A Practical Guide to Constitution Building: Principles and Cross-Cutting Themes
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Status of Lgbti People in Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana and Uganda
STATUS OF LGBTI PEOPLE IN CAMEROON, GAMBIA, GHANA AND UGANDA 3.12.2015 Finnish Immigration Service Country Information Service Public Theme Report 1 (123) Table of contents Disclaimer .................................................................................................................................................... 3 List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 7 1.1. The colonial legacy of anti-sodomy laws ......................................................................................... 7 1.2. The significance of current laws criminalising same-sex conduct ............................................. 11 1.3. Particularities of the situation of lesbians and bisexual women................................................. 12 1.4. Particularities of the situation of transgender and intersex people ........................................... 14 1.5. Violations of international and regional human rights law .......................................................... 14 2. Cameroon .............................................................................................................................................. 18 2.1. The legal framework ........................................................................................................................ -
CASE STUDY CAMEROON THESIS Aw
T.C. ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES INVESTIGATION ON CAUSES OF CIVIL WAR: CASE STUDY CAMEROON THESIS Awo EPEY P. Department of Political Science and International Relations Political Science and International Relations Program Thesis Advisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Özüm Sezin UZUN June, 2019 T.C. ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES INVESTIGATION ON CAUSES OF CIVIL WAR: CASE STUDY CAMEROON M. Sc. THESIS Awo EPEY P. (Y1812.110032) Department of Political Science and International Relations Political Science and International Relations Program Thesis Advisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Özüm Sezin UZUN June, 2019 DEDICATION This work is specially dedicated to my lovely late mother Mami Dorothy Ngkanghe who had always wish to see me climb the academic ladder, and to my dear wife Violet Etona Rokende, my lovely kids Awo Dunia Rouge Nkanghe, Awo Mabel Rouge Oben, and my late junior brother Epey Cyprian Oben, for their constant moral supports. ii FOREWORD Glory to God Almighty who has made this piece of work possible. Except the Lord builds for his people, the builder builds in vain. My deepest appreciation goes to my Supervisor Assist. Prof. Dr. Özüm Sezin UZUN for her effort to the success of this work. “Thank you Doctor” is the supreme statement I can use to express my gratitude. Special thanks goes to my lecturers who directly or indirectly helped me out in this work; Dr.Egemen BAGIS, Prof. Hatice Deniz YUKSEKER, Assist. Prof. Dr. Özüm Sezin UZUN, Dr. Filiz KATMAN, Dr Gökhan DUMAN and all other lecturers in Istanbul Aydin University whose class lectures were very instrumental in the realization of this work. -
Pan-African Pro-African
PAN AFRICAN VISIONS MARKETING AFRICAN SUCCESS STORIES & MORE MAG 1119 Vol 2, November 2019 www.panafricanvisions.com New Dawn In The Horizon For Africa -AU Trade Commissioner Albert Muchanga On Progress with the AfCFTA Mohamed Kag- Ethiopia: Abiy Reaps Cameroon: A Na- Why Buhari Was The Legend of nassy:The Presidential Big From Bold & Vi- tional Dialogue With Right To Visit Samuel Eto’o Guru Transforming sionary Leadership More Questions South Africa Agriculture in Africa Than Answers PAGE 8 PAGE 5 PAGE 12 PAGE 20 PAGE 42 PAN-AFRICAN PRO-AFRICAN www.centurionlg.com Contents PAN AFRICAN VISIONs CONTENTS A Noble Prize For Abiy Big Lessons For Africa ________2 Rwanda receives migrants from Libya _____________22 AU Trade Commissioner Muchanga on the Game Changing Schools: Useful in Theory, Useless in Practice? ________23 Prospects of the AfCFTA ______________________3 Investments in rail transport essential for the success of Ethiopian PM Abiy Ahmed's Nobel Peace Prize recognizes Africa's free-trade area ________________________24 efforts in breaking two decades of frozen conflict ____5 