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WATCH February 2019 Foreign News & Perspectives of the Operational Environment
community.apan.org/wg/tradoc-g2/fmso/ Foreign Military Studies Office Volume 9 Issue #2 OEWATCH February 2019 FOREIGN NEWS & PERSPECTIVES OF THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT EURASIA INDO-PACIFIC 3 Radios in the Russian Ground Forces 21 Chinese Military Launches Largest-Ever Joint Logistics 50 IRGC: Iran Can Extend Ballistic Missile Range 5 Northern Fleet Will Receive Automated C&C System Exercise 51 Turkey to Create Space Agency Integrating Air, Land and Sea 23 Luo Yuan Describes an Asymmetric Approach to Weaken 52 Iran’s Army Aviation Gets UAV Unit 6 The Inflatable Sentry the United States 53 Turkey to Sell ATAK Helicopters to the Philippines 7 The S-350 Vityaz Air Defense System 25 Military-Civil Fusion Cooperation in China Grows in the 54 Chinese Military and Commercial Cooperation with Tunisia 8 Bigger is Better: The T-80BVM Tank Modernization Field of Logistics 10 The Power Struggle for Control of Russia’s Arctic 27 Chinese Military Completes Release of New Set of Military AFRICA 11 The Arctic Will Have Prominent Role in 2019 Operational- Training Regulations 55 Anger in Sudan: Large Protests Against al-Bashir Regime Strategic Exercise “Center” 28 China Defends Xinjiang Program 56 Africa: Trouble Spots to Watch in 2019 12 Preparation for the 2019 Army International Games 29 Is Pakistan Acquiring Russian Tanks? 57 Can Businessmen Bring Peace in Gao, Mali? 13 Cossacks – Hybrid Defense Forces 30 Russia to Deploy Additional Anti-Ship Missile Batteries 58 Chinese Weapons in Rwanda 14 Update on Military Church Construction Near Japan by 2020 -
A Practical Guide to Constitution Building: Principles and Cross-Cutting Themes
A Practical Guide to Constitution Building: Principles and Cross-cutting Themes Nora Hedling This paper appears as chapter 2 of International IDEA’s publication A Practical Guide to Constitution Building. The full Guide is available in PDF and as an e-book at <http://www.idea.int> and includes an introductory chapter (chapter 1), and chapters on building a culture of human rights (chapter 3), constitution building and the design of the executive branch, the legislature and the judiciary (chapters 4, 5 and 6), and decentralized forms of government in relation to constitution building (chapter 7). International IDEA resources on Constitution Building A Practical Guide to Constitution Building: Principles and Cross-cutting Themes © International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), 2011 This publication is independent of specific national or political interests. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of International IDEA, its Board or its Council of Member States, or those of the donors. Applications for permission to reproduce all or any part of this publication should be made to: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) Strömsborg SE -103 34 Stockholm Sweden Tel: +46-8-698 37 00 Fax: +46-8-20 24 22 Email: [email protected] Website: www.idea.int Design and layout by: Turbo Design, Ramallah Printed by: Bulls Graphics, Sweden Cover design by: Turbo Design, Ramallah Cover illustration by: Sharif Sarhan ISBN: 978-91-86565-29-9 This publication is produced as part of the Constitution Building Programme implemented by International IDEA with funding from the Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. -
Cabo Ligado Monthly: July 2021 July Monthly: Ligado Cabo 16 August 2021 16 August with Insurgents in 22 Recorded Armed Clashes, Resulting in 95 Reported Fatalities
OBSERVATORY CONFLICT CONFLICT 16 August 2021 Cabo Ligado Monthly: July 2021 Cabo Ligado — or ‘connected cape’ — is a Mozambique conflict observatory launched by ACLED, Zitamar News, and Mediafax. VITAL STATS • ACLED records 38 organized political violence events in July, resulting in 134 fatalities • Events took place in Ibo, Macomia, Mocimboa da Praia, Montepuez, Muidumbe, Nangade, and Palma districts VITAL TRENDS • Rwandan troops arrived in Cabo Delgado in July and quickly entered the fray; they were involved in 10 recorded organized political violence events resulting in 73 reported fatalities • Violence in Mocimboa da Praia district jumped sharply as Rwandan and Mozambican troops undertook an offensive that ultimately resulted in the re-taking of Mocimboa da Praia town in early August • Fighting also continued in Palma district, as Rwandan and Mozambican troops worked to clear the ar- eas around Palma town and the route from Palma to Nangade of insurgents IN THIS REPORT • Analysis of KiSwahili-language Islamic State propaganda streams and their relationship to the Cabo Delgado conflict • Explanation of the origins and functions of pro-government local militias in Cabo Delgado • Examination of the combat record and political position of Rwanda in the Cabo Delgado conflict • Update on international involvement in Cabo Delgado with a focus on how costs and responsibilities will be divided up between SADC member states in the SADC Standby Force mission JULY SITUATION SUMMARY In July 2021, the Cabo Delgado conflict became internationalized to an unprecedented extent. Rwandan troops entered the fray at the Mozambican government’s behest, sending police and military forces to assist the Mozambican counterinsurgency effort. -
