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Broken Ranks Wounded eagles Fresh blood from old wounds Rogue army for a fragile state The howitzer and the handshake Broken ranks Issue 30 | February/March 2015 | www.gga.org Available now: Africa Survey 2014 Africa in Figures Africa Survey 2014 T Businesses trading internationally, latest year % Share of… - total exporting total total total 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% total sales inputs Latest directly or sales sales inputs and/ inputs and trade Country exported of Chad 2009 year indirectly that are exported or supplies of foreign regulations “The Africa Survey is a one- indirectly b (at least 1% directly of foreign b origin Benin 2009 a b origin of sales) origin constraint Congo (Rep.) 2009 Algeria 2007 5.2% 98.5% 0.8% 0.7% 71.8% 53.3% 46.8% 36.1% Burkina Faso 2009 Angola 2010 5.8% 98.6% 0.4% 1.0% 60.7% 74.7% 25.3% 35.8% Tanzania 2013 Benin 2009 12.8% 91.9% 2.7% 5.4% 55.8% 59.3% 40.7% 56.2% Algeria 2007 Botswana 2010 9.6% 96.6% 1.8% 1.6% 86.3% 38.4% 61.6% 15.8% stop-shop for every African Burkina Faso 2009 8.7% 97.2% 1.1% 1.6% 76.5% 48.0% 52.0% 42.6% Angola 2010 Burundi 2006 2.1% 99.2% 0.6% 0.3% 78.5% 57.2% 42.8% 20.9% Gabon 2009 Cameroon 2009 9.3% 96.5% 1.8% 1.7% 63.2% 64.7% 35.3% 26.3% Central African Republic 2011 Cape Verde 2009 4.0% 97.0% 0.6% 2.4% 59.5% 53.1% 46.9% 27.2% Niger 2009 Central African Republic 2011 15.1% 94.7% 3.0% 2.4% 85.1% 38.7% 61.3% 31.9% Chad 2009 11.8% 94.0% 3.0% 3.0% 67.6% 53.4% 46.6% 57.4% Togo 2009 statistic you need but don’t Comoros … ………… ……… … Cape Verde 2009 Congo (DRC) 2013 9.0% 96.7% 1.7% 1.5% 48.6% 71.4% 28.6% 25.3% Sierra Leone 2009 Congo (Rep.) 2009 9.0% 96.7% 1.3% 2.0% 60.9% 52.6% 47.4% 45.9% Cameroon 2009 Côte d'Ivoire 2009 3.4% 98.7% 1.0% 0.3% 30.3% 80.7% 19.3% 19.4% Mauritania 2006 Djibouti 2013 22.4% 87.6% 8.7% 3.7% 71.4% 36.7% 63.3% 21.8% Egypt 2008 25.3% 89.9% 9.1% 1.0% 48.4% 75.2% 24.8% 22.5% Guinea-Bissau 2006 Equatorial Guinea … ………… ……… … Congo (DRC) 2013 know how to get your hands Eritrea 2009 5.4% 96.9% 3.1% 0.0% 42.5% 76.0% 24.0% 2.0% Egypt 2008 Ethiopia 2011 6.5% 95.7% 2.4% 1.9% 54.9% 69.3% 30.7% 19.7% Kenya 2013 Gabon 2009 11.8% 95.1% 3.4% 1.6% 81.0% 41.3% 58.7% 35.1% Gambia 2006 8.6% 98.4% 1.0% 0.6% 63.2% 47.8% 52.2% 12.8% Djibouti 2013 Ghana 2007 24.4% 91.8% 3.9% 4.3% 51.1% 73.4% 26.6% 9.8% Lesotho 2009 Guinea 2006 14.7% 96.5% 2.1% 1.4% 66.1% 56.6% 43.4% 12.4% Burundi 2006 on. It should sit on the desk of Guinea-Bissau 2006 6.4% 97.1% 2.2% 0.7% 68.4% 54.2% 45.8% 25.6% Ethiopia 2011 Kenya 2013 36.1% 77.7% 11.1% 11.3% 52.7% 73.4% 26.6% 22.1% Lesotho 2009 12.5% 93.0% 4.4% 2.6% 68.9% 41.5% 58.5% 21.7% Uganda 2013 Liberia 2009 1.0% 99.4% 0.0% 0.6% 56.8% 58.3% 41.7% 15.6% Côte d'Ivoire 2009 Libya … ………… ……… … Madagascar 2009 Madagascar 2009 15.6% 89.0% 8.1% 2.9% 67.0% 54.0% 46.0% 18.7% Rwanda 2011 every researcher, analyst and Malawi 2009 6.4% 97.3% 2.3% 0.4% 51.7% 66.9% 33.1% 11.0% Mauritius 2009 Mali 2010 10.5% 95.5% 1.6% 3.0% 59.0% 69.1% 30.9% 16.9% Mauritania 2006 8.8% 95.5% 3.5% 1.0% 66.8% 47.4% 52.6% 25.9% Mali 2010 Mauritius 2009 14.6% 92.3% 4.1% 3.7% 56.0% 57.2% 42.8% 17.6% Swaziland 2006 Morocco 2007 37.5% 72.9% 23.5% 3.6% 73.4% 48.3% 51.7% 14.3% Botswana 2010 Mozambique 2007 6.1% 97.8% 2.1% 0.0% 29.2% 80.5% 19.5% 12.2% Liberia 2009 Namibia 2006 9.2% 97.5% 1.7% 0.8% 83.0% 41.0% 59.0% 7.1% journalist working on African Niger 2009 10.6% 97.3% 1.1% 1.6% 96.4% 6.8% 93.2% 31.6% Senegal 2007 Nigeria 2007 2.0% 99.5% 0.4% 0.2% 28.1% 90.1% 9.9% 5.0% Morocco 2007 Rwanda 2011 6.0% 98.5% 1.4% 0.2% 74.6% 55.9% 44.1% 18.1% Gambia 2006 São Tomé and Príncipe … ………… ……… … Guinea 2006 Senegal 2007 13.4% 96.0% 3.4% 0.6% 45.8% 70.5% 29.5% 15.1% Mozambique 2007 Seychelles … ………… ……… … issues today.” Sierra Leone 2009 3.2% 97.8% 0.2% 2.0% … … … 26.9% Malawi 2009 Somalia … ………… ……… … Ghana 2007 South Africa 2007 18.4% 96.1% 2.5% 1.4% 37.8% 85.4% 14.6% 1.9% Zambia 2013 