Regionalverband Südlicher Oberrhein

Regional Intermediate Report Region Südlicher Oberrhein

Regionalverband Südlicher Oberrhein Dipl.-Ing. Fabian Torns

Lehrstuhl Regionalentwicklung und Raumordnung Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Prof.-Dr. Gabi Troeger-Weiß Dr.-Ing. Hans-Jörg Domhardt Dipl.-Ing. Carina Stephan

Freiburg / Kaiserslautern 2009

Regionalverband Südlicher Oberrhein

Dr. Dieter Karlin (Verbandsdirektor) Dipl.-Ing. Fabian Torns

Reichsgrafenstraße 19 79102 Freiburg Tel. 0761-70327-0 [email protected] www.region-suedlicher-oberrhein.de

Lehrstuhl Regionalentwicklung und Raumordnung, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern

Prof.-Dr. Gabi Troeger-Weiß (Lehrstuhlinhaberin) Dr.-Ing. Hans-Jörg Domhardt Dipl.-Ing. Carina Stephan unter Mitarbeit von: Alison Alexander, B.A. Architecture Cand.-Ing. Pascal Reddmann

Pfaffenbergstraße 95 67663 Kaiserslautern Tel. 0631-205-3435 [email protected] http://www.uni-kl.de/FG-RuR/

Table of Contents

Table of Contents 1

Index of Tables and Maps 3

1. Introduction 5 1.1. ACCESS: Project Background 5 1.2. Workpackage 5 – Regional Studies: Goals, Objectives and Activities 7

2. Country Profile: Germany 9 2.1. Territorial Organisation 9 2.2. Spatial Policies in Germany 9 2.3. Roles and Responsibilities in Services of General Interest (SGI) Themes 11 2.3.1. Public Transport 11 2.3.2. Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Internet 11 2.3.3. Everyday Needs 12

3. Regional and Test Areas Profile 13 3.1. Geographical Situation 14 3.1.1. Topographical Specifics of the Test Areas 14 3.1.2. Settlement Pattern 15 3.1.3. Role of the Major Settlements 18 3.2. Demography Demographic Development 19 3.2.1. Region Südlicher Oberrhein 19 3.2.2. Test Area Mittelbereich Emmendingen 19 3.2.3. Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach 20 3.3. Socio-Economic Situation- Economic Structure and Commuting to and from work 20 3.3.1. Region Südlicher Oberrhein 20 3.3.2. Test Area Mittelbereich Emmendingen 21 3.3.3. Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach 21 3.4. Development of Tourism 22 3.4.1. Region Südlicher Oberrhein 22 3.4.2. Test Area Mittelbereich Emmendingen 22 3.4.3. Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach 22

4. Services of General Interest (SGI) in the Test Areas: Description, Evaluation, Problems and Perspectives 23 4.1. Methodology of Evaluation of Services of General Interest 23 4.2. Situation of Public Transport 24 4.2.1. Region Südlicher Oberrhein 24 4.2.2. Test Area Mittelbereich Emmendingen 24 4.2.3. Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach 25 4.3. Situation Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Internet 26 4.3.1. Region Südlicher Oberrhein 26 4.3.2. Test Area Mittelbereich Emmendingen 26 4.3.3. Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach 26

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4.4. Situation Every day Needs: Food Stores 27 4.4.1. Region Südlicher Oberrhein 27 4.4.2. Test Area Mittelbereich Emmendingen 27 4.4.3. Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach 27 4.5. Assessment of Services of General Interest – Barriers and Main Problems 28 4.5.1. Barriers and Main Problems of Public Transport 28 4.5.2. Barriers and Main Problems of ICT 28 4.5.3. Barriers and Main Problems of Every Day Needs 28

5. Good Practice Examples as a Pool of Ideas for Pilot Projects and Identification of Gaps (short version) 29 5.1. Good Practice Example “DORV-Zentrum Jülich-Barmen” 29 5.2. Good Practice Example “local/ regional delivery service of supermarket Rewe Richrath” 30

6. Conclusion and Outlook on Pilot Activities 31 6.1. Conclusions on the Regional Level 31 6.2. Outlook on Pilot Activities 31 6.2.1. Pilot Activity 1: Development of an local internet platform to facilitate online ordering and build-up delivery services for everyday needs in Freiamt (Test Area Mittelbereich Emmendingen) 33 6.2.2. Pilot Activity 2: Target group oriented marketing for local services in Freiamt (Test Area Mittelbereich Emmendingen) 35 6.2.3. Pilot Activity 3: Development of an internet platform to facilitate online ordering and build-up delivery services for everyday needs in Wolfach (Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach) 36 6.2.4. Pilot Activity 4: Target group oriented marketing for local services in Wolfach (Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach) 38

7. Appendix I: Good Practice Examples (long version) 39 7.1. Good Practice Example “DORV-Zentrum Jülich-Barmen” 39 7.2. Good Practice Example “local/ regional delivery service of supermarket Rewe Richrath” 43

8. Appendix II: Statistical Data and Maps 45 8.1. Description of ACCESS Statistical Data 45 8.2. Description of ACCESS Indicators 46 8.3. Maps, Statistical Data and Indicators 49 8.3.1. Settlement Structure 49 8.3.2. Social Structure 51 8.3.3. Socio-Economic Structure 53 8.3.4. Spatial Structure 58 8.3.5. Individual Traffic and Public Transport 60 8.3.6. Every Day Needs 64 8.3.7. Information and communication technology 67

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Index of Tables and Maps

Figures Figure 1: Workpackages and time schedule of the ACCESS project 6

Tables Table 1: Overview Territorial Organization 9 Table 2: Overview Spatial Policies in Germany 10

Maps Map 1: Overview of Region Südlicher Oberrhein with the two Test Areas 13 Map 2: Topography and Land Use Overview of the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach 14 Map 3: Settlement Structure Overview (black plan) of the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach 15 Map 4: Community Size and Municipality Borders in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach 16 Map 5: Central places in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach 18 Map 6: Population Development in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach from 1987 to 2007 50 Map 7: Old-age Dependence Ratio in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2007 52 Map 8: Young-age Dependence Ratio in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2007 52 Map 9: Number of Employee at place of work in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2007 54 Map 10: Balance between commuters coming in to work and commuters leaving out for work in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach- Hausach-Wolfach in 2007 54 Map 11: Annual Overnight Stays in Tourism in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2006 56 Map 12: Maximum Population Ratio in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2006/2007 56 Map 13: Resident Population living in compact settlements larger 500 Inhabitants in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach- Wolfach in 2007 59 Map 14: Resident Population living in compact settlements larger 1,000 Inhabitants in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach- Wolfach in 2007 59 Map 15: Reachability of the regional centre by Individual Motorized Traffic in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2009 62

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Map 16: Reachability of the regional centre by Public Transport with the fastest connection in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach- Hausach-Wolfach 62 Map 17: Maximum Frequency Public Transport in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2009 63 Map 18: Quality of Connection of Public Transport in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2009 63 Map 19: Food Shops in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2008 65 Map 20: Density of Groceries in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2007/2008 65 Map 21: Full range food shops in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2008 (modified food shop data) 66

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1. Introduction

1.1. ACCESS: Project Background

ACCESS is an INTERREG IV B project developed in the framework of the Alpine Space Programme. It involves nine partners from Austria, France, Germany, Italy and Switzerland. The partners have come together to improve the accessibility to services of general interest (SGI) in sparsely populated mountain regions.

Problems to be addressed The maintenance of a spatially and socially equal accessibility to SGI is a core issue to the functionality of mountain areas and any regional development strategy both on a national as well as on a transnational level. Already in the third Cohesion Report of the European Commission it is specified that the equality of access to basic facilities, essential services and knowledge for everyone, wherever they happen to live, is a key condition for territorial cohesion. However the INTERREG III B project PUSEMOR confirmed that sparsely populated areas in all alpine countries are facing difficulties to maintain existing services due to their poor profitability and due to the need to respond to new or changing needs of the local population. The ongoing territorial concentration of SGI leads to a vicious circle of further deterioration in the quality of provision which in turn causes a decreasing demand in the existing services. This process has many negative consequences for the affected regions. In fact the withdrawal of SGI causes a reduced functionality, competitiveness and a higher amount of motorised mobility in communities of sparsely populated areas. Furthermore it aggravates social inequalities – persons who do not dispose of a car, not having the knowledge to use ICT etc. face problems to reach services. Often these areas are characterised by important population losses and/or excessive ageing. The main challenge for the concerned communities and regions is therefore the furthering of the access to demand-oriented and flexible SGI with innovative cooperation structures in order to capitalise best the potentials of sparsely populated areas. Mobility is an important issue in the whole framework. Contrary to a still widespread opinion this must not necessarily mean in every case physical transport of goods or persons but implies the promotion of integrated mobility systems (Report on the state of the Alps, Alpine Convention).

Objectives of the Project The PUSEMOR project identified a major challenge and urgent need for action in the field of public transport and the accessibility of SGI. ACCESS therefore aims at improving the accessibility to SGI in sparsely populated mountain areas by finding 1) new forms of organisation of SGI (e.g. substitute stationary services with mobile ones, improving governance) 2) using ICT (e.g. broadband internet access) and 3) fostering demand oriented, integrated mobility systems.

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The project is guided by the following objectives: a) Improve the competitiveness and the quality of life in sparsely populated areas – as a precondition for maintaining and attracting new inhabitants and SMEs by making use of the potentials of these areas (environmental quality, heritage, culture). b) Develop models that will contribute to regional development and spatial planning, (e.g. efficient use of infrastructures, networks and cooperation between centres and rural areas). c) Mitigate social inequalities in the access of SGI and reduce environmental pollution. d) Test and apply various elements of the concept of governance in order to empower the population and to ensure that society owns the process. e) New approaches to providing services will be tested and put into practice in all test areas. They will be based on the demands of the local population and Enterprises and be developed together with the service providers.

Workpackages and time schedule ACCESS is structured along eight workpackages with specifically defined objectives, activities and outputs. Fig. 1 gives an overview on workpackage themes and time schedule, WP 5 will be described in detail in the following section. This report constitutes the final product of WP 5.

Figure 1: Workpackages and time schedule of the ACCESS project

WP 6 WP 8 Transnat. Comparison Synthesis

WP 7 WP 5 Regional Pilot projects and models Studies

WP 2 - 4 Project Management and Information / Publicity

Sep 08 Apr 09 Sep 09 Apr 10 Sep 10 Apr 11 Aug 11

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1.2. Workpackage 5 – Regional Studies: Goals, Objectives and Activities

General Objective This workpackage aims at clarifying the degree of accessibility and the users need with regard to SGI in selected areas (1 – 3 test areas per participating region). Furthermore, an inventory of best practices to improve the provision of SGI in sparsely populated areas is drawn up. This WP also benefits from the results and experiences gained in the regional analysis of the preceeding PUSEMOR project.

Activities The activities taking place within WP 5 can be structured as follows: • To elicit methodologies how to approach best local actors in order to assess their needs and to mount projects (largely based on the PUSEMOR approach) • Improvement of the approach of regional studies used for PUSEMOR and to analyse demand and supply as well as the accessibility of SGI in selected test areas • Search for best practices • Data collection, based on (a) evaluation of available literature / materials, (b) expert interviews in order to draw a picture of the economic, political and institutional framework • Elaboration of Regional Intermediate Reports

The envisaged outputs are: • Output 1: Identification of Test Areas: When identifying the test areas, the general guidelines and criteria of the project have to be complied with (e.g. with regard to organisational aspects, test area size etc.). Primarily areas were chosen which are considered less- favoured from a regional viewpoint. With regard to SGIs, the test areas have to be coherent functional, administrative and organisational units. A comparison within the region is possible by the application of statistical indicators. The identification of the test areas is the responsibility of the regional project partners.

• Output 2: Common Methodology to Approach Local Stakeholders: Internal communication is guaranteed by the continuous involvement of important institutions such as local regional development agencies, representatives of the local authorities (mayors) and representations of interest groups (chambers) as well as providers of SGIs. There are regular working group meetings at the regional level and in the test areas. Expert interviews are conducted to obtain the opinion of important individual stakeholders.

• Output 3: Current Standard of SGIs: The current standard of SGIs is mainly the result of national or even regional decisions and practices. Therefore, the legal, organisational and actual criteria of access to SGIs may differ considerably when the project partners are compared. These differences can be highlighted by drawing up thematic maps using uniform classification systems at the transnational level.

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• Output 4: Assessment of Users Needs: Access to SGIs is determined by the relationships between supply and demand. Major factors are the spatial situation (location – reachability), the social context (services provided – demands) and the economic situation (price – income). Data collection and conclusions on consumer behaviour have to be as differentiated as possible, e.g. with regard to social aspects according to age, gender and income.

• Output 5: Detailed Description of Good Practices (form): The questionnaire employed to describe good practice examples is a standardised transnational instrument.

• Output 6: Outline of the Relevant Framework Conditions: The answer the question of access to SGIs, the fields of public transport, ICT and every day needs have to be investigated. With regard to organisation, the positions of the public authorities awarding contracts for SGIs and the (sometimes private) providers of SGIs are relevant. A reaction to the expected differences in the situation of the users when it comes to access to SGIs is to include interest group representations and local stakeholders.

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2. Country Profile: Germany

2.1. Territorial Organisation

The National State of Germany is structured into 16 Federal States (Bundesländer). The Bundesland Baden-Württemberg consists of four Administrative Districts (Regierungsbezirke), which are in total divided into 12 regions and 35 districts (Landkreise, Stadkreise). The lowest level is formed by the municipalities (Städte und Gemeinden).

