Timeline for Homo sapiens - 3rd Edition From 2.5M B.C.E. to 300,000 B.C.E. Hominin Species had organized the 1st Industrial Complexes making stone tools in quantities. By 1.8M B.C.E. hand axes and stone points that were flaked on two sides, hominins are demonstrating skill and technique. Undisputed evidence of a footprint that dates to 1.5M B.C.E. of a, "most Many Glacial likely", Homo erectus walking upright in Africa. Homo erectus fossils have been dated and from 1.8M B.C.E. to the 210,000 B.C.E. (12 discoveries are outside of Africa). Bone Interglacial Tools are found at the same epoch. From 1.5M B.C.E. to 790,000 B.C.E. evidence of Epochs occur hearths and cooking. The 1st living species that took control of fire. 500,000 B.C.E. over the 2.5 Hominin Species are hunting large animals with spears. Four wooden spears dated million years circa 400,000 B.C.E. have been found in Germany in 1995. Use of pigments on the body B.C.E. to and painting developed next around 400,000 B.C.E. to 300,000 B.C.E.. Descended from 300,000 B.C.E.. Sea levels rise Homo heidelbergensis, Homo neanderthalensis exists as a distinct species from around and fall 300ft 600,000 B.C.E./500,000 B.C.E. to around 26,000 B.C.E. and no fossils exist that are on average. younger than this time. 570,000/470,000 years tops Homo Sapiens by 370,000/270,000 Average years of existence as a distinct species. The new discovery of Homo Naledi awaits its Global place on the timeline of our origins as well as the Denisovans and another potentially temperatures modern hominin in China (The Red Deer Cave People). Over the rise and fall 8 course of the Pleistocene 2.58M B.C.E. to 9700 B.C.E., to the start of The Holocene to 10 degrees Celsius. The 9700 B.C.E. to the present, there have been 14 glacial periods with the start of the ebb and flow Holocene signifying the end of the Quaternary Pleistocene Epoch. From all the hominin of the glacial species, Homo sapiens is the only homogenous species to survive and thrive to the cycles, seems present. And we are novel on the timeline scale when comparing our time as a distinct to repeat in species versus existence timelines of past hominins. And in that modest amount of 100,000 to time, we have accomplished more in a short time, than any other species that has ever 120,000 year existed. The Human Genome Project evidence says that we are the descendants of a intervals. potential 2000 to 3000 survivors (high thousands maximum) of the last great extinction challenge. As Winston Churchill might have said with knowledge,...."Some Bottle. Some Neck". *B.C.E. - C.E.; are used in this timeline versus: BP – CalBp – Mya or Kya or BC – AD. All “BP” dates are converted to B.C.E. (before common era) for ease of non-academic understanding.
600,000 B.C.E. Mount Carmel Caves (Israel) Human evidence of occupancy to Natufian cultures of 10,000 B.C.E. 500,000 B.C.E. - 250,000 B.C.E. Petralona 1 (Greece) Homo heidelbergensis or archaic Homo sapiens? 400,000 B.C.E. - 200,000 B.C.E. Altamura Cave (Italy) Human skeleton still in situ. Difficult to access and date. *See Font and Cell Colour Code at end of timeline* Glacial 300,000 B.C.E. End of Mindel/Pre-Illinoian/Elsterian/Anglian/Rio Llico - Glacial Period. Glacial 300,000 B.C.E. Neanderthal has had full separation from hominin ancestors for 70,000 to 200,000 years. Glacial 300,000 B.C.E. Qesem Cave (Israel) Hearth with burnt animal bones and flint tools. Homo ???? Glacial 300,000 B.C.E. +/- 20,000 years Jebel Irhoud (Morocco) Jawbone of oldest homo sapien. Glacial 300,000 B.C.E. -125,000 B.C.E. Kabwe Cranium (Zambia) Homo rhodesiensis. 1920 find makes it difficult to date. Glacial 300,000 B.C.E. Y-chromosomal Adam 2013 Y-MRCA (95% confidence of an earlier rare DNA alleles). Glacial 300,000 B.C.E. Geminga Supernova Gama Ray Pulsar Responsible for interstellar medium in our Solar System. 