Policy Framework for Social Cohesion
Rwanda Public Observatory Report Number 4 Policy Framework for Social Cohesion 1 Policy Framework for Social Cohesion Brian Corry July 2012 Kigali Rwanda Published By IPAR - Rwanda © Institute of Policy Analysis and Research, 2012 2 Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations....................................................................................................... 5 List of Tables and Figures............................................................................................................. 6 Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................ 7 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 8 1. International and Constitutional Framework............................................................................. 9 1.1 International Treaties and Conventions......................................................................... 9 1.2 Rwandan Constitution.................................................................................................... 10 2. National Policy Framework........................................................................................................ 11 2.1 Policies to Empower........................................................................................................ 11 2.1.1 Integrated Child Rights Policy......................................................................... 11 2.1.2 -
Rwanda Defence Force
RWANDA DEFENCE FORCE THE ORAGANISATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF EACH OF MILIATRY SERVICES OF THE RWANDA DEFENCE FORCES COMPOSITION OF RWANDA DEFENCE FORCES The Rwanda Defence Forces refers to the unified force including the Army Service, the Air Force Service and the Reserve Force service. The Army and Air Force Services comprise of regular forces enrolled for full time service. The Reserve Force refers to a part-time military service of the Rwanda Defence Forces that may be recalled whenever necessary to operate alongside the active services. LEADERSHIP OF RWANDA DEFENCE FORCES The Rwanda Defence Forces leadership includes the following: 1° The Commander-in-Chief of Rwanda Defence Forces; 2° The Minister of Defence; RESPONSIBILITIES OF CHIEFS OF STAFF AND THEIR DEPUTIES 1. Responsibilities of the Army Chief of Staff 2. Responsibilities of the Air Force Chief of Staff 3. Responsibilities of the Reserve Force Chief of Staff 4. Responsibility of Deputy Chiefs of Staff JOINT RWANDA DEFENCE FORCES INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES Military institutions directly under authority of the Minister of Defence Military Units, Departments and Institutions directly under authority of the Chief of Defence Staff Military Units, Departments and Institutions placed directly under the Chief of Defence Staffs CATEGORIES OF JOINT GENERAL STAFF 1. Responsibilities of the Joint General Staff one (J1) 2. Responsibilities of the Joint General Staff two (J2) 3. Responsibilities of the Joint General Staff three (J3) 4. Responsibilities of the Joint General Staff four (J4) 5. Responsibilities of the Joint General Staff five (J5) THE LOGISTIC COMMAND 1. The Medical Command 2. Communication and Information Systems Command 3. -
Evaluation of Sida's Support to Peacebuilding in Conflict and Post
2019:4 Sida Evaluation Cécile Collin Evaluation of Sida’s Support to Peacebuilding in Conflict and Post-Conflict Contexts Rwanda Country Report Author: Cécile Collin The views and interpretations expressed in this report are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect those of the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Sida. Sida Evaluation 2019:4 Commissioned by Sida, Department for Asia, Middle East and Humanitarian Assistance, Peace and Human Security Unit. Published by: Sida, 2019 Copyright: Sida and the author Date of final report: 2019-01-11 Layout by: Nordic Morning Art.no.: Sida62213en URN:NBN: urn:nbn:se:sida-62213en This publication can be downloaded/ordered from www.Sida.se/publications Forewo rd Violent conflicts lead to immense suffering, constitute major obstacles to develop- ment and prevent people from escaping poverty. While poverty is generally decreas- ing on a global level, people living in poverty are increasingly concentrated to fragile countries affected by conflict. Today, there is a broad consensus within the interna- tional community on the need to invest in peacebuilding and conflict prevention to reach the Global Goals. As a response, Sida is increasingly focusing support to coun- tries affected by conflict. Support to peacebuilding is not new. Sida has been engaged in conflict and post- conflict countries since the agency was established. Often, the devastating effects of conflict, and in its aftermath, the prospects of supporting the development towards more peaceful inclusive societies, has been the very reason for Swedish engagement. In other contexts, support to peacebuilding has been more indirect through engage- ment in sectors and areas of support far beyond projects supporting conflict resolution and dialogue. -
