B USI NE SS NAME Pleistocene coalition news

VOLUME 5, ISSUE 4 JULY-AUGUST 2013

Inside - Challenging the tenets of mainstream scientific agendas -

Anthropology, paleontology, biology—many things must be re-assessed PAGE 1 Most well-traveled One thing is certain, three fields of mainstream science have stepped beyond the bounds of normal science by habitually publishing unproven perspectives as though they Pleistocene creature were fact. With this in mind, many fossils, artifacts, and other items will even- Tom Baldwin tually need to be reassessed from a different mindset—an interdisciplinary

mindset which, in general, is not taught in modern academia. PAGE 3 Ice Age animals in Page 3: Ice Age animals in Southwest U.S. rock art, Part 3 (It doesn’t matter SW US rock art, Prt 3 what a thousand experts say if they think as one mind colored by a single idea.) Click to read » Ray Urbaniak

Page 5: Forgotten heroes of archaeology: George McJunkin (Amateurs have PAGE 4 played some of the most important roles in every science from physics and Member News and astronomy to mathematics and geology. Archaeology is no different. Learn other info about how a black cowboy changed the Early American game.) Click to read » Passing of Mauro Page 6: More on interpretation of animal petroglyphs Click to read » Francaviglia; Bischoff and Howard—Younger Page 7: Calico redux: artifacts or geofacts? (Start critical thinking.) Click to read » Dryas; Collecting rigor

Page 10 : Debunking evolutionary propaganda, Part 3 (The whole series is just PAGE 5 the tip of the iceberg.) Click to read » Forgotten heroes Page 13 : Neanderthal-Denisovan-Aboriginal DNA connection (The picture of who of archaeology we are is changing as much now as 150 years ago.) Click to read » Virginia Steen-McIntyre

Page 16: Tales of a fossil collector, Part 1 (Where does one find confidence to PAGE 6 challenge the system? This is one person’s story.) Click to read » More on interpreting animal petroglyphs

Ed Swanzey

PAGE 7 The Pleistocene’s most well-traveled creature Calico redux: arti- facts or geofacts By Tom Baldwin Yet while these megafauna a ‘subduction zone’ formed (a Chris Hardaker were wandering between con- large trench) where the Aus-

I just was reading where tinents modern day dogma- tralian plate butted up against PAGE 10 they sequenced the genes tists in the archaeological the Asian continent and community tell us the most started to slide under it. Even Propaganda in col- of a 700,000-year-old horse. Seems they found it widely traveled of the Pleisto- at the peak of the Ice Ages lege textbooks,Prt3 frozen in some permafrost cene’s creatures failed to when sea levels dropped hun- John Feliks make that crossing. Homo dreds of feet, this trench was in the Yukon Territory of Canada. Prehistoric horses erectus (and/or a few of his so deep and wide that it PAGE 13 really got around. They were contemporaries) managed to stayed full of water. It formed Neanderthal- found from Europe to North leave his bones scattered a channel approximately 20 Denisovan DNA America. A lot of other large from Europe to Indonesia, miles wide that was an obsta- from China to South Africa, cle to life crossing from Asia and Australia animals: saber toothed cats, bison, buffalo, camels, from India to England, from to Australia. Vesna Tenodi wolves, mammoth, masto- Siberia to Spain. The first person to note that don, and the list goes on, PAGE 16 As the continent of Australia fresh water fish as well as managed to wander back and has pushed north over the small land animals found on Tales of a Fossil forth across the Bering Sea last millions of years it has islands to either side of the Collector, Prt 1 land bridge called Beringia. managed to maintain a sepa- barrier were different was an They called both Asia and John Feliks rate ecology. This is because North America home. > Cont. on page 2

VOLUME 5, ISSUE 4 PAGE 2

The Pleistocene’s most well-traveled creature (cont.)

Englishman named Alfred not until a relatively few Vance Haynes, was con- Russell Wallace. Since he thousand years ago when fronted with one beautiful was the first to notice this, the Paleo-Indians did. In black graver, obviously man the dividing line has come to other words, the Wallace made and found about ten be called the Wallace Line in Line (twenty miles of open feet deep in one of the Mas- his honor. sea) couldn’t stop early man ter Pits at Calico. It was too “The ani- but Beringia did. finely made to be a geofact. Only two large creatures He couldn’t admit the artifact mals men- managed to cross the Wal- I find this difficult to under- was what it obviously was tioned lace Line stand and find myself asking and that it was found where and live a big “WHY?” Then I realize it was because that would in the on ei- it isn’t I who has to answer first turn American archaeology ther side that question. It is the Ar- on its ear. Nor could he ac- para- of it. chaeological Powers That Be. cuse a fellow archaeologist of graph The first They are the naysayers. Leakey’s stature of fraud. was Therefore, they are the ones What was he to do, he was above, ele- who have to show us why as trapped. So he came up with phants the Pleistocene’s most well the claim that the artifact well (Fig. 1), traveled creature, didn’t do must have been accidentally as and the what animals by the thou- kicked into the pit. Kicked Fig. 1. About 500,000 years ago, ele- second, sands were doing. into the pit! None are so blind many phants were the first large animals to Homo as those who will not see. oth- cross the Wallace Line and live on either erectus. In fact, there is ample evi- side of the line. They were followed by dence that Homo erectus did Given Homo erectus’ well- ers, Homo erectus. Both cross over. He left his tools were known penchant for travel accom- at the Calico Early Man Site and the fact that Beringia going back plished the feat about a half- in California’s Mojave Desert was a major highway with all and forth million years ago. And we (and at the Caltrans masto- kinds of large animals cross- are not talking some unlucky don kill site also in Califor- ing back and forth regularly between individual washed out to sea nia). He left them at Valse- Alaska and it is logical to assume that on a tree during a flood. quillo in Mexico. He left them Homo erectus did find his Siberia— Sufficient number of Homo other places too. This is as way to the Americas. Those the land erectus crossed to form vi- should be expected. If he who believe otherwise need able groups or tribes. This was here we should find evi- to come up with reasons why bridge be- took both daring and plan- dence of that presence. coming a not. Oh, and those reasons ning. Evidence is now surfac- should be better than arti- veritable ing that Homo erectus also What should not be expected is to hear scientists scream- facts being kicked into pits. megafauna found his way to Crete in the Mediterranean, an even ing “geofact” when pre- super- greater trip by water. sented with artifacts and tools from Calico, stones TOM BALDWIN is an award-winning highway.” author, educator, and amateur It is a safe bet to say that that if found anywhere in archaeologist living in Utah. He Homo erectus—with his hun- Asia, Europe, or Africa would has also worked as a successful ger for new land—was the be quickly embraced as man newspaper columnist. Baldwin most well traveled creature made. Yet they are forced to has been actively involved with of the Pleistocene. Nothing do just that because they the Friends of Calico else found its way into every already believe that early (maintaining the controver- corner of Asia, Africa, and man did not make the cross- sial Early Man Site in Barstow, California) since the early days Europe. ing and therefore could not when famed anthropologist Louis have made the things that The animals mentioned in Leakey was the site's excavation were found at Valsequillo— Director (Calico is the only site in the first paragraph above, as and are still being found in the Western Hemisphere which well as many others, were and around Calico. They was excavated by Leakey). Bald- going back and forth be- must turn a blind eye on win's recent book, The Evening tween Alaska and Siberia— items that nature could form and the Morning, is an entertain- ing fictional story based on the the land bridge becoming a only in a world where mon- true story of Calico. Apart from veritable megafauna super- keys on typewriters produce highway—yet we are led to being one of the core editors of the works of Shakespeare. Pleistocene Coalition News, Bald- believe by archaeological win has published five prior arti- authorities that early man It may be an apocryphal tale, cles focusing on Calico and early stopped and did not make but I’ve heard it told that one man in the Americas. that same crossing, at least of Calico’s greatest critics,

PLEISTOCENE COALITION NEWS

VOLUME 5, ISSUE 4 PAGE 3

Ice Age animals in Southwest U.S. rock art, part 3: A few miscellaneous comparisons

