PAN AFRICAN VISIONS MARKETING AFRICAN SUCCESS STORIES & MORE MAG 1119 Vol 2, November 2019 www.panafricanvisions.com New Dawn In The Horizon For Africa -AU Trade Commissioner Albert Muchanga On Progress with the AfCFTA

Mohamed Kag- Ethiopia: Abiy Reaps Cameroon: A Na- Why Buhari Was The Legend of nassy:The Presidential Big From Bold & Vi- tional Dialogue With Right To Visit Samuel Eto’o Guru Transforming sionary Leadership More Questions South Africa Agriculture in Africa Than Answers PAGE 8 PAGE 5 PAGE 12 PAGE 20 PAGE 42 PAN-AFRICAN PRO-AFRICAN

www.centurionlg.com Contents PAN AFRICAN VISIONs CONTENTS A Noble Prize For Abiy Big Lessons For Africa______2 Rwanda receives migrants from Libya______22

AU Trade Commissioner Muchanga on the Game Changing Schools: Useful in Theory, Useless in Practice?______23 Prospects of the AfCFTA______3 Investments in rail transport essential for the success of Ethiopian PM Abiy Ahmed's Nobel Peace Prize recognizes Africa's free-trade area______24 efforts in breaking two decades of frozen conflict _____5 Rwanda's satellite RWASAT-1 to hit the orbit next month__25 Mohamed Kagnassy; The Agro-Preneur Restructuring Agri- Is Oil Discovery In Kenya A Blessings Or A Curse?______28 culture & Rural Development Across Africa______8 Academics Urge US Government To Channel More Resources South Sudan Peace Deal On Wobbly Stage______9 Towards Education And Scientific Research In Africa____29 Promises of Cameroon's Major National Dialogue to restore A Lifeline for African and International Students In MPower peace in troubled English-speaking regions______11 Financing______30 Will Cameroon's National Dialogue actually solve anything in With MPower, African Students Can Dare to Dream Big- NW, SWRs?______12 Georgetown Alum Grace Chimezie______33 How the 1996 constitution can take care of the nw/sw excep- Revisiting The Controversial Legacy of Robert Mugabe___34 tion: a legal perspective of a 'third option'.______15 Rwanda eyes African market after inaugurating first smart- Why President Buhari Was Right To Visit South Africa in the phones plant on the continent______37 Wake of the Recent Xenophobia Attacks ______18 Kenya:How Eliud Kipchoge climbed the ladder______38 African Diaspora Endorses the Continental Free Trade Agreement______19 Samuel Eto'o: African Legend Retires from Football_____40

Analysts call African leaders to cater for their citizens as Eto'o go, Eto'o Came: Etienne Eto’o, son of legendary football striker, Samuel Eto’o set to further father’s legacy______41

Managing Editor Adama Makasuba, Graphic Designer Pan African Visions Ajong Mbapndah L Bah Uzman Unis, Atemnkeng Jerry M, Mohammed M Mupenda, (Young Jerry) 7614 Green Willow Court, Hyattsville, MD Contributors Pierre Afadhali EC designs, Abudhabi - UAE 20785 Wallace Mawire Teslim Olawore +971 52 863 7744 Deng Machol Nevson Mpofu [email protected] Tel: 2404292177, Papisdaff Abdullah Boris Esono Nwenfor email: [email protected], Ajayi Olyinka Amos Fofung Prince Kuripati [email protected] Jean d’Amour Mugabo Hategeka Moses Jessica Ahedor ______Asong Zelifac Samuel Ouma Advertising Primus Tazanu Email: Alexandre Nhampossa, marketing@ Ishmael Sallieu panafricanvisions.com Koroma,

PAV - APR. 2019 - MAG 0419 Vol 3 1 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa A Noble Prize For Abiy With Big Lessons For Africa By Ajong Mbapndah L rom Chief Albert issues in Africa. In previous Cameroonians that the Luthuli of the ANC issues, PAV has harped on recommendations will be Ffame, to Bishop the need of a generational implemented. Desmond Tutu, Nelson change across the continent. Without any form of Mandela, Frederick De Klerk, In a continent where the endorsement before and and Wangari Mathai, Africa median age is around 20 after the forum, it remains to has had its share of Noble years, it is paradoxical that be seen how the resolutions Peace Prize Laureates. Joining the median age of African will be binding on President this club of distinguished leaders is in the 60s. There Biya. If provisions of the Africans is Prime Minister is a serious disconnect here 1996 constitution have Abiy of Ethiopia. While his with difference in priorities, not been implemented till predecessors may have been difference in approaches, date, what guarantee is more established names, difference in ambitions, and there to see a seriousness Abiy has barely been on the more. At his age, how does in the implementation of scene for two years and the Buhari mirror the ambitions recommendations from the feat could not have come at of dynamic young Nigerians? just ended forum? How a more prospice moment for At his age, what does Paul could the country move Africa. Biya have in common with forward when key leaders of At 43, Abiy represents the super brilliant youth keen the Anglophone movement prototype of 21st century on building silicon mountain are still in jail? Indeed, the leadership that Africa needs. in Buea? In Abiy, we see half-baked solutions from On assuming Office, Abiy dynamism, we see energy, Ajong Mbapndah L, Managing Editor the dialogue may not be took the audacious move we see optimism, someone the panacea that Cameroon of addressing the bloody daring and someone who problems requires the vision, actually be trusted with the needs. Certainly not when the family feud that had plagued incarnates hope for the the tact, and a strong political responsibility of proffering President refuses to take the his country Ethiopia and creative genius of Africa. will. While the dialogue that solutions. Instead of a federal bull by the horns. neighboring Eritrea. The The Nobel Prize to Abiy took place in Cameroon was form of government that even The cosmetic dialogue result was a peace deal that is also a testament to a good first step, one cannot some francophones now see might have bought him a bit opened the borders between African solutions to African say with all certainty that as a solution, the dialogue of time, but when we see the the two countries for the first problems. Everyone has been it was done with the desire came up with a special status violence in the North West time in about 20 years. In talking about Abiy, but we to seek lasting solutions or for Anglophone regions. and South West regions, the images of Abiy and President forget that on the other end, to address the Anglophone What does it mean? what will zest with which 1st October exchanging hugs, exchanging President Aferweki of Eritrea problem which has brought it contain? When will it start? ,considered by Anglophone as visits, the first flights from was willing to play ball as an incredible toll on human the questions are begging for their independence day was Addis to Asmara and vice well and definitely deserves life and property in the North answers celebrated, and calls from versa, the joy on the faces of a recognition of his own. West and South West Regions Equally intriguing in the the international community families happily re-united , Instead of bringing outside of the country. Cameroon crisis is how aloof for inclusive dialogue, it is Abiy and President Aferweki actors to seek solutions, both From those invited, one President Biya has been. That certain that sooner or later, provided some of the most men decided to open up and could see that it was largely it took three years for him to there may be more dialogue. iconic images that Africa saw do it themselves. Increasingly, made of people who do not make a formal statement and In leaders like Abiy, there in 2019. we see Africans taking the think there is a problem in to call for dialogue is baffling is every reason to hope for Beyond the peace accord lead to solve problems in Cameroon, or those who to say to least. Even when Africa, a hope that sooner with Eritrea, Abiy freed South Sudan. We see Africans have only been hanging he called for the dialogue, than later more youth who thousands of political taking the lead to solve the on the fringes. Apart from he was neither present at get a chance to lead, hope prisoners and embarked problems in Sudan. Ahead of a few fighters who spoke the opening ceremony , nor that Africans will learn to on political reforms that the elections in Mozambique, their mind, and were well did he attend the closing turn out en masse as they did have continued to open new we saw opposition Chief known actors in the crisis, ceremony which would have recently in Guinea to send a perspectives for Ethiopia. Ossufo Momade signing it was hard to see how been a great opportunity for strong message to President The feat achieved by Abiy peace accords with President those who have strenuously him to forcefully embrace Alpha Conde that changing in so short a time deserves a Felipe Nyusi. argued that there is no the recommendations of the constitution to give him closer look on the leadership Africans solving their Anglophone problem could the forum and remind a third term in office is not

Pan African Visions MAGAZINE, 7614 Green Willow Court, Hyattsville,MD 20785 Tel:2404292177, email: [email protected], [email protected] 2 PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

palatable, hope that someday were dazzled at presentations African Continental Free you a profile of Mohammed .The issue explores the impact the artificial boundaries that from Hon Albert Muchanga, Trade Agreement. Despite Kagnassy and his vision of of the recent dialogue on the separate Africa will give way Commissioner for Trade and his super charged schedule, transforming Africa through tense political landscape in to free circulation of goods, Industry at the African Union. Commissioner Muchanga Agro -Business. Equally in Cameroon, progress towards and people. Eloquence, confidence, accepted to grant an exclusive this issue are stories on Eliud setting up a transitional On a visit to Washington, boldness characterized the interview with Pan African Kipchoge who achieved a government in South Sudan, DC recently, the diaspora ambitious presentations Visions which is brought to feat of his own with a record and more. Happy reading!!! and international partners he made of progress with you in this issue. We also bring breaking marathon victory AU Trade Commissioner Muchanga on the Game Changing Prospects of the AfCFTA -Unprecedented Political Will Across Africa To See AfCFTA Succeed By Ajong Mbapndah L

he AU could not have Trade Observatory. We are sent a better person also engaging the regional Tto the USA to discuss economic communities so the African Continental Free that we collaborate effectively Trade Agreement with the on all matters on facilitating diaspora. The schedule was trade across all Africa. We hectic, at every stop, and are very confident that come at each event, Trade and 1st July 2020, the market will Industry Commissioner start operating. Albert Muchanga had an infectious smile on his face. Expectations are so He listened attentively, high; it has been billed addressed concerns, and as a game changer. Can responded to questions as you tell us about the best he could. potential, and what it With its wealth of will take for this Free knowledge, networking, and Trade Agreement to finance, the African diaspora make the desired impact has a huge role to play in you want to see on the the African Continental It is a new dawn for Africa with the AfCFTA says AU Trade and Industry continent? Commissioner Albert Muchanga. Free Trade area, says Commissioner Muchanga: Commissioner Muchanga. Commissioner Muchanga we need all stakeholders to this point? First requirement is that each Speaking with confidence, said. play their part – the African Commissioner Muchanga: and every African country Commissioner Muchanga Diaspora needs to play their Our target is to start trading should become a state party to indicated that things were You attended the Making part, they are a source of on 1st July 2020, and we are the agreement. 54 countries on track for the market to go African Trade Easy knowledge, networking, and going to hit that target. At have signed, and we are left operational by July of 2020. event. How did the event finance, so they can organize the national level, countries with one which is Eritrea and When reminded that the go? And what message themselves to see how they are producing trading we are sure they will sign. 28 problem of Africa has never did you bring to the can contribute to the success documents which are going countries have already posted been in the treaties or projects African Diaspora from of the African Continental to be distributed to all the the instruments of ratification but rather implementation, the AU? Free Trade Area. It is the corners where there will be and we are remaining with Mr. Muchanga said things are Commissioner Muchanga: biggest and most ambitious trading. We are sensitizing 28 including Eritrea, and different this time around. The event went on very development program so the business communities we are in discussion with all The political will is so strong well. Basically, the key far. It lays the foundation in their respective countries these 28 countries and we and the leaders, and people issues were on the emerging for present and future to be ready for the market. are confident that come July across Africa are keenly developments in the African generations to develop an At the level of the African 1, 2020, all of them will sign aware of the stakes, he said. continent and the diaspora Africa they want. Continental Free Trade Area and ratify the agreement. So, The rapidity with which are very happy because they as a target we are finalizing the first requirement is that countries signed and ratified see a role for themselves. Specifically, with the work on tariffs schedules, we create one African market the AfCFTA gives every We are saying that for us to Continental Free Trade land tariffs monetary by having all the 55 African reason to hope for the best, implement the agreement Area, where are we at systems, and the African countries be part of it. PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 3 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Secondly, it is a task be July 1, 2020. They have scale of the AfCFTA. With involving many stakeholders, said on the day we launch the that huge scale, they will be the African governments are operational phase it will be in a better position to be able involved (they are coming up called the African Integration to export to the world, and with the legal frameworks, Day which is 7 July each year. Africa is going to emerge as the legal documents and We are also working on an exporter of manufactured policies), the African private a Secretariat which will be goods to the rest of the world. sector also has a role to play given enough resources- When you look at AGOA, (we want investments from human and financial to be there are two key problems them so they can supply the able to capture the whole of that are faced in Africa. huge market we are creating), Africa. That inspectorate will One is the standard (but a the academia also have a role collaborate with the regional lot of Africa countries have to play (they need to come up economic community. We are not been able to meet that with educational materials at coming up with a framework standard) and the other is appropriate levels so that all of collaborations so that there the scale (quite a number Africans from kindergarten is alignment of operations, of producers in Africa have to Universities ,everybody is transparency, and confidence not been able to satisfied the involved with the AfCFTA), with each other. big US market). All of these the CSOs have a role to play. are going to be resolved by The AfCFTA must filter down What mechanisms are creating the AfCFTA. to the lowest level. there to make sure that You travel the continent smaller countries do not AU Trade and Industry Commissioner Albert regularly; do you really think Muchanga receiving the diaspora award on behalf You are confident that get swallowed up by big that African leaders and of AU Chair Moussa Faki in Washington, DC Africa will succeed but ones? Africans get it and are willing Africa has not had a Commissioner Muchanga: we took was to come up with a have put aside $2.5 billion to put in their all to make shortage of ideas, or The first one is political. We protocol which is undergoing for five regions in Africa AfCFTA work? projects, but there seems are bringing to the attention signatures so that we create a – East, Central, Southern, Commissioner Muchanga: to be a problem with of leaders that as we build common African identity so Western, and Northern. They are willing to make implementation. What the AfCFTA there should be a that we ensure that Africans Each one of them is going to it work. One of the biggest makes you confident shift in the mindset. The new move in the continent be allocated $500 million so problems we have in Africa that the Continental Free domestic market for Africa without any restrictions. that companies that want to is youth unemployment Trade Agreement will is the AfCFTA, the national We are also creating an scale up productions will be and Africa has a young work? market is receding, and all adjustment facility. It will able to produce to the scale of population and the minimum Commissioner Muchanga: of us should work around the take some time to come up the AfCFTA. We are putting age is about 19 years. Each First and foremost, there is AfCFTA. When the mindset is with a fully fledge functional enough things to achieve win- leader knows that for them a huge political will for the changed, the issue of working institutional arrangement. win outcomes. to create credibility in the AfCFTA. When we started in isolation will no longer We are also working with eyes of the young population negotiations a lot of people work. One of the earliest steps the Afreximbank - they With the advent of the they should deliver decent expected the negotiations Continental Free Trade, lives to the people. It is not to take a minimum of six what impact will it have just about creating jobs but years but we were able to on trade with external engaging the youths to really complete negotiations within partners? be entrepreneurs in their two years which shows the Commissioner Muchanga: own rights. The youths are huge political will. When the We are going to transform very knowledgeable with agreement was opened for African trading with external ICTs and each and every signature, we were told it partners. Historically Africa country should come up with takes another five years for has always been a trader of incentives and structures to an AU legal instrument to be raw materials. Now we are bring foreign investment to ratified, but with the support going to add value to the the continent. of member states we did our ones already in Africa with work in advocating for early the development of value Your boss the AU ratification – within a period added chains. When we do chairman was giving a of one year we were able to get that, there are two things Diaspora award. How a minimum of 22 ratifications. that will be involved – the much support are you The governments said we products will have greater getting from him? cannot end here and let us values and the companies Commissioner Muchanga: Commissioner Muchanga with Ajong Mbapndah L open the operational phase that invest in value addition I have a very positive of PAV , the AfCFTA is a vehicle to build the Africa and they agreed that it should we want, he says. are going to produce to the relationship with the 4 PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

chairman. Whenever I need support, I go to him and he has never said no. when the award came, he said he won’t be able to make it but said I would be able to represent him. When I get back, I am going to his office to present the award to him not just in his honor but the AU commission he heads. It is recognition from the Diaspora that our African body is producing good results. We are a Commission with 10 elected officials, and I also have a The speedy adoption and ratification of the AfCFTA by African leaders shows tremendous political will says Commissioner Muchanga. good working relationship with the other officials. Trade joined the AfCFTA late, and hopefully they are going day one which is July 1. 2020, of investment across Africa is is about creating industries, and recently South to ratify in no distant time. I will like to see a very active accounted for by the African it is about agro processing. Africa had this wave With the case of South Africa, market and when that market private sector. They need to One of the first things I did of xenophobic attacks, I said authorities needed to is very active people should scale up. Once we do that, we before coming from Nigeria are the two continental arrest the perpetrators and be able to say I am buying are on our way to creating the was producing a matrix of giants playing their prosecute them so people a product from country X. market that we want. the functional relationship role? do not think they can do When they buy those products between the Secretariat Commissioner Muchanga: anything they want. The issue there should be two things the Any particular events of the AfCFTA and all the Nigeria said they needed is not just about foreigners price is lower and the quality surrounding the launch departments of the AU so that to take a very broad-based as even South Africans were is very high. I also expect in 2020? they are going to see how we stakeholder consultation. attacked. the business community to Commissioner Muchanga: work. So, we are working as They went to the federal respond heavily by ensuring I am meeting the Ministers a team. states, businesspeople, Looking at everything, that they invest to produce this October where they are academia, youths and several at what point should to the scale of the AfCFTA. going to guide me on how What expectations do you people so it took them a while the everyday Africans Without the investment of the event will look like. I have from Nigeria and to undertake the process. expect to start getting the the private sector, we will think there will be a symbolic South Africa which are After that they were caught benefits of the AfCFTA? achieve nothing. According to launch. supposed to be leaders up with elections and when Commissioner Muchanga: the International Chamber of of the continent, Nigeria they were ready, they signed My vision is very clear. Come Commerce, only 12 per cent Ethiopian PM Abiy Ahmed's Nobel Peace Prize recognizes efforts in breaking two decades of frozen conflict By Amos Fofung

ews about the He was named as the awarding of 2019 winner of the 100th Nobel NNobel peace prize Peace Prize in Oslo, where to the prime minister of he will receive the award in Ethiopia, Abiy Ahmed took December. the entire world by shock. But A total of 301 candidates to keen observers of the polity had been nominated for the of Africa, it was well merited prestigious award, including effort. 223 individuals and 78 He did forge a peace deal organizations. with Eritrea last year putting There had been great an end to two decade of speculation over who frozen conflict between the would win the prize, with two neighboring countries. climate activist Greta Young,and daring, Prime Minister Abiy has taken the African leadership scene by storm. PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 5 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