Rwanda's satellite RWASAT-1 to hit the orbit next month _25 Mohamed Kagnassy; The Agro-Preneur Restructuring Agri- Is Oil Discovery In Kenya A Blessings Or A Curse? _____28 culture & Rural Development Across Africa __________8 Academics Urge US Government To Channel More Resources South Sudan Peace Deal On Wobbly Stage ___________9 Towards Education And Scientific Research In Africa ___29 Promises of Cameroon's Major National Dialogue to restore A Lifeline for African and International Students In MPower peace in troubled English-speaking regions __________11 Financing _________________________________30 Will Cameroon's National Dialogue actually solve anything in With MPower, African Students Can Dare to Dream Big- NW, SWRs? _______________________________12 Georgetown Alum Grace Chimezie ________________33 How the 1996 constitution can take care of the nw/sw excep- Revisiting The Controversial Legacy of Robert Mugabe __34 tion: a legal perspective of a 'third option'. -
Policy Framework for Social Cohesion
Rwanda Public Observatory Report Number 4 Policy Framework for Social Cohesion 1 Policy Framework for Social Cohesion Brian Corry July 2012 Kigali Rwanda Published By IPAR - Rwanda © Institute of Policy Analysis and Research, 2012 2 Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations....................................................................................................... 5 List of Tables and Figures............................................................................................................. 6 Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................ 7 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 8 1. International and Constitutional Framework............................................................................. 9 1.1 International Treaties and Conventions......................................................................... 9 1.2 Rwandan Constitution.................................................................................................... 10 2. National Policy Framework........................................................................................................ 11 2.1 Policies to Empower........................................................................................................ 11 2.1.1 Integrated Child Rights Policy......................................................................... 11 2.1.2 -
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
UNITED NATIONS CEDAW Convention on the Elimination Distr. of All Forms of Discrimination GENERAL against Women CEDAW/C/CMR/1 9 May 1999 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: FRENCH COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN (CEDAW) CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES UNDER ARTICLE 18 OF THE CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN Initial reports of States parties CAMEROON 99-22520 (E) /... CEDAW/C/CMR/1 English Page 2 CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 7 PART ONE. GENERAL BACKGROUND TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONVENTION ..... 8 Chapter I. Overview of Cameroon .......................................... 8 I.1. Land, people and economy ........................................... 8 I.2. Legal, political and economic system ............................... 10 I.3. Legal machinery for the protection of human rights ................. 13 Chapter II. Legal, political and administrative measures adopted to give effect to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women ................................. 15 II.1. Incorporation of the Convention in the domestic legal system ....... 15 II.2. National machinery for the advancement of women .................... 15 PART TWO. SPECIFIC INFORMATION ON EACH PROVISION OF THE CONVENTION ....... 20 Chapter I. Constitutional and legal framework for the protection of the rights of women (articles 1-3) ................................ 20 I.1. Embodiment of the principle of the equality of men and women in the Constitution and other legislation of Cameroon ..................... 20 I.2. Lack of a legal definition of discrimination ....................... 21 I.3. Existence of provisions and practices that discriminate against women .............................................................. 21 I.4. Political, social and economic measures to ensure the full development and advancement of women ............................... 24 I.5. -
