Roots of Language
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The Empirical Base of Linguistics: Grammaticality Judgments and Linguistic Methodology
UCLA UCLA Previously Published Works Title The empirical base of linguistics: Grammaticality judgments and linguistic methodology Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/05b2s4wg ISBN 978-3946234043 Author Schütze, Carson T Publication Date 2016-02-01 DOI 10.17169/langsci.b89.101 Data Availability The data associated with this publication are managed by: Language Science Press, Berlin Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The empirical base of linguistics Grammaticality judgments and linguistic methodology Carson T. Schütze language Classics in Linguistics 2 science press Classics in Linguistics Chief Editors: Martin Haspelmath, Stefan Müller In this series: 1. Lehmann, Christian. Thoughts on grammaticalization 2. Schütze, Carson T. The empirical base of linguistics: Grammaticality judgments and linguistic methodology 3. Bickerton, Derek. Roots of language ISSN: 2366-374X The empirical base of linguistics Grammaticality judgments and linguistic methodology Carson T. Schütze language science press Carson T. Schütze. 2019. The empirical base of linguistics: Grammaticality judgments and linguistic methodology (Classics in Linguistics 2). Berlin: Language Science Press. This title can be downloaded at: http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/89 © 2019, Carson T. Schütze Published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Licence (CC BY 4.0): http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ISBN: 978-3-946234-02-9 (Digital) 978-3-946234-03-6 (Hardcover) 978-3-946234-04-3 (Softcover) 978-1-523743-32-2 -
Language Creativity: a Sociolinguistic Reading of Linguistic Change in Lebanon
BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior Volume 1 Issue 1 ISSN: 2663-9122 Article 2 August 2019 LANGUAGE CREATIVITY: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC READING OF LINGUISTIC CHANGE IN LEBANON Sawsan Tohme English Department, Faculty of Human Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bau.edu.lb/schbjournal Part of the Architecture Commons, Arts and Humanities Commons, Education Commons, and the Law Commons Recommended Citation Tohme, Sawsan (2019) "LANGUAGE CREATIVITY: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC READING OF LINGUISTIC CHANGE IN LEBANON," BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior: Vol. 1 : Iss. 1 , Article 2. Available at: https://digitalcommons.bau.edu.lb/schbjournal/vol1/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ BAU. It has been accepted for inclusion in BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ BAU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LANGUAGE CREATIVITY: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC READING OF LINGUISTIC CHANGE IN LEBANON Abstract Language creativity in incorporated in everyday conversations and language behaviour. It is present in everyday expression although it might sometimes be invisible, looked down on or disdained. Regardless of whether we are in favour of or against this creativity, it is worth being recognised. As far as Lebanon is concerned, Arabic (i.e. Standard Arabic) is the official language, while Lebanese abic,Ar along with English and French, are the main languages used by the Lebanese. This language diversity can be explained in the light of a number of factors and sociolinguistic functions. -
Cohesion, Coherence and Temporal Reference from an Experimental Corpus Pragmatics Perspective Yearbook of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics
Yearbook of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics Cristina Grisot Cohesion, Coherence and Temporal Reference from an Experimental Corpus Pragmatics Perspective Yearbook of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics Editor-in-Chief Jesús Romero-Trillo, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Reviews Editor Dawn Knight, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK Advisory Editorial Board Karin Aijmer, University of Gothenburg, Sweden Belén Díez-Bedmar, Universidad de Jaén, Spain Ronald Geluykens, University of Oldenburg, Germany Anna Gladkova, University of Sussex and University of Brighton, UK Stefan Gries: University of California, Santa Barbara, USA Leo Francis Hoye, University of Hong Kong, China Jingyang Jiang, Zhejiang University, China Anne O’Keefe, Mary Immaculate College, Limerick, Ireland Silvia Riesco-Bernier, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Anne-Marie Simon-Vandenbergen, University of Ghent, Belgium Esther Vázquez y del Árbol, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Anne Wichmann, University of Central Lancashire, UK More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11559 Cristina Grisot Cohesion, Coherence and Temporal Reference from an Experimental Corpus Pragmatics Perspective Cristina Grisot Department of Linguistics University of Geneva Geneva 4, Switzerland Published with the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation ISSN 2213-6819 ISSN 2213-6827 (electronic) Yearbook of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics ISBN 978-3-319-96751-6 ISBN 978-3-319-96752-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96752-3 Library of Congress -
Quichua-Spanish Language Contact in Salcedo, Ecuador: Revisiting Media Lengua Syncretic Language Practices