Thunberg widely tipped previously untouchable as the favorite. Under the officials, some of them Nobel Foundation›s rules, accused of torture. Abiy also nomination shortlists are not appointed women to half allowed to be published for 50 the ministerial posts in his years, and the organization cabinet. says any speculation ahead of Other initiatives, such the announcement is «sheer as the planting of millions guesswork». of trees, have won further Even US president, Donald international support, putting Trump is reported to have Ethiopia and its leaders on eyed the prestigious award, the limelight. commenting that it won’t be a Insight into Abiy Ahmend bad idea if he received it. Abiy was born in Ethiopia The award recognized in 1976 to a Muslim father Abiy’s “efforts to achieve and Christian mother. .Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki and Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed hold hands peace and international He has several degrees, as they wave at the crowds in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Sunday July 15, 2018 cooperation, and in particular Photo Mulugeta Ayene AP. including a doctorate degree his decisive initiative to in peace and security issues resolve the border conflict desired peace to the troubled acknowledged that “peace Abiy, who often relies on and a master›s degree in with neighboring Eritrea”, countries which stood as one does not arise from the bold personal initiatives and transformational leadership. said Berit Reiss-Andersen, before Eritrea broke away. actions of one party alone”. charisma to drive change As a teenager, he joined the Norwegian Nobel The peace deal with Eritrea It said that when Abiy instead of working through the armed struggle against committee’s chair. surprised and delighted tens “reached out his hand, government institutions, is the former Derg regime - a Less than one year since of millions of people as it had President Afwerki [of Eritrea] the country’s first leader from Communist military junta coming into power, Abiy cost both countries dearly in grasped it, and helped to its largest ethnic community, that ruled Ethiopia from 1974 negotiated a peace deal lives and resources and was a formalise the peace process the Oromo, who have long to 1987. putting an end nearly 20- brake on development across between the two countries”. complained of economic, He later served as a UN year military stalemate with much of the volatile region. More recently Abiy played cultural and political peacekeeper in Rwanda. Eritrea following their 1998- Eritrea, which has a a key role in brokering a marginalisation. During the 1998-2000 2000 border war. population of about 4 million, political deal in neighbouring Domestic reforms have border dispute with Eritrea, Abiy has also pushed gained independence from Sudan that halted a slide included lifting bans on he led a spy team on a through reforms at in Ethiopia in 1993 after a 30- into violence after Omar al- political parties, releasing reconnaissance mission into Ethiopia, dramatically year guerrilla war. Bashir was ousted, Guardian imprisoned journalists areas held by the Eritrean changing the atmosphere The Nobel committee reports. and sacking a number of Defence Forces. in what was regarded as a repressive state. His public Abiy joined the resistance renunciation of past abuses against the regime of drew a line between his Mengistu Haile Mariam as a administration and those teenager before enlisting in of his predecessors, as did the armed forces, reaching the appointment of former the rank of lieutenant colonel. dissidents and large numbers He has a doctorate in peace of women to senior roles. and security studies. Abiy said: “I am so humbled After a stint running and thrilled ... thank you very Ethiopia’s cyber intelligence much. It is a prize given to service, he joined politics in Africa, given to Ethiopia, and 2010, becoming a member I can imagine how the rest of the Oromo People›s of Africa’s leaders will take Democratic Organization, it positively to work on the before being elected as a peace-building process in our member of parliament. continent.” His time as an MP coincided The 43-year-old, a former with clashes between military officer specializing Muslims and Christians. He in cyber intelligence, put devised a lasting solution to to good use his skills and The actions of Abiy will be under close scrutiny with the Nobel Prize.Photo the problem by setting up a DPA. statesmanship bringing much «Religious Forum for Peace». 6 PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 7 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Mohamed Kagnassy; The Agro-Preneur Restructuring Agriculture & Rural Development Across Africa By Ajong Mbapndah L & Amos Fofung

ith Agriculture, agriculture without Africa cannot embarking wholly on the Wgo wrong, says sometimes-perilous journey, Mohammed Kagnassy. The the entrepreneur came out population is there, the with an application tagged; weather is there, the market Kobiri. is there, and with the right The social platform already investments, and focus, deployed in Guinea seeks to agriculture could be one of facilitate the acquisition of the game changers for Africa, tractors available for farmers. Kagnassy says. “They do not need to buy The vision of Kagnassy because of farm areas or who serves as CEO of communities that are so West Wing, a company small, and we cannot give a that specializes in linking loan for such a small supply. private-public expertise to So, we need to scale up and meet development needs in what we need is through The Future of Africa lies in Rural Economy says Mohamed Kagnassy. rural areas has impressed a digital platform we can a number of leaders across 2016 said modernizing education…We are there to youths will not go for that visualize. Today in Guinea, the continent. For a while, the agricultural sector and communicate and rebrand kind. And that is why we through Kobiri, we can rent a he served as a Presidential hence restructuring the agriculture. That is why we are talking about modern tractor for hectare to hectare adviser in his native Mali. He economy of Guinea, as well are talking of innovation…in agriculture and innovation. which can take time for currently serves as Adviser as other African states, is Africa, more than 70 percent It characterizes various farmers to grow their seeds. on Agro business and rural his modus operandi. On his of the population lives in the factors like mechanization, We have a data system that development to President achievements in Guinea, rural areas. The future of fertilizer, good seeds and aids in recovery and support Alpha Conde of Guinea. Kagnassy said there have Africa lies in rural economy. methods. That is what we are to farmers.” Recently, he met with been new techniques This should be a priority promoting like other parts of According to Kagnassy, President Tshisekedi of D.R. introduced on agriculture, for any political action in the world are doing. Today we “it is very simple. When you Congo to explore prospects using better fertilizers, and my point of view. Today in just have to go for it despite have mechanization, it eases of modernizing agriculture in more, resulting in better crop Guinea, we have made it the challenges we face,” the burden. For example, his country. yield, better marketing, and a priority in government he said while responding what you had to do with 25 “My mission is to more revenues for farmers. actions. We cannot ask young to questions from Ajong guys to prepare one hectare modernize the agricultural To achieve all this, people today to practice Mbapndah. of farmland, with a tractor sector for better economic education needs to be agriculture like traditional To better assist rural you can do it at a faster and growth and sustainability ushered in first. agriculture.” farmers embrace the cheaper rate.” one country at a time,” “The first thing is “We have seen that the technicalities of modernized The Kobiri platform is says Kagnassy.With its size, cheap, affordable , cost climate, population and effective and with profound more, it is unfathomable that impact it has had in Africa should keep spending transforming agriculture billions of dollars a year in in Guinea, Mohammed importing food that can be Kagnassy thinks it is time to easily grown in the continent, introduce the app to other says Kagnassy. African countries. In an exclusive interview “We will go and offer the granted Pan African Visons platform to other African Managing Editor, Ajong countries. Each country has Mbapndah L, recently in a distinct reality. As I said Washington, DC, the agro- agriculture is not theory, it preneur who has been is a reality. Anything which advising President Conde is social means progress. on agro-business and Mohamed Kagnassy is using his expertise to help President Conde in Most of our African countries rural development since modernizing Agriculture in Guinea. are very young. There are a 8 PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

good number of challenges in without agriculture.” Africa, and we have very few “Africa should invest in resources available. I like to agriculture and agribusiness. show them today that some Africa has water, land and solutions can be gotten to young people. Africa has improve on rural economy a population of more than that we didn’t have few years 1 billion and by 2050; we back at a very affordable should be the most populated cost.” continent. The future of Enjoining African heads of agriculture is in Africa due states to invest in agriculture to its population growth, and agribusiness, Kagnassy availability of land, and our urged youths to embrace leaders must do everything agriculture rather than to create the enabling seeking to migrate to Europe environment, and for young and North America pointing people to take advantage of to the fact that “farmers in the huge opportunities in the Africa today are not like those sector,” Kagnassy said of 50 years back. Our children On his experience been By investing in agro business, African governments will not go wrong, says Kagnassy here with Ajong Mbapndah L of PAV in Washington DC. go to school, and they have from a different country and more knowledge of the world serving as Adviser to the African Union. Like Mandela, called the President of Guinea your community whatever because of technology and leader of another country, and other great men, great which was of course a title. your nationality. For us the the internet. Most of the Mohammed Kagnassy lauded nations like America had President Conde believes in integration of Africa should immigration today is for President Alpha Conde for Barack Obama whose father an Africa which is united, be a reality, but the reality economic reasons. I will like giving competence a chance. is originally from Kenya. and it is easy for him to look is that it is rare, leaders like to tell young people to take the “I can only say how grateful Guinea has been the capital for expertise around Africa. President Conde should be time to see what is available. I am to President Alpha of Africa. When I was in Colours or origins do not saluted for their openness Agriculture made America Conde, a leader who has West Africa, I was told that matter for President Conde, and strong vision,” Kagnassy and there is no economy also been President of the President Nkrumah was but how useful you are for said. South Sudan Peace Deal On Wobbly Stage By Deng Machol but the opposition group led Affairs Minister, Martin by ex-rebel Dr. Riek Machar Elia Lomuro, said the voiced out they will not be Pre-Transitional National part of that government. Committee is making efforts This comes amid growing towards implementing fears that the 2018 peace deal fundamental provisions was facing many obstacles as that will pave way for the its key provisions remained formation of an inclusive unimplemented or were government as stipulated in lagging behind. the peace deal. The formation of the According to Minister unity government was then Elia, the parties remained extended in May by six committed to ending violence months because the national in the country, adding that army was not created, and the security arrangement the issue of the states was not continues to make positive South Sudan President Salva Kiir shakes hands with opposition leader Riek Machar before their meeting in Juba, South, Sudan, Sept. 11, 2019. finalized. progress. The warring parties to the «The outstanding issues uba – South Sudan’s the formation of a new unity President Kiir’s group revitalized peace deal failed facing the revitalized peace peace deal is on government on November vowed to form a new unity to form the unified force by agreement will not prevent Jwobbly stage as the 12, due to unresolved pre- government on Nov. 12 the September 30, 2019. the parties from proceeding warring parties oscillate on implementation issues. despite immense challenges, The Country’s Cabinet to establish the transitional

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government of national into conflict in December unity on Nov. 12 as the 2013 after President Kiir parties agreed,» Elia told sacked his deputy Machar stakeholders in Juba, while leading to fighting between speaking during a two-day soldiers loyal to both leaders. conference organized by the The five-year conflict killed ministry of foreign affairs and tens of thousands and international cooperation to uprooted millions people brief foreign missions about both internally and externally the country›s foreign policy. from their homes. Meanwhile, Angelina A peace deal signed in Teny, SPLM-IO Chairperson 2015 collapsed after renewed for Defense & Security, said violence in July 2016 forcing the opposition parties are Machar to flee the capital not ready for the formation Juba. But in September 2018, of the unity government in the warring parties signed Security challenges remain part of the issues to be addressed. November 12. a new peace deal, in which “The SPLM-IO, we are not that the country will develop the implementation of the The UN Security Council is Dr. Machar will take up one ready to form a government curriculum and syllabi for the R-ARCISS in latter and spirit calling on the parties to the of the four vice presidency on November 12th if the rest training of the security forces. as per agreement and they peace agreement in South positions in the transitional of the security arrangement «The pre-transitional leaved the whole process Sudan to quickly implement government that will run for and the number of states issues that remain unresolved of implementation of the the pre-transitional security 36 months. and its boundaries are not cannot stop the parties to the R-ARCSS to the parties arrangements, ahead of its Hon. Tut Gatluak, implemented. We don’t want revitalized peace agreement without monitoring the visit to Juba. Chairperson of the National to be part of a government from forming a unified process,” said Angelina. In a statement issued on Pre-Transitional Committee that will ignore those issues,” government by the Nov. 12 An analyst says the Tuesday, the 15-member (NPTC), a body tasked said Angelina, wife of Dr. deadline,» said Elia. issue of states and their Security Council said the with the implementation of Machar while speaking to UN Machar’s wife says the boundaries should not extend peace agreement must be revitalized peace agreement, radio in Juba. regime compromised some the formation of a unity implemented fully to end said there will be no more The United Nation’s of the elements in SSOA, government, adding that the civil war and provide the delay for the formation Mission in South Sudan’s G10 and OPP that is why this matter will be resolved much needed sustainable of a unity government Chief, David Shearer says the they are calling for formation after the establishment of peace and stability in South on November 12 as they pre-transitional issues that of the new government transitional government. Sudan. The Council said completed all the process. remain unresolved cannot on 12/11/2019 without Akol, who is also the that the current peace «All arrangements about stop the formation of the implementing security Secretary General of the deal remains “a window of the implementation of peace transitional government on arrangements and the South Sudan Opposition opportunity” to end conflicts agreement are done and November 12. number of the states – we will Alliance (SSOA), said the in South Sudan. we are ready to transitional Lam Akol, the leader not be part of it. umbrella has not yet agreed The statement further said government on time without of National Democratic “Dateline to train the on the formation of the unity the Council looks forward to any delay - there is nothing Movement (NDM), said unified army for South Sudan government. The umbrella seeing “substantial progress” ahead of us apart from the outstanding issues need to be is already missed by the is made up of six opposition on the security arrangement, formation of transitional addressed first before a unity parties, you cannot train a factions. and other issues during its government only,» Gatluak government could be formed, country’s national army in less “The coalition is yet to meet visit to South Sudan at the told reporters on recently in adding that his party will not than month, it is impossible,” in order to take a decision on end of this month. Juba. enter a coalition government said Ms. Angelina. However, the matter. Also, the parties It urges the leaders to He said the issue of states in November without security the agreement is calling for which are members of the also promptly resolve the and its boundaries will not sector reforms and political training of the unified army opposition alliance have the contention on the number of delay the formation of a new decisions to break the for South Sudan before the rights to express their views states. unity government. deadlock over the number of formation of transitional individually,” said Akol. The Security Council Gatluak, also presidential states and their boundaries. government. Of recent, President urged the hold-out groups advisor on security affairs “I do not see any logic Ms. Angelina further said Trump’s administration says to seek a political resolution revealed that president Kiir, to form a transitional the role of peace guarantors they would not accept or to their concerns. It called ex-rebel leader Machar and government on November 12 is critical but has not been recognize any transitional on the parties that have not other signatories to the peace because the key provisions expected in the agreement. government without the signed the agreement “to deal will meet soon to review haven’t been implemented,” “We feel the agreement leader of opposition, Dr. renounce violence and adhere the implementation process. said Akol, President Kiir’s is being undone slowly. Machar. to cessation of hostilities critic. Peace guarantors failed agreements signed in 2017. Minister Elia reiterated to do their duty to follow U. N Security Council South Sudan descended 10 PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

