RMA Magazine 2021

Source

the

magazine

Official Publication of the Rwanda Military Academy MARCH 2021

Officer Basic Training Intakes 09/20 One Year & 02/16, 03/17 Long

INSIDE Highlights of the Officer Basic Training Articles Key Events Rwanda Military academy

VISION

To be a centre of excellence for educating and training cadets to become leaders of character, broadly educated and professionally skilled to serve in the defence forces

MISSION

To train and educate cadets in the values of military profession and academic excellence in order to meet operational requirements

core values

An aerial landscape photo of the Rwanda Military Academy (RMA)- GAKO

he facility that hosts the Commanders and Platoon Com- Academy was estab- manders Courses that were also lished in the early 1960’s relocated in 2014. This develop- for “National Guards” and ment provided the required infra- Ttransformed into a basic training structure to launch Officer Basic centre for army recruits in 1974. In Training offering a Bachelors De- 1999, Rwanda Military Academy gree level education in addition admitted the first intake of offi- to professional military training. cer cadets for a training duration In collaboration with the Universi- of one year. From mid 2000 the ty of Rwanda seven programs are Academy hosted various military offered by the Academy. These career courses including; Compa- include; Medicine, Mechanical ny Commanders Course, Grade 3 Engineering, Social and Military Staff Officer Course, Instructional science, physics, Maths, Chemisty Technology Course, Regimental and Biology. Administration Course, Platoon Commanders Course, Methods of Apart from Officer Basic Training, Instruction, Platoon Sergeant and the Academy since 2006 con- Drill and Duties. ducts Peace Support Operations pre-deployment training for con- Due to high training demands at tingents earmarked for United the Academy, by early 2002 most Nations and African Union Mis- of the courses were relocated sions. with the exception of Company the source Official Publication of the 4 magazine Rwanda Military Academy

His Excellency Paul KAGAME The President of the Republic of Rwanda and Commander-In-Chief of Rwanda Defence Force

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 5

Maj Gen Albert Murasira Minister of Defence

Gen Jean Bosco Kazura Chief of Defence Staff

Gen Fred IBINGIRA Lt Gen Jean Jacques Mupenzi Maj Gen Emmanuel Bayingana Reserve Force Chief of Staff Army Chief of Staff Air Force Chief of Staff

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 6 magazine Rwanda Military Academy

We must build our capacity to defend our interests, our development, our people… do the best you can do. Do everything to the best level that you can, with precision and the way it should be done.

H.E Paul KAGAME The President of the Republic of Rwanda and Commander-In- Chief of Rwanda Defence Force

29th October 2020 Rwanda Military Academy (RMA), Gako the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 7 In this magazine

Foreword by the In Pictures 8 Commandant 59 Training Activities Review

Editorial note by the Sports & Recreational 10 Deputy Commandant 61 Activities

Rwanda Military Academy teaching and Lectures of Opportunity 11 support staff 62

UR Senior Management Officer Cadets Intake 14 and Principal Staff 67 02/16, 03/17 Long

Officer Cadets Intake RMA Articles 18 79 09/20 One Year

MAGAZINE copyright Editorial Team No part of this magazine may be • Col F RUTAGENGWA reproduced in any form without written consent of the publisher. • Lt Col J BIHABANYI • Lt Col Dr E G NGABO • Maj R RUGEMINTWAZA disclaimer • Maj Y NAHO • Maj M GAPIRA The views expressed in this magazine are • Lt E MUGISHA solely those of the authors and cannot be • Lt F GUMISIRIZA considered official position of RMA or any • Lt D MATEKA other agency of the Government of Rwanda. the source Official Publication of the 8 magazine Rwanda Military Academy Foreword by the Commandant

n behalf of Rwanda Military Academy fraternity, I would like to seize this opportunity to congratulate Officer Ca- dets of Intake 09/20 One Year, 02/17 Oand 03/18 Long for successfully completing this important course and to welcome our esteemed readers of this edition of the Cadet Magazine, the Source. This magazine has endeavored to capture essential elements of the Academy’s life which is a mixture of very many complementary activities including field training exercises, class work, sports and leisure, as well as cultural events. All these activities contribute to the development of the officer cadets’ skills, knowledge and character required for an RDF officer.

In the military profession, officers are commanders Maj Gen Innocent KABANDANA of forces and managers of human and material re- Commandant RMA sources during peace and war time. This responsibility calls for good judgement, accurate and timely decision making and appropriate actions. The basic officer training therefore prepares the officer cadets for the aforementioned responsibilities and In the military profession, sets a firm foundation for further professional mili- officers are commanders tary education and training. We are confident that of forces and managers of after commissioning the new officers will perform human and material resources their assignments to the expected level. during peace and war time. On 29 October 2020, the Academy was honored This responsibility calls for to host HE the President and Commander In Chief good judgement, accurate of the Rwanda Defence Force. This memorable and timely decision making visit was indeed a great and rare opportunity for and appropriate actions. the Officer Cadets and instructors to interact with the Commander in Chief in the course of training. The Officer Cadets and Academy staff received his usual words of wisdom which will guide them throughout their professional journey. knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 9

Rwanda Military Academy welcomes our distin- ing quality academic and professional military guished guests at the Commissioning ceremony training instruction to the cadets. We also thank of our Officer Cadets. Our sincere appreciation the Distinguished Guest Speakers who deliv- to the families who trusted us with their sons and ered Lectures of Opportunity that contributed daughters for their transformation from civilians to broadening cadets understanding of im- into military officers. Their encouragement and pending challenges and their role in overcom- support to the cadets throughout the course of ing them. their training was instrumental to their success. Furthermore, I wish to extend the Academy’s We extend our profound gratitude to his Excel- best wishes and gratitude to those who have lency the President and Commander in Chief rendered their efforts and precious time to the of Rwanda Defence Force and the entire RDF publication of this “edition magazine”. leadership for their unwavering support without Finally, I would like to remind our new graduates which RMA Gako would not have celebrated this that RDF has since its inception been defined milestone. by professionalism and outstanding discipline, The training of the officer cadets who are about the latter being the cornerstone of its success- to graduate was conducted under challenging es. You are therefore required to uphold RDF circumstances due to COVID-19 pandemic ef- discipline and values throughout your profes- fects. However, the quality of training was not sional journey. compromised. I once again congratulate you upon your grad- Our sincere thanks go to the University of Rwan- uation and wish you good luck in this noble ca- da and the Academy instructors for deliver- reer.

RDF has since its inception been defined by professionalism and outstanding discipline, the latter being the cornerstone of its successes. You are therefore required to uphold RDF discipline and values throughout your professional journey. R DF M EDIA PHOTO: PHOTO:

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 10 magazine Rwanda Military Academy Editorial note by the Deputy Commandant

he Editorial Board of Rwanda Military Academy- Gako proudly presents its course 2020/2021 magazine. This magazine “The Source” serves as an edition Tof Officer Cadets from Officer Basic Training (OBT long) covering the faculties of General Medicine, Mechanical Engineering, Social and Military Science and Officer Basic Training (OBT) One Year for university graduates with special skills.

This edition of the cadet magazine covers contemporary issues, personal experiences and focused on creative writing that will make it an interesting read. Readers will find both academic and military training activities that give insights about the Academy life and personal experiences. It is through this that they sharpen their writ- Col Franco RUTAGENGWA ing and reading skills required for decision mak- Deputy Commandant RMA ers, managers and supervisors in almost every occupational specialty.

My sincere appreciation to the Editorial Board, the Officer Cadets and the Academy staff for their tireless effort in producing good work on This edition of the Cadet time despite the rigorous programme they go magazine covers contemporary through. issues, personal experiences I wish to thank the Commandant for his guid- and focused on creative writing ance and support in the preparation and publi- that will make it an interesting cation of this Magazine. read. Readers will find both academic and military training Finally, I wish to extend my deepest gratitude to activities that give insights the RDF leadership for the constant support to about the Academy life and improve the Academy in many aspects including personal experiences. the publication of this magazine.

To the graduates, on behalf of the Editorial Board, I wish you the best in your future assignments.

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 11 Rwanda Military Academy teaching & support staff

Lt Col S MUTAYI Chief Instructor

Lt Col E KAYITARE Lt Col J Lt Col Dr E G NGABO Maj M GAPIRA Maj W RURANGWA OIC- PSO BIHABANYI Academy Medical OIC-OBT Long OIC-OBT One Year Teaching staff Officer

Maj R Maj Y NAHO Maj A GAKWAYA Maj A NSENGIMANA Maj S KABUNDI RUGEMINTWAZA S2 S4 S6 S9 S1

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 12 magazine Rwanda Military Academy

Maj C KARANI Maj I MUHIGIRWA Maj G NKURUNZIZA Capt J P GATERA Teaching Staff Teaching Staff Teaching Staff Teaching Staff

Capt E KAYITARE Lt C NTAGANIRA Lt O GATETE Lt E NYIRANIZEYUMUREMYI Sports Officer Teaching Staff Teaching Staff Teaching Staff

Lt V HAGENIMANA Lt E MUGISHA Lt V KALISA Lt D MATEKA Teaching Staff Teaching Staff Teaching Staff Teaching Staff

Lt O MUNEZERO Lt F SEBANANI Lt F GUMISIRIZA Lt M UWIRINGIYIMANA Teaching Staff Teaching Staff Teaching Staff Teaching Staff

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 13

Lt M IMANI Lt G KABAGAMBE Lt J BUSOGI Lt J URWINTWARI Teaching Staff Teaching Staff Teaching Staff Teaching Staff

Lt J SUGIRA Lt A BYIRINGIRO Lt P NGABO Lt P KAGIMBA Teaching Staff Teaching Staff Teaching Staff Teaching Staff

Lt J NSENGIYUMVA Lt G UWIRINGIYIMANA Lt N KANSIIME Lt E N MUHIRE Teaching Staff Teaching Staff Teaching Staff Teaching Staff

Lt O BYAMUNGU WOI MWONGERA M WOII MUNYEMANA T WOII MUNYAWERA K Production Officer RSM CSM OBT Long CSM OBT One Year

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 14 magazine Rwanda Military Academy UR Senior Management and Principal Staff

Prof Paul Davenport Chair, UR Board

Ms. Patricia Campbell Prof Lyambabaje Alexandre Chancellor Vice Chancellor

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 15

Dr Papias M. Musafiri Mrs. Francoise T. Dr Beatrice Yanzigiye Dr Emile Bienvenu DVC Kayitare AG DVC AG DVC DVC

Dr Ignace Gatare Dr Jeanne Kagwiza Dr Alphonse Mulefu Prof Umaru Garba Principal CST Ag Principal CMHS Ag Principal CASS WALI Dean School of Engineering

Dr JC Byiringiro Dr Peter MUGUME Dr Bernard Dean School of Medicine HoD SMS Munyazikwiye & Pharmacy HoD Mech Engineering

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 16 magazine Rwanda Military Academy Word of wisdom to officer cadets from the C-in-C of rdf during his visit at rma- Gako

n 29th October 2020, the President of the Re- The Officer Cadets who interacted with the public of Rwanda and Commander-in-Chief President are in different intakes and faculties; (C-in-C) of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF) Social and Military Sciences, Engineering, Gen- met with over 1000 Officer Cadets at Rwan- eral Medicine, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, Oda Military Academy (RMA) in Gako. The Head of State Physics as well as the one-year Officer Basic urged the Officer Cadets to be ready mentally and physi- Training intake. cally to defend national interests at the highest level. “We The meeting of Officer Cadets with the Presi- must build our capacity to defend our interests, our de- dent of the Republic and Commander-In-Chief velopment, our people… do the best you can do. Do ev- of the RDF, the first of its kind at the Rwanda erything to the best level that you can, with precision and Military Academy, was also attended by the the way it should be done”. Minister of Defence, Major Gen Albert Murasira, President Kagame reminded Officer Cadets that the rig- Chief of Defence Staff, Gen Jean Bosco Kazura, orous training they undertake was to prepare them to Security Advisor to the President, Gen James handle challenging situations. “It teaches you to be aware, Kabarebe, Service Chiefs and the RMA Gako to alert you that life is not as smooth as everyone wants”. Commandant, Maj Gen Innocent Kabandana. RO U R UGWI PHOTO: PHOTO: H.E President Paul Kagame meeting with Officer Cadets at RMA- Gako.