Table 1: Overview Territorial Organization

class English name German name example

NUTS 0 National State / Country Bundesrepublik Deutschland

NUTS 1 Federal State Bundesland e.g. Land Baden-Württemberg

NUTS 2 Administrative District Regierungsbezirk e.g. Regierungsbezirk Freiburg

Region Region e.g. Region Südlicher Oberrhein

NUTS 3 District Landkreis or e.g. Landkreis Ortenaukreis (rural) Stadtkreis e.g. Stadtkreis Freiburg (urban)

DISTRICT Middle Level District Mittelbereich e.g. Mittelbereich Emmendingen

ASS LAU Association of local units Verwaltungsraum e.g. Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Wolfach/Oberwolfach

LAU NAT Municipality Stadt or e.g. Stadt Wolfach (local unit) Gemeinde e.g. Gemeinde Freiamt (Source: own composition)

The Region Südlicher Oberrhein is composed by 126 municipalities forming four districts: - Landkreis Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald - Landkreis Emmendingen - Landkreis Ortenaukreis - Stadtkreis Freiburg im Breisgau

2.2. Spatial Policies in Germany

Legislation for spatial planning is developed and regulated by government bodies at the national and state level. Bund and Länder define the framework and essential purposes for spatial planning, recorded in the Federal Spatial Planning Act (Raumordnungsgesetz) and – for the State of Bade-Wurttemberg – in the State Planning Act (Landesplanungsgesetz). While the Federal Government (besides small exceptions) does not put up own plans or programmes, the Federal States have the duty to establish a comprehensive development plan (Landesentwick- lungsplan) for their territory.

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In Bade-Wurttemberg, the Regional Planning Authorities (Regionalverbände) are responsible for the comprehensive regional planning at the spatial level between NUTS 2 and NUTS 3 and additional informal duties that are relevant to spatial planning. According to the Landes- planungsgesetz the regional planning authorities are in charge - to put up regional development plans that concretise the development plan of the Federal State,- to foster the realisation of the regional development plans by establishing informal development concepts or else, - to articulate common regional interests on superior political or administrative levels As a public body, the Regional Planning Authority (Regionalverband) for the region Südlicher Oberrhein is closely linked to the municipalities. The municipalities are the lowest level of spatial planning. According to the German Basic Constitutional Law (Grundgesetz), the municipalities are given the right of communal self-administration covering the responsibilities of land use planning (Bauleitplanung). The basic guidelines for spatial planning are defined in the Federal Spatial Planning Act (Raumordnungsgesetz) and the Development Plan on state level (Landesentwicklungsplan). Accordingly, the allocation of settlements shall be oriented on the spatial models of “decentralized concentration” and development axes. Within this system, “central places” have the function of providing goods and services for their surrounding areas. In Bade-Wurttemberg, the “central places” are defined in a hierarchy with four grades of centrality, and are displayed in the particular spatial plan. A spatial development following these principles causes a concentration of settlements and infrastructure at the central places and supports the connections between them.

Table 2: Overview Spatial Policies in Germany

central place English name German name role: fulfilment of demand

1st grade High-order Centre Oberzentrum Provides highly specialized services and infrastructure facilities (e.g. furniture, university).

2nd grade Middle-order Centre Mittelzentrum Provides higher seldom seen services and infrastructure facilities (e.g. cinema, hospital).

3rd grade Lower-order Centre Unterzentrum Provides general services and infrastructure facilities that tend to occur more frequently (e.g. shoes, books, all kinds of secondary schools).

4th grade Lowest-order Centre Kleinzentrum Provides general services and infrastructure to fulfil daily needs (e.g. groceries, pharmacy, basic medical service). (Source: own composition)

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2.3. Roles and Responsibilities in Services of General Interest (SGI) Themes

2.3.1. Public Transport

Public Transport (Öffentlicher Personen Nahverkehr) in Germany is defined as the transport of people and goods over short distances. It occasionally includes interregional transports. Public transport is under the control and subsidised by the state and the district administration to secure an adequate transport service for the population in all parts of the country. Most states stipulate provisions for seniors, families and the connection to the middle-order and high-order centres (places of larger size, which offer opportunities to access a larger array of goods, services and infrastructure facilities) as socially important goals. The districts (or associations of districts) are responsible for planning and financing public trans- port, which concerns bus services and smaller railway lines. In addition two joint administrations of public transport (Verkehrsverbünde) were established for executing this task within the Region Südlicher Oberrhein. The federal state Bade-Wurttemberg is responsible for planning and financing regional and interregional railway services.

2.3.2. Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Internet

Information and communication technologies comprise computer-based information systems as well as the study, design, development, and support of these systems. The telecommunication sector is both public and private in Germany. The telephone and internet sectors are (with the exception of T-Com, Deutsche Telekom AG, which is partially owned by the German state) private entities, but nevertheless controlled by telecommunication laws and the federal regulatory authority of telecommunication (Bundesnetzagentur). About 70 % of German households are connected to the internet, thereof 73 % over a broad- band connection (Breitband-Anschluss). However, in Germany there is no clear definition for the speed necessary to be considered broadband. Generally, technologies providing access to the internet with a transfer rate faster than ISDN were identified as broadband, and the maximal transfer rate of narrowband connections amounts to 128 kilobits per second. The widespread technology for broadband-access is Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), providing download rates up to 50.000 megabits per second (by now available in bigger cities only). Second most used technology for is to access the internet via television cable, providing theoretical download rates up to 100 megabits per second. For the future, the Federal Government's Broadband Strategy aims to provide broadband access by the end of 2010 nationwide. By 2014, a total of 75 % of households should be able to get high speed broadband access with transmission rates of at least 50 megabits per second. The strategy should be implemented together with the federal states, local authorities and private telecommunication providers. Particularly in rural areas still numerous “white spot” areas without broadband exist. Since broadband access is an important factor for companies and households in deciding where to locate, it is critical for safeguarding jobs and making rural areas more attractive and financially viable.

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2.3.3. Everyday Needs

Everyday needs (Grundversorgung) in Germany are defined as the supply of basic goods and services that are needed daily for the population. These include groceries and broad offerings of public and private services such as banks, post offices, restaurants, schools, medical provisions, and cultural activities. The supply shall be provided within the municipality or in the nest lowest-order centre. It is aspired that the suppliers are located within the most central settlement area and are accessible by foot in a maximum distance of 700 m. The distribution of necessary everyday goods and services is maintained by the private retail sector and operated by private shop holders. Food shops are the most commonly thought of aspect in the category of everyday needs. They are privately owned entities that may include small grocery stores as well as bakeries, butcher shops, and other small specialty stores. Concerning the grocery supply, food-discounters, in comparison with supermarkets have become increasingly more important.

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3. Regional and Test Areas Profile

The focus of the qualitative and quantitative analysis in this study is focused on two Test Areas of Region Südlicher Oberrhein: - Mittelbereich Emmendingen (part of Landkreis Emmendingen) - Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach (part of Landkreis Ortenaukreis)

Map 1: Overview of Region Südlicher Oberrhein with the two Test Areas

(Source: Regionalverband Südlicher Oberrhein)

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3.1. Geographical Situation

3.1.1. Topographical Specifics of the Test Areas

The Region Südlicher Oberrhein is geographically characterized by mainly two different topographical areas, known as the Rhine-Valley and the Black Forest. While the Rhine-Valley is widely flat, the Black Forest comprises a difference in height of more than 1,200 m. Black Forest’s Feldberg (1.493 m) is the highest mountain in Germany outside the Alps. Not only due to these topographic specifics, the development of settlements as well as the allocation of trade and industries show the slight, but steady tendency to concentrate in the Rhine-Valley since more than forty years. The Mittelbereich Emmendingen is in the western area of the Landkreis Emmendingen and is made up of 18 municipalities. The western area of the Mittelbereich is covered by the Rhine- Valley, while the east is covered by the Black Forest. Vineyards and the hills of the Kaiserstuhl region characterize the south-western area. There is also much agricultural land in the Rhine- Valley. Both forest and grasslands cover the eastern Black Forest area of the Mittelbereich. The Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach is situated in the low mountains of the Black Forest and is mostly covered by forest. The Mittelbereich completely lays in the Black Forest natural preserve areas (Naturpark). The bigger settlement areas mostly concentrate along the river Kinzig.

Map 2: Topography and Land Use Overview of the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach

(Source: Regionalverband Südlicher Oberrhein)

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3.1.2. Settlement Pattern

3.1.2.1. Region Südlicher Oberrhein Major transit routes of the European road and rail network run along the Rhine, compiled in the European Union’s transport corridor no. 24 (from Rotterdam port via the Upper Rhine Valley to Milano and Genova). International Airports at Baden-Baden, Basel, and Strasbourg, as well as ports at Basel and Strasbourg/Kehl, provide a high quality of accessibility to most parts of the region. In contrast to the Rhine-Valley, the Black Forest generally has poorer accessibility. As all major axes concentrate in the Rhine-Valley the mountainous and rural parts of the Region Südlicher Oberrhein lack easy access to highways and high-speed railway systems. In addition, the Black Forest’s topographical and ecological situation leads to restrictions in the development of housing and activity zones.

Area, Population and Households The region of Südlicher Oberrhein is 4.072 sq. km in area. As of 2007, 1.044.996 people resided in the Südlicher Oberrhein, forming 485.000 households.

Local Settlement Concentration Ratio In the region about 89 % of the population live in compact settlements larger than 500 inhabitants and about 84 % live in settlements of more than 1.000 residents (estimations based on GIS data as statistical information on population usually is not published on sub-communal levels).

Map 3: Settlement Structure Overview (black plan) of the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach

(Source: Regionalverband Südlicher Oberrhein)

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Map 4: Community Size and Municipality Borders in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach

(Source: Regionalverband Südlicher Oberrhein)

3.1.2.2. Test Area Mittelbereich Emmendingen

Area, Population and Households The Mittelbereich Emmendingen is 404 sq. km, which is 8,5 % of the total area of Südlicher Oberrhein. The size of the municipalities reaches from 5 to 53 sq. km. The Test Area is composed of 18 municipalities with a total population of about 117.800 people – 11,3 % of the region’s total population. With about 51.600 households in the entire Mittelbereich, the area comprised a tenth part of all households in the Region Südlicher Oberrhein. Of these 18 municipalities, three had a population larger than 10.000 residents. The city of Emmendingen is the centre of the Test Area with 26.000 residents. The smallest community in the Mittelbereich has approximately 1.200 residents. Most of the communities have a size of more or less 3.000 residents.

Local Settlement Concentration Ratio In the Mittelbereich Emmendingen about 90 % of the population (about 106.000 people) live in settlements with more than 500 inhabitants and about 84 % live in settlements with more than 1.000 inhabitants. This equates the region wide average.

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Four municipalities have less than 80 % of their populations living in settlements with more than 500 inhabitants. The highest contrast to the settlement pattern for the overall Mittelbereich Emmendingen is found in Freiamt. Only 20 % of Freiamt’s population lives in settlements with more than 500 inhabitants and there are no settlements with more than 1.000 inhabitants. With more than 4.000 residents, Freiamt has a quite scattered, decentralized settlement structure.

3.1.2.3. Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach

Area, Population and Households With 363 sq. km the Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach is the smaller of the two Test Areas and occupies 7.7 % of the total land area of Südlicher Oberrhein. It is located in the east of the region. The individual area size of the municipalities varies from 18 sq. km (Hofstetten) to 53 sq. km (Wolfach). In 2007, the Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach counted a population of about 37.100, which was 3.5 % of the region’s total population. The Mittelbereich is comprised of ten municipalities. While no town has more than 10,000 residents, the most important and largest municipalities are Haslach (7.000 residents), Hausach (5.800 residents) and Wolfach (5.900 residents). The smallest community is Hofstetten, counting 1.700 inhabitants. 15.370 households – 3,2 % of the overall households in the Region Südlicher Oberrhein – are located in the Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach.

Local Settlement Concentration Ratio In the Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach, about 70 % of the population live in settlements with more than 500 inhabitants and about 69 % live in settlements with more than 1,000 inhabitants. The community of Haslach is far above average with 96 % of its population living in settlements of more than 500 inhabitants and also in settlements of more than 1.000 inhabitants. Four municipalities in the Mittelbereich have less than 60 % of their population living in settlements of more than 500 inhabitants. In Mühlenbach, only approx. 40 % of the people live in compact settlements larger than 500 inhabitants.

Regional Intermediate Report page -17- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

3.1.3. Role of the Major Settlements

The most important centres of the Region Südlicher Oberrhein are the two high-order centres Freiburg in the south and Offenburg in the north. For the Test Area Mittelbereich Emmendingen, the City of Emmendingen serves as the central place. As Freiburg is quite close, it also serves as a regional centre, especially for the most southern municipalities in the Test Area. Despite the large area of the Mittelbereich, from all towns and communities it is possible to reach the middle-order centre Emmendingen within 30 minutes by car. For the Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach the central functions are divided between three cities: Haslach, Hausach, and Wolfach. In the case of Haslach-Hausach- Wolfach, Offenburg is the largest high-order centre, but is farther away than Freiburg is from the Mittelbereich Emmendingen. Due to the middle-order centre functions being split between three towns, it means nearly everyone in the Mittelbereich is able to reach some central place 2nd grade within ten minutes by car.

Map 5: Central places in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach

(Source: Regionalverband Südlicher Oberrhein)

Regional Intermediate Report page -18- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

3.2. Demography Demographic Development

3.2.1. Region Südlicher Oberrhein

Population Development As of 2007, 1.044.996 people resided in the Südlicher Oberrhein region. The population of the region has grown strongly since 1987 when it was 872.783 people. Over the last twenty years, this leads to a growth rate of 0,99 % per year.