The Concept of Power Sharing in the Constitutions of Burundi and Rwanda
THE CONCEPT OF POWER SHARING IN THE CONSTITUTIONS OF BURUNDI AND RWANDA Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree LL.M. (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa) By CHRISTIAN GARUKA NSABIMANA Prepared under the supervision of Professor Pierre De Vos Faculty of Law University of the Western Cape 31 October 2005. CENTRE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS FACULTY OF LAW UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA Table of Contents Title page i Table of Contents ii Acknowledgement iiv List of abbreviations v Declaration v The concept of power sharing in the Constitutions of Burundi and Rwanda 1 Chapter I General introduction 1 1.1 Background of the study 1 1.2 Research question 1 1.3 Research methodology 1 1.4 Literature review 2 1.5 Relevance of the study 3 1.6 Limitation of the study 3 1.7 Overview of chapters 3 Chapter II Power sharing 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Concept of power sharing 7 2.3 Rwanda 8 2.4 Burundi 11 2.5 Conclusion 14 Chapter III Constitutionalism 16 3.1 Introduction 16 3.2 Constitutionalism 16 3.2.1 Assessment of the compliance of the Constitution of Rwanda with the requirements of constitutionalism. 19 3.2.1.1 Separation of powers. 19 3.2.1.2 The rule of law 20 3.2.1.3 The supremacy of the Constitution 20 3.2.2 Assessment of the compliance of the Constitution of Burundi with the requirements of constitutionalism 20 ii 3.2.2.1 Separation of Powers 21 3.2.2.2 The rule of law 21 3.2.2.3 The supremacy of the Constitution 22 3.3 Conclusion 22 Chapter IV Democracy 24 4.1 Introduction 24 4.2 Democracy 24 4.2.1 Rwanda 30 4.2.1.1 Multi-party system 30 4.2.1.2. -
The Concept of Power Sharing in the Constitutions of Burundi and Rwanda
THE CONCEPT OF POWER SHARING IN THE CONSTITUTIONS OF BURUNDI AND RWANDA Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree LL.M. (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa) By CHRISTIAN GARUKA NSABIMANA Student No.25442016 Prepared under the supervision of Professor Pierre De Vos Faculty of Law University of the Western Cape 31 October 2005. CENTRE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS FACULTY OF LAW UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA Table of Contents Title page i Table of Contents ii Acknowledgement iiv List of abbreviations v Declaration v The concept of power sharing in the Constitutions of Burundi and Rwanda 1 Chapter I General introduction 1 1.1 Background of the study 1 1.2 Research question 1 1.3 Research methodology 1 1.4 Literature review 2 1.5 Relevance of the study 3 1.6 Limitation of the study 3 1.7 Overview of chapters 3 Chapter II Power sharing 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Concept of power sharing 7 2.3 Rwanda 8 2.4 Burundi 11 2.5 Conclusion 14 Chapter III Constitutionalism 16 3.1 Introduction 16 3.2 Constitutionalism 16 3.2.1 Assessment of the compliance of the Constitution of Rwanda with the requirements of constitutionalism. 19 3.2.1.1 Separation of powers. 19 3.2.1.2 The rule of law 20 3.2.1.3 The supremacy of the Constitution 20 3.2.2 Assessment of the compliance of the Constitution of Burundi with the requirements of constitutionalism 20 ii 3.2.2.1 Separation of Powers 21 3.2.2.2 The rule of law 21 3.2.2.3 The supremacy of the Constitution 22 3.3 Conclusion 22 Chapter IV Democracy 24 4.1 Introduction 24 4.2 Democracy 24 4.2.1 Rwanda 30 4.2.1.1 Multi-party system 30 4.2.1.2. -
Denying Genocide Or Denying Free Speech? a Case Study of the Application of Rwanda’S Genocide Denial Laws Yakaré-Oulé (Nani) Jansen
Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights Volume 12 | Issue 2 Article 3 Spring 2014 Denying Genocide or Denying Free Speech? A Case Study of the Application of Rwanda’s Genocide Denial Laws Yakaré-Oulé (Nani) Jansen Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njihr Part of the Human Rights Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Yakaré-Oulé (Nani) Jansen, Denying Genocide or Denying Free Speech? A Case Study of the Application of Rwanda’s Genocide Denial Laws, 12 Nw. J. Int'l Hum. Rts. 191 (2014). http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njihr/vol12/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights by an authorized administrator of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. Vol. 12:2] Yakaré-Oulé Jansen Denying Genocide or Denying Free Speech? A Case Study of the Application of Rwanda’s Genocide Denial Laws Yakaré-Oulé (Nani) Jansen * I. INTRODUCTION ¶1 Rwanda is widely considered a poster child for post conflict development. Since the 1994 genocide, in which an estimated 800,000 people lost their lives, 1 the country has gone through a rapid process of socio-economic development. In the last 10 years, Rwanda’s GDP growth has averaged 7.4 %, nearly double the regional average. 