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 17

Instructors’ Articles

TRAINING IS A ROOT OF SUCCESS

WE TRAIN the way we fight

A TIP TO CADETS ON MILITARY INTELLIGENCE IN THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

THE PATH TO COMMAND

ROLE OF ICT IN MAKING RWANDA A KNOWLEDGE- BASED ECONOMY

THE PRIDE OF AN INSTRUCTOR

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 18 magazine Rwanda Military Academy Training is a root of success

ou cannot be born The breaking phase is where and immediately run, the irrelevant lifestyle is bro- it requires you to ken through endurance training crawl, walk, and then where officer cadets are pushed Yrun. It is the same trend in the to the limit. It is a sleepless pe- Lt Mercedeck IMANI military. You cannot wake up riod which consists of moder- and suddenly be a soldier; it re- ate intensity and running with a quires you to train first. loaded backpack at a constant speed. Endurance prepares ca- This is known differently to dets to perform under physical some people but according and emotional stress and also to At RMA, we do to me and the family I belong be able to operate in unfriendly not only provide to, military training is better conditions. knowledge and achieved when it is anchored to skills but we impart certain core values that define The building phase is where ca- bravery, instill our doctrine. dets deeply exercise on tactics, discipline which techniques, procedures among As military, our primary role is is a legacy of our others. During this phase vari- to defend national integrity and culture. ous field training exercises take sovereignty, this is our custom place and continue till the end of inherited from our elders. the confidence-building phase Here at Rwanda Military Acad- which enables officer cadets emy (RMA), Officer Basic Train- to have knowledge and skills to ing has three phases name- provide solutions to the tactical ly; Breaking phase, Building problems. phase, and Confidence-build- At RMA, we do not only pro- ing phase. vide knowledge and skills but we impart bravery, instill discipline which is a legacy of our culture. We are the foundation of positive transformation that takes place in the RDF family, manifested through officers of character that we produce. Our dreams are vast, we work upon them, we don’t give up until we R DF M EDIA are there, this is who we are, this

PHOTO: PHOTO: is what has defined our success. knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 19 We train the way we fight

ou may be asking cer cadets to be able to handle yourself several ques- any unfavorable conditions. Ex- tions about Rwan- cellence in whatever we are do- da Defence Forces ing is the fundamental element Y(RDF), but the answer is only in our training. First understand Lt Dickson MATEKA one; training. We train how we before being understood, as a fight simply means; we train result leadership will be an influ- our doctrine which makes us ence; this also makes us differ- different. Discipline is the stron- ent. gest pillar that always guides In my career as a trainer, I have our mind and body, respecting been challenged by one question each one regardless of age, In my career as always asked by officer cadets; “I prestige, height, skin colour a trainer, I have am young, how can I lead expe- and family background among been challenged rienced soldiers back to work?” others always makes us differ- by one question The answer is given through a ent. always asked by military package given to them officer cadets; “I We perfect our training for the during their course of training at am young, how can success in war, preparing offi- the Academy where they will be I lead experienced soldiers back to work?”. R DF M EDIA PHOTO: PHOTO:

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 20 magazine Rwanda Military Academy given all the necessary requirements that will en- tured over many years of personal experience. able them to lead soldiers under their command. They come up with army values consisting of principles, standards and qualities considered Officer Basic Training is divided into three phases essential for any successful army leader. each with unique standards to attain. The breaking phase, this is a transformation phase where After welcoming young Rwandan men and an officer cadet has to know more, think more women for the Officer Basic Training, the first and work under emotional and physical stress thing is to review the reason why they are here, in the short time. It results into being ready to by reminding them that as an officer you must receive what they are here for. The combat build- motivate yourself and your subordinates to ing phase comes as a solution to make them of- rise above the worst battle conditions no mat- ficers of character, physically fit, positive attitude ter what it costs or how long it takes. Trusting with excellent performance. Here, they will begin themselves and their fellow soldiers is manda- to understand what sets the Rwanda Military tory, and this all depends on how well officers Academy (RMA) apart from other schools. The and men embrace army values. confidence-building phase is always a paradigm We are born to lead, love, leave a legacy, pro- shift. You will expand your limits and emerge tect the sovereignty of our nation and sacrifice with a deep sense of pride and confidence in our lives and put them on the line for a cause your accomplishments and abilities. RMA doesn’t greater than ourselves. only prepare officer cadets for a career but to become military leaders. We speak the same language, respect our doctrine and do more than expected. The Rwandan culture is a crucial element in our training. Officer Cadets join the army with per- We train the way we fight. sonal values developed in childhood and nur- R DF M EDIA PHOTO: PHOTO:

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 21 A tip to Cadets on military intelligence in the operational environment Maj Yves NAHO

“Everything good that gence provides commanders and happens seems to come from decision makers with the requisite good intelligence.” information that facilitates their situational understanding so that Gen. Creighton W. Abrams Jr., they may successfully accomplish Intelligence US Army 1970. their missions in full spectrum op- provides erations. commanders and ilitary intelligence’s decision makers primary focus is to As future commanders at platoon with the requisite support the war level, you will always require in- information fighter with effec- telligence of your environment, that facilitates Mtive intelligence either in peace, enemy and the battle space prior their situational conflict or war time. Intelli- to engaging in any operation in understanding so that they may successfully accomplish their missions in full spectrum operations. R DF M EDIA PHOTO: PHOTO:

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 22 magazine Rwanda Military Academy order to effectively execute battles, engagement Defence Force while meeting you at RMA on 29 and other missions assigned across your field of Oct 20, “The rigorous training you undertake operations. is to prepare you to handle challenging situations during your time in service, it teaches The intelligence course package taught by the you to be aware, to alert you that life is not as Rwanda Military Academy (RMA) will help you smooth as everyone wants”. not only to understand your operation environment, by using well the intelligence resources ei- Therefore, the Rwanda Defence Force will be ther Human or Technical intelligence but will also recognizing you by your outstanding perfor- assist you as commander in visualizing your bat- mance in your units/ formations. tlespace, organizing your force, supporting force protection even better controlling operations in I congratulate you and the Rwanda Military order to achieve your tactical objectives or end- Academy looks forward to hearing from you as state at your level of command. you continue climbing the mountain in order to reach the top. However, it’s evident that this first stage of military training has equipped you with discipline “Success is how high you bounce when you hit and various qualities required for military life. As bottom”. Gen. George S. Patton. reminded by H.E the President of the Republic of ALL THE BEST. Rwanda and Commander-In-Chief of the Rwanda R DF M EDIA PHOTO: PHOTO:

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 23 The path to command

n the contemporary world other hand. All you need to do where the military is critical is to remain committed and fo- in maintaining peace and se- cused irrespective of the hurdles curity, it is vital that we stress you may encounter. Lt Uwiringiyimana Ithe importance of training and While at the Academy, you will MUZUNGU building capacities; the two in- be assessed from different angles gredients that define the stron- by different instructors as you gest militaries on the globe. are being transformed and de- The importance of military veloped to become a profession- training is to ensure that when al military officer. It is, therefore The importance of the nation goes to war or en- upon your mindset to perform to military training gages in conflict, the armed the expectations of the Academy. is to ensure that forces will be able to accom- This is very possible as long as when the nation plish strategic, operational and your bodies and minds are fully goes to war tactical objectives. The issue prepared. or engages in of security is more basic than To get these, trainers will never conflict, the armed anything else for any nation to follow your wishes; they will limit forces will be able sustainably develop and pros- your freedom and canalize your to accomplish per. To withstand security chal- strategic, thinking till you reach the term lenges in any nation, there is a operational and of confidence building in the end. need of a strong army of good tactical objectives. Thus, these will not be in vain for commanders with quick reflex, you will have been broken and re- resourceful and broad mind to constructed to meet the fitness in make critical, sound and timely RDF family. decisions. As an instructor, I can attest to In any training, you are always the fact that military profession confronted with hardships and requires commanders with dis- challenges, however strong cipline, resourceful mind, hard- body and steady mind are crit- working and able to perform ical to resource resilience, cour- assigned tasks. For that reason, age and perseverance as you training must be harder in order are required to maintain a bet- for the trainees to be mentally ter attitude. The Officer Basic and physically fit to operate in Training course at RMA Gako is any environment. exciting but challenging on the

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 24 magazine Rwanda Military Academy Role of ict in making Rwanda a knowledge based economy Lt Col Jerome BIHABANYI

The Government recognizes the use of ICT as the key tool in transforming the economy. There are a number of roles played by ICT in development of a knowledge- NEWTI M E S THE based economy in different fields of PHOTO: the country. he developing coun- key tool in transforming the econ- tries lack access to in- omy. There are a number of roles ternet, yet it is driving a played by ICT in development of large portion of today’s a knowledge- based economy in Teconomy. Like other countries, different fields of the country. Rwanda understands the direc- tion of the global economy and ICT in Education believes the current trend and This will be an achievement of pattern presents an opportuni- knowledge-intensive innovation. ty for her to become the leader The Ministry of Education is active of the knowledge- based econ- in promoting the use of ICT in Pri- omy in Africa. The Government mary schools and is coordinating recognizes the use of ICT as the the One-Laptop-Per-Child pro-

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 25 PHOTO: R DB PHOTO: gramme in the country. In secondary schools ICT in Governance and universities, ICT is a source of knowledge. The Immigration Department simplifies entry and University students use ICT resources like in- exit processes, to ease in obtaining travel docu- ternet and e-books to have affordable, fast ments. The aim is to enhance immigration control and updated studies and research. Nowadays, services and this has been effective through the ICT has made the teaching-learning process a implementation of the electronic visa issuing com- lot easier and more interesting. One can un- ponent. The online visa application process is fully dertake a Degree, Master and PhD programs operational to those foreigners who intend to visit online via distance learning framework. Rwanda and don’t have easy access to Rwandan Embassies. ICT in Finance and Business ICT is a great medium for business transac- The video teleconferencing has also enabled lo- tions, through electronic payment systems cal and regional leaders to engage and advance like credit cards, SMS banking and online national and regional issues. This technology has e-commerce. As a result, this increases mon- saved money and time by reducing travel expenses ey security and minimizes expenses. With in- and curtailing the spread of COVID-19. ternet Banking, a lot of transactions can be Most of governmental institutions in Rwanda have done online through one’s bank account at been able to meet the needs of the population by their convenience. Mobile Service Providers use of IREMBO platform whose diverse services have been instrumental in boosting the finan- have greatly improved quick service delivery. cial inclusion through mobile money transfer platforms that are linked with traditional bank These online programmes are key milestones in accounts, which further eases the money ICT innovation, a development that is likely to tech- transfer transactions. nologically advance Rwanda to greater heights.

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 26 magazine Rwanda Military Academy The pride of an instructor

he Rwanda Defence period. This responsibility further Force (RDF) admits reminded me that I was required young men and wom- to impart knowledge, skills and Maj Charles KARANI, en of integrity from RDF values to transform officer Tdifferent institutions and the cadets from civilian to military OBT instructor responsibility goes to the acad- life. emy’s staffs to train them phys- A teaching staff strives to be per- ically, mentally and intellectual- fect in everything he/she does. ly for a designated time till they The unquestionable communi- become commissioned. To shape the cation skills are the main tool cadets’ future, The pride of any instructor is to required because it is a pipeline an instructor receive new cadet candidates, from which all students fetch a requires; discipline, train and mould them to be- word which edifies, a word full of motivation, come better citizens and pro- wisdom and knowledge. fessional military officers ready devotion and To shape the cadets’ future, an passion for the job to dedicate their lives to their instructor requires; discipline, and being a role nation, but more importantly motivation, devotion and pas- model. witnessing their commission- sion for the job and being a role ing. model. These contribute a lot When I was selected as one in enhancing his/her loyalty, to of the RMA instructors, I felt inculcate the ethical values in proud of the noble responsibili- changing attitude and shaping ty entrusted to me and I looked the new leaders, new command- forward to meeting the high ers who will undertake the noble expectations of this challeng- job: Defend the Territorial Integ- ing task assigned to me. Being rity of Rwanda. assigned such a responsibility, I The gratification becomes so realized that I had been given high when your trainees become a parental responsibility which responsible commanders and requires total commitment, excel to higher positions of com- hard work, impartiality, pa- mand. No one else can feel the tience, close supervision so as joy and happiness except some- to fully accompany my trainees one who has taken this mantle throughout the entire training of responsibility.