By Ray Urbaniak

Engineer, rock art photographer, researcher and preservationist

Editor’s note: This article is condensed “In the same from a much longer submission. valley with the Continuing from Part 1, Saiga antelope PCN#22, March-April 2013 Fig. 1. Possible mountain goat depictions in U.S. rock art petro- (with the long-horned an- glyph. Left. Mountain goat drawing, 1876, public domain. Right. petroglyph is A Southwest U.S. petroglyph which appears to show a ‘fifth limb’ telope images) and Part 2, what in each of the two side-by-side animal depictions. I suggest that PCN#23, May-June 2013 these actually represent the beards of mountain goats. The gen- ap- (with the camel or ele- eral appearance of mountain goats is that both males and fe- pears phant-like creature, males have beards, short tails, and relatively short horns (as to the pronghorn, and Saiga compared with Roan antelope, see below). This interpretation antelope). seems especially noticeable in the image on the right with the petro- suggested beard directly beneath the horns—which is where it glyph In the same valley with the appears in the living animals. Petroglyph photo, Ray Urbaniak. Saiga antelope petroglyph is of a what appears to the petroglyph horn and the Saiga antelope permission to use the Altai moun- of a mountain goat (Fig. 1). shown in Part 2 is a glyph which image came through after Part tain goat.” may well depict a mammoth 1 was published. Also, on the same highly- (Fig. 2). It is a very old panel RAY URBANIAK is an engineer by patinated panel with prong- where the patina of the pecked education and profession; however, area he is an artist and passionate ama- matches teur archeologist at heart with many the color of years of systematic field research on the sur- Native American rock art, especially rounding as related to archaeoastronomy, patinated equinoxes and solstices in Utah. He rock sur- has noted that standard ar- face. chaeological studies commonly record details of material culture In 2001, I but overlook the sometimes incredi- photo- ble celestial archeological evidence. graphed Fig. 2. Possible mammoth depiction in Southwest U.S. petroglyph panel. Left. Urbaniak has also played a major Drawing of a mammoth. Middle: Possible mammoth depiction in Utah petroglyph. other very old petro- role in documenting and raising [Note from editors: See also Professor Juan Armenta’s Paleolithic mastodon en- concerns for the accelerating vandal- glyphs in graving on a mastodon bone from Valsequillo, Mexico: Tetela 1 scribed bone: Old- ism, destruction and theft of Native SW Utah est American artwork yet?, Virginia Steen-McIntyre, PCN#9, Jan-Feb 2011: 6-7; American rock art. He has brought “Never before in the Western Hemisphere”??? Tetela 1 mastodon, Virginia Steen– which also state representatives to rock art McIntyre, PCN#8, Nov-Dec 2010: 4-5; and Juan Armenta Camacho writes about appear to sites with the hope of at least placing his Valsequillo finds, PCN#15, Jan-Feb 2012: 6-7. Also see Ekkehart Malotki’s Utah depict mam- labels as protected nearby what he mammoths petroglyph in PCN#12, July-August 2011: 20; and Depiction of a mam- moths. calls “sacred art” sites as a deter- moth in the prehistoric rock art of southeastern Utah, PCN#8, Nov-Dec 2010). rent to vandalism. Urbaniak’s book, Right. The same petroglyph showing the glyph of a man which was superimposed Fig. 3 is Anasazi of Southwest Utah: The over the mammoth image at a much later date; it is only visible when sunlight is another Dance of Light and Shadow (2006), directly on the petroglyph. Petroglyph photos, Ray Urbaniak. Southwest is a collection of color photographs U.S. long- of previously unrecorded Anasazi or horned Ancestral Pueblo solstice markers, Roan ante- equinox and cross-quarter mark- lope-type ers in SW Utah including both petroglyph petroglyph and horizon markers as (right) well as the first general guidelines compared for identifying solstice and equinox with a markers. His rock art photographs similar include clear descriptions with Fig. 3. Two additional Central Asian and U.S. petroglyphs resembling the scimitar- petroglyph many photographs being time- horned oryx from Africa are compared with each other (See Part 1, PCN#22, March- sequenced as events occurred from the April, 2013, for several others). Left. Roan Antelope (http://www.northrup.org/photos/ along with compass, angular ori- roan/). Middle: Antelope petroglyph from the high Altai Mountains, Central Asia; high Altai entations, and other information. Mountains crop of photo by Chagat Almashev (FSDA), used with permission. Right: Southwest U.S. antelope petroglyph, photo by Ray Urbaniak. The similarity in portrayal, style, (middle). It is shown Webpage: http:// and mood are remarkable despite the fact that these rock art depictions are sepa- www.naturalfrequency.net/Ray/index.htm rated by over 5,000 miles. Whatever meaning might be involved there is really no here in ambiguity as far as the horns go; they were clearly intended as long and sweeping. Part 3 as E-mail: [email protected]

PLEISTOCENE COALITION NEWS

VOLUME 5, ISSUE 4 PAGE 4

Member news and other info

Denver Museum Valse- ules. Forty pages long (nine 2012) of the Italian Society for quillo early man archives pages of terse text; the rest, General Relativity and Gravitation supporting material including (SIGRAV); he also served as a For those of you who still have several tables, graphs, and illus- member of the Board of the Inter- material you would like to donate trations), four single-space pages national Society for General Rela- “The latest to the Valsequillo early man of references, and 65 referenced tivity and Gravitation (GRG) for archives at the Denver Museum notes. Three of the co-authors, nine years (1986-1995). Associate on the of Nature and Science, I recently Richard B. Firestone, Jim Bischoff, Editor of the Journal of General Younger received the following informa- and George A. Howard, contrib- Relativity and Gravitation since tion from Sam Schiller: uted prior articles to PCN. 1999 and Managing Editor of the Dryas Im- International Journal of Geomet- pact Caper On 7/26/13, Samuel Schiller Obituary: rical Methods in Modern Physics. wrote: Mauro Francaglivia ...The pa- Note from Virginia Steen- “Hi Virginia, We are very sad to report the McIntyre and Jim Harrod per is a death of Professor Mauro Fran- on “figure stones” policy We have been printing hard caviglia, Professor of Mathemat- beautiful copies of the newsletter for the ics at the University Turin, Italy. This is part of trying to raise Archives. ...I see we are behind piece of Professor Francaviglia invited, standards of scientific rigor for on a few issues. I'll go ahead and meticulous presented, and published papers amateur collectors. We can at get those printed out. by Pleistocene Coalition members work.” times be overwhelmed with im- Also, as Kris [Haglund] will be Matt Gatton and John Feliks at the ages, so we have adopted some retiring, I will become the mu- Aplimat conferences in Bratislava, important guidelines from Dr. Slovakia, 2010 and 2011. Profes- seum's Archivist as of August Jim Harrod regarding “figure 1st. Going forward, please feel sor Francaviglia was also a friend stones” at originsnet.org. Keep free to contact me whenever and colleague of Professor Dragos these points in mind when sub- Gheorghiu, National University of “Mauro new issues come out, and I will mitting pictures of finds: gladly add them to the collection. Arts, Bucharest, Romania, who Fran- worked with Francaviglia on many Rule #1 We don't consider sur- Be well, projects and has been featured in face sites if no way to date them. caviglia PCN. From the Internet: Mauro was born in Sam Schiller Francaviglia was born in Torino on Rule #2 We are looking for sites 22 June 1953 and passed away in that have been independently Collections Assistant Torino on Cosenza on 24 June 2013. He judged by a geologist or archae- Bailey Library and Archives sam- 22 June obtained his degree in Mathemat- ologist as potential archaeologi- [email protected] cal sites. 1953 and ics at the University of Torino in 1975 and was a Full Professor at passed Work 303.370.6089 Rule #3 Don't send more than 2001 Colorado Blvd. the University of Torino. He held 10 images, max size 250k. away in Denver, CO 80205 the position since 1980 when he was 27 years old. His scientific Cosenza on Fax 303.370.6492 Rule #4 Don't send only “faces,” www.dmns.org interests covered a wide range of which are easily cases of parei- 24 June topics including the application of dolia (looking at clouds). 2013.” The latest on the Younger Differential Geometry in Mathe- Dryas Impact caper matical Physics, Classical Me- Rule #5 A stone has to have demonstrable working traces on it, From Virginia Steen-McIntyre chanics, General Relativity and Field Theories, Calculus of Varia- verified by geologist, archaeologist Blessings on Chris Hardaker, tions, Symmetries and Conserva- or some sort of methodology. who brought to our attention tion Laws, Quantization and Ther- Further considerations: Artifacts what I predict will be the defini- modynamics. Over 300 lectures need to have some in situ con- “Some im- tive paper on the Younger Dryas held at various Institutions in Italy text or have some kind of adher- portant Impact Event, a topic which was and abroad. He directed several ing surface residue which can be reported in the March-April 2012 national and international research guidelines dated. Document the removal Issue of Pleistocene Coalition projects. Author of over 250 pa- process in some way. Do not from Dr. News by George Howard. pers, three monographs, 11 ency- clean the artifacts. Once solid clopedia long entries, Editor of 19 Jim Har- stone objects are removed from Wittke, J.H. et al (over 25 au- volumes of Proceedings and Direc- the ground and cleaned of sedi- rod’s policy thors), 2013, tor of two CIME Courses. He or- ment any hope of dating them ganized 20 national and interna- regarding Evidence for deposition of no longer exists. Figure stones tional conferences, including sev- 10 million tonnes of impact can be very subjective; one per- “figure eral national conferences in Gen- spherules across four conti- son’s “bird” can be another per- stones” at eral Relativity and the World Con- nents 12,800 years ago son’s “human head.” Because of ference GR14 in Florence (1995). originsnet. this, we limit ourselves at PCN to http://www.pnas.org/content/ Member of the Scientific Council specimens collected from within org.” early/2013/05/17/1301760110 of CNR-GNFM (1980-1996). Co- a sediment layer, preferably founder (1984) and Managing The paper is a beautiful piece of dated by other means, with pho- Editor of Journal of Geometry meticulous work, where they use tos of their removal. Check back and Physics. Life member of the hard data to address criticisms issues of the newsletter from a GRG Society, founder (1990) and and refute alternate hypotheses year or two ago for examples. President (1990-1996 and 2008- for the formation of the spher-

PLEISTOCENE COALITION NEWS

VOLUME 5, ISSUE 4 PAGE 5

Forgotten heroes of archaeology: George McJunkin “Black cowboy” brings Native Americans into the Pleistocene

By Virginia Steen-McIntyre, tephrochronologist (volcanic ash specialist)