300,000 B.C.E. 300,000 B.C.E. Swanscombe Skull (England) Homo heidelbergensis - or archaic Homo sapien - to 200,000 B.C.E. Glacial to W. & W.290,000 B.C.E. - 100,000 B.C.E. Bhimbetka Petroglyphs (India) oldest known art. Might be older. Creator-Homo? Warm & Wet 290,000 B.C.E. Start of Mindel-Riss/Pre-Illinioan/Holstein/Hoxnian/ S.A. (X) - Interglacial Period Warm & Wet 250,000 B.C.E. Ngandong 7 (Indonesia) Homo erectus with new dating techniques 100,000 B.C.E. - 25,000 B.C.E. Warm & Wet 250,000 B.C.E. - 200,000 B.C.E. Hueyatlaco (Mexico) Human habitation. Multiple stone tools. Multiple occupations. Warm & Wet 230,000 B.C.E. Bontnewydd (Wales) Teeth and part of a jawbone, 11 year old Neanderthal. Warm & Wet 230,000 B.C.E. Neanderthals have spread through Europe. Warm & Wet 230,000 B.C.E. Venus of Berekhat Ram (Israel) Figurine. Confirmed hominid creativity. Oldest Art artifact. Warm & Wet 209,000 B.C.E. Dali Skull (China) Ox teeth found on site date to +/- 23,000 years. Homo erectus or sapien?? W.&W to Glacial208,000 B.C.E. - 200,000 B.C.E. Accelerated glaciation over the next 8000 years. Glacial 200,000 B.C.E. Start of Riss/Illinoian/Saalian/Wolstonian/Santa Maria - Glacial Period. Glacial 200,000 B.C.E. Calico Early Man Site (California U.S.A.) Artifacts or Geofacts? Flakes - stone tools or natural? Glacial 200,000 B.C.E. - 45,000 B.C.E. Tabun Cave (Israel) Predominantly Mousterian artifacts in several stratified layers. Glacial 200,000 B.C.E. Neanderthals & Homo Sapiens co-exist to 30,000 B.C.E. (earliest evidence 190,000 B.C.E. ^^). 200,000 B.C.E. 200,000 B.C.E. Venus of Tan-Tan (Morocco) Figurine. Made by Homo erectus. Glacial 190,000 B.C.E. Omo 1 / Omo 2 ^^ (Ethiopia) Two specimens of early Homo sapiens. Glacial 170,000 B.C.E. - 40,000 B.C.E. Pinnacle Point (South Africa) Marine harvesting evidence exists for over 130,000 years. Glacial 164,000 B.C.E. Heat-Treated Stones for Tools (South Africa) several sites along the coast. Glacial 160,000 B.C.E. Mitochondrial Eve (Africa) The Human Genome Project. Glacial 158,000 B.C.E. Jebel Irhoud 1,2,3,4 (Morocco) Four Homo sapien fossils. Two Adults. Two Children. Glacial 158,000 B.C.E. Homo Sapien Idaltu (Ethiopia) Extinct subspecies of Homo sapiens. Glacial 150,000 B.C.E. Origins of Language (South Africa) "Phonemic Diversity" "Serial Founder Effect" ??? Glacial 140,000 B.C.E.- 138,000 B.C.E. Global Temperature The average temperature is 8/9 degrees colder than today. Glacial 140,000 B.C.E. Sea Level Equal To 18,000 B.C.E. (Shoreline is 300ft lower) Coincides with Last Glacial Maximum. Glacial 132,000 B.C.E. Human Adornment (Israel) (Es Skhul Cave Hafia). Glacial 130,000 B.C.E. Cerruiti Mastdon Bones & Teeth (U.S.A.) Hominin activity – smashed bones and teeth. Glacial 130,000 B.C.E. La Ferrassie Rock Shelter (France) Neanderthal burial site. Two adults & five children. Glacial 130,000 B.C.E. Evidence of Sea Voyages (Crete) 9 sites near Plakais - Tools from Africa ~ Homo Erectus type. Glacial to W. & W.130,000 B.C.E. End of Riss/Illinoian/Saalian/Wolstonian/Santa Maria - Glacial Period. Warm & Wet 129,000 B.C.E. Start of Riss-Wurn/Sangamonian/Eemian/Ipswichian/Valdivia - Interglacial Period Warm & Wet 128,000 B.C.E. -126,000 B.C.E. Global Temperature The average temperature is 2/3 degrees higher than today. Warm & Wet 126,000 B.C.E. +/- 5000 years Late Pleistocene: End of Ionian Stage, beginning of Tarantian Stage Warm & Wet 125,000 B.C.E. Sea Level Equal to Today's Levels To 115,000 B.C.E. Warm & Wet 125,000 B.C.E. - 60,000 B.C.E. Klasies River Mouth (South Africa) Layers show that site was used for 60,000 yrs. Warm & Wet 120,000 B.C.E. - 90,000 B.C.E. Abbassia Pluvial (North Africa) 30,000 year of "Green Sahara". Warm & Wet 118,000 B.C.E. Tabun C1 (Israel) (Mt. Carmel Site) Female Neanderthal skeletal remains. Warm & Wet 113,000 B.C.E. Krapina C (Croatia) Neanderthal skull. 