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PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 11 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Promises of Cameroon's Major National Dialogue to restore peace in troubled English-speaking regions By Amos Fofung

articipants of the conflict, with armed groups Decentralization and sprouting up throughout the PLocal Government English-speaking North West committee at the just and South West regions. ended Major National The poor handling of the Dialogue have proposed civil protest gave voice to that a “special status” within a group of few separatist decentralization be granted who have since the 90s been to the North West and South clamoring for the secession West Regions as a response to of the English-speaking more autonomy and request regions which they want to to changing the form of name “Ambazonia” upon government into a federation. independence. The recommendation To date, over 1,000 forwarded to the head of state people have been killed in for consideration is based the fighting, according to on Section 61 and 62 of the local human rights groups, Camerooonians hopeful that the National Dialogue will bring peace to constitution which provides while the United Nations Anglophone Cameroon. for such exceptions. Office for the Coordination One of the members of the • the election of local declare their assets, in English-oriented courts. of Humanitarian Affairs committee Barrister Felix governors order to tackle corruption They were later joined by estimates that insecurity and Agbor Nkongho who long • the immediate relaunch Despite the other trade unions, among violence in these two regions campaigned for a return of certain airport and recommendations of the them teachers, in what was at have uprooted 437,000 to federation is quoted by seaport projects in the two Major National Dialogue, the first, a peaceful protest. people from their homes le journal du Cameroun to regions question now is, will it make Their demands centered and forced over 32,000 to have said “if this proposal • the rapid integration any difference or put an end on an end to decades of seek refuge in Nigeria. An was to have any effect, of ex-combatants into to Cameroon’s three-year- under-investment and estimated four million people the constitution must be society long simmering conflict? discriminatory government have been affected by the amended to enshrine this • the name of the country be Cameroon’s Anglophone policies against the country’s conflict. special status.” returned to former name, crisis dates back to October English-speaking regions. Though many have been To Cameroon’s long- the United Republic of 2016 when English-speaking Due to response from the clamoring for dialogue to time opposition party, the Cameroon lawyers took to the streets to country’s octogenarian proffer a lasting solution to Social Democratic Front, • implement the law that protest the appointment of president, Paul Biya, the the crisis, many believe the SDF the special status needs government officials French-speaking judges to crisis escalated in to an armed just ended major national transcend into complete dialogue called by president autonomy. An example of Paul Biya fell short of what takes place in Canada’s expectations but backers like French-region, Quebec. Elvis Ngolle Ngolle, a senior The Major National figure with the ruling party, Dialogue which sought to find thinks that it is a «decisive common grounds and put an step in the right direction». end to the country’s three- «It will enhance years-long civil unrest, had participatory development the following as proposals across the country,» he told at the end of its weeklong the BBC. deliberation: «We believe that these • the adoption of a special proposals will calm down status for the two minds and restore peace.» Anglophone regions But Akere Muna, a • the restoration of the political leader and former House of Traditional Cameroon representative of Assistant Secretary of the ruling CPDM Gregoire Owona in discussion with Chiefs Cardinal, while SDF chairman Fru Ndi looks on. Transparency International, 12 PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

walked out of the talks in negotiations, hardliners such protest over what he said as Ivo Tapang, a spokesman were attempts to stifle debate. for 13 armed groups called «Speakers were pre- the Contender Forces of arranged. You couldn›t Ambazonia, has made it clear even ask a question. It was that the concessions made so stage-managed. So, they far are not enough to deter were actually looking for them from their fight for spectators, not participants.» freedom. Separatist leaders on «We will not accept an their part had long distant olive branch from someone themselves from the ongoing whose troops are still in our dialogue describing it as a no- territory,» he said. «We will event. With some throwing intensify our struggle with weigh behind the Swiss-led Cameroon Prime Minister Joseph Dion Ngute chaired the dialogue. guns and bullets.»

Will Cameroon's National Dialogue actually solve anything in NW, SWRs? North West and South West Regions allocated “special status” Popularize the Head of State›s offer of amnesty to combatants who drop their weapons and enter the reintegration processe. By Boris Esono Nwenfor

eeks after the conclusion of the WMajor National Dialogue convened by Cameroon’s President, the talk in bars, meeting spot, and other areas remain the fallouts of the major national dialogue and whether any meaningful issue has been achieved to bring peace in the North West and South West Regions. Cameroon›s English- speaking regions that have been ravaged by armed separatist since 2017. In a report published last week, Delegates recommended special status for the North West and South West Regions during the Grand International Crisis Group National Dialogue. (ICG) estimated that around 3,000 people have been killed and quell the violence in the In a tweet, he said, “The attentively and diligently with Sub Two of the Constitution by separatist violence and the North West and South West major National Dialogue that a view to implementing them, which states that the law military crackdown. Regions. has just ended in Yaounde taking into account their may take into consideration Delegates ditched the call After the dialogue, afforded you the opportunity relevance and feasibility.” the specifications of certain for federation that was the President Biya assured to reaffirm once more your One of the major Regions with regard to their goal of many personalities the population that the attachment to peace and recommendations to come organization and functioning. in favour of effective recommendations arrived concord in your country, as out of the Dialogue was for Conflict-affected areas decentralization. According at will be taken into well as its unity and progress.” the affected Regions are will be reconstructed and to officials, federation will consideration and examined “I can assure you that all granted “special status” in developed and victims of go a long way to appease for possible implementation. of them will be considered conformity with Section 62 the war compensated. The PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 13 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

education and judiciary knows that.” systems will also be “We are not forming our restructured to reflect the country; we are just restoring bilingual and multicultural our country. The right to self- nature of Cameroon, Mbayu determination is just what we said. are asking. We want the world The leader of main to assist us in carrying out opposition, Social Democratic decolonization of southern Front (SDF), John Fru Ndi Cameroon. told Xinhua the proposals The leaders have expressed were a step toward restoring willingness to hold talks with peace in the English-speaking the government but in the regions, where SDF is deeply presence of an international rooted. “We hope that the mediator and in a foreign recommendations will be country with the terms for implemented with immediate secession the main item on President Biya has remained largely silent after the dialogue. effect to stop the killings in the agenda, according to the the regions,” Ndi said. ICG. Internally Displaced codify principles for social being conditioned by the Kamto, other MRC Persons, Reconstruction and dialogue, social cohesion and possession of a consular card. Separatists skip talks Militants released Development of Conflict- living together. Other notable calling for international Major fallout of the Affected Areas, Disarmament, recommendations include: mediation to resolve the Dialogue was the release Demobilization, and Educational system Take specific measures to crisis of political prisoners and Reintegration of Ex- Ensure that educational ensure equality of English Even before the Major members of the opposition Combatants, Role of the reforms integrate the need and French on all aspects of National Dialogue began, it MRC Party and others who Diaspora in the Crisis, and in to keep the two educational national life; Reinforce the ran into trouble with many were in jail in connection the Country›s Development, subsystems afloat, buoyant, autonomy of Decentralized activists arrested and experts with the Anglophone crisis. Decentralization and Local and futuristic, recognizing Local Entities; Improve voicing skepticism that it The first sign of good Development. Notably the unique strengths upon the infrastructure of would yield tangible results. faith was President Biya’s recommendations included; and specification of each judicial services throughout Mark Bareta, one of the discontinuing of the cases of subsystem, building on the the country; Strengthen the separatists leaders very active 333 persons in jailed. This Bilingualism, cultural strengths of each one to train Humanitarian Assistance on social media announced was quickly followed by that diversity, and social well-rounded and excellent Program to better serve that he was pulling out, saying of the MRC Leader Maurice cohesion Cameroonian graduates internally displaced persons; that, “the only way to have Kamto and his allies. Enhancing the practice of who will excel wherever they Institute a special plan to real negotiations is to hold Kamto was arrested and Bilingualism on all segments go Ensure that Teachers› reconstruct the conflict them on neutral territory.” jailed in January along of society through the Trade Unions should work affected areas; Popularize “Some of us were even with more than 200 of his creation and implementation in collaboration with the the Head of State›s offer lenient to say ok you supporters after they refuted of programs starting from Government Regulate the of amnesty to combatants have called for dialogue the victory of Cameroon’s preschool ages; En-rooting proliferation of Teachers who drop their weapons in Yaoundé, and we can long time President Paul Cultural Diversity through Trade Unions and promote and enter the reintegration come and say we are for Biya at the 2018 Presidential a strict implementation better organization of the process; and, Create a team independence, but we can do election. Kamto organized a of regional balance and Trade Unions to ensure responsible for mediation that through our leadership nationwide peaceful protest equitable access to public synergy from the regional to with radicalized members of in jail. But till now, Biya has and equally indicated that he service and security forces; national level. our Diaspora. not taken any step…”, Eric was the winner of the election Conceive and implement Since 2017, Anglophone Tataw said to TRT World and not the incumbent. His a curriculum on Inter Role of the Diaspora in separatists have been trying while adding that, “The US decision to protest led to him Community Fellowship, the Crisis, and in the to form a breakaway state government wants dialogue, arrested and several others Rebuilding Fraternal Trust Country’s Development called “Ambazonia” in the and we think that we should The dialogue was and Civic Engagement The revision-reform of the majority French-speaking go for dialogue but Paul Biya held under eight tenets in an effort to strengthen nationality code such that country›s two minority cannot tell us that we are such as bilingualism National Social Cohesion. dual, or multiple nationalities English-speaking regions. insulting Cameroon because and multiculturalism, Pass legislation that spells be authorized: The creation of Hundreds have been killed we are not Cameroonians. We Educational System out the equitable use of both a High Council of the Diaspora and over 530,000 displaced are two separate countries, and judicial system, the official languages in all areas in the host countries with internally by the conflict. he knows that and the world Return of Refugees and of national life; Develop and elected leaders, membership

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PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 15 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa How the 1996 constitution can take care of the nw/sw exception: a legal perspective of a 'third option'. BY: ASHU NYENTY (Ph.D.).*

s delegates to the dialogue. major national In my view, the third Adialogue, especially option is found in the current those from the two regions Constitution of Cameroon. that triggered the dialogue in Since the 1996 Constitution the first place, converge on the was adopted, one provision Conference Centre beginning that has often been ignored this Monday, and judging and indeed even overlooked, from the tenor of proposals in since the search for solutions the consultations engineered to the crisis started, is the by Prime Minister, Chief last Section of Part X devoted Dr. Joseph Dion Ngute, the to Regional and Local debate has largely focused on Authorities. That Section two potentially rancorous and 62(2) stipulates that: divisive concepts: Unitarism “Without prejudice to v Federalism. It is on these Dr Ashu Nyenty. the provisions of this Part, two concepts that most of ramifications on the work of state configuration”. The of the people of the NW the law may take into the attention is focused, as other commissions such as inconvenience of this is and SW” and also “of all the consideration the specificities if to say it is either one or education and justice system. that if either of the two other components of our of certain Regions with the other, as a solution to The reason is that this is the configurations is adopted it nation”, who clearly want regard to their organization the crisis in the NW and SW most politically sensitive area would lead to a sudden and to have a greater say in the and functioning”. regions. of the discussions that may drastic transformation of the management of their local The underlying notion in The mistake that may be have legal repercussions after administrative configuration affairs. If these two concepts, that section is what is known ineluctable if care is not taking the dialogue. of the state that may force in the current state of affairs in modern constitutional is that delegates get into what the other eight regions into may be resisted or rejected, engineering as “territorial I call an ideological blockage What is the current an arrangement they never what then is the way out? asymmetry”, which is and fail to adequately explore status of the issues at asked for or for which their consonant in countries that an alternative that appears to stake? base did not mobilize for; What is the ‘third have an entrenched minority be at arm’s length, but which Writing on the issues at many in the other regions option”? factor as is the case of the NW seems to have been long stake in the national dialogue, do not yet understand the The crux of the matter is that and SW regions. According forgotten. This is mainly so Barrister Paul Simo, who has contours and ramifications because of their peculiarities( to Barrister Simo, this is because of lack of familiarity over 20 years’ experience of a federation. If there could to be discussed shortly) the an arrangement “in which with the various territorial or working on countries be an agreement on that fine, NW and SW regions desire some regions…would be regional organization models undergoing peace-processes but in my view, still coming an arrangement that would granted certain attributes available to Cameroon. and political transitions out of a three-year gruesome provide them with a greater and competences different The purpose of this paper, across the world, opined that war, be sure this option will hand in what goes on in their from those granted to other as my own contribution to the discussion has often been be resisted with vigour. respective regions. That is regions”, because the latter the major national dialogue, tailored in terms of three Unitarism on the other what leads us to what I have regions do not have the same is therefore, to inform public options, to wit, “separatism, hand is considered, even by termed the third option (its specificities. This model has opinion that these two are not federalism and unitarism”. many in the other regions as political and administrative been practiced with success the only alternatives and that In this analysis, I largely responsible for the advantages will also be in countries such as India they should watch out for the deliberately leave out despicable state of affairs in elucidated shortly). In and even China over Hong potency of a possible ‘third separatism, because in the the North West and South discussions of this nature Kong, in what is known as option’ or model that may context of a national dialogue, West regions. Many in the and based on our immediate the one country two systems send everybody home happy- that option is dead on arrival. other regions also feel the past history, I think it would paradigm. Even though not the NW and SW, the other I will proceed to discuss pinch of Unitarism even be counter-productive to everybody in Cameroon eight regions and of course the other two. Federalism though they have not been as appear intransigent or take a espouses this variable the government. The issues in the present state of vocal as their counterparts’ zero-sum posture of this or geometry in the treatment discussed here would be more discussions has two variables. from the two regions. It is nothing. It seems to me that of regions, the beauty of relevant to the commission First, an “arrangement clear that Unitarism as it it is advisable to be flexible, this asymmetric treatment on decentralization and similar to the 1961-1972 is currently perceived and weigh the different options is that it also works well local development, though federation, or in another, to practiced may not satisfy or and then give and take. in a unitary form of state. they may necessarily have a new multiple federated- meet “the high aspirations That is the very essence of a The example of China and 16 PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

its asymmetric treatment unitary state framework, of Hong Kong, and which based on their linguistic, is a much more centralized historical, cultural or even system than Cameroon is demographic peculiarity. The necessary to point to again. case of the two regions is a This means that the present very good example, where Decentralized Unitary system these conditions of peculiarity could be maintained, while are amply fulfilled. at the same time the NW and SW find satisfaction in How are the NW and SW the management of their peculiar? local affairs. Besides, given To amply justify the need that the present Constitution for a special status each for of Cameroon allows for the North West and South the continuous application West, it would be necessary, of the Common Law, it is in my view, to demonstrate recognition of the exceptions the peculiarity of these People gather at the Congress Palace during the opening session of the that constitute the NW and two regions. It is clear to National Dialogue called by President Paul Biya, in Yaounde, Cameroon, Sept. 30, 2019. SW regions. Apart from the everybody of good faith in examples already given, Cameroon that there are of the two components is have for themselves exclusive management of the education two of Cameroon’s colonial fundamental differences different. While the British from the central state system, the protection of the masters, whose double between the NW and the SW practiced indirect rule and authorities? Before I proceed common law legal system, heritage the Cameroon of on the one hand, and the the Native authority which to discuss what this basket the proportion of the use of today enjoys, that is, Britain other eight regions on the gave the people much could contain, it is germane the two official languages and France are plausible other. However, some detail leverage in the management to point out that the special in the regions. That basket other examples. In the case analysis of a few examples of local affairs, the French status arrangement could will include the powers that of the United Kingdom, there would be necessary to make system of assimilation, be applied exclusively to the the regions want to control is a separate status each for the point. The fact that paternalism and the Jacobin- two regions concerned as a and the powers of the local Wales, Scotland and even francophone parents in their style strong state authority matter of priority. However, councils as well. The central Northern Ireland within the numbers send their children did not afford much of that. in order to allay the fears government should be same unitary state. In France, to English speaking schools is So in matters of governance of geometric treatment of clear on what it intends to the Corse has a special status. an eloquent testimony to the the colonial experiences of regions, which I mentioned, irreversibly relinquish to both It must be pointed out that fact that there are differences the two components differed earlier, these powers could the regions and the councils. it were calls for greater in the educational systems and this heritage which has also be extended, of course In addition to the merit autonomy and threats of between the two components. been transferred to younger in relative degrees to the of this model mentioned breakaway that among other It is not simply the language generation has now met other regions if they find no already, this model is neither factors pushed the French of instruction, the culture of zones of friction and conflict. objection for the time being. to the right nor to the left of authorities to give a separate teaching and learning is also Even though there are Having said that emphasis the debate spectrum. It is at administrative status to that fundamentally different. many other examples, these should at this juncture be the Centre. It accommodates region. In addition, in the legal few, in my view sufficiently focused on the package deal the desires of those who Furthermore, in the domain, the common law make the case for the NW/ or what I will call the content are opposed to a change of couching of the provisions is practiced in the English SW exception, within the of the basket. That is what the form of state and also of Section 62(2), it would speaking regions while the bigger Cameroonian picture. I think the commission on satisfies those who seek appear the drafters were civil law holds sway in the decentralization and local greater autonomy. There is foresighted enough to other regions. Though some What should be the development should be no doubt about it; we have preempt the possibility attempt has been made at content of the special able to do. This is because already seen that special of considering variations harmonizing some aspects of status arrangement? as I said earlier this is the status arrangements work between the different regions the two, they still remain for Since the current most political of all the eight perfectly well in a unitary in the extent of the powers all intent and purposes walls constitution already mentions commissions. The other state arrangement. In that they should have, depending apart. The Constitution of that possibility, it sounds issues to be canvassed by way everybody is satisfied and on their ability and history. Cameroon clearly recognizes reasonable that the main the other commissions could consensus is easy to reach on My understanding of that this legal disparity. It is worry now for the delegates, only come to add up to that. both sides. section is that the drafters of instructive that it is the if this third option were to The basket would certainly Some of these changes if the Constitution of Cameroon perceived adulteration of the be adopted, is to present be for the delegates to fill but adopted would obviously had already envisaged a educational and legal systems a basket of what should based on my own experience necessitate legislative, situation where some regions that is the immediate cause of go into the special status in the understanding of the administrative, policy or even could be allowed to sail in the current crisis. arrangement. What powers conflict, the package deal may constitutional reform. If the different boats within a Again, the colonial past do the two regions want to include but not limited to the commissions consensually PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 17 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