Old-age and Young-Age Dependency In the Südlicher Oberrhein region, 155.800 people are below the age of 15 years. This is about 15 % of the overall population. As of 2007, 19 % of the population, or 193.500 people, were over 64 years of age. In total 33 % of the population of the region are dependent and either too young or too old to be employed. In 2007, the old age dependency ratio was 28, while the young age dependency ratio was 22. These ratios are calculated by comparing the population over 65 with the population between 15 and 64 years, and by comparing the population below 15 with that between 15 and 64 years. In the last few years, there has been a demographic shift in the population. The elderly population has steadily increased and the young population has steadily decreased. The Südlicher Oberrhein region is an example of this demographic shift with an old age dependency ratio much higher than that of the young age dependency ratio.

3.2.2. Test Area Mittelbereich Emmendingen

Population Development In the Mittelbereich Emmendingen, there were 117.800 present in 2007. In 1987 the population of the Mittelbereich Emmendingen was 97.500 people. Their population has grown at an average rate of 1,04 % per year. All communities experienced a growth in population between 1987 and 2007. The growth experienced in the municipalities of this Mittelbereich was between 0,50 % and 2,16 % per year. Ten of the municipalities had a growth higher than 1,00 %, eight communities were between 0,26 % and 1,00 %. The highest growth was registered in Vörstetten with a value of 2,16 % each year.

Old-age and Young-Age Dependency In the Mittelbereich Emmendingen, 15,4 % of the population – 18.199 people – is below the age of 15 (the 18 different communities’ youth populations range from 14,6 % to 18,5 %). A count of 21.323 people, or 18,1 % of Emmendingen’s population, was over 64 years of age (the 18 different communities’ elderly populations range from 13,8 % to 20,3 %). In 2007, the old-age dependency ratio was 27 and the young-age dependency ratio was 23. The lowest value at old-age dependency with fewer than 21 is observed in Riegel am Kaiser- stuhl and the highest with more than 31 in Teningen. The lowest young-age dependency is ob- served in Riegel am Kaiserstuhl (20) and the highest in Rheinhausen (28) and Forchheim (29).

Regional Intermediate Report page -19- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

3.2.3. Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach

Population Development In 2007 in the Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach, there was a population of 37.135. Since 1987 there has been a 0,35 % yearly population growth, which is significantly lower than the Südlicher Oberrhein regional growth of 0,99 % per year. The municipalities of Hornberg and Wolfach had a respective negative population development of -0,26 % and -0,05 % per year. Gutach (0,04 %) and Oberwolfach (0,16 %) also have low values. The largest growth was in the city of Haslach with a 0,86 % growth in population.

Old-age and Young-Age Dependency 16,1 % of the Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach population, 5,990 people, were below the age of 15 (the 10 different communities youth populations range from 14,2 % to 19,2 %), and 20,4 %, 7,593 people, were above the age of 64 (the ten different communities’ elderly populations range from 16,1 % to 22,6 %). 37 % of the population of the Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach- Wolfach is dependent and is either too young or too old to be employed. The relatively old population structure of the Mittelbereich is evident. In 2007, the old age dependency ratio was 32 and the young age dependency ratio was 25. The Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach has a much higher dependency ratio than the Mittelbereich Emmendingen or of the overall region. A low value of old-age dependency can be observed in Hofstetten (25). With more than 35, both Gutach and Hornberg show high values. The highest young-age dependency was observed in Oberwolfach.

3.3. Socio-Economic Situation- Economic Structure and Commuting to and from work

3.3.1. Region Südlicher Oberrhein

Development of enterprises There is no standardised significant data available concerning the number of enterprises.

Commuting to and from work In the Südlicher Oberrhein region about 216,000 people commute into another municipality for work each day. The Region in total has a small surplus of commuters (approx. + 4,000).

Maximum Population Ratio The maximum population ratio is the total of resident and working population as well as the number of touristic overnight stays divided by the number of the resident population. The maximum population ratio of the Region Südlicher Oberrhein is 103.

Regional Intermediate Report page -20- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

3.3.2. Test Area Mittelbereich Emmendingen

Development of enterprises There is no available data concerning the number of enterprises. However, the economy of the Mittelbereich Emmendingen is slightly stronger in manufacturing trades than the Region Südlicher Oberrhein or the federal state Baden-Württemberg. The major community for employment is the city of Emmendingen with about 8,800 employees1. Other important municipalities are also Teningen (4,200 employees) and Herbolzheim (3,200 employees).

Commuting to and from work Each day the Mittelbereich Emmendingen “loses” about 11.400 employees by commuting, most of them to Freiburg. Within the Test Area only Emmendingen and Teningen attract more people to work than leave for work.

Maximum Population Ratio The maximum population ratio is in the Mittelbereich Emmendingen with a value of 91 much lower than at the region. With high ratios of 101 and 100, respectively, both Emmendingen and Teningen have a surplus of commuters. Despite the high number of tourists, with 76, Freiamt has one of the lowest ratios in the Test Area because of its loss of commuting employees. Due to missing tourism data, for nearly the half of the municipalities in the Test Area Emmendingen there is no such ratio available.

3.3.3. Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach

Development of enterprises There is no available data concerning the number of enterprises. However, the area is disproportionally strong in the manufacturing trade. The most important places of work in this Test Area are Haslach (with 3,200 employees) and Hausach (2,900), followed by Wolfach (1,960) and Hornberg (1,600).

Commuting to and from work In total, the Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach loses approx. 1.500 employees by commuting to work. In four of the ten communities in the Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach, more people travel into the area to work than leave for work. Those communities are Gutach, Haslach, Hausach and Hornberg.

1 employee subject to social insurance contributions

Regional Intermediate Report page -21- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

Maximum Population Ratio The average maximum population ratio of the Test Area Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach is 98. The maximum population ratio in the Test Area shows Hausach (112), closely followed by Haslach (109), Gutach and Hornberg (both 105). With values under 80, the lowest ratios are seen in Hofstetten, Mühlenbach and Steinach.

3.4. Development of Tourism

3.4.1. Region Südlicher Oberrhein

Overnight Stays in Tourism During the year 2007, there were about 8.5 million overnight stays in Region Südlicher Oberrhein. As these data only includes accommodation facilities with nine or more beds, and no other data is available, it is estimated that the total number of overnight stays is about 30 % higher, especially in some rural municipalities.

3.4.2. Test Area Mittelbereich Emmendingen

Overnight Stays in Tourism In the economy of the Mittelbereich Emmendingen, tourism plays a secondary role. Of the nearly 8.5 million overnight stays in the Südlicher Oberrhein Region in 2007, only 250,00 were registered in the Mittelbereich Emmendingen. The most frequented municipality in the Mittelbereich is Freiamt, which constituted 50.000 overnight stays in 2007. More highly visited towns were Herbolzheim and Riegel am Kaiserstuhl, each with about 40.000 overnight stays. Freiamt and Riegel am Kaiserstuhl have a rate of more than ten overnight stays per resident.

3.4.3. Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach

Overnight Stays in Tourism Due to the attractive landscape of the Black Forest, tourism plays an important role in the economy of the Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach. 270,212 overnight stays were counted in the Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach area in 2007. Wolfach had by far the most overnight stays of any community with 95,000 overnight stays, this was more than 16 stays per resident. Hornberg and Oberwolfach also had a high number of overnight stays with about 50,000 stays each.

Regional Intermediate Report page -22- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

4. Services of General Interest (SGI) in the Test Areas: Description, Evaluation, Problems and Perspectives

4.1. Methodology of Evaluation of Services of General Interest

Methodology of Evaluation of Public Transport The Situation of Public Transport is analysed by three special indicators. The two indicators “regional reachability individual traffic” and “regional reachability public transport” compare the journey time to reach the next regional centre by car and by public transport, (based on the best served bus stop or train station in each municipality). A further indicator for the evaluation of the situation of public services is the “maximum frequency of public transport”, that shows the daily departures of public transport at the best served stopping point.

Methodology of Evaluation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Internet For the evaluation of information and communications technologies, there are indicators related to access and usage. The indicator, “private broadband access”, describes the ratio of the number of households with broadband access (according to the usual national definition) in relation to the number of households in total. The indicator “private internet usage” shows the ratio of the population using internet. The usage is not constricted to the home, but can also be at place of work, at school or at home of friends. In Germany, this data is only available on the level of federal states (NUTS 1; Bade- Wurttemberg).

Methodology of Evaluation of Everyday Needs: Food Stores The evaluation of everyday needs is grounded on the “density of groceries”. This indicator shows the ratio between the number of residents and the number of grocery shops. In addition to the grocery shops, supermarkets, bakeries, butcher shops, and farm shops are counted; petrol station shops are not counted.

Regional Intermediate Report page -23- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

4.2. Situation of Public Transport

4.2.1. Region Südlicher Oberrhein

The Region Südlicher Oberrhein has an adequate network of main and secondary roads and motorways connecting municipalities to each other and to central places. For the most part, the roads are in good condition. In rural areas of the region, cars are more important than public transport. Most important purposes of transport are travelling to work, to education and shopping facilities and for leisure activities. Public transport is generally used most by pupils, commuters, persons without a car, the elderly and tourists. Public transport in the Region Südlicher Oberrhein mainly connects rural towns to one another and with railway stations. Most municipalities in the Region Südlicher Oberrhein, and also the Test Areas, provide adequate quality and quantity of service. It will be a very important task to maintain this in the future. Of significant importance is the funding of public transport, which is directly linked with the number of passengers using public transport. Therefore, a decreasing number of passengers, including pupils, could negatively impact the funding of public transport.

4.2.2. Test Area Mittelbereich Emmendingen

Regional Reachability Individual Traffic The city of Emmendingen is the regional centre of the Test Area and can be reached by individual traffic from all other municipalities in its Mittelbereich in 15 minutes. The best reachability is given for the nearby municipalities in the south and the west of Emmendingen with partly about only 8 minutes. From the Kaiserstuhl-municipalities it extends to 25 minutes for to reach the regional centre by individual traffic.

Regional Reachability Public Transport The span width to reach Emmendingen station by public transport is 4 to 29 minutes (from the best served bus stop or railway station). The average Value of the Test Area is 14 minutes. About the half of the municipalities in the Test Area Emmendingen have a train station. For some of them, the reachability of the regional centre is faster with public transport than by car. The qualities of connecting services are very different. The city of Emmendingen is reachable on a direct route by public transport from twelve municipalities. The residents from five municipalities don’t have any direct connection to Emmendingen. For the most of the municipalities with a direct connection, there is no big difference in journey time between the fastest and the slowest connection. Due to badly scheduled connecting services it is possible that some journeys take more than twice the time of the fastest service.

Maximum Frequency Public Transport Some municipalities in the Test Area have as many as 30 departures per direction of public transport per day, while some have only less than 10 departures per direction per day. The average value for the Test Area is 26 departures. The worst connections can be found in Freiamt, Reute and Vörstetten. The municipalities with a train station have in most instances the highest number of daily departures.

Regional Intermediate Report page -24- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

At the weekend, the number of connections is significantly lower that at working days.

4.2.3. Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach

Regional Reachability Individual Traffic In the Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach the middle-order centre functions are split between these three towns. Therefore, the reachability from the municipalities to the next regional centre is based on an average of these three partite centres Haslach, Hausach and Wolfach. It is possible to reach the three tripartite regional centres in about 13 minutes, which is the average of the Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach.

Regional Reachability Public Transport The mean value for to reach the three regional centres varied between 8 minutes (Steinach) and 18 Minutes (Oberwolfach). The average of the reachability by public transport is the same as for individual traffic: 13 minutes.

Maximum Frequency Public Transport The Test Area average for daily departures of public transport to reach the next regional centres by public transport is 13 departures per day. Hofstetten and Mühlbach has the less departures with only 6 respectively 5 per day and Steinach the most with about 25 intersections.

Regional Intermediate Report page -25- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

4.3. Situation Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Internet

As already stated, there is no data available on a regional level for the indicators “private broadband access” and “private internet usage”. Therefore, this chapter is based on data from the federal state level (NUTS 1; Bade-Wurttemberg) and on our own survey accomplished in Freiamt, for the Mittelbereich Emmendingen, and Wolfach, for the Mittelbereich Haslach- Hausach-Wolfach.

4.3.1. Region Südlicher Oberrhein

Private Broadband Access and Private Internet Usage For the year 2008, the degree of equipment with internet access is 71.3 % on the level of federal state. It grew about 3.2 percentage points since 2007. So, the household internet access rate in Bade-Wurttemberg is slightly above the national average in Germany (68.7 %). Of those households with access to the internet, in 2008 72,8 % had a broadband access. In 2008, about two thirds of the population used the internet daily or nearly daily. The percentage of daily or nearly daily usage in Bade-Wurttemberg (66,2 %) is slightly higher than the national average (65,3 %)2.

4.3.2. Test Area Mittelbereich Emmendingen

Private Broadband Access and Private Internet Usage At the time of the survey, 64 % of the households in the municipality of Freiamt declared to have an internet access. Of the households with internet access, 71 % have available a broadband access. In Freiamt, 71 % of the households used the internet daily or nearly daily.3

4.3.3. Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach

Private Broadband Access The ratio of households with internet access in Wolfach is the same rate as in Freiamt (64 %). The percentage of residents with broadband access (75 %) is slightly higher.

Private Internet Usage In the City of Wolfach 77 % of the households used the internet daily or nearly daily4.