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 27 CADETs’ Articles

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND WARFARE

ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN OPTIMIZATION OF MILITARY CAPABILITIES

A FEMALE CADET ON MECHANICAL ENGINEERING COURSE

A JOURNEY THAT REWARDS

A MOMENT IN LIFE TO REMEMBER

A HURTING PASSION WITH A DELIGHTFUL SMILE

A REWARD OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE IN MILITARY TRAINING

BUILDING MEN AND WOMEN OF HONOUR

THE CONTRIBUTION OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES IN MILITARY OPERATIONS

HARD BUT POSSIBLE

HERITAGE FOR THE RWANDAN YOUTH

MILITARY IS A NOBLE DUTY

How Covid-19 affected Officer Basic Training at rma

A WORTHWHILE DREAM

EXTRAORDINARY THINGS REQUIRE SACRIFICE

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 28 magazine Rwanda Military Academy Science, technology and warfare

hat keeps me feeding in the development of awake at night is; powerful weapons that perpet- are we going to uate tensions between global O/Cdt Nickson miss the next big powers. Wtechnological advancement? KAYITARE, It further advanced to the medi- Mechanical Engineering, and perhaps the enemy will cal sector which plays a vital role Level IV have it. during wartime to both military Science is referred to as an or- and civilian population leading ganized knowledge; technolo- to a healthier and longer-lived gy is applied knowledge while society. warfare are activities involved in It is the fusion of these tech- After war. nologies and their interaction industrialization, Warfare, over the centuries, has across the physical, digital and the scientific and progressed from primitive wars biological domains that make technological between tribal societies to in- the Fourth Industrial Revolution legacies became dustrialized world. fundamentally different from the double-edged previous eras. swords that After industrialization, the sci- ushered in the entific and technological lega- The Fourth Industrial Revolution modern world cies became the double-edged can be described as the advent which changed the swords that ushered in the mod- of cyber physical systems in- standards of living ern world which changed the volving entirely new capabili- in all sectors of standards of living in all sectors ties for people and machines. human society. of human society. It represents entirely new ways in which technology becomes It changed not only the civ- embedded within societies and il societies, but also linked the even our human bodies. technical and human domain in war which demands develop- These innovations in science ments in the field of science and and technology will change the technology. The technologies way we live, work and commu- developed were to overcome nicate. This paradigm shift will the enemy’s attacks using elec- equally impact on the military tronic warfare and preventing sector as it will reshape and cyber-attacks. modernize armies worldwide hence contributing to arms race This advancement in warfare across the globe. technology is continuously knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 29 R DF M EDIA PHOTO: PHOTO:

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 30 magazine Rwanda Military Academy Role of technology in optimization of military capabilities

O/Cdt Christian Daniel ay by day, human life national power, has taken advan- MUGARURA, is becoming simpli- tage of this to modernize and Mechanical Engineering, Level IV fied due to the ad- confront the threats of the 21st vancing technology. century. DAs a result of this technologi- Furthermore, the number of mil- cal advancement, the military itary scientists worldwide has as one of the instruments of grown as result of diverse mili- In the modern warfare, military operations do not only require troops on ground, but also advanced technology, for instance satellites and drones double as force multipliers and also provide clear and accurate imagery information.

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 31 tary academies and changes gets via computer, which can such as mechanical engineer- in teaching methodology of then be fired remotely. This ing. which Rwanda Military Acade- gun is attached to the com- As a military mechanical engi- my-Gako is among. puter by four long cables that neering student too, I wish to control the barrel elevation, In the modern warfare, mili- lend a hand in studying how to gun rotation, trigger and cam- tary operations do not only counter the above technology era. The weapon is danger- require troops on ground, but through modifying those de- ous and difficult to counter it also advanced technology, for signs or even in designing new during insurgency. instance satellites and drones weapons superior to those al- double as force multipliers and All the above designs and oth- ready in place. also provide clear and accu- er military weapon designs For instance, I and my team rate imagery information. created, starting from rifles have developed a new elec- and grenades to tanks, mis- One of the recent examples, in trical propulsion system tech- siles, armor, armed drones and June 2015, one non-state actor nology for surveillance drones Satellite-Controlled Defence created a remote-controlled to enable them to improve the systems have been produced sniper weapon which was Endurance Limit and its con- by people who have acquired mounted on a wielded steel cealment capability. background of engineering platform and built to track tar- RO U R UGWI PHOTO: PHOTO:

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 32 magazine Rwanda Military Academy A female Cadet on mechanical engineering course

O/Cdt Egidia ransforming from a fe- This is where cadet command MUGWANEZA, male civilian into a mil- is established, we lead ourselves Mechanical Engineering, itary officer and me- and gain leadership experience, Level IV chanical engineer has work hand in hand with our lec- Tbeen a long journey and not turers without close supervision easy at all. I spent four years on of our instructors which creates Officer Basic Training and every a sense of responsibility and en- day was a new day with differ- hances our level of maturity. The ent challenges to handle. To fourth year was to profession- Engineers are overcome all these challenges, alise in the career, become ex- designers, creators I required flexibility, obedience, emplary to our young brothers of things that solve bravery, hard work and taking and sisters in lower levels and existing problems. responsibilities. self-evaluation of our perfor- As a female officer mance. cadet pursuing First year which includes the mechanical breaking phase was all about Engineers are designers, cre- engineering transforming me from civilian ators of things that solve exist- studies while to military life. As you know, the ing problems. As a female offi- undergoing tough value of hair to women, shaving cer cadet pursuing mechanical military training, it off was a shock, but I had to engineering studies while un- it portrayed stand it. dergoing tough military train- the ability and ing, it portrayed the ability and The second year was not so potential within us. potential within us. The disci- easy due hard physical exercises pline and knowledge we get to build our bodies and mental from Rwanda Military Academy ability to undergo class activi- (RMA) is a pillar for us to think ties. I had to endure the physical and protect what we have de- and mental fatigue in order to signed. perform well so as to be able to complete the course. As one of the female pioneers in mechanical engineering at RMA, Phase three training programme I pledge my total loyalty to pro- which is carried out concurrent- tect our national sovereignty ly with University of Rwanda and give my life for the better- (UR) third year study activities ment of the country. allows us to build confidence. knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 33 A journey that rewards

t is not the journey, your gen- than commitment and passion der but rather where you are to give the best to your nation. heading to that matters. This At times, I got stuck when all my may be difficult to believe hope and enthusiasm seemed O/Cdt Gloria Ibut the truth of the matter is lost. As time passed, I gained AGASARO, General Medicine, that commitment and courage confidence and kept trying over Level III kept us moving forward with- and over till I made it. out regrets. From this experience, I realized 27 June 2017, is the day I set that giving up is the birth place foot in Rwanda military Acade- of regrets. The example was set my (RMA). It was like a dream by Rwanda Patriotic Army (RPA) It is not the come true not knowing what during Liberation Struggle of journey, your was waiting for me. To be 1990 and the Genocide against gender but rather honest military training is the Tutsi of 1994. If they had given up, where you are toughest episode of moments I Rwanda would be a total grave heading to that have ever encountered as a fe- yard of its own daughters and matters. male Officer Cadet. Military can sons. be a challenging ride; it knocks Out of their sacrifices emerged you down for no reason other the characters of the strongest soul bearing scars. Rwanda rose from these scars and bloodshed because of the RPA gallant men and women whose souls deeply rest in resilience keeping Rwan- dan flag flying higher. Remember, you and I owe them debts deep inside our hearts.

My journey of Officer Basic Train- ing was compounded by bottle necks and numerous challenges ranging from physical to psychological, however, due to personal

O DAY determination and passion to join the military and serve my dear nation, my dream prevailed and I

PHOTO: K IGALI T PHOTO: am now the officer I wished to be.

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 34 magazine Rwanda Military Academy A moment in life to remember

hen I was a The lesson learnt was that the child, I used situation will not always be fa- to be self-cen- miliar or easy for us to handle, O/Cdt Chrysostome tered but as I but we need to push our mind NIYOBUHANGA, Wgrew up, I realized that provid- and body to stay focused and General Medicine, ing services that are beneficial accomplish the mission. Level III to others reflects the Rwandan During the field training exer- culture, which dated way back cises, we conducted various to the old generation. This leg- operations against simulated acy changed my mindset, em- threats which empowered us powered and inspired me to We also found to confront the contemporary out that being serve Rwandans and to protect threats in a hostile environment. responsible and our homeland which is the main We learnt that teamwork, cau- checking ourselves reason I chose to join RDF. tion and focus are essential to frequently is the I was introduced to Officer Ba- deal with threats. We also found key to minimize sic Training during where I was out that being responsible and operational mistakes as any exposed to intensive training checking ourselves frequently is slight error on that has transformed me into a the key to minimize operational our side is an soldier of character, disciplined, mistakes as any slight error on advantage to the skilled and knowledgeable. our side is an advantage to the enemy. This development leaves me a enemy. proud and confident Rwandan Prior to each exercise, instruc- ready to serve my country as tors inspected all cadets and our an RDF Officer. environment ensuring readiness, At the beginning, we spent a smartness and safety and failure period of eight weeks of train- to comply to these measures ing day and night undergoing was punishable. intense physical and men- The lesson learnt is that as fu- tal challenges. Despite such ture RDF Officers, we must be stressful situations, unity, team- responsible enough, check ev- work and peer encouragement erything in our possession and provided resilience, morale and always ensure perfection in courage to never give up until whatever task we undertake. the end. PHOTO: RM A PHOTO:

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 35 What makes a 21st century military officer

O/Cdt Geoffrey “For to win one hundred tives and goals. Second, your KADOZI, victories in one hundred goals should align with the insti- Social & Military Science, battles is not the acme of skill. tutional and National policies for Level IV To subdue the enemy without either domestic or foreign. fighting is the acme of skill.” - The primary mandate of a sol- Sun Tzu. dier is to defend and protect their country’s integrity at any cost he battlefield has possible. Patriotism, resilience, The primary changed over time and courage are the commonest mandate of a since the days of great traits among officers. The Military soldier is to defend empires, the bravery is a very complex institution not and protect Tof a soldier was in most cases everyone can sustain the chal- their country’s based on how many wars they lenging environment. As many integrity at any have won and conquered. Be- think that it is about the physi- cost possible. ginning of the first half of the cal because of the various tough th st Patriotism, 20 and 21 century, military training officers go through. It is resilience, and tactics and strategy changed rather more ideological and psy- courage are the drastically. Therefore, this calls chological this is what makes an commonest traits for change in strategy and ca- officer disciplined, fearless, resil- among officers. pability, henceforth the three ient and focused to the core mis- factors include: sion of defending the country’s integrity and uplifting its flag at Grounded Ideological whatever cost. orientation In first place there is always Collective strategy something very deep at a per- In the military is as important as sonal level that propels you to money to the economy. An econ- join military. Of course, they omy cannot function without are so many reasons why many money, likewise no successful mil- people join military but de- itary can function without strate- spite the reasons, this must be gy. I call it collective strategy be- backed by a strong ideological cause as much as a soldier might orientation. First, as a person put an effort to be the best; it is you should have clear objec-

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 36 magazine Rwanda Military Academy upon the institution to provide that favorable fourth aspect is the influence of terrain which is key environment for excellence. factor on the battlefield.

Clausewitz one of the leading military schol- Capabilities ars, described five elements of strategy: mor- The success of any officer lies in the quality of al, physical, mathematical, geographical and the trainings received. Training helps officers gain statistical. According to Clausewitz, the first is skills in their specialization through induction. greatly made up of the individual traits like cau- Competence, resilience, and adaptability are key tion, discipline and critical thinking and more outcomes of the quality training. Since military is importantly the intellectual class that defines a unique profession, it requires extra effort to en- this strategy because it’s the brave that will force discipline. A modern officer should, familiar- st survive the 21 century challenges must have ize with the global current affairs, develop strong scholars. analytical and critical thinking skills.

Secondly, the size of the armed forces plus Conclusively, I am proud to work under Rwanda the logistical capabilities need to be improved. Defence Force as it is a Force that is built on true Thirdly, the line of operations should be prov- ideological values and so should every man and en scientifically to avoid miscalculations. The woman in military uniform. PHOTO: NET PHOTO:

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 37 Killing two birds with one stone

ecoming a doctor and an from day one till the end re- officer after Officer Basic gardless of the faculty. As a Training (OBT) requires matter of fact, it became pos- one to undergo both sible despite the fact that med- O/Cdt Geoffrey Bcourses during their stay at Rwan- ical modules and assignments TUMWINE, da Military Academy (RMA). One are wide compared to other General Medicine, Level III has to be prepared psychological- faculties, it is only about mind- ly and physically, needs strength, set. I realized that if you real- determination, diligence, disci- ly like what you are doing, you pline and dedication. succeed no matter how hard it is. Prior to the beginning of the I would like to course, I thought medical students Later on, I observed another advise my young would have special treatment; fact about the long cadet pro- brothers and that we will spend more time on gramme, at the beginning we sisters who are still academic package compared are strangers to one another; on the OBT journey to military training. I thought ca- but as time went by, we become that being an dets studying medicine could not familiar to each other. After a officer and medical manage to take the two courses period of two years and more, doctor at the same simultaneously, but the reality on we become comrades whereby time requires self- ground was different, we did ev- we understand each other. This determination and erything concurrently and suc- was mainly because we went mutual support cessfully. through several military training from course mates. obstacles and challenges that Along with fellow cadets, we did created unbreakable bonds the same military programme between us. By the end of the OBT, we are more less like brothers and sisters; having a lot in common and sharing sim- ilar experiences.

Finally, I would like to advise my young brothers and sisters who are still on the OBT journey that being an officer and medical doctor at the same time requires self- determination and mutual support from course PHOTO: RM A PHOTO: mates.