agree on what to do then they the dialogue, some legal If the Constitution does not with the fundamental law of and territorial integrity of can easily propose the kind experts have argued that have a direct response then a the land. the State and the democratic of reform that may suit their such reform was “neither constitutional revision may Who has the power to seek principles which govern the agenda so as to protect what mandatorily required of, nor be necessary to accommodate a constitutional amendment Republic shall be accepted”. they may have proposed. specifically excluded from the issues at stake. And if in Cameroon? According to This means in clear terms I submit that the tenor of the purview of the Dialogue a proposal is made in this section 63(1), “Amendments that any amendment that section 62 discussed above process”. regard, it seems to me that to the Constitution may seeks to change the state from requiring the law to “take into But that possibility comes it does not overstep the be proposed either by the a Republic to a monarchy, consideration the specificities to life when you read other confines of the Constitution. President of the Republic or transfer part of our territory of certain Regions” is weak. portions of the speech Provided the revision is by Parliament. These are the to another state or institute I would rather propose together with legal and pursued in a procedure that is only two authorities that are a one-party state shall not be that based on comparative constitutional provisions in line with the Constitution constitutionally empowered accepted. constitutional law, and even in force. On page 14 of the of Cameroon, which the to seek an amendment In fine, given the positions Cameroonian history, such English language version of President swore to uphold. of the Constitution. This held by the different fundamental aspects are the speech, he announced his On this score, it should may of course be through protagonists in the national better guaranteed in the decision to convene a national be noted that the ‘Natonal a government bill from the dialogue and leveraging on highest legal norm in the dialogue “in line with our Dialogue’ if it is working President of the Republic my understanding that more hierarchy. In this case it is the Constitution”, to “enable us within the Constitution, to Parliament or a Private consensual conclusions and Constitution. If that were the to seek ways and means of does not have the locus Members bill in Parliament. recommendations may be case a constitutional revision meeting the high aspirations standi or power to deliver However, The President of viewed in a better light, I could be sought to the extent of the people of the North “binding resolutions” or seek the Republic may also decide submit unequivocally, that that those guarantees are West and South West Constitutional amendments. to bypass Parliament and a third option as I have entrenched. Regions”. My understanding It may only propose. Based directly “submit any bill to discussed should be given a is that if the high aspirations on the President’s speech, amend the Constitution to a thought and explored, if all Is a constitutional of the people in those two which for now is the guiding referendum; in which case the parties must take back amendment possible? regions are to take charge instrument on the purview the amendment shall be something to their bases. In the run up to the of those affairs as we have of the Dialogue’s powers, it adopted by a simple majority *The author of this convening of the dialogue and discussed above, and possibly has the power to propose of the votes cast” and that will article is a Doctor in Law even after the fundamental other arrangements agreed whatever it wants to propose, be constitutionally correct. . and Political Scientist. question on many lips was to in other commissions, it if these can address the While a constitutional (The content are his whether proposals and or means that based on what the concerns and aspirations amendment is not illegal, personal views) .The conclusions arrived at may be President said we have to go of the people in those two there are some amendments article was previously translated into constitutional into the Constitution to seek regions. But it is not within that will be inadmissible. published in the Median reform. To this question to satisfy them. Either the its powers to insist, to push According to section 64 “No Newspaper on 30 and analyzing the tenor of Constitution has the answer amendment to Parliament, procedure for the amendment September before the President Paul Biya’s 10 directly or it points at the otherwise it would be acting of the Constitution affecting National Dialogue started September speech, convening direction we must take. ultra vires and out of tune the republican form, unity in Cameroon

18 PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 19 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Why President Buhari Was Right To Visit South Africa in the Wake of the Recent Xenophobia Attacks By Prince Kurupati arlier this month, Town, the government also Nigerian President recalled the Nigerian High EMuhammadu Buhari Commissioner to Souther travelled to South Africa to Africa while some 600+ meet his counterpart Cyril willing Nigerians were Ramaphosa. President repatriated back to Nigeria. Buhari’s trip to South Africa was in response to the recent Easing the Rising xenophobic attacks which Tensions saw local South Africans The first and probably most attack foreign nationals for important reason behind being the cause of most social President Buhari’s visit to problems in the country South Africa was to ease the especially unemployment and tensions that were rising crime. both in South Africa between Out of a foreign population The visit of Buhari came after Nigerians were targetted for attacks in South Nigerians in the country and Africa. of slightly less than 2.5 million the locals and also in Nigeria people, most of whom are about the influx of foreign applied on a macro scale. way to finding a lasting between the locals and nationals from neighbouring citizens, with some claiming The unemployment and solution to the problem of South African corporations Zimbabwe, Mozambique and they were burdening sectors high crime rate challenges, xenophobia at large, this operating in the country. Lesotho, Nigerians living in including the national therefore, emanate from article is largely going to While Nigerians were being South Africa were largely healthcare system. However, another problem which look at the significance of attacked in South Africa, targeted in the xenophobic data from the government certainly isn’t the influx of President Buhari’s visit to Nigerians in Nigeria reacted attacks. The recent attacks agency Statistics South foreign nationals. It ought South Africa in the wake strongly to the reports of which reached the same Africa showed there were to be noted though that this of the 2018 xenophobia the attacks on their fellow levels as those experienced 2.1 million international is in no way downplaying attacks. It ought to be noted nationals in South Africa by in 2008 and 2015 were migrants in South Africa out the 29% unemployment rate that President Buhari’s trip breaking in and looting shops according to most South of a population of 51.7 million impacting an estimated 6.7 to South Africa was not the owned by South Africa retail Africans a result of scarce in 2011. (Population figures million people as well as the first official response taken giant Shoprite and the South jobs and an ever-increasing have since jumped to 55.7 over 21,000 deaths recorded by Nigeria in the wake of the African telecommunications crime rate. The locals accuse million). The figures of foreign in the year that ended on attacks. As the first measures, giant MTN. on this front, the foreigners of positioning nationals in comparison to March 2019 alone. the Nigerian government President Buhari’s visit to themselves for the few jobs the locals certainly prove While the topic of who or cancelled the scheduled South Africa certainly paid available by lowering their that whatever the ills what is responsible for South appearance of deputy dividends as tension in both wage demands. In the same being carried out and/or Africa’s high unemployment president Yemi Osinbajo at countries quelled down. vein, they accuse foreigners perpetrated by the foreigners, and crime is of great the World Economic Forum of playing a huge part in they are immaterial when significance as it paves the event that was held in Cape Strengthen economic ties increasing the crime rate in The xenophobic attacks the country by participating in South Africa and the in human trafficking as well subsequent reprisal attacks as selling dangerous drugs to in Nigeria did affect the youths. economic ties between While many South Africans the two countries. It was including top political officials imperative therefore that hold the view that foreigners the two countries retain are a major challenge in the cordial relations in the country when it comes to shortest possible amount of the issue of employment and time as sustained ‘economic crime, reports have shown breakdown’ was detrimental that this view does not hold to the fortunes of both water. Its been reported that countries. “South African politicians Looters run from a shop in Turffontein, east of Johannesburg, on September 2, Over 120 South African have consistently complained 2019.Photo CNN. countries operate in Nigeria. 20 PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs warning system that is going the good relations that exist to be used to determine the between Nigeria and South likelihood of another attack Africa, there is a need for the and in the process, help the Nigerian president to reduce government stop it before poverty and unemployment there are any damages to in his country so that there people and property. A are a few economic migrants stated by Alex Thurston, To who seek greener pastures assuage Nigerian concerns, in foreign lands. There is Ramaphosa pledged to Buhari need also for the Nigerian that South Africa will set up president to keep reassuring Some Nigerian victims of xenophobia in South Africa returning home.Photo an early warning system to South African businesses at all culled from CNN. head off future episodes of times that their investments On the other hand, South investment in roads, mining in foreign countries. The visit violence. He also promised are safe and well protected in Africa is one of the biggest and other sectors in Nigeria. could, therefore, be seen in to prosecute anyone involved the country so as to maintain importers of Nigerian The visit underscored what context of addressing the in xenophobic attacks. the good economic relations oil while hundreds of the two countries can offer displeasure of Nigerians at Although the early warning that exist between the two Nigerian businessmen and each other economically, but home and also to assure those proposal is short on details, countries. In the same vein, professionals operate in also how xenophobic violence living in South Africa that Buhari seemed at least partly the South African president South Africa. Continued can undermine trust. the government takes their reassured. He told a town also has to reassure Nigerian tensions between the two welfare seriously. hall of Nigerian expatriates businessmen operating countries would then have Appease Nigerians that the violence was “an in South Africa that their severely threatened the It is the conviction of Looking for ways to embarrassment to the operations are safe and well- economies of both countries. Olayinka Ajala that Nigerians prevent future violence continent,” but added, “The protected at all times. In While in South Africa, have had concerns with As part of his mission authorities have expressed addition, the South African President Buhari took the government’s ability to to South Africa, President their apologies over the president has to see to it that time to sign major trade protect its citizens abroad. Buhari also managed to come incidents and have resolved the rhetoric that foreigners and investment accords By travelling to South Africa, up with a proposal on how to take necessary steps to end are responsible for the social that further open West President Buhari took a foreign nationals living in this ugly trend in the interest ills in the country is put to African markets to South decisive step in assuring the South Africa can be protected of our relationship.” an end once and for all as African businesses, while nation that the government in the face of other violent While the decision taken this often times incite more simultaneously aiming is wholly committed to attacks. The proposal led to by President Buhari is xenophobic violence. to increase South African protecting its citizens based the identification of an early heralded for maintaining African Diaspora Endorses the Continental Free Trade Agreement By Ajong Mbapndah L

major outcome of Union Trade is still working on doing so. the recent Making and Industry Commissioner Muchanga AAfrican Trade Easy Commissioner harped on the great work Forum in Washington, Albert that has been put in and DC was the resounding Muchanga said the myriad of benefits that endorsement from the Africa means effective implementation African Diaspora towards business in could have on the people of both Prosper Africa initiative every sense of Africa. Speaking with great and the African Continental the word with optimism, Mr Muchanga Free Trade Agreement the AFCFTA. said political will from the (AFCTA). Typically, leaders was strong, and there At the heavily attended agreements like was overwhelming support policy experts, trade the AFCFTA from the Africans across the professionals, government take about five continent for the AFCFTA. officials, participants agreed years to ratify, With its Secretariat in Ghana, that with its enormous Founder and President Believe in Africa Foundation Angelle but the rapidity Mr Muchanga lauded the Kwemo poses with panelist at one of the presentations during potentials, much was still within a year of partnership of institutions MATE 2019. needed for Africa to enjoy its creation, a like the African Development the game changing benefits in the creation and rapid was hailed as a harbinger of majority of African countries Bank and financial of trade. In this light, the ratification of the African hope for the future. have ratified it with the institutions like the Afrexim groundbreaking development Continental Trade Agreement Speaking the event, African exception of Eritrea which Bank, a cosponsor of MATE PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 21 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

2019, which are helping to de la crème of African trade put the AFCFTA on the right and advocacy professionals in path. the USA including Matthiew In appreciation and salute Rees, Coordinator, Prosper of the progress and renewed Africa, David Weld, Senior optimism that the AFCFTA is Director for Africa, MCC, bringing to the continent, the Jeremy Streatfield, Director African Diaspora represented for Africa at USTR, Heather by Angelle Kwemo Founder Lannigan, Regio9nal Director and President of Believe in for SubSahara Africa at TDA, Africa Foundation expressed C.D. Glin, President and CEO, satisfaction and encouraged USADF, Dr. Albert Zeufack, African leaders to do all to Chief Economist for Africa, ensure that the AFCFTA The World Bank Group, lives up to its game changing Leila Ndiaye, President potentials for the continent. Dr Gloria Herndon, Founder GH Global Group (in White) was honored with and CEO, IGD, Flori Liser, the Africa Diaspora Award. A seasoned international President & CEO, CCA, Dr. Trade Professional and Chair Diaspora Award. Assistant Administrator Revolution a reality, Menna Demessie, Secretary, of the organizing committee Organized to coincide with for Africa, USAID. They all Investing in Africa, Growing Ethiopian Diaspora Trust of MATE 2019, Angelle the 5th anniversary of Believe recognized the importance Sustainable jobs under Fund, Jeannine Scott, Board Kwemo presented an award in Africa Foundation, the of the Diaspora in fostering AGOA, Democratizing Chair, CFA, Dr. Sharon to African Union President Making African Trade Easy trade with Africa. Africa’s energy sector and Freeman, President & CEO, Moussa Faki in recognition Forum was organized in It was two full days of Growing Africa’s Agricultural Gems of Wisdom Consulting, of the great work that he and partnership with USAID and intense panel discussions and Industry, participants Mariama Camara, Mariama his team have put in towards Ronald Reagan Building and exhibitions. had more than a full dose Fashion Production Dr. making free trade a reality in International Trade Center From panels on African of potentials, realities , Mima Nedelcovith, Partner, Africa. The African diaspora to promote Prosper Africa Economic Outlook, challenges , and what must be Africa Global, Maureen with all its potential will and the AfCFTA MATE was to Building Africa’s done to improve doing trade Umeh, Fox5 news, Oren throw its weight behind the opened by Andrew Gelfuso, Manufacturing Sector, the in and with Africa. Wyche-Shw, Deputy AFCFTA and do its part to VP of the Ronald Reagan African Continental Free Led by Capitol Hill Veterans Assistant Administrator at ensure that it works for the Building and International Trade area, Facilitating Angelle Kwemo, Founder and USAID, Alison Germack, benefit of Africa, said Angelle Trade Center, Ian Steff, Finance in Africa, Investing President of Believe in Africa Director of Corporate Kwemo. Director Global Market and building Africa’s health Foundation and Gregory Development, International Accepting the award on Bureau at U.S. Department industry, Building Diaspora Simpkins, Senior Advisor Development Finance behalf Moussa Faki, Trade of Commerce and keynote by Trade and Innovation, at USAID the MATE Forum Corporation, Prof. Landry and Industry Commissioner Ramsey Day, Senior Deputy Making the African Digital brought together the crème Signe, Fellow Brooklings Muchanga expressed institutions, Yousuf Daya, gratitude for the recognition. Senior Director Trade policy, The leadership of AUC Faki market Access, Reseach and has been instrumental in International Cooperatio, facilitating progress made Afrexim Bank, Steve Lande, by the AFCFTA and the VP, Manchester Trade, award will spur them to Tamra Raye Stevenson, CEO, keep up the hard work. All WANDA, Kimberley Brown, hands must be on deck for Amethyst Technologies, the AFCFTA to succeed, and Betty Adera, Betty Adera the diaspora remains one of Foundation, Ollowo-N’Djo the most important partners Tchalla, CEO Alafia, Salma Commissioner Muchanga Seetaroo-Bonnafoux, said. Other awardees are Ivoirienne de Noix de Cajou, prominent business leader Rahama Wright, Shea Yeleen like ‘Samba Bathily, founder Katie Auth, Acting Deputy of ADS Group who received Coordinator, Power Africa the “Pan-African Award and delegations from many for his investments across African countries. the continent and Gloria Herndon, Founder GH A lot of hard work was put in by the Mate Organizing Team for the successful event. Global Group with the Africa 22 PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