2 Relating to households with internet access, in the space of the last three months at the point of survey, persons from age of ten years 3 private internet-usage from home through the most active internet user of the household 4 private internet-usage from home through the most active internet user of the household

Regional Intermediate Report page -26- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

4.4. Situation Every day Needs: Food Stores

Because of the retail structure with owner-run bakeries and butcher shops, the number of food stores in Germany is relatively high. Typical for the rural structure of the two Test Areas, there are also a high number of small farmer shops, which typically offers only one kind of grocery such as honey, wine or self-distilled “schnapps”. Therefore, additionally modified data are based only on food-shops, offering the full range of products like supermarkets, food-discounters and small “mom-and-pop-shops”.

4.4.1. Region Südlicher Oberrhein

There is no available data concerning the overall number of groceries in Südlicher Oberrhein.

4.4.2. Test Area Mittelbereich Emmendingen

Food shops and density of groceries by population There are 291 groceries in the Mittelbereich Emmendingen area. The majority of them are settled in the middle-order centre Emmendingen (54 shops) as well as in Endingen and Kenzingen (both about 30). In this Test Area, no municipality lacks a grocery store. The density of groceries by resident population is 405 residents per shop. In each case, three municipalities have a ratio density of groceries lower than 250 residents respective higher than 500 inhabitants per grocery. At 53 full range food shops, the availability of groceries is much lower in the Mittelbereich Emmendingen. Many of the municipalities in the test area have between one and seven full range shops. The regional centre Emmendingen accommodates twelve supermarkets and discounters. Four communities in the Test Area Emmendingen have no shop that offers the full range of groceries.

4.4.3. Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach

Food shops and density of groceries by population There are 115 shops offering groceries in the Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach area. The majority of groceries are settled in the largest community of the Test Area, Haslach, which has 27 shops offering food. Comparatively, Hausach (15 stores), Wolfach (14) and Hornberg (13) also have a high number of food shops. The density of groceries by population is 323. A full range of products is only offered by 18 of the 115 groceries. With four, Haslach and Hausach have the highest number of full range food shops. Only the municipality of Mühlenbach has no shop with a full supply of groceries.

Regional Intermediate Report page -27- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

4.5. Assessment of Services of General Interest – Barriers and Main Problems

4.5.1. Barriers and Main Problems of Public Transport

In rural parts of the region, individual motorized individual traffic is the dominant way of travelling. While the frequency and quality of public transport is adequate, it is not outstanding. Public transport tends to be used more often by pupils and elderly people than by commuters, tourists, or residents without a car. Some problems of public transport accessibility occur on relations between municipalities of which none is the regional centre and also within municipalities (due to dispersed settlements).

4.5.2. Barriers and Main Problems of ICT

In the Südlicher Oberrhein region, the availability of fast internet connections is still an important topic. Within the PUSEMOR project significant reasons to improve the broadband connection in the region were found. While the connections in some rural parts of the municipalities are still inadequate, connections are improving. Starting in 2007, the state level carried out new initiatives and supporting programmes.

4.5.3. Barriers and Main Problems of Every Day Needs

At present, the access to everyday needs is generally adequate. However, in the near future there will be a decrease in the overall population (cumulating in some rural parts of the region), as well as an increase in the number of elderly people. With tough economic and market conditions, basic everyday provisions are often sold by large discounter stores, concentrating outside of city centres and of residential areas. In general, smaller municipalities with a declining population are at a risk to lose small shops that fulfil everyday needs.

Regional Intermediate Report page -28- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

5. Good Practice Examples as a Pool of Ideas for Pilot Projects and Identification of Gaps (short version)

5.1. Good Practice Example “DORV-Zentrum Jülich-Barmen”

Good practice examples 1: DORV-Zentrum Jülich-Barmen

1. Domain(s) of public services involved

ICT Public Transport X Everyday Needs

Others:

2. Locality / Region / Country

Jülich-Barmen / Nordrhein-Westfalen / Germany

3. Territorial level / extent

Barmen is a rural part of the city of Jülich with a village-like structure and about 1.400 residents.

4. Target Groups

Residents of -Barmen, in particular elderly residents, families, employed population, new citizens etc.

5. Basic Idea / Aims / How does it work

DORV-Zentrum stands for “Dienstleistung und Ortsnahe Rundum Versorgung” (“Services and local provision of basic needs”. The DORV concept is based on three pillars: Everyday Needs, Services and Social Service Station. It aims to provide local shopping opportunities in order to improve the living space of residents, maintain an independent economic and cultural identity of the village, support sustainability, and to take changing demographics (an aging population) into consideration.

6. Why it is considered innovative

The residents of Jülich-Barmen took it upon themselves to work with the local government and businesses to establish a location where everyday business could be transacted at a time when many small/ local “mom-and-pop stores” were being forced out of business by larger chain stores. It was funded through citizens/residents buying shares in the store, and the directors/managers of the DORV are unpaid volunteers.

7. Start / How long it has been running

Planning begin in 2001, opening of the DORV-Zentrum in September 2004

8. Costs / Funding

Initial costs were approximately 100,000 Euro. Amongst other things for renovations to the building, equipment for the shop and first stock of groceries. It was mostly financed through citizens purchasing shares in the store with personal contribution, Investment and private credits of the Barmen Citizens and loan by state-run KfW-Bank.

9. Transferability to other regions / conditions for a transfer

Medium transferability: Certainly transferable, but it will require an involved, supportive community.

10. More information (website, contact person)

DORV-Zentrum, Heinz Frey, 52428 Jülich-Barmen, Germany, www.dorv.de , [email protected]

Regional Intermediate Report page -29- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

5.2. Good Practice Example “local/ regional delivery service of supermarket Rewe Richrath”

Good practice examples 2: Rewe Richrath

1. Domain(s) of public services involved

ICT Public Transport X Everyday Needs

Others:

2. Locality / Region / Country

Area surrounding Cologne, Bonn, and Erftstadt, Germany

3. Territorial level / extent

Provides services to citizens in the Cologne/Bonn/Erftstadt area.

4. Target groups

Anyone in the Cologne/Bonn/Erfstadt area who wishes to have groceries delivered – whether it is those who are unable to shop for themselves or simply those who do not have time to shop groceries for themselves.

5. Basic idea / Aims / How does it work

In addition to a physical grocery store, Rewe Richrath provides a possibility to purchase groceries online and have them delivered in the vicinity. Customers place their grocery order online, and deliveries are made Monday through Saturday. When the order is placed before 10 am, it will be delivered the same day beginning at 3 pm. When the order is placed before 8 pm, the order will be delivered beginning at 9 am the next morning. Orders for Saturday delivery must be placed by 8 pm on Friday. If the order costs more than 55 Euros, no delivery charge is added. If the order is less than 55 Euros, a 10 Euros delivery charge is added, but there is no minimum order. Products are arranged online in various categories and can also be found through a product search function. Weekly deals and specialty items also receive categories. It is possible to pay through cash, direct debit, or by being billed.

6. Why it is considered innovative

While some specialty shops and high-end groceries have offered a delivery service, this is an example of an everyday average grocery store that now offers online ordering and a delivery service.

7. Start / How long it has been running

Rewe Supermarkets have been in existence since 1874. The current organization of the Rewe Richrath stores was established in 1997. It is unclear how long the online-delivery service has been operational.

8. Costs / Funding

It functions financially just as any other Rewe supermarket, and delivery services are funded through the 10 euro delivery service charge.

9. Transferability to other regions / conditions for a transfer

Good transferability: Rewe, or another chain grocery store, exists in most areas. This would be a fairly easy concept to transfer to another region.

10. More information (website, contact person)

www.richrath-lieferservice.de; Peter Richrath, Lutz Richrath - Rewe Executives

Regional Intermediate Report page -30- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

6. Conclusion and Outlook on Pilot Activities

6.1. Conclusions on the Regional Level

The region Südlicher Oberrhein is characterised by two landscape patterns, the flat Rhine Valley and the mountainous Black Forest. The dispersed settlement structure, the topography and the longer distances to high-order centres handicap the development of the Black Forest area. The Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach experiences a more distinct decrease in population development and a more unfavourable age pattern than Test Area Mittelbereich Emmendingen. Both test areas “lose” employees by commuting. The Test Areas were analysed as a whole, but for the implementation of Pilot Projects two municipalities were selected. Both communities, Freiamt and Wolfach, were considered good locations for the launching of Pilot Projects as they have a difficult initial position in regard to the provision and access to services of general interest.

6.2. Outlook on Pilot Activities

The Region Südlicher Oberrhein will implement two times two pilot actions in the field of every day needs (with reference to ICT), which are based on top of each other.

Pilot action idea: Development of an internet platform to facilitate online ordering and build-up delivery services for everyday needs The first aim of the project is to improve the accessibility to basic goods, which are considered to be required daily (especially food). This pilot project should be focused on the elderly residents and those with limited mobility. The desired output of this pilot activity is an improved accessibility to food retailers, which form one part of services of public interest. The project’s results should include the organisation of delivery services by the local retailers, as well as the development of a local internet platform to allow an aggregation of orders for daily needs. In addition, a non-internet based way of ordering should be offered to households without internet access. Within the framework of ACCESS, accessibility should be improved by using ICT. During and after the previous PUSEMOR project, the ICT-infrastructure of the region was extended and improved. The regional aim is to make use of ICT not only to provide connections with the world and enable online shopping at websites such as Amazon, but to generate a regional benefit by using the internet and to allow online shopping at small local shops, too. Furthermore, the project aims to strengthen local food providers, retail and trade by setting up new distribution channels (in addition to the stationary stores) as well as professionalizing and institutionalizing existing services.

Regional Intermediate Report page -31- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

Pilot action idea: Target group oriented marketing for local services The second pilot project idea affects the marketing of local services and adjusts the marketing to certain target groups. This project is strongly tied to the first pilot project. The main objective of this pilot project is to strengthen and professionalize the cooperation between suppliers of both basic goods and basic services. In addition, there should be information for residents about existing local services, as well as the previously mentioned local internet platform in connection with delivery services of daily needs. Another important aim of the project is to increase the acceptance of existing local retail and services by the residents. There can only be a sustainable basis, and reason for further development, for community internet platforms if they are broadly accepted and if there is a demand for the services. The desired output of this pilot project is the consolidation of local and basic retail and services, which is especially important in contrast to large retail companies who tend to concentrate in large supermarkets of more than 1,000 sq.m. The results should comprise, first, an outline of existing public and private services in the municipalities as well as in the vicinity. Second, target groups for the marketing of local services (e.g. image brochures and advertisement campaigns, etc.) should be identified. Third, instructional sessions about operation of the local internet platform – especially for the elderly – should be held.

Implementation of Pilot Activities It is planned to implement these pilot projects in the same mode in the municipality of Freiamt (Test Area Emmendingen) and in the city of Wolfach (Test Area Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach). All-in-all, there will be four pilot activities, two actions applied to two localities: Pilot Activity 1: Development of an local internet platform to facilitate online ordering and build-up delivery services for everyday needs in Freiamt (Test Area Mittelbereich Emmendingen) Pilot Activity 2: Target group oriented marketing for local services in Freiamt (Test Area Mittelbereich Emmendingen) Pilot Activity 3: Development of an local internet platform to facilitate online ordering and build-up delivery services for everyday needs in Wolfach (Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach) Pilot Activity 4: Target group oriented marketing for local services in Wolfach (Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach)

Regional Intermediate Report page -32- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

6.2.1. Pilot Activity 1: Development of an local internet platform to facilitate online ordering and build-up delivery services for everyday needs in Freiamt (Test Area Mittelbereich Emmendingen)

Pilot Activity 1: Development of an local internet platform to facilitate online ordering and build- up delivery services for everyday needs in Freiamt

Demand orientation: Does the pilot action respond to an existing or potential demand?

This pilot project is a demand-oriented project that provides an option for a better provision of daily needs. The pilot project can only function if a good portion of the population in Freiamt (and service providers as well as retailers) participate. The project idea was presented at a public informative meeting on 26 March 2009 in Freiamt. The feasibility of projects was tested in April 2009 through a comprehensive orally survey with approx. 1.100 households (75 % of all households).A further survey will follow in early 2010.

Participatory approach: Was the pilot action developed together with local stakeholders? How are they integrated into the implementation of the pilot activity?

The Project idea has been arisen from the regional team, which is comprised of representatives from the municipality of Freiamt as well as members from the Regionalverband Südlicher Oberrhein and the Department of Regional Development and Spatial Planning of the Technical University of Kaiserslautern. The regional team will support this pilot project by providing scientific know-how and through promotion of the website and the brochures. The Project idea was also discussed in several conferences of the municipal council of Freiamt, lastly at 06 October 2009, as well as in the regional planning council of Region Südlicher Oberrhein. Both councils welcome this pilot action within the ACCESS framework very much. The most important players in this pilot project are, however, the retailers that are participating in the pilot project and the deliverers of supplies. The pilot action was discussed at 14 October 2009 with about 20 local retailers and local or regional stakeholders. Extensive one-on-one interviews will follow in November 2009 and a further “round table” will take place in January 2010, so that the business plan can be solidified in Spring 2010.

Technical Innovation: Does the pilot action encompass any technical innovation?

There are technical innovations on both sides: the households can use the internet to order goods of everyday need online but still from a local/regional retailer, the retailers need to use ICT to manage the incoming and outgoing goods.

Organizational Innovation: Does the pilot action encompass any organisational innovation?

Organizational innovations: ICT will be used for providing better grocery supplies, the customers do not have to come to the store any longer. By delivering groceries/supplies to the front door, it is getting easier for immobile people to purchase basic supplies and groceries. This not only helps people without individual transportation (i.e. without a car), but particularly those people with social disabilities, women with children and teenagers, and those, such as the elderly or those with physical disabilities, who restricted to their homes due to health reasons. This new way of supply with mobile goods accommodates the highly dispersed settlement structure of Freiamt, where only 20 % of the residents live in compact settlements larger than 500 inhabitants. It is also innovative that the e-commerce is in the beginning set up with groceries, and in particular, regional products. This e-commerce will be started in a rural area and not in a bigger city as it was previously common.