A couple of years ago I break wild horses. Then, at The chance to be foreman at mentioned the possibility 17, he signed on as a wran- a new ranch in the Dry Cim- of an occasional gler on a cattle drive to arron Valley brought George column in the Dodge City, Kansas. A few back to the land he PCN newsletter years later he had advanced loved. He had acquired a on archae- to “cowboy” status and fell in variety of books and instru- ology's forgot- with the Robards family who ments along the way— ten heros; the were moving a herd of guitar, violin, telescope—and man or woman horses along the Brazos a collection of rocks and who made the River. Gideon Robards of- minerals to sit next to the initial find that fered McJunkin year-round tattered Bible on a shelf in led to a major work breaking horses. He his bunkhouse room. “While archaeological took the job and moved with riding discovery, only them to the Dry Cimarron A killer flash flood swept the to be pushed Valley of New Mexico, the through the area on August 27, 1908, scouring the local side into the back- “promised land” for ground during McJunkin. Dead Horse arroyo to a depth of the all the professional ex- of over ten feet. While riding arroyo as- citement and forgotten. In the Dry Cimarron George the side of the arroyo assess- sessing the made life-long Mexican ing the damage McJunkin While going through late- friends and was befriended spotted several large bones damage husband Dave's files, I re- by a white couple named projecting from near the base McJunkin cently found an article on just Mingus. He read from the of the arroyo wall. He pulled spotted such a hero, George McJunkin Bible with Mrs. Mingus and one loose with a barb-wire several (Denver Post Empire, February later in Colorado, taught the cutter. It looked like a bison 26, 1996), “The only black Robards boys to ride in ex- bone, only much big- large bones man in Union County ger. Digging out the projecting New Mexico.” When other bones he from near you think of the brought them home the base of world-famous Folsom and displayed them archaeological site, on his mantle. He the arroyo think of him! often spoke of them wall.“ to his friends and George McJunkin neighbors but no one 1851-1922 seemed interested.

According to the Years later George Denver Post article, mentioned the large George (Fig. 1) was bones to a Raton born a slave on the blacksmith, Carl ranch of Jack Schwachheim, after McJunkin near Mid- noting a giant rack way, Texas in April, of elk antlers on 1851. The son of a display at his blacksmith, his father shop. He gave Carl had bought his own exact directions on freedom and was how to find Dead raising money to free Horse arroyo and his his family when on bone pit, then a 30 June 19, 1865, Union Fig. 1. George McJunkin, whose discovery near mile horse-back ride soldiers arrived to tell Folsom, New Mexico, made the science commu- from Raton. Nothing them blacks were nity aware that people were in the Americas at more was done at now free. least three times earlier than previously thought. that time. Apparently always a McJunkin fell ill in learner, George remained on change for lessons in reading 1921, apparently of a kidney the ranch three more years, and writing. “No reading no disease. He died March riding” was his policy. learning Spanish and how to > Cont. on page 6

PLEISTOCENE COALITION NEWS

VOLUME 5, ISSUE 4 PAGE 6

Forgotten heroes of archaeology: George McJunkin (cont.)

“Human oc- 1922. It wasn't until several Museum of Nature and Sci- seen it named Bison an- months later that a group of ence) to make an expedition tiquuis mcjunkini! cupation of amateur archaeologists in- to McJunkin's site.

the New cluding Three summer’s field work World Schwachheim VIRGINIA STEEN-MCINTYRE, PhD, is a produced the proof that Fig- was motored from tephrochronologist (volcanic ash Raton to the gins had long sought for— specialist) involved in preserving pushed site in a Model A the presence of early man in and publishing the Palaeolithic evidence from Valsequillo since back Ford. They the area: stone tools and ice- the late 1960s. She is one of the to ... found George's age bison bones were discov- ered lying next to each other founding members of the Pleisto- bone pit just cene Coalition. Her story first 10,000 in the same clay layer. Human where he said came to public attention in Michael years it would be. occupation of the New World Cremo’s and Richard Thompson’s ago. That was the was pushed back to the end of book, Forbidden Archeology ...7,000 beginning. the ice age 10,000 years ago. (1993), and in the Bill Cote NBC That was 7,000 years earlier television special, Mysterious years It took four than any one had ever Origins of Man, hosted by Charle- earlier years for the thought possible. ton Heston (1996). Apart from being one of the core editors for men on that than Pleistocene Coalition News, Steen- trip to con- McJunkin's bison, an extinct any one had species, has been officially McIntyre keeps up with every vince Jesse Figgins of the topic under the sun especially as named Bison antiquuis fig- ever thought Colorado Museum of Natural related to lesser-known or forgot- possible.” History (now the Denver ginsi. I would rather have ten sites and archaeologists.

More on interpretation of animal petroglyphs

By Ed Swanzey ment, attributes, or the direc- sense of “art for art’s sake,” tion of the subjects of as many people commonly The recent series by Ray Urba- “sentences.” Martineau's con- think of it, was not a part of niak, Ice Age animals in South- clusions were tried in other daily life in these two tribes. west U.S. rock art, Parts 1 & 2, contexts and appeared to For the ‘SKlallam and “Marti- provides some interesting food work. He concluded that the Suquamish nearly all of the for thought about the horned written language evolved—as art which they made (and still neau be- animal figures in American In- did the sign language—so that make) is a part of daily func- lieved dian rock art. However, there is unrelated tribes with mutually tional use to the members of this another interesting interpreta- non-understandable languages that culture. But again, with petro- tion that I would like to mention could have a common ground about 600 U.S. registered even though it certainly could to communicate. (A good tribes and nearly as many glyphic not be applied as a blanket friend, Carol Patterson, and I federally-unrecognized language interpretation to all petroglyphs. spent some time on this sub- tribes, over-arching claims ject. Carol took her PhD in cannot be made for them all. was In a book called, The Rocks archaeology at James Cook based on Begin to Speak, the author, University in Australia, where For anyone interested in Ameri- the late LaVan Martineau, an earlier she studied Australian Aborigi- can rock art in the sense dis- suggested that the animals hand- nal art. She is a well-known cussed here Martineau’s book in American rock art are not interpreter of American rock art is a must read. It is rigorous sign lan- simply representations of with two books on the subject.) reading but extremely valuable. guage.” animals. Martineau suggested ED SWANZEY is an amateur linguist who that the animals represent a As to the “art” part on the speaks several languages and dialects. sort of written language in subject of rock art in general, He has a deep interest in writing sys- which the figures and portions this is a topic that has been tems and is currently working with the Chinese Shang Dynasty characters. He of the figures are like adjec- discussed over and over in has an added interest in pre-Columbian tives in a readable, though anthropology literature and I transoceanic travel. Swanzey is a retired non-oral, language. Martineau will not bore by repeating any freelance editorial photographer and writer, and has worked with three believed this petroglyphic of the diversions here. How- Northwest Coast American Indian tribes, language was based on an ever, I will say that in my own recording cultural recovery efforts. He earlier hand-sign language. documentation work with the assisted the Suquamish tribe in Wash- ington in dig sites, and worked with ‘SKlallam and Suquamish The shape of the animals’ bod- Gus Gustafson on the Mannis Masto- tribes in the State of Wash- don dig. Two major anthropologists ies and horns are proposed by ington that the standard are Swanzey’s cousins, so interest Martineau to describe move- seems to run in the family.

PLEISTOCENE COALITION NEWS

VOLUME 5, ISSUE 4 PAGE 7

Calico redux: Artifacts or geofacts? Original 2009 paper updated and serialized for PCN

By Christopher Hardaker archaeologist, Earth Measure Research

Adapted from Hardaker, C., Master Pit 3, examinations 2009, Calico Redux: Artifacts or Trench 1, and often con- Geofacts? SCA Proceedings 22: several pieces sisted of 1-18; as well as updated infor- collected from sampling mation from Earth Measure Research. Control Pit 1. single boxes Ninety-five of specimens Abstract. On percent of the or one or closer inspection, pieces were more total Calico does not collected dur- excavation appear to be a ing the 1960s unit collec- natural rock and 1970s in tions, with crushing geofac- 3-in. levels results often tory. Nor is it the inside 5-ft.-by- unpublished case that Calico is 5-ft. units. in the form of bereft of definite notes and The classifica- The author, right, at Valsequillo, Mexico and repetitive ar- comments tion system with Dr. Sam VanLandingham and Dr. tifact types. Most logged into Virginia Steen-McIntyre 2001. tool types are either was established catalogue unifacial (including in the 1960s binders. In notched specimens) or bifa- and 1970s with addition, a “The ex- cial in nature, hundreds of very few subse- number of quent changes. aminations them, and delicately notched filled binders perforators (reamers, grav- Occasionally of comments took place ers). There are dozens of assisted by by profes- in the An- artifact types and subtypes avocational sionals date thropology represented, and there are archaeologist directly to and longtime Laboratory thousands of flakes and tool the 1970 types without cortex and member of the Calico inter- at the San with multiple flake scars. Friends of Cal- national con- Bernardino After a review of the contro- ico, Chris Ved- ference. Sev- County Mu- versy, tabulated data are borg, the ex- eral signifi- aminations seum presented. cant publica- took place in tions, pro This article reports on my (SBCM) the Anthropol- Fig. 1. Samples from the Calico and con, will findings from an examination Lithics Photographic Project where all ogy Laboratory be discussed of over 70,000 fractured which includes thousands of at the San Ber- in part 3 of specimens subsurface lithic specimens artifacts. Such pieces would be nardino County this series. are from SBCM 1500A—the Cal- instantly recognized and ac- Museum cepted as artifacts if they were ico Early Man Site—located stored.” (SBCM) where found in Europe as opposed to These results just east of Barstow, Califor- all specimens Calico in the Americas. Work of are prelimi- nia (Fig. 1). The fractured are stored. The Christopher Hardaker. nary. Each materials are chert, chalced- classified con- specimen ony, agate, jasper, and other tents of MP1 and MP2 are received only a quick and siliceous varieties from me- contained in roughly 60 stan- cursory inspection. The pri- dium to high quality. The dard museum boxes. About mary mission of this first specimens were collected 30 other boxes of specimens stage of analysis is to record during excavations from from other associated exca- specimen attributes on a Master Pit 1 (MP1), Master vations remain to be exam- spreadsheet for the purpose Pit 2 (MP2), with a small ined and classified. of developing an inventory of fraction from other associ- Over the past three decades, ated excavations, including > Cont. on page 8

