Astro Boy premieres on Toei Company, Lim- New Year's Day and is the ited and renamed frst popular animated Toei Animation. Japanese television series that embodied the aes- thetic that later became First color anime feature flm Haku- familiar worldwide as jaden (The Tale of the White Ser- anime. pent). Was more Disney in tone with musical numbers and animal 1950 sidekicks. However, it is widely considered to be the frst "anime" ever, in the modern sense. Released in the US in 1961 as Panda and the Disney-Toned Magic Serpent. 1980s October 14, 1981 October 3 1982 1983 October 10, 1983 December 12, 1983 February 21, 1984 American companies First OVA (original Lolita Anime is released begin to utilise Japanese video animation) and is the frst hentei animation studios in Dallas released and (anime with porno- animating tv series like is unsuccessful. graphic context). OVAs The Transformers, G.I. Joe. which brought animes to and The Adventures of Captain Tsubasa home video without the Galaxy Rangers. premieres and premiering on tv allowed Rumiko Takahashi's The Super A Look Through Time Urusei Yatsura becomes the frst for the release of hentei. Dimension of worldwide successful popular comedic Fortress This colorful timeline to the left displays key points that occured during the 1960 manga is adapted sports anime, leading Macross begins the way for future development of Japanese animation. Beginning from the 1930s just before by Mamoru Oshii to air and is into an anime, sports series to be World War II to 2010, each section is divided into diferent colors by decade Anime Series Begins starting point for increasing the created. with its own box that contains specifc times within that time period that Macross anime otaku culture. series. caused an infuence towards anime. Also, within the trunk of the timeline is a title indicating a key point about this specifc decade. March 11, 1984 December 24, 1984 March 2, 1985 March 9, 1985 June 15, 1985 February 26, 1986 Gainex anime studio Megazone 23 After Nausicaa's is founded, after a becomes the frst success, director group of amateur successful OVA. Hayao Miyazaki and producers called longtime colleague Daicon Films gain Isao Takahata set up Dragonball series popularity within the their own studio, premieres on Fuji otaku community for Studio Ghibli, under Television and intro- Nausicaa of the their two anime shorts Mobile Suit Zeta supervision of former duces the martial arts Valley of the Wind created for the Nihon Gundam sequel Animage editor genre and becomes is released and its SF Taikai conventions airs and becomes Toshio Suzuki.
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