1899 discovery. (+/- 7000 years). Warm & Wet 113,000 B.C.E. Krapina Caves (Croatia) Occupied by Neanderthal (900 fossils of young and old to 30,000 B.C.E.). W. & W. to Glacial110,000 B.C.E. Start of Wurn/Wisconsin/Vistulian/Devensian/Llanquilhue - Glacial Period W. & W. to Glacial110,000 B.C.E. Mandible Klasies River Mouth (South Africa) Cut marks on jawbone suggestive of cannibalism. Glacial 103,000 B.C.E. Scladena (Belgium) Neanderthal jawbone and teeth. DNA…genetically diverse to Homo sapiens. Glacial 100,000 B.C.E. Oldest Intentional Burial (Israel)(Qafzeh) 15 bodies in a cave (71 pieces of ochre & tools). Glacial 100,000 B.C.E. Oldest Paint Factory/Workshop (South Africa)(Blombos Caves) Making Red Paint. 100,000 B.C.E 100,000 B.C.E. - 30,000 B.C.E. Domestication of Dogs (Estimate when?) (*Who domesticated who?*). Warm & Wet 92,000 B.C.E. Skhul/Qafzeh 1 to 12 (Israel) Earliest representative of a modern human. 12 separate remains. 90,000 B.C.E. 90,000 B.C.E. Y-chromosomal Adam (Africa) The Human Genome Project. Warm & Wet 88,000 B.C.E. Katanda Bone Harpoon (Rep. of Congo)(Katanda) Used for hunting large river fish. Warm & Wet 80,000 B.C.E. Shanidar Cave (Iraq) Nine Neanderthal skeletons. Various ages. Shanidar 1 is 40 to 50 years old. 80,000 B.C.E. 80,000 B.C.E. Earliest Trade Route (Morocco)(Taforalt) Shell beads found 25 miles inland from the sea. Warm & Wet 78,000 B.C.E. Konigsaue (Germany) Bifacially made knives & hand axes. Hunting base camp. Warm & Wet 78,000 B.C.E. - 48,000 Genetic Evidence 2010 Neanderthal's & Homo sapiens interbreed. 1% to 4% in Eurasia. Warm & Wet 75,000 B.C.E. +/- 15,000 years Obi-Rakhmat 1 (Uzbekistan) Neanderthal teeth. 27 skull fragments. Warm & Wet 75,000 B.C.E. Blombos Caves (South Africa) Pressure Flaking of Tools. High level of delicate skill. Warm & Wet 75,000 B.C.E. Blombos Caves (South Africa) Recording Information. Organized markings on a plaque. Warm & Wet 74,000 B.C.E. La Ferrassie (France) Male/Female/Juvenile Neanderthal. (Image of a Vulva on a rock shelter). Warm & Wet 73,000 B.C.E - 27,500 B.C.E. - 11,500 B.C.E Adam's Calendar (South Africa) More research required!! 70,000 B.C.E. Lake Toba super volcano eruption. Altered the climate for a decade. Nuclear Winter. Population Plummets. W. W. to Glacial 70,000 B.C.E. Blombos Caves (South Africa) Rock art incised on two pieces of ochre + shell beads. Glacial 68,000 B.C.E. Teshik-Tash (Uzbekistan) 8 to 11 year old Neanderthal child. Glacial 68,000 B.C.E. Compound Adhesives (South Africa)(Sibudu Cave) A cognition skill required - evidence of! Glacial THE GAP IN THE TIMELINE: After the Lake Toba Eruption, evidence of Homo sapien life is scant. Glacial The obvious assessment of educated reasoning would deduce that there were few of our ancestors around Glacial to procreate and create evidence for archeology to find today. Simple conclusion and the lack of evidence Glacial for the next 20,000 years, validates the catastrophic challenge for all life. The smartest and fiest survived. Glacial 63,000 B.C.E. La Quina 5 & 18 (France) Skulls of Neanderthal found in a Rock Shelter. Killing/Butchering site. Glacial 60,000 B.C.E. Saccopastore 1 & 2 (Italy) Skulls in the personal possession of Professor Sergio Sergei. Glacial 60,000 B.C.E. La Chapelle-aux-Saints a.k.a. The Old Man (France) 30 year old Neanderthal with no teeth. Glacial 60,000 B.C.E. Amud 7 (Israel) Adult Neanderthal and infant skeletal fragments. 60,000 B.C.E. 60,000 B.C.E. Out of Africa Homo sapiens exit the Continent for the 1st time. The Human Genome Project. Glacial Over the next 10,000 years Homo sapiens become very nomadic and the evidence suggests we travelled Glacial quickly across vast distances from the African continent. The world has recovered from the Lake Toba event Glacial and the bounty of life has recovered. Homo sapien advancement throughout the habitable world will spell Glacial doom for Neanderthals over the course of the next 20,000 years. Genome evidence of cross breeding…Yes. Glacial 58,000 B.C.E. - 46,000 B.C.E. Kebara Cave (Israel) Almost complete Neanderthal skeleton. 