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 38 magazine Rwanda Military Academy Military career is not a preserve for men only

O/Cdt Gisele n Rwandan culture, a belief within a limited time. One of my IRADUKUNDA, that women should under- colleagues used to tell me that Mechanical Engineering, take particular jobs such as patience is not an ability to wait, Level IV be nurses, secretaries, re- but the ability to keep a good Iceptionists, journalists, among attitude. As a result, I applied all others was the order of the these approaches to carry myself day. That is why when I took a around with the highest degree decision to join Officer Basic of discipline and hard work that Training (OBT) it could not be enabled me to successfully com- Cultural values understood by family members plete the course. regarding gender and friends because they con- and structural Nowadays, cultural values re- sidered military career a pre- patterns under garding gender and structural serve for men. which the women patterns under which the women roles in uniform I had a lot of pressure from roles in uniform have changed in have changed in family members and friends to the contemporary world. Wom- the contemporary abandon my plan, however, my en can equally contribute in all world. Women sole motivation was patriotism sectors of national development can equally which pushed me to realize my including the military. contribute in all dream of serving my country as sectors of national Rwanda Defence Force (RDF) development Officer. I am sure that I will including the be an inspiration to girls back military. home as a Mechanical Engineer and RDF Officer. We all have goals and dreams in life and the only path to success is commitment and hard work.

When you are qualified as an officer cadet candidate in Rwan- da Military Academy (RMA), you are required to perform

under emotional and physi- RO U R UGWI cal stress in all assigned tasks PHOTO: PHOTO:

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 39 Proud to serve in rdf as a female officer

“Service to others is the rent kgs, developed a new thinking you pay for your room here on attitude; my mind was sharp- earth”. - Muhammad Ali. ened and above all exhibited the resilience which made me com- O/Cdt Aline NIYITANGA, oining the Rwanda De- plete the course successfully. fence Force (RDF) is the General Medicine, This transformation into reliable best and most incredible Level IV and active officer cadets will lat- choice I have made in my er help us to maintain the good Jlife. Each and every one serves his character, discipline and self reli- country in different ways towards ance in other capacities that we its development but the differ- shall engage in after the course. ence a soldier makes is dedicating Each and every their life to his nation. The endurance aspect gained one serves his was driven by personal cour- Combining Officer Basic Military country in different age, team spirit as desired for Training with General Medicine ways towards its any RDF officer of which could course is like bearing the weight development but have not been achieved without of two heavy rocks at the same the difference a self-discipline. soldier makes is time. I will use this opportunity to dedicating their life The debut of the course in the make the difference by serv- to his nation. first 60 days of the military training my nation and inspiring the ing (endurance phase) was char- young generation in their career acterized by intensive physical guidance. and psychological exercises. I lost weight drastically from 75 to 58 My sincere promise is per- sistence in providing the highest and tenacious quality care to patients and be the first in saving lives of my fellow Rwandans.

Today, I am a proud RDF female officer and Doctor ready to work selflessly for the betterment of my country. I will remain vigilant all the time and continue training to improve myself so as to R DF M EDIA be more prepared for any future

PHOTO: PHOTO: challenge.

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 40 magazine Rwanda Military Academy The employment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in

O/Cdt William the military RURANGWA, Mechanical Engineering, Level IV “Our intelligence is what makes us human, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an extension of that quality.” - Yann LeCun. AI-enabled systems and platforms rtificial Intelligence have already (AI) is a theory made remarkable and development and important of computer sys- enhancements Atems able to perform tasks to national normally requiring human in- intelligence, telligence such as visual per- surveillance and ception, speech recognition, reconnaissance decision making and trans- capabilities. lation between languages. One of the key purposes of AI is to make it possible for the machine to learn from experience and adjust to new inputs and perform human-like tasks.

For national militaries, AI has broad potential beyond weapon systems. Often referred to as a tool for jobs that are “dull, dirty and dangerous,”. AI applications offer a means to avoid putting human lives at risk or assigning humans to

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 41 tasks that do not require the creativity of the hu- to national intelligence, surveillance and re- man brain. connaissance capabilities. The ability of AI to support capturing, processing, storing AI systems also have the potential to reduce and analyzing visual and digital data has in- costs in logistics, sensing and to enhance com- creased the quantity, quality and accuracy munication and transparency in complex sys- of information available to decision makers. tems, if that is prioritized as a design value. In They can use this information to do every- particular, as an information communication thing from optimizing equipment mainte- technology, AI might benefit the peacekeeping nance to minimizing civilian harm. Addition- agenda by more effectively communicating the ally, these platforms allow for data capture capacities and motivations of military actors. in environments that are inaccessible to hu- AI-enabled systems and platforms have already mans. made remarkable and important enhancements The military applications of AI may fit poorly into standing regimes for example, international humanitarian law or for which applying standing regimes may produce unintended consequences. In line with liberal views, the general agreement among nations that many governance approaches including self-regu- lation, transparency and confidence-building measures and intergovernmental approaches ultimately would be required to mitigate the risks of military applications of AI.

Broad understanding of discourse about potential military applications of AI, its benefits, risks, and governance challenges, is nascent and, indeed, underdeveloped. Military institutions need to welcome and encourage more opportunities for stakeholders to educate each other, to communicate and to in- novate around the hard problems posed by military applications of AI.

Considering that the future of AI in the military systems globally is directly tied to the ability of engineers to design autonomous systems that demonstrate independent capacity for knowledge- and expert-based rea- soning, it is high time the African militaries and particularly young engineers in RDF enhance their innovations to exploit opportunities of this technology and withstand challenges associated with this development. PHOTO: NET PHOTO:

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 42 magazine Rwanda Military Academy The spirit of patriotism

“Ask not what your country can covered that it was difficult and do for you; ask what you can more challenging to go through do for your country”.- John F. Officer Basic Training long pro- Kennedy gramme, to become both a mili- O/Cdt Alice tary officer and a medical doctor MUKASHYAKA, here is no greater feeling concurrently. General Medicine, than turning a dream into Level III a reality. Being inspired The hardest period was the eight by the spirit of Rwandan weeks endurance phase, a typical Tliberators who shed their blood to transition from civilian to military stop the 1994 Genocide against mindset, where I was trained to the Tutsi, I always had the desire perform well under physical and Serving within the to serve my nation. emotional stress. Reflecting back RDF is a delightful to the main reason of joining the I wish I was among them but I profession Army was always my therapy to wasn’t born yet. This inspiring leg- requiring hard exhaustion. acy drove me to knock at RDF. My work and the contribution now is to raise the For the next phases, my motiva- smartest mind, all Rwandan flag by protecting and tions were knowing that I have built on discipline. saving Rwandans’ lives at whatev- a Nation to defend, population er cost, confidently as an officer. whose interests I’m to support, and understanding of how such On 27th June 2017, I was welcomed responsibilities cost, as well as ad- at RMA- GAKO to start Officer Ba- vices from instructors. sic Training course and I was ori- ented to General Medicine. I dis- After the President of Republic of Rwanda and Commander- In- Chief, Paul Kagame’s visit on 29th Oct 2020; I learnt that I have to use the available little resources to reach above average as long as I know the reason am doing it.

Serving within the RDF is a delightful profession requiring hard work and the smartest mind, all built on discipline. I recommend all my fellow Rwandans to remain R DF M EDIA patriotic, defend their nation with PHOTO: PHOTO: determination and integrity. knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 43 A warrior, a leader of our generation

t is my nature to be kind and Ethical values of loyalty, gentle, patriotism, honour, valour, But when it comes to matters Duty, integrity and personal of protecting my nation, courage, O/Cdt Emmanuel I MUNYAZIKWIYE, Fear me! I’m the deadliest, Are what moulded me, General Medicine, powerful and relentless warrior. The moral and RDF doctrine Level III describe me as a soldier. The time others carry their wallets, In a lot of rainfall, coldness and I carry a tin of machine gun sunshine I train, bullets, No time to waste, While they shop with their friends, Physical fitness exercises, I am a sharpened I clean my rifle with my battle spear from RMA Daily and nights combat buddies. Gako, A platoon activities, leader who trained When others wear sneakers or Painful and mentally days and nights wheels, challenging hardships, for me to fulfil my I wear my combat boots, But prepared me to pass duties Instead of make-up that they put through difficulties with ease, on their faces, Cooperation and love to I paint my face with camouflage, my buddies are the keys of When others kiss their friends and success, families saying goodbye for the And I make sure none of my day, comrade left behind. I do the same saying goodbye for I ‘m a warrior, a fighting leader, the year, I fight where I’m told and win Because I’m a soldier, that’s what I where I fight. choose, and that’s who I am. In absence of plan, I move I am a sharpened spear from RMA towards the sound of gunfire Gako, and save innocent souls, A platoon leader who trained Where others fear to go, it is days and nights for me to fulfil my where I call home, duties, Because fire is my game, I spent many days and nights Oooh my enemies! If you think

R DF M EDIA training to battle against the I will have mercy upon you, I enemy. will not. PHOTO: PHOTO:

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 44 magazine Rwanda Military Academy Hard work leads to success

e must build our tal stress and I can proudly and capacity to de- confidently encourage my young fend our nation- civilian brothers that this noble O/Cdt Redemptus al interests at family is the good place to be. Wwhatever cost bearing in mind KWITONDA, I salute my instructors who have Social & Military Science, that the international set-up equipped me with knowledge Level IV is a self-help system. Looking and skills that have shaped me at where our dear country has from civilian life to an outstand- come from, the successes in all ing RDF officer. sectors that our great nation has registered, have been de- In conclusion, I therefore, wish fined by hard work, clear and to attest that determination and We must build dedicated leadership. hard work are key ingredients for our capacity success. to defend our Considering that I am a prod- national interests uct of the above status quo, it is at whatever my humble belief that nothing cost bearing in is impossible in this world if you mind that the work hard. My personal motiva- international set- tion is premised on love for my up is a self-help country and more particularly system. the passion I have had to join RDF family so that I can equally fight for my country, hence contributing to national development. I realized this dream in 2016 when I was among the lucky ones who passed a test to join RMA as Officer Cadet.

Following enrollment, we underwent military training program combined with University of Rwanda academic studies which required both individual effort and team work.

During the training, we were

subjected to physical and men- RM A PHOTO: knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 45 A worthwhile journey

O/Cdt Solange INGABIRE KAGERUKA, Social & Military Science, Level III RO U R UGWI PHOTO: PHOTO: As a female, I have learnt that women “If it’s a good idea go ahead and do it. It’s much easier to apologize play a vital role in than it is to get permission”- Grace Hopper. today’s military, they are soldiers on en years ago, I devel- by, I became hopeful that it was the front line and oped the urge to join a course worth enduring. they are leaders the RDF, it was my During my first year at RMA, as opposed to the dream and I had to do things were tough and life myth that girls are Twhatever it took to chase it. wasn’t easy at all. This required fragile and not able Whenever I saw a woman in ser- much effort, high level of en- to perform military vice, I got more motivated and durance, being patient and per- duties like fellow strongly believed that one time I sistent so as to break the train- male soldiers. would be like her. ing resistance. I never knew that On 26th June 2017 we were time will come when I would welcomed into Rwanda Mili- see light at the end of tunnel tary Academy (RMA), it was the but to everyone’s surprise, we beginning of a new journey in finally made it. which neither our parents nor As a female, I have learnt that siblings could accompany us, women play a vital role in to- we only relied on ourselves and day’s military, they are soldiers our colleagues to keep moving on the front line and they are forward. The impression I had leaders as opposed to the myth about Officer Basic Training was that girls are fragile and not that it was a course impossible able to perform military duties to complete but as time went like fellow male soldiers.

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 46 magazine Rwanda Military Academy If passion drives you, let reason hold the reigns

O/Cdt Fred “Passion is what gets you through the hardest times that might RUGAMBA, otherwise make strong men weak, or else make you give up”. Social & Military Science, Oprah Winfrey. Level IV y the time I graduat- litres of sweat throughout the ed from secondary whole course but I believed hard school, I was so pas- times would come to an end and sionate about serving this was only due to the passion I Bmy country as a military officer had for the military career. Indeed, you will and thought it was right time be unstoppable as The Officer Basic Training has to chase my dream hence at- long as you have now acquainted me with all the tending Officer Basic Training. passion for what necessary military knowledge you are focusing However, I did not know the and skills that I am now more on. It is that same cost that I had to pay in order committed and confident that I spirit that enabled to become a military officer. me go through have become an officer of char- th the toughest 20 June 2016 was a day of acter that Rwanda Defence Force experience of the joy, a day that would determine (RDF) will entrust with leadership course to attain my future. It was the day that of soldiers both in war and peace- victory. I commenced the Officer Basic time. Training. However, the Shock I am now proud of attaining the Wave Exercise which set the career of my dream and as well as tone for the training twisted belonging to the RDF family. So, and shattered my hope. De- “if passion drives you, let reason spite this development, I re- hold the reigns” (Benjamin Frank- mained determined to achieve lin). Indeed, you will be unstoppa- my dream. ble as long as you have passion As the course progressed for what you are focusing on. It is during endurance phase, I ex- that same spirit that enabled me perienced a very harsh life that go through the toughest experi- I had never tasted before. I saw ence of the course to attain vic- my body pouring countless tory.

