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WATCH February 2019 Foreign News & Perspectives of the Operational Environment
community.apan.org/wg/tradoc-g2/fmso/ Foreign Military Studies Office Volume 9 Issue #2 OEWATCH February 2019 FOREIGN NEWS & PERSPECTIVES OF THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT EURASIA INDO-PACIFIC 3 Radios in the Russian Ground Forces 21 Chinese Military Launches Largest-Ever Joint Logistics 50 IRGC: Iran Can Extend Ballistic Missile Range 5 Northern Fleet Will Receive Automated C&C System Exercise 51 Turkey to Create Space Agency Integrating Air, Land and Sea 23 Luo Yuan Describes an Asymmetric Approach to Weaken 52 Iran’s Army Aviation Gets UAV Unit 6 The Inflatable Sentry the United States 53 Turkey to Sell ATAK Helicopters to the Philippines 7 The S-350 Vityaz Air Defense System 25 Military-Civil Fusion Cooperation in China Grows in the 54 Chinese Military and Commercial Cooperation with Tunisia 8 Bigger is Better: The T-80BVM Tank Modernization Field of Logistics 10 The Power Struggle for Control of Russia’s Arctic 27 Chinese Military Completes Release of New Set of Military AFRICA 11 The Arctic Will Have Prominent Role in 2019 Operational- Training Regulations 55 Anger in Sudan: Large Protests Against al-Bashir Regime Strategic Exercise “Center” 28 China Defends Xinjiang Program 56 Africa: Trouble Spots to Watch in 2019 12 Preparation for the 2019 Army International Games 29 Is Pakistan Acquiring Russian Tanks? 57 Can Businessmen Bring Peace in Gao, Mali? 13 Cossacks – Hybrid Defense Forces 30 Russia to Deploy Additional Anti-Ship Missile Batteries 58 Chinese Weapons in Rwanda 14 Update on Military Church Construction Near Japan by 2020 -
Patronage and Military Entrenchment in the National Economy
Patronage and Military entrenchment in the national economy THE PRESIDENT’S MEN: Zimbabwe’s Service Chiefs are suspected to have played a key role during the election.-zimbabweinpictures.com This week, we continue with publishing and controlling ownership of the means as platinum and gold mining. This section edited excerpts from a report published hrough an elaborate patronage of production. The military, through po- examines the extent to which ZANU-PF’s by the Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition titled system established to reward OLWLFDOSDWURQDJHKDVEHFRPHDVLJQLÀFDQW political patronage has entrenched the The Military Factor in Zimbabwe’s Politi- SDUWLVDQ VHQLRU PLOLWDU\ RIÀ- part of the domestic bourgeoisie class and military in national economic affairs and cal and Electoral Affairs. Below is Chapter cials and keep them loyal to many top commanders have teamed up the likely impact on electoral processes. 5 of the report which looks at how service TZANU-PF and to President Mugabe, the with politicians and businessmen to form Retired and serving senior military chiefs are being handsomely rewarded for military has increasingly played central political and economic interest groups RIÀFHUVKDYHLQWKHUHFHQWSDVWEHHQDS their role in maintaining the status quo. and critical role in directing production venturing into lucrative businesses such Continued on Page 3 The Bottom Line is Economic Empowerment “I believe that if we solve the Now the issue is that Zimbabwe- see is for the South African gov- opment Chamber we tell people, are campaigning for elections. economic problems then other ans come to South Africa look- ernment to give the Zimbabwean ´<RXFDQEHWKHHPSOR\HUUDWKHU In Zimbabwe people are dying. -
The Mortal Remains: Succession and the Zanu Pf Body Politic
THE MORTAL REMAINS: SUCCESSION AND THE ZANU PF BODY POLITIC Report produced for the Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum by the Research and Advocacy Unit [RAU] 14th July, 2014 1 CONTENTS Page No. Foreword 3 Succession and the Constitution 5 The New Constitution 5 The genealogy of the provisions 6 The presently effective law 7 Problems with the provisions 8 The ZANU PF Party Constitution 10 The Structure of ZANU PF 10 Elected Bodies 10 Administrative and Coordinating Bodies 13 Consultative For a 16 ZANU PF Succession Process in Practice 23 The Fault Lines 23 The Military Factor 24 Early Manoeuvring 25 The Tsholotsho Saga 26 The Dissolution of the DCCs 29 The Power of the Politburo 29 The Powers of the President 30 The Congress of 2009 32 The Provincial Executive Committee Elections of 2013 34 Conclusions 45 Annexures Annexure A: Provincial Co-ordinating Committee 47 Annexure B : History of the ZANU PF Presidium 51 2 Foreword* The somewhat provocative title of this report conceals an extremely serious issue with Zimbabwean politics. The theme of succession, both of the State Presidency and the leadership of ZANU PF, increasingly bedevils all matters relating to the political stability of Zimbabwe and any form of transition to democracy. The constitutional issues related to the death (or infirmity) of the President have been dealt with in several reports by the Research and Advocacy Unit (RAU). If ZANU PF is to select the nominee to replace Robert Mugabe, as the state constitution presently requires, several problems need to be considered. The ZANU PF nominee ought to be selected in terms of the ZANU PF constitution. -