Assessing the Contribution of Military in Peace Building in Africa: Case Study Rwanda (1994-2016)
UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI INSTITUTE OF DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES ASSESSING THE CONTRIBUTION OF MILITARY IN PEACE BUILDING IN AFRICA: CASE STUDY RWANDA (1994-2016) MPAGAZE Anthony Baguma Reg. No: R47/8917/2017 SUPERVISOR: Col (Dr) Steven HANDA RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN STRATEGIC STUDIES. DECEMBER 2018 DECLARATION This research project is my own original work and it has never been presented for examination in any other university or any other award. All materials from other sources have been acknowledged appropriately. Name: MPAGAZE Anthony BAGUMA Registration No: R47/8917/2017 Signature: ___________________________ Date: ___________________________ The project has been submitted for examination with our approval as the University Supervisor. Name: Dr Steven HANDA Signature: ___________________________Date: _____________________________ i DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my beloved parents for their guidance ever since my childhood which became a strong base that propelled me to undertake this academic journey. My success is built on the foundation you gave me. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank God for the gift of life given into me throughout this course. Secondly I wish to pay special tribute to my family especially my wife Susan Asiimwe and our children, Nyemina Jordan, Beza Georgia and Mpagaze Josh for their understanding, sacrifice, perseverance, patience and moral support given to me during the course. I pledge to dedicate more time to them in the future. I wish to extend my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Steven HANDA without his intellectual guidance and support it would have been difficult to complete this task. -
International Humanitarian Law Nicholas Tsagourias , Alasdair Morrison Frontmatter More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09059-0 — International Humanitarian Law Nicholas Tsagourias , Alasdair Morrison Frontmatter More Information International Humanitarian Law Cases, Materials and Commentary Drawing together key documents, case law, reports and other essential materials, International Humanitarian Law offers students, lecturers and practitioners an access- ible and critically informed account of the theory, law and practice of international humanitarian law. Providing comprehensive, thematic and targeted coverage of national and international cases and materials, this book successfully balances doctrine with practical application to help readers understand how the theories are applied in practice and navigate through jurisprudence with ease. Employing a critical and targeted commentary throughout, this book also helps readers to better understand the implications of the law and the challenges facing international humanitarian law today including: • Cyber war • Detention • Direct participation in hostilities • Human rights in armed conflict • Terrorism Suitable for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students and practitioners, International Humanitarian Law offers a thematic and comprehensive treatment of the subject. Nicholas Tsagourias is Professor of International Law at the University of Sheffield. He is also on the editorial board for the Journal of Conflict and Security Law and was a member of the Cyber Terrorism Group of the International Law Association. Alasdair Morrison was an Army Legal Services Officer until -
The Concept of Power Sharing in the Constitutions of Burundi and Rwanda
THE CONCEPT OF POWER SHARING IN THE CONSTITUTIONS OF BURUNDI AND RWANDA Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree LL.M. (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa) By CHRISTIAN GARUKA NSABIMANA Prepared under the supervision of Professor Pierre De Vos Faculty of Law University of the Western Cape 31 October 2005. CENTRE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS FACULTY OF LAW UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA Table of Contents Title page i Table of Contents ii Acknowledgement iiv List of abbreviations v Declaration v The concept of power sharing in the Constitutions of Burundi and Rwanda 1 Chapter I General introduction 1 1.1 Background of the study 1 1.2 Research question 1 1.3 Research methodology 1 1.4 Literature review 2 1.5 Relevance of the study 3 1.6 Limitation of the study 3 1.7 Overview of chapters 3 Chapter II Power sharing 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Concept of power sharing 7 2.3 Rwanda 8 2.4 Burundi 11 2.5 Conclusion 14 Chapter III Constitutionalism 16 3.1 Introduction 16 3.2 Constitutionalism 16 3.2.1 Assessment of the compliance of the Constitution of Rwanda with the requirements of constitutionalism. 