PLEISTOCENE COALITION NEWS

VOLUME 5, ISSUE 4 PAGE 8

Calico redux: Artifacts or geofacts? (cont.)

the collection that is easily provide a consistent, or at Very few subsurface speci- accessible. A more thorough least orderly, foundation for mens exhibit multiple gen- “A rock examination of the lithic other analysts studying the erations of flake scars; also, does not specimens will proceed once collection in the future. very few were weathered or the inventory is complete. patinated, suggesting mini- conchoi- My approach to examining mal surface residency times. dally frac- Each specimen is given a the collection initially fo- In general, edges were in ture all by serial number (Fig. 2) ex- cused on the concept of frac- fairly good shape, and some cept for collections of multi- ture densities and that all were still sharp. itself. ple flake fragments and clus- specimens with hard (conchoidal) An abiding issue is whether fracture sig- the fracture densities are natures were homogenous throughout the “suspects,” entire subsurface of the fan- be they arti- glomerate complex. As geo- facts or geo- facts, it is reasonable to ex- facts. Laws of pect that if natural agencies fracture me- capable of fracturing sili- chanics dic- ceous rocks are represented tate that in the Master Pit (MP) zone, something then the same agencies had to con- should have been operative choidally in the fanglomerate deposits fracture the beyond these excavations. rocks. In other words, the same fracture densities at the MPs Discerning should exist throughout the chemical fanglomerate in general. splitting or Whatever natural agencies thermal frac- were involved in breaking tures from the rocks at the MPs, it is conchoidal reasonable to expect that (hard) frac- they would also be in play in tures is fairly other areas of the deposit. easy given Fig. 2. A sample of how the Calico artifacts were photographed and cata- my back- Preliminary assessments logued. This one is a blade identical to comparable artifacts found in Europe. ground suggest, however, that the Work of Christopher Hardaker. rooted in fracture densities in the Mas- flintknapping, ter Pit zone are perhaps including thermal experi- hundreds of times greater .. Many of ters (e.g. concentrations of multiple flake fragments, or mentation with various sili- than in the sediments exca- the speci- debitage) that routinely ceous materials. vated in the test and control mens ex- turned up in the 3-in. levels. units located within the fan- The collection is largely com- glomerate beyond this zone. hibit multi- In many instances, the ma- posed of pieces with con- terials had been presorted No natural agency—other ple flake choidal features, exceptions than perhaps some kind of by unit into specific artifact being the crushed surfaces scars indi- types. Many of these earlier small diameter explosion— of anvil- and hammerstone- can account for or explain cating that designations held up, but types. The vast bulk of the multiple others were interpreted dif- this super-local increase in collection (70 percent or fracture densities. fracture ferently when the need more) consists of debitage, arose. events oc- flakes, and tools with little or Another feature related to no cortex. site deposition is that the curred One of the advantages of running all specimens by a fanglomerates of the Yermo around the A rock does not conchoidally Formation in the MPs are single set of eyes is that it fracture all by itself. It needs same time promotes consistency and virtually parallel with a slope help. Further, many of the of about one degree. on a given continuity throughout the specimens exhibit multiple piece.” collection’s classification, flake scars indicating that It is fortunate that any and and this applies to correct as multiple fracture events oc- all issues and data enter- well as incorrect attribute curred around the same time assignments. It will hopefully on a given piece. > Cont. on page 9

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Calico redux: Artifacts or geofacts? (cont.)

tained in this article can be basal mudflow and overlying, to final deposition and bur- physically tested, checked, crudely intercalated debris ial? Are both true to a de- “No and rechecked. There is still flows and fanglomerates; gree? If so, how can we tell plenty of site area left for and overlying, reworked fan the difference? These issues natural excavation and testing of a deposits, primarily arkosic will be dealt with in response agency— multitude of issues. Archae- sand, with a strongly devel- to a series of papers sup- other ology as forensics is coming oped relict paleosol at the porting the geofact hypothe- of age, and Calico surface (Shlemon and Bud- ses, followed by a couple represents an ulti- inger 1990). papers supporting the arti- mate challenge. fact hypothesis in upcoming The mudflow and fanglomer- PCN issues. THE GEOLOGICAL ate consist of lenticular, CONTEXT OF THE poorly stratified layers of CALICO SUBSUR- sands and angular gravel. References cited FACE There are no buried paleo- Baty, RM, and P Seff. 1994. The sols or significant unconfor- Geoarchaeological Reconnais- The alluvial fan mities. Deposition probably complex of the Cal- sance of the Early Man Environ- occurred within one climatic ments on the Yermo Fan, Calico ico Hills is made up Fig. 3. Calico Master Pit 1 started by cycle of perhaps a few tens Hills. Archaeological Survey As- Dr. Louis Leakey outside Barstow of sediments laid of thousands of years. sociation of Southern California California in 1963 with funding from down in possibly a Bulletin 19(1):cover, 8-9. the National Geographic Society. dozen depositional The upper, reworked arkosic Photo: D. Griffin; Calicodig.org. events (Baty and sand unit (about 1.5-m thick Bischoff, JL, RJ Shlemon, TL Ku, RD Simpson, RJ Rosenbauer, and Seff 1994; Shlemon at Master Pit I) contains FE Budinger, Jr. 1981. Uranium- than per- and Budinger 1990). The highly weathered tuff frag- series and Soils-geomorphic alluvial fan was cut off from ments. Based on its lithology, haps Dating of the Calico Archaeologi- its source possibly tens of distinctive red color, and cal Site, California. Geology 9 some thousands of years ago and other weathering characteris- (12):576-82. kind of began to erode over the mil- tics, the sand was probably Shlemon, RJ, and FE Budinger, small di- lennia. In turn, it has become derived from nearby, previ- Jr. 1990. The Archaeological the source of smaller alluvial ously weathered fan- Geology of the Calico Site, Mo- ameter fans jutting out from its pe- deposits. The overall strati- jave Desert, California. In Ar- explo- rimeter. The specimens were graphic section provides evi- chaeological Geology of North sion— captured within the alluvial dence that deposition oc- America, edited by NP Laska and matrix during the period that curred in response to gradual J Donahue, pp. 301-13. Decade can ac- of North American Geology Se- the Yermo Formation was changes from semiarid to count for ries, Centennial Special Vol. 4, building. To date there is no arid climatic conditions. Geological Society of America, or ex- evidence that the specimens Boulder, Colorado. plain this were redeposited within sec- There is no evidence for de- ondary depositional insets. positional insets or cut-and- super- fill episodes observed in the local in- Uranium Series dates of Master Pits (e.g., Fig. 3) that CHRIS HARDAKER is an archaeologist crease in 200,000 years were obtained could theoretically account working in California and is one of fracture from the base of the formation for the redeposition of the the founding members of the in the early 1980s (Bischoff et specimens. The sedimentary Pleistocene Coalition. He reviewed densi- al. 1981). Thermolumines- matrix is well lithified and and catalogued the data from the ties.” cence dates suggest a mini- unattractive to reworking by massive artifact collection of mum antiquity of 135,000 local rodentia as well as to Calico. Hardaker is also author of the book, The First American: The years (Debenham 1999). human trowelbearers who suppressed story of the people must learn the way of the who discovered the New World. From the Calico Early Man Site hammer and chisel. (EMS) website, Fred Budinger For more information on the (2005) provides a summary of A main question is, where story of Calico and Chris Har- what is currently known of the did the fractured specimens daker’s cataloguing of all the Yermo Formation: come from? Were they rede- artifacts visit: posited from elevationally http://calico.earthmeasure.com/ Calico Site Stratigraphy and/or stratigraphically and The artifact-yielding Yermo higher exposures of the fan Formation overlies the Bar- complex, which presumably http:// stow Formation, and consists were nearer the source out- calicochop- of two depositional units: a crops? Or were the speci- pers.earthmeasure.com/ mens fractured in situ prior

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Debunking evolutionary propaganda, Part 3: Fictions taught as fact in college textbooks, 2nd half

A lifelong reader of textbooks in every field exposes “thousands” of examples of false statements of fact and other propaganda techniques easily spotted in anthropology, biology, and paleontology textbooks