2 Rwanda is the only country in Sub-Saharan Africa that is on track to meet its health related millennium development goals 3 and the only country in the world where women hold a majority of seats in the national legislature. -
Constitution. Coord. 4 Fin.-1
- 1 - IJAMBO RY’IBANZE INTRODUCTION AVANT PROPOS Itegeko Nshinga rishya rya The new Constitution of the La nouvelle Constitution de la Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryasohotse Republic of Rwanda was published République du Rwanda a été publiée mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika in the Official Gazette of the au Journal Officiel de la République y’u Rwanda yo ku wa 04 Kamena Republic of Rwanda on 4 th June du Rwanda le 04 juin 2003. 2003. 2003. Kubera impamvu z’ingenzi, ubu iryo Due to important reasons, the Pour des raisons majeures, ladite Tegeko Nshinga rimaze mentioned Constitution has been Constitution vient de subir quatre kuvugururwa inshuro enye: amended four times: The first révisions respectivement le 02 Ivugururwa rya mbere ryabaye ku Amendment was published on 2 nd décembre 2003, le 08 décembre wa 02 Ukuboza 2003, irya kabiri ku December 2003, the second one on 2005, le 13 août 2008 et le 17 juin wa 08 Ukuboza 2005, irya gatatu ku 8th December 2005, the third one on 2010. wa 13 Kanama 2008 n’irya kane ku 13 th August 2008 and the fourth one wa 17 Kamena 2010. on 17 June 2010. Ivugururwa rya mbere n’irya kabiri The first and second amendments Les deux premières révisions ont byari bigamije cyane cyane kugaruka concerned essentially the review of porté essentiellement sur ku mitunganyirize y’Ubuyobozi the organization and the attributions l’organisation et les attributions des n’inshingano z’inzego za Leta cyane of State organs especially those in organes de l’Etat spécialement ceux cyane iz’Ubutabera n’urwego the Justice Sector and the Office of relatifs à la justice et à l’Office de rw’Umuvunyi hakurikijwe the Ombudsman following loopholes l’Ombudsman constatés dans la ibyagaragajwe mu gutangira which were noticed in the mise en application de la gushyira mu bikorwa Itegeko implementation of the Constitution Constitution et sur son adaptation Nshinga. -
Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets File:///I:/Country Ip/Canada Coi/Cameroon/Country Fact Sheet.Htm
Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets file:///I:/country_ip/canada_coi/cameroon/Country Fact Sheet.htm Français Home Contact Us Help Search canada.gc.ca Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets Home Country Fact Sheet CAMEROON June 2007 Disclaimer This document was prepared by the Research Directorate of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada on the basis of publicly available information, analysis and comment. All sources are cited. This document is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed or conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. For further information on current developments, please contact the Research Directorate. Table of Contents 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 2. POLITICAL BACKGROUND 3. POLITICAL PARTIES 4. ARMED GROUPS AND OTHER NON-STATE ACTORS 5. FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS ENDNOTES REFERENCES 1. GENERAL INFORMATION Official name Republic of Cameroon. Geography Cameroon is found on the west coast of Africa and is sometimes called the "hinge" of Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west, Chad and the Central African Republic to the east, and the Central African Republic, the Republic of Congo and Gabon to the south. Cameroon's total area is 475,440 km2. 1 of 10 9/16/2013 4:00 PM Issue Papers, Extended Responses and Country Fact Sheets file:///I:/country_ip/canada_coi/cameroon/Country Fact Sheet.htm The climate varies from tropical on the coast to semi-desert and hot in the north. Population and density Population: 17,340,702 (mid-2006 estimate). -