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 47 Morale is key for any military success

orale is a state of da Military Academy and pursu- mind that gives us ing University of Rwanda pro- superior drive to- gramme, I discovered that mo- O/Cdt Marie Claire wards a certain goal rale is motivated by self-deter- UWANYAGASANI, Mor purpose. It differs from other mination at personal level and a Social & Military Science, Level IV things that drive us such as fear team spirit is a key ingredient for or personal desire. morale when it comes to collective effort. Why a morale? It helps to achieve our mission as soldiers, I learnt how to work as a team when soldiers’ morale is low member with my fellow ca- Strength does not come from what their performance declines, dets in any group assignments you can do, it when it is high, their perfor- to perform under physical and rather comes from mance is better. Morale is a core emotional stress. Strength does overcoming the element of military performance not come from what you can do, things you thought and has always been a key con- it rather comes from overcom- you couldn’t; that’s sideration within military training the things you thought you where morale ing and operations. My personal couldn’t; that’s where morale comes in. experience while undertaking comes in. Officer Basic Training at Rwan- Personally, this has been a major helpful tactic in moments of hardship and other tough times during my four-year cadet course training.

While I was undertaking my research project, I came across quite number of theories from various military scholars argu- ing that the records of military victories clearly indicate that undermining the enemy’s morale has been used as tactic for successful military operations

PHOTO: R DF M EDIA PHOTO: against adversaries.

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 48 magazine Rwanda Military Academy A hurting passion with a delightful smile

ut of the untold hold it anymore, hence seeking all story, loving the ways to get information that would long columns of help me pursue my dream. O/Cdt Irene Kirungi, men and women Joining Rwanda Military Acade- OBT One Year Odressed in green suits, smartly my was the beginning of a journey matching with swift music in to achieving my dream but I was their background, I was always green about the process. Shaving excited to see them dressed off my hair was the first shock, in green clothes alongside the heavy bags, jungle boots, wash road in heavy rains and un- From time to time, and wear among others broke me der the scorching sunshine. the tree of liberty emotionally and physically. must be watered This made me believe that the with the blood strong people are not those The unforgettable days of endur- of tyrants and with heavy muscles but those ance gave me reason to shade patriots. It’s all who win battles we know noth- more tears but I did not give up. about passion. ing about. Having chosen to bravely sacrifice my life for the nation, I learned My passion was to serve and that my nation came first and that protect my beloved nation, it achieving my dream wouldn’t was a dream that always lin- come easy. gered in my mind, and I couldn’t It’s indeed a hurting passion. It doesn’t take a hero to order men to go into battle but takes him to be one of those who open fire. Being part of the men dressed in uniform, always ready to serve their country was my pride ever since childhood.

I only regret that I have one life to give for my country, I wish I had more. From time to time, the tree of liberty must be watered with the blood of tyrants and patriots. It’s all about passion. PHOTO: RM A PHOTO:

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 49 A reward of physical exercise in military training

O/Cdt Lionel GIRISHYA, OBT One Year

The sacrifice made

by the Rwanda RM A PHOTO: Patriotic Army (RPA) to liberate wanda’s political inclu- and demand both mental and the nation has sivity, economic pros- physical readiness. When do- been one of the perity and peace have ing those exercises, instructors key driving factors greatly defined the keep on pushing and encourag- that motivates the Rcountry’s current stability that ing us at the same time, a ges- young generation Rwandans enjoy. The sacrifice ture that enables us to endure to join the RDF. made by the Rwanda Patriot- the course. ic Army (RPA) to liberate the Furthermore, during my train- nation has been one of the key ing, I realized that teamwork driving factors that motivates is so important as each team the young generation to join the member plays a complimentary RDF. The mindset of striving for role for the benefit of the entire what’s best for my country incul- team. cated me to come to terms with my dream of being part of RDF About this journey that is worth through undergoing Officer Ba- taking, I could say much, but to sic Training at RMA- GAKO. everyone who wishes to undertake it, engage in physical fit- Having been so passionate ness exercises early enough as about physical fitness since it will greatly contribute to your childhood has incredibly helped charisma to confront the phys- me to undergo Officer Basic ical and mental challenges you Training with ease. Military ex- will be subjected to during the ercises are hard but doable course.

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 50 magazine Rwanda Military Academy Heritage for the Rwandan youth

‘Rwanda has changed for In this period of time, human be- good and forever’’- H.E the ings need to be shaped physical- President of Rwanda Paul ly and mentally, taught to be re- O/Cdt Emmanuel KAGAME. sponsible, hard workers, account- NIYONIZERA, able and patriotic for better des- OBT One Year eritage leads to the tiny of individuals, their families way we protect in- and the country in general. tegrity, sustainability Unfortunately, the past Rwandan and patriotism with Regimes invested resources in ed- Hrespect to the legacy set by ucating the youths on hatred and the Rwanda Patriotic Army We learn from divisionism. They grew up with re- (RPA) that took initiative to failures much sentment and hatred against their liberate and stop the Genocide more than from fellow Rwandans, and this was against the Tutsi in 1994. Youth successes, the portrayed in their actions when is a stage of life between child- young generation the seeds they planted led to the hood and adulthood when one has learnt many 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi. is still fresh and very strong. good lessons The development and prog- from the Rwandan Fortunately, after stopping the ress of any society depends liberators. 1994 Genocide against Tutsi and on how vibrant the youth are. liberating Rwanda, the RPF led The contribution of youth is of Government invested more in the great value to achieving the youth through education so as to set goals in any society. be key in the development of the country and role model in unity and reconciliation of all Rwan- dans.

As we know that we learn from failures much more than from successes, the young generation has learnt many good lessons from the Rwandan liberators. We shall keep moving in their footsteps, develop and fight for the dignity and sovereignty of our beloved Rwanda. Together we can make our country a Paradise. This is the

PHOTO: R DF M EDIA PHOTO: Rwanda we want. knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 51 The contribution of unmanned aerial vehicles in military operations O/Cdt Emmanuel NYANTABA, OBT One Year “From time to time, the tree As the time passed by, after realiz- of liberty must be watered ing that UAVs played a big role in with the blood of tyrants and World War II, militaries worldwide patriots”. Thomas Jefferson. have modified them to enhance They also ease their capabilities and performances. work and save nmanned Aerial Vehi- UAVs perform a lot in military dou- time. This can be cles (UAVs) are vehi- bling as a force multiplier and pro- demonstrated cles or aircrafts that fly viding accurate information. They through and operate without a also ease work and save time. This Upilot. This system made on re- can be demonstrated through re- reconnaissance and surveillance search early 1849 and has been connaissance and surveillance mis- missions, introduced during second world sions, transportation, search and transportation, war, due to the challenges that rescue operations where all these search and rescue were met by the soldiers during duties are remotely controlled on a operations where that period; such challenges computer from a certain station. were like having big number of all these duties Nowadays this technology is not causalities, death and destruc- are remotely a preserve of the military as it is tion of equipment then these controlled on a used in other sectors to advance brought the idea of introducing computer from a development of nations. In Rwan- UAVs as one of the solutions to certain station. da, this technology is not only em- counter those challenges. ployed by the military but also by In the military, this is the first other government institutions like time where UAVs were intro- Ministries of Health and Agricul- duced, since security is para- ture to foster social and economic mount to the country. UAVs can development. For example, in East be used to fight against your African Region, Rwanda has taken enemy where by you can send a credit to employ drones in the a drone with specific mission transportation of blood for the res- of striking your enemy within cue and first aid of patients as well a short period of time, without as pesticide spraying to enhance losing the lives of your men. agricultural production.

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 52 magazine Rwanda Military Academy Hard but possible

n this life, nearly everyone is frog jumped, crossed obstacles curious to know about dif- and we continued day and night ferent careers and profes- working without a little time to sions but most of them do sleep until eight weeks which are Inot get bountiful ideas about commonly known as breaking military career. Though some phase. O/CDT Christian people might have been told MUGISHA, It was followed by building phase of a long journey an officer ca- OBT One Year which counts on will, physical fit- det goes through, anyone who ness and courage alongside class got a chance to undergo cadet studies so as to give you a full training understands it more package as an officer who will than in talks. lead soldiers in war and peace Nothing is My first day at Rwanda Mili- time. Lastly, the confidence impossible and tary Academy (RMA), I saw building phase entails leadership every journey the smartness, confidence and skills, character development and starts with a the orderly manner of senior being accountable to your subor- single step. officer cadets exciting every- dinates. Breaking, building one and it felt so hard to get and confidence As time progresses, trainings get to their level. But my deter- building phases all far and finally you realize that mination and instructor’s pro- require resisting everything was meant to make fessionalism let me get there till the last you alert, work on time, cooper- shortly. minute of your ate with others, and I figured out commissioning On 26th February 2020, my that transforming someone from day. journey as an officer cadet civilian to military life is hard but started. The commandant wel- possible. comed us and appreciated us Nothing is impossible and every for the initiative we took to join journey starts with a single step. RDF as a family and choosing Breaking, building and confi- military as career. He empha- dence building phases all require sized on training hard so as to resisting till the last minute of be able to defend our country. your commissioning day. Without From that day we started to be commitment you will never start called officer cadets. and without consistency you will Amazingly, from introduc- never finish. Ease is a great threat tion day, we crawled, ran, to progress than hardships.

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 53 Military is a noble duty

enerally, when you Working under emotional pronounce the word stress during training strength- “soldier”, the audience ens your mind and conditions O/Cdt Theogene will imagine a highly you to think critically and make MURENZI, Gtrained person who can respond sound decisions in any situa- OBT One Year under any challenging condi- tion. This helps you to be proac- tion. All over the world, military tive and control your aggressive knowledge surpasses what peo- reaction. Realism in training is a ple see in movies, read in books fundamental pillar that gives us and newspapers. The journey to confidence in our daily duties. military career involves a lot of Military training When you have mastered men- untold challenges. requires physical tal and physical fundamental strength and Military training requires physi- military strengths, you are able mental capacity to cal strength and mental capac- to exploit the available oppor- be transformed to ity to be transformed to military tunities and navigate through military lifestyle. lifestyle. Field training exercises prevailing challenges. Different Field training improve and widen your per- opportunities like education, exercises improve ception on military way of doing medical services, training in- and widen your things and prepare you for fu- centives, to mention but a few perception on ture awaiting tasks. This requires are the motivating and morale military way of cadet endurance, determination boosting factors during the doing things. and resilience to effectively op- course. erate in a demanding environ- It is globally known that mili- ment. tary career is challenging and demanding duty, however being one of the key instruments of national power responsible for national sovereignty, it is a noble duty and pride that men and women have to undertake in the promotion of their national interest. Remember, we all can’t be enrolled in military but having and keeping the love for the country should be everyone’s responsibility. PHOTO: RM A PHOTO:

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 54 magazine Rwanda Military Academy Building men and women of honour

onour can simply be other military lessons that require defined as adher- a high level of self-discipline. ing to what is right. OBT-One Year is joined by coura- O/Cdt Fabrice In Rwanda Defence geous lads from different corners KAMALI, HForce, this crucial value was of the country and each one of us OBT One Year inherited from brave and hon- joins with a personal and specif- ourable men and women who ic reason. But as one progresses led the Liberation Struggle and during the programme, delicate those who fought alongside reasons become void when we all them. become one; one brotherhood, If men and women They carried out, acted and one Force, with one common of honour were lived the values of duty, loyalty, mission. made, Rwanda selfless service, integrity and This is the most important part of Military Academy- personal courage in everything Gako would be one the journey because that’s when they did with no expectation big factory that you realize that all your egoistic of prizes or praises. produces them. life goals are worthless compared If men and women of honour to the sacrifice you owe to com- were made, Rwanda Military plete the masterpiece; we all want Academy-Gako would be our Motherland to become. one big factory that produc- But completing OBT-One Year es them. Officer Basic Train- is not an end, it is rather the being (OBT)- One Year is the ginning of great responsibilities, programme I underwent and becoming part of the shield that have successfully completed protects the country, its sover- it. It is a meticulously prepared eignty, its people and account- programme that teaches you ability in serving our country. more about honour in a single year compared to what many One’s emotional and physical learn in a lifetime. strength must be pushed over the limits in overcoming all obstacles Every second counts, one that exist with ease. Becoming learns through small things like the man and woman of honour how you ought to; make your is all about carrying the nation- bed, polish your shoes, keep- al flag up high with bravery and ing time, tactics, how you must dignity. live with your colleagues and