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PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 23 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Analysts call African leaders to cater for their citizens as Rwanda receives migrants from Libya By Mohammed M Mupenda

wanda, the According to Dr. Mutebi landlocked and said, Rwanda volunteered Rhilly country made to host them because many headlines a fortnight Rwandans understand the ago when it welcomed suffering refugees undergo, 66 Eritreans and Somali having been refugees migrants who were trapped in themselves for a long time. Libya on their way to Europe. According to Rwanda The heroic humanitarian government, offering refuge action by a tiny East African to African migrants stuck country brought a smile to in Libyan detention camps, the refugees whose life was it is showing leadership by at risk in Libyan detentions, providing African solutions to oppressed, hopeless, and African problems. desperate as a number of Elise Villechalane, the adjectives may describe the United Nations High situation of torture, sexual Commission for Refugee abuses and all sorts of evil external relations officer for the migrants endured in the Immigrants arriving at Kigali International Airport Rwanda, told Pan African hands of human traffickers in longer welcomes refugees as solutions to their own He questioned. “Are Africans Visions that Rwanda›s Libya. it used to do due to the rise problems. So, other African incapable of doing good?” discussion that led to the Rwanda’s gesture, however, of populism and populist countries should take in the Dr. Frederick Golooba signature of the MoU between ignited mixed reactions all politicians in Europe,». rest of migrants.” Mutebi, a researcher, analyst the GoR, UNHCR and the over the world especially in Said Dr. Christopher Dr Kayumba stressed that and anthropologist clarified AU was not stuck at all. It the East African countries Kayumba, senior lecturer it›s absurd to claim Rwanda that all countries hosting actually went remarkably fast with come social media of School of Journalism is taking in these refugees refugees get funding from considering the complexity of users terming it a business and Communication at the for other reasons other than UNHCR and other agencies as this issue. while others went further to University of Rwanda. humanitarianism and pan- well as foreign governments. “Out of the 500 refugees say that the country would He added that Africa Africanism. «Why should it “So, the idea that because to be welcomed in Rwanda, engage the refugees in wars should step up and take be a humanitarian act when Rwanda is receiving funding 66 were evacuated only 10 around the region like those responsibility for its citizens. European countries take in to look after the refugees days after the signature of raging in the Democratic This will advance its leaders› refugees but other reasons from Libya is business, is the MoU and another flight is Republic of Congo. Some mantra of «Africans finding when it’s African countries?” outright silly.” planned soon with over 100 analysts, however, have got a more people,” Villechalane different view. said before the second group The fact that the of 123 migrants arrived in superpower countries such Rwanda on October 10, two as France, Germany, the weeks later since the arrival United States of America, of the first group. Canada, United Kingdom, She revealed that these Denmark, Sweden have cut refugees are now safe the numbers of resettlement, in Rwanda and can be this has affected a big number provided with protection of refugees who are facing services and humanitarian harassment, persecution, assistance while solutions war, hunger and torture. are being sought including «I think that Rwanda has repatriation, resettlement done a good thing to welcome to a third country, return to these refugees. For as you first country of asylum if any, know, they have been living family reunification. under terrible conditions “The Emergency Transit in Libya and the west no Immigrants were escorted to Gashora Camp in the south East of Rwanda Mechanism in Rwanda is 24 PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

an example of the kind of the Emergency Transit Human traffickers have spilling out of Syria and other required to respect the humanitarian interventions Mechanism, while the AU is taken advantage of the state parts of the Middle East, laws and regulations of needed to rescue vulnerable providing overall strategic of war and general lawless according to the International the host country. Freedom refugees and asylum seekers and high-level political in Libya to offer immigrants Organisation for Migration. of movement is granted who are caught up in the support, as well as advocacy. from the country a transit The Eritreans and Somali provided they inform the escalating conflict inside The UNHCR is bearing route to Europe through the refugees from Libya hosted authorities when they move Libya and need hope and the cost of the evacuation country’s 1,770km unpoliced by Rwanda have the right to outside of the district, said concrete solutions,” she said. flights, transport to the coastline. safe lives, access to medical the United Nations High Ms. Villechalane called transit facility in the Eastern About 182,000 African care, school and work, and Commission for Refugee for urgent action from other Rwanda’s Bugesera District, migrants transiting through the government in close external relations officer for countries to step forward to the basic needs of protection Libya have landed in Italy collaboration with UNHCR Rwanda. help in getting people out of and humanitarian assistance in the past two years, will ensure they become self- trouble and offer solutions. while working on durable exacerbating an already reliant. Rwanda is in charge of solutions critical refugee problem The refugees are Schools: Useful in Theory, Useless in Practice? By John Nkemnji, Ph.D*

f you could be wealthy •Each year of liberal We need schools to without going to school education reduces the risk of educate mindful, ethical, Iwould you spend the conflict in society by 20%. compassionate citizens. time and resources to go •Each year of schooling Imagine what would happen to school for education? increases a person’s potential to handicapped individuals While formal education income by 10%. if there were no schools (schooling) is critical for •Increased access to to accommodate their national development and education decreases the gap needs, advocate for them stability, the program of between the haves and the and educate them to make studies (curriculum) has have-nots. them more self-reliant barely changed from the I agree with critics and independent? Formal days of the “Saber-Tooth who believe that formal education helps to provide Curriculum” (teaching education needs reform or equalize opportunities hunting and gathering to match our evolving for many people regardless skills). The school system society. Fundamentally, of ethnicity, socio-economic predominantly lectures to the curriculum of formal status, gender, or age. age-determined students education has not kept up Societies with inequalities and has hardly evolved, with the times. Technology and disparities are not despite galloping changes in has rapidly evolved, and it is usually stable or peaceful. research, communication, challenging for some teachers A good educational system society, technology, and and parents. However, I provides individualized culture. The schools’ lack disagree with the assertion learning, authentic problem of adaptation, rising costs, that society no longer needs solving skills, and social and unrealistic expectations formal education, especially development. Education related to immediate gains beyond high school. With a also helps reduce the from schooling cause people Prof John Nkemnji. well-developed curriculum unemployment rate and the today, especially on social exist merely to prepare beyond career preparation. and an appropriate prison population. People media, to wonder if schools students for a job or career. Formal education develops interactive delivery system, learn when they recognize are necessary.(https:// Consequently, some people disciplined minds, transmits formal education whether that education will help happinessishereblog.com/) wonder if students are the culture and helps private, public, home-school, to give them autonomy, Students who drop out of wasting time and resources students function in society. online, or via apprenticeship empowerment, and primary school and are lucky by sitting in age-determined Enlightened leaders like is supposed to produce a emancipation. Education is enough to have lucrative groups, listening to lectures, Mandela alluded to the fact community builder who good for self-development careers often believe there is and memorizing facts that that “Education is the most actively and positively and social cohesion. no need for formal education. can easily be looked up from powerful weapon which you contributes to the community. For schools to succeed, Many drop-outs argue that computerized databases. can use to change the world.” It is also designed to pass on a committed partnership employment and money Critics of formal education A UNESCO document culture and produce liberated between students, teachers, are the reasons for formal usually forget that education “Education transforms lives,” citizens who are inquisitive, parents, government, and education and that schools is important for reasons highlights the following: productive and reflective. society must exist. Some PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 25 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

critics of formal education of colonial or foreign design expect schools to cure all with the belief that “Back to societal ills – environmental School” at the appropriate destruction, drug abuse, time will pay off. For about racism, gun violence, three years, students in the teenage pregnancy, obesity, Southern Cameroons have sexual abuse, etc. That is not been to school. They are not practical, especially with hoping for a better tomorrow, “hands-off parents” working so they can be taught using round the clock. Educators an up-to-date curriculum cannot do it all. by teachers who understand In schools where the their language and culture. curriculum is based on Colonial education is set local needs and not a up to make the colonized foreign system, the learners subservient. The teaching develop good self-concept, materials and methods lead collaboration, integrity, to minimal gains for the human dignity, patience, development of society. File Picture ,South African children in class. empathy, and other Good school systems are important values of the not static but keep changing done in formal institutions the good of citizens, nations, school theory and practice society. That is why nations and adapting to the times of learning. Technology will and the world at large since in keeping with the changing like the Southern Cameroons and the needs of all the not replace schools. Formal there are global problems times. and other developing states citizens. Technology is there education is necessary and that need collaborative- * The writer is Professor fight to change the school to facilitate education in needed by every citizen. solutions from educated Emeritus, Educational system to fit local demands. formal settings since most Formal education breeds the minds. Social media critics Technology. The people put off any form research and development is love for life-long learning for provide a catalyst for useful Investments in rail transport essential for the success of Africa's free-trade area By Aubrey Lekwane*

Africa is on the cusp of liberalisation, customs launching a free-trade zone efficiencies, and the seamless that could meaningfully boost movement of capital, goods economic growth and unlock and people across borders. the continent’s vast potential. With its strong road, rail Perhaps the most pressing and air-transport links, the requirement to improve EU model reflects just how economy in the region is the important it is to remove need for better transportation non-tariff barriers to trade. links between African states, According to a May 2019 particularly in the form of rail report by the International networks. Monetary Fund (IMF), The establishment of a non-tariff barriers in Africa continent-wide trade bloc are high “and represent a is an ambitious project, and critical obstacle to trade”. one that could move the The IMF says a reduction in needle in terms of reducing ground transportation costs poverty and promoting is “especially critical” to Africa’s industrialisation. encouraging intra-regional Aubrey Lekwane is Managing Director, South Africa, Bombardier Other regions, including trade and making a success Transportation. the European Union of African Continental Free network is the single biggest movement of goods, to the rest of the world, (EU), offer good case Trade Area (AfCFTA). opportunity in that regard. businesspeople and tourists particularly the continent’s studies on the benefits of The development of a A reliable rail network across the continent, while landlocked nations. Rail is economic integration, trade comprehensive African rail would allow for the efficient also improving Africa’s links also a sustainable solution 26 PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs given that it is far more being developed worldwide routes. Worse still, the lack of expertise and solutions to environmentally friendly including: Bombardier focus on rail until recently propel the continent forward. than road and air transport – • Hydrogen fuel cells Transportation, which has placed a drag on South Ultimately, rail’s Africa’s natural environment in trains: work by generating designed and supplied a fleet Africa’s exports. contribution towards is one of its greatest assets, power through an onboard of 96 rail vehicles for South Thankfully, the South an integrated transport and it must be protected. fuel cell that combines Africa’s world-class Gautrain African government is re- network will help Africa to Rail investments stimulate hydrogen and oxygen system, sees a golden era investing in the country’s attract investment and to economies while reducing • Battery-powered ahead for Africa’s rail sector, rail links – a move that be competitive in the global carbon emissions and urban locomotives: battery system which has suffered from Bombardier Transportation trade arena. Rail is the only congestion – a major issue that can be recharged by chronic under-investment in fully supports. Going forward, sustainable transportation and growth impediment in overhead wires on electrified recent decades. these efforts need to be solution to many of today’s many African cities. tracks or by charging stations Today, African freight increasingly coordinated with environmental, social and As Africa is making on non-electrified routes and passenger transport the country’s neighbours. economic challenges and investments in rail industry, • Liquefied natural is heavily reliant on road South Africa also has an Bombardier is looking green transportation and gas: (LNG) is being used in infrastructure. In South opportunity to become a forward to moving millions sustainable mobility should the rail industry as an option Africa, the continent’s most major rail manufacturing daily safely in the African be a priority. Backed for dual-fuel locomotives advanced economy, nearly hub as the continent invests region by new regulations and These investments will 90% of freight is moved by in railway infrastructure, *Aubrey Lekwane is environmental groups, the help develop a zero-emission, road, for example. That is a including new trains, Managing Director, global trend towards greener energy-efficient and cost- staggering proportion, and signalling systems and South Africa, Bombardier forms of transport is affecting effective alternative to diesel this overreliance means general maintenance. Rail Transportation multiple industries including trains. Deploying fuel cell and that our roads need to be will play an important the rail industry. battery technology for rail constantly repaired while role in Africa’s future, and Several alternatives to transportation will usher in traffic congestion worsens Bombardier Transportation diesel trains are currently a new era for non-electrified in the face of urbanisation. is keen to apply its global Rwanda's satellite RWASAT-1 to hit the orbit next month By Jean d’Amour Mugabo

First ever Rwanda’s owned satellite RWASAT-1 has got into the international space and is expected to be launched into the orbit on November 18, according to officials. Revelations about RWASAT-1, in technical terms, were made on October 8 in Kigali at a joint press briefing by the Ministry of ICT and Innovation, Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority (RURA) and the Japanese Embassy in Rwanda. The satellite was built by three Rwandan engineers and a team of Japanese at Tokyo University under the Japan- Rwanda partnership inked on May 9, 2018. ICT Minister Ingabire , RURA DG Nyirishema and Japan Ambassador Takayuki Miyashita briefing the media about RWASAT 1 Lt. Col Patrick Nyirishema, RURA Director-General, said was launched from the briefing, Takayoshi Fukuyo, captured on September 28 by weighing no more than 1.2 kg, RWASAT-1 was sent to the Tanegashima Space Centre by one of the RWASAT-1 the ISS robotic arm, awaiting is the type of CubeSats which International Space Station the Japanese Aerospace and developers, said the HTV-8 the satellite’s alignment with are commonly tiny satellites (ISS) on September 24. The Exploration Agency (JAXA). “Koutonori 8”, a cargo ship the selected orbit. that are usually deployed into rocket carrying this satellite Speaking at the press which stores RWASAT-1 was The 10 x 10 cm satellite, low earth orbit from where PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 27 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

OneWeb base at the spaceport on the Atlantic coast of French Guiana. they can send information to “In the past, satellite the two RWASAT-1 onboard ground stations. technology was in bulk multispectral cameras and Paula Ingabire, the satellites that cost hundreds will then be transmitted to OneWeb launched Icyerekezo satellite in Minister for ICT and of millions of dollars. We are ground control centres where collaboration with Rwanda in February 2019 Innovation said that about now going into a time where they will be used to make from the spaceport on the Atlantic coast of French 50 Rwandan engineers it’s possible to build low-cost informed decisions. Guiana. have been trained in space satellites that can achieve Reports indicate that technologies since Rwanda many applications,” he said, Rwanda became the 10th entered into a partnership adding that RWASAT-1 is in African country to send with Tokyo University mid line with the bigger National a satellite in the space last year. Space Programme and is in February, 2019 when “Since we signed the expected to reduce the cost OneWeb, a UK based agreement with the University of data. company, worked with of Tokyo, it has opened doors Officials said that Rwanda to launch a satellite to Rwandan engineers to RWASAT-1 project has cost named “Icyerekezo” that use their laboratories for $925,000 with Rwanda and provides broadband internet assembly, integration, and Japan providing $250,000 to Rwandan schools in testing of RWASAT-1,” she and $675,000 respectively. remote areas. said. Designed for the space Other African countries Lt. Col Nyirishema said research, RWASAT-1 will with satellites in the space Rwanda is new on the journey help the government monitor are Algeria, Angola, Egypt, of lean space technology but water resources, natural Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, the country chose to build disasters, agriculture and Morocco, Nigeria and South Rwanda s first owned satellite RWASAT 1 to be capacities on this initial meteorology. The data will Africa. launched in the space next month. Photo IGIHE. journey. be collected in the sky using

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Johanna Leblanc, Dr. Gloria B. Herndon Shina Atibola J.D.,LL.M.,M.S.,Hon. LL.D Founder, President & CEO Divisional Head Foriegn Affairs/Nat’l Security GB Group Global Retail and Custumer bank- Professional | GITMO Legal ing at Sterling bank Plc

PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 29 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa With MPower, African Students Can Dare to Dream Big- Georgetown Alum Grace Chimezie By Ajong Mbapndah L race Chimezie was So I really do recommend at the end stretch them because within the Gof her studies at first two weeks I had already Georgetown University in gotten an answer about the Washington with financial loan process. challenges struck hard. She You graduated in May was unable to complete her this year, when are you tuition, and her application going to start repaying to traditional borrowers were the loan? not gaining much traction. Grace Chimezie: I have Faced with the real threat already started repaying the of putting her studies on hold, loan Grace Chimezie , originally It is some 5 months after from Nigeria was advised you graduated, did you get a by someone in her to give job or were you pressured to MPower Financing a try. The start repaying the loan? application was hassle free, Grace Chimezie: I decided and Grace was granted the to kind of start repaying the loan which enabled her to loan as soon as possible. It is Thanks to a loan from MPower Financing,Grace Chimezie was able to complete her studies. Upon kind of important to know the complete her studies at Georgetown, University. Graduation, Grace had a job budget for the schools you are with the World Bank , and needed payment for the you just needed to show that you had, is it a going to and the loans you are is now with the National second year and I went to my approval that like possibility service that you are borrowing because that will Democratic Institute in school advisory board and of repaying the loans or your going to recommend to give you an understanding of Washington,DC. they recommended MPower statement of account that is people? what you have to do and the Dynamic and ambitious, Financing as an organization the amount you are going Grace Chimezie: Definitely repayment of the loan is not Grace started repaying the that could help me get a loan. to get from them and your because they came at a time as burdensome as someone loan even before she officially How was your experience resume. It was a very easy when I really needed it. I will assume. The best advice I graduated. Asked if she was going through the loan process compared to what I had one tuition left to kind will say is do your budget to under any pressure to start process? What did you would have gone through if I of graduate and if I did not know that when you borrow repaying the loans so soon, have to do? was going through a federal get that loan approved, I the loan and what you have Grace indicated that the Grace Chimezie: If you or financial aid because I was not going to graduate, in your own account so you decision was solely hers. are getting a loan from an did not have collateral or and this is someone who had do not start offsetting that in For African students who American bank, you needed someone who would provide done almost all her courses your own account. I was not dream big and do not have a reference or someone who that for me. and having that one little fee pressured to have a job as the means, MPower can help will support you. For MPower, Based on the experience I would not have graduated. I am already working right turn those dreams to reality , now so it is just easier to start she said. doing that (paying the loan) How did you hear about now. Empower Financing? So, the decision to Grace Chimezie: I was start paying the loan studying in Georgetown was solely yours and University (Washington, not because Empower DC,USA), and I had paid my Financing pressured first year tuition because I you? had like a two year degree Grace Chimezie: Oh no, program I applied for. I was They did not put pressure. in Georgetown for a Masters You have to get into an degree in Communications, agreement with them that this Culture, and Technology is when you will start repaying and my focus was between the loan. The repayment plan Technology and Public is not burdensome depending Policy. So I had done my Grace with Maureen Klovers.Dreams can become realities for young African on how much you borrow. first year payment and I students through MPower Financing, says Grace. When you say it is not 30 PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

burdensome, what do monthly, if there is a the borrower succeeds we You come from a there is always an answer for you mean? possibility to pay earlier succeeds so borrowers can country and continent it and the bigger your dreams Grace Chimezie: I is that an option? end paying us early that is with so many young the bigger the opportunities borrowed $20K, and my Maureen Klover chimes fine and they end up paying people, what advice do for you to kind of achieve all repayment plan is around in: One of our features is that less overall because they are you have for the young of them. I will advice people $193 a month so I think that there is no prepaid penalty. paying under the principle people with this kind of to dream big because the is kind of lenient considering Some lenders actually charge or early. If someone gets an opportunity MPower more you dream big the more the amount I borrowed. And you to pay early because amazing job out of school and provides? prospective answers you will you have like an 11 to 12 year it is in the borrowers’ best earns a hundred thousand Grace Chimezie: The have for the dreams. plan to repay the loan. interest because we kind of dollars, they could pay the message will be do not limit With regards to the fixed end up benefiting less overall. whole amount right away and your dreams because once payments that are done But again our motto is when that will be fine. your dreams are big enough A Lifeline for African and International Students In MPower Financing By Ajong Mbapndah L or international schools in the US and Canada. students, and those You need to be within two Fwho aspire to study years of graduation and for in the USA and Canada, one an MBA that is fine as it is of the biggest challenges a two year degree. For any remains how to secure funds. kind of two year degree it will Traditional student loans cover that and then if you are end up been very costly and at your last two years of your eligibility conditions are undergraduate. Very simple often stringent for them. and eligibility criteria and In MPower Financing, you can do a 30sec eligibility international students and check on our website and it those from Africa aspiring to will tell you if you are eligible study in Canada and the USA or not. It is just 3 questions now have a partner to help and they will ask you about them live their dreams. the cost of your degrees, From the application, where you are going and what to eligibility criteria, and you are studying. What is Maureen Klover says she will like to see MPower be of more benefit to young repayment, MPower is African students. really unique about us is that shaping up to be a dependable we do not make our credit vehicle for them to fulfil their more African students benefit really important to us and we some students from the decision base on your family’s dreams of quality education. from the unique services are happy to talk to you. Diaspora who are permanent income or asset and so it “Any student from any offered by MPower. Do you provide funding or are already working here is not a collateral loan. We African country except You are Director of Social for students only in the who also get loans. make our decision base on Sudan is eligible to apply Impact with MPower US or do you also provide What is the cap or limit your future earning potential provided that they go to Financing. What is funding to students in students can get? so we are looking at your one of our 350 schools in MPower Financing and Africa who are in need of Maureen Klovers: We can past earning history, your the US and Canada,” says what do you do? funding? loan up to $25K at one time past professional experience, Maureen Klovers, Director of Maureen Klovers: We are Maureen Klovers: Most and $50K overall for any the school you are going to, Social Impact with MPower the world’s only lender that of our students are based student. the degree you are going to Financing. Interviewed in provides fix rate education in Africa and other parts of What are the criteria for get and so if you are going Washington,DC, Maureen loans to international the world and are coming to students to benefit from to get an MBA degree, or Klovers said MPower is students from all over the the US for graduate degrees. the loans? an Engineering degree we gaining grounds in countries world without requiring a So 80% of our students Maureen Klovers: You are confident that you are like Nigeria, Ghana, Malawi, US collateral or a US credit are pursuing graduate first need to be eligible and going to get a good earning Kenya and Cameroon . Our history. That is very unique degrees. We can make we have very broad criteria. potential and be able to pay motto is “when the borrower and Nigeria is our second loans to students pursuing So any student from any us back. succeeds, we succeed,” said biggest market while Ghana graduate degrees or students African country except Sudan How different are you Maureen Klovers as she is rising in the ranks- I think in their last two years of is eligible to apply provided from the other loan expressed the hope to see our 6th largest. So Africa is undergraduate. We do have that they go to one of our 350 structures that are out PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 31 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

there? those small payments. The current to the credit bureau. and scholarship winners to are more likely to be approved Maureen Klovers: Very benefit is that you are not So we can do a variety of raise our profile. We have a at least for more money if different because most paying interest on interest so things and we also have a path lot of scholarship programs you are in an MBA program Africans right now are either people do not realize that if to success initiative where we but honestly Africans have or any STEM (Science, using funding from their you do not pay while you are in can do a free review of the dominated the winner’s Technology, Engineering and families which mean we school it accrues and you end student’s resume; how to ace list. We have had winners Mathematics) degree just are talking about wealthy up paying more and the other an interview and those are for from Nigeria, Malawi, and because your future earning individuals or while other thing is that it allows you to international students. Kenya and so through our potential is that much better. lenders will ask you to build your US credit history With regards to the scholarship program we are But I do not want to dissuade mortgage your home for so that when you graduate students who live Africa getting the word out there. anyone from applying example. What is unique you can get a credit card, car and come here, do you We started a new Facebook because even if you are a about us is that we do not loan and pass a credit check help them with visa group, and Africans are communications major or in require you to mortgage or to for employment. After that 6 application? by far the number one the Arts or in some other field rely on your parents. Again, months grace period, there is Maureen Klovers: Thanks demographics in that group you can still get funding. But we are focusing on the future a ten year repayment period for asking. We provide visa and we have also been doing it is just more likely if you are earning potential. where you repay the interest support and the processes focus groups through our in a business or STEM field. Any idea of the number in principle. is that you go through most consulting firm to better In the course of your of African students you With the experience of our loan process and we understand the challenges studies maybe the cost currently have? that you have had, how conditionally approve you facing African students and becomes more than you Maureen Klovers: We have prompt is the repayment then we will provide you women. Only 35 per cent of anticipated, are there roughly 500 at the moment. process? How flexible a letter to take to the US our borrowers from Nigeria prospects for applying Our biggest market is India are you when it comes to Embassy that says yes, this are females, so that is what for additional loans? but our second biggest these repayments? student has enough funds we have been focusing on. Maureen Klovers: Our market is Nigeria. Our 6th Maureen Klovers: We try to be in the US. The process In terms of overcoming the lifetime cap for borrowers biggest market right now is to be really flexible because to get a student visa is that barriers for women in Africa is $50K. A typical borrower Ghana, and other African we are a social benefit you need to show you have we have recently partnered borrows 31K, so they are countries include South corporation which means sufficient financial support, with the Malala Fund and below that. So, let us say you Africa Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya we are for profit, we are not so we will provide a letter that we are going to be donating borrow 30K and you have a and Cameroon. a non-profit organization we are providing loans and $25 from each of our loans shortfall, you could apply to With regards to loan but we have social point together with other savings to them to support access to borrow another $20K and we payments, at what point objectives and our motto is. and amounts that should be secondary education for girls see that a lot. We have some do you require students So what we do is that when a sufficient. in India, Nigeria and other students like in one of our to start repaying? student gets into trouble, we What are you doing to places around the world. scholarship we have people Maureen Klovers: Our loan can put them on forbearance broaden your outreach Which fields of study will like Fulbright scholars, and product is unique in that for up to 24 months so we in Africa since you have easily make students they get a hundred per cent students pay interests while can put their payments on been in existence for five to meet your eligibility scholarship and they can get they are in school interest pause and we can also offer years now? criteria? a loan from us like $20K to only and then for 6 months them a $25 credit billing Maureen Klovers: This Maureen Klovers: Actually cover their lodging, food and after graduation. A lot of option where they make $25 interview is a start and we we do not have any limit in the everything. our students get like an on payment a month and we are also trying to bring more fields of study, you could be in campus job to help make continue to report the loan of our Nigerian borrowers any degree program but you 32 PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

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PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 33 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Is Oil Discovery In Kenya A Blessings Or A Curse? By Samuel Ouma |@journalist_27 n August 2019 Kenya commence in 2024. joined the rank of the In the midst of cheers and Ipetroleum exporting celebration that marred the countries after it released its shipment of the maiden oil first batch of 200,000 barrels there is anxiety about the to the international market future. Kenya would not wish under the Early Oil Pilot to follow the footsteps of Scheme (EOPS). However, petroleum producing nations the East African country which are well-known for will wait until 2024 to reach wars. Conflict is likely to the level of their African erupt in such countries over counterparts such as Nigeria, the ownership of oil fields. Angola, Republic of Congo, For instance, South Sudan Equatorial Guinea and Gabon and Sudan have engaged in when the full exploration is long term conflict fighting for expected to begin. FILE PHOTO. A worker walks at a Tullow Oil explorational drilling site in Lokichar, oil fields. Many were killed Turkana County, Kenya, February 8, 2018. REUTERS Baz Ratner File Photo. Kenya’s President Uhuru and thousands displaced Kenyatta flagged off Kenya’s and according to standard petroleum and Petrocam. people. 75 per cent of it during 1983-2005 war fought first crude oil export as international terms,” read the The exploration is regulated is allotted to the national between the two. Kenyan expects more benefits statement from the ministry. by the Energy Regulation government, 20 per cent to In the past there has been associated with the product. Commercially viable Commission and the Ministry Turkana County government tension between the local The oil was dispatched oil was first discovered in of Mining. and 5 per cent to local community and Tullow Oil by the China National 2012 by British firm Tullow The firm said the onshore community. Company, the locals held Chemical Corporation Ltd in Turkana, the country’s fields in Turkana have “This shipment is the protests over a number of (ChemChina) at a cost of $12 northwest followed by approximately 560 million first under the Early Oil unresolved issues. They million. discovery of hydrocarbon barrels, which has translated Pilot Scheme (EOPS) and accused the company of “The government will in offshore Lamu basin in to 60,000-80,000 barrels trucking will continue for sidelining them when issuing ensure that the local the coastal region. Forty per day and 100,000 barrels the next 18-24 months. For tenders and in employment. communities benefit from the wells have been drilled since daily are expected by 2024. project Oil Kenya, the Kenya There was also a protest oil and that the fruits of the then but only Twig 1 South, Before the shipment transfer Joint Venture Partners against land confiscation resource are also shared in Ngamia 1, Ekale 1 and Etuko of crude oil to Mombasa by in collaboration with the without compensation. an equitable and sustainable in the tertiary rift are the only road was launched early June Government of Kenya target However, President manner. I urge all those in wells under exploration. The 2018. to reach a final investment Kenyatta had warned charge to avoid any misuse of firm previously unearthed oil Shipment of crude oil is decision in 2020,” reiterated Kenyans against imitating the resource that would deny in Uganda and Tanzania. set to generate revenue to Tullow Oil CEO Paul McDade. war-torn countries saying others from its benefit,” said Tullow began the oil the government, employment People from all walks of life there is effective resource President Kenyatta. search alongside Africa Oil and development to people. expect the oil exportation to management to curb such ChemChina outrun seven Corp and now there are a The Petroleum Exploration change the face of Turkana menaces. other international firms number of traders such as and Production Bill underline people who are among the “The negative competition from Asia and Europe to Shell, Kenol Kobil, Mogas, how revenue will be shared poorest in the country. The for oil and other natural land the multi-billion tender Hass, Hashi Energy, Gulf between the national and region is one of the areas resources have seen peaceful according to Kenya’s ministry Energy, Olympic, Dalbin county governments and that experience consistent countries go to war. It has of petroleum. drought annually seen brothers take arms “ChemChina UK Ltd submitting the against each other as mothers was selected following a residents to severe burry their children with no competitive tender process famine. There are hope for the future. I pray that through which an invitation to suggestions that the we will not be visited with the bid was issued to prospective revenue generated same curse. I also pray that buyers on July 26, 2019 and be used to initiate we will view the discovery to which there was strong development of oil and gas as a blessing response with 8 bids received projects to improve that will manage effectively from international companies the livelihoods of and efficiently for the benefit representing European and the community who of future generations,” said Asian refineries. ChemChina are pastoralists. Kenyatta was selected on the basis President Uhuru Kenyatta during the official flagging off The realization of of the Kenya s first oil shipment. of their offered process the full benefits will 34 PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Academics Urge US Government To Channel More Resources Towards Education And Scientific Research In Africa By Amos Fofung rofessor Nkem Commissioner, Human Khumbah, Chairman Resources, Science and Pof Africa Development Technology at African Union Futures Group, ADFG, has Commission, who shared urged the United States information about regional government to channel its cooperation in African foreign investment, resources Higher Education and and policies meant to develop relevant lessons for further Africa into fostering and collaboration, Ambassador professionalizing higher Arikana Chimbori of the AU education in the continent. Mission to the USA, Prof. The educationist cum Orlando Quilambo, AAU lecturer at the University President and Vice Chancellor Prof Nkem Khumbah flanked by Ambassador Tibor P. Nagy , Hon. Amro Adly of Michigan outlined that at the University of Maputo, ,Deputy Minister of Education, Egypt, and Dr. Menna Demessie. Africa faces many challenges Mozambique in company which can duly be addressed Khumbah, who was sharing Africa, including a large While China is building the of Prof. Rungano Zvobgo, if more attention and the stage with US Assistant representation of the African roads, putting Billions of Southern Africa member. resources are invested in its Secretary of State for African diaspora; Nkem Khumbah Dollars on infrastructure and Dr. Beatrice Khamati higher education systems, Affairs, Tibor Nagy, pointed said higher education was winning the hearts of African Njenga, Head of Education permitting Africans to better to the fact that attention is one of the major keys to heads of states, helping Africa Union Commission- carry out scientific research, only paid to Africa based unlocking Africa’s enormous develop its higher education Human Resource Science and finding solutions to on its colonial past and its potentials . can win the hearts of the Technology, chaired their own problems without inefficiencies. Dissecting the Advocating for the entire population,” he said. the session centered on waiting and hoping on foreign continents inability to better harmonization of African With better cooperation “Strengthening US-Africa aid. bargain for itself due to the educational systems so as to between the US and Africa Governments Academic Speaking last week at the small size of its countries permit the exchange of ideas in higher education expected Diplomacy and Research launch of the North American as opposed to those in Asia, and research topics, thus to shift gear with the Cooperation Policies” which office of the Association of he maintained that, thanks facilitating intercontinental establishment of the North had as panelist Ambassador African Universities, AAU, to the African Union, the exchange of knowledge, American office, speakers Tibor P. Nagy (Assistant in Washington, DC, Prof continent now has that one Nkem Khumbah used the and moderators at the launch Secretary of State for African Nkem Khumbah did applaud voice, to better represent her story of the Koreas’ to better were all unanimous that the Affairs, US Department US support to Africa but regional interests. disseminate his idea. bilateral relation between the of State), Hon. Amro reiterated that it will be more “The challenge that I “We often talk about how two continents will flourish. Adly (Deputy Minister of beneficial if redirected into see is that resources and Korea was receiving aid in Speakers included Education, Egypt), Prof. enhancing higher education policy, have not so much the 1950s from Ghana and H.E. Sarah Ayang-Mbi Nkem Khumbah (Prof. and in the continent, given that accompanied the level of Cameroon; what turned the “it is the caliber of African latent interest in that area… stakes around was higher universities’ graduates that the US is the one singular education and scientific will produce and manage country in the world that has manpower, with significant the knowledge that gives the deepest roots in Africa US support through higher relevance to its other and if you look around the education and research institutions – government, continent, Africa is seen in cooperation,” he said. trade, defense, agriculture, terms of big brother, younger He expressed hope that health, finance, energy and brother and this determines establishing the North diplomacy”, that it is by the policies that accompany American regional office “supporting Africa to vitalize actions.” of the Association of its Higher Education systems Holding at the premises of African Universities will that the continent may turn the African Union Mission to strengthen the interface for its increasing demographics the United State, attendees linking higher education into a dividend to drive its included dignitaries from institutions and enterprises development agendas and Africa and American in the USA with their African enhance its democracies”. Diplomats, academic and counterparts. Prof Nkem Khumbah with Ambassador Tibor P. Nagy ,Assistant Secretary of State for African In his address during professional associations, Higher education “can be Affairs, US Department of State at the AAU launch the pre-launch season of higher education stakeholders a powerful, strategic winning in Washington,DC. the regional office, Prof in North America, and from area for US foreign policy. PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 35 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Steering Committee, STEM- Affinity Group. Sharing of Public and Land Grant African Diaspora’s Academic Chancellor Eduardo Africa Initiative, University insights on the topic were, Universities, APLU), Prof. Relation in a session chaired Mondlane University, of Michigan) and Dr. Menna Alma L. Golden (Executive Nicholas Nsowah-Nuamah by Prof. Jane Naana Opoku- Maputo, Mozambique. Demessie, (Vice President, Director, USAID Global (AAU Vice President for West Agyemang, Ghana’s Former With the establishment Congressional Black Caucus Development Lab), Norman Africa). Minister of Education . of the regional office, AAU Foundation, Inc). Fortenberry (Executive On how to better galvanize The panel discussions and stakeholders hope to boast Forging “Strategic Director, American the Diaspora comprising sessions were crowned by continental ties between Partnerships among Key Society for Engineering some 20,000 African- the official launching of the Africa and North America Stakeholders in Academia, Education, ASEE), John born Academics, 105,000 regional office by H.E. Sarah and to identify key areas of Professional Associations Boright (Executive Director, African-American academics, Ayang-Mbi Commissioner, partnership that can drive & Research Institutions” International Activities, 105 HBCUs and a larger Human Resources, Science positive change in Africa was the focus of the third US National Academies of community that Africa seeks and Technology at African through Higher Education, session moderated by Science, Engineering and to involve in its development, Union Commission) and among others. Niamani Mutima, Executive Medicine), Tag Demment panelist presented view Prof Orlando Quilambo, Director Africa Grantmakers’ (Vice President, Association points on the topic; Advancing AAU President and Vice Revisiting The Controversial Legacy of Robert Mugabe By Nevson Mpofu less recognition in his home of Slave Trade which was country support the values, later abolished by Abraham principles and policies he Lincoln in 1836. Yester-Year crafted. He is said to be good Diaspora Pan-Africanists led to policy crafting but bad their Black counterparts to with implementation. This Liberalism. contributed heavily to his Fathers of Pan-Africanism fall and failure. Although he in Africa are Haile Selasie preached he could not put , Julius Nyerere , Kwame Pan-Africanism across for Khurumah , Ahmed Sekou success. May-be he failed to Toure , king Sobusa , Thomas understand it. Sankara and Muammar The connotative definition Gadaafi . These fathers most of Pan-Africanism is likely Kwame Khurumah that it is a movement to moulded an anti-hill of encourage, persuade and African solidarity with the strengthen strong bonds of formation of the Organisation African solidarity between of African Union [OAU] in Despite his flaws, Robert Mugabe was still highly respected by many across indigenous and diaspora 1964 . Africa. ethnical groups of people who Like the massive support frica is coming close eye. There is need to reflect of pain. Yes, true, Mugabe are of African descent and Robert Mugabe receives from to the end tunnel on New Pan-Africanism like was a true Pan-Africanist but origin who have their vestiges some up-rooting African Aof colonial –pan- what Julius Malema says. he has his loop-holes he left in the African soil. It up-holds Leaders, the likes of Julius Africanists. With the death of He is followed by others like unclosed. Unity of purpose to vitalise Malema, Robert Mugabe is Robert Gabriel Mugabe on 6 Patrice Lumumba a true ‘’He stayed in snuggled social, economic and political hailed for the role he played September 2019 in Singapore leading Pan-Africanist power comfort forgetting to progress. The goal is to lift up during the liberation struggle at Gleneagles Hospital, Africa ‘’Totally no. The death of build on his demise future. African people out of poverty, of Zimbabwe. Robert Mugabe is now left with only three, 3 Robert Mugabe is creation of He built his History but alas vulnerability so that they can as a political activist, his active , colonial Pan-Africanists that another new or other new Pan- it was destroyed by what he see the vision of their way to role shone its colours after his is Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia Africanists. Every generation, used as tactics to remain in social, economic and political release from imprisonment , Sam Nujoma of Namibia centenary and century has its monarch power. This could emancipation. in 1975. He straight away and Dos Santos of Angola . plenipotentiaries who mould be where he is pointed as an Grass-Roots Pan- left for Mozambique in the Following the long illness and weave a new World to be abuser of human rights.’’ Africanists like Malcolm X, company of Rekai Tangwena death of Robert Mugabe, left for posterity. A number of African Walter Rodney and Marcus his spiritual guidance and many people pose endless ‘’ It’s a bone to swallow loyalists to Pan-Africanism Garvey hailed from Africa by Edgar Tekere a politician number of questions. Is it the not to chew. It’s not difficult still pinning their support blood but have their navels who later became the first end of Pan-Africanism? The like how it is taken falsely by on Robert Mugabe whom in the USA left their legacy. Black Minister of Man-Power answer is NO. There is more many people. Its only there they acclaim Pan-African Their ancestors were taken Planning and Economic to it than meets the naked are some who are his feelers heroism though he received from Africa during the time Development in 1980. 36 PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