Cabo Ligado Monthly: July 2021 July Monthly: Ligado Cabo 16 August 2021 16 August with Insurgents in 22 Recorded Armed Clashes, Resulting in 95 Reported Fatalities
OBSERVATORY CONFLICT CONFLICT 16 August 2021 Cabo Ligado Monthly: July 2021 Cabo Ligado — or ‘connected cape’ — is a Mozambique conflict observatory launched by ACLED, Zitamar News, and Mediafax. VITAL STATS • ACLED records 38 organized political violence events in July, resulting in 134 fatalities • Events took place in Ibo, Macomia, Mocimboa da Praia, Montepuez, Muidumbe, Nangade, and Palma districts VITAL TRENDS • Rwandan troops arrived in Cabo Delgado in July and quickly entered the fray; they were involved in 10 recorded organized political violence events resulting in 73 reported fatalities • Violence in Mocimboa da Praia district jumped sharply as Rwandan and Mozambican troops undertook an offensive that ultimately resulted in the re-taking of Mocimboa da Praia town in early August • Fighting also continued in Palma district, as Rwandan and Mozambican troops worked to clear the ar- eas around Palma town and the route from Palma to Nangade of insurgents IN THIS REPORT • Analysis of KiSwahili-language Islamic State propaganda streams and their relationship to the Cabo Delgado conflict • Explanation of the origins and functions of pro-government local militias in Cabo Delgado • Examination of the combat record and political position of Rwanda in the Cabo Delgado conflict • Update on international involvement in Cabo Delgado with a focus on how costs and responsibilities will be divided up between SADC member states in the SADC Standby Force mission JULY SITUATION SUMMARY In July 2021, the Cabo Delgado conflict became internationalized to an unprecedented extent. Rwandan troops entered the fray at the Mozambican government’s behest, sending police and military forces to assist the Mozambican counterinsurgency effort. -
Rwanda Defence Force
RWANDA DEFENCE FORCE THE ORAGANISATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF EACH OF MILIATRY SERVICES OF THE RWANDA DEFENCE FORCES COMPOSITION OF RWANDA DEFENCE FORCES The Rwanda Defence Forces refers to the unified force including the Army Service, the Air Force Service and the Reserve Force service. The Army and Air Force Services comprise of regular forces enrolled for full time service. The Reserve Force refers to a part-time military service of the Rwanda Defence Forces that may be recalled whenever necessary to operate alongside the active services. LEADERSHIP OF RWANDA DEFENCE FORCES The Rwanda Defence Forces leadership includes the following: 1° The Commander-in-Chief of Rwanda Defence Forces; 2° The Minister of Defence; RESPONSIBILITIES OF CHIEFS OF STAFF AND THEIR DEPUTIES 1. Responsibilities of the Army Chief of Staff 2. Responsibilities of the Air Force Chief of Staff 3. Responsibilities of the Reserve Force Chief of Staff 4. Responsibility of Deputy Chiefs of Staff JOINT RWANDA DEFENCE FORCES INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES Military institutions directly under authority of the Minister of Defence Military Units, Departments and Institutions directly under authority of the Chief of Defence Staff Military Units, Departments and Institutions placed directly under the Chief of Defence Staffs CATEGORIES OF JOINT GENERAL STAFF 1. Responsibilities of the Joint General Staff one (J1) 2. Responsibilities of the Joint General Staff two (J2) 3. Responsibilities of the Joint General Staff three (J3) 4. Responsibilities of the Joint General Staff four (J4) 5. Responsibilities of the Joint General Staff five (J5) THE LOGISTIC COMMAND 1. The Medical Command 2. Communication and Information Systems Command 3. -
Evaluation of Sida's Support to Peacebuilding in Conflict and Post
2019:4 Sida Evaluation Cécile Collin Evaluation of Sida’s Support to Peacebuilding in Conflict and Post-Conflict Contexts Rwanda Country Report Author: Cécile Collin The views and interpretations expressed in this report are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect those of the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Sida. Sida Evaluation 2019:4 Commissioned by Sida, Department for Asia, Middle East and Humanitarian Assistance, Peace and Human Security Unit. Published by: Sida, 2019 Copyright: Sida and the author Date of final report: 2019-01-11 Layout by: Nordic Morning Art.no.: Sida62213en URN:NBN: urn:nbn:se:sida-62213en This publication can be downloaded/ordered from www.Sida.se/publications Forewo rd Violent conflicts lead to immense suffering, constitute major obstacles to develop- ment and prevent people from escaping poverty. While poverty is generally decreas- ing on a global level, people living in poverty are increasingly concentrated to fragile countries affected by conflict. Today, there is a broad consensus within the interna- tional community on the need to invest in peacebuilding and conflict prevention to reach the Global Goals. As a response, Sida is increasingly focusing support to coun- tries affected by conflict. Support to peacebuilding is not new. Sida has been engaged in conflict and post- conflict countries since the agency was established. Often, the devastating effects of conflict, and in its aftermath, the prospects of supporting the development towards more peaceful inclusive societies, has been the very reason for Swedish engagement. In other contexts, support to peacebuilding has been more indirect through engage- ment in sectors and areas of support far beyond projects supporting conflict resolution and dialogue. -