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 55 Extraordinary things require sacrifice

uccess cannot be tak- Sacrificing means prioritizing en for granted; it al- something you think is import- ways comes from hard ant than what you have been do- O/Cdt Ismail work, perseverance, ing. For instance, there are many Slearning, sacrifice and loving important things to share with MURWANASHYAKA, OBT One Year what you are doing. Once you friends and families, but if the need something that some- dream requires you to leave them times seems to be impossible behind, that is where prioritizing for many people, it has to take comes in even though it will ex- you an extra effort to attempt haust and stress you out. Rwan- and make it possible. da is a good example of peaceful Once you need countries owing to the sacrifice For instance, it will not be easy something that made by brave men and women to convince anybody that it is sometimes seems who left their families and per- possible to endure working un- to be impossible sonal interests to liberate their der both physical and mental for many people, motherland. it has to take you stress for eight weeks without an extra effort to sleeping, but I am now a good One needs to sacrifice their pride attempt and make witness. Thus, if you want to and comforts, undergo sever- it possible. live a meaningful life, you have al obstacles and challenges to to be willing to make some reach the climax of their journey sacrifices by working beyond to success. Cynics criticize, win- ordinary height. ners sacrifice. PHOTO: RM A PHOTO:

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 56 magazine Rwanda Military Academy How Covid-19 affected Officer Basic Training at rma O/Cdt David CYUBAHIRO, General Medicine, Level III ll started from Wuhan, a case was confirmed in mid-No- city in China in Decem- vember 2020. Like the rest of ber 2019. The World the country, we adopted new Health Organization preventive measures including Adeclared COVID-19 to be a public face masks that made it hard for health emergency of international the instructors to teach and for I have learnt that concern due to the appalling abil- the officer cadets to train while whatever you ity to spread very fast to all con- wearing them. Social distancing perceive in your tinents. COVID-19 is an infectious equally seemed impossible due mind can be disease caused by novel corona to the cohesive nature of train- achieved if you virus. It spreads primarily through ing like sports activities and field don’t give up. droplets or discharges from the exercises that require unity of nose when an infected person effort. To deal with the scourge, coughs or sneezes. the Academy was forced to hold military training for three weeks. This pandemic has affected people’s lives and national economies As for academics, the University globally. The impacts are different of Rwanda program was on hold as countries, and their respective for six months nationwide, which policy responses are varied. The delayed our studies. Though it first case was reported in Rwanda resumed, face-to-face studying in mid-March 2020, the number reduced and we adopted an on- of new cases has been increasing, line studying system which limits and lives are being lost. Through- practical sessions. out this period, people faced a Despite these challenges, the financial crisis, food insecurity, Academy managed to discharge unemployment, ban of some busi- its noble duty and training con- nesses which created a significant tinued while ensuring compli- impact on small and medium en- ance on COVID 19 preventive terprises. measures. It shouldn’t be me or Indeed, military training institu- you to spread it, let us continue tions were not spared. At Rwanda to protect ourselves and each

PHOTO: R DF M EDIA PHOTO: Military Academy- Gako, the first other’s lives.

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IN PICTURES

ASPECTS OF CADET ADMINISTRATION TRAINING ACTIVITIES REVIEW LECTURE OF OPPORTUNITIES RDF Leadership Visit Sports & Recreational Activities

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 58 magazine Rwanda Military Academy Aspects of Cadet Administration

2 3

CAPTIONS

1 Officer Cadet Mess 2 The Academy Barber shop 3 Officer Cadet Hostels 4 Fighting Covid-19 Pandemic through testing 4

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CAPTIONS 1 Officer Cadets in the academy library 1 2 2 Officer Cadets in the academy English Center 3 Officer Cadets crossing obstacles 3 4 4 OfficerC adets issuing orders 5 Officer Cadets during live firing exercise of 5 6 AK-47 6 Officer Cadets during military drills 7 Officer Cadets during operation plan 7 8 8 Cadet Officer during surveillance drills 9 Officer Cadets during live firing exercise of 12.7 AAC 9

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 60 magazine Rwanda Military Academy RDF Leadership Visit

Chief of Defence Staff (3rd left), Commandant (4th left), Deputy Commandant (2nd left), Chief Instructor (2nd right) and obt Long Leadership

Senior Defence and Security Advisor to H.E the President of the Republic of Rwanda (center), Commandant (2nd left), Deputy Commandant (2nd right) and Obt One Year Leadership

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2 3

CAPTIONS

1 Karate classes are available at the academy

2 A good basketball court for recreation

3 Athletics is encouraged at the Academy

4 Volleyball is another activity undertaken 4

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 62 magazine Rwanda Military Academy Lectures of Opportunity

CAPTIONS

1 Hon Maj Gen Albert Murasira, Minister of Defence

2 Hon Prof Shyaka Anastase, 1 2 Minister of Local Government

3 Hon Dr Mukeshimana Gerardine, Minister of Agriculture

4 Hon. Mbabazi Rosemary, Minister of Youth and Culture 3 4 5 Hon Prof Nshuti Manasseh, Minister of State in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation in Charge of East African Community

6 Senator Bideri John Bonds 5 6

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CAPTIONS

7 Mr Rugwabiza Leonard, Economic Advisor to the Minister of Finance & Economic Planning 8 Gen James Kabarebe, 7 8 Senior Defence and Security Advisor to H.E the President of the Republic of Rwanda 9 Gen Jean Bosco Kazura, Chief of Defence Staff Rwanda Defence Force 10 Lt Gen Jean Jacques Mupenzi, Army Chief of Staff Rwanda 9 10 Defence Force 11 Maj Gen Emmanuel Bayingana, Air Force Chief of Staff Rwanda Defence Force 12 Late Lt Gen Jacques Musemakweli, Inspector General Rwanda Defence Force 11 12

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 64 magazine Rwanda Military Academy Lectures of Opportunity

CAPTIONS

13 Maj Gen Andrew Kagame, Reserve Force Deputy Chief of Staff In Charge of Ops & Trg

14 13 14 Maj Gen Ferdinand Safari, Director General Policy and Strategy Ministry Of Defence

15 Brig Gen Vincent Nyakarundi, Head Defence Intelligence

16 Col Godfrey Gasana, Deputy Air 15 16 Force Chief of Staff

17 Col (Rtd) Jill Rutaremara, Director Rwanda Peace Academy

18 Acp Lynder Nkuranga, Director General External Security

17 18

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 65 Bachelor’s Degree Graduates

Pioneer Cadets of the Degree Program after being awarded a Bachelor’s Degree with Honors in Social and Military Sciences on 8 November 2019 at the University of Rwanda Huye Campus Non-Commissioned Officers Corps

Gratitude to the NCO’s Corps who moulds the Cadets to fully fledged RDF Officers

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 66 magazine Rwanda Military Academy

OFFICER CADETS IN PICTURES

Intake 02/16 Long Intake 03/17 Long Intake 09/20 One Year

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Mechanical Engineering

O/Cdt Devothe O/Cdt William O/Cdt Wenceslas O/Cdt Valentine O/Cdt Thomas NIZEYUMUKIZA RURANGWA BUCYANA UMUTONI SANKARA NIYIGENA

O/Cdt Steven O/Cdt Papias O/Cdt Olivier O/Cdt Olivier O/Cdt Nickson MUTABAZI MUKUNDIYUKURI NSENGIYUMVA KWIZERA KAYITARE

O/Cdt John Bosco O/Cdt Jean Marie O/Cdt Jean Paul O/Cdt Jean de Dieu O/Cdt Godfrey KAYIRANGA Vianney ISHIMWE MUNYANDAMUTSA KARANGWA MUGISHA

O/Cdt Gisele O/Cdt Francois O/Cdt Francis O/Cdt Florence O/Cdt Fidia IRADUKUNDA IRADUKUNDA ISHIMWE NIYIMFASHA UMUMARARUNGU

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 68 magazine Rwanda Military Academy Officer Cadets Intake 02/16 Long

Mechanical Engineering

O/Cdt Eustache O/Cdt Elie Maurice O/Cdt Egidie O/Cdt Christian O/Cdt Christian Daniel BIMENYIMANA MIZERO MUGWANEZA IBEYA NDAGANO MUGARURA

O/Cdt Bosco O/Cdt Angelique ASIIMWE ZAWADI KASIBANTE

MEDICINE LEVEL 4

O/Cdt Didas O/Cdt Elysé O/Cdt Bertin O/Cdt Destin O/Cdt Dieudonne MURINDANGABO DUSHIMIMANA NDICUNGUYE RUTERANA MUNEZERO

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MEDICINE LEVEL 4

O/Cdt Aline O/Cdt Emmanuel O/Cdt Emmanuel O/Cdt Emmanuel O/Cdt Evariste NIYITANGA NGABONZIZA NIYONKURU UWIZEYIMANA NSANZIMANA

O/Cdt Frank O/Cdt G NSABIMANA O/Cdt Hubert O/Cdt Jean Claude O/Cdt Desire KAMUHANDA RUTEBUKA MUCYO HABUMUGISHA MUGIRE

O/Cdt Rauben O/Cdt Rémy O/Cdt Sabiti O/Cdt Sacré O/Cdt Tuyishime MUHIRWA MUGISHA TUMUSIME MUBASHA NZAYISENGA

O/Cdt Fabrice TWAHIRWA

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social military sciences

O/Cdt Didas O/Cdt Egide O/Cdt Aboubakar O/Cdt Aimable O/Cdt Alpha NYIRINGABO MUHIRE NDABIKUNZE UWIZEYIMANA MPORANYI

O/Cdt Anitha MUTESI O/Cdt Augustin O/Cdt Axel O/Cdt Bernard O/Cdt Bernard TURATSINZE IYAMUREMYE MUSAFIRI NSHIMIYIMANA

O/Cdt Bonaventure O/Cdt Charles O/Cdt Charles O/Cdt Clovis Obed O/Cdt Colin NDARUHUTSE GASANGWA MUNYANGEYO MUTABAZI MURENGERANTWALI

O/Cdt Dalmas O/Cdt Deo O/Cdt Desire O/Cdt Elysee O/Cdt Emile BISAMAZA TWAHIRWA MURINDABIGWI NKURIKIYINEZA RWEMA

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social military sciences

O/Cdt Emmanuel O/Cdt Emmy O/Cdt Eric O/Cdt Eric O/Cdt Francis SANO KANYAMUGENGE NTIVUGURUZWA GANZA MAZIMPAKA GASANA

O/Cdt Frank O/Cdt Frank O/Cdt Fred O/Cdt Fred O/Cdt Gentile KAYITARE MUPENZI KABASHA RUGAMBA SHARANGABO

O/Cdt Geofrey O/Cdt Geofrey O/Cdt Innocent O/Cdt Ivan O/Cdt Ivan KADOZI KAMUHANDA NDUNGUTSE NKURIYINGOMA TURATSINZE

O/Cdt James O/Cdt Janet O/Cdt Jean Baptiste O/Cdt Jean Bosco O/Cdt Jean Claude AGABA KABARUNGI MUTIJIMA NIYONKURU NDOLI

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 72 magazine Rwanda Military Academy Officer Cadets Intake 02/16 Long social military sciences

O/Cdt Jean Paul O/Cdt Jonas N O/Cdt M Claire O/Cdt Maurice O/Cdt Mireille KWIZERA BUGENZI UWANYAGASANI NSHUTI UWERA

O/Cdt Raoul O/Cdt Redemptus O/Cdt Richard O/Cdt Sam O/Cdt Sam BAKAREKE KWITONDA IRADUKUNDA KAYUMBA MWEBESA

O/Cdt Valentin O/Cdt Valentine O/Cdt Vianney O/Cdt Wilson O/Cdt Yves SADIKI MUKESHIMANA SHYAKA MUSIME NSHIMIYIMANA

O/Cdt Desire O/Cdt Devotha RUTAGANZWA UWACU

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social military sciences

O/Cdt Fabrice O/Cdt Alex O/Cdt Alphonse O/Cdt Barnabas O/Cdt Blaise BIRARI REBERO NDIKUBWIMANA BAHENDA KANIMBA

O/Cdt Bright Ivan O/Cdt Callixte O/Cdt Chris O/Cdt Claudine O/Cdt Dan MIRENGE NSHUTI NZEYIMANA BUNYENYEZI MUKAKARISA KAYONGA

O/Cdt Daniel O/Cdt Danny O/Cdt Danny O/Cdt Denys O/Cdt David MURIGO KAMANZI KAYITARE TURIKUMWE KIVUNANGOMA

O/Cdt Egide O/Cdt Elias O/Cdt Elie O/Cdt Elisa O/Cdt Emmanuel NSANZE SHEMA NKUNDABOSE NGIRIMANA MUTANGANA FURAHA

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 74 magazine Rwanda Military Academy Officer Cadets Intake 03/17 Long social military sciences

O/Cdt Emmy O/Cdt Esperance O/Cdt Evariste O/Cdt Gabriel O/Cdt Felix MUGABO KANGABE KARENZI ISHIMWE MANITEZE

O/Cdt George O/Cdt Hellen O/Cdt Ismael O/Cdt Ivan M. O/Cdt Jackson NANSASIRA KAMASANYU NSHIMIYUMUKIZA RWAGASANA MUGISHA

O/Cdt James O/Cdt Jean D’Amour O/Cdt Jean O/Cdt Kevin O/Cdt Hadidja BASHAIJA UWITONZE YIBUKIRO Joshua NTABANA Josiane KUBWIMANA

