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Unit 6: Federalists and Republicans Part 1 Review Directions Unit 6: Federalists and Republicans Part 1 Review Directions: Use your notes 1st semester notes and your book to help you answer the following review questions from Unit 6, Part 1. 1. What was created at the convention in Philadelphia? The United States Constitution 2. Who was elected as the first President of the United States in 1789? George Washington 3. Who was chosen as the first Vice President? John Adams 4. List the executive departments created by Congress and include the head of each department. Department of State – Thomas Jefferson Department of Treasury – Alexander Hamilton Department of War – Henry Knox Office of the Attorney General – Edmund Randolph 5. What did this group become known as? Cabinet 6. Explain the purpose of the Judiciary Act of 1789. The Judiciary Act of 1789 helped organize the judiciary branch. Act established 13 district courts, 3 courts of appeal, and the Supreme Court. John Jay served as the first chief justice of the United States. 7. In 1791, the Bill of Rights went into effect. It contained 10 rights. The first 8 rights protected the rights of individuals against actions of the federal government. 8. Explain what the 9th and 10th amendments protected. 9th Amendment- people have other rights not listed in the Bill of Rights. 10th Amendment – any powers not specifically given to the federal government are reserved for the states. 9. Who proposed the Tariff of 1789? Explain the Tariff of 1789. James Madison Tariff of 1789 required importers to pay a percentage of the value of their cargo when they landed it in the United States. Shippers also had to pay tonnage – a tax based on how much their ships carried. 10. Why were Southerners upset with the Tariff of 1789? Southern planters were upset with the Tariff of 1789 because high tonnage rates meant they would be charged higher rates to ship their rice and tobacco to Europe. The new duty meant higher prices for the many goods they imported. 11. What are bonds? Bonds – paper notes promising to repay money after a certain length of time with interest. 12. In addition to the Tariff of 1789, what other action did Alexander Hamilton believe needed to be taken by the federal government in order to help generate revenue? Hamilton also believed the government needed the ability to borrow money. He asked Congress to accept the debts of the Continental Congress at their full value. He believed that by accepting these debts at their full value, the wealthy creditors, bankers, and merchants who owned the bonds would have a stake in the federal government’s success and enough confidence in its financial stability to loan it money in the future. 13. Why were some people opposed to Alexander Hamilton’s plan? War veterans sold bonds to speculators (people willing to take a financial risk in hopes of making a future profit) at discounted prices because they didn’t believe the government would pay them back o Some speculators paid $10 for $100 bonds Northerners owned most bonds but tax money from the South would be used to pay them off James Madison feared that creditors would eventually dominate govt. and society 14. What compromise was reached regarding Hamilton’s plan? Compromise of 1790: South supports Hamilton’s plan and in return a southern site along the Potomac River is chosen for the new capital…District of Columbia (later Washington, D.C.) 15. Explain Hamilton’s plan for the national bank. Why did Southerners oppose the plan? Hamilton believed the government needed its own bank to manage its financial affairs and issue paper money. Southerners complained that northern merchants would own most of bank’s stock. Madison argued against the bank because it was not one of Congress’ enumerated powers under the Constitution. 16. In 1791, what direct tax did Congress impose? Hamilton believed the federal government had to establish its right to impose direct taxes on the people. Congress imposed a tax on the manufacture of whiskey 17. Why were western farmers angry with this tax? Explain how they responded and the response of the federal government. Angry western farmers used whiskey as a medium of exchange Rebellion erupted in western Pennsylvania o Tax collectors terrorized o Mail was robbed o Stills of whiskey tax payers destroyed President Washington sent 15,000 troops to crush the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794 Rebels dispersed without a fight 18. Name the nation’s first two political parties. Federalists and Democratic-Republicans 19. Complete the chart below The Federalists The Democratic-Republicans Leader: Alexander Hamilton Leader: Thomas Jefferson Favored: strong national government Favored: strong state governments Ruling power given to: wealthy, educated Ruling power given to: all landowners Gov’t should promote: manufacturing Gov’t should promote: agriculture Interpretation of Constitution: loose Interpretation of Constitution: strict Thoughts on protective tariffs? Needed to Thoughts on protective tariffs? Burden on protect domestic industries farmers 20. Define agrarianism. Philosophy that agriculture and owning land is the backbone of the economy. 21. Why did President Washington declare neutrality for the United States in April 1793? He wanted to avoid war with France and Great Britain 22. Explain why Washington sent John Jay to Britain in 1794. British began seizing all neutral ships carrying goods to French ports. British enticed Native Americans to attack American western settlements. Congress was on the brink of war by 1794 Washington was aware that the young American nation needed to avoid another war at all costs so he sent John Jay to negotiate a peace with Britain. 23. List the items agreed to in Jay’s Treaty. Britain maintained the right to seize cargoes bound for French ports and no compensation was given to American merchants British gave the U.S. “most-favored nation” status… trade between U.S. and Britain would continue without discrimination Many Americans rejected the pro-British treaty and the weakness of the American government Washington signed the treaty to prevent war with Britain and to protect the weak American economy 24. Why was Pickney’s Treaty created? Explain what the treaty included. Spain joined France in war against Britain and wanted to negotiate with the U.S. to prevent a war with America Pinckney’s Treaty Thomas Pinckney of South Carolina sent to negotiate Treaty granted the U.S. the right to navigate the Mississippi River and deposit goods at the port of New Orleans Western farmers were pleased with the treaty 25. How many terms of office did Washington serve as President? 2 26. Why did he decide to retire? Serving 2 terms was long enough for any 1 person to be President 27. List the items Washington warned the American people against in his farewell address. Avoid sectionalism (North vs. South, East vs. West) Avoid partisan politics (political parties) Maintain neutrality with other nations Keep morality and ethics at the heart of government 28. Who were the two nominees for President in 1796? John Adams and Thomas Jefferson 29. Who won the Election of 1796? John Adams 30. Who became the Vice President? Thomas Jefferson .
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