19 3.2.1.1 Separation of powers. 19 3.2.1.2 The rule of law 20 3.2.1.3 The supremacy of the Constitution 20 3.2.2 Assessment of the compliance of the Constitution of Burundi with the requirements of constitutionalism 20 ii 3.2.2.1 Separation of Powers 21 3.2.2.2 The rule of law 21 3.2.2.3 The supremacy of the Constitution 22 3.3 Conclusion 22 Chapter IV Democracy 24 4.1 Introduction 24 4.2 Democracy 24 4.2.1 Rwanda 30 4.2.1.1 Multi-party system 30 4.2.1.2. -
“All Thieves Must Be Killed” Extrajudicial Executions in Western Rwanda WATCH
HUMAN RIGHTS “All Thieves Must Be Killed” Extrajudicial Executions in Western Rwanda WATCH “All Thieves Must Be Killed” Extrajudicial Executions in Western Rwanda Copyright © 2017 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-34990 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org JULY 2017 ISBN: 978-1-6231-34990 “All Thieves Must Be Killed” Extrajudicial Executions in Western Rwanda Map of Rubavu .................................................................................................................... I Map of Rutsiro .................................................................................................................... II Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 Recommendations -
The Concept of Power Sharing in the Constitutions of Burundi and Rwanda
THE CONCEPT OF POWER SHARING IN THE CONSTITUTIONS OF BURUNDI AND RWANDA Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree LL.M. (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa) By CHRISTIAN GARUKA NSABIMANA Student No.25442016 Prepared under the supervision of Professor Pierre De Vos Faculty of Law University of the Western Cape 31 October 2005. CENTRE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS FACULTY OF LAW UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA Table of Contents Title page i Table of Contents ii Acknowledgement iiv List of abbreviations v Declaration v The concept of power sharing in the Constitutions of Burundi and Rwanda 1 Chapter I General introduction 1 1.1 Background of the study 1 1.2 Research question 1 1.3 Research methodology 1 1.4 Literature review 2 1.5 Relevance of the study 3 1.6 Limitation of the study 3 1.7 Overview of chapters 3 Chapter II Power sharing 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Concept of power sharing 7 2.3 Rwanda 8 2.4 Burundi 11 2.5 Conclusion 14 Chapter III Constitutionalism 16 3.1 Introduction 16 3.2 Constitutionalism 16 3.2.1 Assessment of the compliance of the Constitution of Rwanda with the requirements of constitutionalism. 19 3.2.1.1 Separation of powers. 19 3.2.1.2 The rule of law 20 3.2.1.3 The supremacy of the Constitution 20 3.2.2 Assessment of the compliance of the Constitution of Burundi with the requirements of constitutionalism 20 ii 3.2.2.1 Separation of Powers 21 3.2.2.2 The rule of law 21 3.2.2.3 The supremacy of the Constitution 22 3.3 Conclusion 22 Chapter IV Democracy 24 4.1 Introduction 24 4.2 Democracy 24 4.2.1 Rwanda 30 4.2.1.1 Multi-party system 30 4.2.1.2. -
Unclassified DCD/DAC(2017)22/FINAL
Unclassified DCD/DAC(2017)22/FINAL Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 20-Oct-2017 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________ English - Or. English DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION DIRECTORATE DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE COMMITTEE Unclassified DCD/DAC(2017)22/FINAL ODA CASEBOOK ON CONFLICT, PEACE AND SECURITY ACTIVITIES The Development Assistance Committee has agreed to revise the Casebook on Conflict, Peace and Security Activities [DCD/DAC(2007)20/REV1], in accordance with the updated ODA reporting directives. This work follows the agreement reached at the DAC High Level Meeting (HLM) in February 2016. The examples are meant to illustrate the application of the eligibility rules agreed by the DAC. They will facilitate the assessment of the eligibility of similar cases in future. The Casebook was circulated to the DAC for approval under a written procedure in September 2017. This final version includes minor edits to improve the readability of cases and the alignment of the description of the eligibility assessment with the Directives. In addition, previous cases 26, 34, 36, 37 and 52 were removed as one member disagreed with the eligibility assessment. The cases are also available online in an ODA-eligibility database that will regularly be updated with new cases on different topics as and when they arise: see http://oe.cd/oda-eligibility-database/. Ms. Marloes Smeets ; Ms. Valérie Gaveau ([email protected]); Ms. Julia Benn ([email protected]) English JT03421264 - This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the Or.