By John Feliks

“A clear line When I was a boy in 1960s This whole nothing. Regard- of fossils now Michigan there were several notion of logical ing the censorship things I wanted to be when or critical of Fossils, archae- traces the I grew up. They included, thinking led me ologist Paul Bahn transition be- paleontologist (see Tales of a to the school wrote me that tween whales Fossil Collector in this issue); library and a Current Anthro- and hoofed marine book on logic. pology published biolo- That is when “a lot of rubbish” mammals… gist; (unrelated to while blocking reptiles and astro- any classes) I good papers. mammals… naut; first learned Fig. 2. The Earth Through Time, Anthropologist dinosaurs artist/ about logical 7th Ed. (2003) is “historical” Randy White ex- musi- fallacies, over- geology, i.e. not objective pressed identical and birds… cian; generalization, geology but that absorbed by sentiment regard- apes and and circular rea- evolutionism. Every edition is ing the censorship detec- soning, black packed with false statements or as did many other humans.” speculations rendered as fact. tive or & white think- Like Historical Geology, this leading authori- –Biology, 6th Edition, attor- ing, etc., all of book is beautifully produced. It ties. Censorship Raven et al, 2002: 455. ney. which are gen- is only its evolutionism that makes deception “A clear line of erally consid- makes it a work of propaganda. possible by re- As far ered bad sci- moving the fossils”? Fraudu- Fig. 1. Biology, 10th Ed., as the Raven et al, 2013. Like all ence. It was many years later I means to assess evidence lent statements desire similar textbooks this series discovered that these are traits objectively. False statements like this, ubiqui- to be an tous in evolution- is packed with fraudulent of evolutionary fanaticism. The then become unrecognizable statements presented as fact. attorney logic book also brought me to even to textbook writers; and based college goes, it textbooks (e.g., Plato and eventually reading very few will even bother in- was inspired by the television many of his dialogues, learning vestigating evidence for them- Figs. 1-7), will be program, Perry Mason— the downfall of perspective, Theory of Forms, selves. This is how textbooks excellent television giving a and a general sense of putting enable fanatics to control the science if the com- sense of critical thinking until munity does not actual effort into thinking. public mind. They are going to the show ended in 1966. But need dozens of attorneys de- distance itself from right on the heels of Perry So, that is where my ideal- the blatant use of fending them once the scope Mason (and no less, the ized expectations of science of this deception cracks open. fraud to manipu- thought-provoking series, came from. However, as late people’s be- The Outer Limits), just a few most readers already know, Continuing from Part 2... liefs. Anthropol- months later began the after experiencing censor- ogy, biology, and baby-boomer life-changing ship of empirical evidence 18.) “Most fossil intermedi- paleontology have phenomenon of Star Trek. starting with a paper called ates in vertebrate evolution become a conglom- The Impact of Fossils on the have indeed been found.” erate easily provable One typically hears how Star Development of Visual Repre- -Biology, 6th Ed. Raven et al. to employ fraud in Trek influenced modern tech- sentation (again, see Tales of 2002: 455. the captive audience nology. That’s obvious. How- a Fossil Collector), and later, science classroom. ever, I would like to say that This is an outright fraudulent state- The Graphics of Bilzingsle- ment that is not even close to being Except that they’re one of Star Trek’s biggest ben, awareness of publication being paid, I would influences on me as a 12-year true as the following quotes will attest. control by evolution fanatics The same is the case for invertebrates not want to be the old was Science Officer Spock’s began to emerge; and trust with literally zillions upon zillions AAAS or an attor- constant referral to logical in peer review as ‘science’ upon zillions of fossils (you have to ney representing thinking. Of course, I also appropriately dissolved to mainstream sci- admired Captain Kirk et al. > Cont. on page 11 ence at this point.

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Fictions taught as fact in college textbooks (cont.)

get out into the field to know this) mammals… reptiles and 23.) “Humans arose from none of which show any “clear line.” mammals… dinosaurs and australopithecine ancestors. In other words, the statement proves birds… apes and humans.” Many experts believe that that the authors of a leading biology the recently discovered “Censorship textbook either have no idea what –Biology, 6th Edition, Raven et al, Australopithecus garhi or makes decep- they’re talking about when it comes 2002: 455. to the fossil a similar species gave tion record or are Despite the boldness with which the rise to the genus Homo.” possi- participants in Biology textbook makes the above fraud. Still, it is false state- -Life: The Science of ble by presented to ment it regu- Biology, 6th Ed. (Vol. remov- trusting stu- larly contra- II: Evolution, Diversity, and Ecology; Purves et ing the dents as fact. dicts itself as One way decep- do all such al., 2001): 597. means tions like this textbooks. To Evolutionary double- assess the to as- thrive is that speak. Here the fiction value of the each field in the is first presented as fact sess statement template-thinking followed by a direct conglomerate— consider the evi- admission it is “belief.” following biology- Students find no dis- dence concessions paleontology- crepancy between a from another objec- anthropology— statement of fact and textbook. It tively.” keeps duping the the same statement other while indi- should be reiterated as a belief. Fig. 3. The Earth Through Time, viduals in each obvious that 10th Ed. (2013). Being group have no there is gen- Fig. 5. Life: The Science of Biol- 24.) “One can draw “historical geology” (i.e. Darwin- grasp of the issues eral knowl- ogy (Vol. II). Every edition loaded the hominid family ism rather than objective geol- from outside the edge in biol- with false statements of fact. tree in two very ogy), every edition, like all text- conglomerate. Put ogy, paleon- books in the genre, is filled to the the experts on the tology, and different ways, brim with fictions taught as fact. stand and they anthropology that they are making either lumping variants won’t repeat this false claims. Admission that what together or splitting them statement without qualification, as they are saying is not true is at into separate species.” the heart of textbook deception: “Paleoanthro- only an easily-duped judge such as Judge Jones could buy it (I have -Biology, 6th Ed. Raven et al. pologists … read the Kitzmiller v. Dover tran- 21.) “Although some may 2002: 477. make script—it is packed find it frustrating, human A few pages earlier the authors with trickery). No evolution is just like that edu- state as fact that there is a “clear one who knows of other groups in that we line of fossils” between cated fossils, strata , or have fol- apes and humans (p. guesses capabilities of time lowed an 455). If there is a clear would support the about uncertain line of fossils then why statement on the which all the interpretation? stand. If they did evolution- Here the authors admit fossil it would enable a ary path.” that they don’t even species single on-the-ball -Historical know if various hominid opposing attorney repre- Geology, 5th fossils are different to crack wide open Ed, Wicander et species. This isn’t ex- sent the entire mindset al., 2007: 398. actly unimportant when ances- in one fell swoop. it comes to the idea of tors Frustrating is 19.) “The evolution. The quandary that live clearly not fossil record applies to all fossils. at the the right provides a word. His- 25.) “The fossil branch Fig. 4. Evolutionary Analysis, upcoming 5th Edition, Freeman clear record torical Geol- database for points et al, 2013. Don’t expect any of the major ogy presents Fig. 6. Biology, 7th Ed., 2004. hominids is frus- evolution as of the surprises. Prediction: the reader evolutionary Different cover, same falsities. tratingly sparse.” a fact; yet in clado- should find as much fiction transitions fanatically stated as fact as in moments of lucidity, like this one, 26.) “Paleoanthropologists gram…” that have they come right out and admit prior editions using rhetorical occurred …make educated guesses intimidation a.k.a. Richard that there is nothing clear about - through about which fossil species Dawkins style. the claims at all. They emphasize Evolution- time.” this point a few pages further in: represent ancestors that ary Analy- live at the branch points sis, Freeman and -Biology, 6th Ed. Raven et al. 22.) “There is no clear consen- of the cladogram…” Herron, 1998: 541-2. 2002: 441 sus on the evolutionary his- tory of the hominid lineage.” -Evolutionary Analysis, Freeman and 20.) “A clear line of fossils Herron, 1998: 538, 541-2. now traces the transition -Historical Geology, 5th Ed, Wi- between whales and hoofed cander et al., 2007: 402. > Cont. on page 12

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Fictions taught as fact in college textbooks (cont.)