South Sudan … ………… ……… … Namibia 2006 Sudan … ………… ……… … Swaziland 2006 11.0% 94.1% 5.5% 0.4% 62.9% 56.7% 43.3% 16.5% Zimbabwe 2011 Simon Allison, Africa Correspondent for Tanzania 2013 13.9% 93.2% 2.2% 4.6% 59.1% 69.2% 30.9% 38.3% Nigeria 2007 Togo 2009 24.6% 84.2% 6.9% 8.9% 72.3% 39.6% 60.4% 27.5% Eritrea 2009 Tunisia … ………… ……… … South Africa 2007 Uganda 2013 14.3% 94.2% 0.9% 4.9% 40.6% 86.4% 13.6% 19.5% the Daily Maverick Western Sahara … ………… ……… … Zambia 2013 12.3% 94.4% 2.0% 3.6% 48.8% 73.4% 26.6% 8.6% Sub-Saharan Africa Zimbabwe 2011 11.0% 97.7% 1.2% 1.1% 63.3% 67.3% 32.7% 7.1% Sub-Saharan Africa … 10.9 94.7% 2.6% 2.7% 62.1% 58.6% 41.4% 25.6% Source: World Bank, Enterprise Surveys, http://www.enterprisesurveys.org, accessed 02 July 2014 Source: World Bank, Enterprise Surveys, http://www.enterprisesurveys.org, accessed 02 July 2014 BUSINESS Business a Indirect exports are products sold domestically to a third party that exports them. 204 // Africa Survey 2014 Good Governance Africa Good Governance Africa Africa Survey 2014 // 205 Trained primary school teachers, latest year Tunisia 100% Morocco 100% Algeria 99% Libya Western Egypt Sahara 100% Mauritania 100% Cape Verde Mali Eritrea 95% Senegal 52% Niger Sudan 90% 48% 97% Chad 60% 62% Gambia Djibouti 63% Burkina Faso 96% 95% Guinea-Bissau Nigeria Somalia 39% Guinea Côte 66% Ethiopia 75% 57% d’Ivoire Ghana Central African South Sudan Sierra Leone 99% 53% Republic 55% Benin Cameroon 58% Liberia Togo 60% 79% 56% 83% Equatorial Guinea Congo Kenya 49% Uganda Gabon (Rep.) 95% 97% 100% 80% Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe 96% Seychelles 48% 99% Congo (DRC) Burundi 94% 95% Tanzania Share of primary school teachers that are trained 97% 90-100% Comoros 80-89% 55% Angola 70-79% Malawi 47% 60-69% Zambia 78% 94% <59% No information Mauritius Zimbabwe 100% 79% Mozambique Namibia Botswana 84% 98% Madagascar 100% 95% Swaziland 78% Lesotho 68% South Africa Africa Survey 87% Source: p. 485 Good Governance Africa Africa Survey 2014 // 365 Order your copy of the Africa Survey 2014* today: Email [email protected] or call +27 (11) 268 0479 *free to journalists CONTENTS 4 About our contributors Military takeovers in Africa 26 Coup decay Nigeria’s military decline by Brian Klaas 5 Wounded eagles When will the AU bare its teeth? by Eleanor Whitehead Boko Haram is capitalising on the rot at the core Private military and security companies of Nigeria’s army 30 Loose cannons by Stephen Johnson charge? Who controls the guns-for-hire? 8 Rogue army for a fragile state by François Misser South Sudan’s SPLA splits In the insecure DRC, the regular army is as 36 Fresh blood from old wounds dangerous as the rebels by Kevin Bloom A longstanding personal rivalry has torn apart the world’s newest country—and its armed forces 12 Crossing the line by Elias Biryabarema Madagascar’s game of thrones Politics and personal ambition fuel the risky forays 40 Calling the shots of this east African nation’s army by Annelie Rozeboom For decades the neutral image of Madagascar’s America’s army in Africa army was a well-cultivated mirage 15 The howitzer and the handshake by Richard Poplak The tension between self-interest versus moral 43 Mergers and insurrections by Kamissa Camara obligation confuses US foreign policy towards the continent All past attempts to merge Tuareg rebel groups into the regular army have failed 20 Many armies and none by Mary Fitzgerald 47 Africa’s unlikely protectors Political, geographic and tribal allegiances divide by Nick Long this war-weary country From the ashes of genocide has risen the continent’s most trusted peacekeeping force 23 In the pound seats by Owen Gagare 50 Weak governments and weak armies Military brass defend the political status quo to by Jillian Reilly protect their own business interests An irreverant look at a toxic combination Africa in Fact [email protected].
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