QUICHUA-SPANISH LANGUAGE CONTACT IN SALCEDO, ECUADOR: REVISITING MEDIA LENGUA SYNCRETIC LANGUAGE PRACTICES BY MARCO SHAPPECK DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2011 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Hans Henrich Hock, Director of Research Professor Rajeshwari Vijay Pandharipande, Chair Associate Professor Anna María Escobar Professor José Ignacio Hualde Abstract The purpose of the current thesis is to develop a better understanding of the interaction between Spanish and Quichua in the Salcedo region and provide more information for the processes that might have given rise to Media Lengua, a ‘mixed’ language comprised of a Quichua grammar and Spanish lexicon. Muysken attributes the formation of Media Lengua to relexification, ruling out any influence from other bilingual phenomena. I argue that the only characteristic that distinguishes Media Lengua from other language contact varieties in central Ecuador is the quantity of the overall Spanish borrowings and not the type of processes that might have been employed by Quichua speakers during the genesis of Media Lengua. The results from the Salcedo data that I have collected show how processes such as adlexification, code-mixing, and structural convergence produce Media Lengua-type sentences, evidence that supports an alternative analysis to Muysken’s relexification hypothesis. Overall, this dissertation is developed around four main objectives: (1) to describe the variation of Spanish loanwords within a bilingual community in Salcedo; (2) to analyze some of the prominent and recent structural changes in Quichua and Spanish; (3) to determine whether Spanish loanword use can be explained by the relationship consultants have with particular social categories; and (4) to analyze the consultants’ language ideologies toward syncretic uses of Spanish and Quichua. -
Jargons and Pidgins and Creoles, Oh My!
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln UReCA: The NCHC Journal of Undergraduate Research & Creative Activity National Collegiate Honors Council 2016 Jargons and Pidgins and Creoles, Oh My! Emily Gray University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ureca Part of the Educational Methods Commons, Gifted Education Commons, Higher Education Commons, Language Description and Documentation Commons, and the Other Linguistics Commons Gray, Emily, "Jargons and Pidgins and Creoles, Oh My!" (2016). UReCA: The NCHC Journal of Undergraduate Research & Creative Activity. 72. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ureca/72 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the National Collegiate Honors Council at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in UReCA: The NCHC Journal of Undergraduate Research & Creative Activity by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Jargons and Pidgins and Creoles, Oh My! by Emily Gray University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Linguistics, as defined by the Oxford English Dictionary, is “the science of studying language, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and historical linguistics” (OED.com). Within this field, the study of pidgin and creole languages is the source of much controversy and disagreement. Due to their divergence from typical linguistic features and development patterns, pidgins and creoles have long been ignored by the linguistics community. Considered by many to be “inferior, haphazard, broken” versions of “older, more established languages,” these so-called “bastard tongues” were written off as unworthy of study (Todd 1). Only recently have these forms of language garnered interest from linguistic scholars known as Creolists. -
Herencia De La Inmigración Italiana. Cocoliche Y Lunfardo
Italianismos en el habla de la Argentina: herencia de la inmigración italiana Cocoliche y lunfardo Ulysse le Bihan Masteroppgave i Spansk språk UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Institutt for litteratur, områdestudier og språk (ILOS) Det humanistiske fakultet Veileder: Birte Stengaard Vår 2011 Autor: Ulysse Le Bihan Año: 2011 Título: Italianismos en el habla de la Argentina: herencia de la inmigración italiana. Cocoliche y lunfardo. http://www.duo.uio.no/ Universidad de Oslo II Sinopsis El presente estudio trata de la inmigración italiana a la Argentina y estudia los vocablos del italiano estándar1 y de los diferentes dialectos peninsulares que se mezclaron con el español de Argentina. El teatro y los tangos fueron los mayores vehículos de difusión de los italianismos. El teatro con el uso frecuente del cocoliche2, un fenómeno lingüístico que nos proponemos aclarar en esta investigación. El tango a través de la utilización de lunfardismos3, es decir palabras que se utilizaban en el habla popular. Para entender la importancia del lunfardo en la sociedad argentina, es esencial centrarnos en la literatura, en el teatro y en las letras de tango que han contribuido a la divulgación y a la aceptación del lunfardo. Este trabajo es ante todo un trabajo de recopilación de documentos importantes de anteriores investigaciones sobra la influencia del elemento italiano en el habla de los argentinos, en particular en el habla de Buenos Aires. En esta investigación enfocaremos nuestro estudio sobre las regiones de procedencia de los italianos. Luego estudiaremos el fenómeno lingüístico llamado cocoliche, como nació y como se desarrolló. Explicaremos entre otro el origen y el desarrollo del género teatral llamado sainete y del género teatral llamado grotesco criollo, en los cuales se encuentra el uso del idiolecto. -