Regional Intermediate Report page -33- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

Implementation: Can the pilot activity be implemented in the Test Area within the given timeframe of ACCESS?

The realization can be implemented within the given timeframe. It is scheduled to start with the delivery services in spring 2010. Nevertheless, this pilot action needs a lot of time for preparation because of the high participatory and demand-orientated approach but also in order to meet legal and economic requirements. Of course, the handling of the pilot project is a lasting process that will always be tested by the customers and must constantly be evaluated (e.g. Does this supply choice/range work? Are the customers satisfied? Is the quality of the processes okay?)

Financial Sustainability: Can the pilot activity be financed over the long term after the end of the ACCESS project?

The pilot project is aimed to become self-supporting. The costs accumulated by the care and further development of the local internet platform, the brochures, the delivery services etc. should be covered through the sale of groceries and the delivery service charge of the customers.

Transferability: Can the lessons learnt from the pilot activity be transferred to other regions?

Theoretically, the ideas can be transferred. The success, however, is closely related to two actors: the retailers that provide goods and services and the citizens that use this new form of grocery shopping. Also, a regional basis for this project should always be preserved. The project aims to support and encourage local shops and thereby to ensure a benefit for the whole village or town. In every locality where this pilot action will be implemented, the depth and breadth of supply will be different and dependent on the local providers and other actors.

Regional Intermediate Report page -34- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

6.2.2. Pilot Activity 2: Target group oriented marketing for local services in Freiamt (Test Area Mittelbereich Emmendingen)

Pilot Activity 2: Target group oriented marketing for local services in Freiamt

Demand orientation: Does the pilot action respond to an existing or potential demand?

This pilot project responds to the necessity of better publication and marketing of existing local services in order to make the resident population of Freiamt more aware of what is available and to encourage the community to support local businesses.

Participatory approach: Was the pilot action developed together with local stakeholders? How are they integrated into the implementation of the pilot activity?

The project ideas arose from the regional team, which is comprised of representatives from the municipalitiy of Freiamt as well as members from the Regionalverband Südlicher Oberrhein and the Department of Regional Development and Spatial Planning of the Technical University of Kaiserslautern. A network and some regular round-table discussions will be established to examine the possibilities for offering products more cheaply and efficiently.

Technical Innovation: Does the pilot action encompass any technical innovation?

This pilot project does utilize new technologies the way the first pilot project does, but rather has a goal of publicizing the technical innovations offered by local businesses in coordination with supply delivery services from the first pilot project.

Organizational Innovation: Does the pilot action encompass any organisational innovation?

To set up an organisation and coordination between local retailers and service providers of Freiamt is a necessary part of the pilot projects

Implementation: Can the pilot activity be implemented in the Test Area within the given timeframe of ACCESS?

The realization can be implemented in the given timeframe.

Financial Sustainability: Can the pilot activity be financed over the long term after the end of the ACCESS-project?

The goal of the pilot project is that the local actors can continue the marketing activities, which are needful for the acceptance of the delivery services and the support of the local pattern of trade and services by the residents.

Transferability: Can the lessons learnt from the pilot activity be transferred to other regions?

Theoretically, the ideas can be transferred.

Regional Intermediate Report page -35- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

6.2.3. Pilot Activity 3: Development of an internet platform to facilitate online ordering and build-up delivery services for everyday needs in Wolfach (Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach)

Pilot Activity 3: Development of an local internet platform to facilitate online ordering and build- up delivery services for everyday needs in Wolfach

Demand orientation: Does the pilot action respond to an existing or potential demand?

This pilot project is a demand-oriented project that provides an option for a better provision of daily needs. The pilot project can only function if a good portion of the population in Wolfach (and service providers as well as retailers) participate. The project idea was presented at a public informative meeting on 25 March 2009 in Wolfach. The feasibility of projects was tested in April and May 2009 through a comprehensive orally survey with approx. 1.700 households (64 % of all households). A further survey will follow in early 2010.

Participatory approach: Was the pilot action developed together with local stakeholders? How are they integrated into the implementation of the pilot activity?

The Project idea has been arisen from the regional team, which is comprised of representatives from the city of Wolfach as well as members from the Regionalverband Südlicher Oberrhein and the Department of Regional Development and Spatial Planning of the Technical University of Kaiserslautern. The regional team will support this pilot project by providing scientific know-how and through promotion of the website and the brochures. The Project idea was also discussed in several conferences of the municipal council of Wolfach, lastly at 09 September 2009, as well as in the regional planning council of Region Südlicher Oberrhein. Both councils welcome this pilot action within the ACCESS framework very much. The most important players in this pilot project are, however, the retailers that are participating in the pilot project and the deliverers of supplies. The pilot action was discussed at 21 October 2009 with about 20 local retailers and local or regional stakeholders. Extensive one-on-one interviews will follow in Dezember 2009 and a further “round table” will take place in January 2010, so that the business plan can be solidified in Spring 2010.

Technical Innovation: Does the pilot action encompass any technical innovation?

There are technical innovations on both sides: the households can use the internet to order goods of everyday need online but still from a local/regional retailer, the retailers need to use ICT to manage the incoming and outgoing goods.

Organizational Innovation: Does the pilot action encompass any organisational innovation?

Organizational innovations: ICT will be used for providing better grocery supplies, the customers do not have to come to the store any longer. By delivering groceries/supplies to the front door, it is getting easier for immobile people to purchase basic supplies and groceries. This not only helps people without individual transportation (i.e. without a car), but particularly those people with social disabilities, women with children and teenagers, and those, such as the elderly or those with physical disabilities, who restricted to their homes due to health reasons. It is also innovative that the e-commerce is in the beginning set up with groceries, and in particular, regional products. This e-commerce will be started in a rural area and not in a bigger city as it was previously common.

Regional Intermediate Report page -36- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

Implementation: Can the pilot activity be implemented in the Test Area within the given timeframe of ACCESS?

The realization can be implemented within the given timeframe. It is scheduled to start with the delivery services in spring 2010. Nevertheless, this pilot action needs a lot of time for preparation because of the high participatory and demand-orientated approach but also in order to meet legal and economic requirements. Of course, the handling of the pilot project is a lasting process that will always be tested by the customers and must constantly be evaluated (e.g. Does this supply choice/range work? Are the customers satisfied? Is the quality of the processes okay?)

Financial Sustainability: Can the pilot activity be financed over the long term after the end of the ACCESS project?

The pilot project is aimed to become self-supporting. The costs accumulated by the care and further development of the local internet platform, the brochures, the delivery services etc. should be covered through the sale of groceries and the delivery service charge of the customers.

Transferability: Can the lessons learnt from the pilot activity be transferred to other regions?

Theoretically, the ideas can be transferred. The success, however, is closely related to two actors: the retailers that provide goods and services and the citizens that use this new form of grocery shopping. Also, a regional basis for this project should always be preserved. The project aims to support and encourage local shops and thereby to ensure a benefit for the whole village or town. In every locality where this pilot action will be implemented, the depth and breadth of supply will be different and dependent on the local providers and other actors.

Regional Intermediate Report page -37- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

6.2.4. Pilot Activity 4: Target group oriented marketing for local services in Wolfach (Test Area Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach)

Pilot Activity 4: Target group oriented marketing for local services in Wolfach

Demand orientation: Does the pilot action respond to an existing or potential demand?

This pilot project responds to the necessity of better publication and marketing of existing local services in order to make the resident population of Wolfach more aware of what is available and to encourage the community to support local businesses.

Participatory approach: Was the pilot action developed together with local stakeholders? How are they integrated into the implementation of the pilot activity?

The project ideas arose from the regional team, which is comprised of representatives from the city of Wolfach as well as members from the Regionalverband Südlicher Oberrhein and the Department of Regional Development and Spatial Planning of the Technical University of Kaiserslautern. A network and some regular round-table discussions will be established to examine the possibilities for offering products more cheaply and efficiently.

Technical Innovation: Does the pilot action encompass any technical innovation?

This pilot project does utilize new technologies the way the first pilot project does, but rather has a goal of publicizing the technical innovations offered by local businesses in coordination with supply delivery services from the first pilot project.

Organizational Innovation: Does the pilot action encompass any organisational innovation?

To set up an organisation and coordination between local retailers and service providers of Wolfach is a necessary part of the pilot projects

Implementation: Can the pilot activity be implemented in the Test Area within the given timeframe of ACCESS?

The realization can be implemented in the given timeframe.

Financial Sustainability: Can the pilot activity be financed over the long term after the end of the ACCESS-project?

The goal of the pilot project is that the local actors can continue the marketing activities, which are needful for the acceptance of the delivery services and the support of the local pattern of trade and services by the residents.

Transferability: Can the lessons learnt from the pilot activity be transferred to other regions?

Theoretically, the ideas can be transferred.

Regional Intermediate Report page -38- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

7. Appendix I: Good Practice Examples (long version)

7.1. Good Practice Example “DORV-Zentrum Jülich-Barmen”

Good Practice Examples 1: DORV-Zentrum Jülich

1. Domain(s) of public services involved

ICT Public Transport X Everyday Needs

Others:

2. Target group

All residents of Jülich-Barmen (about 1.400 people), in particular - elderly residents (e.g. those who wish to remain lifelong in the village) - young families (e.g. may be able to long-term avoid purchasing a second car and children can learn shopping) - employed population (e.g. possible to reduce stress caused by shopping and raise quality of life by having shopping near to home – DORV Zentrum opens at 6.30 am) - new citizens (e.g. may facilitate a quicker entrance into community life when the DORV-Zentrum is also a centre for communication and information) - single households (e.g. can use individual coordinated services)

3. Territorial level or extent

Provides services to the 1,400 residents of Barmen community, a rural part of the City of Jülich, Germany.

4. For how long it has been running / operating?

The idea of providing for basic needs by bundling groceries and services under one roof was developed and the first design concept was prepared in 2001/2002. In March 2002, the planned project was first introduced to the public. Following the positive response, there were workshops with citizens, surveys and newsletters. The DORV-Trägerverein (DORV Association) was established in March 2003 and currently has about 150 members. A feasibility study was financially backed by the federal state of Nordrhine-Westfalia to test and evaluate the store idea. After a positive evaluation, the capital for the store was generated by selling shares of the store, and the renovation of an appropriate location began. The DORV-Zentrum opened in September 2004 in the village centre of Barmen.

5. Basic idea and aim of your good practice in the provision of public services?

DORV-Zentrum stands for “Dienstleistung und Ortsnahe Rundum Versorgung” ( “services and local provision of basic needs”). The basic idea comprises to provide local shopping opportunities in order to improve the quality of life, to maintain an independent economic and cultural identity of the village, to support sustainability, and to take changing demographics (an aging population) into consideration.

6. Background / main reasons for implementation of this particular service and how did the operation emerge?

As the village was facing the departure of many stores and necessary services, the residents of Barmen came together to form a board of trustees to create DORV to provide basic items and services to the community.

Regional Intermediate Report page -39- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

7. Who was the initiator?

Residents of the village Barmen, particularly Heinz Frey.

8. How does it work / function?

Residents of Jülich-Barmen bought shares of the DORV in order to provide initial funding (also creating a sense of ownership and pride in the local store). The DORV concept is based on three pillars: Everyday Needs: Groceries and fresh items, e.g. meat, sausage, cheese, bread, bakery goods, fruit, vegetables, frozen food, cosmetics Services: - Public services, e.g. license, building application, application for child allowance - semi-public services, e.g. ATM as well as an advisory paper, public/city services, energy and water supplies - private services, e.g. travel agency, daily newspaper, dry cleaners, craftsmen ,and the city administration Social Service Station: Placement of social and medical provisions (e.g. elderly care, pick-up and delivery service, transport service, social and retirement counselling, assistance/care for the severely handicapped, meals on wheels). Additionally, it works as an unofficial communication centre for the town. Partners are the Workers’ Welfare Association (AWO) as well as a doctor in a secondary surgery for two hours per day, a dentist and pharmacy services that are directly tied to the DORV-Zentrum. The basic ideas of the DORV-Zentrums are bundling, concentration, regional focus, quality and modern media. As for grocery suppliers, a baker and butcher come from a neighbouring town and farmers come from the region. The DORV-Zentrum is a centre for the daily needs (in particular, groceries such as fresh fruits and vegetables, bakery items, and items from the butcher) and is a local centre for purchasing groceries to supplement shopping at supermarkets and discounter stores (e.g. with regards to canned and frozen food). The selection at any time consists of a brand-name product and no-name product. The store is approximately 150 sq. m. The strength of the DORV shop does not show in price, but rather in the personal consultations and individual customer service. Two voluntary store directors work at the DORV-Zentrum, as well as two permanent full-time employees and six to seven part-time workers that have flexible working hours. As the employees of the DORV-Zentrum work for all other partners (including, issuing driving licenses, selling groceries, consultations, etc.) and services are bundled, there are savings in operating costs . The opening hours are: From Monday to Saturday 6:30 am to 1 pm, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday additionally from 3 pm to 6 pm, and Sunday from 8 to 11 am.

9. Who is the provider?

Ideally spoken, the Barmen community support group is the provider for the DORV concept. This is an organized DORV-Support Group (free membership). Legally, two different firms are established: the DORV-Partner GbR and the DORV-Zentrum GmbH. The GbR gathers capital from various partners, specifically citizens who purchase shares (250 Euro per share, limit of 8 shares per person). At the same time, the GbR is a subsequent society of the GmbH.