12,000 year occupation. Glacial 53,000 B.C.E. - 51,000 B.C.E. Pedra Furada (Brazil) Site BPF 1 Radiocarbon dates on charcoal (ABOX-SC test Canberra). Glacial 50,000 B.C.E. Hazar Merd Cave (Iraq/Kurdistan) Mousterian occupation. Estimate age dating. 50,000 B.C.E. 50,000 B.C.E. Homo Sapiens H.G.P. have ventured to Near East/India/Malaysia/Australia/China/Japan/Siberia Glacial The South Pacific Islands combined with the lower sea level at this time would have created larger islands. Glacial This would have allowed for pioneering homo sapiens to populate more easily these islands. The Lost Glacial Continent of Mu Myth has a controversial foundation claim with a larger land mass throughout the Pacific. Glacial 48,000 B.C.E. Guaiari Cave (Italy) Mt. Cireco 1. Neanderthal skull & forearm. Bone marks - cannibal or hyena? Glacial 48,000 B.C.E. Topper Site (USA) Al Goodyear's South Carolina site that has peer reviewed Carbon dating. Glacial 47,000 B.C.E. Barringer Crater (USA)(Winslow Arizona) 50 meter wide meteor. Pre Human in North America?? Glacial 47,000 B.C.E. - 41,000 B.C.E. Aurignacian Culture (Europe) 26 sites throughout Europe. Blades/Adornments. Glacial 47,000 B.C.E. - 15,000 B.C.E. Pataud Shelter (France) Aurignacian (47-27) Gravettian (30-20) Solutrean (20-15) B.C.E. Glacial 46,000 B.C.E. - 30,000 B.C.E. Pedra Furada (Brazil) Contested site. C-14 dating of charcoal in shelters (N. Guidon). Glacial 43,000 B.C.E. - 18,500 B.C.E. Vindija Cave (Croatia) Neanderthal occupation to 30,000 B.C.E., H. Sapien to 18,500 B.C.E. Glacial 43,000 B.C.E. Mungo Lady LM1/Man LM2/Man LM3 (Australia) Old Cremation, multi- year debate +/- 15,000yrs). Glacial 43,000 B.C.E. Le Moustier Skull (France) 16 year old Neanderthal skull. Glacial 43,000 B.C.E. Amud 1 (Israel) Neanderthal Skull, much less robust versus European specimens. Glacial 43,000 B.C.E. Creswell Crags Caves (England) Flint tools of Neanderthals. Glacial 42,000 B.C.E. Kent Cavern 4 (England) Homo sapien jawbone. Earliest human fossil in North-Western Europe. Glacial 42,000 B.C.E. - 28,000 B.C.E. Groie du Renne Cave (France) Chatelperronian & Aurignacian occupation. Glacial 42,000 B.C.E. - 40,000 B.C.E. El Sidron Cave (Spain) 8 Neanderthal remains and 358 lithic artifacts. Glacial 41,500 B.C.E. Nerja Caves (Spain) Neanderthal art?? Seals painted on stalagmite one mile into cave. Glacial 41,200 B.C.E. +/- 700 years Divje Babe Flute (Slovenia) Cave bear bone femur with pierced flute holes. Glacial 41,000 B.C.E. Cueva de El Castillo Cave (Spain)(Puenta Viesgo) New evidence - older. Homo or Neanderthal? Glacial 40,000 B.C.E. Bir el Ater (Algeria) Aterian industry. Stone tool manufacturing with advanced shapes. Glacial 40,000 B.C.E. - 25,000 B.C.E. Beringia (Siberia & Alaska) Over 15,000 years, 100 to 1000 mile wide land bridge. Glacial 40,000 B.C.E. Kostenki (Russia) Non-stone artifacts, awls, mattocks, bone points and human figurines. Glacial 40,000 B.C.E. + 10,000yrs Engis Skull (Belgium) 1829 discovery of an infant Neanderthal. Glacial 40,000 B.C.E. + 10,000yrs Gibraltar 1 (Gibraltar) 1848 discovery of an adult Neanderthal. 40,000 B.C.E. 40,000 B.C.E. Venus of Hohle Fels (Germany)(Hohle Fels Cave) Female Ivory figurine. To 33,000 B.C.E. Glacial 39,000 B.C.E. Denisova Hominins (Siberia) Unknown species (Discovery 2010) 3 Genetically Distinct Samples!! Glacial 39,000 B.C.E. Grimaldi Man (France) Two skeletons that display cranial African traits. Glacial 39,000 B.C.E. - 17,000 B.C.E. Ucagizli Cave (Turkey) 7 assemblages of occupation. Glacial 39,000 B.C.E. Carbon 14 Reversal I: (Earth) Serge in radiocarbon affects dating by many thousands of years. Glacial 39,000 B.C.E. Australian Animals Many go extinct. Cosmic Rays from a Supernova theory proposed. Glacial 39,000 B.C.E. Magnetic Field (Earth) almost reverses. Glacial 38,000 B.C.E. 1st Sturdy Shoes (Collective Study) The small toes getting smaller. Homo Sapien & Neanderthals. Glacial 38,000 B.C.E. Leang Timpuseng Rock Art (Indonesia) Hand stencil