27.) “Early in its evolu- 31.) “These fossil footprints... produces graduates without sci- tionary history, the pri- are not human. … They entific objectivity but with an mate lineage split into record… Australopithecus, agenda attached (See Part 2). “Although two main branches. …Too the group from which our If human evolution is the part few fossil primates have genus, Homo, evolved. … some may of the evolution story the au- been discovered to reveal Human evolution is the part thors of Biology claim we “know find it with certainty their evolu- of the evolution story … the most” then the few quotes frustrat- tionary relationships.” which we know the most.” provided in this installment ing, hu- -Life: The Science of Biology, 6th Ed. -Biology, 6th Ed. Raven et al. should show that the whole man evo- (Vol. II: Evolution, Diversity, and 2002: 477. paradigm is in trouble. It is Ecology; Purves et al., 2001): 595. no wonder that students who lution is This ongoing myth of australo- graduate with degrees in the As above, this is typical evolution- pithecine posture being confirmed evolution conglomerate come ary doublespeak; the first sentence by the Laetoli footprints is false. is stated as fact while the following There is no association between out reliant on techniques of sentence (in the referred figure) the two. The myth was started propaganda (Part 1) as a shows it was a false statement. by Donald Johanson (discoverer defense for their training. As of Lucy) who commandeered the shown, neither students nor 28.) “Any single evolu- footprints from their discoverer, textbook writers are able to tionary scheme of homi- Mary Leakey. Leakey was about distinguish facts from fiction to introduce them as the oldest nid evolution presented when it comes to evolution. here would be premature.” “human” footprints (D. Ellis, The Leakey Family: Leaders in the Students are trained not to look -Historical Geology, 5th Ed, Wi- into the evidence—or lack—for Fig. 7. Historical Search for Human Origins, 1978: cander et al., 2007: 404. Geology (2007- 100). Leakey should not have themselves. For them, the only 2012), a required accepted Johanson’s takeover of option is to believe that some- So the authors say, and in this the Laetoli footprints. Instead, textbook, makes form, it almost sounds scientific. where out there paleontologists unapologetic use of she simply responded with her have all this overwhelming However, a few pages further the deep regret that “the Laetoli fellow rhetorical tricks and textbook proceeds to tell students fossil evidence they keep hear- so many false is now doomed to be called Austra- exactly how humans evolved as if lopithecus afarensis.” ing about. So, in the final turn, statements in it had never said otherwise: what we are actually talking every edition that it 32.) “Make no mistake about is faith. Faith is a part of could be used as a 29.) “The oldest known about it. They are like all science and is fine except teaching guide for hominid is Sahelanthropus. modern human footprints.” when promoting a myth of ori- propaganda tech- ...It was followed by Or- nique. The book is gins as fact while withholding rorin...then...Ardipithecus. … –Tim White, excavator of the Laetoli beautifully- relevant evidence that does Recent discoveries indi- footprints; Lucy: The Beginnings of presented with not support the myth. That cate Ardipithecus evolved Humankind, by Donald Johanson many truthful circumstance is not science. facts; but that is into Australopithecus. 33.) “Because of the recent part of how propa- ...The human lineage be- controversy concerning the ganda works. gan...with the evolution teaching of evolution in the of Homo habilis. ...Homo JOHN FELIKS has specialized in the public schools... how would study of early human cognition for just like erectus evolved from Homo you go about convincing nearly twenty years demonstrating that of habilis. ...Homo sapiens the school board that hu- beyond any reasonable doubt that evolved from H. erectus.” mans have indeed evolved human cognition does not evolve. His other work and empirical geometric evi- groups in -Historical Geology, 5th Ed, Wi- from earlier hominids?” dence have been censored by the cander et al., 2007: 410. evolution community. Earlier, his -Historical Geology, 5th Ed, Wi- that we focus was on the fossil record study- cander et al., 2007: 404. have fol- The human evolution mythology ing fossils in the field across the U.S. presented as a fact. The authors and parts of Canada as well as study- This is clearly not a normal science lowed an even misuse a trusted scientific ing many of the classic texts question. Modern academia tries word, “indicate.” “Indicate” ex- (Treatise on North American Fos- uncertain to convince students of evolution presses a certainty. There is no more sils, Index Fossils of North America, any way it can. In this particular evolution- certainty that Ardipithecus evolved etc.). He wrote the article, Ardi: How instance the captive audience into Australopithecus than that bono- to Create a Science Myth, and claims ary path.” science classroom is used to ask a that all pre-human hominids or simi- bos evolved into Australopithecus. “leading question” of students on lar claims for transitional invertebrate -Historical Geol- an obviously debatable subject. fossils are equally as easy to debunk ogy, 5th Ed, 30.) “The footprints [the 3.6 It shows the type of thinking because when the paradigm is flawed Wicander et al., million-year old Laetoli, Tanzania, skills students are given as they it is not difficult to debunk everything 2007: 398. human footprints] confirm skele- go through academic training and it contains. Feliks encourages stu- tal evidence that the species are sent out into the world. It is dents going through standard sci- [Australopithecus afarensis] had not a question for critical thinking. ence training to openly question the ideology being forced upon them as a fully erect posture.” It is one for simple memorization fact in the captive audience science as noted in the Prologue quotes of -The Earth Through Time, 7th classroom with full confidence that Part 1. It also shows part of how evidence is there to support them. Ed., HL Levin, 2003: 552. higher institutional education

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Neanderthal-Denisovan-Aboriginal DNA

connection

By Vesna Tenodi MA, archaeology; artist and writer

With their research re- pean people of non-African first complete genome se- sults between 2010 and descent is Neanderthal. quence of an Aboriginal Aus- 2013, the Max Planck In- tralian, and provided clues “MtDNA stitute for Evolutionary Replacement and Assimi- about the timing of human and ge- Anthropol- lation models are out—the migrations (Nature 477, nome se- ogy, in Hybridization model is in September 2011). quencing Leipzig, Pääbo’s team upset the pri- Over the last three years, showed Germany, macy of the Replacement that inter- upended Australian scientists have model even further with the tried to obstruct the re- breeding of the firmly study results announced in the ances- estab- search, claiming it does not March 2013, showing that comply with “ethical stan- tors of hu- lished Aboriginal Australians, as manity pro- theories of dards,” “social responsibility” well as other Oceanic and “cultural sensitivity.” duced the Homo groups, share 1% to 6% of genetic sapiens They also quoted other simi- their genome with lar imperatives as expressed diversity origins. Denisovans, while people of and migra- Out-of- in the Newspeak jargon, Eurasian and African descent established by the Australian tory Africa, do not. routes, a with both Archaeological Association in notion the Replacement model These results were con- the early 1980s. There were which was as well as the Assimila- firmed through parallel stud- demands for international in the past tion model were out the ies conducted at the Harvard scientists to obtain entertained window. Medical School in Boston, “permission” from present- only by the University of Copenha- day Aboriginal tribes, and to visionaries The one-point-of-origin para- gen in Denmark, and the give them full control over in archaeo- digm was overnight, so to University of Tartu in Esto- research, duplicating prac- logical cir- speak, replaced with multire- nia. Also, the research had tice enforced in Australia. cles.” gional evolution and co- shown that Aboriginal sam- existence of different races— European scientists were ples can trace as much as stunned at those demands. from the archaic ones to 11% of their genomes to modern humans—occupying They saw nothing unethical migratory groups which in conducting a research the same regions. Further- reached Australia from India more, mtDNA and genome study which complies with around 4,000 years ago the main, guiding ethical sequencing showed that in- (Proceedings of the National terbreeding of the ancestors principle of science—to learn Academy of Sciences, Janu- the truth. of humanity produced the ary 2013). genetic diversity and migra- While some international tory routes, a notion which How it all started scientists tried to please the was in the past entertained In the early 1920s, British Australian objectors, others only by visionaries in ar- ethnologist Alfred Cort Had- were suspicious of the mo- chaeological circles. don acquired a tuft of human tives behind those demands. Humans and Neanderthals hair from a young Aboriginal Some refused to get drawn interbred. Dr. Svante Pääbo man. He added it to his size- into something they were and his team at the Max able collection of hair from fully aware might cause Planck Institute determined people living around the them years, or even dec- that a full 1% to 4% of the world. Ninety years later, ades, of obstruction and genome of Asian and Euro- those locks have yielded the > Cont. on page 14

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Neanderthal-Denisovan-Aboriginal DNA (cont.)

delays, and ultimately com- genetic mixing, or gene flow, International Scientific Jour- promise their results by giv- between the Indian and nal, March 2013; Discovery ing an outside group the northern Australian Aborigi- News, March 2013). right to decide which find- nal populations—taking place ings should be released and around 141 generations ago. These increasingly complex which should be suppressed. This gene flow could not DNA-sharing results suggest therefore have occurred dur- interbreeding of various A Danish bioethical review ing the initial wave of migra- archaic groups with ana- board did not believe it was tion into Australia. A few tomically modern humans, necessary to review their smaller studies of mitochon- with different points of ori- “Over the project because it viewed drial DNA and the Y chromo- gin and migratory routes. It last few the hair as an archaeological some have also hinted at can be concluded that in our decades, specimen and not as a bio- recent gene flow between deep past, archaic humans logical one. It was an ele- India and Australia. lived alongside modern hu- they have gant way of cutting the Gor- mans in a number of re- been suc- dian knot of irrational de- The genetic mingling coin- gions, and interbred to pro- cessful in mands. cided with the arrival in Aus- duce variants, or hybrids, of destroying tralia of microliths—small both species. The Max Planck team also stone tools that formed the politically upended the misconceived tips of weapons—and the Following the money— inconven- but politically enforced the- first appearance in the fossil unethical practices of ory about the origins of Aus- hiding the truth ient ar- record of the dingo, which tralian Aborigines. Their re- most closely resembles In- chaeological search showed that the ge- The current genetic research dian dogs. All of these results and evolutionary finds, and nome of the Australian Abo- changes may be related to rigines contains contribution studies are very upsetting managed to the same migration from for the Aboriginal commu- from Denisovans and Indi- India about 4,000 years ago prevent ans, and none from Africans. nity and the dogmatic ar- wide dis- (Nature, January 2013). chaeological circles in Aus- semination A separate study which Mounting evidence tralia. Over the last few dec- showed an Aboriginal-Indian ades, they have been suc- of politically connection was led by Mark At the University of Florence, cessful in destroying politi- undesirable Stoneking, a geneticist at the genetic analysis and studies cally inconvenient archaeo- test re- Max Planck Institute. Its re- of comparative morphology logical finds, and managed sults.” sults contradict a commonly are also being conducted, on to prevent wide dissemina- held view that Australia had the Neanderthal mandible tion of politically undesirable no contact with the rest of known as the Mezzena Jaw, test results. Their efforts to the world between the arrival discovered in Italy. hide the truth include arbi- of the first humans around trary re-dating of puzzling 45,000 years ago and the The skeletal remains of an archaeological material. One coming of Europeans in the individual living in northern such example is Mungo Man: eighteenth century. Italy 40,000-30,000 BP are believed to be that of a hu- In 2001, the Australian ge- Researchers in Stoneking’s man/Neanderthal hybrid. If neticist Gregory Adcock and laboratory discovered signs further analysis of Italian his team dated the gracile of the Indian migration by fossil finds proves the the- Mungo 3 fossil remains to comparing genetic variation ory correct, the remains 62,000+ years old, showing across the entire genomes of belonged to the first known that modern man inhabited 344 individuals, including such hybrid, providing fur- Australia much earlier than aboriginal Australians from ther direct evidence that archaic man—such as the the Northern Territory, high- humans and Neanderthals robust Kow Swamp skele- landers from Papua New interbred. The study fo- tons, dated to about 15,000 Guinea, several populations cuses on the individual’s BP. The results were from Southeast Asia and jaw, which was unearthed promptly “revised” by a India and a handful of peo- at a rock-shelter called Ri- group of archaeologists who ple from the United States paro di Mezzena in the declared that these results and China. Monti Lessini region of Italy. were incorrect, and decided Neanderthals and modern that the Mungo Man remains The researchers also found humans both inhabited evidence of more recent Europe at the time (Plosone > Cont. on page 15