Regional Intermediate Report page -40- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

The GmbH is the limited liability customer society. Both store managers – Heinz Frey and Norbert Schommer – work as unpaid volunteers. Cooperation partners are - MARKANT (for daily needs) as well as local producers like the bakery, the butchery or the farmer - KOMM-IN-GmbH, city administration of Jülich and other suppliers (for services) - Workers’ Welfare Association (AWO) (for social services station)

10. Why is it considered innovative?

The residents of Jülich-Barmen took it upon themselves to work with the local government and businesses to establish a location where everyday business could be transacted at a time when many small “mom-and-pop stores” were being forced out of business by larger chain stores. It also provides a once per week delivery service, which is especially useful for the elderly. It was funded through citizens/residents buying shares in the store, and the managers of the DORV are unpaid volunteers.

11. Has the provision required special institutional arrangements?

Amongst other, special arrangements were made with the building authority / planning commission concerning fire prevention and with the health authority concerning the meat counter. Also, a wholesaler had to be located that would deliver items to a small grocery shop without a contract, without a minimum required amount, and would make reliable deliveries multiple times per week.

12. What were the initial costs (in Euro) and how was it financed?

Initial costs were approximately 100,000 Euro. Amongst other things for renovations to the building, equipment for the shop (inventory control system, shelf system, cooling system, cash register system) and first stock of groceries for 15.000 Euros. It was mostly financed through citizens purchasing shares in the store with: - Personal contribution (19.000 Euro) - Investment of the Barmen citizens (raised through shares) (25.000 Euro) - Private credit of the Barmen citizens (25.000 Euro) - State-run KFW-Bank awarded a loan (33.000 Euro)

13. What are the annual running costs (in Euro) and how are they financed?

Operating costs arouse, among other things, from rent of the building and salaries. Each year the DORV shop does about 300.000 Euros of business, which is 900 Euro per day. In Barmen, about 130 to 160 people shop daily, which means they have an average bill of 6,50 Euros.

14. Are there any problems / obstacles encountered / identified so far? - The early involvement of the population is important, as are early agreements with public authorities (e.g. the health office). - No bank wanted to award a loan in order to initiate the DORV-concept and the retail association did not support the project either. - At the beginning there was reservation as the initiators were also engaged in political parties. But now, that reservation no longer exists. - The DORV-Zentrum covers only a limited selection of groceries, which would be required frequently and fresh. Therefore households must, for example, meet their needs elsewhere for frozen foods, convenience items or special products. - The DORV concept functions only if the citizens support the concept – and not only in ideal, but also physically by shopping at the DORV-Zentrum. This concept is particularly important for elderly people and people who are not mobile. However, it only functions sustainably when all resident groups use the shop. - For a sustainable concept, the baker and butcher must also be driving forces.

Regional Intermediate Report page -41- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

15. Any feedback and/or evaluation available? Do you plan to assess the operation? How?

The evaluation shall be conducted continuously through the citizens who “decide by feet”, by shopping in the DORV shop or not. The operators are flexible with the opening hours and selection of goods and regularly check the selection on new products.

16. Future plans

Three more DORV stores should be developed in neighbouring villages: Inden-Schophoven (approximately 700 residents), Jülich-Koslar (around 3000 residents) and Rhede-Krechting. In the future, the basic concept should be further developed for solutions to everyday needs for a) a very small town and b) for a city, although also in alliance with the third work market (long-term unemployed without a perspective on a job). The DORV shop in Jülich should be expanded on automobiles (delivery services, car-sharing, and a transportation service, e.g. to medical specialists). Another approach is the expansion with communication and culture, for example, a library as well as a café and a provision for toilets.

17. Do you think that this good practice is transferable to other regions? (Please give also an estimation 1) good 2) medium 3) not transferable)

The idea is certainly transferable, but it will require an involved and supportive community. The initiators of the DORV concept offer base analyses with which other communities can test whether the DORV concept can function in their respective community. It costs 1,000 Euro. An adaption of the concepts to the specific community is important. The concept must be adjusted to the respective structure of the community. Operators of the DORV-Zentrum say the concept functions with approx. 800 residents.

18. Do you think that this good practice is transferable to other areas of domain in public services? (Please give also an estimation 1) good 2) medium 3) not transferable)

Today, this good practice already encompasses a large spectrum of different public services.

19. Contact information DORV-Zentrum or Heinz Frey, Store Operator Kirchstraße 29, 52428 Jülich-Barmen Prämeinstr. 49, 52428 Jülich http://www.dorv.de [email protected] or [email protected]

Regional Intermediate Report page -42- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

7.2. Good Practice Example “local/ regional delivery service of supermarket Rewe Richrath”

Good Practice Examples 2: Rewe Richrath

1. Domain(s) of public services involved

ICT Public Transport X Everyday Needs

Others:

2. Target group

Anyone in the Cologne/Bonn/Erftstadt area who wishes to have groceries delivered – whether it be those who are unable to shop for themselves or simply those who do not have time to grocery shop for themselves and the normal supermarket customers.

3. Territorial level or extent

Provides services to citizens in the Cologne/Bonn/Erftstadt area.

4. For how long it has been running / operating?

Rewe supermarkets have been in existence since 1874. The current organization of the Rewe Richrath stores was established in 1997. It is unclear how long the online-delivery service has been operational.

5. Basic idea and aim of your good practice in the provision of public services?

To provide a grocery delivery services in the Cologne/Bonn/Erftstadt region.

6. Background / main reasons for implementation of this particular service and how did the operation emerge?

not applicable

7. Who was the initiator?

The Richrath family.

8. How does it work / function?

In addition to a physical grocery store, Rewe Richrath provides a possibility to purchase groceries online and have them delivered in the urban Cologne/Bonn/Erftstadt region. Customers place their grocery order online, and deliveries are made Monday through Saturday. When the order is placed before 10 am, it will be delivered the same day beginning at 3 pm. When the order is placed before 8 pm, the order will be delivered beginning at 9 the next morning. Orders for Saturday delivery must be placed by 8 pm on Friday. If the order costs more than 55 Euros (without deposits and without returnable boxes), no delivery charge is added. If the order is less than 55 euro, a 10 euro delivery charge is added, but there is no minimum order. Products are arranged online in various categories and can also be found through a product search function. Weekly deals and specialty items also receive categories. It is possible to pay through cash, direct debit, or by being billed.

9. Who is the provider?

Family-run Rewe supermarket provides this service.

10. Why is it considered innovative?

While some specialty shops and high-end groceries have offered a delivery service, this is an example of an everyday average grocery store that now offers online ordering and a delivery service.

Regional Intermediate Report page -43- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

11. Has the provision required special institutional arrangements?

not applicable

12. What were the initial costs (in Euro) and how was it financed?

It functions financially just as any other Rewe supermarket, and delivery services are funded through the 10 euro delivery service charge.

13. What are the annual running costs (in Euro) and how are they financed?

not applicable

14. Are there any problems / obstacles encountered / identified so far?

not applicable

15. Any feedback and/or evaluation available? Do you plan to assess the operation? How?

not applicable

16. Future plans

not applicable

17. Do you think that this good practice is transferable to other regions? (Please give also an estimation 1) good 2) medium 3) not transferable)

1) As Rewe, or another chain grocery store, exists in most areas, this would be a fairly easy concept to transfer to another region, especially as all required services are offered by the shop-owner himself.

18. Do you think that this good practice is transferable to other areas of domain in public services? (Please give also an estimation 1) good 2) medium 3) not transferable)

1) Yes, there is potential to transfer this to other fields, for example restaurants.

19. Contact information

http://www.richrath-lieferservice.de/; Peter Richrath, Lutz Richrath – Rewe Executives

Regional Intermediate Report page -44- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

8. Appendix II: Statistical Data and Maps

8.1. Description of ACCESS Statistical Data

ACCESS Statistical Data contains data about region, subregion(s) and local units referring to test area(s)

Data Definition Description is following columns of Excel sheet Obligatory content in boldface

NUTS_2 Identifier of NUTS_2 Region European Type NUTS_3 Identifier of NUTS_3 Region European Type DISTRICT Identifier of Political or Administration Unit between NUTS_3 and Local Unit Level ASS_LAU Identifier of Political or Administration Association of Local Units LAU_NAT Identifier of Local Unit National Type

PUB_ORG Description of Public Organisation from NUTS_2 to Local Unit National Type NAME_NAT Name of Public Organisation National Type

Insert Census Year into next row below field name! AREA_ACT Most actual Area Unit Square Kilometre 2 decimal places

POP_ACT Most actual Resident Population Unit Person POP_BACK Resident Population 10 to 20 years before actual census Unit Person POP_OLD Most actual Population elder than 64 years Unit Person POP_YOUNG Most actual Population younger than 15 years Unit Person

HOHO_ACT Most actual Number of Households

POP_WORK_IN Commuters coming to work from another Municipality Unit Person POP_WORK_OUT Commuters leaving for work to another Municipality Unit Person

OVNSTAY_TOUR Annual Over Night Stays in Tourism Unit Person

ENT_ACT Most actual Number of Enterprises (without agricultural ones) ENT_BACK Number of Enterprises 10 to 20 years before actual census

POP_SETT_L500 Resident Population living in compact settlements larger 500 Inhabitants Unit Person POP_SETT_L1000 Resident Population living in compact settlements larger 1.000 Inhabitants Unit Person REACH_REG_IT Time to reach Regional Centre by motorized individual Traffic Unit Minutes

Regional Intermediate Report page -45- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

REACH_REG_PT Time to reach Regional Centre by Public Traffic Unit Minutes FREQ_PTRAF Daily Departures of Public Bus at the best served Station (line-stops only in one direction)

FOOD_SHOP Number of Shops offering Food (also baker and butcher but no petrol station)

HOHO_BBAND Number of Households with Internet Broadband Access POP_INTUSE Population using Internet Unit Person

8.2. Description of ACCESS Indicators

The Indicators of ACCESS represent statistical characteristics of preconditions for the establishment, the establishment itself and the impact of SGI. On one hand the indicators will be able to reveal disparities on a local level on the other they will also serve for the transnational comparison. It is important to mention that indicators are designed to get a clear picture of a sometimes complexe process influenced by society, economy etc. It is not always possible to capture all components of such a process. In the following 2 indicators in the sphere of society, socio-economy and spatial development completed by indicators for ACCESS core themes (goods of daily need, Mobility and ICT). The information for the indicators shall be collected on the municipality level (example Tyrol: Gemeinden), test area (example Tyrol: Bezirk Landeck) and region (example Tyrol: Bundesland Tirol). The indicators themselves will be calculated automatically on the basis of the statistical data filled in. Calculations of (regional) averages follow equal rules. A recommendation of transnational classification of indicators values is raised finally.

A Social Indicators Indicator 1 Population Development (Bevölkerungsentwicklung) Annual average of the relative change in resident population for a time period of 10 – 20 years POP_DEV = (fx LN POP_ACT – fx LN POP_BACK) / YEARS Percent 2 decimal places fx LN Logarithmus Naturalis

Indicator 2a Old-age Dependency Ratio (Altenquotient) The ratio of the number of the most actual Population elder than 64 years generally economically inactive divided by the number of persons of working age (15 – 65 years). POP_OLD_RATE = POP_OLD / (POP_ACT – POP_OLD – POP_YOUNG) * 100 Percent 0 decimal places

Indicator 2b Young age Dependency Ratio (Jugendqoutient) The young-age dependency ratio is the ratio of the most actual Population younger than 15 years divided by the number of persons of working age (15 – 65 years). POP_YOUNG_RATE = POP_YOUNG / (POP_ACT – POP_OLD – POP_YOUNG) * 100 Percent 0 decimal places

Regional Intermediate Report page -46- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

B Socio-economic Indicators Indicator 3 Maximum Population Ratio (Quotient der Maximalbevölkerung) The ratio of the total of resident and working population as well as the number of touristic overnight stays (entire year) divided by the number of the resident population. POP_MAX_RATE = (POP_ACT + POP_WORK_IN – POP_WORK_OUT + OVNSTAY_TOUR / 365) / POP_ACT * 100 Percent 0 decimal places

Indicator 4 Development of Enterprises (Entwicklung von Unternehmen) Average annual change in the number of enterprises (not including farms) for a time period of 10 – 20 years. ENT_DEV = (fx LN ENT_ACT – fx LN ENT_BACK) / YEARS Percent 2 decimal places

C Spatial Indicators Indicator 5 Local Settlement Concentration Ratio 500 (örtliche Siedlungskonzentration über 500 Einwohner) Ratio of the resident population living in compact settlements larger than 500 inhabitants divided by the most actual resident population. SETT_CONC_L500 = POP_SETT_L500 / POP_ACT * 100 Percent 0 decimal places

Indicator 6a Regional Reachability Individual Traffic (Regionale Erreichbarkeit im IV) Time spent in order to reach the next regional centre (appoint name in data set and if it is outside or inside of test area) by individual motorised traffic. Calculation of regional average is to weight on (local) resident population numbers without regard to that value of the regional centre. REACH_REG_IT Minutes 0 decimal places

Indicator 6b Regional Reachability Public Transit (Regionale Erreichbarkeit im ÖPNV) Time spent in order to reach the next regional centre (appoint name in data set and if it is outside or inside of test area) by public transport. Calculation of regional average is to weight on (local) resident population numbers without regard to that value of the regional centre. REACH_REG_PT Minutes 0 decimal places

C Special Indicators (optional) Indicator 7 Maximum Frequency Public Traffic (Maximale Bedienungsfrequenz ÖPNV) Daily departures of public transport on best served stopping points (line stops only in one direction). Calculation of regional average is to weight on (local) resident population numbers without regard to that value of the regional centre. FREQ_PTRAF_MAX Number 0 decimal places