earlier than European timeline of the same. Glacial 38,000 B.C.E. - 3000 B.C.E. Gobustan Rock Art (Azerbaijan) 6000 Petroglyphs that depict daily life. Glacial 38,000 B.C.E. Niah Cave (Malaysia) Skull of human found with many other artifacts. Glacial 38,000 B.C.E. Neanderthal 1 (Germany) 1856 discovery is represented as the beginning of Paleoanthropology. Glacial 38,000 B.C.E. 325 Footprints in Ash (Mexico) Layer below 100,000/70,000BP - layer above 40,000/9000BP. Glacial 38,000 B.C.E. - 7000 B.C.E. Klisoura Cave (Greece) Occupation intervals for 30,000 yrs. 90 hearth, 54 clay basins. Glacial 35,000 B.C.E. - 18,000 B.C.E. Groie du Renne Caves (France) Chatelperronian, Aurignacian to Gravettian occ.. Glacial 37,000 B.C.E. Cueva de El Castillo Cave (Spain)(Puenta Viesgo) "The Panel of Hands" Oldest cave painting. Glacial 37,000 B.C.E. - 12,000 B.C.E. Castel-Merle (France) Artifacts reveal a Neanderthal to Homo Sapien occupation. Glacial 37,000 B.C.E. - 32,000 B.C.E. Kostenki 12/III (Russia) Early occupation layer for this site. Glacial 36,000 B.C.E. - 22,000 B.C.E. Kostenki - Borshevo (Russia) 26 sites. Mammoth bone foundations for huts. Glacial 36,000 B.C.E. Pestera cu Oase Cave (Romania) Skull displays modern anatomy versus archaic feature forms. Glacial 36,000 B.C.E. - 9500 B.C.E. Austurias Caves (Spain) 40 caves with various occupations and transitional art. Glacial 36,000 B.C.E. - 28,000 B.C.E. Baradostian Culture (Iran & Iraq) Pa Sangar, Gar Arjeneh, Zargos region. Glacial 35,000 B.C.E. Hofmeyr Skull (South Africa) Skull has a close affinity to Eurasian features. Glacial 35,000 B.C.E. - 26,000 B.C.E. Aurignac Caves (France) Name sake for Aurignacian culture. 25 sites in Europe. Glacial 35,000 B.C.E. Oldest Mathematical Artifact (Swaziland)(Lembombo Mountains) Tally stick with 29 notches. 35,000 B.C.E. 35,000 B.C.E. Franchthi Caves (Greece) 11M/36ft of deposits. Continuous human occupation to 3000 B.C.E. Glacial 34,000 B.C.E. Abri Blanchard Phallus Carving (France) Carved from a bison horn. Glacial 34,000 B.C.E. St Cesaire (France) Evidence of co-existence of early modern humans and Neanderthal. Glacial 34,000 B.C.E. - 10,000 B.C.E. Haplogroup X (N. A.) Ojibwa, Sioux, Yakama & Nuu-Cha-Nulth. Old European DNA. Glacial 34,000 B.C.E. Pendejo Cave (USA) Human modified horse bone. A fingerprint in a clay hearth. 5 other artifacts. Glacial 34,000 B.C.E. Flute - Oldest Musical Instrument (Germany)(Hohle Fels Cave) Vulture Bone. To 33,000 B.C.E. Glacial 34,000 B.C.E. - 26,500 B.C.E. Neanderthals (Europe) Extinction happens sometime over this 7500 year epoch. Glacial 33,500 B.C.E. Leang Timpuseng Rock Art (Indonesia) Image of a female Babirusa. Glacial 33,000 B.C.E. - 29,000 B.C.E. Mladec Caves (Moravia) 5 Aurignacian occupations. Transitional H.N. To H.S.? Glacial 33,000 B.C.E. Nazlet Khater (Egypt) Complete Skeletal remains of a Palaeolithic human. Glacial 33,000 B.C.E. Circle Ranch Cave (USA) Two layers of Carbon dated charcoal. Created by humans or nature? Glacial 33,000 B.C.E. Swabian Jura Ivory Carvings (Germany)(Vogelherd Cave) Mammoth figurine. 1st animal art. Glacial 33,000 - 28,000 - 21,000 - 15,000 - 11,000 B.C.E. Pedra Furada Cave Paintings (Brazil) various dates. Glacial 33,000 B.C.E. - 28,000 B.C.E. Yafteh Cave (Iran) Lithic artifacts and charcoal reveal a 5000 years occupation. Glacial 33,000 B.C.E. Venus the Adorant (Germany) Mammoth ivory bas-relief of a human with raised arms. Glacial 32,000 B.C.E. Flax Fibers/Making Material Things (Georgia)(Dzudzuana Cave) Weaving & Sewing. Glacial 32,000 B.C.E. Mandu Mandu Creek Necklace (Australia) Aboriginal perforated shell necklace. Glacial 32,000 B.C.E. Carbon 14 Reversal II: Serge in radiocarbon affects dating by many thousands of years. Glacial 32,000 B.C.E. Magnetic Field (Earth) almost reverses again. Glacial 31,000 B.C.E. Horse Head/Water Bird/Lion Sculpture (Germany)(Hohle Fels Cave)To 30,000 B.C.E. Glacial 31,000 B.C.E. Red Lady of Paviland