O/Cdt Julius O/Cdt Leonard O/Cdt Lion O/Cdt Luther O/Cdt Moses SAFARI BIZIMANA HARERIMANA MUGISHA MUNYARWANDA

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social military sciences

O/Cdt Nicholas D. O/Cdt Pacifique O/Cdt Peace D. O/Cdt Rodgers O/Cdt Sam MANZI KABAHIZI GASHAYIJA MUGABE MUHWEZI

O/Cdt Schadrack O/Cdt Solange I. O/Cdt Steven O/Cdt Sunday O/Cdt Vedaste IRAKOZE KAGERUKA RUBIMBURA KAYONGA TWIZERIMANA

O/Cdt Venant O/Cdt Viera O/Cdt Vigny GISA O/Cdt Wilson TUYISHIME NKUBITO MUZERWA NDAYISENGA

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general Medicine

O/Cdt Alice O/Cdt Athanase O/Cdt Charmant O/Cdt Chrysostome O/Cdt David MUKASHYAKA YAMFASHIJE MUTABAZI NIYOBUHANGA CYUBAHIRO

O/Cdt Dieudonne O/Cdt Emmanuel O/Cdt Emmanuel O/Cdt Ernest O/Cdt Fabrice B NIYITANGA MUNYAZIKWIYE NSANZUMUHIRE NKURUNZIZA NDAHIGWA

O/Cdt Fidele O/Cdt Fred O/Cdt Steven O/Cdt Gentille O/Cdt Geofrey NSENGUMUREMYI RUTIKANGA KARUGENGE UWAMAHORO TUMWINE

O/Cdt Gloria O/Cdt Heritier Thierry O/Cdt Jean Baptiste O/Cdt Jean Bosco O/Cdt Jean D’Amour AGASARO NSHIZIRUNGU MUGABE MANISHIMWE ISHIMWE

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general Medicine

O/Cdt Jean De Dieu O/Cdt Julien Diderot O/Cdt Kevin O/Cdt Lambert O/Cdt Octave TUMUSIFU FURAHA MUTIJIMA MURWANASHYAKA CYUZUZO

O/Cdt Olivier O/Cdt Picos O/Cdt Regis O/Cdt Richard O/Cdt Shaban USANASE MWEBAZE MUDACYAHWA NZIRIMO MURISA

O/Cdt Valentin BYIRINGIRO

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Mechanical Engineering

O/Cdt Aline O/Cdt Elissa O/Cdt Elysee O/Cdt Emmanuel O/Cdt Emmy Diddy MUTONI RWIGAMBA MAZIMPAKA MUNYEMANA NTAGANIRA

O/Cdt Guy O/Cdt Irene O/Cdt Isaie O/Cdt Jacques O/Cdt Janvier MUTIMAWINGABO TUYISINGIZE SIBOMANA MUSABYIMANA MUDAHAKANA

O/Cdt Jean Noel O/Cdt Jean Paul O/Cdt Jimmy O/Cdt Johnson O/Cdt Obed MUSAFIRI DUSABANE RUTAGENGWA MANDELA IRAGENA

O/Cdt Simon O/Cdt Tito O/Cdt Yves O/Cdt Eloi Libert NSHIMIYIMANA NDIZEYE KARURANGA RUHANGARANKIKO

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A COMPANY

O/Cdt Jean Michel O/Cdt John O/Cdt Deogratias O/Cdt Patrick O/Cdt Robert RUDASESWA TURATSINZE BYAGATONDA SHEMA MUPENZI

O/Cdt Edmond O/Cdt Gustave O/Cdt Daniel O/Cdt Patrick O/Cdt Hertier TWATUMYE MUVUNYI IHORAHABONA IZERIMANA SANGWA

O/Cdt Alphonse O/Cdt Patient O/Cdt Ismael O/Cdt Queen O/Cdt Olive NIYIBAHO NKURUNZIZA MURWASHYAKA MUREKATETE UWIZEYE

O/Cdt Jolie O/Cdt Irene O/Cdt Liliose O/Cdt Yvonne O/Cdt Alex UMUTESI KIRUNGI MUKASHYAKA NTAKIRUTIMANA TURATSINZE

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A COMPANY

O/Cdt Alice O/Cdt Rosemary O/Cdt Janvier O/Cdt Claudine O/Cdt Christine KAYESU NYINAWUMUNTU NDATIMANA TUYISHIMIRE KANTAMAGE

O/Cdt Augustin O/Cdt Damascene O/Cdt Jean Claude O/Cdt Camille O/Cdt Yves TUYISENGE NDACYAYISENGA NGABIRINDA NAHIMANA MUGABE

O/Cdt Geofrey O/Cdt Pacifique O/Cdt Pascal O/Cdt Alex O/Cdt Jean KAMANZI IRADUKUNDA NTAMBARA MIGISHA NSIGAYE NIYOYAVUZE

O/Cdt Sefu O/Cdt Fridolin O/Cdt Celestin O/Cdt Hermenegilde O/Cdt Samuel NTAGANIRA NGABO NIYONSENGA ITANGAKUBWAYO BARAKA

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A COMPANY

O/Cdt Djamal O/Cdt Serge O/Cdt Jean Claude O/Cdt O/Cdt Patrick NIHABWIKUZO DUSINGIZIMANA NGABOYISONGA HATEGEKIMANA KWIZERA

O/Cdt Innocent O/Cdt Elissa O/Cdt Joel O/Cdt Benoit O/Cdt Christian NSHIMIYIMANA DUSENGIMANA NDARUHUTSE RWANDEKEZI UWAYO

O/ Cdt Gilbert O/Cdt Benoit O/Cdt Patrick O/Cdt Kelia Elyse O/Cdt Patience NDIZEYE KAYIRANGA ISHIMWE MBABAZI RUGWIRO

O/Cdt Asman O/Cdt Divine O/Cdt Jean O/Cdt Emmy O/Cdt JMV NIYONKURU UWAJENEZA MWIKARAGO MUNDENDE CYENGE NZAYISENGA

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A COMPANY

O/Cdt Epaphrodite O/Cdt Eric O/Cdt Johnson O/Cdt Claude O/Cdt Kasim TWAGIRAMUNGU NSABIMANA KAYONGA IRADUKUNDA MUTABAZI

O/Cdt Feston O/Cdt Isaie O/Cdt Amani O/Cdt Kevin O/Cdt Olivier MUKOTANYI RUKUNDO ABDARAH GAHIGIRO NIZEYIMANA

O/Cdt Tresor O/Cdt K Robert O/Cdt Telesphole O/Cdt Vianney O/Cdt Jean Baptiste MURASANYI MICO MUDATINYA NDAYAMBAJE MURENZI HABINEZA

O/Cdt Alexis O/Cdt Jimmy O/Cdt Gracien O/Cdt Valens O/Cdt Richard RUTAGENGWA RUKUNDO IRADUKUNDA IMANIZABAYO MUHOZA

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 83 Officer Cadets Intake 09/20 One Year

A COMPANY

O/Cdt Janvier O/Cdt Guerschon O/Cdt Erasto O/Cdt Deogratias O/Cdt J.Baptiste MUTABARUKA NDAYISABA NDAYISHIMIYE MITERERI TUYIZERE

O/Cdt Valentin O/Cdt Eric O/Cdt Ezechiel O/Cdt Issa O/Cdt Patrick MANIZABAYO SHUMBUSHO KANKIRIHO KABERA MUGABO

O/Cdt Aime O/Cdt Kennedy O/Cdt MOSES O/Cdt Jacques O/Cdt Fabrice RUGERINYANGE KALISA AGABA BIHOZAGARA HABIMANA

O/Cdt Jean Claude O/Cdt Jean Bosco O/Cdt Eric O/Cdt Timothe O/Cdt Kenneth TWIRINGIYEMUNGU HABUMUREMYI HABIYAREMYE RINGUYENEZA TUMWINE

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A COMPANY

O/Cdt Augustin O/Cdt Angelo O/Cdt Justin O/Cdt Joseph O/Cdt Angelique MUSAFIRI HAKIZIMANA IRADUKUNDA NYARWAYA NYIRARUKUNDO

O/Cdt vincent O/Cdt Deus O/ C dt Olivier R . O/ C dt Fabrice O/ C dt Orsel Bugingo SHYAKA BIZUMUREMYI DUSINGIZIMANA KAMALI SHEMA Cedric

O/Cdt Eraston O/Cdt J.Damascene O/Cdt Patrick O/Cdt Jean de Dieu O/Cdt Fidel MUHIRE MBARUSHIMANA UFITINEMA MUGIRANEZA TUGIRIMANA

O/Cdt James O/Cdt J. de Lacroix O/Cdt Yoweri KARANGWA AKIRADAWE KAGINA

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 85 Officer Cadets Intake 09/20 One Year

B COMPANY

O/Cdt Jean Baptiste O/Cdt Therese O/Cdt Emmy O/Cdt Prince Nshuti O/Cdt Confiance HABIMANA MUKASAKINDI RUTINDUKA INCUNGU MUKASHYAKA

O/Cdt John O/Cdt Jean Eric O/Cdt Joel O/Cdt Donath O/Cdt Tharcisse BAGIRISHYA NIYOBUHUNGIRO TEGEREZIMANA TUYISENGE NZAYISENGA

O/Cdt Emmanuel O/Cdt Fred O/Cdt Darius O/Cdt Fidel O/Cdt Emmanuel BYIRINGIRO MUGABE RUGAMBA DUSHIMIMANA TUYISHIMIRE

O/Cdt Jean Marie O/Cdt Issa O/Cdt Shema O/Cdt Alphonse O/Cdt Sincere Vianney NAHIMANA NIYONSENGA NKURUNZIZA TWIZEYIMANA DUFATANYE

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B COMPANY

O/Cdt Thierry O/Cdt Tresor O/Cdt Emmanuel O/Cdt Alexandre O/Cdt Gad TURAHIRWA IRADUKUNDA RUKUNDO NIYONIZEYE NGABONZIZA

O/Cdt Alex O/Cdt Olivier O/Cdt Donath O/Cdt Theogene O/Cdt Egide NTAGANZWA MFITUMUKIZA NGENDAHIMANA MURERA TUYIZERE

O/Cdt Bernard O/Cdt Yves O/Cdt Nkurunziza O/Cdt Jean O/Cdt Jean Bosco NDAYAMBAJE MURWANASHYAKA MPIRWA BIMENYIMANA UWITONZE

O/Cdt Aimable O/Cdt Denys O/Cdt Isaac Prince O/Cdt Fred O/Cdt Didier KWIZERA HABINSHUTI NGOGA RUSANGANWA KALISA

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 87 Officer Cadets Intake 09/20 One Year

B COMPANY

O/Cdt Moise O/Cdt Rodrigue O/Cdt Barick O/Cdt Sam O/Cdt Theogene MATESO MUHOZA NTIRUSHWA SHYAKA KANYARWANDA

O/Cdt Sam O/Cdt Francine O/Cdt Eto’o Fils O/Cdt Bosco O/Cdt Olivier Kalimba SABITI UWINEZA CYUZUZO MUNEZERO NGUTABARE

O/Cdt James O/Cdt Alexis O/Cdt Innocent O/Cdt Dieudonne O/Cdt Joseph MAHUNGIRO SIBOMANA NSHIMIYIMANA UWIMANA DUSENGE

O/Cdt Cedrick O/Cdt Japhet O/Cdt Vincent O/Cdt Martin O/Cdt Gilbert NIYONKURU GIRAMAHORO NSHIMIYIMANA KARANGWA MUGIRANEZA

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the 88 magazine Rwanda Military Academy Officer Cadets Intake 09/20 One Year

B COMPANY

O/Cdt Geraldine O/Cdt Jean Paul O/Cdt Fabrice O/Cdt Olivier O/Cdt Allen NIYOMUKESHA BARAKOMEZA BAKOMEZA TUYISHIME NUWAHEREZA

O/Cdt Frank O/Cdt Prince O/Cdt Annet O/Cdt Jean Luc O/Cdt Francis NZAMURAMBAHO KAMANZI MUTESI HABYARIMANA NIYOMUGABO

O/Cdt Allain O/Cdt Adrien O/Cdt Claudine O/Cdt Diane O/Cdt Patrick MANZI NSANZABANDI UWIDUHAYE UMUTONIWASE RUKUNDO

O/Cdt Lydia O/Cdt James O/Cdt Felix O/Cdt Eric O/Cdt Vincent IKIREZI GAKUMBA HABIMANA NDIHOKUBWAYO KAYIHURA

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 89 Officer Cadets Intake 09/20 One Year

B COMPANY

O/Cdt J. L. Nishimwe O/Cdt Emely O/Cdt Egide O/Cdt Pacifique O/Cdt Justine NDAYISABA MUTSINZI MUSANA UWITIJE UMURERWA

O/Cdt Eric O/Cdt Celestin O/Cdt Akissa O/Cdt Pascal O/Cdt Paul Maldini SHUMBUSHO MUGABO UTETIWABO HARERIMANA HANYURWIMFURA