Syntactic Changes in English Between the Seventeenth Century and The
I Syntactic Changes in English between the Seventeenth Century and the Twentieth Century as Represented in Two Literary Works: William Shakespeare's Play The Merchant of Venice and George Bernard Shaw's Play Arms and the Man التغيرات النحوية في اللغة اﻹنجليزية بين القرن السابع عشر و القرن العشرين ممثلة في عملين أدبيين : مسرحية تاجر البندقيه لوليام شكسبيرو مسرحية الرجل والسﻻح لجورج برنارد شو By Eman Mahmud Ayesh El-Abweni Supervised by Prof. Zakaria Ahmad Abuhamdia A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master’s Degree in English Language and Literature Department of English Language and Literature Faculty of Arts and Sciences Middle East University January, 2018 II III IV Acknowledgments First and above all, the whole thanks and glory are for the Almighty Allah with His Mercy, who gave me the strength and fortitude to finish my thesis. I would like to express my trustworthy gratitude and appreciation for my supervisor Professor Zakaria Ahmad Abuhamdia for his unlimited guidance and supervision. I have been extremely proud to have a supervisor who appreciated my work and responded to my questions either face- to- face, via the phone calls or, SMS. Without his support my thesis, may not have been completed successfully. Also, I would like to thank the committee members for their comments and guidance. My deepest and great gratitude is due to my parents Mahmoud El-Abweni and Intisar El-Amayreh and my husband Amjad El-Amayreh who have supported and encouraged me to reach this stage. In addition, my appreciation is extended to my brothers Ayesh, Yousef and my sisters Saja and Noor for their support and care during this period, in addition to my beloved children Mohammad and Aded El-Rahman who have been a delight. -
UNIT 4 HISTORY of HUMAN EVOLUTION* History of Human Evolution
UNIT 4 HISTORY OF HUMAN EVOLUTION* History of Human Evolution Contents 4.0 Introduction 4.1 Trends in Human Evolution: Understanding Pre-modern Humans 4.2 Hominization Process 4.2.1 Bipedalism 4.2.2 Opposable Thumb and Manual Dexterity 4.3 Summary 4.4 References 4.5 Answers to Check Your Progress Learning Objectives: After reading this unit you will be able to: analyze the major trends in human evolution; review characteristics which distinguish human from their primate ancestors; learn anatomical and cultural changes associated with the process of hominization; and comprehend the significance of these changes during evolution of human. 4.0 INTRODUCTION Humans first evolved in East Africa about 2.5 million years ago from an earlier genus of apes called Australopithecus, which means ‘Southern Ape’. About 2 million years ago, some of these archaic men and women left their homeland to journey through and settle vast areas of North Africa, Europe and Asia. Since survival in the snowy forests of northern Europe required different traits than those needed to stay alive in Indonesia’s steaming jungles, human populations evolved in different directions. The result was several distinct species, to each of which scientists have assigned a pompous Latin name. Humans in Europe and western Asia evolved into Homo neanderthalensis (‘Man from the Neander Valley’), popularly referred to simply as ‘Neandethals’. Neanderthals, bulkier and more muscular than us Sapiens, were well adapted to the cold climate of Ice Age western Eurasia. The more eastern regions of Asia were populated by Homo erects, ‘Upright Man’, who survived there for close to 2 million years, making it the most durable species ever. -
Mechanics of Bipedalism: an Exploration of Skeletal Morphology and Force Plate Anaylsis Erin Forse May 04, 2007 a Senior Thesis
MECHANICS OF BIPEDALISM: AN EXPLORATION OF SKELETAL MORPHOLOGY AND FORCE PLATE ANAYLSIS ERIN FORSE MAY 04, 2007 A SENIOR THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN- LA CROSSE Abstract There are several theories on how humans learned to walk, and while these all address the adaptations needed for walking, none adequately describes how our early ancestors developed the mechanism to walk. Our earliest recognizable relatives, the australopithecines, have several variations on a theme: walking upright. There are varied changes as australopithecines approach the genus Homo. These changes occurred in the spine, legs, pelvis, and feet, and changes are also in the cranium, arms and hands, but these are features that may have occurred simultaneously with bipedalism. Several analyses of Australopithecus afarensis, specifically specimen A.L. 288-1 ("Lucy"), have shown that the skeletal changes are intermediate between apes and humans. Force plate analyses are used to determine if the gait pattern of humans resembles that of apes, and if it is a likely development pattern. The results of both these analyses will give insight into how modern humans developed bipedalism. Introduction Bipedalism is classified as movement of the post-cranial body in a vertical position, with the lower limbs shifting as an inverted pendulum, progressing forward. Simply, it is upright walking. Several theories have addressed why bipedalism evolved in hominids, with some unlikely ideas taking hold throughout the history of the issue. Other theories are more likely, but all lack the same characteristic: answering how bipedalism developed. -