Goat's Hole Cave (Wales) Oldest ceremonial burial of a now identified man. Glacial 31,000 B.C.E. Bismarck Archipelago (Papua New Guinea) Evidence for early inhabitants. Glacial 31,000 B.C.E. Monte Verde (Chile) Tom Dillehay's controversial dating of charcoal from a lower level hearth. Glacial 31,000 B.C.E. Razboinichya Cave (Russia) Evidence of an early incipient canine skull. Glacial 30,000 B.C.E. Lionheaded Figurine (Germany)(Stadel-Hohle in Hohlenstein Cave) Anthropomorphic Sculpture. Glacial 30,000 B.C.E +/- 1000 years Hohle Fels Miniature Lion Man (Germany) One arm missing. Glacial 30,000 B.C.E. Yamashita Cave Man (Japan) Several bones discovered in a limestone cave of the same name. Glacial 30,000 B.C.E. Chauvet Cave Paintings (France) lions, mammoths, rhinoceroses, horses, leopard, etc. Glacial 30,000 B.C.E. Venus fgure of Chauvet Cave (France) A bison figure with an exaggerated depiction of a vulva. Glacial 30,000 B.C.E. -23,000 B.C.E. Pedra Furada (Brazil) 4 of 560 artifacts display human techniques to create. Glacial 30,000 B.C.E. - 28,000 B.C.E. Creswell Crags Caves (England) Evidence of occupation in this period. 30,000 B.C.E. 30,000 B.C.E. Venus of Monpazier (France) Green Steatie figurine. (Approximate dating, found open field). Glacial 29,600 B.C.E. Venus of Galgenberg (Austria) sculptured from green Serpentine rock. (Dance posture?). Glacial 28,000 B.C.E. Sewing Tools (China)(Liaoning Province) Bone and ivory needles. Glacial 28,000 B.C.E. Pinza-Abu Cave (Japan) Bones of modern humans. No complete skeletons. Glacial 27,900 B.C.E. +/- 650 years. Toca do Boqueirao (Brazil) Charcoal and prepared ochre pigment. Glacial 27,000 B.C.E. +/- 2000 years. The Vogelherd Venus (Germany) Crude and clumsily made ivory carving. Glacial 26,500 B.C.E - 20,000 B.C.E. Last Glacial Maximum Ice sheet reaches it maximum. 2 KM (+/-) thick in places. Glacial 26,000 B.C.E. Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site (Siberia) Oldest site above the Arctic Circle. Beads and symbolic objects. Glacial 26,000 B.C.E. Bluefsh Caves Yukon (Canada) Mammoth bone with human spear point evidence. Glacial 26,000 B.C.E. Le Eyzies Rock Shelter (France) Cro-Magnon 1 male, 2 female & 3 male. Glacial 26,000 B.C.E. Vilhonneur Cave (France) walls of red dots, black bars, hand stencil and human face. Glacial 26,000 B.C.E. Venus of Dolni Vestonice (Czech Republic) Early example of a ceramic figurine. Glacial 26,000 B.C.E. Predmost 3 (Czech Rep.) Homo sapien Skull destroyed in World War II by Nazi's. Glacial 26,000 B.C.E. - 18,000 B.C.E. Venus of Frasassi (Italy) Carved from stalactite. Extended forearms unusual. Glacial 26,000 B.C.E. - 24,000 B.C.E. Gibraltar 2 (Gibraltar) Dorothy Garrod's discovery of a four year old Neanderthal skull. Glacial 26,000 B.C.E. - 24,000 B.C.E. Gorham's Cave (Gibraltar) Last known evidence of Neanderthal existence. Glacial 25,000 B.C.E. ^ 50,000 B.C.E. NG 6 (Indonesia) The earliest fossil evidence of Homo Erectus. Glacial 25,000 B.C.E. Cosquer Cave (France) Hand stencils. Cave entrance is 40 meters below sea level. Glacial 25,000 B.C.E. Baked Clay Bear (Czech Rep.) Dolni Vestonice figurine. Non threatening pose. Glacial 25,000 B.C.E. +/- 2000 yrs. Venus of Dolni Vestonice XV (Czech Rep.) Mammoth ivory head. Face fallen on left side. Glacial 25,000 B.C.E. +/- 3000 yrs. Venus of La Poire (France) Edouard Piette adopted the term Venus (1892 torso fragment). Glacial 25,000 B.C.E. Venus of Savigano (Italy) Serpentine Stone figurine. Glacial 25,000 B.C.E. The Ishango Bone (Zaire)(Ishango) A six month lunar calendar. Glacial 24,000 B.C.E. - 22,000 B.C.E. Venus of Willendorf (Austria) Infamous oolitic limestone figurine expertly carved. Glacial 25,000 B.C.E. Venus of Polichinelle (Italy) Soapstone carving with pronounced buttocks and belly. Glacial 25,000 B.C.E. Venus of Die Rote von Mauren (Germany) Limestone figure covered with red ochre when found. 