Assessing the Contribution of Military in Peace Building in Africa: Case Study Rwanda (1994-2016)
UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI INSTITUTE OF DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES ASSESSING THE CONTRIBUTION OF MILITARY IN PEACE BUILDING IN AFRICA: CASE STUDY RWANDA (1994-2016) MPAGAZE Anthony Baguma Reg. No: R47/8917/2017 SUPERVISOR: Col (Dr) Steven HANDA RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN STRATEGIC STUDIES. DECEMBER 2018 DECLARATION This research project is my own original work and it has never been presented for examination in any other university or any other award. All materials from other sources have been acknowledged appropriately. Name: MPAGAZE Anthony BAGUMA Registration No: R47/8917/2017 Signature: ___________________________ Date: ___________________________ The project has been submitted for examination with our approval as the University Supervisor. Name: Dr Steven HANDA Signature: ___________________________Date: _____________________________ i DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my beloved parents for their guidance ever since my childhood which became a strong base that propelled me to undertake this academic journey. My success is built on the foundation you gave me. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank God for the gift of life given into me throughout this course. Secondly I wish to pay special tribute to my family especially my wife Susan Asiimwe and our children, Nyemina Jordan, Beza Georgia and Mpagaze Josh for their understanding, sacrifice, perseverance, patience and moral support given to me during the course. I pledge to dedicate more time to them in the future. I wish to extend my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Steven HANDA without his intellectual guidance and support it would have been difficult to complete this task. -
International Humanitarian Law Nicholas Tsagourias , Alasdair Morrison Frontmatter More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09059-0 — International Humanitarian Law Nicholas Tsagourias , Alasdair Morrison Frontmatter More Information International Humanitarian Law Cases, Materials and Commentary Drawing together key documents, case law, reports and other essential materials, International Humanitarian Law offers students, lecturers and practitioners an access- ible and critically informed account of the theory, law and practice of international humanitarian law. Providing comprehensive, thematic and targeted coverage of national and international cases and materials, this book successfully balances doctrine with practical application to help readers understand how the theories are applied in practice and navigate through jurisprudence with ease. Employing a critical and targeted commentary throughout, this book also helps readers to better understand the implications of the law and the challenges facing international humanitarian law today including: • Cyber war • Detention • Direct participation in hostilities • Human rights in armed conflict • Terrorism Suitable for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students and practitioners, International Humanitarian Law offers a thematic and comprehensive treatment of the subject. Nicholas Tsagourias is Professor of International Law at the University of Sheffield. He is also on the editorial board for the Journal of Conflict and Security Law and was a member of the Cyber Terrorism Group of the International Law Association. Alasdair Morrison was an Army Legal Services Officer until -
The Business-Security Complex and the Transition in Zimbabwe
The Security-military Business Complex and the Transition in Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Institute Discussion Paper: June 2008 Abstract The military has over the last few years expanded and consolidated its position in both the politics and the economy of Zimbabwe. The Zimbabwe army now virtually controls the major institutions of the state and formal policy making structures and processes of the country. Through their role in the Joint Operations Command- a group of the Army, Police, Prisons and the Central Intelligence Organisation heads which meets regularly to coordinate military and security affairs, serving and retired military and other security officials have come to direct all key national and governance issues rather than