In the Constitutional Council of Cameroon Holden at Yaounde Case No
IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL COUNCIL OF CAMEROON HOLDEN AT YAOUNDE CASE NO: BETWEEN: GLOBAL CONCERN CAMEROON PETITIONER VERSUS THE MINISTRY OF POST AND TELECOMUNICATIONS RESPONDENT CAMEROON TELECOMMUNICATIONS (CAMTEL) RESPONDENT THE STATE OF CAMEROON RESPONDENT __________________________________________________________ PETITION FOR A DECLARATORY JUDGMENT IN TERMS OF ARTICLE 65 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF CAMEROON __________________________________________________________ ____________________________ VERITAS LAW OFFICES BUEA P.O. BOX 246 BUEA S.W REGION REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON COUNSEL FOR THE PETITIONER 1 IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL COUNCIL OF CAMEROON HOLDEN AT YAOUNDE CASE NO: BETWEEN: GLOBAL CONCERN CAMEROON PETITIONER VERSUS THE MINISTRY OF POST AND TELECOMUNICATIONS RESPONDENT CAMEROON TELECOMMUNICATIONS (CAMTEL) RESPONDENT THE STATE OF CAMEROON RESPONDENT To The Honorable President Constitutional Council of Cameroon Constitutional Council Building, Yaoundé, Cameroon PETITION FOR A DECLARATORY JUDGMENT IN TERMS OF ARTICLE 65 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF CAMEROON =AND= LAW No 2014/028 OF 23 DECEMBER 2014 ON ACTS OF TERRORISM IN CAMEROON =AND= LAW No 2010/012 OF 21 DECEMBER 2010 ON CYBER CRIMINALITY IN CAMEROON =AND= LAW NO 90/47 OF 19 DECEMBER 1990 ON THE STATE OF EMERGENCY IN CAMEROON =AND= LAW NO 90/54 OF 19 DECEMBER 1990 ON THE MAINTENAINCE OF LAW AND ORDER IN CAMEROON This Petition seeks the determination of the following questions: 1. Whether the infringement on the right to freedom of expression and access to information arising from the total and partial shutdowns of internet in the South-west and North-west Regions of Cameroon is Constitutional? 2. Whether the infringement on the right against discrimination based on language arising from the total and partial shutdowns of internet in the South-west and North-west Regions of Cameroon are consistent with the right against discrimination based on language? 2 I. -
Technique of Empire: Colonisation Through a State of Exception
Technique of empire: Colonisation through a state of exception Gerard Emmanuel Kamdem Kamga University of Pretoria & University of the Free State ABSTRACT The main argument of this article lies in its conceptual framing which is a contextualisation of the problem of exception in the colonial and ‘postcolonial’ period of Cameroon. The country was technically colonised by Germany and following the Versailles treaty, was later transferred to France and Britain under a mandate of the League of Nations. Following legal and historical investigations, I assess how the permanent recourse to a state of exception within the colony was central to Europeans’ tactics in their strategies of control and domination of colonised people. I further examine how the country’s colonial past strongly influences current state structures through a basic reliance on emergency laws which have become normalised to a point where the law’s force has been reduced to the zero point of its own content. KEYWORDS: state of exception, state of emergency, colonialism, Cameroon, violence, rule of law, human rights, democracy In this article,1 I intend to expand on a technique repeatedly used by French colonial authorities to weaken and annihilate the struggles of independence in Cameroon, a technique which is still in force today and aims essentially to sideline political challen- gers and paralyse democracy. This technique is a legal institution which appeared for the first time in medieval canon law and is currently known as a state of exception. At the onset, I want to be clear about the fact that it is not my intention to review the historiographies of the colonisation of Cameroon, but to shed light on a legal/ illegal/political phenomenon, a technique of empire that was instrumental to sabotage the liberation’s struggle led by a nationalist movement namely, the Union des Popu- lations du Cameroon (UPC).2 Despite an important amount of available literature,3 several grey areas still persist especially when it comes to the rationale behind the nor- malisation of atrocities linked to colonialism.