Regional Intermediate Report page -47- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

Indicator 8 Density of Groceries by Resident Population (Dichte an Einzelhandels- geschäften mit Lebensmittelangebot nach der Wohnbevölkerung) The number of most actual resident population divided by the number of groceries (incl. bakeries and butcheries) DENS_GROC_POP = POP_ACT / FOOD_SHOP Person 0 decimal places

Indicator 9a Private Broadband Access (Breitband Zugang für Haushalte) The ratio of the number of households with broad band access divided by the most actual number of households. BBAND_PRVACC_RATE = HOHO_BBAND / HOHO_ACT * 100 Percent 0 decimal places

Indicator 9b Private Internet Usage (Internetnutzung durch Private) The ratio of the population using internet divided by the most actual resident population. INTERNET_PRVUSE_RATE = POP_INTUSE / POP_ACT * 100 Percent 0 decimal places

D Classification Similar legend of classification Indicator Very low low mean high very high

Color dark blue blue yellow pink red

Value Ranges

1 POP_DEV < -0,99 -0,99 to -0,25 -0,24 to 0,25 0,26 to 1,00 > 1,00

2a POP_OLD_R. < |21 21 - 25 26 -30 31 - 35 > 35

2b POP_YOUNG_R. < 16 16 - 20 21 - 25 26 - 30 > 30

3 POP_MAX_RATE < 75 75 - 94 95 - 109 110 - 150 > 150

4 ENT_DEV < -0,99 -0,99 to -0,00 -0,01 to 1,00 1,01 to 2,00 > 2,00

5a SETT_CONC_L500 < 21 21 - 40 41 - 60 61 - 80 > 80

5b SETT_CONC_L1.000 < 21 21 - 40 41 - 60 61 - 80 > 80

6a REACH_REG_IT > 59 59 - 45 44 - 30 29 - 15 14 – 0

6b REACH_REG_PT > 59 59 - 45 44 - 30 29 - 15 14 – 0

7 FREQ_PTRAF_MAX 0 1 - 6 7 - 12 13 - 24 > 24

8 DENS_GROC_POP 0 > 1.000 501 – 1.000 251 – 500 1 - 250

9a BBAND_PRVACC_R. 0 -19 20 - 39 40 - 59 60 - 79 80 - 100

9b I.NET_PRVUSE_R. 0 -19 20 - 39 40 - 59 60 - 79 80 - 100

Regional Intermediate Report page -48- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

8.3. Maps, Statistical Data and Indicators

8.3.1. Settlement Structure

Settlement Data – Population Structure and Area

population resident households area development population 1987 to 2007 year 2007 year 2006 year 2007 annual average in person in number in square km in percent POP_DEV POP_ACT HOHO_ACT AREA_ACT Regierungsbezirk Freiburg 0,85 2.196.410 1.007.000 9.347,07 Region Südlicher Oberrhein 0,99 1.044.996 485.000 4.072.06 Mittelbereich 1,04 117.825 51.554 403,76 Emmendingen Bahlingen a. K., Gemeinde 1,00 3.914 1.670 12,66 Denzlingen, Gemeinde 0,99 13.517 7.030 16,95 Emmendingen, Stadt 0,80 26.456 12.459 33,78 Endingen a. K., Stadt 1,27 9.085 3.670 26,72 Forchheim, Gemeinde 0,94 1.237 470 10,78 Herbolzheim, Stadt 1,43 9.987 4.200 35,48 Kenzingen, Stadt 1,43 9.079 3.675 36,93 Malterdingen, Gemeinde 1,58 3.004 1.185 11,14 Reute, Gemeinde 1,37 3.096 1.270 4,79 Riegel a. K., Gemeinde 1,61 3.604 1.560 18,34 Sasbach a. K., Gemeinde 1,15 3.393 1.330 20,78 Sexau, Gemeinde 0,89 3.235 1.375 16,30 Teningen, Gemeinde 0,58 11.839 5.380 40,27 Vörstetten, Gemeinde 2,16 2.934 1.320 7,89 Weisweil, Gemeinde 1,72 2.145 820 19,09 Wyhl a. K., Gemeinde 1,28 3.613 1.360 16,95 Rheinhausen, Gemeinde 0,50 3.423 1.315 21,99 Freiamt, Gemeinde 0,54 4.264 1.465 52,92 Mittelbereich 0,35 37.135 15.370 363,22 Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach Fischerbach, Gemeinde 0,69 1.695 595 20,30 Gutach, Gemeinde 0,04 2.215 955 31,74 Haslach im Kinzigtal, Stadt 0,86 7.006 3.140 18,71 Hausach, Stadt 0,64 5.807 2.590 36,07 Hofstetten, Gemeinde 0,54 1.686 515 18,15 Hornberg, Stadt - 0,26 4.403 1.985 54,45 Mühlenbach, Gemeinde 0,66 1.691 570 31,22 Oberwolfach, Gemeinde 0,16 2.749 955 51,27 Steinach a. d. Kinzig, Gemeinde 0,50 4.003 1.380 33,32 Wolfach, Stadt - 0,05 5.880 2.685 67,99

Regional Intermediate Report page -49- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

Map 6: Population Development in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach from 1987 to 2007

Regional Intermediate Report page -50- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

8.3.2. Social Structure

Social Data – Age Pattern

old age young age population population dependency dependency older than 64 younger ratio ratio years than15 years year 2007 year 2007 year 2007 year 2007 ratio ratio in person in person POP_OLD_ POP_YOUNG_ POP_OLD POP_YOUNG RATE RATE Regierungsbezirk Freiburg 29 23 422.360 329.845 Region Südlicher Oberrhein 28 22 193.482 155.786 Mittelbereich 27 23 21.323 18.199 Emmendingen Bahlingen a. K., Gemeinde 24 22 645 584 Denzlingen, Gemeinde 28 22 2.558 1.976 Emmendingen, Stadt 29 23 5.103 3.970 Endingen a. K., Stadt 28 23 1.674 1.405 Forchheim, Gemeinde 26 29 208 229 Herbolzheim, Stadt 27 24 1.772 1.597 Kenzingen, Stadt 28 25 1.659 1.480 Malterdingen, Gemeinde 23 24 467 497 Reute, Gemeinde 21 24 446 511 Riegel a. K., Gemeinde 19 20 496 528 Sasbach a. K., Gemeinde 25 24 565 543 Sexau, Gemeinde 28 23 599 485 Teningen, Gemeinde 31 23 2.399 1.745 Vörstetten, Gemeinde 22 22 457 444 Weisweil, Gemeinde 23 23 343 342 Wyhl a. K., Gemeinde 21 22 527 551 Rheinhausen, Gemeinde 28 28 607 611 Freiamt, Gemeinde 29 25 798 701 Mittelbereich 32 25 7.593 5.990 Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach Fischerbach, Gemeinde 31 28 326 302 Gutach, Gemeinde 37 26 499 349 Haslach im Kinzigtal, Stadt 32 25 1.426 1.124 Hausach, Stadt 31 23 1.170 865 Hofstetten, Gemeinde 25 30 271 324 Hornberg, Stadt 36 24 996 660 Mühlenbach, Gemeinde 30 29 322 311 Oberwolfach, Gemeinde 34 31 567 510 Steinach a. d. Kinzig, Gemeinde 27 27 709 708 Wolfach, Stadt 35 22 1.307 837

Regional Intermediate Report page -51- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

Map 7: Old-age Dependence Ratio in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2007

Map 8: Young-age Dependence Ratio in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2007

Regional Intermediate Report page -52- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

8.3.3. Socio-Economic Structure

Socio-Economic Data – employee (optional data) and commuters

employee 5 commuters 6

at place of at residence coming in to leaving out work work for work year 2007 year 2007 year 2007 year 2007 in person in person in person in person POP_WORK_ POP_WORK_ OPTIONAL OPTIONAL IN OUT Regierungsbezirk Freiburg --- - Region Südlicher Oberrhein --- - Mittelbereich 30.222 41.805 - - Emmendingen Bahlingen a. K., Gemeinde 1.250 1.453 898 1.101 Denzlingen, Gemeinde 2.464 4.645 1.765 3.946 Emmendingen, Stadt 8.816 8.712 6.059 5.955 Endingen a. K., Stadt 2.548 3.226 1.524 2.202 Forchheim, Gemeinde 75 499 47 471 Herbolzheim, Stadt 3.176 3.644 2.251 2.719 Kenzingen, Stadt 2.112 3.135 1.537 2.560 Malterdingen, Gemeinde 1.020 1.165 823 968 Reute, Gemeinde 245 1.258 150 1.163 Riegel a. K., Gemeinde 1.006 1.343 799 1.136 Sasbach a. K., Gemeinde 369 1.226 210 1.067 Sexau, Gemeinde 812 1.243 654 1.085 Teningen, Gemeinde 4.180 4.154 3.183 3.157 Vörstetten, Gemeinde 410 1.005 340 935 Weisweil, Gemeinde 415 802 265 652 Wyhl a. K., Gemeinde 415 1.450 235 1.270 Rheinhausen, Gemeinde 476 1.249 319 1.092 Freiamt, Gemeinde 433 1.596 163 1.326 Mittelbereich 12.524 14.005 - - Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach Fischerbach, Gemeinde 305 612 203 510 Gutach, Gemeinde 917 833 670 586 Haslach im Kinzigtal, Stadt 3.232 2.611 2.192 1.571 Hausach, Stadt 2.901 2.223 1.984 1.306 Hofstetten, Gemeinde 284 662 179 557 Hornberg, Stadt 1.641 1.567 932 858 Mühlenbach, Gemeinde 103 601 52 550 Oberwolfach, Gemeinde 435 1.014 226 805 Steinach a. d. Kinzig, Gemeinde 747 1.634 470 1.357 Wolfach, Stadt 1.959 2.248 1.259 1.548

5 employee subject to social insurance contributions 6 commuters cross-community

Regional Intermediate Report page -53- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

Map 9: Number of Employee at place of work in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2007

Map 10: Balance between commuters coming in to work and commuters leaving out for work in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2007

Regional Intermediate Report page -54- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

Socio-Economic Data – Maximum Population Ratio and Tourism

overnight maximum stays in population tourism 7 ratio 8 year 2006 2006/2007 OVNSTAY_ POP_MAX_

TOUR RATE Regierungsbezirk Freiburg 13.523.082 - Region Südlicher Oberrhein 8.487.203 103 Mittelbereich 249.578 91 Emmendingen Bahlingen a. K., Gemeinde 13.765 96 Denzlingen, Gemeinde 11.450 84 Emmendingen, Stadt 28.837 101 Endingen a.K., Stadt 28.777 93 Forchheim, Gemeinde - - Herbolzheim, Stadt 39.702 - Kenzingen, Stadt 14.290 89 Malterdingen, Gemeinde - - Reute, Gemeinde - - Riegel a. K., Gemeinde 38.757 94 Sasbach a. K., Gemeinde 6.374 75 Sexau, Gemeinde 7.358 87 Teningen, Gemeinde 11.546 100 Vörstetten, Gemeinde - - Weisweil, Gemeinde - - Wyhl a. K., Gemeinde - - Rheinhausen, Gemeinde - - Freiamt, Gemeinde 48.722 76 Mittelbereich 270.212 98 Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach Fischerbach, Gemeinde 8.609 83 Gutach, Gemeinde 8.742 105 Haslach im Kinzigtal, Stadt 12.486 109 Hausach, Stadt 12.901 112 Hofstetten, Gemeinde 11.503 79 Hornberg, Stadt 48.605 105 Mühlenbach, Gemeinde 7.669 72 Oberwolfach, Gemeinde 51.452 84 Steinach a. d. Kinzig, Gemeinde 13.102 79 Wolfach, Stadt 95.143 100

7 In the statistics, overnight stays include only accommodation facilities with nine or more beds. It is supposed that the number of overnight stays including small accommodations would be higher, ordinarily about 30 %. 8 Maximum population ratio on level of Region and Test Areas without overnight stays in accommodations with less than nine beds.

Regional Intermediate Report page -55- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

Map 11: Annual Overnight Stays in Tourism in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2006

Map 12: Maximum Population Ratio in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2006/2007

Regional Intermediate Report page -56- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

B Socio-Economic Data – Economic Structure

development enterprises enterprises 10 enterprises of enterprises actual years before 20 years before annual average in number in number in number in percent ENT_DEV ENT_ACT ENT_BACK ENT_BACK Regierungsbezirk Freiburg - - - - Region Südlicher Oberrhein - - - - Mittelbereich - - - - Emmendingen Bahlingen a. K., Gemeinde - - - - Denzlingen, Gemeinde - - - - Emmendingen, Stadt - - - - Endingen a. K., Stadt - - - - Forchheim, Gemeinde - - - - Herbolzheim, Stadt - - - - Kenzingen, Stadt - - - - Malterdingen, Gemeinde - - - - Reute, Gemeinde - - - - Riegel a. K., Gemeinde - - - - Sasbach a. K., Gemeinde - - - - Sexau, Gemeinde - - - - Teningen, Gemeinde - - - - Vörstetten, Gemeinde - - - - Weisweil, Gemeinde - - - - Wyhl a. K., Gemeinde - - - - Rheinhausen, Gemeinde - - - - Freiamt, Gemeinde - - - - Mittelbereich - - - - Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach Fischerbach, Gemeinde - - - - Gutach, Gemeinde - - - - Haslach im Kinzigtal, Stadt - - - - Hausach, Stadt - - - - Hofstetten, Gemeinde - - - - Hornberg, Stadt - - - - Mühlenbach, Gemeinde - - - - Oberwolfach, Gemeinde - - - - Steinach a. d. Kinzig, Gemeinde --- - Wolfach, Stadt - - - -

There is no significant standardised data available on concerning the number of enterprises.