the cabinet. On the economic front, the military has increasingly played an important role in both directing production and ownership of the means of production. The military has become a significant part of the domestic bourgeoisie class and many top commanders have teamed up with politicians and businessmen to form political and economic interest groups venturing into lucrative business ventures, such as platinum and gold mining. The military is now deeply engrained in the in political and economical affairs of the country that whatever transitional deal has to be undertaken has to take into consideration the political and economic interests of this important constituency. The increased role of the army in politics since the late 1990s strongly suggests that the military leadership would be an important power broker whose opinion will have to be sought on any political deal to be concluded. Equally, all other parties would need to get the army to underwrite any agreement if it were to be effective and lasting. -
“All Thieves Must Be Killed” Extrajudicial Executions in Western Rwanda WATCH
HUMAN RIGHTS “All Thieves Must Be Killed” Extrajudicial Executions in Western Rwanda WATCH “All Thieves Must Be Killed” Extrajudicial Executions in Western Rwanda Copyright © 2017 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-34990 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org JULY 2017 ISBN: 978-1-6231-34990 “All Thieves Must Be Killed” Extrajudicial Executions in Western Rwanda Map of Rubavu .................................................................................................................... I Map of Rutsiro .................................................................................................................... II Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 Recommendations -
Unclassified DCD/DAC(2017)22/FINAL
Unclassified DCD/DAC(2017)22/FINAL Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 20-Oct-2017 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________ English - Or. English DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION DIRECTORATE DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE Unclassified DCD/DAC(2017)22/FINAL ODA CASEBOOK ON CONFLICT, PEACE AND SECURITY ACTIVITIES The Development Assistance Committee has agreed to revise the Casebook on Conflict, Peace and Security Activities [DCD/DAC(2007)20/REV1], in accordance with the updated ODA reporting directives. This work follows the agreement reached at the DAC High Level Meeting (HLM) in February 2016. The examples are meant to illustrate the application of the eligibility rules agreed by the DAC. They will facilitate the assessment of the eligibility of similar cases in future. The Casebook was circulated to the DAC for approval under a written procedure in September 2017. This final version includes minor edits to improve the readability of cases and the alignment of the description of the eligibility assessment with the Directives. In addition, previous cases 26, 34, 36, 37 and 52 were removed as one member disagreed with the eligibility assessment. The cases are also available online in an ODA-eligibility database that will regularly be updated with new cases on different topics as and when they arise: see http://oe.cd/oda-eligibility-database/. Ms. Marloes Smeets ; Ms. Valérie Gaveau ([email protected]); Ms. Julia Benn ([email protected]) English JT03421264 - This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the Or. -
The Republic of Rwanda Us$620000000
THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA U.S.$620,000,000 5.500 per cent. Notes due 2031 Issue Price: 100 per cent. The issue price of the U.S.$620,000,000 5.500 per cent. Notes due 2031 (the “Notes”) of the Republic of Rwanda (“Rwanda”, the “Republic” or the “Issuer”) is 100 per cent. of their principal amount. Unless previously redeemed or purchased and cancelled the Notes will be redeemed at their principal amount on 9 August 2031 (the “Maturity Date”). The Notes will bear interest from 9 August 2021 at the rate of 5.500 per cent. per annum payable semi-annually in arrear on 9 February and 9 August in each year commencing on 9 February 2022. Payments on the Notes will be made in US dollars without deduction for or on account of taxes imposed or levied by the Republic of Rwanda to the extent described under “Terms and Conditions of the Notes–Taxation”. This Offering Circular does not comprise a prospectus for the purposes of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (“EUWA”) (the “UK Prospectus Regulation”). Application has been made to the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority in its capacity as competent authority under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (as amended) (the “FCA”) for the Notes to be admitted to a listing on the Official List of the FCA (the “Official List”) and to the London Stock Exchange plc (the “London Stock Exchange”) for such Notes to be admitted to trading on the London Stock Exchange’s main market (the “Main Market”).