Superior Vena Cava Pulmonary Trunk Aorta Parietal Pleura (Cut) Left Lung

Home , Axillary vein, Coronary sulcus, Pericardium, Small cardiac vein, Superior vena cava, Venae cavae

Superior Aorta vena cava Parietal pleura (cut) Pulmonary Left lung trunk Pericardium (cut) Apex of heart Diaphragm

(a)

Heart Right lung

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

Epicardium Myocardium Heart wall Endocardium

Heart chamber

Left pulmonary artery Right pulmonary artery Left atrium

Right atrium Left pulmonary veins

Right pulmonary veins Pulmonary semilunar valve Left atrioventricular valve Fossa ovalis (bicuspid valve) Aortic semilunar valve Right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve) Left ventricle Right ventricle

Chordae tendineae Interventricular septum Inferior vena cava Myocardium

Visceral pericardium (epicardium) (b) Frontal section showing interior chambers and valves

Right ventricle Muscular interventricular septum

Pulmonary Circuit

Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary veins Venae Aorta and cavae branches

Left atrium

Left Right ventricle atrium Heart Right ventricle Systemic Circuit

Capillary beds of all body tissues where gas exchange occurs

KEY:

1 Blood returning 4 Ventricles contract, to the atria puts forcing blood against pressure against AV valve cusps. AV valves; the AV valves are forced open. 5 AV valves close.

2 As the ventricles 6 Chordae tendineae fill, AV valve cusps tighten, preventing hang limply into valve cusps from ventricles. everting into atria.

3 Atria contract, Ventricles forcing additional blood into ventricles.

AV valves open; AV valves closed; atrial pressure atrial pressure greater than less than ventricular pressure ventricular pressure

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 8 (b) Operation of the semilunar valves Pulmonary trunk Aorta 1 As ventricles 2 As ventricles relax contract and and intraventricular intraventricular pressure falls, blood pressure rises, blood flows back from is pushed up against arteries, filling the semilunar valves, cusps of semilunar forcing them open. valves and forcing them to close.

Semilunar valves open Semilunar valves closed

Right pulmonary artery Aortic arch Ligamentum arteriosum Ascending aorta Left pulmonary artery Pulmonary trunk Left pulmonary veins

Right pulmonary Left atrium veins

Right atrium Circumflex artery Right coronary artery in coronary sulcus (right Left coronary artery in atrioventricular groove) coronary sulcus (left atrioventricular groove) Anterior cardiac vein Left ventricle Right ventricle Great cardiac vein Marginal artery Anterior interventricular Small cardiac vein artery (in anterior Inferior vena cava interventricular sulcus) Apex (a) Anterior view of heart showing major vessels © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 Superior vena cava Sinoatrial (SA) node (pacemaker) Left atrium Atrioventricular (AV) node

Right atrium Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His) Bundle branches Purkinje fibers Purkinje fibers Interventricular septum

Left ventricle Right ventricle

1 Atrial diastole 2 Atrial 3 Isovolumetric 4 Ventricular 5 Isovolumetric (ventricular filling) systole contraction systole (ejection relaxation phase)

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 13 Tunica intima Artery • Endothelium Vein • Loose connective tissue Internal elastic lamina Tunica media • Smooth muscle • Elastic fibers External elastic lamina Tunica externa • Collagen fibers Valve

Venule Arteriole Capillary Lumen bed Lumen Basement membrane Endothelial cells

Contracted skeletal muscle

Valve (closed)

Vein

Direction of blood flow

True capillaries

Terminal arteriole Postcapillary venule (a) Sphincters open; blood flows through true capillaries.

Optic chiasma • Anterior communicating Middle cerebral artery artery • Anterior cerebral artery

Internal carotid • Posterior communicating artery artery Mammillary body • Posterior cerebral artery

Temporal lobe Basilar artery Pons Vertebral artery Occipital lobe Cerebellum

(a) Posterior

Hepatic portal vein

First capillary bed Second capillary bed (liver sinusoids) Hepatic vein

Hepatic portal system

Gastric veins Liver Spleen Stomach Hepatic portal vein Splenic vein

Pancreas

Inferior mesenteric vein

Superior mesenteric vein

Small intestine Large intestine

60 Diastolic 40 pressure

Blood pressureBlood (mmHg) 20

Aorta Veins cavae Arteries Venules Arterioles Capillaries Venae © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 21 Arteries of the head and trunk Internal carotid artery External carotid artery Common carotid arteries Vertebral artery Arteries that supply the upper limb Subclavian artery Subclavian artery Brachiocephalic trunk Aortic arch Axillary artery Ascending aorta Coronary artery Thoracic aorta (above diaphragm) Brachial artery Celiac trunk Abdominal aorta Radial artery Superior mesenteric artery Ulnar artery Renal artery Gonadal artery Deep palmar arch

Superficial palmar arch Digital arteries

Arteries that supply the lower limb Inferior mesenteric artery Common iliac artery External iliac artery Femoral artery Popliteal artery Internal iliac artery

Anterior tibial artery Posterior tibial artery

Dorsalis pedis artery

Arcuate artery

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 22 Veins of the head and trunk Dural venous sinuses External jugular vein Vertebral vein Internal jugular vein Veins that drain the upper limb Subclavian vein Right and left Axillary vein brachiocephalic veins Cephalic vein Superior vena cava Brachial vein Great cardiac vein Basilic vein Hepatic veins Splenic vein Hepatic portal vein Renal vein Median cubital vein Superior Ulnar vein mesenteric vein Radial vein Inferior mesenteric vein Digital veins

Veins that drain the lower limb External iliac vein Inferior vena cava Femoral vein Common iliac vein Great saphenous vein Popliteal vein Internal iliac vein Posterior tibial vein Anterior tibial vein Small saphenous vein

Dorsal venous arch Dorsal metatarsal veins