Greek and Latin Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes
GREEK AND LATIN ROOTS, PREFIXES, AND SUFFIXES This is a resource pack that I put together for myself to teach roots, prefixes, and suffixes as part of a separate vocabulary class (short weekly sessions). It is a combination of helpful resources that I have found on the web as well as some tips of my own (such as the simple lesson plan). Lesson Plan Ideas ........................................................................................................... 3 Simple Lesson Plan for Word Study: ........................................................................... 3 Lesson Plan Idea 2 ...................................................................................................... 3 Background Information .................................................................................................. 5 Why Study Word Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes? ......................................................... 6 Latin and Greek Word Elements .............................................................................. 6 Latin Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes .......................................................................... 6 Root, Prefix, and Suffix Lists ........................................................................................... 8 List 1: MEGA root list ................................................................................................... 9 List 2: Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes .......................................................................... 32 List 3: Prefix List ...................................................................................................... -
***********1-*************X**********************X**** * Reproductions Supplied by EDRS Are the Best That Can Be Made * * from the Original Document
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 320 412 FL 018 490 AUTHOR Poplack, Shana; Tagliamonte, Sall TITLE There's No Tense Like the Present: Verbal -s inflection in Early Black English. PUB PATE 88 NOTE 42p.; In: York Papers in Linguistics 13. Selected papors from the Sociolinguistics Symposium; see FL 018 472. PUB TYPE Speeches/Conference Papers (150) -- information Analyses (070) -- Reports Research/Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Black Dialects; Comparative Analysis; Diachronic Linguistics; *English; Foreign Countries; Language Research; Linguistic Theory; Phonology; *Tenses (Grammar); *Verbs IDENTIFIERS Dominican Republic ABSTRACT The behavior of verbal "-s" is examined in two data sets on early Black English as represented by:(1) tape-recorded interviews with native English-speaking residents of a region of the Dominican Republic; and (2) the ex-slave recordings housed in the Library of Congress. Each verbal construction with the potential for variable "-s" marking was extracted. The phonological, morphological, syntactic, and discourse factors affecting occurrence were analyzed. Results suggest that a number of factors condition the occurrence of "-s," while other reported effects appear not to be operative at all. It is concluded that the verbal "-s" formed an integral part of early Black English glammar, and does not occur as a hypercorrect intrusion. The process was variable, not random, and may have reflected synchronic variability in the input language at the time of acquisition. A 68-item bibliography is included. (MSE) *****************************1-*************X**********************X**** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** a Paper presented at the Sociolinguistics Symposium (7th, York, England, April 14-16, 1988). -
Internal and External Factors in Syntactic Change Trends in Linguistics Studies and Monographs 61
Internal and External Factors in Syntactic Change Trends in Linguistics Studies and Monographs 61 Editor Werner Winter Mouton de Gruyter Berlin · New York Internal and External Factors in Syntactic Change Edited by Marinel Gerritsen Dieter Stein Mouton de Gruyter Berlin · New York 1992 Mouton de Gruyter (formerly Mouton, The Hague) is a Division of Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin. © Printed on acid-free paper which falls within the guidelines of the ANSI to ensure permanence and durability. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Internal and external factors in syntactic change / edited by Marinel Gerritsen, Dieter Stein. p. cm. — (Trends in linguistics. Studies and mono- graphs : 61) "A selection of papers that were presented at the work- shop ... held during the Ninth International Conference on Historical Linguistics at Rutgers in August 1989" — Introd. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 3-11-012747-4 (acid-free paper) : 1. Grammar, Comparative and general — Syntax — Congresses. 2. Linguistic change — Congresses. I. Gerrit- sen, Marinel. II. Stein, Dieter, 1946— . III. Series. P291.I44 1992 92-5409 415 —dc20 CIP Die Deutsche Bibliothek — Cataloging in Publication Data Internal and external factors in syntactic change / ed. by Marinel Gerritsen ; Dieter Stein. — Berlin ; New York : Mouton de Gruyter, 1992 (Trends in linguistics : Studies and monographs ; 61) ISBN 3-11-012747-4 NE: Gerritsen, Marinel [Hrsg.]; Trends in linguistics / Studies and monographs © Copyright 1992 by Walter de Gruyter & Co., D-1000 Berlin 30 All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.