Julius Malema visited with a bang of negative critic Zimbabwe a week after the was the Gukurahundi war death of Robert Mugabe mentioned at the top which to pay his homage to his massacred 20,000 innocent purported icon. Malema lives. His intervention in lamented the need for young Mozambique, DRC and African leaders to follow the Somalia wars received heavy foot-prints of the late hero critic talk from those who whom he claimed was a true opposed Governments of Pan-Africanist. these countries. Zimbabwe ‘’He was a true Pan- Central Intelligence Africanist who had a comedic personnel tracked and killed/ start in the 1980s, however assassinated Jonas Savimbi his tragic end is nasty. He who had given Dos Santos was hounded by his followers long time civil un-rest and who led him astray by the political in-stability. ensued coup of 17 November. A number of people This saw him denigrated and disappearances have been left in the political cold until blamed on his dictatorship. his subsequent. Probably, Mugabe was part of a venerated generation of African leaders who fought for A number of Journalists were that was his time but he was independence. tortured, injured, abused and hounded until his death. decolonised the mind by Reconciliation between 1990’. This was followed by done cruelty. Among them is ‘’I simply urge young bringing Education to his Blacks and Whites. Next he the ZIMPREST, Zimbabwe the unfortunate Itai Dzamara Africans to follow his foot- people from the early 1980’s. took time to be-friend White Economic Program for who disappeared in Harare. prints. Africa, for it to He said Mugabe supported people. He even positioned 3 Economic and Social A number of Government prosper, it needs a crop of Indigenisation of his people. of them in his cabinet. These Transformation of 1989. officials like Ministers were new Pan-Africanists. For ‘’Mugabe, I assure you all, were David Smith Minister of Intervention into the involved in orchestrated car Africa to develop socially, he was that bold hero who Industry, Dennis Norman for Mozambique Civil War accidents. One good example economically and politically acted on Land Redistribution Agriculture, Timothy Stamps, between FRELIMO and is Maurice Nyagumbo who is it needs new fresh blood since 1980. The land reform Health and Fay Chung, RENAMO. suspected to have been forced dedicated to take the path and program of 2002 was his final Education. Economic Deregulation to take poison in 1989. He was lift up the burden to develop notion of versatility in Pan- Mugabe introduced Program of 1995. involved in Toyota Cressida their continent with love, African values of solidarity GENDER EQUALITY. Intervention into DRC scandal which involved him passion, peace and unity. with all the people. This was accompanied by WAR of 1997 along-side Mugabe and his first wife ‘’Africa like ever before, ‘’I doubt him not, he was 15 Legal Instruments to Laurent Kabila. Sally who was from Ghana. it needs perseverance and a hero enough to liberate his support women. He became Land Reform Program of Grant Corruption, Capital dedication of its young people twice by giving land very popular in election 2002. Flight and Totalitarian Rule people to take lead in new to them. This is brought to plat-foams. He looked at Operation Clean Up and Monarchic Leadership. development strategies. The clear evidence by some other main Humanitarian sectors Campaign of 2004 Grant Corruption has goal we cry for is to alleviate works he did during his time. Education, Health, food- Look East Policy with costed Zimbabwe billions poverty. Our vision is to move Although some take him as a security and three economic China still to be accounted for but towards economic freedom. villain, he stands great in his sectors Agriculture, Mining Government of NATIONAL the most surfacing is in the Thus why my political party whole work as a hero among and Manufacturing Industry. UNITY, ZANU-PF and MDC Mining sector where a total is called Economic Freedom some other heroes in Africa. In 1987 he united two Party 2009. amount of US 15 billion worth Fighters’’. This is Pan-Africanism’’. Liberation Political Parties Mixed Feelings Labelling resources disappeared. Much Robert Mugabe’s seeds of Robert Mugabe Famous ZANU PF and ZAPU PF Mugabe as Villain.. capital flight has been heavily Pan-Africanism according Inputs and Fallen Success into one Party. This was the He has been on the other blame put on Mugabe and to some people with the Programs.. Historic Unity Accord of 21 side taken as Machiavellian link with Chinese. A source same tongue like Julius December 1987. He ended politician who had dictatorial in the Mining sector in the Malema is that Mugabe Since 1980 Robert Mugabe the long protracted battle tactics meant to overthrow Government of Zimbabwe dedicated himself to liberate has been pushing for very known as Gukurahundi his enemies. During his commented on the issue at his people from colonial intelligent lucrative projects which resulted in the death of tenure of office since 1980, hand. rule of Ian Douglas Smith of and policies which to some estimated 20,000 civilians in a lot of human rights abuses ‘’Corruption, Grant Unilateral Declaration For extents some never yielded Midlands and Matebeleland described him as one of the Corruption. This is where he Independence [UDI] . positive results in his life Provinces. most despotic leader who lost credibility for himself. Malema continued to time. This is where he loses ESAP- the Economic lacked charismatic qualities. He mentioned a bigger figure praise and ululate Robert taste with many people. Structural Adjustment than the real amount and Mugabe whom he says In 1980 he called for Program of 1985 to early Where Mugabe kick started resources lost. The figure was PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 37 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

much ever than anywhere. Analyst Stephen Chan quoted Where has it happened that by media with a comment a country loses US15 billion. described Mugabe as a Yes, Grant Corruption has Leader who created enmity in been there in the country the World. Chan sees Mugabe thus why some Government as among Dictators not Pan- officials disappeared, ran Africanists. away. ‘’ He had divided the whole ‘’There has been much World. If he had continued unaccounted for Grant if younger than the age he Corruption in the Police. died, he would have done This made grow the kind worse to the World. He failed of petty corruption in the his people. Many things police targeting commuter went astray, lost direction bus drivers. This was really economy and the downfall of massive and scandalous. every sector.’’ A number of African leaders paid their respects to Mugabe. ‘’Mugabe had created ‘’He created for himself for himself and the family the worst legacy than any pan-Africanist. He worked those who surrounded him. a course/ subject in schools, a Mugabe Kingdom taking other Leader. In-fact this was to liberate others together He was not strict nor was colleges and Universities for the idea from King Mswati motivated by political avarice with others who were more he tracking on errors done, those in the future.. whom he once had friendship and unnecessary greedy. committed than him, the mistakes made by his wife, -Orientation of young with. That kind of idea made Africa must learn from what likes of Josiah Tongogara , friends and relatives.’’ people then Integration him stay longer than ever in was made as mistakes by such Leopold Takawira , Jason ‘’The bad of assassination into systems of Pan- African power. He was supposed to leadership. If done like that Ziyapapa Moyo , Joshua policy was to stay in values and development.. resign early before danger. then all can be alright. If he Nkomo , Hebert Chitepo and power. He side-lined and -Besides AU Day, Pan- His end is horror. Thus had put it straight, he would a few not mentioned . screened his enemies by African Day must stand alone tragedy indeed. have taken it the Nelson ‘’ He did better with eliminating them through to show solidarity of Africa Mixed feelings centralise Mandela, Kwame Khurumah decolonising the mind by death signature. His worst is and Afro-Americans and on Mugabe as a true way, Munjoma , accepting highlighting the brightness dictatorship and totalitarian others round the World.. villain through the way he defeat like Kenneth Kaunda’’ . of Education. The best he did rule. The worst of all brought -History of Pan-Africanists administered everything. Mugabe’s Personality and was to take land to the people him down. He brought his must be documented to live One mistake he has received the Greatest Mistake He but to an extent of certainty, wife close to political power for ever put in libraries, equal critic tongue lies on Made.. he brought the worst harm and leadership. This was the museums and schools. favouritism on the side of Themba Mliswa goes down to his people. He empowered worst of all’’, says of Mugabe, -Pan-African organisations his relatives. He had come memory lane in pursuit of those who had no skills, Themba Mliswa . funded to educate up with an Oligarchy, where what Mugabe did good , resources, finance, inputs, Views communities, forums on the he had family members to better , best , bad , worse and irrigation mechanisation and -Pan-Africanism is subject and trainings. sustain consolidated support worst . various implements. They long live. It needs a new and security on his side. ‘’He did good, better, have failed to develop. framework for future new A British based political best of all to show he was ‘’ He was not accountable to Pan-Africanism. It must be

US-Africa Cybersecurity Group (USAFCG) 2020 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW #220 Washington, DC 20006 T: +1 703 831 7584 E: [email protected] https://usafcg.com ©2018. All Rights Reserved. USAFCG is a registered Limited Liability Company in the District of bia, United States. 38 PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Rwanda eyes African market after inaugurating first smartphones plant on the continent By Maniraguha Ferdinand

onday, the 7th of other regional countries October, Rwanda where reign uncertainties. Mwrote history Inside the country, not as first African country to many impacts are expected inaugurate a plant that because the announced manufactures smartphones. prices for first smartphone The plant is situated in produced by Mara are seen heart of Kigali, in special in general population as high. economic zone, the area that Nsabimana Straton, a is reserved for industries. Kigali resident who spoke Mara Phones, a subsidiary to Pan African Visions said company of the Mara Group prices are still high. owned by businessman “It’s a good achievement Ashish Thakkar has started but prices are still high, they to produce two kinds of should have thought on those smartphones including Mara whose middle income.” He Z and Mara X. said President Paul Kagame Ashish Thakkar of Mara inaugurating this plant, Kagame holding a smartphone produced by Mara Phones. Group also revealed that he lauded this achievement targets African market more and he believes it is going to more Rwandans. The product big voice in the block. than USD 3.4 trillion. than Rwandan. increase number of Rwandans is backed by a warranty Unlike other great lakes Though Rwanda “This is the first plant that who use smartphones. and the price can be paid in countries, Rwanda’s economy championed such agreement, produces smartphones on According to Rwanda instalments over two years. has been growing over the it has limited products the continent, It has never Utilities Regulatory Agency They have tried to make it decade. It is one of the safest and services to compete been done before. This is (RURA), by September 2019, as simple and possible for countries to do business easily on the market. Bringing the time for Africa to make a phones penetration rate Rwandans as they could.” according to World Bank’s Mara Phones on board will difference in producing high among Rwandans was at 77 However , Mara doesn’t Doing Business Report. bring it in the race, since all quality products not only for % while internet penetration eye Rwanda as its big market Besides, Kagame is seen as smartphones that are used Africans but also beyond” he rate stood at 51 % as of June though geopolitics may have a champion of The African in Africa are imported and said while he introduced a 2019. played a big role setting up Continental Free Trade Area Rwanda wants to position plant in Kigali. “The percentage is still such plant in Rwanda. Agreement which covers Itself as regional hub in ICT. Mara phones announced really low of Rwandans It seems to be hard for a more than 1.2 billion people The other reasons, Rwanda that it have already started who are already using country of 12 million people with a combined Gross seems to be stable in terms of to attract regional markets smartphones, but we want to whose GDP per capita Domestic Product of more security and politics unlike like Democratic Republic enable many more who would stands at 740 to of Congo, Kenya and like to, and this is why dealing buy abundantly a Angola. with cost and quality is very smartphone of two Mara smartphones important” Kagame said hundred dollar. uses Android system The cost of first phones However Rwanda powered by Google. produces by Mara Phones has other qualities Mara plant in Rwanda ranges between one hundred that may have employs more than dollar and two hundred contributed to two hundred young dollar. convincing Ashish Rwandans, with few Kagame promised that Thakkar to set up his foreign experts. government is dealing with plant in Rwanda. The plant has capacity Mara Phones to see how price Firstly, Rwanda of producing about 1 can be reduced and be paid in sits right in the heart 000 smartphones a instalments. of Africa, it is one day, and building that “The introduction of Mara of major members plant has cost more than Phones will put smartphone of East African 50 000 000 USD. A man holding a smartphone manufactured by Mara Phones. ownership within reach of Community, it has a PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 39 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Kenya:How Eliud Kipchoge climbed the ladder By Samuel Ouma |@journalist_27