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Neanderthal-Denisovan-Aboriginal DNA (cont.)

are no older than 40,000 neticist Dr Sheila van Holst VESNA TENODI is an archaeologist, BP, the figure set by Pellekaan. Her genetic re- artist, and writer based in Syd- “consensus.” search has been obstructed ney, Australia. She received her Master’s Degree in Archaeology since 1992, when her from the University of Zagreb, While we now see a flurry of mtDNA analysis of several activity within the interna- Croatia. She also has a diploma Aboriginal groups— in Fine Arts from the School of tional scientific community, haplogroups—indicated mul- Applied Arts in Zagreb. Her De- energised by these exciting tiple migratory waves into gree Thesis was focused on the “In 2001, results, Australian scientists Australia. Over the subse- spirituality of Neolithic man in are keeping silent. They are quent 20 years, new de- Central Europe as evidenced in the Austra- iconography and symbols in unwilling to let go of the mands were added to the lian geneti- prehistoric cave art and pottery. false tenets of evolutionary already impossible list of cist Gregory and Aboriginal origins, but After migrating to Sydney, she conditions. One of these worked for 25 years for the Aus- are not quite sure how to Adcock and conditions, introduced in tralian Government, and ran her his team stop the research in other 2011, is for a researcher to own business. Today she is an countries. One thing is cer- dated the “establish another reference independent researcher and tain, however, they now group, consisting of Aborigi- spiritual archaeologist, concen- trating on the origins and mean- gracile have a problem on their nes with expertise in health ing of pre-Aboriginal Australian Mungo 3 hands, as international sci- and genetics” (Sheila van entists do not have to com- rock art. In the process, she is fossil re- Holst Pellekaan, Investiga- developing a theory of the Pre- ply with Australian protocols mains to tive Genetics, October Aboriginal races which she has and procedures. Australian 2012). That unfeasible re- called the Rajanes and Abra- 62,000+ scientists are upset that quirement clearly falls into janes. In 2009, Tenodi estab- years old… there is research going on the category of impossible lished the DreamRaiser project, with a group of artists who ex- confirming a DNA connec- conditions, designed to ob- plore iconography and ideas The results tion between the Neander- struct and prevent any hon- thal, Denisovan, Indian and contained in ancient art and were est study of Aboriginal mythology. Aboriginal groups. Under races. promptly the enforced “repatriation Website: www.modrogorje.com ‘revised’ by policy,” many universities Even though written with Email: [email protected] and museums have returned sensitivity and great consid- a group of archaeolo- bones from their collections eration, Dr van Holst makes to Aboriginal groups to be it clear that she disagrees gists… the destroyed. But Australian with the current processes figure set by scientists are also unhappy which obstruct genetic re- ‘consensus.’” with the fact that some in- search. Her paper also stitutions, such as the Brit- points out the main motiva- ish Museum in London, gen- tion behind this stifling of erally exclude hair and nails science in Australia: the fear from the repatriation policy. that genetic research would This means that interna- endanger Aboriginal land tional scientists still can claims and would pose a obtain valuable material for threat to Native Title law as study of the genomes of it stands. people from around the world, including Australian The true motives behind the Aborigines and populations current Aboriginal policy that no longer exist. have only clearly emerged in the last couple of years. The On the positive side, there current policy has little to do are voices being raised in with “ethics and cultural Australia to stop these sensitivities.” Rather, it is “ethical protocols” which about money, land owner- breach the first ethical im- ship, and the lust for politi- perative of science—to seek cal power. the truth.

One of those voices is a well-known Australian ge-

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Tales of a fossil collector Part 1

By John Feliks

In earlier issues of PCN, I their contents. mentioned my background After 50 years in the arts and also that I of studying came to anthro- fossils plus pology after understanding lifelong research that this con- in paleontology tent is “very” (e.g., Figs. 1-12) well-known Fig. 3. At the Mill Creek campground of 1967, where including 30 and, for the the author collected Mississippian-age fossils (c. 340 mya) during summer vacations, 1962-1967, Iuka, years of direct most part, Tishomingo County, Mississippi. This creek was a experience in- predictable, short walk from the author’s main collecting exposure the-field across that combined which he photographed (Fig. 6). Photo by the author the United with knowl- (age 13) using a B&W Polaroid Swinger camera. States and edge of nature, parts of Canada philosophy (i.e. Plato), psychol- neering, exploratory mathemat- Fig. 1. The author at the Permian-age seafloor and in literally ogy, the arts, musicology from ics, and many other things it diorama, Field Museum of Natural History, Chi- hundreds of for- Bach to Metallica, drafting, engi- is clear to me that we are not cago. A passion for fossils began early on for the mations. founder of the Pleistocene Coalition—c. age 8. An early highlight was a long-anticipated 300-mile Well, it finally train trip to the museum to see the dinosaurs dawned on me given as an 8th-year birthday present, May 1962. that after four Photo by V. Feliks; crop; Kodak Starflash camera. years of produc- ing the newslet- ter few readers know any- thing about this background. There is no degree following my name so the only way to give a sense of it all is to tell it; and there is a lot to tell. Hopefully this series will give the reader a sense of the experience and knowledge that gives me the reasons and confidence to take on at once three science fields— anthropology, biology, and Fig. 4. Figs. 5 & 6 from The Impact of Fossils on the Development of Visual paleontology—which I claim Representation, by John Feliks, Rock Art Research, November, 1998. The mislead the public about hu- paper challenged neuropsychological theories that entoptic phenomena man origins specifically because (form constants, phosphenes) explains enigmatic prehistoric rock art. The of their absorption in the idea paper showed that fossils resembling the rock art were collected by prehis- of evolution and their habit of toric people as far back as 250,000 years ago. The paper was censored by blocking conflicting evidence or Current Anthropology after 2 years of review by competitive researchers. interpretations from the public “Absolutely riveting.” -Oliver Sacks, neurologist, author, Awakenings, and (e.g., Fig. 4). This is a story The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat; fern, squid, and fossils expert Fig. 2. Top. Three early with a very personal connec- “It strikes me as a very important paper.” -Paul G. Bahn, archaeologist, author, Journey Through the Ice Age, and Archaeology: A Very Short Introduction fossil inspirations, 1960- tion to fossils at its core. 1962; Devonian fossils “Startlingly original and very convincing.” -Adrienne Mayor, in Alpena, Michigan; the This is not only a story about Fossil Legends of the First Americans Field Museum of Natural paleontology, though, but of “Extraordinarily interesting…I find myself reacting…by saying, History in Chicago; Mill one that is a blended under- ‘It’s so obvious; why didn’t I think of that!’” -John L. Bradshaw, Creek campground in neurologist, author, Human Evolution: a Neuropsychological Perspective standing of fossils and many Mississippi. Bottom. “This would solve one of the major problems in the devel- Tishomingo Co., loca- other things. At its core is a real opment of human cognition.” -Robert G. Bednarik, IFRAO Con- tion of our family reun- firsthand sense that there are vener, Editor, Rock Art Research ion, turned out to be zillions upon zillions of fossils “Your hypothesis is…highly provocative.” -David Premack, behavioral the only county in Mis- in miles of stratified sediment psychologist, author, Original Intelligence: The Architecture of the Human Mind sissippi with Paleozoic and geological formations all “Certainly worthy of congratulations.” -David Branagan, geologist, University of Sydney fossil outcrops. Mill over the world easily compared “A fascinating argument that observations of plant and in- Creek is a Mississippian with one another regarding vertebrate fossils inspired the invention of rock art.” period locality. -Adrienne Mayor, Fossil Legends of the First Americans

> Cont. on page 17 PLEISTOCENE COALITION NEWS

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Tales of a fossil collector (cont.)

missing zillions upon zillions simple “When one splits of fossils evolutionists sug- and are open a layer of gest are just waiting out willing to shale and discov- there to link every single spe- sacrifice ers a trilobite that cies in a freak chain of events. everything has not seen the (Actually, what they propose is else for it. one freak change after another Fig. 6. Left: My exposure of the Iuka Mississippian-age limestone for 3 billion years.) The impor- The series starts with and chert (c. 340 mya), Mill Creek campground, Iuka, MS, 1967. I tant thing I would like to express felt a very personal connection to this locality returning yearly as we is that without an open-ended childhood had a family reunion in nearby Iuka (region of my small-part Chero- approach evolutionism bedazzles (Figs. 1-3 kee-Choctaw roots). B&W photo by the author (age 13). Right: scientists and it has for 150 and 5-6) Two productid brachiopods in matrix (4cm) from this exposure, part years. It is why they block and an of a collection built over the years 1962-1967, consisting of Spirifer early brachiopods, productids, strophomenids, Leptaena, Composita; conflicting evidence rather than blastoids; Fenestella bryozoans; and the trilobite, Griffithides. I have learn from it. Without any mo- organiza- tion, 1967. collected similar Mississippian fossils in situ across many other tivation to ignore peer pressure southern states including, Tennessee, Missouri, and Arkansas. there is little chance of scientists We called bedazzled by Darwinism to ever ourselves later, science’s misuse of the class- investigate a wider view of real- the Paleontological Research room and, as a response, forma- ity. They want things to be Committee (Figs. 8-10). 40 years tion of the Pleistocene Coalition.