25,000 B.C.E. 25,000 B.C.E. Venus called La Manche (France) A knife handle attempt that failed. Glacial 24,000 B.C.E. Venus of Willendorf II & III (Austria) Two unfinished figurines. Glacial 24,000 B.C.E. +/- 5000 years. Venus of Sireuil (France) Found in rut by the side of a road. Translucent calcite. Glacial 24,000 B.C.E. +/- 5000 years. Playing Card Venus (France) Engraving of a woman/woman or man/woman? Glacial 24,000 B.C.E. Burial at Brno (Czech Rep.) Ivory statuette of a Male with a stump for a penis. Glacial 24,000 B.C.E. Mammoth Ivory Head (Czech Rep.) Male portrait head with staring eyes and strong features. Glacial 23,500 B.C.E. +/- 2500 years. Venus of Moravany (Slovakia) Mammoth Ivory figurine. Found in plowed field. Glacial 23,000 B.C.E. +/- 2500 years. Negroid Venus Head (Unknown) Head only of polished soapstone. Glacial 23,000 B.C.E. +/- 2000 years The Ostrava Venus (Czech Rep.) Cubic form carved from haematite. Glacial 23,000 B.C.E. Huts of Mammoth Tusks & Rocks (Czech Rep.)(Dolni Vestonice) oldest permanent Seilement. Glacial 23,000 B.C.E. Venus of Brassempouy (France) Ivory figurine (representation of face - unique). ### Glacial 23,000 B.C.E. Venus of Dolni Vestonice III (Czech Rep.) Mammoth ivory figurine with head turned sideways. Glacial 23,000 B.C.E. Venus fgurine a la Ceinture (France) figurine with a belt and slender legs and no feet. Glacial 23,000 B.C.E. +/- 2500 years. The Losange Venus (France) Unknown find spot. Green steatite figurine. Glacial 23,000 B.C.E. +/- 2500 years. Venus of Savigano (Italy) Found by a workman digging a foundation. Glacial 23,000 B.C.E. +/- 2500 years. The Mask (Unknown) Made from translucent green yellow chlorite. Glacial 23,000 B.C.E. +/- 2500 years. Venus of Abrachiale (Italy) Brown Ivory not to be found in Italy. Came from afar. Glacial 23,000 B.C.E. +/- 2500 years. The Undescribed Venus of Balzi Rossi (Italy) Soapstone figurine missing legs. Glacial 23,000 B.C.E. Venus of Kostenky
Current Climate From 3000 B.C.E. to the time of Jesus, the extent of archeological discoveries increases exponentially. Current Climate My efforts to fill in this portion of the Timeline will be a work in progress. I am more interested in filling in Current Climate the 300,000 B.C.E. to 3000 B.C.E. Epoch with Sites, Artifacts and other Climate and Glacial Epoch information. Current Climate2600 B.C.E. - 1800 B.C.E. Mohenjo Daro (Pakistan) 100,000 resident city. Buddhist stupa/public baths/"Toilets". Current Climate2600 B.C.E. Mohenjo-Daro (Pakistan) large orderly planned Seilement. (bronze Dancing Girl statuette). Current Climate2600 B.C.E. Enmebaragesi (Iraq) verifiable king on the "Sumerian King List". He is in the Epic of Gilgamesh. Current Climate2200 B.C.E. - 440 B.C.E. Athenian Agora (Greece) Temples and famous statues. Roots of democracy in later years. Current Climate2000 B.C.E. Bush Barrow (England) Burial mound site. 400 in the Wiltshire area. Gold ornaments of the elite. Current Climate2000 B.C.E. - 100 C.E. Babylon (Iraq) Cultural and economic center of Mesopotamia. Nebuchadnezzar's Gate. Current Climate2000 B.C.E. - 100 B.C.E. Stone Statues of the Steppes (Siberia) Hundreds of them. Saber shape & Face in middle. Current Climate2000 B.C.E. - 1400 C.E. Hohokam, Anasazi, Mogollon Culture (USA-Mexico) Agrarian Villages/Canals/Irrigation. Current Climate2000 B.C.E. - 1 B.C.E. The Atlatl Site (USA) Estimates of 5000 burials at this site. 2,000 B.C.E. 2000 B.C.E. 27 Million Homo sapiens inhabit the planet. Current Climate1900 B.C.E. Anyang Elite Burial (China) Oldest surviving fermented alcohol found in a bronze vessel. Current Climate1830 B.C.E. First Babylonian Dynasty (11 - Kings) Babylon sacked in 1530 B.C.E. Current Climate1800 B.C.E. - 1600 B.C.E. The Land of Cities (Russia) Sintashe River, 20 fortified centers. Chariot & horse burial. Current Climate1700 B.C.E. - 400 B.C.E. Olmec Civilization (Mexico) Complex projects, pyramids, political government, blood letting. Current Climate1700 B.C.E. Knossos (Crete) Seilement and palace destroyed by earthquake. Faience snake goddess figurines. Current Climate1630 B.C.E. Akrotiri(Greece) Two & three storey homes preserved by a volcanic eruption. Wall paintings. Current Climate1600 B.C.E. - 500 B.C.E. Lapita Culture (Polynesia/Micronesia) Pacific Islands habitation expansion. Current Climate1600 B.C.E. Shaft Graves of Mycenae (Greece) Very rich male and female adornments & artifacts in graves. Current Climate1365 B.C.E. - 967 B.C.E. Flag Fen (England) 60,000 timbers in five very long rows. Dendrochronological Dating. Current Climate1305 B.C.E. Uluburun Shipwreck (Turkey) Cargo's origins - Northern Europe to Africa (149 Canaanite Jars) etc. Current Climate1290 B.C.E. Tomb of Priestess Henutmehyt (Egypt) Sycamore box full of mummified whole ducks and meat. Current Climate1200 B.C.E. - 1000 B.C.E. Teouma Site (Vanuatu) Oldest cemetery in Pacific Islands. 36 individuals. Current Climate1200 B.C.E. - 800 B.C.E. Las Capas Canal/Irrigation System (USA) Tucson Arizona. Destroyed by huge flood. 1,000 B.C.E. 1000 B.C.E. 50 Million Homo sapiens inhabit the planet. Current Climate800 B.C.E. Imperial Fora of Rome (Italy) The Roman city founded by Romulus. The birth of the Roman Empire. Current Climate700 B.C.E. Delphi (Greece) Sanctuary on the slopes of Mt. Parnassus. Doric Temple of Apollo. Re-built twice. Current Climate700 B.C.E. +/- 300 years. Augustine Burial Mound (Canada) Twine woven mat shrouds the skull cap Current Climate700 B.C.E. Biskupin (Poland) Fortified Seilement. 13 rows of houses. Timber streets. Ramparts & Gate. Current Climate600 B.C.E. Hochdorf (Germany) Celtic Chief's burial mound. Never robbed. Bronze recliner and gold objects. ###Current Climate600 B.C.E. - 300 B.C.E. Tombs of Tarquina (Italy) Exquisite tomb paintings. Sarcophagus of a deceased woman. Current Climate500 B.C.E. The Dogs of Askelon (Israel) Remains of 800 dogs. Careful positioning suggests religious practice. Current Climate450 B.C.E. The Parthenon (Greece) Temple of the goddess Athena. Lavishly decorated with paintings & statues. Current Climate450 B.C.E. Statue of the Greek God Poseidon (Greece) Possibly created by the sculpturer Kalamis. Current Climate400 B.C.E. Scythian Gold Horse & Rider (Kul-Oba Russia) A Chiefs burial artifact. Finely worked gold. Current Climate220 B.C.E. - 5 C.E. Pyramids of China (China) Over 40 pyramids and mausoleum for many Emperors. Current Climate100 B.C.E. Teotihuacan (Mexico) Famous Pyramid and City (pop 125,000) continually built & added to 250 C.E. Current Climate1 B.C.E. 170 Million Homo sapiens inhabit the planet. 1 B.C.E. 1 C.E. 4 C.E. JESUS the Nazarene (Israel) Crucified 28 C.E. or as late as 34 C.E.
Font & Cell Colour Codes: Red - Artifact/Site/Culture/Civilization/Event/ or Other Green - Venus fgurine/JESUS the Nazarene/Interglacial period Purple - Cave/Rockshelter/Rock Art Blue - Sea Level/Glacial Period Bold Black - Something Signifcant/Sometimes underlined Cell Colour - Timeline Events & Narratives Cell Colour - Other Signifcant Timeline Events & Narratives Cell Colour - Under the Ocean archaeological site Cell Colour - Global Temperatures at maximum and minimum Cell Colour - Very early and/or controversial sites that are outside the orthodox explanation
(South Africa) Marine harvesting evidence exists for over 130,000 years.
(Croatia) Neanderthal occupation to 30,000 B.C.E., H. Sapien to 18,500 B.C.E.
(USA) 2000 lithic artifacts, 150 fire pits, 3000 yrs of occupation.
(USA) Fisherman recovered edge of continental shelf.
(Italy) Ivory carving with odd features (neck, breasts & legs).
9500 B.C.E. Luzia (Brazil) Facial reconstruction demonstrates distinctly cranial African traits. Not Paleo Asian-American.
9000 B.C.E. - 6000 B.C.E. Santana do Riacho (Brazil) 40 skeletons that are not Holocene American. Cranial African traits.
7400 B.C.E. - 6200 B.C.E. Catal Hoyuk (Turkey): Settlement. Plant & Animal Domestication. 5000 inhabitants. Goddess Fg.