liud Kipchoge has proven that no human Ebeing is limited. It is right for him to be referred as the greatest athlete in history given his prodigious achievements in the world of athletics in the last seventeen years. His performance has not gone unnoticed; the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) has nominated him for the 2019 Male Athlete Awards slated for next month in Monaco, France. He will battle it out with Donavan Brazier, 800m world record holder (USA), Christian Coleman, 100m and 4x100m title holder (USA), Joshua Cheptegei-world cross country, 10,000m and President Uhuru Kenyatta awards Eliud Kipchoge with the Elder of the Order of the Golden Heart during Diamond League 500m title the Mashujaa Day celebrations. holder (Uganda) and his world tongue wagging when The son of a single mother the 2004 Athens Olympic In April 2013 he transited fellow countryman Timothy he completed the special in kicked off his career in behind the duo. to long distance running and Cheruiyot who won world Vienna, Austria in the world track where he majored in He further showed his won Hamburg Marathon in 1500m and Diamond League record of 1 hour, 59 minutes 5000m before switching to commitment to become a his debut in a course record 1500m tittles. Others are and 40 seconds dubbed marathon. He won at the great athlete at the 2006 time followed by successive Steven Gardiner-world INEOS 1:59 Challenge. Kenyan trials for the 2002 World Championships in triumphs at the Chicago 400m winner (BAH), Sam His career is traced back IAAF World Cross Country Moscow by winning bronze Marathon in 2014, 2016, 2017 Kendricks-world pole vault to his childhood days, failure Championships junior race. medal in the 3000m indoor and 2018. He has also reigned title holder, Noah Lyles to get breakthrough in Kipchoge was part of the activity and silver in the at the London Marathon four who won world 200m and marathon during his school team that represented Kenya 5000m final at the 2007 times; his first victory in the 4x100m titles both from days did not dump his spirit, in the Dublin event where he World Championship at lucrative competition came USA, Daniel Stahl-the world and he remained optimistic finished fifth. Osaka. in 2015, then 2016, 2018 and discuss winner (SWE), and engaged in thorough His hard work started The father of three bagged 2019. Christian Tylor- world triple training to nurture his talent bearing fruit during 2003 silver medal in the 5000m On September 2018, he jump title holder (USA) and including running two miles Bislet Games where he set event at the 2008 Beijing set a new record of 2 hours, Karsten Warholm-winner of to school on a daily basis. At a world junior record of Olympic with a time of 1 minute and 39 minutes the world 400m hurdles. the age of 16 (in 2001), two 12:52:61 in the 5000m race, 13:02:80 before shifting to at the Berlin Marathon Kipchoge is a Kenyan years after he completed his a record which stood for 9 road running in 2012. During breaking the previous record long-distance runner who secondary education he met years only to be broken by an his half marathon debut in held by his fellow national hails from Nandi, Kenya’s his trainer Patrick Kipsang, Ethiopian Hagos Gebrhiwet. the Lille Half Marathon he Dennis Kimeto. The world Rift Valley, born in 1984. former Kenyan International In the same year at the World was recognized as the second record holder has won 12 He recently entered into Athlete. The ex-Olympic Championship, he bagged fastest Half Marathon debut out of 13 marathons he has the Guinness World Record medalist in the steeplechase a gold medal beating future despite finishing in the third participated in since he after he became the first man made him believe that he is record holders Kenenisa place. He recorded 59:25, switched on to road running. on earth to run a marathon a winner and it did not take Bekele and Hicham El five seconds behind a record under 2 hours. On October long before he took part in Guerrouji. The following year set by his compatriot Moses 12, 2019, he left the entire international competitions. he suffered a shock defeat at Mosop in Milan in 2010.

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40 PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

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Call / eMail Us Tel:2404292177, email: [email protected], [email protected] PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 41 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa Samuel Eto'o: African Legend Retires from Football By Boris Esono Nwenfor sk anybody and Eto’o his illustrious career. will be put in the top Shortly after announcing Athree of the greatest his retirement, congratulatory African football players of messages came flooding in all times, and in the top 100 from former teammates, best players of all times. He opponents. Former FC is a multiple award winner in Barcelona teammate and three of the top five divisions present captain of the of European Football — Blaugrana Lionel Messi Spain, Italy, and England. joked on Instagram, “Have Samuel Eto’o, 38, a four- you decided to stop, Samu? I time African Player of the thought you would reach 40 Year (2003, 2004, 2005, at least… All the luck in the and 2010) has retired world in what you want to do from International football from now on, genius.” declaring “I need a rest” “The Another famous African end, towards a new challenge. footballer and African Legend Thank you all, big love, Didier Drogba equally posted adrenaline. “In a few months congratulatory messages you’ll see me doing something on Instagram. He said, Samuel Etoo ended his football career in Qatar SC in Qatar. new,” he added while saying “Congratulations for this “I need a rest. I’ve been great career Samuel Eto’o of his club career includes A, Coppa Italia and the former Mallorca coach. “He running for 19-years.” and very good continuation five huge successful seasons Champions League. told me to please listen to the Eto’o played for teams for the new challenges that with Barcelona from 2004 For his country Cameroon, people I knew. It is obviously such as FC Barcelona, Real await you… Africa is very to 2009. During that period, Eto’o participated in four, that the idea of being a coach Madrid, RCD Mallorca, proud of one of its greatest he scored 108 league goals world cups in 1998, 2002, is in my head. At the moment Espanyol, England’s Chelsea, ambassadors.” in 145 matches winning 2010 and 2014. He however I am in a period of reflection. Everton and Italy’s Inter Carlos Puyol wrote, “Thank three La Liga and two UEFA enjoyed success in the Samuel Eto’o has had a Milan. He equally played for you for all, brother. It has Champions League before Africa continent winning the stint at the dugout after he Antalyaspor and Konyaspor been a pleasure to share a departing to Inter Milan AFCON in 2000 and 2002. became the player-manager in Turkey from 2015 to 2018 team with you. Good luck in of Jose Mourinho. In his He made 118 appearances for of Turkish side Antalyaspor. and Qatar Sports Club in this new stage.” first season with the team Cameroon scoring 56 goals. Eto’o who joined the club on Qatar before calling time on The most successful period Eto’o won the treble — Serie Throughout his career, Eto’o a three-year contract took scored 359 goals and made over from Yusuf Simsek when 116 assists in 718 games. his contract was terminated Will Samuel Eto’o to go by mutual consent on Seven into coaching? December. During his time Following his retirement, there he won his first two Jose Mourinho recently games before suffering two backed the former losses, and a draw. He was Cameroonian international’s replaced by Jose Morais. potential to become a Fight against racism successful coach. At the Aspire Samuel Eto’o like most Academy Global Summit on African players has come Football Performance, and under racial abuse from Science in Doha, the 38-year- away supporters in some old who is an Ambassador for away matches. He is one of the Qatar 2022 FIFA World several high-profile players to Cup pondered on a move into have reacted to the abuse by management. threatening to leave the pitch “To be a coach I have to and being outspoken in critic study. My luck is that as of their experiences. Coaches like Jose Mourinho believe that Samuel Etoo deserved the prestigious a player I met a wise man In February 2005, during Ballon D’Or. who now rest in peace: Luis an away match with Real Aragonés,” said Eto’o of his Zaragoza, Eto’o was the 42 PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 Inside Africa Inside Africa PAN AFRICAN VISIONs

subject of a racial chant by Zaragoza supporters, who began making monkey- like chants onto the pitch whenever he had the ball. He was equally racially abused on 17 October 2010 in a Seria A game against Cagliari. Interesting fact about Eto’o Samuel Eto’o Fils is a native of Nkon, a suburb of Yaounde. He began his professional Samuel Eto’o is an Ambassador for the Qatar FIFA football in Cameroon with World Cup 2022. Kadji Football club before moving to Real Madrid in country. player and the only African Spain. Eto’o, an Olympic With a glittering 22-year to win the Ballon d’or at the Gold Medalist in 2000 was career that has come to an moment George Weah — crowned paramount chief in end, it is left to see whether who went into politics and Kaffu Ballom, chiefdom in Eto’o will go into coaching, is the current President of Sierra Leone in November or take another road in his Liberia. Many had even joked Samuel Eto’o, former Cameroon player during the 2015. He was visiting Sierra career. He has however on social media that Samuel Final of 2019 African Cup of Nations match between Leone as a part of the “FIFA closed the road on a political Eto’o would replace long Algeria and Senegal at the Cairo International 11 for Health and 11 against career like one of, if not the serving President Paul Biya. Stadium in Cairo, Egypt on. Ebola” program in the greatest African Football Eto'o go, Eto'o Came: Etienne Eto’o, son of legendary football striker, Samuel Eto’o set to further father’s legacy By Amos Fofung new dogma on the many, his name, alongside to camp with the national lips of sports pundit that of other international selection barely days after Ain Africa now is; Under-17 Cameroonians that his dad announced he was “Eto’o go, Eto’o Came” as were called to camp ahead retiring from football. Etienne Eto’o Pineda, son of the torney, was left out of Etienne Eto›o is eligible to of Cameroon’s legendary the list of selected players to represent Spain, the country international striker, Samuel represent the county. he was born in when his Eto’o Fils is anticipated Sports pondit attribute dad was playing in La Liga, to commence on his the decision of Cameroon’s however, the youngster international debut anytime Football Federation, has chosen to follow in soon for team Cameroon. FECAFOOT to the fact that he his Father›s footsteps by The 17-year-old who as well as his peers that were embracing the green-red- is already following in not included in the final list, yellow jersey of Cameroon. Samuel Eto’o’s footsteps by hold daul nationality. This With a proud stature, an captaining the youth squad has not however blown his impressive touch of ball of one of his father›s former chances of playing for team and a sense of finishing, clubs, Mallorca, is showing Cameroon. Etienne Eto›o, augurs hope relative affection and The Son of Cameroon’s all- for Cameroonian football as excitement to play for team time top scorer, Samuel Eto’o sports lovers in the country Cameroon. Fils rated among the top 3 anxiously anticipate he will He was recently called to legendary African players one day, most definitely play camp and he even played three who left his mark the word for the Indomitable Lions, be matches with a goal credits over from REAL MADRID, it at the junior level or main to him name as Cameroon Barcelona, Chelsea to Inter team. prepares for the forthcoming Milan, Etienne Eto’o said he Samuel Eto’o the FIFA Under-17 World Cup in is determined to prove his underrated legend Like father like son Etienne Etoo Pineda is Brazil. But to the dismay of worth when he got called Bobby McMahon of Forbes following the foot steps of his father. PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 43 PAN AFRICAN VISIONs Inside Africa

points that; after over twenty Eto’o would score 70 goals scoring dropped off with years as a player, Samuel in 165 appearances for Real “just” 31 goals over the Eto’o has announced his Mallorca and he helped the two seasons. retirement. Eto’o played for team to their only Copa del But things were about 11 teams and won 18 club and Rey in 2003. Barcelona came to change. The 2008/09 national team trophies and calling in 2004 and Real season was the first numerous individual awards. Madrid, realizing the error with Pep Guardiola in He scored 426 goals in 877 they had made years before, charge and Barcelona matches and retires holding were interested in reacquiring completed the treble the record for the most goals Eto’o. of domestic league and in the African Cup of Nations Barcelona paid Real cup, and the UEFA and is Cameroon’s all-time Mallorca €24m ($26.4m) to Champions League. leading scorer. sign Eto’o and by the end of Eto’o came roaring He is one of the best players the season he had repaid a back and one of his 36 that Africa has ever produced hefty chunk of the transfer goals was the opening and one of the truly great fee with 25 goals in 37 La Liga goal in the Champions strikers of the 21st century. appearances as Barcelona League Final against He had pace and strength, rolled to the title. Manchester United on he was a tremendous finisher The next season brought the way to a 2-0 win. from short-range and from more success as Barcelona Barcelona’s front Despite the strong interest, the young lad will not play distance, and he was just as won La Liga once again and three of Lionel Messi for Cameroon at the wold cup because of a Presidential likely to create a chance as he added the UEFA Champions (38 goals), Eto›o (36 directive that permits only home based to be used. was to score a goal. League as well. It was only goals) and Thierry The career of Eto’o started the second time Barcelona Henry (26 goals) combined than the battle-tested and was sold to Russian club with a bang. His debut for had won the European Cup. for a century of goals. proven qualities of Eto’o. Anzhi Makhachkala for €28 Cameroon came the day Eto’o also finished as the top Eto’o and €46m ($50m) The Ibrahimovic experiment million and he signed a three- before he turned 16 and he scorer in La Liga with 26 headed off to Inter Milan failed at Barcelona and after year deal, with a salary of was only 17 when he played and he played a pivotal role in exchange for Zlatan one season Zlatan was loaned €20 million (after taxes) per in the 1998 World Cup in in the Champions League Ibrahimovic. Ten years ago and then sold to AC Milan at season, making him, at the France. In 1997, he signed for Final against Arsenal. He was Ibrahimovic had only once a markdown price. time, the best paid player in Real Madrid but was loaned fouled by Jens Lehmann early scored more than 22 goals For Eto’o, 2009/10 the world. out three times before he in the game and the Arsenal in a season (2009 - 29 goals) brought another treble as he Eto’o headed to the Premier was sold to Real Mallorca for goalkeeper was sent off and and it was only with Milan in demonstrated other qualities League for a season at £4.4m ($5.3m) in 2000. Eto’o in the second half he scored 2012 that Zlatan became a that had lay hidden and Chelsea and then to Everton only made 7 appearances for Barcelona’s equalizer on the goal scoring machine. unappreciated. Eto’o’s finest and although he was past his Real Madrid and in many way to a 2-1 win. The conventional wisdom moment was perhaps his best he still contributed a few interviews down the years the The next two seasons was that Guardiola wanted display against Barcelona in highlight reel goals with a striker expressed bitterness were disappointing with no an option B and he felt that the Champions League semi- hat trick against Manchester at not have being given a fair trophies, just a lot of close the physical more imposing final second-leg at the Camp United the most memorable. chance at Madrid. things. However, Eto’o’s goal Ibrahimovic was a better bet Nou. The next five seasons With Thiago Motta brought stops in Italy, Turkey sent off after 30 minutes and finally in Qatar. Eto’o’s Eto’o responded with an best spell was three seasons incredible display of selfless with Antalyaspor where he play, tactical awareness and scored 44 goals in 77 games. defensive discipline. Inter In retrospect, the move to won on aggregate and moved Anzhi Makhachkala padded on to beat Bayern Munich Eto’o’s bank account but it in the final at the Santiago killed his playing career at Bernabéu, yes, the home of the elite level. He could have Real Madrid. Eto’o assisted easily have had another three on the opening goal. seasons at the very top. Highest paid player in the In 2013, Forbes listed Eto’o world in the top 100 highest-paid Although Eto’o scored 37 athletes in the world and a goals in 53 appearances the year later his net wealth was following season it was his estimated at $64m. A trophy laden career for Samuel Eto’o. last at Inter. Now 30, Eto’o 44 PAV - NOV 2019 - MAG 1119 Vol 2 PAN AFRICAN VISIONS M A R K E T IN G A F R IC A N S U C C E S S S T O R IE S & M O R E MAG 121 Vol 1, ecember 201 PANDemocrac AFRICAN - Good Goernance VISIONs - Corrution - African Union Inside Africa Inside Africa www.panafricanvisions.com The ear In Africa ith, Professor George Aitte. A new Gate Way to Africa for you with Pan African Visions Are you looking for more product or brand awareness? Are you trying to drive more traffic to your Bold and Innoatie How Prime Minster site? agame and The Abi Ahmed Is Herculean Tas efreshing African of eforming the Leadershi Bac on the ails. African Union Are you trying to grow your business or Finance Minister Calle Schlettwein Sierra Leone The PAGE 10 On conomic Second Coming Of network with decision makers? Prosects in Julius Maada onie PAGE 14 Namibia MC Foundation Bio and the Do you need cost effective advertisement edefinition of PAGE 31 Partnershi in Africa that will be seen by millions? PAGE 26 If you answered yes to any of the following PAGE 23 questions, then you can be saving yourself from a lot of time and money wasted on purchasing advertisement from highly competitive or low quality sites. 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