Collecting Fossils As far as physical evidence from the archaeological re- cord goes, people have been collecting fossils for 250,000 years. It is a well-established prehistoric activity with hun- dreds of fossils collected by Homo erectus, Neanderthals, Fig. 7. Left. The author at the Middle Fig. 8. For those of us in the and Homo sapiens as a single Devonian bluffs of Hungry Hollow, Aus Paleontological Research Com- group during the Paleolithic. Sable River, Arkona—Ontario, Canada, mittee, and others, taking an In fact, fossil collecting is one 1987; Frame from a Super 8 film shot by occasional risk was a natural part of the earliest confirmed hu- N. Villoso. The author first collected fos- of reaching many little-known man activities suggesting an sils from Arkona strata c. 1965 after a localities; otherwise everyone interest in things beyond family friend gave the author a medium- would go there. Here, PRC mem- sized bright-olive-green coiled Phacops ber G. Borowski, 1975, crosses a survival and which can easily Fig. 5. Top: Tishomingo trilobite he had discovered there several Midwest channel not likely Co., MS, showing loca- suggest philosophical, meta- years earlier (the species are typically crossed in many years. Notice tion of my collecting physical, or simply artistic black or brown). The fossil was a prize the I-beam bent either by geol- locality 1962-67 as seen interests. In this light, col- display at many events the author hosted ogy or a large falling object. On a in Fig. 6. Bottom: My lecting fossils is perhaps the in the late 1970s and early 80s until one different occasion a friend and I only reference was only confirmed non-utilitarian night when the green Phacops was sto- took our vans across a similar Mississippi State Geo- activity that links all prehis- len, never to be returned. (Once, the set of I-beams being guided by logical Survey, Bulletin author had a large quartz cluster from those who had already walked toric humans together which No. 23, “Paleozoic Arkansas stolen which was returned across. Reaching obscure sites Rocks,” by WC Morse, is one reason the fact creates anonymously several years later.) Right. might include fording streams, 1930 (source of map), problems for the evolution Two beautiful examples of Arkona’s ver- plowing through insect-ridden though it didn’t mention community; see Fig. 4, The sion of the brachiopod Mucrospirifer swamps, crossing miles of de- the exact area. I ordered Impact of Fossils on the De- showing the gorgeous delicate wingtips sert, or climbing goat trails. One the book sometime after velopment of Visual Repre- (48mm and 38mm respectively) that instance in the Rockies involved finding fossils there. sentation. Although the preserve only when recovered in matrix. walking a ledge against a rock Morse explains that The fossils are primarily Devonian Hamil- face with barely enough room for “Fossils” paper, which offers Tishomingo county is the ton group which I’ve also collected in our feet. Needless to say, visiting only place in the state an interpretation of rock art Alpena and Milan, MI; Sylvania, OH; and such localities brings one to with Paleozoic fossils— based on actual physical evi- Hamilton, NY. Scans by the author. places few have ever seen. providential for me. (At dence was censored, pop fad the time of Morse, Mill neuroscience papers promot- aware of many different either in terms of the shapes Creek was known as ing evolutionary rock art hal- Little Bear Creek.) things through time but are of skulls or genetics. lucinations continue to no more intellectually capa- breeze straight through to There is something about fos- light of day for ble now than they were a publication without a hitch in sils that immediately connects 350 million years million years ago. This is a nearly all anthropology jour- one with all of nature and even looking up at one cultural link conflicting with nals. “The Impact of Fossils” with philosophy and every- how can one not separation between prehis- presents the case that hu- thing known in all of reality be moved?” toric people by such as does mans have gradually become standard paleoanthropology > Cont. on page 18

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Tales of a fossil collector (cont.)

simulta- neously. Fossils are a gift whose real value has not been fully recog- Fig. 11. Left: Ordovician age roadcut on Ohio Route 4, Butler Co., southwest nized. of Dayton, Ohio, 1967; photo by the author (age 13); Right: 450 million-year old trilobite, Flexicalymene sp. (length, 31mm), from this roadcut, 1967; scan The 2013. For a superb overview on how amateur fossil collectors played a primary fossil role in developing the concepts and practices of modern paleontology and geol- record ogy via the Cincinnatian of Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana, see, A Sea Without does Fish: Life in the Ordovician Sea of the Cincinnati region, Meyer et al. 2009. The not book explains how amateurs helped develop not only Paleozoic paleontology support but also modern geological science in general. Much of the fundamental work evolu- in U.S. paleontology and stratigraphy was accomplished here. Note! The first known trilobite collected is from a Paleolithic cave at Arcy-sur-Cure (Yonne) tionary France, appropriately known as “Grotte du Trilobite.” It was collected c. 15,000 theory; years ago and was perforated apparently to be worn as a pendant. Though not and as well preserved it is similar to the trilobite in this figure. trying Fig. 9. Top: Bulletin board of the Paleontological to force were next to no Research Committee, 1967, in the basement Fossil it to is transitional fossils Museum. Apart from original writings about fossils, like try- the board contained current articles, original photog- yet coming up with ing to raphy and artwork, as well as original recreations of the even more bio- world ranges of fossils in the different periods of the squeeze logically unsupport- Paleozoic era. Bottom: Part of the Fossil Museum apple able theory of of the Paleontological Research Committee, 1967. juice out punctuated equilib- of an rium or to a frus- orange. trated fanatic like Using Richard Dawkins fossils to resolving the prob- serve a lem in his own mind political by saying, “We don’t agenda need fossils in order Fig. 12. The Napier iron mine, Natchez Trace, Tennessee (milepost 381.8), shortly after the has re- to demonstrate that Natchez Trace Parkway was opened up. In my sulted in evolution is a fact. … one sci- opinion, one of the nicer B&W shots you will It would be an obvi- see of the mine. Photo by the author, 1967. I entific ously true fact even if surveyed along the mine’s perimeter and found fiasco not a single fossil had fossils in the iron concretions (and almost fell after ever been formed.” into the mine while taking this picture). another I.e. since the fossil starting record is a problem the solu- hood memories sometimes as from the tion is to ignore it. How is it moving as other experiences. giddy that logical errors this profound They were not only intellec- accep- develop in the scientific mind? tual but have even included tance of It is because most scientists the feeling of being touched. Fig. 10. The famous Silica Formation, Middle Darwin’s Devonian shale ledge at Medusa Cement Com- trained by academia have ideas in pany quarry—Sylvania, Ohio—during its heyday in never spent time with fossils When one splits open a layer 1967. Our primary guidebook was, Fauna of the 1859 to outside of academia. Every- of shale and discovers a tri- Silica Shale of Lucas County, Ohio Department of modern thing they think about fossils lobite that has not seen the Natural Resources (1927; 1966 reprint). While examples comes from academia which light of day for 350 million excellent fossils could be found all over the quarry, such as years looking up at one how collectors went to this ledge when looking for flat has a single mindset. It’s like Steven having an opinion about can one not be moved? Phacops trilobites (or the unfortunate recent re- Jay name to Eldredgeops, just like Platystrophia now someone’s ideas without Gould’s Vinlandostrophia. Let’s vote next time!) in situ. ever hearing them. admit- JOHN FELIKS is the founder of the One of our almost finished booklets in the PRC Pleistocene Coalition and layout ting My first experiences with fos- was on the trilobite Phacops collected here. Photo editor of Pleistocene Coalition News. of the stratigraphic ledge, by the author, age 13. there sils were profound with child-

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VOLUME 5, ISSUE 4 PAGE 19

• Learn the real story of our Palaeolithic ancestors—a cosmopolitan story about intelli- gent and innovative people—a story which is unlike that promoted by mainstream science.

• Explore and regain confidence in your The own ability to think for yourself regarding human ancestry as a broader range of Pleistocene Coalition evidence becomes available to you.

• Join a community not afraid to chal- lenge the status quo. Question with confi- Prehistory is about to change dence any paradigm promoted as "scientific" that depends upon withholding conflicting evidence from the public in or- der to appear unchallenged.

PLEISTOCENE COALITION CONTRIBUTORS to this Pleistocene Coalition NEWS, Vol. 5: Issue 4 ISSUE News is produced by the (July-August) Tom Baldwin Pleistocene Coalition © Copyright 2013 bi-monthly Chris Hardaker since October 2009. PUBLICATION DETAILS Ray Urbaniak Back issues can be found EDITOR-IN-CHIEF/LAYOUT Ed Swanzey near the bottom of the John Feliks PC home page. Vesna Tenodi

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