O/Cdt Etienne O/Cdt Alphonse O/Cdt Naomi O/Cdt Emmy O/Cdt Issa NDAYISHIMIYE KAGABO AGAHOZO ITURIZE NGABITSINZE

O/Cdt Frank O/Cdt Nelson O/Cdt J. Damascene O/Cdt Mutabazi O/Cdt Eugene TURATSINZE NGORORANO HAGENIMANA HABIYAREMYE KUBWIMANA

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B COMPANY

O/Cdt David O/Cdt Isaac O/Cdt Paul O/Cdt Eric O/Cdt Peter KAYIRANGA IRANKUNDA MWUMVANEZA NKOTANYI MURARI

O/Cdt Venuste O/Cdt Derrick O/Cdt Cyprien O/Cdt Elie O/Cdt Egide NTAGANDA MUTABAZI UWIRAGIYE REBERO KAMANA

O/Cdt Papias O/Cdt Serge O/Cdt Wilson O/Cdt Jean de Dieu O/Cdt Eric SERUTEJA ISHIMWE ALSEN NTAZINDA NGAMIJE

O/Cdt Benjamin O/Cdt Augustin O/Cdt Godfrey O/Cdt L. Kwizera O/Cdt J. C. O/Cdt Patrick INGIRIYIBANGA MUTIJIMA MUKOTANYI GASHAIJA NIYIBIZI TUGUME

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 91 Officer Cadets Intake 09/20 One Year

C COMPANY

O/Cdt Ariane O/Cdt Fabien O/Cdt Thèogene O/Cdt Brian O/Cdt Desire SUGIRA TURAMYIMANA MURENZI IRADUKUNDA KARANGWA

O/Cdt Fabrice O/Cdt Robert O/Cdt Gad O/Cdt Leonora O/Cdt Herve SHUMBUSHO MUGABE MAYINDO IRADUKUNDA MUTABARUKA

O/Cdt Emmanuel O/Cdt Fred O/Cdt Charles O/Cdt Ferdinand O/Cdt Augustin NYANTABA KAMUGISHA SHEMA NIYITEGEKA HABIMANA

O/Cdt Josephine O/Cdt Jacques O/Cdt J Paul O/Cdt Albert O/Cdt Yannick UZAMUKUNDA KARIHUNGU NIYOMUGABO HABUMUGISHA GACINYA

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C COMPANY

O/Cdt Aaron O/Cdt Pacificque O/Cdt Michel O/Cdt Faustin O/Cdt Divine KAYIRANGA AHIMANA MUHINDA HAKAMINEZA MUKASHEMA

O/Cdt Steven O/Cdt Benjamin O/Cdt Claude O/Cdt Didier O/Cdt Lionel KANYARWANDA NSHUTI IRANZI NIYONKURU GIRISHYA

O/Cdt Donatha O/Cdt Yves Clement O/Cdt Jacques O/Cdt James O/Cdt Ronald MUTESI UMUHIRE SHYAKA MUSHI NZARURINDA RUTAYISIRE

O/Cdt Samuel O/Cdt Cyprien O/Cdt Jean Steve O/Cdt Samuel O/Cdt Pacifique GAFUREKA NYANDWI KIJULI ISHIMWE BYIRINGIRO NDAYISHIMIYE

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C COMPANY

O/Cdt Eric O/Cdt Patrick O/Cdt Christophe O/Cdt Jane O/Cdt Jean d’Amour HITIMANA MUHOZA VUGUZIGA NATAMBA BIZIMUNGU

O/Cdt Aline O/Cdt Enrick O/Cdt Olivier O/Cdt JMV O/Cdt David BAHATI UWOKWIZERWA KANYAMAHANGA NZAYISENGA TWAHIRWA

O/Cdt Jean Baptiste O/Cdt Justin O/Cdt Annick O/Cdt Jean Claude O/Cdt Olivier NDAYISHIMIYE MUDACUMURA NGABIRANO RUKUNDO NGABO

O/Cdt Emmanuel O/Cdt Joseph O/Cdt Dieudonne O/Cdt Samuel O/Cdt Emmanuel TIZINEZA NDAYAMBAJE BIZUMUREMYI NGABONZIZA ISHIMWE

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C COMPANY

O/Cdt Wellars O/Cdt JMV O/Cdt Desire O/Cdt Jackson O/Cdt Iblahim DUSENGE KALISA MANZI NSENGIYUMVA GATETE

O/Cdt Edmond O/Cdt Daniel O/Cdt Emmanuel O/CDT David O/Cdt James GASHEGU NSHIMIYIMANA TWIZERIMANA RUGAMBA NTAMBARA

O/Cdt Vital O/Cdt P Clever O/Cdt Fidèle O/Cdt Jacky O/Cdt Edward IRADUKUNDA NDAYISABA UDAHEMUKA MUKASHYAKA NDAHIRO

O/Cdt Samuel O/Cdt J Paul O/Cdt Jonathan O/Cdt Elie O/Cdt Noel MINANI NISINGIZWE GASAMAZA NIBISHAKA NSHIMIYIMANA

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 95 Officer Cadets Intake 09/20 One Year

C COMPANY

O/Cdt M. Gorette O/Cdt James O/Cdt Lambert O/Cdt Grace O/Cdt Eugène MUREKATETE NKOTANYI NYIRIMANA MUTONI IRADUKUNDA

O/Cdt Emmerson O/Cdt François O/Cdt Emmanuel O/Cdt Jean Bosco O/Cdt Augustin TUYAMBAZE MUTSINZI HARERIMANA DUSENGUMURMYI MUPENZI

O/Cdt Constantin O/Cdt Richard O/Cdt Didier O/Cdt Jean Paul O/Cdt Jean Claude KAYITARE NGARAMBE RUTWAZA NIYOMUGABO NIZEYIMANA

O/Cdt Olly Kevin O/Cdt Joshua O/Cdt Samuel O/Cdt Jean d’Amour O/Cdt Erneste MUGABO SAFARI UMWIZERWA MBONIGENA NDIKURUGENDO

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C COMPANY

O/Cdt J. S. Shema O/Cdt Aaron O/Cdt Anitha O/Cdt Eric O/Cdt Moses O/Cdt J.D.D. K. NTEZIRYAYO BUGINGO UMUTONIWASE MWEBAZE MUNYANEZA DUSHIMIMANA

O/Cdt Athanase O/Cdt Christian O/Cdt Eric O/Cdt Joseph O/Cdt Thèogene O/Cdt Aaron NSENGIYUMVA MUGISHA BWANACYEYE KABAYIZA KUBWIMANA NIYODUSENGA

O/Cdt Amza O/Cdt Joseph O/Cdt Derrick O/Cdt Jean O/Cdt Alex O/Cdt J d’Amour MUNYABUGINGO NDAYIKESHA MUVUNYI NDAYISHIMIYE UWIHANGANYE HABIYAREMYE

O/Cdt Kevin O/Cdt T. O/Cdt J. B. O/Cdt J. C. O/Cdt Steven O/Cdt Olivier KAMABANO BAYINGANA UWIZEYIMANA MUKUNZI SHYAKA DUKURIKIYUMUKIZA

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D COMPANY

O/Cdt Moses O/Cdt Alphonse O/Cdt Peter O/Cdt Christian O/Cdt Bosco MURIISA RUCOGOZA NSHIMIYE MUGISHA NGOGA

O/Cdt Alex O/Cdt Eliab O/Cdt Heritier O/Cdt Eric O/Cdt Solange BUKAYIRE NSHIMYUMUKIZA RUTIKANGA DUSENGIMANA IRADUKUNDA

O/Cdt Pascal O/cdt Scovia O/Cdt Josiane O/Cdt Marry O/Cdt Aurea ISHIMWE MUKASHEMA INGABIRE INGABIRE TUYIZERE

O/Cdt Clementine O/Cdt Joana O/Cdt Sylivia O/Cdt Jean Claude O/Cdt Emmy MUKESHARUGO NAGAWA UMWALI MUTABAZI BAHIZI

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D COMPANY

O/Cdt Frolence O/Cdt Leopord O/Cdt Ibrahim O/Cdt Martin O/Cdt Cedrick UWAYISENGA ABIZEYIMANA MANIRABARUTA SHUMBUSHO MUTABAZI

O/Cdt Audace O/Cdt Anastase O/Cdt Patrick O/Cdt Mickey O/Cdt Joseline KWIZERA NIZEYIMANA MUJIJI NZABAMWITA ABIJURU

O/Cdt Patrick O/Cdt Reagan O/Cdt Furaha M O/Cdt John H O/Cdt Irene SHUMBUSHO BAZATSINDA BIGIRIMANA MUTSINZI UWIRINGIYIMANA

O/Cdt Jean Pierre O/Cdt David O/Cdt Jean de Dieu O/Cdt Jean Claude O/Cdt Jean Daniel TUYIZERE NSHIMIYIMANA MUNYEMANA NDAYISHIMIYE MANISHIMWE

knowledge - duty - honor the source Official Publication of the magazine Rwanda Military Academy 99 Officer Cadets Intake 09/20 One Year

D COMPANY

O/Cdt Paterne O/Cdt Francis O/Cdt Valens O/Cdt Josue O/Cdt Placidus NAHAYO NSHIMYUMUREMYI RURANGWA KAYITARE IZABAYO

O/Cdt Seraphin O/Cdt Jean Irene O/Cdt Aime O/Cdt Nicolas O/Cdt Philbert IRAFASHA IRADUKUNDA MBARUSHIMANA TUYISHIME NTAKIRUTIMANA

O/Cdt Innocent O/Cdt Jean Reponse O/Cdt Desire O/Cdt Jean Pierre O/Cdt Evariste NTWARI IYAKAREMYE BARAKA DUSENGE NGORORANO

O/Cdt Eric O/Cdt Augustin O/Cdt Divin O/Cdt Vincent O/Cdt Anthony MANZI RAFIKI NIYONGERE TUYISHIME NOHERI

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D COMPANY

O/Cdt Guylain O/Cdt Fredinard O/Cdt Theoneste O/Cdt Jean claude O/Cdt Peace NGABONZIZA NTAGANIRA MUSABIREMA RUKIRAMAKUBA MUGANWA

O/Cdt Dorothy O/Cdt Jean Paul O/Cdt Sadock O/Cdt Jean Yves O/Cdt Jean de Dieu NIYONSHUTI MUJYAMBERE TURATSINZE HABIMANA RUSHEMA

O/Cdt Joseph O/Cdt Jean Pierre O/Cdt Leo Patrick O/Cdt IZABAYO O/Cdt Valens KARIBUSHI TUYIZERE HATEGEKIMANA MUVARA

O/Cdt Herve O/Cdt Nicolas O/Cdt Charles O/Cdt Olivier O/Cdt Laurent Kevin NIYOMWUNGERI VUGUZIGA ASIIMWE NIYONSHUTI ISIMBI

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D COMPANY

O/Cdt Prince O/Cdt Innocent O/Cdt Emmanuel O/Cdt Eric O/Cdt Emmanuel MUVUNYI KWIRINGIRA NIYOMUHOZA MUTUYIMANA NIYONIZERA

O/Cdt Robert O/Cdt James O/Cdt Egide O/Cdt Serge O/Cdt Alex SHYAKA NGABOYISONGA KANYAMBO RURANGWA NSENGIYUMVA

O/Cdt Richard O/Cdt Gilbert O/Cdt Jackson O/Cdt Theoneste O/Cdt Isaac MUGAMBIRA NSHIZIRUNGU IYARWEMA AMANI NIKOYABISHATSE

O/Cdt Olivier O/Cdt Augustin O/Cdt Christophe O/Cdt Joseph O/Cdt Rodrigue NSENGIYUMVA KAMANA NTAMBARA NSENGIYUMVA NSHIMIYIMANA

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D COMPANY

O/Cdt Jean de Dieu O/Cdt Emmanuel O/Cdt Jean OLIVIER O/Cdt Innocent O/Cdt Serge Gisa GATSINZI BAZATSINDA NDASHIMYE KIMENYI MURENZI

O/Cdt Jean Claude O/Cdt Vanily O/Cdt Fred O/Cdt Jean Bosco O/Cdt Samuel Victor TUYISHIME NGARAMBE SAKINDI MUNYANEZA MUGISHA

O/Cdt Philbert O/Cdt Yusufu O/Cdt Arsene O/Cdt Jean Bosco O/Cdt Samuel NDAYIZEYE SAFARI SAFARI NSIGAYE IMANI

O/Cdt Emery O/Cdt Adrien O/Cdt Innocent O/Cdt Enock O/Cdt Eric O/Cdt Jean Pierre SAFI SIBOMANA MUPENZI MFITUMUKIZA KABAGAMBE UWIRAGIYE

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CAPTIONS

1 Academic block 2 Cadets’ Hostel

2 3 3 External look of the auditorium 4 NCO’s Apartment 5 Officers’ Apartment

4 5 Rwanda Military Academy P.O.Box 05 Nyamata Email: [email protected] [email protected]