Regional Intermediate Report page -57- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

8.3.4. Spatial Structure

C Spatial Data - Settlement

local local population population settlement settlement living in living in concentra- concentra- compact compact tion ratio tion ratio settlements settlements larger 500 larger 1.000 larger 500 larger 1.000 year 2007 year 2007 year 2007 year 2007 in percent in percent in person in person SETT_CONC_ SETT_CONC_ POP_SETT_ POP_SETT_ L500 L1000 L500 L100 Regierungsbezirk Freiburg - - - - Region Südlicher Oberrhein 89 84 933.462 872.706 Mittelbereich 90 84 105.729 99.278 Emmendingen Bahlingen a. K., Gemeinde 97 97 3.812 3.812 Denzlingen, Gemeinde 93 93 12.506 12.506 Emmendingen, Stadt 95 92 25.079 24.366 Endingen a. K., Stadt 94 88 8.572 7.968 Forchheim, Gemeinde 85 85 1.051 1.051 Herbolzheim, Stadt 95 70 9.510 6.963 Kenzingen, Stadt 96 86 8.706 7.804 Malterdingen, Gemeinde 88 88 2.654 2.654 Reute, Gemeinde 100 73 3.096 2.247 Riegel a. K., Gemeinde 74 74 2.679 2.679 Sasbach a. K., Gemeinde 80 80 2.704 2.704 Sexau, Gemeinde 76 76 2.445 2.445 Teningen, Gemeinde 90 90 10.697 10.697 Vörstetten, Gemeinde 90 90 2.634 2.634 Weisweil, Gemeinde 94 94 2.011 2.011 Wyhl a. K., Gemeinde 97 97 3.500 3.500 Rheinhausen, Gemeinde 95 95 3.237 3.237 Freiamt, Gemeinde 20 0 836 0 Mittelbereich 70 69 26.156 25.483 Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach Fischerbach, Gemeinde 66 66 1.119 1.119 Gutach, Gemeinde 59 59 1.309 1.309 Haslach im Kinzigtal, Stadt 96 96 6.738 6.738 Hausach, Stadt 75 75 4.383 4.383 Hofstetten, Gemeinde 64 64 1.082 1.082 Hornberg, Stadt 52 52 2.299 2.299 Mühlenbach, Gemeinde 40 0 673 0 Oberwolfach, Gemeinde 55 55 1.506 1.506 Steinach a. d. Kinzig, Gemeinde 76 76 3.050 3.050 Wolfach, Stadt 68 68 3.995 3.995

Regional Intermediate Report page -58- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

Map 13: Resident Population living in compact settlements larger 500 Inhabitants in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2007

Map 14: Resident Population living in compact settlements larger 1,000 Inhabitants in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2007

Regional Intermediate Report page -59- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

8.3.5. Individual Traffic and Public Transport

C Spatial Data – Individual Traffic and Public Transport – Part I (also optional data)

regional reachability 9 Distance to next regional 10 centre individual public traffic transit year 2009 year 2009 year 2009 in minutes in minutes in kilometre fastest maximum

connection journey time REACH_REG_ REACH_REG_ OPTIONAL OPTIONAL IT PT Region Südlicher Oberrhein Mittelbereich 15 14 31 13 Emmendingen Bahlingen a. K., Gemeinde 14 24 55 10 Denzlingen, Gemeinde 11 4 7 8 Emmendingen, Stadt regional centre Endingen a. K., Stadt 18 20 38 16 Forchheim, Gemeinde 16 25 58 15 Herbolzheim, Stadt 20 9 47 20 Kenzingen, Stadt 16 6 13 13 Malterdingen, Gemeinde 12 15 35 9 Reute, Gemeinde 8 8 33 7 Riegel a. K., Gemeinde 14 4 8 9 Sasbach a. K., Gemeinde 25 29 59 23 Sexau, Gemeinde 11 10 41 6 Teningen, Gemeinde 8 12 20 7 Vörstetten, Gemeinde 10 14 38 7 Weisweil, Gemeinde 20 26 44 18 Wyhl a. K., Gemeinde 23 29 53 19 Rheinhausen, Gemeinde 21 22 54 22 Freiamt, Gemeinde 17 27 40 11 Mittelbereich 13 13 35 10 Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach 11 Fischerbach, Gemeinde 9 13 46 6 Gutach, Gemeinde 7 10 46 6 Haslach im Kinzigtal, Stadt tripartite regional centre Hausach, Stadt tripartite regional centre Hofstetten, Gemeinde 13 13 37 10 Hornberg, Stadt 17 15 36 14 Mühlenbach, Gemeinde 11 15 27 10 Oberwolfach, Gemeinde 17 18 42 12 Steinach a. d. Kinzig, Gemeinde 11 8 20 10 Wolfach, Stadt tripartite regional centre

9 Time for reachability from the best served stopping point of public transport at municipality to the best served stopping point of public transport at regional centre 10 Distance from the best served stopping point of public transport at municipality to the best served stopping point of public transport at regional centre; reference: Google Maps. 11 The values of regional reachability for the Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach are intersections between the time to reach every of the three regional centres.

Regional Intermediate Report page -60- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

C Spatial Data – Individual Traffic and Public Transport – Part II (also optional data)

best served train kind of maximum stopping point station connection frequency available public transport year 2009 year 2009 year 2009 year 2009 in number (intersection per day) OPTIONAL OPTIONAL OPTIONAL FREQ_PTRAF Regierungsbezirk Freiburg - - - - Region Südlicher Oberrhein - - - - Mittelbereich 26 Emmendingen Bahlingen a. K., Gemeinde Riedlen yes with change 16 Denzlingen, Gemeinde Bahnhof yes direct 34 Emmendingen, Stadt Bahnhof yes regional centre Endingen a. K., Stadt Bahnhof yes both 31 Forchheim, Gemeinde Wyhler Straße no with change 18 Herbolzheim, Stadt Bahnhof yes direct 34 Kenzingen, Stadt Bahnhof (Bus) yes direct 30 Malterdingen, Gemeinde Hautstraße no both 25 Reute, Gemeinde Friedhof no both 10 Riegel a. K., Gemeinde Bahnhof yes direct 30 Sasbach a. K., Gemeinde Bahnhof (Bus) yes with change 17 Sexau, Gemeinde Rathaus no both 19 Teningen, Gemeinde Rohrlache yes / no 12 direct 30 Vörstetten, Gemeinde Ortsmitte no both 14 Weisweil, Gemeinde Kirche no with change 16 Wyhl a. K., Gemeinde Edeka-Markt no both 20 Rheinhausen, Gemeinde Festhalle Niederh. no with change 21 Freiamt, Gemeinde Kurhaus / Badstr. no direct 12 Mittelbereich 13 13 Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach Fischerbach, Gemeinde Dorf no both 10 Gutach, Gemeinde Vogtsbauernhof no both 10 Haslach im Kinzigtal, Stadt Bahnhof yes tripartite regional centre Hausach, Stadt Bahnhof (Bus) yes tripartite regional centre Hofstetten, Gemeinde Rathaus no direct 6 Hornberg, Stadt Bahnhof yes both 13 Mühlenbach, Gemeinde Kirche no direct 5 Oberwolfach, Gemeinde Walke no direct 9 Steinach a. d. Kinzig, Gemeinde Bahnhof yes direct 25 Wolfach, Stadt Bahnhof yes tripartite regional centre

12 Train station outside in Teningen-Mundingen. 13 The values of the maximum frequency for the Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach are intersections between the departures to reach every of the three regional centres.

Regional Intermediate Report page -61- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

Map 15: Reachability of the regional centre by Individual Motorized Traffic in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2009

Map 16: Reachability of the regional centre by Public Transport with the fastest connection in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach

Regional Intermediate Report page -62- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

Map 17: Maximum Frequency Public Transport in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2009

Map 18: Quality of Connection of Public Transport in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2009

Regional Intermediate Report page -63- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

8.3.6. Every Day Needs

C Spatial Data – Every Day Needs (also optional data)

Indicator groceries modified: only markets with a full range of products 14

density of food shops full range full range groceries food shop food shops by population access 2007/2008 year 2008 2007/2008 year 2008 in person in number in percent in number DENS_GROC FOOD_SHOP OPTIONAL OPTIONAL Regierungsbezirk Freiburg Region Südlicher Oberrhein Mittelbereich 405 291 2.223 53 Emmendingen Bahlingen a. K., Gemeinde 245 16 1.957 2 Denzlingen, Gemeinde 614 22 2.703 5 Emmendingen, Stadt 490 54 2.205 12 Endingen a. K., Stadt 284 32 1.298 7 Forchheim, Gemeinde 412 3 - 0 Herbolzheim, Stadt 499 20 1.997 5 Kenzingen, Stadt 336 27 1.297 7 Malterdingen, Gemeinde 334 9 3.004 1 Reute, Gemeinde 619 5 - 0 Riegel a. K., Gemeinde 451 8 3.604 1 Sasbach a. K., Gemeinde 154 22 1.131 3 Sexau, Gemeinde 249 13 3.235 1 Teningen, Gemeinde 564 21 3.946 3 Vörstetten, Gemeinde 419 7 - 0 Weisweil, Gemeinde 429 5 - 0 Wyhl a. K., Gemeinde 361 10 1.204 3 Rheinhausen, Gemeinde 571 6 3.423 1 Freiamt, Gemeinde 388 11 2.132 2 Mittelbereich 323 115 2.063 18 Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach Fischerbach, Gemeinde 242 7 1.695 1 Gutach, Gemeinde 222 10 2.215 1 Haslach im Kinzigtal, Stadt 259 27 1.401 5 Hausach, Stadt 387 15 1.452 4 Hofstetten, Gemeinde 422 4 1.686 1 Hornberg, Stadt 339 13 2.202 2 Mühlenbach, Gemeinde 242 7 - 0 Oberwolfach, Gemeinde 393 7 2.749 1 Steinach a. d. Kinzig, Gemeinde 364 11 4.003 1 Wolfach, Stadt 420 14 2.940 2

14 only food shops which offer a full range of products like supermarkets (e.g. Rewe, Edeka, Nah&Gut, Ihre Kette), food-discounter (e.g. Aldi, Lidl, Plus, Penny) and also small “mom-and-pop- shops” (without specialised supermarkets like e.g. Asia shops or beverage markets)

Regional Intermediate Report page -64- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

Map 19: Food Shops in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach- Hausach-Wolfach in 2008

Map 20: Density of Groceries in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2007/2008

Regional Intermediate Report page -65- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

Map 21: Full range food shops in the two Test Areas Mittelbereich Emmendingen and Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach in 2008 (modified food shop data)

Regional Intermediate Report page -66- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

8.3.7. Information and communication technology

C Spatial Data – ICT

private private broadband internet access 15 usage 16

in percent in percent BBAND_PRV INTERNET_ ACC_RATE PRVUSE_ RATE Regierungsbezirk Freiburg - - Region Südlicher Oberrhein - - Mittelbereich - - Emmendingen Bahlingen a. K., Gemeinde - - Denzlingen, Gemeinde - - Emmendingen, Stadt - - Endingen a. K., Stadt - - Forchheim, Gemeinde - - Herbolzheim, Stadt - - Kenzingen, Stadt - - Malterdingen, Gemeinde - - Reute, Gemeinde - - Riegel a. K., Gemeinde - - Sasbach a. K., Gemeinde - - Sexau, Gemeinde - - Teningen, Gemeinde - - Vörstetten, Gemeinde - - Weisweil, Gemeinde - - Wyhl a. K., Gemeinde - - Rheinhausen, Gemeinde - - Freiamt, Gemeinde - - Mittelbereich - - Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach Fischerbach, Gemeinde - - Gutach, Gemeinde - - Haslach im Kinzigtal, Stadt - - Hausach, Stadt - - Hofstetten, Gemeinde - - Hornberg, Stadt - - Mühlenbach, Gemeinde - - Oberwolfach, Gemeinde - - Steinach a. d. Kinzig, Gemeinde -- Wolfach, Stadt - -

15 Definition of indicator: The ratio of the number of households with broad band access divided by the most actual number of households. 16 Definition of indicator: The ratio of the population using internet divided by the most actual resident population.

Regional Intermediate Report page -67- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009

In Germany, these data are only available on level of the level of federal state (NUTS 1) for Baden-Württemberg. The source is the statistical state office of Baden-Württemberg.

optional Data – ICT on level of national state and federal state

internet private daily or nearly access broadband daily private access 17 internet usage18 2008 2008 2008 in percent in percent in percent households households persons National State (NUTS 0) 68,7 72,8 66,2 Germany Federal State (NUTS 1) 71,3 - 65,3 Baden-Württemberg

Dates on municipal level shown exemplarily by municipality of Freiamt for Mittelbereich Emmendingen and city of Wolfach for Mittelbereich Haslach-Hausach-Wolfach, based on a own survey within the ACCESS project. The questions were the same than at the survey on federal and national state level.

optional Data – ICT on level of municipalities

internet private private access broadband internet access usage 2009 2009 2009 in percent in percent in percent households households persons Freiamt, Gemeinde 64 71 71 Test Area Emmendingen Wolfach, Stadt Test Area Haslach-Hausach- 64 75 77 Wolfach

17 In relation to households with internet access 18 In relation to households with internet access, within the last three months at the point of survey, including persons from the age of ten years

Regional Intermediate Report page -68- Freiburg / Kaiserslautern Region Südlicher Oberrhein 2009